4/10/22, 3:24 PM Power plant and calculations: Batteries & troubleshooting

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Power plant and calculations

Single Power plant and calculation site basically includes the detailed study of power plant operation and maintenance, its related all
Phase calculations and thumb rules. It also involves detailed troubleshooting guides for operation and maintenance Problems
of power plant proc
Line and equipments.
with
Reactors
Active Voltage Power
Conditioner
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Consultants
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THDi less than 5%, PF up Advanced SVG,
toVoltage
0.99, threeRange
phase -
APF, SPC 3in1
400VAC,
voltage balance.
Current Range: One active voltage
powerquality.yiyen.com conditioner solves
6A to 500A,
to get perfect
Operating
power quality.
Freq:50/60Hz
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Conditioner
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THDi less than 5%, PF
up to 0.99, three
phase voltage
balance.
1-List down the applications of auxiliary DC power supply
system in Power plants?
 Protections relays powerquality.yiyen.com
Circuit breakers
DCS
Trip circuits
Signaling
Telephone system & communication
Emergency lighting OPEN
Transmitters & Positioners
Emergency oil pumps
Metering panels

2-List down the various DC voltages & their

applications in power plants
Sl No. Voltage Applications
1 220 VDC & 110 VDC Protection system
Emergency lighting
Trip & closing coil of circuit breakers
Operating mechanisms
2 48 VDC Telephone communication
3 +/- 24 VDC Control circuits
Measuring instruments
Static relays

3-What is the power source for DC supply?

Active Voltage
Main power source is lead-acidConditioner - Top
storage battery & AC/DC
rectifier set SVG Supplier
OPEN
4-What are the installation requirements for lead acid
battery ?
THDi less than 5%, PF up to 0.99, three phase voltage balance. powerquality.yiyen.com/svg/

supplierThe room should be isolated from other system

Room should have adequate lighting & ventilation

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4/10/22, 3:24 PM Power plant and calculations: Batteries & troubleshooting
The room walls & floor should have acid proof tiles
Battery cells should be installed on insulated racks
CLOSE ADS Racks should be placed on insulator generally porcelain
insulators CLOSE ADS
Cables should be acid proof
The DC bus bars should be of round or flat copper materials

Single Bus bars connections are made by soldering or brazing

The positive terminal of the battery is Red & negative
terminal should be blue
Phase 30-selected QnA on power Transformers
Problems
Line 5-How do you calculate the maximum discharge current of
batteries?
Maximum discharge current = (Continuous load (W1) + Short
time Load (W2)) / Rated Voltage with
Reactors
Active Voltage
6-How do you specify the batteries?
Power
Batteries have following specification:
Conditioner
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THDi less than 5%, PF up No.of cells Advanced SVG,
toVoltage
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phase - AH capacity
APF, SPC 3in1
400VAC,
voltage balance.
Arrangement of cells
Current Range: One active voltage
powerquality.yiyen.com Details of charging equipment conditioner solves
6A to 500A,
to get perfect
Operating
power quality.
Freq:50/60Hz7-What do you mean by AH of batteries?
AH
(Ampere hour) is the capacity of battery. It is the product of current and
total time required powerquality.yiyen.com
emisindia.com
for discharge. It depends on the magnitude of discharge
current.
8-How do you
decide the number of batteries for a particular battery bank?
No.
of battery cells = Bus bar voltage / Voltage of one cell
9-What are the
various charging methods employed for batteries?
Initial
charging
Quick
charging
OPEN Trickle
charging
OPEN OPEN
60-Basic questions & Answers on power plant electrical system

10-What do you
mean by trickle charging? & what is its significance?
Trickle
charging is constant charging current that is supplied to battery to compensate
its
discharge current.
Batteries
get discharge when not in use. Hence to avoid sulphating, the batteries should
be
kept continuous charging by trickle charging. IGBT
11-What do you
mean by primary cells (dry cell) & secondary cells?
Primary
cells are non rechargeable cells & Secondary cells are storage batteries Voltage
Regulator
12-What are
anode, cathode & electrolyte in Lead-acid batteries?
Cathode:
Sponge lead
Anode:
Lead Peroxide (PbO2)
Electrolyte:
Sulphuric acid & water
Advanced SVG, APF,
SPC 3in1
13-What is the
voltage level of lead acid batteries that are generally employed? THDi less than 5%, PF
It
is 2 V
up to 0.99, three
14-What is the
voltage level of fully charged & fully discharged lead acid battery?
Voltage
of fully charged cell is 2.5 V & 1.75 V for fully discharged cell
phase voltage balance
15-What will
happen during battery discharge & charging of lead acid battery?
During
discharging process, the lead & lead peroxide het change into lead sulphate.
And powerquality.yiyen.com
during charging lead sulphate gets convert into lead & lead peroxide
16-How do you
check the specific gravity (SG) of electrolyte of lead acid battery?
Specific
gravity (SG) is checked with the help of Hydrometer
17-What is the
SG of fully charged & fully discharged electrolyte
SG
Fully charged electrolyte: 1.28 & 1.12 for fully discharged electrolyte
18-What is the
proportion of Sulphuric acid & water in Lead acid batteries?
OPEN
Sulphuric
acid: 64% & Distilled water: 36%
19-How do make
up electrolyte level in lead-acid batteries?
Lower
level of electrolyte is due to evaporation of water.
If
the lower electrolyte level is due to evaporation of water, then add distilled
water. And if If the
lower electrolyte level is due to spilling over bubbling,
then add acid & water solution.
20-Explain the
charging method of lead-acid battery?
During
charging process current forced into battery from opposite direction to its
normal
direction of current flow.
That
is during normal use current leaves from positive terminal & enters through
negative
terminal. During charging current enters through positive terminal
& leaves through negative
terminal
21-Why do the
lead-acid batteries get discharge when they are not in use?
Active Voltage
This
is because Conditioner
internal discharge - inTop
current due to impurities SVG Supplier
the electrolyte
OPEN
22-What
electrolyte
THDi less than 5%, PFis up
used in Nickel-Iron
to 0.99, batteries?
three phase voltage balance. powerquality.yiyen.com/svg/

supplier
Potassium
hydroxide
23-What is the
voltage level & density of electrolyte of Nickel-Iron battery?

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4/10/22, 3:24 PM Power plant and calculations: Batteries & troubleshooting
It
is 1.2 V & 1.2
24-Which
electrolyte is used for Nickel Cadmium batteries?
CLOSE ADS
Potassium
hydroxide CLOSE ADS
25-What precautions
do you take to avoid over discharging of battery?
Over
discharging can be avoided by IGBT
Single Voltage
Regular
charging of battery
Avoid
excessive discharge rate
Phase
Regulator Problems
Avoid
short-circuit currents & leakage current

Line Schedule
charging & discharging
When
not in use, battery terminals should be considered with
Reactors
Active Voltage Basics of power plant instrumentations

Advanced SVG, APF,

Power
Conditioner 26-What do you
mean by sulphated Battery? SPC 3in1
Talk to our
Consultants
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Discharge
battery with abnormal hardened lead sulphate on its plate is a Sulphated
battery
THDi less than 5%, PFQuality
27-What actions
you will take if Battery is charging slowly?
THDi less than 5%, PF up
toVoltage
0.99, threeRange
phase - Check
battery connections & rectify if there are loose connections
up to 0.99, three Advanced SVG,
APF, SPC 3in1
phase voltage balance
400VAC,
voltage balance.
Check
charger capacity One active voltage
Current Range:
powerquality.yiyen.com
6A to 500A,
Add
distilled water or acid water solution if electrolyte is low conditioner solves
powerquality.yiyen.comto get perfect
Check
sulphatation of battery & rectify it
Operating
Increase
current rating power quality.
Freq:50/60Hz
Check
connection that is positive lead of charger to positive of battery &
negative to powerquality.yiyen.com
emisindia.com negative

28-What are the

reasons for overheating of battery while charging?
OPEN
Poor
ventilation
High
charging rate

OPEN Lower
specific gravity of electrolyte
OPEN OPEN
29- What are
the reasons for overheating of battery while discharging?
High
discharge rate
Separators
between plates have damaged
30-What are the
reasons for cells having unequal voltages?
Over
discharge
Lower
electrolytes level
Foreign
material in electrolyte
IGBT
Positive
plate worn out Voltage
Regulator
Advanced SVG, APF,
at
September 12, 2020
SPC 3in1
Labels:
Electrical & Instrumentation THDi less than 5%, PF
up to 0.99, three
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THDi less than 5%, PF up Advanced SVG,
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powerquality.yiyen.com conditioner solves
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THDi less than 5%, PF up Advanced SVG,
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powerquality.yiyen.com conditioner solves
6A to 500A,
to get perfect
Operating
power quality.
Freq:50/60Hz
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