EXERCISE # 1

Questions
Linear momentum (A) Linear momentum
based on
(B) Kinetic energy of translation
Q.1 A monkey of mass 20kg rides on a 40kg (C) Angular momentum
trolley moving with constant speed of 8m/s (D) Linear momentum and angular mo-
along a horizontal track. If the monkey jumps
mentum both
vertically to grab the overhanging branch of a
Sol.[D] In given system Fext = 0
tree, the speed of the trolley after the monkey
So from linear momentum conservation
has jumped off is -
L = constant and Fext = 0
(A) 8 m/s (B) 1 m/s (C) 4 m/s (D)12 m/s
So J = L × r = constant
Sol.[A] Monkey Jump off vertically it not change the
So option (D) is correct
horizontal component of trolley so speed of
trolley remain same after jump. Questions Collision
based on

Q.2 A system of two particle move under the Q.4 Two elastic bodies P and Q having equal
influence of mutual gravitational attraction. If masses are moving along the same line with
 
velocities of 16 m/s and 10m/s respectively.
p represent the linear momentum and J the Their velocities after the elastic collision will
angular momentum, then the correct formulae be in m/s -
are- (A) 0 and 25 (B) 5 and 20
    (C) 10 and 16 (D) 20 and 5
(A)  J1  J 2  = 0 and  p1  p 2 = 0 Sol.[C] Since collision is elastic so from linear
    momentum conser
(B)  J1  J 2  0 and  p1  p 2  0
26 = m (v1 + v2); v1 + v2 = 26 ......(i)
    From K.E. conservation
(C)  J1  J 2   0 and p1  p 2 = 0
1 1
    m (162 + 102) = m ( v12  v 22 ) ;
(D)  J1  J 2  = 0 and p1  p 2 0 2 2
356 = v12 + v22 ......(ii)
Sol.[A] Fest  0; meant Dp1 + Dp2 = not conserved
From equation (i) & (ii)

p is not constant v1 = 10 m/s; v2 = 16 m/s & option (C) is
  
correct
J = p × r also not remain constant
Q.5 Two solid balls of rubber A and B whose
J1 + J2  0 so option (A) is correct. masses are 200gm and 400gm respectively,
are moving in mutually opposite directions. If
Q.3 A meter scale lying horizontally on a the velocity A is 0.3 m/s and both the balls
frictionless table is struck by a ball as shown come to rest after collision, then the velocity
in the diagram. Which of the following of ball B is-
quantities is conserved for the ball-scale (A) 0.15 ms–1 (B) –0.15 ms–1
–1
system- (C) 1.5 ms (D) none of these
Sol.[B] From momentum conservation
P1 + P 2 = 0
Centre [Given : m1 = 200 gm m2 = 400 gm]
m (0.3) + 2 m.VB = 0
0 .3
VB = – = – 0.15 ms–1 so correct options
2
is (B)

CONSERVATION LAWS 11
Q.6 A particle of mass m moving with velocity u1 v v v 3
from option (A) mv = m     =
collides elastically with another particle of 2 2 2 2
same mass moving with velocity u2 in the mv
same direction. After collision their speeds 3
mv  mv so its wrong
are v1 and v2 respectively then- 2
(1) u1 + v1 = v2 + u2  v v 
Option (B) mv = m × 0 + m   
(2) u1 – v1 = v2 + u2  2 2
(A) Both the equations 1 and 2 are correct mv  2 mv & its wrong
(B) Both the equations 1 and 2 are incorrect Option (C) mv = mv + 2 mv
(C) Equation 1 is correct but not 2 = 3 mv (wrong)
(D) Equation 2 is correct but not 1 Option (D) mv = m × 0 + m × 0 + mv
mv = mv; or pi = pf
Sol.[C] From momentum conservation
So option (D) is correct option
v1 + u1 = v2 + u2 .......(1)
From energy conservation
Q.8 A ball of mass 1kg, moving with a velocity of
1 1 0.4 m/s, collides with another stationary ball.
m (v12 + u22) = m (v12 + u22)
2 2
After the collision, the first ball moves with a
v12 + u22 = v12 + u12 .......(2)
velocity of 0.3 m/s in a direction making an
eq (2) Devide by (1)
angle of 90º with its initial direction. The
v1 + u1 = v2 + u2 (so equation 1 is right) momentum of second ball after collision will
v1 – v2 = u1 + u2 (is wrong) be (in kg-m/s) -
so option (C) is correct (A) 0.1 (B) 0.3 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.7
Sol.[C]
Q.7 As shown in figure A, B and C are identical v'
balls B and C are at rest and, the ball A
moving with velocity v collides elastically
v'
with ball B, then after collision –
B
A v B C
Apply the momentum conservation vertical
and horizontal direction
(A) All the three balls move with velocity v/2
p'x = 100.4 .
(B) A comes to rest and (B + C) moves with
velocity v/ 2 p'y = 100.3 : p= p 2x  p 2y

(C) A moves with velocity v and (B + C)

= (0.4) 2  (0.3) 2 = 0.5
moves with velocity v
(D) A and B come to rest and C moves with
velocity v Q.9 A moving sphere of mass m suffer a perfect

Sol.[D] From Question figure : elastic collision (not head on) with an equally
A B C massive stationary sphere. After collision
v
both fly off at angle , value of which is -
It should be follow momentum conservation (A) 0 (B) 
pA = pB' + pC'
(C) indeterminate (D) /2

CONSERVATION LAWS 22
Sol.[D] 1 1  v2  (mv) 2
mv2 = m   +
v1 2 2  4  4.2m B

mv 2 mv 2 m2v2
= +
N2 2 8 8.m B
1 2
m 3 m
v1
= ; mB =
v1 mB 1 3

m
1 1 mB =
3

2 2
v2 Q.12 If one sphere collides head on with another
sphere of the same mass at rest inelastically.
So (D)
The ratio of their speeds after collision shall
be-
Q.10 A billiard ball moving at a speed of 6.6 ms–1
(A) (1 – e)/(1 + e) (B) 2e/(1 + e)
strikes an identical stationary ball a glancing
(C) (1 + e)/(1 – e) (D) e
blow. After the collision, one ball is found to
v 2  v1
be moving at a speed of 3.3, ms–1 in a Sol.[C] e= .....(i)
v0
direction making an angle of 60º with the
mv = mv1 + mv2 ....(ii)
original line of motion. The velocity of the
solving equation (i) & (ii) and get
other ball is-
v2 1 e
(A) 4.4 ms–1 (B) 6.6 ms–1 = correct option is (C)
v1 1 e
(C) 3.3 ms–1 (D) 5.7 ms–1
Sol.[D] momentum conservation in x –direction Q.13 A balloon of mass M with a light rope and
m (6.6) = (3.3) (a) 60.m + m.v' monkey of mass m are at rest in mid air. If the
monkey climbs up the rope and reaches the
1
6.6 = 3.3 = + v' top of the rope, the distance by which the
2
balloon descends will be-
v' = 5.7 ms–1 so option (D) is correct
(The length of the rope = L )

Q.11 A body of mass m kg collides elastically with

another body at rest and then continues to M
move in the original direction with one half of
its original speed. what is the mass of the
target body ?
(A) m kg (B) 2/3 m kg
(C) m/3 kg (D) m/2 kg
m mL
mv (A) (B)
Sol.[C] mv = p' + (m  M) 2 mM
2
( m  M )L (m  M)
mv (C) (D)
p' = .....(i) m mL
2
CONSERVATION LAWS 33
Sol.[B] Fext = 0; f1 + f2 = 0 f1 = – f2 Q.17 Two particles whose masses are 10 kg and
m ( L  0) (M  m)( x  0) 30kg and their position vectors are î  ĵ  k̂
=
dt dt
and  î  ĵ  k̂ respectively would have the
ML (M  m) x
= centre of mass at -
dt dt

mL ( î  ˆj  k̂ ) ( î  ˆj  k̂ )
x= so option (B) is correct (A) – (B)
Mm 2 2

( î  ˆj  k̂ ) ( î  ˆj  k̂ )
(C) – (D)
Questions
Centre of mass 4 4
based on
m1r1  m 2 r2
Q.14 The velocity of centre of mass in absence of Sol.[A] Xcm =
m1  m 2
external force is -
(A) constant (B) zero 10  (î  ĵ  k̂ )  30(î  ĵ  k̂ )
=
(C) increases (D) decreases 40
Sol.[A] Fext = 0 (î  ĵ  k̂ )
= 
ma = 0 acceleration = constant 2
(v2 – v1)cm = 0 so correct option is (A)
vcm = constant
So option (A) is correct
 Fill in the blanks type questions
Q.15 The centre of mass of two particles lies-
(A) on the line perpendicular to the line Q.18 In the figure shown, when the persons A and
joining the particles B exchange their positions, then
(B) on a point outside the line joining the
A B
particles
(C) on the line joining the particles
(D) none of the above
m1
 M
2m
 m2

Sol.[C] In two particale system centre of mass lies on

line joining the particle m1 = 50 kg, m2 = 70 kg, M = 80 kg

Q.16 Two particles A and B which are initially at rest (i) the distance moved by the centre of mass
move towards each other under the mutual force of the system is ..................
of attraction. At the instant when the speed of A (ii) the plank moves toward .................
is v and the speed of B is 2v. the speed of the (iii) the distance moved by the plank is ..........
centre of mass of the system is - (iv) the distance moved by A with respect to
(A) v (B) 1.5v (C) 3v (D) zero ground is ..................
Sol.[D] Fext = 0; ac.m = 0
(v) the distance moved by B with respect to
dmv c.m.
Fext = 0; = 0; mvcm = constant ground is ................
dt
So speed of c.m. zero correct option is (D)

CONSERVATION LAWS 44
Sol.
A B

m1
 M

2m
 m2

(i) As no external force in horizontal direction

COM of system will not move
(ii) As COM will not move plank will have to
move toward right

O
m1
  m2

(iii) m1x1 + m2x2 + Mx = 0

(50) (x+ 2) + 70 (x – 2) + 80 (x) = 0
200 x = 140 – 100 = 40
1
x= = 0.20 m
5
(iv) The distance moved by A
= x + 2 = 2.2 m
(v) The distance moved moved by B
= |x – 2| = – 1.8 m

CONSERVATION LAWS 55
 EXERCISE # 2

(Only single correct answer type = 0.1 V1 + 0.2 (10 ĵ + 5 k̂ ) + 0
Part-A
questions)

 2 î + 4 ĵ + 8 k̂ = 0.1 V1 + 2 ĵ + k̂
Q.1 An object of mass 3kg at rest in space

suddenly explodes into three parts of same
 0.1 V1 = 2 î + 2 ĵ + 7 k̂
mass. The momentum of the two parts are 4 î

and 2 ĵ . Then energy released in explosion is– V1 = 20 î + 20 ĵ + 70 k̂
(A) 60 Joule (B) 40 Joule
(C) 20 Joule (D) 10 Joule
Q.3 The magnitude of force (in Newtons) acting
Sol.(C) Initial momentum = Final momentum.
  
on a body varies with time (in micro second)
O = P1 + P2 + P3 as shown in the figure. The magnitude of total
   impulse of the force on the body from t = 4µs
P3 = – ( P1 + P2 ) = – (4 î + 2 ĵ )
to t = 16µs is –

| P3 | = 4 2  2 2 = 20
since m1 = m2 = m3 = 1kg. 800
2
P 600
 E=
Force (N)
2m 400
P12 16 200
E1 = = =8J
2 2
P22 4 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
E2 = = = 2J
2 2 Time (s)
P32 20 (A) 5 × 10 Ns –2
(B) 5 × 10–3 Ns
E3 = = = 10 J
2 2 (C) 5 × 10–4 Ns (D) 5 × 10–6 Ns
 E = E1 + E2 + E3 = 20 J Sol.(B)

800
Q.2 Three interacting particles of masses 100, 200
600
and 400gm have each a velocity 20m/sec and N 400
magnitude along the positive direction of
200
X–axis, Y–axis and Z–axis. Due to the force
of interaction the third particle stops moving 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
and the velocity of second particle is
t in s
(10 ĵ  5k̂ ) m/sec. Then the velocity of the first
Area enclosed between force-time curve and
particle is – time axis in the given interval gives total
(A) 20 î + 20 ĵ + 70 k̂ (B) 10 î + 10 ĵ + 5 k̂ impulse or change in momentum.
Area enclosed between 4s to 16s.
(C) 20 î + 70 ĵ + 20 k̂ (D) 5 î + 20 ĵ + 70 k̂
1 1 
Sol.(A) Initial momentum = Final momentum =   2  600  2  200   10  800  ×10–6
2 2 
= (600 + 400 + 4000) × 10–6
0.1 × 20 î + 0.2 × 20 ĵ + 0.4 × 20 k̂
= 5000 × 10–6 = 5 × 10–3 Ns

CONSERVATION LAWS 66
Q.4 Particles x (of mass 4 kg) and y (of mass 9kg) Q.6 A ball moving with a velocity u strikes a wall
move directly towards each other and collide. moving towards the ball with a velocity v as
If vx is the change in velocity of x and vy shown in the figure. An elastic impact occurs.
is the change in the velocity of y. The Then work done by wall during collision
v x is........... Consider the mass of the wall to be
magnitude of the ratio is – infinitely.
v y
9 3 2 4 v
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 9
Sol.(A) From conservation of momentum
mxux + myuy = mxvx + myvy
u
 mx(vx – ux) = my (vy – uy)
mx vx = my vy (A) 2mu (u + v) (B) 2mv (u + v)
v x my 9
 = = (C) 2m (u + v) (D) 2m (u – v)
v y mx 4
Sol.(B)
Q.5 2n identical cubical blocks are kept in a
2v
straight line on a horizontal smooth surface.
The distance between the consecutive blocks mass infinite
in same. The blocks 1, 3, 5,.....(2n – 1) are
given velocity v to the right whereas blocks 2, m u
4, 6,......2n are given velocity to the left. All Since wall is having large mass.
collisions between blocks are perfect elastic. sphere will rebound with (2v).
The total number of collisions that will take 1 1
 work done = m (u + 2v)2 – mu2
place is – 2 2
1
1 2 3 4 5 2n–1 2n = m[u2 + 4v2 + 4uv – u2]
2
(A) n (B) n + 1 = 2mv (v + u)
n (n  1)
(C) (D) n(n+1)
2 Q.7 A smooth sphere of mass m strikes a second
Sol.[C] 1 2 3 4 2n  1 2n sphere of mass 2m which is at rest. After the
collision their directions of motion are at right
Total blocks 2n
Means = = ...(1) angles. Then coefficient of restitution is-
2 2
1 1
2 3 2n – 2 2n – 1 (A) 0 (B) (C) – (D) 1
Now 2 2
2n  2 Sol.(B)
means = ...(2)
2
2n  4 u cos
For Next ....(3) m
2 
So total collisions u
r (n 0 )
2n  2r n (n  1)
r 0
2
= (n + 1)n 
2 2m
v

n (n  1) mu cos  = 2mv
=
2 u cos 
 v =
2

CONSERVATION LAWS 77
 v 1
from definition of e = Egain = E2 – E1 = (p22 – p12)
u cos  2m

v = e u cos  (p  p1 )(p 2  p1 ) I (p1  p 2 )
= 2 =
u cos  1 2m 2m
= e ucos   e =   
2 2 I m( v1  v 2 )   
E = ( I = p2 – p1 )
2m
Q.8 Two blocks A(3kg) and B(6kg) are connected 1   
or E = I ( v1 + v 2 )
by a spring of stiffness 512 N/m and placed 2
on a smooth horizontal surface. Initially the
spring has its equilibrium length. Velocities Q.10 Two sphere of masses 3kg and 2kg collide
1.8m/s and 2.2 m/s are imparted to A and B in directly. Their relative velocity before
opposite direction. The maximum extension collision is 15m/s and after collision is 5m/s.
in the spring will be – The total loss of K.E. due to collision is –
B (A) 60 J (B) 100 J
A (C) 120 J (D) 150 J
1.8 m/s K 6 kg 2.2 m/s Sol.(A) Given m1 = 3 kg, m2 = 2kg,
3kg
u2 – u1 = 15 m/s. and v2 – v1 = 5 m/s.
(A) 25 cm (B) 10 cm v 2  v1 5 1
 =–e  e= = .
(C) 12 cm (D) 2.5 cm u 2  u1 15 3
Sol.(A) 1 m1m 2
Loss in KE is Ek = (K1 – K2)2 (1 –
2 m1  m 2
1.8 m/s 512 N/m 2.2 m/s e)2
2
1 3 2  1
3 kg 6 kg Ek = × (15)2 1  
2 3 2  3
1 1 1
m1v12 + m2v22 = Kx2 3 15  15  4
2 2 2 = × = 60 J
1 1 1 5 9
× 3 × (1.8)2 + × 6 × (2.2)2 = × 512 ×
2 2 2
Q.11 Two spherical bodies of masses m and 5m and
x2
 x = 0.27 m  27 cm. radii R and 2R respectively are released in free
space with initial separation between their

Q.9 An impulse I changes the velocity of a centres equal to 12R. If they attract each other
  due to gravitational force only then the distance
particle from V1 to V2 . Kinetic energy covered by smaller sphere just before collisions
gained by the particle is – will be –
  
(A) (1/2) I ( V1 + V2 ) 2R
R 12R
  
(B) (1/2) I ( V1 – V2 )
m
   5m
(C) I ( V2 – V1 )
(A) 10R (B) 7.5R (C) 2.5R (D) 9R
  
(D) I ( V2 + V1 ) Sol.(A)
     2R
Sol.(A) I = p 2 – p1 = m ( v 2 – V1 ) R 12m

p12 p2 m
E1 = and E2 = 2 5m
2m 2m

CONSERVATION LAWS 88
 Initially particles are at rest and external force dx
=0
 Vcm = const. x
m 2d 5m  12R
d1 = = = 10R  = kx
m1  m 2 m  5m
distance covered by smaller sphere just before Let the cross section = A
collision = 10 R. mass of element dx at distance x
dm = (kx) Adx
Q.12 Three masses 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg are lying at
  
the corners of an equilateral triangle of side .  x3 

The (X) coordinate of center of mass is –

 x (kx ) Adx  x 2 dx  
 3  0
0 0
Xcm = 
= 
= 
Y  x2 
4 kg  (kx ) Adx  xdx 
 2



0
0 0
 
2
=
X 3
2 kg  3 kg
7 5
(A)  (B)  Q.14 A particle of mass m moving with velocity
12 9
1 m/s collides perfectly elastically with
7 2 5
(C)  (D)  another particle of mass 2m. If the incident
9 9
particle is deflected by 90º. The heavy mass
Sol.(B)
will make an angle  with the initial direction
 3  of m equal to–
Y  , 
2 2  (A) 60º (B) 45º (C) 15º (D) 30º
4 kg  
Sol.(D)
  v1

2 kg (, 0) X
m
(0, 0)  3 kg
m 2m
90º
m1x1  m 2 x 2  m 3 x 3 u = 1m/s 
Xcm =
m1  m 2  m 3
2m

2  0  3   4  v2
= 2 = 5
From momentum conservation
2 3 4 9
m × 1 = 2m v2cos
1
 v2 cos =
Q.13 Mass is non uniformly distributed over the 2
0 = mv1 – 2mv2 sin
rod of length ‘’. Its linear mass density
  v2 sin = v1/2
varies linearly with length as  = kx. The  tan = v1
position of centre of mass is given by– v12 1
square & add v 22 = +
2  3 2 4 4
(A) (B) (C) (D) from energy conservation
5 3 4 3
1 1 1
Sol.(D) m × 12 = (2m) v22 + mv12
2 2 2

CONSERVATION LAWS 99
  2 v 1  Sol.(D)
1 = 2  1   + v12 m v
 4 4 

u
1 1  
 v12 =  v1 =
3 3
1 1
But tan = v1 = Given  +  = 90º and e=
3 3
  = 30º
 component of velocity  to line of impact
 mu sin  = mv sin . remain unchanged
Q.15 A smooth sphere of mass m is moving on a
u sin  = v sin 
horizontal plane with a velocity (3î  ĵ) . It and v cos = e(u cos)
collides with a vertical wall which is parallel v sin  u sin 
=
 v cos  e(u cos  )
to the vector ĵ . If e = 1/2 then impulse ( J ) tan 
tan =  tan  = etan 
that acts on the sphere is– e
9  3  tan   tan 
(A)  mî (B)   î  ĵ   tan ( + ) = =  ( tan 90 = )
2  2  1  tan  tan 
i.e. 1 – tan  tan  = 0
3 3 1   tan  tan  = 1
(C) mĵ (D)  mĵ  mî 
2  2 2  etan2 = 1.
 1
Sol.(A) v = (3 î + ĵ )  tan2 = =3
e
vx = 3 î and vy = ĵ tan  = 3  = 60º
vx 1 Hence  = 30º
 e=
2 2
m
Q.17 A molecule of mass ‘m’ moving at a velocity
v, elastically impinges on the wall at an angle
Wall
vx  with the wall. Then –
(A) impulsive reaction of the wall is
2mvcos
Change in momentum
(B) impulsive reaction of the wall is 2mvsin
mv x
=– – mvx (C) impulsive reaction of the wall is nonzero
2
3 (D) given data is insufficient to calculate
=– mvx
2 impulsive reaction of the wall
3 9 Sol.(A)
=– m × 3 î = – m î
2 2
m v cos 
Impulse = change in momentum
9 v
 Impulse acting on sphere = – m î v sin 
2 

Q.16 The coefficient of restitution for a body is
v cos  m
e = 1/3. At what angle the body must be Wall
incident on a perfectly hard plane so that the v v sin 
angle between the direction before and after Change in momentum of molecule
the impact be at right angles- = mv cos – (– mv cos )
(A) 37º (B) 60º (C) 45º (D) 30º
= 2 mv cos 
CONSERVATION LAWS 10
10
 change in momentum of molecule Q.19 A uniform metallic spherical shell is
= Impulsive reaction of wall. suspended by threads. It has two holes A and
2m v cos  B at top and bottom respectively, as shown in
figure. Then-

Q.18 Two identical blocks having mass M each are Sand

smoothly conjugated and placed on a smooth A
horizontal floor as shown in figure. On left of
block A, there is a wall. A small block of
mass m is released from the position shown in
figure. Velocity of block B is maximum –
B
(A) If B is closed sand is poured A center of
m mass first rises and then falls
45º (B) If shell is completely filled with sand and
h
C B is opened, then centre of mass falls,
M M initially
A B
(C) If shell is slightly filled with sand and B
(A) when m is at highest position on B is opened, then centre of mass falls
(B) when m is at lowest position and moving (D) None of these
towards left Sol.(B)
(C) when m is at point C
Sand
m 2gh A
(D) is equal to
mM
Sol.(B)

m B
R
45º When shell is completely filled with sand and
h
B is opened, centre of mass falls initially.

M
A M B
Blocks A and B are smooth and are placed on
smooth horizontal floor. When block m is
released, there is no horizontal force. So
horizontal component of velocity of centre of
mass remains constant.
Q.20 Two masses m and 2m are attached to two
ends of an ideal spring and the spring is in the
compressed state. The energy of spring is 60
joule. If the spring is released, then-
m 2m

As there is wall on left of block A, it will not (A) the energy of both bodies will be same
move and block m will rise to height h in (B) energy of smaller body will be 10J
block B, while returning when it is at lowest (C) energy of smaller body will be 20J
point from energy conservation
(D) energy of smaller body will be 40 J
1 1 Sol.[D] Fest = 0
mgh = mv2 + Mv2
2 2
From momentum conservation
velocity of Block B will be maximum
towards right. P1 + P2 = 0
m1v1 + m2v2 = 0

CONSERVATION LAWS 11
11
 m1 v Sol.[A]
 2
m2 v1
v1
v2 2
= 30º
v1 1
2 v 30º
k1 1 m1 v1
= v2
k2 2 m2v22

1 2
2
1 v1cos 30º + v2 cos30º
=   =
2 1 2 momentum conservation along × dir P x = p'x
mv = mv1 cos 30º + mv2 cos 30º ......(i)
Q.21 A ball is dropped from a height h on the vertical component of momentum
ground. If the coefficient of restitution is e, conservation Q = m1v1 sin 30º = mv2 sin 30º
the height to which the ball goes up after it v1 / v2 = 1 so option (A) is correct
rebounds for the nth time is-
(A) he2n (B) hen One or more than one correct
Part-B
e2n
h answer type questions
(C) (D)
h e 2n
Q.23 A particle(A) of mass m1 elastically collides
Sol.[A] Velocity of ball when reach at ground
with another stationary particle (B) of mass
v1 = 2gh velocity after impact
m2. Then –
v2 = 2gh Relation between v2 & v1 m1 1
(A)  and the particles fly apart in the
m2 2
v2  0
e= opposite direction with equal velocities
v1  0
m1 1
(B)  and the particles fly apart in
2gh 1 h1 m2 3
e= = ; h 1 = e 2h
2gh h opposite direction with equal velocity
for n impacts it will in general form H = e2nh m1 2
(C)  and the collision angle between
m2 1
so correct option (A)
the particles 60º symmetrically
m 2
Q.22 A ball with velocity 9m/s collides with (D) 1  and the particles fly apart
m2 1
another similar stationary ball. After the
collision the two balls move in directions symmetrically at angle 90º
making an angle of 30º with the initial  m1  m 2 
Sol.(B,C) v1 =   u1 and v2 =
direction (Fig.). The ratio of the speeds of  m1  m 2 
balls after the collision will be-  2m1 
  u1.
 m1  m 2 
30º m 1
When 1 =  3m1 = m2
30º m2 3
 m1  3m1  u
v1 =   u1  v1 = 1
v1 v1  m1  3m1  2
(A) =1 (B) >1
v2 v2  2m1  u
and v2 =   u1 = 1
m
 1  3m1 2
v1 v1
(C) <1 (D) 1
v2 v2
CONSERVATION LAWS 12
12
 v1 = – v2 (Particles fly in opposite direction (C) Impulse received by M = m(5î  ĵ)
with equal velocities)
(D) Impulse received by M = m(5î  ˆj)
Q.24 A projectile is projected at a speed u at an Sol.(B,C) m = mass of particle
angle  with the horizontal. At the highest 
u = 3 î + 2 ĵ  ux = 3 î , uy = 2 ĵ
point projectile split into two fragments of

mass ratio 1 : 2. The smaller fragments v = – 2 î + ĵ  vx = –2 î , vy = ĵ
coming to rest. Then – change of momentum in x direction
(A) In a given time both parts will cover Px = m (–2 î – 3 î ) = m (–5 î )
Change of momentum in y-direction
equal vertical displacement
Py = m ( ĵ – 2 ĵ ) = m(– ĵ )
(B) The distance of heavier fragments from

the point of projection is 4R/3 where R is  P = Px î + Py ĵ
horizontal range = m (–5 î – ĵ ) = impulse received by m.
(C) The distance of heavier fragments from and impulse received by M will be equal and
the point of projection is 5R/4 opposite = m (5 î + ĵ ).
(D) Linear momentum is conserved only in Y
direction Q.26 A microscopic particle collides with another
Sol.(A,C) stationary microscopic particle of the same
At highest point projectile split in two parts mass. The angle of divergence is/are–
mass ratio 1 : 2.

Momentum conservation at highest point (A) Equals , when the collision is ideally
2 2
m u cos = 0 + mv cos  elastic
3
3 
 v= u (B) Less than , when the collision is
2 2
3 inelastic
horizontal velocity of fragment becomes u cos .
2 
u sin  u sin  3 (C) Always , independent of the nature of
R = × u cos  + × u cos  2
g g 2
collision
5 u 2 sin  cos 
R = 
2 g (D) Always less than and depends the
4
2u 2 sin  cos 
But R = collision
g
Sol.(A,B)
R 5 5
  =  R =   R  When a microscopic particle collides
R 4 4 elastically with another particle of same
 At highest point vertical component of mass at rest at a glancing angle, both
velocity is zero. Therefore both parts will
particles move at right angles to each
cover equal vertical displacements.
other.
Q.25 A particle of mass m moving with a velocity  If collision is inelastic, Then there is loss
in energy and angle of divergence will be
(3î  2 ĵ) m/s collides with stationary body of 
less than .
mass M and finally moves with velocity 2
(2î  ĵ) m/s. Then –
Q.27 A ball of radius r moving with a speed v
(A) Impulse received by m = m(5î  5 ĵ)
collides elastically with another identical
(B) Impulse received by m = m( 5î  ˆj)

CONSERVATION LAWS 13
13
 stationary ball. The impact parameter for the y
collision is b (see figure) – v1
x
b
1
x After Collision
v 2 2

1 v2
(A) After collision ball 1 will come to rest Momentum conservation in X-direction
and ball 2 will move with velocity mv = mv1 cos 1 + mv2 cos 2
 b  v1cos 1 = v – v2 cos 2
making an angle sin–1   below the x-
 2r  Momentum conservation in Y-direction.
axis O = v1 sin 1 – v2 sin 2
(B) After collision ball 1 will move with  v1sin 1 = v2 sin 2
some finite velocity making an angle cos– squaring and adding
 b  v12 = v2 + v22 – 2 v v cos 
1   above x-axis and ball 2 will from energy conservation
 2r 
1 1 1
move with some different making an mv2 = mv12 + mv22
2 2 2
 b 
angle sin–1   below the x-axis v2 = v12 + v22  v12 = v2 – v22
 2r  eliminating v12
(C) For perfectly elastic head on collision v2 – v22 = v2 + v22 – 2 vv2 cos 2
b = 0, and for perfectly elastic oblique
 v2 = v cos2 = v 1  sin 2  2
collision 0 < b < 2r
(D) The balls must scatter at right angles b2
Sol.(B,C,D) v2 = v 1
4r 2
x
b and v1 = v 2  v 22 = v 2  v 2 (1  b 2 / 4r 2 )
vb
v 2 v1 =
2r
Since v1 sin1 = v2 sin2
1 v2
 sin1 = sin2
v1
2
Before Collision
B b b2
sin2 = v 1
2r 4r 2 b
= ×
2r b 2r
v
2r

b2
sin1 = 1 = cos2
4r 2
 
sin1 = sin    2 
2 
 1 + 2 = /2
CONSERVATION LAWS 14
14
Q.28 Two equal sphere of mass m are in contact on 1 1 1 
Loss in K.E. = mu2 – 2  mv 2  mv 2 
a smooth horizontal table. A third identical 2  2 2 
sphere impinges symmetrically on them and 1
= mu2 – 2 mv2
reduces to rest. Then – 2
(A) Coefficient of restitution is e = 2/3 1 u2 1
= mu2 – 2m = mu2   .
1 2 3 6
(B) Loss of kinetic energy mu2 where u is
6
velocity before impact Q.29 A ball moving with a velocity v hits a
(C) After the collision, velocity of equal mass massive wall moving towards the ball with a
u velocity u. An elastic impact lasts for a time
sphere is
3 t. Then-
1 (A) The average elastic force acting on the
(D) Loss of kinetic energy mu2
3 m( u  v)
ball is
Sol.(A,B,C) t
(B) The average elastic force acting on the
C  = 30º 2m ( u  v)
ball is
t
 (C) The kinetic energy of the ball increases
A
 by 2mu(u + v)
(D) The kinetic energy of the ball remains the
B same after the collision
Sol.(B,C)
Ball A impinge on the other two along
u
common tangent of B and C. Ball A comes to
rest and B and C move away with same v
Massive Wall
velocity v along AB and AC m
from conservation of momentum.
mu = mv cos  + mv cos  rebound velocity of ball = – (v + 2u)
change in momentum of ball
u = 2 v cos    = 30º P = – m(v + 2u) – mv
= – 2m (v + u)
u= 3v ....(1) Hence average elastic force
from definition of e along AB or AC. 2m( v  u )
 acting an ball F =
v0 t
=–e
0  u cos 30  Increase in KE of ball
eu 3 1 1
 v = e u cos 30 = ....(2) K = m (v + 2u)2 – mv2
2 2 2
from (1) and (2) 1
= m [v2 + 4u2 + 4uv – v2]
e 3u 2
 v= and u = 3 v. 4mu
2 = (u + v) = 2 mu (u + v)
e 3  3v 2
v=
2
2 Q.30 A particle strikes a horizontal smooth floor
 e= .
3 with a velocity u making an angle  with the
u floor and rebounds with velocity v making an
and v = .
3 angle  with the floor. The coefficient of
CONSERVATION LAWS 15
15
 restitution between the particle and the floor
is e. Then-
(A) The impulse delivered by the floor to the
body is mu(1 + e) sin
(B) tan  = e tan 
A
(C) v = u 1  (1  e 2 ) sin 2  H
B
(D) The ratio of the final kinetic energy to the (A) If collision is perfectly elastic, ball B will
initial kinetic energy is cos  + e sin 
2 2 2
rise to a height H/4
Sol.(A,B,C,D) (B) If the collision is perfectly elastic ball A
m v sin  will rise to a height H/4
u cos v
u (C) If the collision is perfectly inelastic, the
u sin v cos combined mass will rise to a height H/16
m
(D) If the collision is perfectly inelastic, the
  combined mass will rise to a height H/4
u cos  = v cos  ....(1) Sol.(A,B,C)
v sin   0
=–e
 u sin   0 m1 =M
 e u sin  = v sin  ....(2) m2 = 3M
e tan  = tan  u1 = 2gH
Impulse imparted = change in momentum u2 = 0
= mv sin  – (–m u sin )
= me u sin  + mu sin  A
H
= mu (1 + e) sin  M B
square and add (1) and (2) 3M
v2(sin2  + cos2 ) = u2 (cos2 + e2sin2)
v2 = u2 (1 – sin2  + e2 sin2 ) For collision to be perfectly elastic
v2 = u2 (1 – (1 – e2) sin2 )  m1  m 2  2m1u1
2 2 v1 =   u1 and v2 =
v = u 1  (1  e ) sin   m1  m 2  m1  m 2
1
Initial KE = mv2 2Mu 1 u 2Mu 1 u
2 v1 = = – 1 and v2 = = 1
and v2 = u2 (cos2  + e2 sin2 ) 4M 2 4M 2
1
 Final KE = mu2 (cos2 + e2 sin2 ) 1 u2
2  (3M) v22 = (3M) g H1  1 = gH1
2 8
1
mu 2 (cos 2   e 2 sin 2 )
Final K.E. 2 2gH
= = gH1
Initial K.E. 1 8
mv 2
2
= cos2 + e2 sin2 H
 H1 = (Block B will rise to H/4)
 4
Q.31 Two small balls A and B of mass M and 3M
1 v12
hang from the ceiling by strings of equal length.  Mv12 = MgH2  = gH2
2 8
The ball A is drawn aside so that it is raised to a
height H. It is then released and collides with 2gH
= gH2
ball B. Select the correct answer (s). 8

H
 H2 = (Block A will rise to H/4)
4
CONSERVATION LAWS 16
16
 fro perfectly inelastic collision. you are to choose any one of the following
 from momentum conservation four responses.
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are true
u1
Mu1 = (M + 3M) v  v = and the Reason is correct explanation
4
of the Assertion.
combined block will rise to height H3
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true
1 but Reason is not correct explanation
(4M) v2 = (4M) g H3
2 of the Assertion.
 u 12  (C) If Assertion is true but the Reason is
1   = gH3
 16  false.
2   (D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.
2gH H
= gH3  H3 = . Q.33 Assertion : A uniform sphere is placed on a
32 16
smooth horizontal surface and horizontal
force F is applied on it at a distance h above
Q.32 Ball A of mass m strikes a stationary ball B of the surface. The acceleration of centre is
mass M and undergoes an elastic collision. independent of h.
After collision ball A has a speed one third of Reason : Acceleration depends only on force
M and mass.
its initial speed. The ratio of is –
m Sol.(B) Assertion and reason are true but reason is not
1 1 explanation.
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 4
4 2
Sol.(B) Q.34 Assertion : A body of mass m1 head on
m1 = m elastically collides with another stationary
u2 = 0
m u1 m2 = M body of mass m2. After the collision velocity
B u1 = u of mass m2 is maximum, when m1 << m2.
M u2 = 0
Reason : Velocity of second body is always
mM u maximum, when its mass m2 is greater than
 v1 =   u1 given v1 =
 mm  3 mass of the hitting body.
 m1  m 2   2m 2 
u mM Sol.(E) v1 =   u1 +   u2
=  u  m1  m 2   m1  m 2 
3 mM
2m 1 u 1  m  m1 
m + M = 3 (m – M) & v2 = +  2  u2
m1  m 2  m1  m 2 
m + M = 3 (m – M)
If m2 >> m1 and u2 = 0.
m + M = 3m – 3 M
u1
M 2 1 v1  – u1 and v2 
4M = 2m  = = m2
m 4 2
Assertion False, Reason false.

Part-C Assertion-Reason type questions

Q.35 Assertion : Two blocks of masses m1 and m2
The following questions consists of two are at rest. They are moving towards each
statements each, printed as Assertion and other under the mutual internal force. The
Reason. While answering these questions velocity of centre of mass is zero.

CONSERVATION LAWS 17
17
 Reason : If no external force act on the As man move upward centre of mass shifts
system, then velocity of centre of mass upward.
unchanged but can never be zero. Centre of mass accelerates under the action of
net force.
Sol.(C) When two blocks move towards, each other
under mutual internal force. Since no external
force. Part-D Column matching type questions
vCM = 0
Q.38 Two blocks A and B of mass m and 2m
 
m1 v1  m 2 v2 respectively are connected by a massless
=0
m1  m 2 spring of spring constant K. This system lies
over a smooth horizontal surface. At t = 0 the
Assertion true but reason false.
block A has velocity u towards right as shown
while the speed of block B is zero, and the
Q.36 Assertion : When a massive projectile length of spring is equal to its natural length
collides with a lighter stationary target then at that instant. In each situation of column-I,
maximum speed of target is twice that of certain statements are given and
projectile. corresponding results are given in column-II,
Reason : It is explained by the momentum Match the statements in column-I to the
corresponding results in column-II :
and energy conservation.
B K A
Sol.(A) v2 = 2u1 and v1 = u1 m 2m u
if m1 >> m2 smooth horizontal surface
 m 2  m1   2m1  Column I Column II
 v2 =   u2 +   u1
 m1  m 2   m1  m 2  (A) The velocity of (P) Can never be zero
= 0 + 2u1 block A
Both Assertion and reason true and reason is (B) The velocity of (Q) may be zero at
correct explanation. block B certain instants of
time
Q.37 Assertion : The centre of mass shift upwards,
(C) The kinetic energy (R) is minimum at
as man moves upwards. of system of two maximum compression
blocks of spring
(D) The potential energy (S) is maximum at
of spring maximum extension
of spring
Sol. (A) Velocity of block A  (P) can never be zero
M m (B) Velocity of block B  (Q) may be zero at
certain instunts of time
Reason : The centre of mass accelerates (C) K.E. of system of two blocks (P) & (R) can
never be zero and it is minimum at maximum
under the action of net force.
compression of spring
Sol.(A) (D) P.E. of spring (Q) & (S) may be zero at
certain instants of time and it is minimum at
maximum extension of spring.

Q.39 If the net force acting on a system is represented

 
by F and its momentum is p , then match the
m m
entries of column I with the entries of columnII.
Column I Column II
CONSERVATION LAWS 18
18
  
(A) If F is constant (P) p may change corresponding change in K
its direction (B) K is increased by 300 %, (Q) 200%
  corresponding change in p
(B) If F is changing in (Q) p must change
(C) p is increased by 1 %, (R) 0.5%
magnitude its magnitude
  corresponding change in K
(C) If F is changing in (R) p may not (D) K is increased by 1%, (S) 2%
direction change its corresponding change in p
direction (T) None
 
(D) If F is zero (S) p must not Sol. [A  P ; B  T ; C  S ; D  R]
change its direction P2 (3P) 2  P2 
(A) K = , K2 = ,= 9 
Sol. (A) If F = constant (P) & (Q) P may or may no 2m 2m  2m 
 
change but its magnitude must be change.
(B) If F is changing in magnitude (P), (Q), (R) (B) P = 2KM ; P' = 2(4K )M = 2 2KM = 2P
(C) If F is changing in distance (P), (Q)
% increase in P. Z 100 %
dp
(D) If F is zero s F = 0, =0
dt P2
(C) K = for small percentage changes %
So P should be remain constant (S) 2m
increase in K = 2 (% increase in KI = 0.5%)
Q.40 Match the following :
(p = momentum of particle, K = kinetic (D) P = 2KM = (2KM)1/2
energy of particle) 1
% increase in P = (% increase in KI =
Table-1 Table-2 2
(A) p is increased by 200 %, (P) 800 % 0.5%)

CONSERVATION LAWS 19
19
 EXERCISE # 3
Q.2 A square plate of edge a and a circular disc of
Part-A Subjective Type Questions diameter a are placed touching each other at
the midpoint of an edge of the plate as shown
Q.1 Find the centre of mass of a uniform disc of in figure. Locate the centre of mass of the
radius a from which a circular section of combination, assuming same mass per unit
radius b has been removed. The centre of the area for the two plates.
hole is at a distance c from the centre of the
disc.
Sol.
a a

O2 O O1 Sol.
x
a Y
c m2
m1
O1
Let the circular disc of radius a is made from O X

a circular section of radius b and remaining a a

part, and line joining O and O1 as x-axis. Let  = mass per unit area, same
The centre of mass of disc of radius a is O
 a2 
(origin) m1 =     , x1 = 0 (origin)
 4 
 
m1x1  m 2 x 2 a a
Xcm = m2 = a2 , x2 = + =a
m1  m 2 2 2
YCM = 0 and ZCM = 0
Since all points are on x-axis,
m1x1  m 2 x 2
YCM = 0, ZCM = 0 XCM =
m1  m 2
If  is mass per unit area. m1  0  a 2 a a
= =
m1 = b  and x1 = c
2 a 2 
  a 2 1
4 4
m2 = (a2 – b2)  and m1 + m2 = a2. 4a
m1x1  m 2 x 2 = (inside square plate from O)
0= 4
m1  m 2 (right to the centre of disc)
m2x2 = – m1x1 4a
m1
Ans.
x2 = – . x1 4
m2
Q.3 Determine the centre of gravity of a thin
b 2 
=– c homogeneous plate having the form of a
(a 2  b 2 ) rectangle with sides r and 2r from which a
 cb 2 semicircle with a radius r is cut out of figure.
x2 = centre of mass of remaining m A
a 2  b2
r
disc.
C
 cb 2
Ans. r
a 2  b2
B
CONSERVATION LAWS 20
20
Sol.  
m  1 1  1 1
A GMm   2
 = Mv + mvb
2
r R  h R  h  2 2
 2 
C
Since force between earth and block is
r internal, momentum is conserved
B m
Let M is the mass of remaining part. Mv = mvb  v = vb
M
 = mass per unit area. Putting the value in above equation
M 2M
= =  2 1  1 m
2r 2 r 2 ( 4  ) GMm    = M×( vb)2
2r   2R  h R  h  2 M
2
1
r 2 + mvb2
M1 = mass removed =  2
2
1 m 1
r 2 2M M = m× vb2 + mvb2
M1 = × 2 = 2 M 2
2 r ( 4  ) (4  )
 2R  2h  2R  h  1 v 2b 1
2r GMm   = m + mvb2
x 3  (2R  h )(R  h )  2 2 2
M M1
GMh 1 3 2
2r =  vb 
Centre of mass of removed part is at . 2R 2 2 2 
3
2r 2gh 2gh
 Mx = M1 vb2 = vb = Ans.
3 3 3
M 2r
Mx = ×
4 3 Q.5 A ball of mass m = 20 kg released from
2r height h = 10m falls on the Earth’s surface.
 x= Ans
3(4  ) Find the speed of the Earth when the ball
reaches on the Earth’s surface.
Q.4 A small block of super dense material has a Sol. m2 = 6 × 1024 kg mass of earth
mass of 3 x 1024 kg. It is situated at a height h
v1 when ball reaches earths surface = 2gh
(much smaller than the earth’s radius) from
where it falls on the earth’s surface. Find its = 2  9.8 10
speed when its height from the earths surface v1 = 196 = 14 m/s.
has reduced to h/2. The mass of the earth is
Since there is no external force velocity of
6 × 1024 kg.
centre must remain zero.
Sol. mass of earth M = 6 × 1024 kg.
mass of block m = 3 × 1024 kg.  
m1 v1  m 2 v2
m 1 =0
 = m1  m 2
M 2
v = velocity of earth, vb = velocity of block.  
m2 v2 = – m1 v1
Given h << R.
 Due to gravitational force of attraction 20 14
v2 = = 4.66 × 10–23 m/s
PE stored = KE of earth + KE of block 6  10 24
Ans. 4.66 × 10–23 m/s

CONSERVATION LAWS 21
21
Q.6 Two identical blocks A and B, each of mass
m = 2kg are connected to the ends of an ideal
spring having force constant K = 1000 Nm–1.
System of these blocks and spring is placed
on a rough floor. Co-efficient of friction
between blocks and floor is µ = 0.5. Block B
is pressed towards left so that spring gets
compressed.
A B
(a) Calculate initial minimum compression
x0 of spring such that block A leaves
contact with the wall when system is
released.
(b) If initial compression of spring is x = 2
x0, calculate velocity of centre of mass of
the system when block A just leaves
contact with the wall. (g = 10 ms–2)
Sol. (a) WFr + Ws = 0 .....(1)
and after elongation the expansion should be
f µmg
x1 = = m1  m 2
k k
1 1
 – µmg (x0 + x1) + kx02 – kx12 = 0
2 2
When block A loses contact with the wall, at
that instant, elongation of spring (from
natural length) is x' = 1 cm.
 At that instant energy stored in the spring is
1
U= K(x')2 = 0.05 joule
2
 Decrease in energy stored in the spring is
(U0 – U) = 1.75 joule
This energy is used in two ways
(i) To overcame frictional loss during motion of
block. But displacement of block B is
(2x0 + x') = 7 cm. Hence, energy lost against
friction is µmg (2x0 + x') = 0.7 joule
(ii) Remaining part (1.75 – 0.7 = 1.05 joule) is
stored in block B, in the form of kinetic
energy.
Let at that instant velocity of block B be v2,
1
mv22 = 1.05 joule
2
 v2 = 1.05 ms–1.
But at this instant velocity of block A is v1 = 0.
 Velocity of the centre of mass of the
m1 v1  m 2 v 2
system is v =
1
= 1.05 ms–1 = 0.51 ms–1 Ans.
2

µmg 1 1 µ2 m 2g 2
 –µmg (x0 + ) + kx02 – k Q.7 A block of mass m and a pan of equal mass
k 2 2 k2
are connected by a string going over a smooth
=0
light pulley as shown in figure. Initially the
3µ 2 m 2 g 2 system is at rest when a particle of mass m
 – – 2µmg x0 + kx02 = 0
k falls on the pan and strikes to it. If the particle
 k2x02 – 2µmg kx0 – 3µ2m2g2 = 0 strikes the pan with a speed v find the speed
2µmgk  4µ 2 m 2 g 2 k 2  12k 2 µ 2 m 2 g 2 with which the system moves just after the
x0=
2k 2 collision.
6µmg
 x0 = = 3 cm
2k
(b) If initial compression of spring is x = 2x0
m
= 6 cm, initial energy stored in spring is
1
U0 = K(2x0)2 = 1.80 joule m
2 m

Sol.

CONSERVATION LAWS 22
22
 mass kept at rest. (a) Find the maximum
possible loss in kinetic energy due to the
collision. (b) If the actual loss in kinetic
m energy is half of this maximum, find the
v coefficient of restitution.
m
Sol. Given m1 = m2 = 2kg
m v = 2 m/s, u2 = 0,
Let V is the required speed of system due to
Actual (k loss) = HALF, e = ?
sudden change in the speed of particle m,
tension will change during collision.  Energy loss is given as
Let N = magnitude of contact force between 1  m1m 2 
K =   (u1 – u2)2 (1 – e2)
Pan and particle. 2 m
 1  m 2
T = Tension in the string.
k when e = 0

Impulse Ndt = change in momentum of maximum loss.
particle 1  2 2  2
K =   2 = 2J
 Ndt = mv – mV ....(1) 2  22
Impulse gained by pan. k 1  m1m 2 
 = 1J =   (u1 – u2)2 (1 – e2)
 ( N  T) dt = mV ....(2) 2 2  m1  m 2 
1 = 2(1 – e2)
Impulse to the block  Tdt = mV ....(3)
1 1
 = 1 – e2  e2 =
By adding equations (2) and (3). 2 2

 (N  T)dt +  Tdt = 2mV and

1
e= Ans.
2
 Ndt = 2mV
Comparing with equation (1) Q.10 Consider a gravity-free hall in which an
2mV = mv – mV experimenter of mass 50 kg is resting on a
3mV = mv 5kg pillow, 8 ft above the floor of the hall. He
v pushes the pillow down so that it starts falling
 V= Ans.
3 at a speed of 8 ft/s. The pillow makes a
Q.8 A gun is mounted on a railroad car. The mass perfectly elastic collision with the floor,
of the car. the gun, the shells and the operator rebounds and reaches the experimenter’s
is 50m where m is the mass of one shell. If head. Find the time elapsed in the process.
the muzzle velocity of the shells is 200 m/s,. v1 ft/sec
What is the recoil speed of the car after the Sol.
second shot ? Neglect friction.
Sol. Since all the forces are internal,
 momentum conserved v2 = 8 ft/sec
Let v = speed of shell = 200 m/s.
V = recoil speed of gun. m1v1 = m2v2
After I shot  50 v1 = 5 × 8 v1 = 0.8 ft/sec.

mv + 50 m V = 0 Now dp – 2 × (df) = dM
After second shot
    v2t – 2 × 8 = v1 × t
m v – 50 m V = 49m V
  16 16
v = (50 + 49) V  t= = sec = 2.22 sec

v 2  v1 7 .2
v 200
V = = m/s.
50  49 50  49 Q.11 The blocks shown in figure have equal
Q.9 A block of mass 2.0 kg moving at 2.0 m/s
masses. The surface of A is smooth but that
collides head on with another block of equal
CONSERVATION LAWS 23
23
 of B has a friction coefficient of 0.10 with the
floor. Block A is moving at a speed of 10m/s
towards B which is kept at rest. Find the  
distance travelled by B if (a) the collision is m1
perfectly elastic and (b) the collision is
d m2
perfectly inelastic. Take g = 10 m/s2.
A 10 m/s B
Sol.
Sol.
m m
A 10 m/s B  
Collision
µ = 0.1 for Block B. g = 10 m/s 2 m1 completely
(a) When collision is perfectly elastic INELASTIC
velocity of B = 10 m/s after collision. d m2
KE of Block B = work done by frictional
force Velocity of m1 before collision v1 = 2gd
1
mv2 = mg s momentum conservation
2
m1v1 = (m1 + m2) V
v2 10  10
s= = = 50 m.
2g 2  0.1 10 m1v1
V=
(b) When collision is perfectly inelastic, the m1  m 2
two block will stick to each other and Energy conservation for combined block
move with combined velocity.
mv = (m + m) V 1
(m1 + m2) V2 = (m1 + m2) gh
v 2
V= = 5 m/s
2 m12 v12
Now KE of combined block (m + m) = work  = gh
done against frictional force, 2(m1  m 2 ) 2
Since one block B has friction and block A is
m12 2gd
smooth. = gh ( v12 = 2gd)
 ( 2 m )g 2(m1  m 2 ) 2
effective  f= frictional force
2 2
1 (2m)gs  m1 
therefore (2m) 52 =  h = d  
2 2  m1  m 2 
25 25
 s= = = 25 m
g 0.10  10
Q.13 A ball is projected with a velocity u at an
Ans. (a) 50 m (b) 25 m
angle of elevation  from a point distance d
from a smooth vertical wall in a plane
Q.12 Two pendulums each of length l are initially
perpendicular to it. After rebounding from
situated as in figure. The first pendulum is
the wall, it returns to the point of projection.
released and strikes the second. Assume that the
collision in completely inelastic and neglect the  1
Prove that u2 sin 2 = gd 1   , where e
mass of the strings and any frictional effects.  e
How high does the center of mass rise after the is coefficient of restitution.
collision ? Hence find the maximum distance d for
which the ball can return to point of
projection.
CONSERVATION LAWS 24
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Sol.

v
u sin

A B m M
 u cos

d C
When the ball strikes the wall its velocity is (i) time after which block B starts moving
u cos, at highest point component u sin =
downwards,
0.
u sin  (ii) maximum height reached by B and
t= (time taken in striking the wall) (iii) loss of mechanical energy upto that
g
instant.
u cos   u sin 
and d = u cos t = Sol.
g
u 2 sin  cos 
d= ....(1)
g
 After impact its rebound velocity = eu cos
 and it will take same time to reach point of
projection.
eu cos u sin 
 d = e u cos  t =
g 2kg A B 2kg
2
d u sin  cos 
or = ....(2) v = 9 m/s
e g C
Add (1) and (2) 1 kg
u 2 (2 sin  cos  ) d When C collides and sticks to B.
=d+ .
g e 1 × 9 = (1 + 2) v0  v0 = 3 m/s
 1 Now (B + C) move upwards, string slakens
 u2sin2 = gd 1  
 e and A moves downward.
(e  1) Downward displacement of A = upward displacement of B.
 u2 sin 2 = gd
e 1 2 1
gt1 = v0t1 – gt12
eu 2 sin 2 eu 2 2 2
 d= or d 
g (1  e) g (1  e) v0t1 = gt12  v0 = gt1  t1 = 0.3 s
if sin2 = 1, d will be max. displacement of each block
eu 2 1 2 1
d h1 = gt1 = × 10 × (0.3)2 = 0.45 m
g (1  e) 2 2
velocity of combined block v = 3 – gt1 = 0
Q.14 Two identical blocks A and B each of mass 2 and velocity of A = gt1 = 10 × 0.3 = 3m/s.
kg are hanging stationary by a light Due to difference in velocity of A = 3m/s and
inextensible flexible string, passing over a velocity of (B + C) = 0, an impulse is
light and frictionless pulley, as shown in developed in the string and equalies the
figure. A shell C, of mass 1 kg moving velocities, i.e. v
vertically upwards with velocity 9 ms–1 2 × 3 – 2v = (2 + 1) v
collides with block B and gets stuck to it.
 5v = 6, v = 1.2 m/s
Calculate
CONSERVATION LAWS 25
25
 now two combined body starts to move 100 kg v2
upward with velocity v = 1.2 m/s. m1 m2

 m 2  m1 
and its retardation a =   g. Let after the collision v1 = speed of m1
 m1  m 2  towards left and v2 speed of m2 towards right,
block m2 rebounds elastically and speed
 3 2 
a=   × 10 = 2 m/s2 reversed after collision with the wall.
 3 2  Now after collisions blocks have same speed
Let the combined body comes to rest after i.e. v1 = v2.
m2u2 = m1v1 – m2v2
v 1.2 m2u2 = (m1 – m2) v1
time t2  t2 = = = 0.6s
a 2 m2u 2
v1 =
Now combined body will move down ward m1  m 2
(i.e. after time t1 + t2 = 0.3 + 0.6 = 0.9 s) from energy conservation
1 1 1
(b)  Height reached by combined body in m2u22 = m1v12 + m2v12
2 2 2
t2 interval m2u22 = (m1 + m2) v12
1 m 22 u 22
h2 = vt2 – a t22 = 0.36 m m2u22 = (m1 + m2)
2 (m1  m 2 ) 2
max. height attained = h1 + h2 = 0.45 + 0.36 (m1 – m2)2 = (m1 + m2) m2
m12 + m22 – 2 m1 m2 = m1m2 + m22
= 0.81 m 3m1m2 = m12
1 1 3m2 = m1
(c) Energy loss : × 1 × 92 – (3) 32 = 27J
2 2 m1 100 m
m2 = kg = kg ; Ans. m2 = 1
loss in energy due to impulse 3 3 3

1 1 Q.16 (a) A body of mass (m1 + m2) is split into two

= × 2 × 32 – (2 + 3) (1.2)2 = 5.4 J parts of masses m1 and m2 by an internal
2 2
explosion which generates kinetic energy E.
Total Energy loss = 27 + 5.4 = 32.4 J Show that if after the explosion the parts
move in the same line as before, their relative
Q.15 A block of mass m1 = 100kg is at rest on a 2 E ( m1  m 2 )
speed is
very long frictionless table, one end of which m1 m 2
is terminated in a wall. Another block of mass Sol. m1v1 = m2v2 .......(1)
m2 is placed between the first block and the 1 1
m1v12 + m2v22 = E .......(2)
2 2
wall and set in motion to the left with
Now v1 + v2 = ?
constant speed v2, as in figure. Assuming that 2
 m1v1 
all collision are completely elastic, find the (1) (2)  m1v12 + m2   = 2E
value of m2 for which both blocks move with  m2 
the same velocity after m2 has collided once 2Em 2 2Em 2
 v1 = =
with m1 and once with the wall. The wall has (m1m 2  m12 ) m1 (m1  m 2 )
infinite mass effectively. 2Em1
 v2 =
m1 m 2 (m1  m 2 )
v2
m2 So v1 + v2 =
2E  m2 m1  2 E ( m1  m 2 )
  
m1  m 2  m1 m 2  m1 m 2
Sol.

CONSERVATION LAWS 26
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Q.17 A machine gun fires 50 gm bullets at a speed Q.19 A uniform circular disc has radius R. A
of 1000 m/s. The gunner, holding the
square portion of diagonal R is cut from it.
machine gun in his hands, can exert an
average force of 180 newton against the gun. Find the centre of mass of the remaining
Determine the maximum number of bullets he
portion from the center (O).
can fire per minute.
Sol. mass of bullet = 50 gram. y
speed of bullet = v = 1000 m/s.
recoil force = 180 N
F = n (mv)
x
F 180 O
n= = = 3.6 bullet/sec.
mv 0.050  1000
 no. of bullets per minute
3.6 × 60 = 216 bullets/min. Sol.
y
Q.18 Block A of mass M is moving with a speed of
v0 on a frictionless surface that ends in a wall
as shown in figure. Farther from the wall is a
more massive block B of mass M (>1), O1 x O2 x
initially at rest. The block A undergoes elastic R O
2 a=R
collision with the block B and the wall. If two
blocks undergoes only collision then find the  a= R
2
maximum value of .
A square plate of side a and diagonal R
Wall
removed from Disc.
v0 Let M = mass of remaining part.
A B
CM1 x O R/2 M1
Sol. M CM CM2
Let  = mass/area.
u2 = 0
u1 = v0
v0 M M M 2M
M = 2 2
= 2
= 2
R  a R R (2  1)
R 2 
From momentum conservation, 2
Mv0 = Mv1 + Mv2
v0 = v1 + v2 2M R2 M
 M1 = a2 = × = ]
 m1  m 2   M  M  R 2 (2  1) 2 2  1
But v1 =   u1 =   v0
 m1  m 2   M  M  R
 Mx = M1
1   2
or v1 =   v0
 1  
MlR R M
 2m1   2M   x= = ×
and v2 =   u1 =   v0 2M 2 (2  1)M
 m1  m 2   M  M 
R
 2  x=
v2 =   v0 4  
 1  
for collision to take place once distance x on negative side.
v1 = – v2
1  2
 =–  = 3.
1  1 

CONSERVATION LAWS 27
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 Part-B Passage based objective questions speed of the bob after first rebound
v1 = e 2g , v2 = e2 2g ....
Passage - (Q. 20 to 24) and vn = en 2g
Collision is the transfer of momentum due to 1 v2
 mvn2 = mgh  h = n
only the internal forces between the particles 2 2g
taking part is collision. When exchange of a n
e 2n (2g) 4
momentum takes place between two physical h= = e2n  =   
2g 5
bodies due to their mutual interactive force, it
If n is the angle after n collisions.
is defined a collision between two bodies.
h = (1 – cos n)
Two bodies move in different directions
n n
4 4
interact each other at the point of intersection    = (1 – cosn)    = (1 – cos n)
of their line of motion and the reaction due to 5
  5
their physical contact is the interaction force 1
for n to be less than 60º, cosn >
which is the cause of transfer of momentum 2
n n
from one body to another. Collision may be 4 1 5
   <    > 2  n = 3.1
either elastic or inelastic. In case of elastic 5 2 4
collision momentum and K.E. are both for integer whole number
n = 4.
conserved but in case of inelastic collision
only momentum is conserved and K.E. is not Q.21 Two particles having the position
conserved.  
r1  (3î  5ˆj) m and r2  (5î  3ˆj) m move
Q.20 A simple pendulum is suspended from a peg 
with velocities V1  (4î  3 ĵ) m / s and
on a vertical wall. The pendulum is pulled

away from the wall to a horizontal position V2  (aî  7 ĵ) m / s . If the particles collide,
and released. The ball hits the wall, the
then value of ‘a’ must be –
 2  (A) 8 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 2
coefficient of restitution being  e   .
 5

Sol.(A) r1 = 3 î + 5 ĵ , r 2 = – 5 î – 3 ĵ
The number of collision after which the
amplitude of oscillation becomes less than   
 r = r1 – r2 = (3 î + 5 ĵ ) – (–5 î – 3 ĵ )
60º is – 
(A) n = 3 (B) n = 2  r = (8 î + 8 ĵ )
(C) n = 5 (D) n = 4   
 v = v1 – v2 = (4 î + 3 ĵ ) – (a î + 7 ĵ )
Sol.(D) 
  v = (4 – a) î – 4 ĵ
 
n collision will occur if  r ×  v = 0
h = (– cosn)
=  (1 – cosn) î ĵ k̂
8 8 0  a = 8.
h (4  a )  4 0
2
Given e=
5 Q.22 A block of mass m is moved towards a
1 movable wedge of mass M = Km and height
mg = mv2
2 h with velocity u (All surfaces are smooth). If
v= 2g
CONSERVATION LAWS 28
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 the block just reaches the top of the wedge, Sol.(C) Let R be the radius of groove, distance
the value of u is – between A and B is equal to = R. sphere A
impinges an B, time taken
R
h t=
u
m u M = Km vel. of A before impact = u.
vel. of B before impact = 0.
2ghK Let v and v are velocities after impact
(A) 2gh (B)
1 K v – v = – e(u – 0) = – eu
Therefore vel. of B relative to A after first
2gh (1  K )  1
(C) (D) 2gh1   impact = eu.
K  K
Let the next impact take place after time t,
Sol.(C)
this is possible when B takes one round more
than A in time t.
h Hence distance travelled by B relative to A =
m u M = km
2R.
Re lative dis tan ce 2R 2t
t = = = .
relative vel. eu e
from momentum conservation
mu + M × 0 = (m + M) v 2t  R 
t =  t  
e  u 
 mu 
v=  
mM
Q.24 In Question 21, if the particles collides, then
from energy conservation, block m just
the position where collision occurs is –
reaches top of wedge.
1 1 (A) (î  ĵ) (B) (11 î  10 ˆj)
mu2 = (m + M) v2 + mgh
2 2 (C) (11 î  11ˆj) (D) ( 11 î  11ˆj )
2 2
m u    
mu2 = (m + M) + 2mgh Sol.(D) | r2  r1 | = | v 2  v1 | t
(m  M ) 2
 |– 8i – 8j| = |4i + 4j| t
mu 2
u2 – = 2gh  t = 2 sec
mM
So position where collision occurs.
 m  M
u2 1   = 2gh  u2 = 2gh  
 m M mM r1 + v1 t
mM  1 k  = (3 î + 5 ĵ ) + 4 t î + 3t ĵ
u= 2gh   = 2gh  
 M   k 
= 11 î + 11 ĵ

Q.23 Two equal spheres A and B lie on a smooth

horizontal circular groove at opposite ends of
a diameter. A is projected along the groove
and at the end of time “t” impinges on B. If e
is the coefficient of restitution, the second
impact will occur after a time –
(A) 2t (B) 2et
(C) 2t/e (D) 2t/e3
CONSERVATION LAWS 29
29
 EXERCISE # 4
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true
 Old IIT-JEE questions and Statement-2 is a correct explanation
Q.1 A particle is moving along x-axis under the for Statement-1
influence of a force F = kx. Potential energy (B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true but
at x = 0 is zero. Correct relation between Statement-2 is not a correct explanation
potential energy & x is shown by the curve for Statement-1
(K is positive constant) [IIT-2004] (C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
U U (D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
Sol.[D] Statement -1 is false.
X X Re lative velocity of separation after collision
(A) (B) e=
Re lative velocity of approach before collision
and e = 1, for elastic collision.
Statement II is correct.
U U

Q.3 Two balls, having linear momenta p1  pî
X X
(C) (D) 
and p 2  p î , undergo a collision in free
space. There is no external force acting on the
Sol.(A)  
balls. Let p'1 and p'2 be their final momenta.
U
The following option(s) is (are) NOT
ALLOWED for any non-zero value of p, a1,
X a2, b1, b2, c1 and c2. [IIT- 2008]
 
(A) p'1  a1î  b1 ĵ  c1k̂ ; p'2  a 2 î  b 2 ˆj
 
dU (B) p'1  c1k̂ ; p'2  c 2 k̂
Since F = –
dx  
F = kx (C) p'1  a1î  b1 ĵ  c1k̂ ; p'2  a 2 î  b 2 ĵ  c1k̂
dU = – Fdx  
(D) p'1  a1î  b1 ĵ ; p'2  a 2 î  b1 ĵ
u(x) x    
 dU = –  Fdx Sol.[A,D] p1 + p 2 = p1 + p 2 = pi – pi = 0
0 0
x
kx 2 Passage based questions (Q.4 to 6)
U(x) = –  kx dx  –
2 A small block of mass M moves on a
0
frictionless surface of an inclined plane, as
kx 2
 U(0) = 0, U(x) = – shown in figure. The angle of the incline
2
suddenly changes from 60º to 30º at point B.
Q.2 Statement-1 The block is initially at rest at A. Assume that
In an elastic collision between two bodies, collisions between the block and the incline
the relative speed of the bodies after are totally inelastic (g = 10 m/s2). [IIT-2008]
collision is equal to the relative speed before
the collision.
Statement -2
In a elastic collision, the linear momentum of
the system is conserved . [IIT-2007]
CONSERVATION LAWS 30
30
 A Sol.(C) If the collision between block and incline
M
perfectly elastic, then : velocity component
v perpendicular to the line of collision remains
60º B unchanged. Initially  component was zero.
Hence, zero.

30º Q.7 Two small particles of equal masses start

C
3m 3 3m moving in opposite directions from a point A
in a horizontal circular orbit. Their tangential
Q.4 The speed of the block at point B velocities are v and 2v, respectively, as
immediately after it strikes the second incline shown in the figure. Between collisions, the
is– particles move with constant speeds. After
(A) 60 m/s (B) 45 m/s making how many collisions, other than that
at A, these two particles will again reach the
(C) 30 m/s (D) 15 m/s
point A ? [IIT-2009]
AD
Sol.(B) = tan 60º v A
DB 2v
h1 = AD = DB tan 60 = 3 × 3 = 3 m.
Velocity of block when it reaches B
v = 2gh 1 = 2 10  3 = 60
But speed of block at point B, immediately
after it strikes B, is along BC is v1 = v cos30º
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
3
Therefore v1 = 60 × = 45 m/s. Sol.[C]
2
v
Q.5 The speed of the block at point C, 2v 2 v 1
1
immediately before the second incline is – 2 2
1
(A) 120 m/s (B) 105 m/s 2v 2v
v st nd rd
(C) 90 m/s (D) 75 m/s 1 2 3

BM
Sol.(B) = tan 30º Q.8 Look at the drawing given in the figure which
MC
1 has been drawn with ink of uniform line-
h2 = BM = MC tan 30 = 3 3 × = 3M.
3 thickness. The mass of ink used to draw each
vc2 = u2 + 2gh of the two inner circles, and each of the two
= 45 + 2 × 10 × 3 = 105 lines segments is m. The mass of the ink
vc = 105 m/s used to draw the outer circle is 6m. The
coordinates of the centres of the different
Q.6 If collision between the block and the incline
parts are : outer circle (0, 0), left inner circle
is completely elastic, then the vertical
(–a, a), right inner circle (a, a), vertical line
(upward) component of the velocity of the
(0, 0) and horizontal line (0, –a). The y-
block at point B, immediately after it strikes
coordinate of the centre of mass of the ink in
the second incline is –
this drawing is- [IIT-2009]
(A) 30 m/s (B) 15 m/s
(C) 0 (D) – 15 m/s

CONSERVATION LAWS 31
31
 v1 = 3 m/sec
v2 = 1 m/sec

Total momentum p system = 1 × v1 = 3 kg-
m/sec
Momentum of 5 kg = 5 × v2 = 5 kg-m/sec
1 3  5  0
a a a a vCM = = 0.5 m/sec
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6
10 8 12 3 1
kCM =  (M1  M 2 ) v 2CM = 0.75 joule
Sol.[A] 2
6m 1
ksystem = × 1 × 9 = 4.5 joule.
2
(–a, a) (a, a)

m
(0, 0) Q.10 A car P is moving with a uniform speed of
mm
m 5 3 m/s towards a carriage of mass 9 kg at
(0, –a)
rest kept on the rails at a point B as shown in
m (a )  m (a )  m (0 )  m (  a )  6 m ( 0 ) fig. The height AC is 120 m. Cannon balls of
ycm =
10m 1 kg are fired from the car with an initial
a velocity 100 m/s at an angle 30º with
= the horizontal. The first cannon ball hits
10
the stationary carriage after a time to and
sticks to it. Determine to. At to the second
Q.9 A Point mass 1 kg collides elastically with a
cannon ball is fired. Assume that the resistive
stationary point mass of 5 kg. After their
force between the rails and the carriage is
collision, the 1 kg mass reverses its direction
constant and ignore the vertical motion of the
and moves with a speed of 2 ms–1. Which of carriage throughout. If the second ball also
the following statement(s) is (are) correct for hits and sticks to the carriage, what will be
the system of these two masses ? [IIT-2010] the horizontal velocity of the carriage just
(A) Total momentum of the system is after the second impact – [IIT-2001]
3 kg ms–1
(B) Momentum of 5 kg mass after collision is
4 kg ms–1
(C) Kinetic energy of the centre of mass is C
P
0.75 J
(D) Total kinetic energy of the system is 4 J
Sol.[A,C]
A B
1kg 5kg 1kg 5kg Sol.
v1 2m/sec v2 u

Before collision After collision v1

C
P
Collision is elastic so 120 m
9 kg mass
v2 + 2 = v1 ......(i)
Conservation of momentum, A B
1 × v1 + 0 = – 2 × 1 + 5 × v2
....(ii)
Solving

CONSERVATION LAWS 32
32
 uy ball has a diameter very slightly less than d.
u = 100 m/s
All surfaces are frictionless. The ball is given
uy =u sin 30º a gentle push (towards the right in the figure).
= 50 m/s 30º The angle made by the radius vector of the
ux = u cos 30º = 50 3 m/s ball with the upward vertical is denoted by 
ax = 0, ay = – g = – 10 m/s2 (shown in the figure). [IIT- 2002]
vertical displacement of ball when it hits the
carriage = – 120 m.
1
y = uyt + ay t2
2 Sphere B
1 2 
– 120 = 50t – gt
2
d
 –120 = 50t – 5t2 O
t2 – 10t – 24 = 0 R
10  100  96
t=
2
 t = 12 s and t = – 2 s Sphere A
ignoring – ve value, t0 = 12 s.
(a) Express the total normal reaction force
when ball hits the carriage its ux = 50 3 m/s. exerted by the spheres on the ball as a
From momentum conservation
function of angle .
1 × 50 3 = (9 + 1) v2  v2 = 5 3 m/s
(b) Let NA and NE denote the magnitudes of
Second ball is fired at the time when first ball
the normal reaction forces on the ball
hits the carriage i.e. after 12 second.
during this interval (12 s) car P exerted by the spheres A and B,
will travel x = v1t = = 5 3 × 12 = 60 3 m respectively. Sketch the variations of NA
and NB as functions of cos in the range 0
We observe velocity of car P = 5 3 m/s
and velocity of carriage after first collision     by drawing two separate graphs in
are equal. v2 = 5 3 m/s your answer book, taking cos on the
 At the time of second collision horizontal axes.
ux = 50 3 m/s and v2 = 5 3 m/s Sol.
Let v be the velocity of carriage after second
collision, then from momentum conservation. N
h
1 × 50 3 + 10(5 3 ) = 11 v
Sphere B
11v = 100 3  v =
 
100 3 d
m/s mg B
11
100 3 A
Ans. t0 = 12 s and v = m/s.
11

Q.11 A spherical ball of mass m is kept at the  d

(a) h =  R   (1 – cos )
highest point in the space between two fixed,  2
concentric spheres A and B (see figure). The
velocity of ball at an angle 
smaller sphere A has a radius R and the space
between the two spheres has a width d. The
CONSERVATION LAWS 33
33
  d and is hinged to it at the point A so that it can
v2 = 2gh = 2g  R   (1 – cos )
 2 move without friction about the vertical axis

Let N be the normal reaction away from through A (see figure). The body is et into
rotational motion on the table about A with a
centre at an angle 
constant angular velocity . [IIT-2002]
mv 2 y
mg cos  – N =
 d
R   A
 2

m  d 
mg cos  – N = × 2g  R   (1 – cos )
 d  2
R  
 2

mg cos  – N = 2 mg (1 – cos )
 N = 3 mg cos  – 2 mg
B  C
N = mg (3 cos  – 2)
(a) Find the magnitude of the horizontal force
(b) Ball will lose contact with inner sphere when exerted by the hinge on the body.
N=0 (b) At time T, when the side BC is parallel to
i.e. 3cos = 2 the x-axis, a force F is applied on B along
BC (as shown). Obtain the x-component
2
 = cos–1   and the y-component of the force exerted
3
by the hinge on the body, immediately after
After this it makes contact with outer sphere
time T ?
and N reaction start acting towards centre.
Sol.
2 y
Thus for   cos–1  .
3
A x
NB = 0 and NA = mg (3 cos – 2) m

2
for   cos –1
 
3

NA = 0 and NB = mg (2 – 3 cos )
B C
NA NB
m  m
mg 5mg (a) acceleration of centre of mass
2mg 2 
ay = in y direction.
3
2/3 +1cos – 1 2/3
3m  2 
 Fy = 3m ay =
3
Q.12 Three particles A, B and C, each of mass m, = 3 m  ( ĵ ).
2

are connected to each other by three massless

rigid rods to form a rigid, equilateral (b) When force F applied along BC
triangular body of side . This body is placed A = F ×
3

2
on a horizontal frictionless table (x-y plane)
CONSERVATION LAWS 34
34
  I = 2m2 v2

 3F
 = A = for particle B & C
I 2  2m 2 
3F 
=
4m
 F
But ax =  =
3 4m
angular speed of particle about centre of
F
 Fx + 3max = 3m × v2 v
4m circle  = ,  = t,  = 2 t
R R
F velocity of particle at instant t
 Fx = – (along (– ve) x direction)
4 
VP = – v2 sin  î + v2 cos  ĵ
and Fy = 3 m . (along y-direction)
2
= – v2 sin t î + v2 cos t ĵ
Ans. (a) 3 m2 . ĵ Relative velocity of particle with respect to
F man
(b) Fx = – in (– î ) and Fy = 3 m2 ( ĵ )   
4 V pm = VP – V1
Hence Linear momentum of particle with
Q.13 As shown in figure a particle of mass m is respect to man

located at point (2R, 0). The particle starts
P = m [–v2 sin t î + (v2 cos t – v1) ĵ ]
moving in a circular path of radius R with
Ans. m [–v2 sin t î + (v2 cos t – v1) ĵ ]
constant speed v2 at time t = 0. A man located
at origin starts moving with a speed v1 along Q.14 A spring of natural length l0 is connected to
positive y-axis at the same instant as the masses m1 and m2. The spring is compressed
particle. Calculate the linear momentum of completely and tied by a string. This system
particle with-respect to the man as a function is moving with a velocity v0 along positive x-
of times. [IIT-2003] axis at time t = 0 this system passes through
y the origin at this position the string snaps at

v2 time t the equation showing the position of

v1 mass m1 is given by
R x1(t) = v0T – A(1 – cost). Find [IIT-2003]
x
(0, 0) m (i) The equation showing the position of the
(2R, 0)
particle m2 with time.

Sol. (ii) Natural length l0 in terms of A.

y Sol. (i) x1 = v0t – A(1 – cos t)
v2 m1x1  m 2 x 2
v1 xCM = = v0t
m1  m 2
R (m1  m 2 ) v 0 t – m1x1
X x2 =
(0, 0) m2
m
(2R, 0) m1v 0 t  m 2 v 0 t  m1v 0 t  m1A (1  cos t )
x2 =
m2
m1
x2 = v0t + A (1 – cos t)
m2
(ii) for separation between two blocks

CONSERVATION LAWS 35
35
 x2 – x1 = 0 when cos t = 0 Q.16 A ball of mass 0.2 kg rests on a vertical post
m1 of height 5m. A bullet of mass 0.01 kg,
0 = v0t + A – v0t + A
m2 traveling with a velocity V m/s in a horizontal
 m1  direction, hits the centre of the ball. After the
0 = A 1  
 m2  collision, the ball and bullet travel
m1 independently. The ball hits the ground at a
Ans. (i) x2 = v0t + A (1 – cos t)
m2 distance of 20m and the bullet at a distance of
 m1  100m from the foot of the post. The initial
(ii) 0 = A 1  
 m2  velocity V of the bullet is-
[IIT-2011]
Q.15 Three objects A, B and C are kept in a v m/s
straight line on a frictionless horizontal
surface. These have masses m, 2m and m,
respectively. The object A moves towards B
with a speed 9 m/s and makes an elastic
collision with it. Thereafter, B makes
0 20 100
completely inelastic collision with C. All
motions occur on the same straight line. Find (A) 250 m/s (B) 250 2 m/s
the final speed (in m/s) of the object C. (C) 400 m/s (D) 500 m/s
[IIT- 2009] Sol.[D]
m1 = 0.01 kg m2 = 0.2 kg
m 2 m
v
A B C 
9m/s
m 2m m H = 5m
A B C
 
v1 v2 Ball Bullet
Sol.
Collision between A and B, 20 m
m × 9 = mv1 + 2mv2 100 m
9 = v1 + 2v2 ....(1)
2H
( v 2  v1 ) T= = 1 sec
e=1= g
9
v2 – v1 = 9 ....(2) Let v1 & v2 be velocity of bullet & ball
respectively just after collision.
from (1) and (2)
v2 × 1 = 20  v2 = 20
v2 = 6 m/s
& v1 = 100
6m/s
From conservation of momentum
2m m
0.01 × v = (0.01 × 100) + (0.2 × 20)
B C 0.01 v = 1 + 4 = 5
2m × 6 = 3m × v3 5
v= = 500 m/sec.
v3 = 4 m/s 10 2

CONSERVATION LAWS 36
36
CONSERVATION LAWS 37
37
 EXERCISE # 5(ARCHIVES)
 Old IIT-JEE questions mv1 – mv2 = 2 mv

Q.1 A ball of mass 100 gm is projected vertically v1  v 2

 v=
2
upwards from the ground with a velocity of
49 m/sec. At the same time another identical 29.4  19.6
v= = v  4.9 m / s
2
ball is dropped from a height of 98m to fall
freely along the same path as that followed by Motion of combined mass. downward.
the first ball. After some time the two Let it take time t, to reach ground –
balls collide and stick together and finally fall –78.4 = 4.9 t1 – 4.9 t12
to the ground. Find the time of flight of the t12 – t – 16 = 0
masses. [IIT-1985] t1 = 4.53 s
Total time of flight = t + t1 = (2 + 4.53) s
= 6.53 s
C
Sol. 98 m

Q.2 A particle of mass 4m which is at rest

explodes into three fragments. Two of the
Let the balls collide at height h and time t. fragments each of mass m are found to move
v12 – u12= 2 a1s1 with a speed v each in mutually perpendicular
v12 – 4a2 = – 2 × 9.8 h directions. The total energy released in the
process of explosion is .............. [IIT-1987]
v12 = 2401 – 19.6 h ....(1)
Sol. mass 4 m divided as 4 m = m + m + 2m
and v22 = 2 × 9.8 × (98 – h)
4m = m + m + 2m
v22 = 19.6 (98 – h) ....(2)
from conservation of linear momentum
1
s1 = u1t1 + a1t2  
2 as P1 and P2 are perpendicular
h = 49t – 4.9 t2 ....(3)
  
98 – h = 4.9 t 2
....(4) P1 + P2 + P3 = 0

Adding (3) and (4).

P3 = P12  P22
98 = 49 t  t = 2 s.
P3 = 2 mv
and h = 98 – 49 t2
Total K.E. = k1 + k2 + k3
h = 98 – 4.9 × 4 = 78.4 m
From equation (1) P12 P2 P2
k= + 2 + 3
2m 2m 4m
v12 = 2401 – 19.6 × 78.4
v12 = 864.4  v1 = 29.4 m/s m2v2 m2v2 2m 2 v 2
k= + +
2m 2m 4m
from equation (2)
3
v22 = 19.6 (98 – 78.4) k= mv2.
2
v2 = 19.6 m/s
From conservation of momentum
CONSERVATION LAWS 38
38
Q.3 A bullet of mass M is fired with a velocity 5  9.8  32
cos =
50 m/s at an angle with the horizontal. At the 50  50
highest point of its trajectory, it collides head- cos = 0.79
on with a bob of mass 3M suspended by a  = 37º
R u 2 sin 2
massless string of length 10/3 metres and gets and =
2 2g
embedded in the bob. After the collision the
50  50  0.96
string moves through a angle of 120º. Find =
2  9.8
(i) the angle  = 122.6 m
(ii) the vertical and horizontal coordinates of u 2 sin 2 
H=
the initial position of the bob with respect 2g
to the point of firing of the bullet. 50  50  (0.60) 2
=
Take g = 10 m/s2 [IIT-1988] 2  9.8
= 46 m
Sol.
R Ans. (i) 37º (ii) (122.6 m, 46 m)
30º
A Q Q.4 An object of mass 5 kg is projected with a
y 10/3 m velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 60º to the
u cos  P horizontal. At the highest point of its path the
u
R  projectile explodes and breaks up into two
 , H  Given u = 50 m/s
2  fragments of masses 1kg and 4kg. The

x fragments separate horizontally after the
O
QR explosion. The explosion releases internal
From AQR sin 30º = .
AR energy such that the kinetic energy of the
1 QR
= system at the highest point is doubled.
2 10
3 Calculate the separation between the two
5 fragments when they reach the ground.
 QR =
3 [IIT-1990]
At highest point velocity of bullet = u cos.
from conservation of momentum Sol.
u cos 60º = 10 m/s
M u cos = (M + 3M) v u = 20 m/s
u cos 
v=
4
Energy conservation at P and R H
KE of bullet & mass at P = PE of bullet &
mass at R.
1 u 2 sin 2 
(4M) v2 = 4Mgh Max. height H =
2 2g
1 u 2 cos   10 5 
× 4M × = 4Mg    20  20  3
2 16  3 3 H= = 15.3 m
2  9.8  4
u 2 cos 2  At highest point projectile explode and breaks
 = 5g
32 in to two parts, separating horizontally.
5g  32 from conservation of linear momentum
cos2 = 4v1 – 1v2 = 5 × 10
42
4v1 – v2 = 50 ....(1)
KE at highest point initially
CONSERVATION LAWS 39
39
 1 centre of mass (cm, see figure) of the block B
= × 5 × 10 × 10 = 250 J
2 and perpendicular to its face with a speed v
KE after explosion = 2 × 250 = 500 J collides elastically with the block B at a
1 1
× 4v12 + × 1 × v22 = 500 height d above the table.
2 2
4v12 + v22 = 1000 ....(2)
from equation (1) and (2) A 2m

4v12 + (4v1 – 50)2 = 1000 m v B 4m

2d
2 2 d cm
4v1 + 16v1 + 2500 – 400 v1 = 1000
P 4d
20v12 – 400 v1 + 1500 = 0
v12 – 15 v1 – 5v1 + 75 = 0 (a) What is the minimum value of v (call it
vo) required to make the block A topple ?
 v1 = 15 m/s or v1 = 5 m/s
(b) If v = 2v0, find the distance (from the point
from (1) & (2) v2 = 10 m/s or – 30 m/s.
P in the figure) at which the mass m falls
Taking pair v1 = 15 m/s
on the table after collision. (gnore the role
and v2 = 10 m/s
of friction during the collision).[IIT-1991]
H = 15.3 m., time taken in reaching at ground Sol.
2Hg 2  15.3
t= = = 1.77 s
g 9 .8
A 2m
Horizontal distance x1 = 10 × 1.77 m v B 4m
Covered by mass m1 x1 = 17.7 m 2d
d cm
and Horizontal distance covered by m2 P 4d
x2 = 15 × 1.77
Between A & B friction zero
= 26.55 m.
B and table coeff. = 
Therefore separation between two masses
 When object m collides with B, block B
= x1 + x2
moves forward as a consequence block A
= 17.7 + 26.55
moves backward.
= 44.25 m
For toppling A, B must travel = 2d dist.
Ans. 44.25 m
frictional fore between B and table
f =  (6 mg)
Q.5 A block A of mass 2m is placed on another
So block B will move when it experience
block B of mass 4m which in turn is placed
on a fixed table. The two blocks have the force greater than (6  mg).
same length 4d and they are placed as shown work done in moving the block B by distance
in Fig. The coefficient of friction (both static 2d.
and kinetic) between the block B and the W = 6  mg × 2d = 12  mgd
table is . there is no friction between the two
Fro conservation of momentum
blocks. A small object of mass m moving
mv + 0 = mv1 + (4m) v2
horizontally along a line passing through the
v = v1 + 4v2
CONSERVATION LAWS 40
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 (After collision v1 = vel. of m. himself. In the frame of reference of the cart
v2 = vel. of B) the stone is thrown in Y-Z plane making an
from KE conservation angle of 30º with vertical Z-axis. At the
highest point of its trajectory, the Z-axis. At
1 1 1
mv2 = mv12 + (4m) v22 the highest point of its trajectory, the stone
2 2 2
hits an object of equal mass hung vertically
v2 = v12 + 4v22
from branch of a tree by means of a string of
2 3
Solving v2 = v and v1 = – v. length L. A completely inelastic collision
5 5
occurs, in which the stone gets embedded in
1
When v = v0, KE of Block B = (4m) v22 the object. Determine
2
(i) The speed of the combined mass
2  8m 2
(KE)B = 2m  v 02  = v0 immediately after the collision with
5  25
respect to an observer on the ground.
KE of Block B is just sufficient to move it by (ii) The length L of the string such that the
distance = 2d. tension in the string becomes zero when

8mv 02
the string becomes horizontal during the
Hence = W = 12  mgd. subsequent motion of the combined
25
mass. [IIT-1997]
5
 v0 = 6gd . Sol.
2
 3 
(b) Velocity of m after collision is   v  if L
 5 

 6  Z u = 6 m/s m m
v = 2v0, then its value =   v 0  . Since d is
 5 
30º
2d
height of m above P, time for fall t = ,
g
Y
O
during this interval it will cover horizontal
distance x from P.
X
6 2d 5
x=– v0 × but v0 = 6gd Ux = 4m/s
5 g 2
Uy = 6 sin 30º = 3 m/s
6 5 2d
x=– × 6gd  Uz = 6 cos 30º = 3 3 m/s
5 2 g
(i) When stone reaches highest point of its
x = – 6d 3
trajectory, its speed at highest point
5
Ans. v0 = 6gd and x = – 6d 3 . v= v 2x  v 2y  v 2z
2

v= 4 2  32  0 = 5 m/s
Q.6 A cart is moving along + X direction with a
velocity of 4 m/s. A person of the cart throws Since collision inealstic, after collision the
a stone with a velocity of 6 m/s relative to combined mass = m + m = 2m

CONSERVATION LAWS 41
41
 from momentum conservation certain height above the ground. It suddenly
v 5 explodes into two fragment of masses m/4
mv = 2m V V = =
2 2 and 3m/4. An instant later, the smaller
V = 2.5 m/s fragment is at y = +15 cm. The larger
fragment at this instant is at – [IIT- 1997]
(ii) When string becomes horizontal,
(A) y = –5cm (B) y = +20 cm
mv 2
i.e., T = (C) y = +5cm (D) y = –20 cm
L
Sol.(A) When projectile suddenly explodes, its
From conservation of energy
momentum is conserved.
Loss in KE = Gain in PE
m1v1 = – m2 v2
1
(2m) V2 = 2m gL m dx1 3m dx 2
2 =–
4 dt 4 dt
V2 (2.5) 2
L=
2g
=
2  9.8  dx1 = – 3  dx 2
.25 x1 = – 3x2
L= = 0.318 m
19.6 x1 15
 x2 = – =– =–5
Ans. V = 2.5 m/s and L = 0.318 m. 3 3

Q.7 A ball hits the floor and rebounds after an Q.9 A particle of mass M at rest decays into two
inelastic collision. In this case- [IIT-1986] particles of masses m1 and m2, having non-zero
(A) The momentum of the ball just after the velocities. The ratio of the de Broglie
collision is the same as that just before wavelengths of the particles 1/2 is –
the collision [IIT-1999]
(B) The mechanical energy of the ball (A) m1/m2 (B) m2/m1
remains the same in the collision (C) 1.0 (D) m2 m1
(C) The total momentum of the ball and the
Sol.(C) From conservation of linear momentum
earth is conserved
 
(D) The total energy of the ball and the earth P1 + P2 = 0
is conserved  
Sol.[C,D] P1 = – P2

When ball is hitting the floor and rebounding h

and de Broglie wavelength  =
and as collision is inelastic. P

 Total momentum of bal-earth system is 1

Hence 1 = 2 and = 1.0.
2
conserved.
 Total Energy of ball-earth system is
Q.10 Two blocks of maases 10 kg and 4 kg are
conserved.
connected by a spring of negligible mass and
placed on a frictionless horizontal surface. An
Q.8 An isolated particle of mass m is moving in
impulse gives a velocity of 14 m/s to the heavier
horizontal plane (x – y), along the x-axis, at a

CONSERVATION LAWS 42
42
 block in the direction of the lighter block. The
velocity of the centre of mass is- [IIT- 2002]
(A) 30 m/s (B) 20 m/s
(C) 10 m/s (D) 5 m/s
Sol.(C)
v1 = 14 m/s v2 = 0
m1 = 10 kg m2 = 4kg

Smooth
Surface
m1v1  m 2 v 2
VCM =
m1  m 2

10  14  4  0
= = 10 m/s
10  4

CONSERVATION LAWS 43
43