PROGRESSION

IIT-JEE Syllabus

1. Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions,

2. Sum of arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progression

 Infinite geometric series

4. Sum of the squares and cubes of the first 'n' natural numbers

Total No. of questions in Progression are:

Solved examples…....…………………………..…21
Exercise # 1 …….……………………………….…41
Exercise # 2 …….……………………………….…34
Exercise # 3 …….……………………………….…25
Exercise # 4 ……………………………………..…25
Exercise # 5 ……………………………………..…15
Total No. of questions………………..161

*** Students are advised to solve the questions of exercises in the same sequence or as
directed by the faculty members.

PROGRESSION 1
 EXERCISE # 1
Question b–a 2(c – a )
based on Arithmetic Progression d= ,n= +1
2 b–a
n  2 (c – a )  ( a  c )
Q.1 If the ratio of the sum of n terms of two AP’s is Sn = [a + c] =  1
2  b–a  2
2n : (n+1), then ratio of their 8th terms is-
(A) 15 : 8 (B) 8 : 13 c2 – a 2 ca
Sn = +
b–a 2
(C) n : ( n– 1) (D) 5 : 17
Sol. [A] Q.4 If a1, a2, a3, ..........is an A.P. such that a1 + a5 +
n
 Sn = [a + (n – 1) d] a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225 then a1 + a2 + a3 +
2
...... + a23 + a24 is equal to-
n
S n1 [2a 1  (n – 1)d1 ] (A) 909 (B) 75
2n
= 2 =
Sn 2 n n 1 (C) 750 (D) 900
[2b1  (n – 1)d 2 ]
2 Sol. [D]
(n – 1) We know that in an A.P. a1+ a24 = a5 + a20 + a10 +
a1  d1
2 2n a15 = a12 + a13
 = …(1)
(n – 1) n 1 So 3(a12 + a13) = 225  a12 + a13 = 75
b1  d2
2 Therefore
n –1 a1 + a2 + a3 + ………… + a23 + a24
For T8 we know = 7  n = 15
2 = 12 (a12 + a13) = 12 × 75 = 900
Put n = 15 in (1) we get
(T8 )1 30 15 Q.5 The sum of all even positive integers less then
= =
(T8 ) 2 16 8 200 which are not divisible by 6 is –
(A) 6534 (B) 6354
Q.2 The sum of n terms of an AP is 3n2 + 5n. The
(C) 6543 (D) 6454
number of term which equals 164 is-
Sol. [A]
(A) 13 (B) 21
all even integer less than 200 is
(C) 27 (D) None of these 2,4, 6, ………. 198  n = 99
Sol. [C] 99
Sn = 3n2 + 5n S99 = [2 + 198] = 9900
2
Tn = Sn – Sn–1
integer which are divisible by 6 is
= 3n2 + 5n – [3 (n – 1)2 + 5 (n – 1)] = 164 given
6, 12, 18, ……….. 198  n = 33
 6n – 2 = 164
33
 n = 27 S33 = [6 + 198] = 33 × 102 = 3366
2
Q.3 If a, b, c be the Ist, 3rd and nth terms Sum of all integer which are not divisible by 6 is
= 9900 – 3366 = 6534
respectively of an A.P., then sum to n terms is –
ca c2  a 2 c  a c2  a 2 Question
(A) + (B) – based on Arithmetic Mean
2 ba 2 ba
c  a c2  a 2 ca c2  a 2 Q.6 If x, y, z are in AP, a is AM between x and y
(C) + (D) +
2 ba 2 ba and b is AM between y and z; then AM
Sol. [A] between a and b will be-
Given A = a, a + 2d = b, a + (n – 1) d = c 1
(A) (x + y + z) (B) z
Solving these we get 3
(C) x (D) y
PROGRESSION 2
Sol. [D] Parts are 2, 4, 6, 8 or 8, 6, 4, 2
x y, z are in A.P.  x + z = 2y
xy yz Question
Given = a and =b based on Properties of A.P.
2 2
a  b x  2y  z 4y
 = = =y Q.10 If a2 (b+ c) , b2 (c+ a), c2 (a+ b) are in A.P.,
2 4 4
then-
Q.7 If n AM’s are inserted between 1 and 31 and (A) a,b,c are in A.P (B) ab + bc + ca = 0.
ratio of 7th and (n–1)th A.M. is 5 : 9, then n (C) a,b,c are in G.P (D) ab – bc – ca = 0
equals- Sol. [A,B]
(A) 12 (B) 13 (C) 14 (D) None a2(b + c), b2(c + a), c2(a + b) are in A.P.
Sol. [C]  b2(c + a) – a2 (b + c) = c2 (a + b) – b2 (c + a)
30  b2c – a2c + ab2 – a2b = ac2 – ab2 + bc2 – cb2
d=
n 1  c (b2 – a2) + ab (b –a) = a(c2 – b2) + bc (c – b)
30  (b – a) (ab + bc + ca) = (c – b) (ab + bc + ca)
1 7
1  7d 5 n 1 = 5  (ab + bc + ca) (b – a – c + b) = 0
 = 
1  (n – 1)d 9 30 9  ab + bc + ca = 0 or 2b = a + c
1  (n – 1)
n 1 option A, B are correct.
Solving we get
146 n = 2044  n = 14
Q.11 The sum of the series
Question 1.32 + 2. 52 + 3.72+.... upto 20 terms is-
based on Supposition of terms in A.P.
(A) 188090 (B) 180890
(C) 189820 (D) None of these
Q.8 If the angles of a quadrilateral are in A.P. Sol. [A]
whose common difference is 10º, then the 1.32 + 2.52 + 3.72 + ……. upto 20 terms
angles of the quadrilateral are- 20 20

(A) 65º, 85º, 95º, 105º (B) 75º, 85º, 95º, 105º = 
r 1
n (2n  1) 2 =  ( 4n
r 1
3
 4n 2  n )
(C) 65º, 75º, 85º, 95º (D) 65º, 95º, 105º, 115º
20 20 20
Sol. [B]
Let angles are a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d given that d
=4 r 1
n3  4 
r 1
n2 + n
r 1
= 10 and Sum of angles = 360º 2
 20  21   20  21 41  20 21
 4a + 60 = 360  a = 75º =4   =4   +
 2   6  2
angles are 75º, 85º, 95º, 105º
= (420)2 + 11480 + 210 = 188090
Q.9 Divide 20 into four parts which are in A.P.,
such that the product of the first and fourth is to Q.12 The sum to infinity of the series
the product of the second and third is 2 : 3 - 1 1 1 1
+ + + + .......is-
(A) 2, 4, 6, 8 (B) 3, 5, 7, 9 2.4 4.6 6.8 8.10
(C) 4, 6, 8, 10 (D) None of these (A) 1/4 (B) 1/8 (C) 1/2 (D) 1/16
Sol. [A] Sol. [A]
Let parts are 1 1 1 1
a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d + + + = ……..
2.4 4.6 6 .8 8.10
then from question

1
 2n(2n  2)
a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 20
=
 4a = 20  a=5
r 1
a 2 – 9d 22  
and 2 = 1 1 1 1 1 
a – d2 3 =
4  =
n (n  1) 4   n – n  1 
 3 (25 – 9d)2 = 2 (25 – d2) r 1 r 1
 d2 = 1  d = ± 1

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 3
 1  1 1 1 1 1  1 Tn 512
= 1 –  –  –  .......... = 5th term from end is = = = 25 = 32
4  2 2 3 3 4  4 r 5 –1 24

Q.16 If the sum of an infinite G.P. be 3 and the sum

Question
Geometric Progression of the squares of its term is also 3, then its first
based on
term and common ratio are-
Q.13 A GP consists of an even number of terms. If (A) 3/2, 1/2 (B) 1/2, 3/2
the sum of all the terms is 5 times the sum of (C) 1, 1/2 (D) None of these
the terms occupying odd places, the common Sol. [A]
ratio will be equal to- G.P. is a, ar, ar2 …………..
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 a
S = = 3 given …(1)
Sol. [C] 1– r
Let G.P. is a, ar, ar2, ……. ar2n–1 Sum of square at its term is

a (1 – r 2 n ) a2
Sum = = S1 = = 3 given …(2)
1– r 1– r2
terms occupying odd places is From (1) and (2)
9 (1 – r)2 = 3 (1 – r2)
a, ar2, ar4 …….
1
a (1 – r 2 n )  3(1 – r) = (1 + r)  4r = 2  r =
Sum = = S2 2
1– r2
 1 3
Given S1 = 5S2  a = 3 (1 – r) = 3 1 –  =
 2 2
a (1 – r 2 n ) 5a (1 – r 2 n )
= 3 1
1– r 1– r2 a= ,r=
2 2
1+r=5r=4
1 1 1 1
Q.14 If in a geometric progression {an},a1= 3, an= 96 Q.17 Sum + + + + .... to =
5 7 52 7 2
and Sn = 189, then the value of n is- (A) 5/12 (B) 3/4 (C) 7/12 (D) 3/49
(A) 5 (B) 6 Sol. [A]
(C) 7 (D) 8 1 1 1 1
+ + 2 + 2 + …….. 
5 7 5 7
a 1 (1 – r n )
Sol. a1 = 3, a1rn–1 = 96, = 189
1– r 1 1  1 1 
=   2  .........  +   2  ........... 
1– r n 5 5  7 7 
 rn–1 = 32 and = 63
1– r 1  1 1 
= 1   2  ......... 
1 – 32r 5  5 5 
 = 63  r = 2
1– r 1  1 1 
+ 1    ......... 
 2n–1 = 25  n = 6 7  7 72 
   
Q.15 In any G.P. the first term is 2 and last term is 1  1  1  1 
 
512 and common ratio is 2, then 5th term from = +
1
5 1–  7 1– 1 
end is-    
 5  7
(A) 16 (B) 32 1 1 5
(C) 64 (D) None of these = + =
4 6 12
Sol. [B]
a = 2, arn–1 = 512, r = 2

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Q.18 The sum of infinite number of terms of a 7  1  7  1 
= 90 – 1  10  = 89  10 
decreasing G.P. is 4 and the sum of the squares 81  10  81  10 
16
of its terms to infinity is, then the G.P is – Q.20 If 0 < x, y, a, b < 1, then the sum of the infinite
3
(A) 2, 1, 1/2, 1/4,…. (B)1/2, 1/4, 1/8,…… terms of the series x( a+ x) +
(C) 2, 4, 8, …. (D) None of these x ( ab + xy ) + x (b a + y x )+…. is-
Sol. [A]
Let G.P. is a, ar, ar2 ……….. ax x x x
(A) + (B) +
a 1 b 1 y 1 b 1 y
Sum of its term = =4 …(1)
1– r x x ax x
sum of square of its term (C) + (D) +
1 b 1 y 1 b 1 y
2
a 16 Sol. [D]
= 2
= …(2)
1– r 3 We can break in to two series of given series as
from (1) and (2) follows
2
16(1 – r ) 16 ( ax + axb + b ax + …… )
2
=
1– r 3
+ (x + x y + xy + ……. )
1
 3 (1 – r) = 1 + r  r =
2 = ax (1 + b + b + ………. ) + x (1 + y +
 1 y + ……. )
From (1) a = 4 1 –  = 2
 2
ax x
1 1 = +
G.P. is 2, 1, ¸ ¸………. 1– b 1– y
2 4
Q.21 The sum to n terms of the series
Q.19 The sum of 10 terms of the series
2 8 26 80
.7 + .77 + .777 + ...is-     ... is equal to-
3 9 27 81
7  1  7  1 
(A)  89  10  (B)  89  10  1
9  10  81  10  (A) 1 – (1/3)n (B) 2 – (2/3)n
2
7  1  (C) n – n(1/3)n (D) None of these
(C)  89  9  (D) None of these
81  10  Sol. [D]
Sol. [B] 2 8 26 80
    ... up to terms
7 77 777 3 9 27 81
= + + + ……. 10 terms
10 100 1000  1  1  1   1
 1   + 1   + 1   + 1  
7  9 99 999   3   9   27   81 
=    ........
9 10 100 1000  +……..…n terms
7  1 1 1  1 1 1
= 1 – 1– 1–  ......... (1 + 1 + 1 + ... n terms) – ( + +
9  10 100 1000  3 9 27
+ ……… n terms)
7  1 1 1 
10 –   2  3  ..........10 terms  1   1  
= n
9   10 10 10  1   
3 3 
 

7 
1
10

1 – 1 / 10 10  =n –
1
1
= 10 –  3
9  1 
1– 1  1 
 10  = n– 1   Ans.
2  3n 
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 5
 1
Question  b 3
based on Geometric Mean and r =  
a
1
2/3
Q.22 The product of three geometric means between  b 3 b
 p = ar = a   and q = a  
4 and 1/4 will be - a a
(A) 4 (B) 2
p2 q2 a 2r 2 a 2r 4
(C) – 1 (D) 1 then + = +
q p ar 2 ar
Sol. [D]
= a + ar3
Three G.M. be inserted between 2 and 32
1 =a+b
 32  4 b
So r =   = (24)1/4 = 2  r3 =
 2  a
Third geometric mean = ar3 = 2.23 = 16 = 2A
Q.23 If the A.M. is twice the G.M. of the numbers a
Question
and b, then a : b will be- based on Supposition of terms in G.P.
32 2 3
(A) (B) Q.25 If the product of three numbers in GP is 3375
32 2 3
and their sum is 65, then the smallest of these
32
(C) (D) None of these numbers is-
32 (A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 6
Sol. [B] Sol. [B]
Given that
a
ab Let numbers are , a, ar
= 2 ab  a2 + b2 + 2ab = 16 ab r
2
a
a b then . a. ar = 3375  a3 = 3375
 a2 + b2 = 14 ab  + – 14 = 0 r
b a
 a = 15
a
Let = t t2 – 14 t + 1 = 0 a
b and + a + ar = 65
r
14  196 – 4
t= =7+4 3  15r2 + 15r – 65r + 15 = 0
2
 15r2 – 50 r + 15 = 0
a 2– 3
 = (2 + 3 )2 = (2 + 3 )2   1
b 2– 3  3r2 – 10r + 3 = 0  r = 3,
  3
a 2 3 Numbers are 5, 15, 45
 =
b 2– 3 Smallest number is 5

Q.24 If one A.M. A and two G.M.’s p and q be Q.26 Three numbers whose sum is 15 are in A.P. If
inserted between two given numbers, then 1,4,19 be added to them respectively the
p2 q2 resulting numbers are in G.P. Then the numbers
+ = are-
q p
(A) 2, 5 , 8 (B) 26, 5, – 16
(A) A (B) 2A (C) A/2 (D) A2
(C) 36, 5, –16 (D) None of these
Sol. [B]
Sol. [A,B]
Let numbers are a and b
Let three numbers are
ab
then A = a – d, a, a + d  a – d + a + a + d = 15  a = 5
2
Numbers are 5 – d, 5, 5 + d

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 from question Sol. [B]
 6 – d, 9, 24 + d are in G.P.  81 = (6 – d) (24 + d)  a, b, c, d are in G.P.
 d2 + 18d – 63 = 0  d = – 21, d = 3
 ad = bc and b2 = ac and c2 = bd
Numbers are 2, 5, 8 or 26, 5, – 16
 b2 + c2 = ac + bd
Q.27 Four numbers are such that the first three are in  (b + c)2 = ac + bd + 2bc
A.P. while the last three are in G.P. If the first  (b + c)2 = ac + bd + bc + ad [ ad = bc]
number is 6 and common ratio of G.P. is 1/2,  (b + c)2 = (a + b) (c + d)
then the numbers are -  (a + b), (b + c), (c + d) are in G.P.
(A) 6, 8, 4, 2 (B) 6, 10, 14, 7
•• •
(C) 6, 9, 12, 6 (D) 6, 4, 2, 1 Q.30 The fractional value of 0.1 2 5 is-
Sol. [D] (A) 125/999 (B) 23/990
a, b, c, d are four numbers (C) 61/550 (D) None of these
a, b, c, are in A.P.  2b = a + c Sol. [A]
b, c, d, are in G.P.  c2 = bd •• •
c d Fractional value of 0.1 2 5 is
 = =
b c 125
=
1 999
2
Q.31 If a, b, c are in G.P. then-
a = 6 and r = 1/2  b = 2c
 1 1 1 
4c – c = a (A) a2b2c2  3  3  3  = a3 + b3 + c3
a b c 
3c = a
(B) (a2 – b2) (b2 + c2) = (b2 – c2) (a2+b2)
a 6
 c= = =2  1 1 1 
3 3 (C) a2b2c2  3 – 3 – 3  = a3 + b3 + c3
c 2 a b c 
b = 4 d= = =1
2 2 (D) (a2 + b2) (b2 + c2) = (b2 + c2) (a2+b2)
a = 6, b = 4, c = 2, d = 1 Sol. [A,B]
6, 4, 2, 1 Ans.  1 1 1 
 a 2b 2c 2  3  3  3 
a b c 
Question
based on Properties of G.P.
b 2c 2 a 2c 2 a 2b 2
= + +
a b c
Q.28 If x, y, z are in G.P. then x2 + y2, xy + yz,
 c2 a 2  2 2
y2 + z2 are in- = b2    + a c
 a c  b
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. 
(C) H.P. (D) None of these b 2 (c 3  a 3 ) b4
= + [ b2 = ac] = a3 + b 3 + c 3
Sol. [B] b 2 b
Let x2 + y2, xy + yz, y2 + z2 are in G.P.
Again (a2 – b2) (b2 + c2)
Then (xy + yz)2 = (x2 + y2) (y2 + z2)
= a 2b 2 + a 2c 2 – b 4 – b 2c 2
 x2y2 + y2z2 + 2xy2z = x2y2 + y2z2 + y4 + x2z2
= a2b2 + b4 – a2c2 – b2c2 [ b2 = ac]
 y4 + y2z2 – 2xy2z = 0
 y2 = xz  x, y, z are in G.P. given  = b2 (a2 + b2) – c2 (a2 + b2)
= (b2 – c2) (a2 + b2)
Q.29 If a, b, c, d are in G.P. then a + b, b + c, c + d are in-
option A, B are correct.
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P. (D) None of these

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 7
 Question Question
based on Arithmetico Geometric Progression based on Harmonic Progression

Q.32 Sum to infinite of the series Q.34 If fourth term of an HP is 3/5 and its 8th term is
2 3 4 1/3, then its first term is-
1+ + 2 + 3 + .... is-
5 5 5 (A) 2/3 (B) 3/2
(A) 5/4 (B) 6/5 (C) 1/4 (D) None of these
(C) 25/16 (D) 16/9 Sol. [B]
Sol. [C] From A.P.
2 3 4 5
1+ + 2 + 3 + ………… a + 3d =
5 5 5 3
a dr and a + 7d = 3
S = +
1 – r (1 – r ) 2 1 2
Solving we get d = ,a=
3 3
1
1. 3
1 5 5 5 25
= + = + = Then first term of H.P. =
1  1
2 4 16 16 2
1– 1 – 
5
 5 Q.35 If first and second terms of a HP are a and b,
then its nth term will be-
Q.33 The sum of the infinite series
ab ab
1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9 (A) (B)
 2  3  4 + …  is- b  (n  1) ab b  (n  1) (a  b)
2 2 2 2
ab
(A) 23 (B) 32 (C) (D) None of these
b  (n  1) (a  b)
(C) 36 (D) None of these
Sol. [C]
1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9
Sol. S=  2  3  4 +… 1
2 2 2 2 Ist term of A.P. =
a
S 1.3 3.5
  3 + …… 1
2 22 2 2nd term of A.P. =
b
S 1.3 3.4 5.4
  2  3 + …… 1 a –b
2 2 2 2 Tn = + (n – 1)  
a  ab 
3 5 7 
S = 1.3 + 4   2  3  ......  b  (n – 1)(a – b)
2
2 2
  =
S1 ab

3 5 ab
S1 =   …… nth term of H.P. =
2 22 b  (n – 1)(a – b)

S1 3
 + …… Q.36 If a, b, c be in A.P. and b, c, d be in H.P., then
2 22
3 1 1 (A) ad = bc (B) a + d = b + c
S1 3 2 2 
    +…=    2  ......  (C) ac = bd (D) None of these
2 2 2 2 23 2 2 2 
Sol. [A]
S1 3 1 / 2 3 5
   1  a, b, c are in A.P.
2 2 1 1 2 2
2  2b = a + c …(1)
S1 = 5 b, c, d are in H.P.
S = 1 × 3 + 4 × 5 = 23 2bd
c= …(2)
bd

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 8
 from (1) and (2) we have a, b, c, are in G.P.
( a  c) d  log10 a, log10b, log10c are in A.P.
c=
bd
1 1 1
 bc + cd = ad + cd  bc = ad  ¸ , are in H.P.
log10 a log10 b log10 c
Q.37 If 2 (y – a) is the H.M. between y – x and y – z
then x – a, y –a, z – a are in-  loga10, logb10, logc10, logc10 are in H.P.
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P (D) None of these Question
Relation between A.M., G.M., H.M.
based on
Sol. [B]
2( y – x )( y – z)
2 (y – a) = Q.40 Let an = product of the first n natural numbers.
y–xy–z
Then for all n  N -
Solving we get n
y2 – 2ay = xz – ax – az  n  1
(A) nn  an (B)   n !
 (y – a)2 = xz – ax – az + a2  2 
= x (z – a) – a (z – a) (C) nn  an+1 (D) None of these
 (y – a)2 = (x – a) (z – a) Sol. [A,B]
 (x – a), (y – a), (z – a) are in G.P.
Q.41 If a, b, c, d are four positive numbers then-
n 1 n 1
a b a b c d a
Q.38 If is H.M. between a and b, then (A)        4.
a  bn n
b c d e e
value of n is-
a c b d a
(A) 1 (B) –1 (B)        4.
b d  c e  e
(C) 2 (D) –2
Sol. [B] a b c d e
(C)     5
b c d e a
2ab 2
H.M = = –1 b c d e a 1
ab a  b –1 (D)     
a b c d e 5
Clearly n = – 1.
a b a
Sol.[B,C]  2 [AM  GM]
b c c
Q.39 If a, b, c are in geometric series, then c d c
 2 [AM  GM]
loga10, logb10, logc10 are in- d e e
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. a b  c d a c a
(C) H.P. (D) None of these multiply        4  4
b cd e c e e
Sol. [C]

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 9
 EXERCISE # 2
Sol. [C]
Only single correct answer type 2, 5, 8, 11, …to 60 terms  2, 5, 8, 11, …. 179.
Part-A
questions 3, 5, 7, …. to 50 terms  3, 5, 7, … 101.
Since the L.C.M. of the common differences of
Q.1 If 9 A.M.’s and H.M.’s are inserted between two Ap's is 6 therefore, we get a common term
the 2 and 3 and if the harmonic mean H is on adding 6 to the previous common term. Here
5 is the first common term which is followed by
corresponding to arithmetic mean A, then
11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 77, 83,
6 89, 95, 101.
A+ equal to-
H Hence total Identical terms = 17 Ans.
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6 Q.4 If pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are in G.P.,
Sol. [C] then the common ratio of G.P. is-
23 5 qr rq
A= = (A) (B)
2 2 pq pq
2.2.3 12
H= = qr qp
23 5 (C) (D)
qp qr
6 5 5
A+ = + =5 Sol. [A]
H 2 2
Tp. Tq, Tr are in G.P.
Q.2 The sum of n terms of an A.P. is an (n – 1). Tq T
 = r = R (common ratio)
The sum of the squares of these terms is- Tp Tq
(A) a2 n2 (n – 1)2 a  q  1d a  r  1d
 = =R
a2 a  p  1d a  q  1d
(B) n (n – 1) (2n – 1)
6 dq  1  r  1
 =R
2a 2 dp  1  q  1
(C) n (n – 1) (2n – 1)
3 qr
 =R
pq
2a 2
(D) n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
3 qr
Common ratio = Ans.
Sol. [C] pq
Sn = an (n – 1) Tn = Sn – Sn – 1
Q.5 If the roots of cubic equation ax3 + bx2 + cx + d =
Tn = a (n – 1) {n – n + 2} Tn = 2a (n – 1)
(Tn)2 = [2a (n – 1)]2 = 4a2 (n – 1)2 0 are in G.P., then-
(Tn)2 = 4a2 n2 – 8a2 n + 4a2 (A) c3a = b3d (B) ca3 = bd3
  Tn2 = 4a2 n2 – 8a2 n + 4a2 1 (C) a3b = c3d (D) ab3 = cd3
n n  12n  1 n n  1 Sol. [A]
= 4a2 – 8a2 + 4a2n
6 2 Let roots are  which are in G.P.
 n  12n  1 
= 4a2 n   n  1  1  2 = 
 6  b
 =
2a 2 n 2a 2 n a
= (2n2 – 3n + 1) = (n – 1) (2n – 1)
3 3 d
 =
a
Q.3 In the following two A.P.'s how many terms
d
are identical? 2, 5, 8, 11.... to 60 terms; 3, 5,  =
a
7, .. 50 terms  is roots of ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 17 (D) 18 a b + c+ d = 0
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 10
  d  d
2/3
 d
1/ 3 1 1 1
a   + b  + c  +d=0 1+    ...
2 4 8
 a   a   a 
2/3 1/ 3 1
d d S= =2
b   = c  1
a a 1
2
d2 d   1 n 
b3 = c3
a 2 a 11    
 2 
b3 d = c3a Sn =   = 2 1  1  = 2 – 2 1 – n
 n 
1  2 
Q.6 Let a and b be roots of x2 – 3x + p = 0 and let 1
2
c and d be roots of x2 – 12 x + q = 0 where a, 1
S – Sn <
b, c, d form an increasing G.P. then the ratio 1000
of 2 – 2 + 21 – n < 10–3
q + p : q – p is equal to -
21 – n < 10–3
(A) 8 : 7 (B) 11 : 10
(1 – n) log 2 < – 3 log 10
(C) 17 : 15 (D) None of these
(n – 1) log 2 > 3 log 10
Sol. [C]
a, b are roots of x2 – 3x + p = 0 3 log10
(n – 1) >
a + b = 3, ab = p log 2
c, d are roots of x-2 – 12x + q = 0 3
n–1>
c + d = 12 and cd = q 0.3010
Now, a, b, c, d are in G.P. n–1>9
b d ab cd n > 10
 =  =
a c ab cd
n = 11

a  b 2 =
c  d 2 least value of n is equal to 11
a  b 2 c  d 2
4ab 4cd Q.8 The least value of 'a' for which 51+x + 51–x,
1 – =1–
a  b 2 c  d 2 a/2, 25x + 25–x are three consecutive terms of an
ab cd AP is
 = (A) 1 (B) 5
a  b  2
c  d 2
(C) 12 (D) None of these
p q p q
    Sol. [C]
9 144 1 16
p 1 pq 17 a
    = 5 1 + x + 5 1 – x, , 25x +25–x are in A.P.
q 16 qp 15 2
2(a/2) = (51 + x + 51 – x) + (25x + 25–x)
pq 17
 = = 17 : 15 Ans.
qp 15  a = (5.5x + 5.5–x) + (52x + 5–2x)
 1   1 
Q.7 If S denotes the sum of infinity and Sn the  a = 5  5 x  x  +  52 x  2x 
 5   5 
sum of n terms of the series
We know that the sum of a positive real number
1 1 1 1
1+    ...such that S – Sn < , and its reciprocal is always greater than or equal
2 4 8 1000
to 2.
then the least value of n is-
1 1
(A) 11 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 8  5x +  2 and 52x +  2 for all x
5x 52x
Sol. [A]

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 11
  1   1  3, P, K are in A.P.
5  5 x  x  +  52 x  2 x   5 × 2 + 2 for all x
 5   5   
 Inserted   Unknown 
 a 12    
 number   number 
 a =12
 2P = 3 + K …(1)
Q.9 If a, b, c are in G.P. then the equations K = 2P– 3
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 have and 3, P – 6, K are in G.P.
d e f (P – 6)2 = 3K …(2)
a common root if , , are in -
a b c from (1) & (2), we get
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (P – 6)2 = 3 (2P – 3)
(C) H.P (D) None of these P2 – 18P + 45 = 0
Sol. [A] P = 3 , 15
a, b, c are in G.P.  b = ac b 
2
ac Unknown number K = 2P – 3 when P = 3
ax2 + 2b x + c = 0 K =2×3–3
K=6–3
  ax2 + 2 ac x + c = 0 K = 3 Ans.
  ax  c 2
=0 When P = 15
K = 2 × 15 – 3
 c
x = = 27
a
3, 3, 3 A.P. 3, 15, 27
 c A.P.
Putting x = in dx2 + 2e x + f = 0, we get
a 3, –3, 3 G.P. 3, 9, 27 G.P.
c c  K = 3 and 27 Ans.
d. – 2e +f=0
a a 1 1 1 2
Q.11 If + + + .........upto  =
dc c 12 22 32 6
 +f=2e
a a 1 1 1
then, 2 + 2 + 2 + ....= –
d f 2e 2e 1 3 5
    ( a c = b)
a c ca b 2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
d f e 6 8 4
  2 Sol. [B]
a c b
e d f 1 1 1 2
2 = + 2
+ 2
+ 2
+…=
b a c 1 2 3 6

d e f 1 1 1   1 1 1 
 , , are in A.P.    2  2  2  ...  +  2  2  2  ... 
a b c 1 3 5  2 4 6 
2
Q.10 A certain number is inserted between the =
6
number 3 and the unknown number so that
the three numbers form an A.P. If the middle 1 1 1  1
   2  2  2  ...  + 2
term is diminished by 6 then the number are 1 3 5  2
in G.P. The unknown number can be -  1 1 1  2
  1  2  2  2  ...  =
(A) 3 (B) 15 (C) 18 (D) 25  2 3 5  6
Sol. [A]

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 12
 1 1 1  1   2 
 = 
2
   2  2  2  ...  +
1 3 5  4  6 
 6
Q.13 If a, b, c are in H.P. then
1 1 1  2 2
   2  2  2  ...  = – 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 3 5  6 24 + , + , + are in-
a bc b a c c ab
2 2
1 1 1  4   3 2 (A) A.P. (B) G.P.
   2  2  2  ...  = =
1 3 5  24 24
(C) H.P. (D) None of these
1 1 1 2 Sol. [C]
  2
 2
 2
 ... = Ans.
1 3 5 8 We have to prove that
a bc a bc a bc
Q.12 Let the numbers a1, a2, a3 ..... an constitute a , , are in H.P.
a b  c  bc  a  ca  b 
geometric progression. If S = a1 + a2 + .....
Taking reciprocal and cancelled (a + b +c), we
1 1 1 get a(b + c), b(c + a), c(a + b) are in A.P.
+an, T = + + ..... + and P = a1 a2 a3
a1 a 2 an or (ab + bc + ca) – bc, ab – ca, ab – ab are in H.P.
..... an then P2 is equal to - or –bc, – ca, – ab are in A.P.
n n 1 1 1
S T or , , are in A.P. [divide by – abc]
(A)   (B)   a b c
T S or a, b, c are in H.P.
n n
 2S   2T  n
(C)   (D)   1
T  S  Q.14 The value of  a  rx  a  (r  1) x
is-
r 1
Sol. [A]
a1, a2, a3, … an are in G.P. n a  nx  a
(A) (B)
S = a1 + a2 + a3 + ….+ an a  a  nx x
1 1 1 1
T= + + + …+
a1 a2 a3 an n ( a  nx  a )
(C) (D) None of these
P = a1 a 2 a 3 … an x
Let a1 = a, a2 = ar, a3 = ar2, …. an = arn – 1 Sol. [A]
S = a + ar + ar2 + …… + arn –1 n
1
 r 1  n n ( n 1)  a  rx  a  (r  1) x
S=a   and P = an r 2 r 1
 r 1 
 
1 / r   1 = 1  1  r
1
1 n  1 n Since
Also T =  a  rx  a  r  1x
a 1  a  1  r  r n 1

  1
r  a  rx  a  (r  1) x
=
1  r 1 1 n
a  rx  a  r  1x
T =  
a  r  1  r n 1
 
S  rn 1  r 1  n – 1
=
1
x
 a  rx  a  (r  1) x 
 = a  
T  r  1  a  r n  1  r
  t1 + t2 + t3 + … + tn is given by
S

T
= a2 rn  1
x
 a  x  a   a  2x  a  x 
 ......   a  nx  
2
S
n
S
n  n ( n 1)  a  n  1x
    = a2n rn (n – 1)    = a n r 2  = P2
T T  
=
1
x
 a  n x  a  = x( aa nxnx a a )
n n
S S
   = P2 P2 =   Ans.
T T
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 13
 n 3n
= S3 n
2a  3n  1d
a  a  nx = 2 = 3 Ans.
S2n  Sn n
2a  3n  1d
Q.15 If 2·nP1, nP2 , nP3, are three consecutive terms 2
of an A.P. then they are- n  k 
(A) in G.P. (B) in H.P.
Q.17 If    m 2  = an4 + bn3 + cn2 + dn +e
k 1  m 1 
(C) equal (D) All of these then -
Sol. [D]
1 1
(A) a = (B) b =
 2·nP1 , nP2 , nP3 are in A.P. 12 6
1
2·nP2 = 2.nP1 + nP3 (C) d = (D) e = 0
6
n! n! n! Sol. [A, C, D]
or 2. = 2. +
n  2 ! n  1 ! n  3 !
  k k  12k  1
n k n
or 2n (n – 1) = 2n + n (n – 1) (n – 2)    m
k 1  m 1
2

=  6
or 2 (n – 1) = 2 + (n – 1)(n – 2)  k 1

or n = 2, 3 1
n

clearly n  2, so n = 3
=
6  (2k
k 1
3
+ 3k2 + k)

The numbers are 2.3P1, 3P2, 3P3

1  n n  1  1 n n  12n  1
2
= 2.3, 3.2, 3.2.1 =   +
3  2  2 6
= 6, 6, 6
1 n n  1
One or more than one correct +
Part-B 6 2
answer type questions
1 1 1
a = coefficient of n4 = . =
Q.16 Sr denotes the sum of the first r terms of an 3 4 12
AP. Then S3n : (S2n – Sn) is - 1 1 1 1 1 1
b = coefficient of n3 = .  =  
(A) n (B) 3n 3 2 6 6 6 3
(C) 3 (D) independent of n
1  n n  1  1 n n  12n  1
2
Sol. [C, D] Again,   +
3  2  2 6
r
Sr = [2a + (r – 1)d] where a is first term and
2 1 n n  1
+
d is common difference. 6 2

S3n =
3n
[2a + (3n – 1)d] …(i) 1  n 2 (n 2  2n  1)  1
= .  + n(2n2 + n + 2n + 1 )
2 3  4  12
and S2n – Sn
n n  1
2n n +
= [2a + (2n – 1)d] – [2a + (n – 1)d] 12
2 2
1 1
n = {n4 + 2n3 + n2} + {2n3 + 3n2 + n}
= [2a + (3n – 1)d] …(ii) 12 12
2
+
Divide (i) by (ii), we get
1
(n + n2)
12

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 14
  1 1  n 3n 2 n 2 
2 = log c b
1 4
= .n + 2n3    +   
12  12 12   12 12 12 
z
 log b a & are correct answers.
y
n n 
+   
 12 12 
1  x n 1
1 4 1 3 5 2 1 Q.19 Let f(x) = and
= .n + n + n + .n 1 x
12 3 12 6
2 3 n 1
g(x) = 1 – + 2 –... + (–1)n n . Then
1 1 5 1 x x x
a = ,b= ,c= ,d= ,e=0
12 3 12 6 the constant term in f (x) × g(x) is equal to-

a =
1 1
, d = , and e = 0 Ans. n (n 2  1)
(A) when n is even
12 6 6
n (n  1)
Q.18 If ax = by = cz and x, y, z are in GP then logcb (B) when n is odd
2
is equal to- n
(C) – (n + 1) when n is even
(A) logba (B) logab 2
(C) z/y  (D) None of these n (n  1)
(D) – when n is odd
Sol. [A, C] 2
ax = by = cz = k (let) Sol. [B, C]
1  x n 1
x, y, z are in G.P. f(x) =
1 x
y2 = xz …(1) = 1 + x + x2 + … + xn
f ' (x).g(x) = (1 + 2x + 3x2 + … + n xn – 1).
 ax = k
 2 3 n n 1
1   2 ...  (1) 
 x log a = log k  x x xn 
log k required constant term = 1 – 22 + 32 … + (– 1)n – 1 n2
x= = logak
log a 12 + ...................... – n

Similarly = (1 + 2) (1 – 2) + (3 + 4) (3 – 4) + …
= – (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … n terms)
y = logbk , z = logck
n
Put values of x, y, z in eqn (1) =– [n + 1] when n is even.
2

 log b k 
2
= log a k . log c k
when n is odd,
n (n  1)
sum =

log k 2 =
log k 2 2

log b 2 log a log c Q.20 If a, b & c are distinct positive real which are
in H.P., then the quadratic equation ax2 + 2bx + c
(log b)2 = loga logc = 0 has-
(A) two non-real roots such that their sum is
log b log a real
 =
log c log b (B) two purely imaginary roots
(C) two non-real roots such that their product is
 log c b = log b a Ans. real
(D) None of these
z log c k log k log b log b Sol. [A, C]
and = = × =
y log b k log c log k log c ax2 + 2bx + c = 0

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 15
 D = 4 (b2 – ac) 2ac
a, b, c are in H.P. b =
a c
2ac 4a 2 c 2
b= & – ac 1 1
a c a  c 2  
ba bc
ab  bc 1 1
ac = = +
2 2ac 2ac
=

4a c  ac a 2  c 2  2ac
2 2
 ac
a
ac
c

a  c  2
ac ac
= 
ac 2ac  a  ac 2ac  ac  c 2
2
=  (a – c)2 = – ve
a  c 2
=
ac

ac
2 a ( c  a ) c ( a  c)
 2b  4b  4ac
x=
2.a  1 1 
= (a + c)   
b b  ac 2
 a c  a  c c  a 
x= 
a a a  c 1 1 a  c c  a a c
=  = . =
b c  a  a c  c  a ac ac
x= ±iK
a 1 1
= + Ans.
Q.21 If AM of the number 51+x and 51–x is 13 then c a
the set of possible real values of x is - a c 2
Since is equal to also
 1 ac b
(A) 5,  (B) {1, – 1}
 5 2ac a c 2
b =  = Ans.
(C) {x|x2–1= 0, x R}(D) None of these a c ac b
Sol. [B, C]
 True or false type questions
51 x  51 x
= 13
2 Q.23 Equal numbers are always in A.P., G.P. and H.P.
5.5x + 5.5–x = 26  
 1  Sol. No  '0' , '0' , '0' , ........are not in G.P. or H.P.
5  5 x  x  = 26  ( zero s ) 
 5 
Let 5x = t
a  be y b  ce y c  de y
5t2 – 26 t + 5 = 0 Q.24 If = = then a, b, c, d
 (t – 5) (5t – 1) = 0 a  be y b  ce y c  de y
1 are in H.P.
 t = 5, t = a  be y b  ce y
5 Sol.  =
1 a – be y b – ce y
 5x = 5 or 5x = = 5–1 2a 2b
5  y
=  b2 = ac
x = 1 or x = – 1 2be 2ce y
Hence x = {–1, 1} b  ce y c  de y
{x|x2–1=0,xR} Ans. and y
=
b – ce c – de y
1 1 2b 2c
Q.22 If a, b, c are in H.P. then + =  =  c2 = bd
ba bc 2ce y 2de y
2 2  a, b, c, d are in G.P.
(A) (B)
b ac
1 1 Q.25 There does not exist a H.P. all of whose terms
(C) + (D) None of these are irrational.
a c
Sol. (False)
Sol .[A, C]
There does not exist a H.P. all of whose terms
a, b, c, are in H.P. are irrational. This statement is false.

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 16
  Fill in the blanks type questions (C) If Statement (1) is true but the Statement (2) is
false.
Q.26 If tn denotes the nth term of the series (D) If Statement (1) is false but Statement (2) is
2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + …… then t50 is true
…………
Q.29 Statement (1) : 1, 2, 4, 8, ……. is a G.P., 4,8,
Sol. S = 2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + …………. + T 50
S= 2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + …….……… + T 50 16, 32 is a G.P. and 1 + 4, 2 + 8, 4 + 16, 8 +
 T50 = 2 + (1 + 3 + 5 + ……… T 49)
32,….. is also a G.P.
T50 = (2 + 492) Statement (2) : Let general term of a G.P.
with common ratio r be Tk+1 and general term
n
Q.27 If Sn = n2a +(n –1) d is the sum of first n of another G.P. with common ratio r be Tk' 1 ,
4
then the series whose general term
terms of A.P., then common difference
is…………….. Tk'' 1 = Tk+1 + Tk' 1 is also a G. P. with
Sol. S1 = a + 0 = a common ratio r.
1 Sol.[A] Clearly T"k + 1 = Tk + 1 + T'k+1
S2 = 4a + d  option A is correct.
2
1 Q.30 Statement (1) : 3, 6, 12 are in G.P., then 9,
T1 = a, T2 = S2 – S1 = 3a + d
2 12, 18 are in H.P.
1 Statement (2) : If middle term is added in 3
 D = T2 – T1 = 2a + d consecutive terms of a G.P., resultant will be
2
Q.28 If x > 0 then the expression in H.P.
Sol.[A] True
x100
is always less than
1  x  x 2  x 3  ....  x 200 Q.31 Statement (1): There exists an A.P. whose
or equal to ……………….. three terms are 2 , 3 , 5
x100 Statement (2): There exists distinct real
Sol. E=
1  x  x 2  ......x 200 numbers p, q, r satisfying 2 = A + (p – 1)d,
1
= 100 +1 3 = A + (q – 1)d, 5 = A + (r – 1)d
(x  x )  ( x  x 99 )  ......( x 1  x )
100 99
Sol.[B] If we could show that reason R is false then
AM  GM assertion A will also be false. Indeed if R is true
x 100  x100 then
 (x–100 × x100)1/2 = 1 2 – 3 = (p – q)d,
2
So, x–100 + x100  2 etc 3 – 5 = (q – r)d,
1 1 2 3 pq
Hence E   on dividing =
(2  2  ......  2) 1 201 3 5 qr
(100 terms )
rational = irrational
Both A and R are false.
Part-C Assertion-Reason type questions Q.32 Statement (1) : If three positive numbers in
G.P. represent sides of a triangle then the
The following questions 29 to 32 consists of two
common ratio of G.P. must lie between
statements each, printed as Statement (1) and
Statement (2). While answering these questions you 5 1 5 1
and .
are to choose any one of the following four 2 2
responses. Statement (2) : Three positive real numbers
(A) If both Statement (1) and Statement (2) are can form a triangle if sum of any two sides is
true and the Statement (2) is correct greater than the third.
explanation of the Statement (1). Sol.[A] The assertion A can be proved by taking the
(B) If both Statement (1) and Statement (2) are intersection of the inequalities.
true but Statement (2) is not correct a > 0, ar > 0, ar2 > 0
explanation of the Statement (1). at ar > ar2, ar + ar2 > a, ar2 + a > ar
The inequalities follow from reason.
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 17
 Part-D Column Matching type questions a
(D) Let , a, ar be the sides of rectangular box
r
Q.33 Match the column then
Column-I Column-II a
(A) If log52, log5(2x –5) and (P) 6 .a.ar = 27  a = 3
r
log5(2x –7/2) are in A.P.,
then value of 2x is equal to  a2 
and 2   a 2 r  a 2  = 78
(B) Let Sn denote sum of first (Q) 9  r 
 
n terms of an A.P. If S2n = 3Sn,  3r – 10r + 3 = 0
2
S  (3r – 1) (r – 3) = 0
then 3n is
Sn 1
 r = 3,
(C) Sum of infinite series (R) 3 3
8 12 16 Sides are 1, 3, 9 or 9, 3, 1
4 + + 2 + 3 + ….. is Length is 1 or 3 or 9.
3 3 3
(D) The length, breadth, height (S) 1 Q.34 Match the following
of a rectangular box are in G.P. , Column-I Column-II
The volume is 27, the total 2F ( n )  1
surface area is 78. Then the (A) Suppose that F(n + 1) = (P) 42
2
length is
for n = 1, 2 , 3,…and F(1) = 2.
Sol. A  P, B  P, C  Q, D  Q, R, S
Then F(101) equals
 7 (B) If a1, a2, a3,…..a21 are in A.P. and (Q)1620
(A) 2 log5(2x – 5) = log52 + log5  2 x – 
 2 a3 + a5 + a11 + a17 + a19 = 10 then
 (2 – 5) = 2.2 – 7
x 2 x 21

Let 2x = t the value of ai is

i 1
 t2 – 12 t + 32 = 0
(C) 10th term of the sequence (R) 52
 (t – 4) (t – 8) = 0
S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29+….., is
 t = 4, 8
(D) The sum of all two digit numbers (S) 2045
 2x = 22, 23  x = 2, 3
But x = 2 impossible
which are not divisible by 2 or 3 is
Sol. A  R, B  P, C  S, D  Q
So x =3  2x = 6
5 6 7
2n 3n (A) F(2) = , F(3) = , f(4) =
(B)  [2a + (2n –1) d] = [2a + (n – 1) d] 2 2 2
2 2
 2a (n + 1) d …(1) 104
we get F(101) = = 52
3n 2
[2a  (3n – 1)d] (B)  a3 + a19 = a5 + a17 = 2a11
S3n
 = 2
Sn n  5a11 = 10  a11 = 2
[2a  (n – 1)d ]
2 21
from (1) we get a
i 1
i = 10 (a1 + a21) + a11 = 21a11 = 42
S3n
=6 (C) S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + …….. T10
Sn
S= 1 + 5 + 13 + ……… + T 10
 2 3 4  Subtracting we get
(C) 4 1   2  3  ..........
 3 3 3  T10 = 1 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ……….. T 9
= 1 + 4 (1 + 2 + 4 + ……. 9 term)
 
 1  4(2 9  1)
 1 3  = 4. 9 = 9 =1+ = 2045
=4  2 –1
 1 2 4
1 –  1  (D) Sum of all two digit number = 4905
3 1 –  sum of all two digit number which is divisible
  3  
by 2 or 3 is = 2430 + 1665 – 810 = 3285
sum of all two digit number which is not
divisible by 2 or 3 is = 4905 – 3285 = 1620

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 18
 EXERCISE # 3
Part-A Subjective Type Questions m
= [2 + (n – 1) (1 + m)]
2
1 1 2 1  2  .......  n
Q.1 Let sn = + 3 +…+ 3 3 ; m
3
1 1 2 3
1  2  ........  n 3 = [2 + n + mn – 1– m]
2
n = 1, 2, 3,........ Then sn is not greater than.
m
= [mn – m + n + 1] Ans.
1 1 2 1  2  .......  n 2
Sol. sn = + +…+ 3 ;
13 13  23 1  23  ........  n 3 Q.3 All terms of the arithmetic progression are
n = 1, 2, 3,........
natural numbers. The sum of its nine consecutive
1  2  3  ...  n
we have tn = 3 terms. beginning with the first, is larger than
1  23  33  ...  n 3
n n  1 n n  1 200 and smaller than 220. Find the progression
n 2
= = = 2 2 2 if its second term is equal to 12.
n 3  n n  1 
2
n n  1 Sol. a, a + d, a + 2d ...
 
 2  4
9
s9 = [2a + 8d]
2 1 1  2
= =2   
n n  1  n n  1 200 < s9 < 220
n
 1   1 1  1 1 
t
9
  k  21        ...     200 < [2a + 8d] < 220
k 1  2   2 3   n n  1  2
 1  2n 200 220
= 2 1   = < a + 4d < …(1)
 n 1 n 1 9 9
Also given that
2n  1  2
 sn = = 2 1   =2– a + d = 12 …(2)
n 1  n 1 n 1
2 2 from (1) and (2) we get
 sn = 2 –  sn = 2 – <2
n 1 n 1 200 220
< 12 + 3d <
when n , sn = 2 9 9
 sn is not greater than 2 Ans. 200  108 220  108
<d<
Q.2 If there be m AP's beginning with unity whose 9 .3 9.3

common difference are 1, 2, 3,......m 92 112

<d<
27 27
respectively . Show that the sum of their nth
3.40 < d < 4.14
terms is (m/2) [mn – m + n +1]
d=4
Sol. Sum of nth term is given by
 a = 12 – 4 = 8
= {1 + (n – 1) 1} + {1 + (n – 1)2}
 series is 8, 12, 16, … Ans.
+ {1 + (n – 1)3} + … + {1 + (n – 1)m}
= (1 + 1 + 1 + … m times) + (n – 1) Q.4 Show that if (b –c)2, (c – a)2, (a – b)2 are in A.P.
[1 + 2 + 3 + … + m] then 1/(b –c) , 1/(c –a) , 1/(a – b) are also in A.P.
Sol. (b –c)2, (c – a)2, (a – b)2 are in A.P.
m
= m + (n – 1) [1 + m] (c – a)2 – (b – c)2 = (a – b)2 – (c – a)2
2
(c – a + b – c) (c – a – b + c) =
2m  (n  1)(m  m 2 )
= (a – b + c – a) (a – b – c + a)
2
(b – a) (2c – a – b) = (c – b) (2a – b – c)
(b – c) (b + c – 2a) = (a – b) (a + b – 2c)…(1)
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 19
 1 1 1 1 on subtracting eqn (1) and (2).
Now   
ca bc a b ca  1  1  1 
s  s = 1 +   1   1  +
a  b  2c c  b  2a  3  3  2 
 =
bc ab
1
2  1  1 2 
  1      1  1  + …
(a – b) (a + b – 2c) = (b – c) (b + c – 2a)…(2)  2 2
3 2
 
from (1) & (2), it is true. (Hence proved.)
2 2 3 3
2  1  1   1   1   1   1 
Q.5 Show that the sum of the term in the nth bracket   s = 1+               ...
3  3  2   3   2   3   2 
(1) (3, 5) (7, 9,11) ..................is n3. 2 3
2 1 1 1
Sol. The successive group contains number of terms 1,   s = 1 +        ...
3 6 6 6
2, 3, ....
Therefore nth group contains n terms which are in 2 1
 s =
3 1
A.P. and whose common difference is 2. Now we 1
6
have to find first term. Successive group contains
2 1
first term 1, 3, 7, 13, … whose successive  s =
3 5/6
difference are 2, 4, 6, … which are in A.P.
6 3
s = 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + … + Tn …(1) s= ×
5 2
s= 1 + 3 + 7 + … + T n – 1 + Tn …(2)
9
on subtracting (1) and (2). s= Ans.
5
0 = 1 + (2 + 4 + 6 + … (n – 1) terms) – T n
  Tn = 1 + [(n – 1)/2] [2.2 + (n – 2).2] Q. 7 Find the nth term and the sum to n terms of the
Tn = 1 + (n – 1)n = n2 – n + 1 sequence-
The terms of nth group form an A.P. for which (A) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + .......
a = n2 – n + 1, d = 2, n = n (B) 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + .......
n (C) The sum of infinite terms of the
sn = [2(n2 – n + 1) + (n – 1).2]
2 progression 1+ 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + ......(x<1)
2
= n[n – n + 1 + n – 1] is-
= n.n2 (D) Sum the series to n terms and to .
= n (Hence proved) 
3 4 7 10
1   + .......
5 52 53
Q.6 The sum of the series Sol. (A) S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 ........ Tn
S= 1 + 5 + 13 + ......... Tn–1 + Tn
 1 1  1  1 1
2 2
1+ 1   + 1        +...to On Subtracting
 2  3  2  2    3 
0 = 1 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ......... Tn – Tn–1 – Tn
infinite terms is - Tn = 1 + (4 + 8 + 16 + ........... T n – Tn–1)
Sol. Let n–1
4(2 n 1  1)
 1 1  1 1 
2 2
1 Tn = 1 + = 1 + 4(2n–1 – 1) = 2n+1 – 3
s = 1+ 1   + 1        2 1
 2  3  2  2   3
2 2 (2 n  1)
S = 2n+1 – 3 = – 3n = 2n+2 – 4 – 3n
+... terms …(1) 2 1
1 1  1 1
2 (B) S = 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + ....Tn
s=   + 1     + … …(2) S= 6 + 13 + 22 + .... T n–1 + Tn
3 3  2 3
Tn = 6 + (7 + 9 + 11 + ....... (Tn – Tn–1))
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 20
 n–1 Q.9 A square is drawn by joining the
n 1 mid- points of the sides of a given square. A
Tn = 6 + (14 + (n – 2)2)
2 third square is drawn inside the second square
= 6 + (n – 1)(n + 5)
in the same way and this process continuous
= n2 + 4n + 1
S = n2 + 4n + 1 indefiniting. If a side of the first square is 4 cm
n (n  1)(2n  1) 4n (n  1) determine the sum of the area of all the squares.
= + +n
6 2 Sol. If a side of any square is x cm, then the side of the
(C) S = 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + .........  square obtained by joining its mid-points is given
Sx = x + 3x2 + 5x3 + .......  by
S(1 – x) = 1 + 2x(1 + x + x2 + ..... )
2x 1 x
S(1 – x) = 1 + =
1 x 1 x
1 x
 S=
(1  x ) 2
2 2
x x x
4 7     = cm
(D) S = 1 + + 2 + ........  2 2 2
5 5
and such its area is
S 1 4
= + 2 + .......   x 
2
x2
5 5 5   = cm2
 2 2
4S 3 1 
= 1 + 1   ......  Now the area of the first square is 42 = 16 sq cm. the
5 5 5 
area of the second square is 859. cm, the area of
3 the third square is 4 square cm and so on. Hence
=1+
 1 the sum of the areas is given by
5 1   16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + … upto infinite
 5
16
3 7 =
=1+ = 1  1 / 2 
4 4
16
35 =
S= 1/ 2
16 = 16 × 2
= 32 cm2 Ans.
Q.8 Find the sum of the series upto n terms
1.3.5 + 3.5.7 + 5.7.9 + .... Q.10 The value of xyz is 15/2 or 18/5 according as
Sol. The rth term of the series is given by the series a, x, y, z, b is an A.P. or H.P. Find the
tr = (2r – 1)(2r + 1) (2r + 3) values of a and b assuming them to be positive
tr = 8r3 + 12r2 – 2r – 3 integer.
n n n
Sol. a = 1, b = 3 or b = 1, a = 3
  Sn = 8 r
r 1
3
+ 12 r
r 1
2
–2  r – 3n
r 1
Q.11 If three positive numbers a, b , c are in HP, then
 n n  1  n n  12n  1
2
= 8  + 12 – ab cb
 2  6 prove that + > 4.
2a  b 2c  b
n n  1
2 – 3n
2 Sol.  a, b, c, are positive numbers are in H.P.
= 2n2 (n + 1)2 + 2n (n + 1) (2n + 1) – n (n + 1) –3n 2 1 1
= n(2n3 + 4n2 + 2n + 4n2 + 6n + 2 – n – 1 – 3)  =  … (1)
b a c
= n(2n3 + 8n2 + 7n – 2) Ans.

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 21
 1 1 1 1  ab = 9 …(2)
 
from (1) & (2), we get
LHS = b a  b c
2 1 2 1 9
  a+ = 10
b a b c a
1 1 1 1 a2 – 10a + 9 = 0
 
= b a  b c from (1) a2 – 9a – a + 9 = 0
1 1
a = 9, 1
c a
Similarly, b2 – 10b + 9 = 0
c c a a a c a c
=    =   b = 1, 9
b a b c b c a  a = 1, b = 9 & a = 9, b = 1 Ans
Now, A.M. > G.M.
a c
 Q.13 Sum the following series to n terms and to
a c
 c a > . infinity-
2 c a
a c 1 1 1
or   2 (i)    ...
c a 1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9
A>H n n
1

a c
>
2ac
= b using (1)
(ii)  r (r + 1) (r + 2) (r + 3) (iii)  4r 2  1
2 a c r 1 r 1

ac Sol. (i)

 >2
b
a c a c 1 1 1
 LHS = +       ...
b c a 1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9
=>2+>2 1
Tn =
= > (2 + 2) 2n  12n  12n  3
=>4
put 2n = 1, –1, –3 and divide in partial fractions.
Q.12 The value of x + y + z is 15, if a, x, y, z, b are 1 2 1
Tn = – +
in AP while the value of : (1/x) + (1/y) + (1/z) 82n  1 82n  1 82n  3
is 5/3 y if a , x, y , z, b are in HP. Find a and b. 1  1 1   1 1 
=     
Sol. We know that the sum of n arithmetic means 8  2n  1 2n  1   2n  1 2n  3 
between two numbers is equal to n times of A.M. Now put n = 1, 2, 3, … n and on adding, we get
of these two numbers. There are three A.M.'s x, y,
1  1  1 1 
z between a and b. Sn = 1    
8  2n  1   3 2n  3 
ab
x+y+z=3   = 15 1  2n 2n 
 2  =   
or a + b = 10 … (1) 8  2n  1 32n  3 
a, x, y, z, b are in H.P. n 4n  8 
=  
1 1 1 1 1
 , , , , are in A.P. 4  32n  12n  3 
a x y z b
n n  2 
= Ans.
1 1 1
  =
3 1 1 32n  12n  3
   
x y z 2 a b Now, we have to find sum of infinite terms
3ab  2  2
=   n 2 1  1  
2  ab   n   n
S n= =
ab  1  3  1  3 
= 3  3.4n 2 1 1  121  1  
 2n  2n   2n  2n
 2ab 
5 3 when n 
or = .10 from (1)
3 2ab
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 22
 1 1 1 1  1 1  1  1 1 
S= . = +  + 
12 1 12 2 1  1.2 1  2.3  2 1  2.3 1  3.4 
n
1
(iv)  4r 2
1 +
1  1 1 
 1  2 .3  1  3 .4  + … +
r 1 2  
n n
1 1 1 1 
 2r  12r  1   2  2r  1  2r  1 1 1

1 
r 1 r 1 2 1  n  1n 1  n n  1 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 Sn = 1        ... 1 
2 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 2n 1 = 1 
1

2  1  n n  1 
1 1 
 Sn = 1
2  2n  1  n n  1
= Ans.
2(n 2  n  1)
1  2n  1  1 
 Sn =
2  2n  1 
Q.15 Obtain the sum of
n
 Sn = Ans.
2n  1 1 2 4 2n
+ 2 + 4 +.......... +
n x 1 x 1 x 1
n
x2  1
when n  , Sn =
 1
n 2   1 2 4 2n
 n Sol. + 2 + 4 +.......... +
x 1 x 1 x 1
n
x2  1
1
S =
1 1 1 1 2 4
2 – + + +
n x  1 x  1 x  1 x2  1 x4  1
1
S = Ans. 2n
2 …. …+ n
x2  1
Q.14 Find the sum of n terms of the sequence
1  1 1  2
1 2 3 –    + 2 –
   ... x 1  x  1 x  1  x 1
1  12  14 1  22  24 1  32  34
Sol. Let Tn be the nth term of the series 4 2n
…… +
x4  1
n
x2  1
1 2 3
   ...
1  12  14 1  22  24 1  32  34 1  2 2  4 2n
  –  2  2  4 ... n
n n x 1  x 1 x 1  x 1 x 2 1
Tn = = =
1 n  n 2 4
(1  n )  n 2
2 2
1 2 n 1
  n1 Ans.
n x  1 x 2 1
(n  n  1) (n 2  n  1)
2

Q.16 Find the sum of the n terms of the sequence,

1  1 1  whose general term is given by
Tn =  2
2  n  n  1 n  n  1
 2
r 5  6r 4  11r 3  6r 2  4r  6
ar =
1  1 1  r 4  6r 3  11r 2  6r
=   
2 1  n  1n 1  n n  1 
r 5  6r 4  11r 3  6r 2  4r  6
Sol. ar =
n
1 1 1  r 4  6r 3  11r 2  6r
Now, T r 1
r = 
2 1 1  1.2 

= r+
4r
+
6
r (r  1)(r  2)(r  3) r (r  1)(r  2)(r  3)

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 23
 4 1 1  1
ar = r +     = – 2,  =
2  (r  1)(r  2) (r  2)(r  3)  4

6 1 1  1
+    Expression is x2 – 2x +
3  r (r  1)(r  2) (r  1)(r  2)(r  3)  4
n
and b = 2a  n = 2
S= a
r 1
r
Q.17 The quadratic equation whose roots are p, q is
n (n  1) (A) 4x2 –8x + 1 = 0 (B) 4x2 + 8x –1 = 0
S= +
2 (C) 2x2 –8x + 1 = 0 (D) 2x2 + 8x – 1 = 0
 1 1 1 1 1 1  Sol.[A] Equation whose roots are p and q is
2     ...   +
 2 . 3 3 . 4 3 . 4 4 . 5 ( n  1)( n  2 ) ( n  2 )( n  3)  1
x2 – 2x + = 0  4x2– 8x + 1 = 0
 1
2
1 1 1 1 1  4
1 . 2 . 3

2 . 3 . 4

2 . 3 . 4

3 . 4 . 5
 ...
n ( n  1)( n  2 )

( n  1)( n  2 )( n  3) 
  Q.18 The value of 'm' is
n (n  1) 1 1  3 3 1 1
S= + 2   (A) (B) – (C) (D) –
2  6 (n  2)(n  3)  4 4 4 4
1 4 –1 3
1 1  Sol. [B] Minimum value of x2 – 2x + is – =– .
+ 2   4 4 4
 6 ( n  1)( n  2)( n  3) 
Simplify Yourself Q.19 Value of 'n' in terms of 'm' is
8m 8 8m 8
(A) (B) (C) – (D)
Part-B Passage based objective questions 3 3m 3 3m
 3  4
Passage-1 (Q. 17 to Q.19) Sol. [C] n = 2 n = 2  –  .  – 
 4  3
The arithmetic mean of two positive numbers p
8m 3
and q exceeds their geometric mean by 1/2 and n=– or –
3 2m
their G.M. exceeds their H.M. by 1/4, the
minimum value of the quadratic expression of Passage-2 (Q. 20 to Q.22)
the form x2 + x +  whose zeros are p and q is 'm'. In a sequence of (4n + 1) terms the first (2n +1)
Also if (1 – b) (1 + 2a + 4a2 + 8a3 + 16a4 + 32a5) terms are in A.P. whose common difference is
2, and the last (2n +1) terms are in G.P. whose
= 1 – b6 (b 1) and b/a = n, then answer the
common ratio 0.5. If the middle terms of the
following questions: AP and GP are equal, then
Sol. Given that Sol. A.P. is a, a + 2, a + 4, ……. (a + 4n)
pq 1 (a  4n )  1  4n   a  4n 
– = pq & G.P. is (a + 4n), ,  2  ,…  2 n 
2 2 2  2   2 
 [(p + q) – 1]2 = 4pq middle term of A.P. = middle term of G.P.
…(1) a  4n 4n  2n.2 n
 a + 2n = a= …(1)
2pq 1 2n 2n 1
and + = pq
pq 4 Q.20 Middle term of the sequence is
 [8 pq + (p + q)]2 = 16 (p + q)2 pq …(2) n.2 n 1 n.2n 1
(A) n (B) 2 n
Solving (1) and (2) we get 2 1 2 1
(C) n. 2n (D) None of these
1 Sol. [A] Middle term of sequence is
p + q = 2 and pq =
4 T2n+1 = a + 4 n from (1) we get
 zeroes of x2 + x +  is p and q n.2 n 1
T2n+1 =
2n – 1
  = – (p + q),  = pq
Q.21 First term of the sequence is
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 24
 4 n  2 n .2 n 4 n  2 n .2 n  – 2  1027 
(A) (B) Sum of A.M's =   m
n
2 1 n
2 1  2 
2n  n.2 n 2 n  n .2 n 1025 × 171 =
1025
m …(1)
(C) (D)
2 n 1 2 n 1 2
Sol. [B] First term is a Product of G.M's = ( 1 1024 )n
n 10 n
4 n – 2 n .2
From (1) a = n 245 = 2 2 = 25n …(2)
2 –1
Q.23 The value of n, m is
Q.22 Middle term of the GP is
(A) 7, 340 (B) 9,342
2n n.2 n (C) 11, 344 (D) None of these
(A) n (B) n
2 1 2 1 Sol. [B] Value of n, m is
n 2n From (1) and (2) m = 342, n = 9
(C) n (D) n
2 1 2 1 Q.24 The value of G1 + G2 + G3 + ……+ Gn is
a  4n (A) 1022 (B) 2044
Sol. [D] Middle term of G.P. = (C) 512 (D) None of these
2n
From (1) we get Sol. [A]  r = 2, a = 1
2n G1 + G2 + …….. + G9 = 2 + 22 + 23 +…….. + 29
Tmiddle = n
2 –1 2(2 9 – 1)
= = 2 × 511 = 1022
2 –1
Passage-3 (Q. 23 to Q.25)
Let A1, A2, A3,……., Am be arithmetic means Q.25 The numbers 2A171, G25+1, 2A172 are in
between –2 and 1027 and G1, G2, G3,……, Gn (A) A.P. (B) G.P.
be geometric means between 1 and 1024. (C) H.P. (D) A.G.P.
Product of geometric means is 245 and sum of Sol. [ A] 2A171 = 2 (– 2 + 171 × 3) = 2 (511) = 1022
arithmetic means is 1025 × 171. d=3
Sol.  A1, A2 …………… Am be arithmetic means G52 + 1 = (25)2 + 1 = 1025
2A172 = 2 (– 2 + 172 × 3) = 1028
between – 2 and 1027
1022  1028
1029 Clearly = 1025 are in A.P.
d = 2
m 1
and G1 G2 …. Gn be the geometric means between
1 and 1024
1
 r = (1024) n 1

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 25
 EXERCISE # 4
 Old IIT-JEE Questions G1, G2 ...... Gn in terms of A1, A2, ...... An, H1,
H2, ...., Hn [IIT-2001]
Q.1 Let ,  be the roots of x2 – x + p = 0 and  Sol. Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio
be the roots of x2 – 4x + q = 0. If  are
of the G.P., a1, a2, a3 … then
in G.P., then the integral values of p and q
respectively, are- [IIT Sc. 2001] ak = ark – 1 for k = 1, 2, 3, …
(A) – 2, – 32 (B) – 2, 3 It is given that a1, a2, a3, .. are positive real
(C) – 6, 3 (D) – 6, – 32 numbers, therefore a > 0 and r > 0
Now two cases are :
Case-I : When r = 1
Q.2 Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. In this case, we have a1 = a2 = … = an = a
Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are - [IIT Sc.-2001]
1
(A) Not in A.P./G.P./H.P.  An = (a1 + a2 + … + an) = a
n
(B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. Gn = (a1a2a3 … an)1/n = a
(D) in H.P. 1 1 1
  ... 
Sol. [D] 1 a1 a 2 an 1
and, = =
a, b, c, d are in A.P. Hn n a
a b c d
 , , , are in A.P.  Hn = a
abcd abcd abcd abcd
1 1 1 1 Also AnHn = a2 = G 2n
 , , , are in A.P.
bcd acd abd abc Now, let G be the geometric mean of G1, G2, … Gn
1 1 1 1 then
 , , , are in A.P.
abc abd acd bcd
G = (G1, G2, … Gn)1/n
 abc, abd, acd, bcd are in H.P. Ans.

Q.3 If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5,

=  A1H1 A 2 H 2 A 3 H 3 ... A n H n 1/ n

8,.... is equal to the sum of the first n terms of = (A1A2 A3 …..An. H1H2H3 … Hn)1/2n
the A.P.57, 59, 61,.... then n equals- Case – II When r  1
[IIT Sc. 2001] We have,
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13
Sol. [C] 1 1
An = (a1 + a2 + … + an) = (a + ar + … + arn – 1)
2, 5, 8, … 57, 59, 61, … n n
2n n 1   1  r n 
[4 + (2n – 1)3] = [114 + (n – 1)2] = a  
2 2 n   1  r 

8 + 12n –6 = 114 + 2n – 2
10 n = 110 Gn = (a1a2… an)1/2
n = 11 Ans. = (a. ar. … arn – 1)1/n
Q.4 Let a1, a2 ...be positive real numbers in n ( n 1)
= {an r 2 }1/2
geometric progression for each n, let An, Gn, Hn
n 1
be respectively, the arithmetic mean, geometric 2
= ar
mean and harmonic mean of a1, a2, ......, an .
Find an expression for the geometric mean of
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 26
 1 1 1 1 1  Q. 6 Suppose a, b & c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are
and, =    ... 
Hn n  a1 a 2 an  3
in G.P. If a< b < c and a + b+ c = , then the
2
1 1 1 1  value of 'a' is - [IIT Sc.2002]
=    ... n 1 
n  a ar ar  1 1
(A) (B)
   1  n  2 2 2 3
 1     1 1 1 1
1  1   r   (C)  (D) 
= 
n a  1  2 3 2 2
 1 
  r 

Sol. [D]
a c
We have b = … (1)
1  1  r n  2
=  1 and b4 = a2c2 ... (2)
n  1  r  ar n 1

3
(1) 2b = –b
1  1  r n  1 2
= . 3
n  1  r  ar n 1
 3b =
2
n (1  r )ar n 1 1 3
Hn  b = ( a + b + c = )
1 rn 2 2
1 1
Thus, An Hn =
 
a 1  r n n 1  r ar n 1
.
(2) b2 = ± ac 
4
= ± ac  ac = ± …(3)
4
n 1  r  1 rn 3 1 3
a+b+c= a+ +c=  a + c = 1…(4)
2 2 2
= a2 rn – 1 = G 2n
1
a + c = 1 and ac = Implies that
Let G be the geometric mean of 4
G1, G2, G3, … Gn then, 1
a, c are roots of x2 – x + =0
4
G = (G1 G2 G3 … Gn)1/n 1 1
 a, c = , i.e. a = c
=  A1H1 A 2 H 2 A 3 H 3 ... A n H n  1/ n 2 2
This is impossible because a < b < c.
= (A1 A2 A3…An . H1H2H3… Hn)1/2n 1
Also, a + c = 1 and ac = – implies that a, c are
= (A1H1A2H2A3H3…)1/2n Ans. 4
1
roots of x2 – x – =0
Q.5 If a1 , a2, ....., an are positive real numbers 4
whose product is a fixed number c , then the 1 2
 a, c =
minimum value of a1+ a2+......+an–1 + 2anis – 2
1 2 1 2
[IIT Sc.2002] a = ,c= because a < b < c
2 2
(A) n (2c)1/n (B) (n+1)c1/n
1 2 1 2 1 1
(C) 2nc1/n (D) (n+1) (2c)1/n a = =  =  Ans.
2 2 2 2 2
Sol. [A]
Using A.M.  G.M.
Q.7 Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a, A1, A2, b
a  a 2  ...  2a n
 1  (a1 a2 … 2an)1/n are in arithmetic progression, a, G1, G2, b are in
n geometric progression and a, H1, H2, b are in
a1 + a2 + … + 2an  n(2 a1 a2 … an)1/n harmonic progression,
 n(2 c)1/n Ans. G G A  A 2 ( 2a  b) (a  2b)
show that 1 2 = 1 =
H 1 H 2 H1  H 2 9ab
[IIT -2002]
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 27
 [IIT - 2004]
Q.8 If a, b, c are in A.P. & a2, b2, c2 are in H.P. then
Sol. Given that a, b, c are positive real numbers
prove that a = b = c or a, b, – c/2 are in G.P. We have to prove that (1 + a)7 (1 + b)7 (1 + c)7
[IIT -2003] 77a4b4c4
Sol. It is given that a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are Consider L.H.S. = (1 + a)7 (1 + b)7 (1 + c)7
in H.P. = [(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7
2b = a + c …(i) [1 + a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc]7 
2a 2 c 2 [a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc]7 … (1)
and b2 = …(ii)
a 2  c2 Now, we know that AM  GM using if for
positive numbers a, b, c, ab, bc, ca and abc, we get
2a 2 c 2
Now, 2b = a + c and b2 = a  b  c  ab  bc  ca  abc
a 2  c2  (a4b4c4)1./7
7
2
ac 2a 2 c 2  (a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc)7 77 (a4b4c4)
   = 2
 2  a  c2 from (1) & (2), we get
[(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 77 (a4b4c4) (Proved)
 (a + c)2 (a2 + c2) = 8a2c2
 (a2 + c2 + 2ac) (a2 + c2) = 8a2c2 Q.11 In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,
 (a2 + c2)2 + 2ac (a2 + c2) = 8a2c2 = b2 – 4ac and ( +  ); 2 + 2, 3 +3 are in
 (a2 + c2)2 + 2ac (a2 + c2) + a2c2 = 9a2c2 G.P. where  are the root of ax2 + bx + c = 0,
 (a2 + c2 + ac)2 = 9a2c2 then- [IIT Scr-2005]
 a2 + c2 + ac = ± 3ac (A)  0 (B) b. = 0 (C) c. = 0 (D)  = 0
 a2 + c2 = – 4ac Sol. [C]
 a2 + c2 + 2ac = –2ac  are roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
 (a + c)2 = –2ac  = – b/a,  = c/a
 4b2 = –2ac from (i)  , 2 +  2, 3 +  3 are in G.P.
ac  (2 +  2)2 = (+ ) (3 + 3)
 b2 = –
2  [(+ )2 – 2]2 = (+ ) [(+ )3 – 3]
2
 a, b, – c/2 are in G.P.  b 2 2c  b   b 3 c b
and, a2 + c2 = 2ac   2   =  3 3 . 
 a a  a  a a a 
 (a – c)2 = 0
a=c  (b2 – 2ac)2 = b4 – 3ab2c
 a = b = c (Proved)  ac(b2 – 4ac) = 0
 c = 0 ( a  0)
Q.9 An infinite G.P., with first term x and sum of
the series is 5 then - [IIT Scr.2004] 2 3 n
(A) x  10 (B) 0 < x < 10 3 3 3 3
Q.12 Let an = –      –… (–1)n–1  
(C) x < – 10 (D) – 10 < x < 0 4 4 4 4
Sol. [B] and bn = 1–an then find the natural number n0
First term of infinite G.P. is x, and sum = 5 such that bn >an, n > n0, is………. [IIT-2006]
Let common ratio of infinite G.P. is r.
2 3 n
a x 3 3 3 3
Sum = = where | r | < 1 Sol. an = –      – … (–1)n–1  
1 r 1 r 4 4 4 4
 sum = 5 given 3  3 
n
1     
x 4   4   3   3 
n
 =5
1 r an = = 1      bn > an
3 7   4  
x 1
r=1– 4
5  1 – a n > an
|r|<1–1<r<1  2an < 1
6   3 
n
x x
–1<1– <1–2< – <0  1      < 1
5 5 7   4  
  – 10 < – x < 0  0 < x < 10 Ans n
 3 1
Q.10 If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove     > –
that (1+ a)7 (1+ b)7 (1+ c)7  77 a4 b4 c4.  4 6

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 28
  for n = 3 & 5, inequality fails and for n = 6 the  n n  1  1 n n  12n  1
2
inequality holds. =   
Hence minimum n0 = 5 Ans  2  2 6
1  n n  1 
+  
Passage -1 (Q. 13 to 15) [IIT-2007] 2 2 
Let Vr denote the sum of the first r terms of an n n  1 2n  1 + 1]
= [n (n + 1) –
arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term 4 3
is r and the common difference is (2r – 1). Let n n  1  3n 2  n  2 
Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, =  
4  3 
2, ………
T r = V r + 1 – Vr – 2
Q.13 The sum V1 + V2 + …. + Vn is-
= (r + 1)3 –
r  12 +
r  1  r2 r 
–  r 3    –2
1
(A) n (n + 1) (3n2 – n + 1) 2 2  2 2
12 2
1 = 3r + 2r – 1
(B) n (n + 1) (3n2 + n + 2) = (3r – 1) (r + 1)
12  Tr is a composite number.
1
(C) n (2n2 – n + 1) Q.15 Which one of the following is a correct statement ?
2
(A) Q1, Q2, Q3, …… are in A.P.
1
(D) (2n3 – 2n + 3) with common difference 5
3
(B) Q1, Q2, Q3, …… are in A.P.
Sol. [B]
with common difference 6
1
V1 = [2.1 + (4 – 1).1] (C) Q1, Q2, Q3, …… are in A.P.
2
with common difference 11
2
V2 = [2.2 + (2 – 1).3] (D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = …….
2
Sol. [B]
   Qr = T r + 1 – T r
Qr = 3(r + 1)2 + 2(r + 1) – 1– 3r2 – 2r + 1
r = 3(r2 + 2r + 1) + 2r + 2 – 3r2 – 2r
Vr = [2.r + (r – 1).(2r – 1)]
2 = 6r + 2 + 2
 V 1 + V2 + V3 + … + V n = 6r + 5
n 2 n  12 n n  12n  1 n n  1 Q1, Q2, Q3, … are in A.P. with common
= –  difference = 6
4 12 4
n n  1
= (3n2 + n + 2) Ans. Passage- 2 (Q. 16 to 18) [IIT-200]
12 Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric
and harmonic means, respectively, of two
Q.14 Tr is always -
(A) an odd number (B) in even number distinct positive numbers. For n  2, let An–1
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number and Hn–1 have arithmetic, geometric and
Sol [D] harmonic means as An, Gn, Hn respectively.
Vr = a1 + a2 + … + a r
r Q.16 Which one of the following statement is
= [2r + (r – 1) (2r – 1)] correct
2
(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ... (B) G1 < G2 < G3 < …
r
= [2r2 – r + 1] (C) G1 = G2 = G3 = …
2
(D) G1 < G3 < G5 < … & G2 > G4 > G6 > …
r2 r
= r3 – + Sol. [C]
2 2 Since A.M., G.M., and H.M. of two positive
T r = Vr + 1 – V r – 2 numbers are in G.P.
Qr = T r + 1 – T r
V 1 + V2 + V3 + … + V n  Gn = A n 1H n 1 = Gn – 1
n
r2 r This implies that G1 = G2 = G3 = …
r 3
–
2
+
2
r 1 Q.17 Which one of the following statements is correct?
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 29
 (A) A1 > A2 > A3 > …
(B) A1 < A2 < A3 < … Q.20 If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is cn2, then
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > … & A2 < A4 < A6 < … the sum of squares of these n terms, is :
[IIT-2009]
(D) A1 < A3 < A5 < … & A2 > A4 > A6 > … 2 2
n (4n – 1)c n (4n  1)c 2
2
Sol. [A] (A) (B)
A n 1  H n 1 6 3
An = Since A.M. H.M. 2
n (4n – 1)c 2
n (4n 2  1)c 2
2 (C) (D)
A  H n 1 3 6
An = n 1  An – 1 Sol.[C] Tn = Sn – Sn–1
2
A1 > A2 > A3 > … = cn2 – c(n –1)2
= cn2 – cn2 + 2cn – c
= 2cn – c
Q.18 Which one of the following statement is
Tn2 = c2 (2n –1)2 = c2 (4n2 – 4n +1)
correct?
(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > …  
Tn2 = c2 [4 n 2 – 4 n + n]
(B) H1 < H2 < H3 < …  4n (n  1) (2n  1) 4n (n  1) 
= c2    n
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > … and H2 < H4 < H6 < …  6 2 
(D) H1 < H3 < H5 < … and H2 > H4 > H6 > … nc 2
Sol. [B] = [8n2 + 12 n + 4 –12n –12 + 6]
6
2 1 1 1 1
= + > nc 2
Hn H n 1 A n 1 H n 1 A n 1 = [8n2 –2]
6
1 1 2
 + < nc 2 (4n 2  1)
H n 1 A n 1 H n 1 =
3
1 1
 < Q. 21 Let a1, a2, a3, …….., a11 be real numbers
Hn H n 1
satisfying a1 = 15, 27 –2a2 > 0 and ak =2ak–1 –
 H n – 1 < Hn ak–2 for k = 3, 4, …., 11. If
 H 1 < H2 < H3 < …
a 12  a 22  .....  a 11
2
= 90, then the value of
Q.19 Suppose for distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, 11
a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1, b2 = b1 + a2, b3 = b2 + a 1  a 2  .....  a 11
is equal to [IIT- 2010]
a3 and b4 = b3 + a4. 11
a  a k2
STATEMENT -1 Sol. [0]  ak–1 = k
The number b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor 2
2 2 2
in G.P. a  a 2  .....  a 11
so 1 = 90
STATEMENT- 2 11
The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P. [IIT 2008]  (a + (r –1) d)2 = 11 × 90
(A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; (a2 + 2ad (r –1) + (r –1)2d2) = 11 × 90
Statement–2 is a correct explanation for 10 11 10  11 21 2
11a2 + 2ad + d = 11 × 90
Statement–1. 2 6
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; so on solving d = –3
Statement–2 is NOT a correct explanation a  a 2  ......  a 11
for Statement–1 so 1
11
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False 11 1
(D) Statement–1 is False, Statement–2 is True = . . (2 × a1 + (11 –1) (–3))
2 11
Sol. [C] 1
Given that, b 1 = a1 = (30 – 30) = 0
2
b2 = a 1 + a 2
b3 = a 1 + a 2 + a 3
b4 = a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 Q.22 Let Sk, k = 1, 2, ……, 100, denote the sum of
 b1, b2, b3 and b4 are neither in A.P., G.P. nor in the infinite geometric series whose first term is
H.P.

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 30
 k 1 1 (A) 22 (B) 23
k and the common ratio is . Then the (C) 24 (D) 25
k! k
100 2 100
value of +  (k 2  3k  1) S k is – Sol. [D] a1 = 5 a20 = 25
100! k 1 1 1
T1 = T20 =
[IIT - 2010] 5 25
K 1 1
Sol.[4] Sk = T20 = + 19D =
K 5 25
100  1 1 1

K 1
|(k2 – 3k + 1)Sk| D=   
 25 5  19
100 20
(k 2 – 3k  1) = –
=1+1+ 
K 3
k –1
5(25)(19)
1 ( n  1)(20)
Tn = –
k –1 k 5 (125)(19)
=2+  k–2
–
k –1 ( 25)(19)  ( n  1)(20)
= <0
100 (125)(19)
=2+2– =4 (25) (19) < (n – 1) (20)
99
( 25)(19)
n–1>
Q.23 Let a1, a2, a3,..., a100 be an arithmetic progression (20)
p 5(19)
with a1 = 3 and Sp =  a , 1  p  100. For any
i 1
i
n>
4
+1

95
integer n with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If n> +1
4
Sm
does not depend on n, then a2 is. n > 23.75 + 1
Sn n > 24.75
[IIT - 2011] n = 25
Sol.[9] a1 = 3
5n
Sm [2a1  (5n  1) d ]
S5 n
= = 2
Sn Sn n
[2a1  (n  1) d ]
2
5[(6  d )  5nd ]
=
(6  d )  nd
S5 n
 is independent of n so d = 6
Sn
So a2 = a1 + d = 3 + 6 = 9

Q.24 The minimum value of the sum of real numbers

a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 with a > 0 is.
[IIT - 2011]
Sol. [8] A.M.  G.M.
a –5  a –4  a –3  a –3  a –3  1  a 8  a10
 (a–5.
8
a–4. a–3. a–3. a–3. 1. a8 .a10)1/8
a–5 + a–4 + a–3 + a–3 + a–3 + 1 + a8 + a10  8
so minimum value is 8

Q.25 Let a1, a2, a3, ....... be in harmonic progression

with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive
integer n for which an < 0 is [IIT - 2012]
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 31
 EXERCISE # 5
Q.1 The sum of three distinct numbers in G.P. is S ba ma  b
 p = A1 = a + d = a + p= …(1)
and the sum of their squares is S2, show that n 1 n 1
1 Let H1, H2 …. Hn be n harmonic means between a
 2 ] , 1 []1,3[ [IIT 1986] and b
3
1 1 1 1 1
 , , , … . is an A.P. with
Q.2 If the first and the (2n –1)th terms of an A.P., a a H1 H 2 Hn b
G.P. and a H.P. are equal an their nth terms are (a  b )
common difference D =
a, b and c respectively then find relation (n  1)ab
between a, b and c. [IIT-1988] 1 1
Sol. Consider the A.P. since a is equidistant from the   +D
q a
first term  and last term  of the A.P.
, a, are in A.P. 1 1 (a  b ) 1 nb  a
   =  =
a is the A.M. of  and  q a (n  1)ab q (n  1)ab
(n  b)ab
  q = …(2)
a = nb  a
2
From (1), we get
Similary b and c are the G.M. and H.M. of  and b = (n + 1) p – na putting in (2), we get
q [n(n + 1) p – n2 a + a] = (n + 1) a [(n + 1) p – na]
respectively then
 n (n + 1) a2 –{(n +1)2 p + (n2 – 1)q}a
2 + n
b=  and c =
  (n + 1) pq = 0
 na2 – {(n + 1) p + (n – 1)q} a + npq = 0
(G.M.)2 = (A.M.) (H.M.) Since 'a' is real, therefore
b2 = ac {(n + 1) p + (n – 1)q}2 – 4n2 pq > 0
 (n +1)2 p2 + (n – 1)2 q2 + 2 (n2 – 1) pq – 4n2 pq
and A.M.  G.M.  H.M.
0
a  b  c Ans.  (n + 1)2 p2 + (n – 1)2 q2 + 2(n2 + 1) pq  0
2
2(n 2  1)  n 1  2
q2 – pq +   p 0
 7 (n  1) 2  n 1 
Q.3 If log32, log3(2x –5), and log3  2x   are in
 2
  n  1  2
  n 1  2
2
arithmetic progression, determine the value of x. q2 – 1     pq +   p 0
  n  1    n 1 
[IIT 1990]
Sol. x=3   n  1  2 
(q – p) q    p > 0
Q.4 Let p be the first of the n arithmetic means   n  1  
between two numbers and q the first of n  n 1 
2

harmonic means between the same numbers.  q < p or q >   p

 n 1 
Show that q does not lie between p and
 n  1  2 
 n 1
2
   p  p
  p. [IIT 1991]  n  1  
 n 1 
2
Sol. Let two numbers be a and b and A1, A2, … An be  n 1 
Hence, q cannot lie between p and   p
n arithmetic means between a and b. Then a, A1,  n 1 
A2, …….. , An, b is A.P. with common difference
ba
Q.5 If S1, S2, S3,......, Sn are the sums of infinite
d= .
n 1 geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2,

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 32
 3, ......, n and whose common ratios are Q.7 The three real numbers x1, x2, x3 satisfying the
1 1 1 1 equation x3 – x2 + x +  = 0 are in A.P. Find
, , ,...... , respectively, then find
2 3 4 n 1 the intervals in which  and  lie. [IIT -1996]
the values of S12 + S 22 + S 32 + ..... + S 22 n 1 . Sol. Since x1, x2, x3 are in A.P. therefore, let x1 = a – d,
[IIT 1991] x2 = a and x3 = a + d and x1, x2, x3 are the roots of
Sol. Consider an infinite G.P. with first term 1, 2, 3 .. , x3 – x2 + x +  = 0
1 1 1 1 we have,
n and common ratios as , , ,…
2 3 4 n 1  = a – d + a + a + d = 1 …(1)
1  = (a – d)a + a (a + d) + (a – d)(a + d) =  …(2)
 S1 = =2
11/ 2  = (a –- d) a (a + d) = –  … (3)
1 From (1), we get 3a = 1  a = 1/3
S2 = =3
11/ 3 From (2), we get 3a2 – d2 = 
2n  1 2
S2n – 1 = = 2n 1
1  1 / 2n 3   – d2 = 
3
Thus S12  S 22  S32 + ….. S22n – 1
1
= 22 + 32 + 42 + … + (2n)2

 –  = d2
3
1 1
= (2n) (2n + 1) (4n + 1) – 1  –0 d2  0
6 3
Q.6 For any odd integer n  1 ; 1 1
    (– , ]
n3 – (n–1)3 +....... (–1)n–1 13 = .... [IIT-1996] 3 3
Sol. Since n is odd integer, (–1)n –1 = 1 and n – 1, n – 3, n
from (3), a (a2 – d2) = – 
– 5 ,… are even integers.
1 1 2 1 1 2
We have, n3 – (n –1)3 + (n – 2)3 – (n – 3)3 + … +     d  = –  – d = – 
3 9  27 3
(–1)n – 1 13
= n3 + (n – 1)3 + (n – 2)3 + … + 1 1
  = d2
13 – 2 [(n – 1)3 + (n – 3)3 + … + 23] 27 3
= n + (n – 1) + (n – 2)3 + … + 13 – 2 × 23
3 3
1
+ 0
 n  1  3  n  3  3  27
3
     ...  1 
 2   2   1
–
27
( n – 1, n – 3, … are even integers)
1
  , )
27
 n n  1 
2 2
 1  n  1  n  1  
=   – 16     1
 2   2  2  2  1
Hence  (– , ) and  [–1/27, )
3
=
1 2
n (n + 1)2 – 16
n  12 n  12
4 16  4
Q.8 Let x be the arithmetic mean and y, z be the
1 two geometric means between any two positive
= (n + 1)2 [n2 – (n – 1)2]
4
y3  z3
1 numbers. Then = ……. [IIT-1997]
= (n + 1)2 (2n – 1) Ans. xyz
4
Sol. 2

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 33
Q.9 Let p and q are roots of the equation x2 – 2x + A = 0 1
n

and r, s are roots of x2 – 18 x + B = 0 if p < q < r < s    = 81

r
are in A.P. then find the value of A and B.
1
[IIT-1997]  is an integer and n also an integer
r

Q.10 Let a1, a2, ..... a10 be in A.P. and h1, h2, ...... h10 be 1
 = 3, 9, or 81 for which n = 4, 2 or 1
in H.P. If a1 = h1 = 2 and a10 = h10 = 3, then find r
the value of a4h7. [IIT- 1999]  1  1
 a = 162 1   or 162 1   or
Sol. [D]  3  9
Let d be the common difference of the A.P.  1
162 1  
 a10 = a0 + 9d  81 
 3 = 2 + 9d a = 108 or 144 or 160. Ans.
 d = 1/9
Let d be the common difference of the Q.12 The fourth power of the common difference of
corresponding A.P. of the H.P. an arithmetic progression with integer entries is
1 1 added to the product of any four consecutive
  + 9D
h10 h1 terms of it. Prove that the resulting sum is the
square of an integer. [IIT-2000]
1 1 1
  – 9D  D = – Sol. Let a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d be any four
3 2 54
consecutive terms of an A.P. with common
Now a4= a1 + 3d = 2 + 3(1/9) = 7/3
difference 2d.
1 1 1  1  7 Hence P = (2d)4 + (a – 3d)(a – d)(a + d)(a + 3d)
and  + 6D = + 6   =
h 7 h1 2  54  18 = 16 d4 + (a2 – 9d2) (a2 – d2)
7 18 = (a2 – 5d2)2
 a4 h7 =  = 6 Ans.
3 7 Now, a2 – 5d2 = a2 – 9d2 + 4d2
= (a – 3d) (a + 3d) + (2d)2
Q.11 The sum of an infinite geometric series is 162
and the sum of its first n terms is 160. If the = I . I + I 2 = 2 I2  2d is an integer
inverse of its common ratio is an integer, find Where I is an integer
all possible values of the common ratio, n and Thus, P = (I)2 = Integer
the first term of the series. [REE-1999]
Q.13 Find the sum of the integers from 1 to 100
a
Sol. s = = 162 which are not divisible by 3 or 5 is-
1 r
[IIT -2000]
sn =

a 1 rn 
= 160 Sol. 1 – 100
1 r
100 101
on dividing, we get Total sum : 1 + 2 + .... 100 = = 5050
2
160 80 numbers divisible by 3
1 – rn = =
162 81 3, 6, 9 ......99
80 99 = 3 + (n – 1)3  n = 33
1– = rn 33
81 S3 = (6 + 32(3)) = 1683
2
1
or rn = numbers divisible by 5
81 5, 10, ..........100

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 34
 20 Sol. [A]
S5 = (10 + 19 × 5) = 1050
2 x = 1 + 3a + 6a2 + 10 a3 + … …(1)
numbers divisible by 15 ax = a + 3a2 + 6a3 …(2)
15, 30 ...... 90
on subtracting (1) and (2).
6
S15 = (105) = 315  x (1 – a) = 1+ 2a + 3a2 + 4a3 + …
2
Sum = 5050 – (1683 + 1050) + 315 The series is A.G.P.
= 2632 A dR
S 
1  R 1  R 2
Q.14 Find the sum to n terms of the series
4 7 10 1 a 1
1 – + 2 – 3 + ......  x(1 – a) = + =
2 2 2 1 a 1  a 2
1  a 2
4 7 10 1
Sol. S=1– + 2 – 3 + .... n terms x=
2 2 2 1  a 3
1
Put r = – (1 – a)3 = x–1 or a= 1 – x–1/3
2
S = 1 + 4r + 7r2 + 10r3 + ...... (3n – 2)rn–1 similarly, b = 1 – y–1/4
S = 1 + 4r + 7r2 + ......... (3n – 5)rn–2 + (3n – 2)rn–1 1 2ab
S= +
Sr = r + 4r2 + 7r3 + ......... (3n – 5)rn–1 + (3n – 2)rn 1  ab 1  ab2
S(1 – r) = 1 + 3r + 3r2 + 3r3 +...... 3rn–1 – (3n – 2)rn
S(1 – r) = 1 + 3r(1+ r + r2 ...... rn–2) 1  ab
S=
(n – 1) terms 1  ab2
 1  r n 1 
S(1 – r) = 1 + 3r(1)   – (3n – 2)rn S=
  
1  1  x 1 / 3 1  y 1 / 4
Ans.
 1 r 
  1  1  x  1  y 
1 / 3 1 / 4 2

1 3r (1  r n 1 ) (3n  2)r n
S= + –
1 r (1  r ) 2 1 r
1
Put r = – and solve.
2

Q.15 Let x = 1 + 3a + 6a2 + 10a3 + .............. |a| < 1,

y = 1 + 4b + 10b2 + 20b3 + .............. |b| < 1.
Then find S = 1 + 3 (ab) + 5 (ab)2 + .........in
terms of x and y.

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 35
 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # 1
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. A C A D A D C B A A,B A A C B B A A A B D
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. D D B B B A D B B A A,B C A B C A B B C A,B
Que. 41
Ans. B,C

EXERCISE # 2
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (A)
8 . (C) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (A)
15. (D) 16. (C, D) 17. (A, C) 18. (A, C) 19. (B, C) 20. (A, C) 21. (B, C)
d  1 
22. (A, C) 23. (False) 24. (False) 25. (False) 26. (492 + 2) 27. (2a  ) 28.  
2  201 
29. (A) 30. (A) 31. (B) 32. (A)
33. (A  P, B  P, C  Q, D  S) 34. (A  R, B  P, C  S, D  Q)

EXERCISE # 3
1. 2 3. 8, 12, 16, .... 6. 9/5
7. (A) (i) 2n+1 –3; 2n+2 – 4 – 3n (B) n2 + 4n + 1; n (n + 1) (2n + 13) + n ;
2
1 x  35 12n  7 35
(C)   ; (D) – &
1 x  16 16. 5 n 1 16
8. n (2n3 + 8n2 + 7n – 2) 9. 32 cm2 10. a = 1, b = 3 or b = 1, a = 3

12. a = 1, b = 9 or b = 1, a = 9
13. (i) sn = (1 / 12) – [1 / {4(2n + 1) (2n + 3)} ] ; s = 1 / 12

(ii) (1 / 5) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4) (iii) n / (2n + 1)

1 2n 1
14. n (n + 1) / 2 (n2 + n + 1) 15. – n 1
x 1 x2 1

n (3n 3  15n 2  25n  25)

16. 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (A)
6 ( n  1) ( n  3)
21. (B) 22. (D) 23. (B) 24. (A) 25. (A)

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 36
 EXERCISE # 4
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (G1G2 .... Gn)1/n = [A1H1. A2H2 .... An Hn]1/2n

5. (A) 6. (D) 9. (B) 11. (C) 12. 5 13. (B) 14. (D)

15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (C) 21. 0

22. 4 23. 9 24. 8 25. (D)

EXERCISE # 5

n (2n  1) ( 4n  1)  3
2. ac–b2 = 0 & a  b  c 3. x = 3 5.
3
1
6. (2n – 1) (n + 1)2 7.   (– , 1 / 3] &  [– 1 / 27, ) 8. 2 10. 6
4
1 1 1
11. r = , , ; n = 4, 2, 1; a = 108, 144, 160 13. 2632 14. n(–1/2)n–1
3 9 81

1  (1  x –1 / 3 ) (1  y 1 / 4 )
15.
{1  (1  x 1 / 3 ) (1  y 1 / 4 )} 2

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 PROGRESSION 37