Song Duration Hypothesis Testing Project

By: Gregory Burnet, Rob Kress, Matt Gregor, and Aiden Ward

Introduction: Pop Smoke and YoungBoy Never Broke Again are two very successful and
popular American rappers. Some fans have asked the question: “Which of the two rappers tend
to have longer songs (in seconds)?” A random sample of 35 songs and their durations (in
seconds) was taken from each rapper's discography. To collect these samples, only the published
and released songs on Apple Music were used. Below are the lengths of those songs:

Pop Smoke

190s 216s 185s 156s 161s

223s 190s 214s 181s 182s
164s 106s 212s 151s 201s
160s 202s 197s 202s 104s
165s 178s 215s 259s 150s
170s 174s 171s 182s 188s
160s 118s 177s 228s 190s

YoungBoy Never Broke Again

129s 155s 158s 184s 206s

176s 159s 185s 161s 162s
168s 209s 169s 192s 129s
159s 192s 240s 163s 198s
153s 204s 155s 160s 211s
168s 193s 175s 194s 185s
170s 265s 189s 148s 192s

Source: “Get Millions of Songs. All Ad-Free.” Apple Music, https://music.apple.com/us/listen-now.

Claim: The mean length of Pop Smoke songs is longer than the mean length of YoungBoy Never

Broke Again songs. This report tests the claim at 0.05 level in significance.
HYPOTHESIS TEST:

Since there is not enough information to determine if the population variances are equal or not,
both tests are run.
Assume population variances are equal: Assume population variances are not equal:

H0: µ1 = µ2 H0: µ1 = µ2
Ha: µ1 > µ2 (claim) Ha: µ1 > µ2 (claim)
x̄1 = 180.6285714 x̄2 = 178.7428571 x̄1 = 180.6285714 x̄2 = 178.7428571
𝑠1 = 32.7477756 𝑠2 = 27.96357174 𝑠1 = 32.7477756 𝑠2 = 27.96357174
𝑛1 = 35 𝑛2 = 35 𝑛1 = 35 𝑛2 = 35

𝑡 180.6285714 − 178.7428571 − 0
180.6285714 − 178.7428571 − 0 𝑡=
2 2
= √(32.7477756) + (27.96357174)
2 2 35 35
√(34)(32.7477756) + (34)(27.96357174) √ 1 + 1
35 + 35 − 2 35 35
𝑡 = . 2590662065
𝑡 = .0827789255

𝑝 = tcdf(. 2590662065,1E99, 34)

𝑝 = tcdf(.2590662065,1E99, 68)
𝑝 = .3982 > α=.05 Fail to Reject H0
There is not enough evidence to support the claim
that the mean length of Pop Smoke’s songs is
longer than the mean length of YoungBoy Never
Broke Again’s songs.
𝑝 = .3986 > α=.05 Fail to Reject H0
There is not enough evidence to support the claim
that the mean length of Pop Smoke’s songs is
longer than the mean length of YoungBoy Never
Broke Again’s songs.
The test results both display small t values and large P-Values. This suggests that there is not
enough evidence to support the claim that the mean length of Pop Smoke songs is longer than
the mean length of YoungBoy Never Broke Again songs. Based on both tests they have small t
values and large P-values which suggests there is not enough evidence to support the claim that
the mean length of Pop Smoke’s songs are longer than the mean song length of YoungBoy
Never Broke Again’s song length.

STAT KEY:

The claim can be tested by utilizing a simulation of the sample data. The picture below contains
the difference between the sample means 𝑥1 − 𝑥2   = 180.6285714 − 178.7428571  =
 1.8857143The durations of YoungBoy Never Broke Again songs are plotted in the top row
while the durations of Pop Smoke songs are plotted in the bottom row. The location of the mean
of each data set is shown by the green arrows.

The images below depict a simulation which takes two random samples of song durations from
the population and assesses the difference between means. StatKey makes it possible to collect
a large sample (over 5000), confirm that the samples have an approximately normal
distribution, and then find the P-value of the hypothesis test; the P-value is the probability of
obtaining a sample statistic with a value as extreme or more extreme than the one found in the
sample data. The sample statistic, which is the difference between sample means, is 1.89 in the
sample data. The goal is to find the probability of getting a data value as extreme as this one.
A single random sample generated from the population gives a difference between means of
–1.09. This is shown by the dot on the left side of the graph.

When a second random sample is produced from the population, the difference between
means is 6.29. The sample size of two is shown on the dotplots by the two dots.

The next dotplot has 110 random samples produced from the population. The difference
between means is –4.34 for the 110th sample. The 110 data plots are spread out, but they are
starting to develop a somewhat normal curve.
The following dotplot has many more samples. There are 5110 random samples generated from
the population. The difference between means of the 5110th sample is 7.31. The sample data
depicts a symmetric, bell-shaped distribution; the large sample size means that this distribution
is an approximately normal distribution. The mean of the collected samples is –0.137. This
number is somewhat close to zero which is typical for symmetric, bell-shaped distribution.

Since we are testing for a difference between means of song duration, specifically that the
duration of Pop Smoke songs is longer than the duration of YoungBoy Never Broke Again songs
(𝜇1 > 𝜇2 ), the test is right tailed. The dotplot indicates the probability of obtaining a sample
statistic with a value as extreme or more extreme than the one determined by the sample data.
The sample statistic (difference between sample means) collected from the sample data is 1.89.
The goal is to determine the probability of getting a data value as extreme as this.
When I plot the value 1.89 on the x-axis (shown by the red arrow), the P-Value collected is at
0.394 which is a large P-value. This leads to the conclusion that I should fail to reject H0, and I
do not have enough evidence to support the claim that Pop Smoke songs have longer durations
than YoungBoy Never Broke Again songs.
 Works Cited
“30 (Feat. Bizzy Banks) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 16 July 2021,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/30-feat-bizzy-banks/1576273443?i=1576273828.
“38 Heights by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 20 Dec. 2018,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/38-heights/1447442327?i=1447442335.
“44 Bulldog by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020, https://music.apple.com/us/album/44-
bulldog/1521889004?i=1521889286.
“Ai Nash by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 24 Apr. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/ai-nash/1509735857?i=1509736900.
“Anomaly by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 7 Sept. 2018,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/anomaly/1436651757?i=1436651768.
“AP (Music from the Film ‘Boogie’) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 26 Feb. 2021,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/ap-music-from-the-film-
boogie/1554406670?i=1554406873.
“Astronaut Kid by Youngboy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 27 Apr. 2018,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/astronaut-kid/1404460797?i=1404461808.
“Backseat (Feat. PNB Rock) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/backseat-feat-pnb-rock/1524127369?i=1524127555.
“Bandit by Juice Wrld & YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 4 Oct. 2019,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/bandit/1481647215?i=1481647222.
“Beat the Speaker by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 16 July 2021,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/beat-the-speaker/1576273443?i=1576273831.
“Bring the Hook by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 21 Jan. 2022,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/bring-the-hook/1607411220?i=1607411756.
“Brother Man by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 26 July 2019,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/brother-man/1473525230?i=1473525515.
“Christopher Walking by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 7 Feb. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/christopher-walking/1497237692?i=1497237913.
“Creature (Feat. Swae Lee) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/creature-feat-swae-lee/1521889004?i=1521889698.
“Cross Roads by Youngboy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 11 Sept. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/cross-roads/1530122403?i=1530122786.
“Dead Trollz by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 11 Sept. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/dead-trollz/1530122403?i=1530123165.
“Diana (Feat. King Combs) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/diana-feat-king-combs/1521889004?i=1521890079.
“Dior by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 26 July 2019,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/dior/1473525230?i=1473525510.
“Doomed by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 13 Nov. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/doomed/1540194795?i=1540194814.
“Drawing Symbols by Youngboy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 14 Sept. 2018,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/drawing-symbols/1435976989?i=1435977010.
“Dreaming by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 7 Feb. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/dreaming/1497237692?i=1497237927.
“Enjoy Yourself (Feat. Karol G) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/enjoy-yourself-feat-karol-g/1521889004?i=1521889934.
“Fine by Time by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 21 Feb. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/fine-by-time/1498288784?i=1498288789.
“Fish Scale by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 21 Jan. 2022,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/fish-scale/1607411220?i=1607411758.
“For the Night (Feat. Lil Baby & Dababy) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/for-the-night-feat-lil-baby-
dababy/1521889004?i=1521889285.
“Foreigner (Feat. A Boogie Wit Da Hoodie) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 7 Feb. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/foreigner-feat-a-boogie-wit-da-
hoodie/1497237692?i=1497237914.
“Gangstas by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/gangstas/1521889004?i=1521889289.
“Gatti by JACKBOYS, Pop Smoke & Travis Scott.” Apple Music, 27 Dec. 2019,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/gatti/1492785997?i=1492786018.
“Genie by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 27 Apr. 2018,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/genie/1404460797?i=1404462212.
“Got It on Me by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, https://music.apple.com/us/album/got-it-on-
me/1524127369?i=1524127542.
“Graffiti by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 4 Aug. 2017,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/graffiti/1266332358?i=1266332561.
“Hawk Em by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 26 July 2019, https://music.apple.com/us/album/hawk-
em/1473525230?i=1473525324.
“Hello (Feat. A Boogie Wit Da Hoodie) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/hello-feat-a-boogie-wit-da-
hoodie/1524127369?i=1524127560.
“Hotel Lobby by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, https://music.apple.com/us/album/hotel-
lobby/1524127369?i=1524127545.
“House Arrest Tingz by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 11 Sept. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/house-arrest-tingz/1530122403?i=1530123446.
“Hypnotized by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 30 Nov. 2018,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/hypnotized/1445206873?i=1445206892.
“I Ain't Scared by Youngboy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 17 Apr. 2021,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/i-aint-scared/1563093682?i=1563093685.
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woo/1524127369?i=1524127550.
“Level I Want to Reach by Youngboy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 24 Sept. 2021,
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“Lil Top by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 21 Feb. 2020,
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“Long Live by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 21 Jan. 2022,
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“Make It Rain (Feat. Rowdy Rebel) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020,
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rebel/1521889004?i=1521889707.
“Make No Sense by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 11 Oct. 2019,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/make-no-sense/1482953223?i=1482953520.
“My Window (Feat. Lil Wayne) by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 11 Sept.
2020, https://music.apple.com/us/album/my-window-feat-lil-
wayne/1530122403?i=1530123020.
“Nevada by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 24 Sept. 2021,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/nevada/1589050995?i=1589051544.
“No Smoke by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 4 Aug. 2017,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/no-smoke/1266332358?i=1266332371.
“On the Rest by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 24 Apr. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/on-the-rest/1509735857?i=1509736915.
“Outside Today by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 27 Apr. 2018,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/outside-today/1404460797?i=1404461672.
“Paranoia (Feat. Gunna & Young Thug) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/paranoia-feat-gunna-young-
thug/1524127369?i=1524127558.
“Permanent Scar (Feat. Young Thug and Quando Rondo) by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.”
Apple Music, 14 Sept. 2018, https://music.apple.com/us/album/permanent-scar-feat-young-
thug-and-quando-rondo/1435976989?i=1435977008.
“Ranada by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 11 Oct. 2019,
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“Rebel's Kick It by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 11 Oct. 2019,
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“Right or Wrong (Feat. Future) by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 27 Apr. 2018,
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“Shake the Room (Feat. Quavo) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 7 Feb. 2020,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/shake-the-room-feat-quavo/1497237692?i=1497237906.
“Slime Belief by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 20 Dec. 2018,
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williams/1576273443?i=1576274298.
“Stuck in the Jungle by French Montana, Pop Smoke & Lil Durk.” Apple Music, 19 Nov. 2021,
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foreign/1497237692?i=1497237915.
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t/1576273443?i=1576273814.
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“Top Shotta (Feat. Pusha T, Travi & Beam) by Pop Smoke & the Neptunes.” Apple Music, 16
July 2021, https://music.apple.com/us/album/top-shotta-feat-pusha-t-travi-
beam/1576281359?i=1576281462.
“Valuable Pain by YoungBoy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 20 Dec. 2018,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/valuable-pain/1447442327?i=1447442333.
“War (Feat. Lil Tjay) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 4 Oct. 2019,
https://music.apple.com/us/album/war-feat-lil-tjay/1481498846?i=1481498860.
“Welcome to the Party by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 26 July 2019,
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“What You Know Bout Love by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020,
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“What's Crackin (Feat. Takeoff) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 16 July 2021,
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“Win Your Love by Youngboy Never Broke Again.” Apple Music, 24 Apr. 2020,
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“The Woo (Feat. 50 Cent & Roddy Ricch) by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, 3 July 2020,
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ricch/1521889004?i=1521889713.
“Yea Yea by Pop Smoke.” Apple Music, https://music.apple.com/us/album/yea-

yea/1524127369?i=1524127380.