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Women's Reproductive Rights

The effects on women’s reproductive rights

The legalization of decriminalizing elective abortion laws hugely affects women's

reproductive rights. The implementation of the legal abortion programs in both the public and

private sectors has seen many abortions being performed by women (Becker, D, and Olavarrieta,

Claudia Diaz, 590). The abortion legalization is significant in the improvement of the

reproductive rights. However, the influx of unsafe abortions can only be dealt with if similar

abortion legalization is implemented. The implementation of the abortion laws has strengthened

the sexual awareness in learning institutions as it calls for extensive access to contraceptive

methods. However, despite the passing of the abortion laws the accessing of the legal abortion to

women has been difficult. Despite the existence of these barriers to legal abortions, the act is

commonly practiced in unhealthy circumstances. This endangers the life women since the

abortions are often performed in insecure circumstances which sometimes cause stern health

impacts for women. It was believed that the legalization of abortion as a significant initial step in

improving women’s reproductive rights. However, the laws should be concerned with

eliminating harmful ways of abortions. Additionally, it has been said that a large number of

women has been hospitalized as a result of complications arising from induced abortions. In

Mexico, the aspect of inequity is important in understanding the factors such as stigma, fear, and

lack of knowledge about the services which ultimately lead some women to continue to abort
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unsafely rather than using the safe services. Additionally, various studies have demonstrated that

nearly 200,000 women have been hospitalized as a result of complications arising from induced

abortions in Mexico. With the highest number of affected women being from a poor background,

low education levels and from indigenous groups, the gravity of this health problem continues to

infringe the women’s reproductive rights. Based on these assumptions, there is a primal need for

abolition of the restrictive abortion laws that infringe on women’s reproductive rights, not only in

Mexico but globally. The existence of restrictive abortion laws in many parts of the world has

continued to negatively affect the women’s reproductive rights. Virtually, many abortions in the

world are unsafe, and they consequently result to maternal deaths and other health complications

(Becker, D, and Olavarrieta, Claudia Diaz, 595).

Legalization of marital rape and the historical development of health and reproductive

rights

The aspect of promotion of women’s reproductive rights is imperative. As such, the moral

and legal necessity of regulation of legalization of marital rape should be considered. In Nigeria,

there are challenges plaguing its desired development with the lack of pragmatic methods of

protection of the rights of women thus enabling their continued marginalization. Lack of gender

equality has portrayed the African culture as the barbaric and utopic case. Despite the existence

of much potential in Nigerian society, the existence of regressive traditions which oppress

women continues to infringe on the women’s reproductive rights. It would be considered

morally right if women were able to compete socio-economically, not considering their gender as

a deterrent aspect in the achievement of their undertakings.

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The challenging nature of the gender discrimination in Nigeria is shaped by the role of

culture and in women’s ambitions. To achieve a robust understanding of the current state of the

women’s reproductive rights, one ought to understand the historical marginalization of women

and the role of traditions. Based on these assumptions, the state of women’s rights requires a key

overhaul owing to the pernicious nature of the culture. Presently, there continues to be the

promotion of women’s reproductive rights by activists and lobe groups (Chika, I.S, 40). The

case of sodomization and the stripping of women and their consequent abuse are examples of

cases in which the women’s reproductive rights have been infringed. Concerns have been raised

over the role and the responsibility of the authorities in the protection of women’s rights.

Additionally, the social groups pushing against the marginalization of women have continued to

shape the consciousness of women’s rights and the sensitization of women against sexual abuse.

This has consequently brought positive influence in achieving monumental success and the

decision making of the society. Consequently, various laws and regulation against the

infringement of the women’s reproductive rights have been implemented.

The aspect of marital violence and rape comes into play in consideration to domestic

violence. The domestic laws and the ratification of the international equality rights in the recent

past have continued to sensitize on the need to have awareness against sexual violence on

women. The availability of discriminatory rights in the country continues to play a huge role in

the infringement of women’s reproductive rights. The laws that give room for domestic violence

should be repelled since they impede on the advancement of the protective measures against the

abuse of women. The society too affects the legal recourse of domestic violence in case of

violence. Women are mostly unaware of their rights in the marriage context and this is what

marginalizes their autonomy. Culture provides for total submission of women to their husbands
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after marriage without any resistance. Consequently, this negatively affects the advancement of

protective measures against domestic violence. Generally, the existence of patriarchal

community social beliefs has hugely affected the women’s reproductive rights, not only in

Nigeria but also in many parts of the world.

Abortions laws and women’s reproductive rights and social equality

The contemporary world has moved further in the liberalization of the abortion laws

following the need to drive women’s reproductive rights. This follows the recognition of

women’s rights in relation to the legalization of abortions and in the understanding of the health

complications following an abortion. Criminalization of abortion has elicited the emergence of

legal strategies in response to the trend. Among the legal strategies that are being advocated

includes the biased counseling requirements, mandatory waiting periods as well as the

unregulated practice of conscientious objection. These legal strategies are set to introduce

barriers that stigmatize and demean women as well as compromising their state of well being.

Research on abortion has realized that many countries in the world currently are against abortion

entirely. Else, other countries permit the woman to make the decision on whether to give birth or

conduct an abortion. Other countries permit abortion only on the situation whereby the health of

the mother is at risk. Based on these assumptions, one can assume the world we are living in

today has highly restrictive laws governing abortion. Since the interception of the abortion laws,

there has been a global trend aimed at easing the legal restrictions on abortion.

Following the background of liberalization of abortion laws in the developed world, there

has been a push by the developed countries into committing to preventing unsafe abortion. Else,

very few countries have shown commitment towards tightened legal restrictions in relation to
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abortion. Based on studies conducted to determine the legalization of abortion in various

countries in the world, it has been assumed that many Asian countries have adopted liberal

abortion laws that authorize the service of abortion without any restrictions as to rationale during

particular gestational limits.

The topic of women’s reproductive rights and social equality involves the correlation

between levels of women’s reproductive rights and social equality in developing countries (Finer,

Louise, and Fine, Johanna B, 585). Why do women have reproductive rights? The close relation

between social equality and the various levels of reproductive rights provides for the marital

rights. However, the relationship between the various levels of social equality in the society and

the legalization of abortion are considered insignificant and less valued. The examination of

women’s reproductive rights calls for study tests of theoretical models of these rights and the

modernization process. Research conducted on the correlation of women’s reproductive rights in

the developed countries has found that the much-applied family planning has less or no

significance to women’s reproductive rights (Piillai, Vijayan K, and Guang-zhen Wang, 459).

Gender inequality is considered to be a most significant factor affecting and infringing the

women’s reproductive rights in developed countries. Else, the impact of social and economic

development is less significant in affecting women’s reproductive rights through the attainment

of economic development.

Understanding induced abortion trajectories, transnational reproductive justice, and

reproductive justice: domestic violence

The rising cases of abortion in many countries can be prevented through maternal

mortality and morbidity. The unsafe induced abortion is more likely to happen under restrictive
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provisions. The permitting of induced abortion is commonly based on wide range of grounds.

The legality of the induced abortion, however, does not guarantee safe abortion. From the

definition of “unsafe abortions” as illegal procedures aimed at terminating an unwanted

pregnancy under unnecessary skills, the aspect of “unsafe” conceals the multifaceted range of

risks that continuously change based on the abortion method applied. Medical abortion, however,

has increased and has continued to contribute to the rates of hospital admissions with the

complications arising from unhealthy abortion methods. Any incorrect abortion method is set to

attract risks and other health complications (Coast Ernestina, and Murray, Susan F, 205). These

complications require heath facility admission based on the level of risk. The judgment about

abortion risks can be affected by stigma and societal judgment as well as negative attribution

from the person wishing to terminate the pregnancy. As such, the decision to terminate a

pregnancy should adopt a care giving behavior and influence factors that are helpful in

understanding barriers to care-seeking.

In the understanding and transnational reproductive justice, there is a need for

international conceptive evenhandedness as a valuable approach to dealing the freedom of

duplicate minimized women. With much focus being vested on well-organized fear and

denigration of women of shading by various foundations, practices, and strategies with a

particular intention demonstrates the primal need of a regenerative equity method of dealing with

address dynamic state-endorsed viciousness (“On Forbidden Wombs and Transnational

Reproductive Justice.”, 170). As such the clarification of substance and significance of a

regenerative equity system demonstrates the paradigm of conceivable outcomes that point out at

the contraceptive equity offer to address interrelated worldwide strengths of control.

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On reproductive justice, much focus is put on the examining the challenges pertinent in

the accessing of legal interventions to the violation of reproductive rights. The argument laid out

on the reproductive rights of meaningful intervention on the basis that they must be changed in

terms of the reproductive justice. This justice entails the reproductive rights and the

transformation of gender oppression and inequality. The self-motivated legal aid interventions on

reproductive rights offer the maternal mortality intervention to the productive rights. The legal

strategies that uphold the reproductive rights in the prevention of domestic violence provide a

solution to the problems that have seen a violation of the women’s reproductive rights. It is in

the readiness to uphold the within existing laws that provide for the respect and safeguard of the

reproductive rights that it is demonstrated that strategies ought to be drafted to deal with the

rising menace (Madhok, Sumi, Unnithan, Maya, and Heitmeyer, Carolyn, 1231) Though these

strategies might be considered radical and creative, the most important fact would be the aim to

utilize the existing laws and managing the manner in which the strategies investment are

responsible for producing gender equality and reproductive rights,

Conclusion

This research paper contains a robust understanding of the women's reproductive rights.

With the aim of unleashing the various factors that pray a key role on the infringement of

women's reproductive rights this paper dwells on the effects on women’s reproductive rights,

legalization of marital rape and the historical development of health and reproductive rights,

abortions laws and women’s reproductive rights and social equality and the understanding

induced abortion trajectories, transnational reproductive justice and reproductive justice:

domestic violence. The aspect of abortion has been widely discussed in the paper as it plays a

key role in the women's reproductive rights. Culture and individual perception continue to
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infringe the women's reproductive rights through various ways. Additionally, the historical

development of health and reproductive rights and social equality are significant in determining

the reproductive rights.

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Work Cited

Becker, D, and Olavarrieta, Claudia Diaz. “Decriminalization of abortion in Mexico City: The effects

on women’s reproductive rights.” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 103 no. Apr, 2013, pp

590-593.

Chika, I.S. “Legalization of Marital Rape in Nigeria: A gross violation of women’s

health and reproductive rights.”. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, vol. 33 no. Mar,

2011, pp 39-46.

Finer, Louise, and Fine, Johanna B. “Abortion Law Around the World: Progress and Pushback.”

American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 103 no. Apr, 2013, pp, 585-589.

Piillai, Vijayan K, and Guang-zhen Wang. “Women’s reproductive rights and social equality in

developing countries.” Social Science Journal, vol. 36 no. 1999, pp. 459.

Coast, Ernestina, and Murray, Susan F. “These things are dangerous: Understanding induced

abortion trajectories in urban Zambia.” Sociology of Science Medicine, vol. 153

no. Mar, 2016, pp, 201-209.

“On Forbidden Wombs and Transnational Reproductive Justice.” Meridians: Feminism, Race,

Transnationalism, vol. 15 no. pp, 166-188.

Madhok, Sumi, Unnithan, Maya, and Heitmeyer, Carolyn. “On reproductive justice: ‘domestic

violence’, rights and the law in India. Culture, Health & Sexuality, vol. 16 no. Nov, 2014, pp,

1231-1244.
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