CIRCULAR MEASURE

1) Convert the following angles, measured in radians, to degrees.

2
a) , b) , c) , d) , e) 4 , f) 2 radians,
2 5 3
5
g) 0 5 radians, h) .
4

2) Convert the following angles, measured in degrees, to radians.

a) 45o, b) 60o, c) 15o, d) 360o, e) 150o, f) 180o, g) 300o,
h) 400o, i) 270o.

3) Solve the equation 2 cos x = 3 for x . (Radians!)

4) Solve the equation tan x = 2 for 0 x 2 . (Radians!)

5) Solve the equation 2cos2 x + cos x 1 = 0 for 0 x < 2 . {Hint: factorise!}

6) On graph paper, taking from 0 to radians, draw the graph of y = sin .

[Plot values of along the horizontal axis at 0, 0 2, 0 4, . . . etc. ]
By drawing on your graph a suitable straight line, the equation of which must be stated, find the
approximate root of the equation 2 sin = 0 for between 0 and radians.

3
7) Sketch on the same diagram, for values of x between 0 and radians, the graphs of
2
i) y = tan x, and ii) y = k x , where k is a positive constant.
3
Hence find the number of roots of the equation tan x = k x for which 0 x .
2
Given further that k is an integer and the equation tan x = k x has a root between x = 1 35 and 1 36 ,
find the value of k.

3
8) Sketch on the same diagram, for values of x between 0 and , the graphs of
4
i) y = tan 2x, and ii) y = k x 2, where k is a positive constant.
3
Hence find the number of roots of the equation tan 2x = k x 2 for which 0 x .
4
Show that the equation tan 2x = 2 x2 has a root between x = 0 5 and x = 0 6.

9) Sketch on the same diagram, for values of x between 0 and , the graphs of
i) y = sin x, and ii) y = 2x .
2
Hence find the number of roots of the equation sin x = 2x for which 0 x .
2
Verify by calculation that the equation sin x = 2x has a root between x = 1 2 and x = 1 3.
2

*Find all positive integers k such that the equation sin x = 2x k has NO roots in the range 0 x .

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10) For each of the following, find i) the length of the arc PQ, ii) the area of the sector POQ.
P
a) P b)

10 cm
3 5 cm

O 72 O 5
6

3 5 cm 10 cm

Q
Q

11) In the following diagram, find i) the length of the arc PQ,

ii) the area of the sector POQ,

P
and iii) the area of the shaded segment.
4 2 cm

O 3

12) An angle subtends an arc PQ of length 15 cm in a circle, centre O, diameter 6 5 cm.

Find the value of and the area of the sector POQ. {See diagram.}
P

15 cm
O

13) The diagram shows a circle of radius 10 cm. M is the mid point of the chord AB and the length of MN is
2 cm.
N
i) Find the area of the major (shaded) segment. 2 cm
A M B
{Hint: you might find it easier to work out the area
of the minor segment first etc.}

ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region (including the line AB).

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 A
14) The diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius r, and a chord AB
which subtends an angle radians at O. r

i) Express the area of the shaded segment in terms of r and . O

ii) Given that the area of this segment is one third of the area of the
triangle AOB, show that 3 4sin = 0.
B
iii) Find the positive value of satisfying 3 4sin = 0 to within 0 1 radians, by tabulating values of
3 4sin and searching for a sign change, or otherwise.

D
15) In the diagram, ABC is an arc of a circle with centre O and radius 5 cm.
The lines AD and CD are tangents to the circle at A and C respectively.
2
Angle AOC = radians. Calculate the area of the region enclosed by AD, DC
3
and the arc ABC, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
B

A C
2
3 5 cm
O

B
16) The diagram shows an arc ABC of a circle with centre O and radius r, and the
chord AC. The length of the arc ABC is s, and angle AOC = radians.
Express in terms of r and s, and deduce that the area of triangle AOC may
be expressed as O
r
1 2 s A C
r sin 2 .
2 r

Show, by a graphical argument based on a sketch of y = sin x, or otherwise, that

sin( 2 ) = sin , where is any angle measured in radians.

Given that the area of triangle AOC is equal to one fifth of the area of the major sector OABC, show that
s s
+ 5 sin = 0.
r r

P Q
17) The diagram shows a sector of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm.
Angle POQ = 0 6 radians. Calculate the length of arc PQ and the
area of sector POQ.
6 cm

0.6

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18) The diagram shows two circles, with centres A and B, which touch at C. The radius of each circle is r.
The points D and E, one on each circle, are such that DE is parallel to the line ACB. Each of the angles
1 D E
DAC and EBC is radians, where 0 < < .
2
r r
Express the length of DE in terms of r and .

The length of DE is equal to the length of each of the minor A B

C
arcs CD and CE.

i) Show that + 2 cos 2 = 0.

1
ii) Sketch the graph of y = cos for 0 < < . By drawing on your graph a suitable straight
2
line, the equation of which must be stated, show that the equation + 2 cos 2 = 0 has
1
exactly one root in the interval 0 < < .
2

iii) Verify by calculation that lies between 1 10 and 1 11 .

19) Fig. 1 shows a sector of a circle with centre O and radius r, and a chord AB which subtends an
angle radians at O, where 0 < < .

Express the area of the shaded segment in terms of r

and . B
A
Use the cosine rule to express (AB)2 in terms of r
and . r

Fig. 1
D C
A square ABCD is now drawn, as shown in Fig. 2.
It is given that the area of the shaded segment is exactly
one-eighth of the area of the square.
Show that
2 2 sin + cos 1 = 0.

Hence show that lies between 1 and 2, and find correct

to 1 decimal place.

{Use trial & improvement!}

A B

Fig. 2

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Answers.
1) a) 180 , b) 90 , c) 36 , d) 120 , e) 720 , f) 114 6 , g) 28 6 , h) 225 .
2) a) 4 , b) 3 , c) 12 , d) 2 , e) 56 , f) , g) 53 , h) 209 , i) 32 .

3) x = or x = .
6 6
4) x = 1 1 or x = 4 2 . (Radians.)
5
5) x = or x = or x = .
3 3
6) Draw the line y = 2 . 1 92 radians.
7) The equation has 2 roots. k = 6.
8) The equation has 2 roots.
9) The equation has 1 root. k > 2 , i.e. k = 7, 8, 9, … etc.
10) a) Length = 4 40 cm, area = 7 70 cm2, b) length = 26 18 cm, area = 130 90 cm2.
11) i) 4 40 cm, ii) 9 24 cm2, iii) 1 60 cm2.
12) = 4 615 radians or 264 44 , area of sector = 24.375 cm2.
13) i) 297 81 cm2, ii) 61 96 cm.
1 1 2
14) i) r2 r sin , iii) = 1 3 radians to the nearest 0 1 radian.
2 2
15) 17 12cm2.
s
16) = 2 r .

17) arc length PQ = 3 6 cm, area of sector POQ = 10 8 cm2.

18) DE = 2r 2rcos . ii) Draw y = 1 21 .
1 1 2
19) Area of segment = r2 r sin , (AB)2 = 2r2 2r2cos , = 1 4 to 1 decimal place.
2 2

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