Students Medical D 00 Go Ulu of T

s
A DICTIONARY of NEW
MEDICAL TERMS
Being a Supplement to "Gould's Illustrated Dictionary of Med-
icine, Biology, and Allied Sciences." Consisting of 571
double-column pages, uniform in size and type
with the "Illustrated." Containing upward of
38,000 terms, definitions, and tables.
By GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D.

^^
Editor of American Medicine''; President, i8gj-^4, American Academy
of Medicine.
'T~'HIS book has been prepared upon the same systematic, practical, and
^
comprehensive plan which has made Dr. Gould's Dictionaries the
standard authority throughout the English-speaking world, and has re-
sulted in a sale of over 205,000 copies. ...
It is not only a supple-
ment to Dr. Gould's, but to all other dictionaries, and will be found to
furnish information where others fail.
" This work one that no medical reader can well dispense with it is a supplement not oiilv
is ;
to Gould's Dictionary-, but to all others— of which the name is legion. It contains many titles iiit
to be found in even the latest of the medical dictionaries, and will be found useful to the pi —
sessor of any of these. It is of course not a complete medical dictionary it is only and this is — :i'il
—
;
that it claims to be a supplement to other dictionaries, but as such it is worthy of all praise. lie '1
—
user of it can rely on the definitions, andjie will find few words n ot defined." Medical Recoid.
New York.
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Large Square Octavo, Uniform with "77/<? Illustrated.'' Leather or Half

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THE STUDENT'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY
GOULD
RECOMMENDATIONS AND PRESS NOTICES
OF PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF
GOULD'S STUDENT'S MEDICAL

D1CT10NARY,A^/ ,^
" One book is that the reader can ahnost invariably find the definition
feature of the
pleasing
under the word he looks without being referred from one place to another, as is too com
for,
monly the case in medical dictionaries. iThe tables of the bacilli, micrococci, leucomains and
ptoniains are excellent, ami
contain a large amount of information in a limited space. The
anatomical tables are also Concise and clear. We should unhesitatingly recommend
—
. . .
this dictionary to our readers, feeling sure that it will prove of much value to them." American
Journal of Medical Science.
"
Again and again we have submitted the book to tests, and we have found it reliable and
full, every page giving proof of careful editing and research. It is sufficiently large to meet the
w/requirements of any ordinary practitioner. Of course, the bespectacled, polysyllabic, home-from-

UMBerlin young man could not take pleasure or feel satisfied in anything short of a multi-volumi-
/nous work but, like the Heathen, he is a law unto himself, and may safely be left out of
;
^^calculation in practical therapeutics. In addition to the dictionary proper we have elaborate

tables of bacilli, micrococci, leucomains and ptomains, and all such infinitesimal creatures as
we to-day build laboratories to hatch tables with analyses of American mineral waters, some
;
of which waters will soon, we believe, be found in our midst and tables of vital statistics.
;
All this great mass of information is excellently arranged, so that the reader has no difficulty
in at once finding what he wants, and the type is beautifully clear, there being no blurring, so
that reading is a pleasure! As we turn over the pages we are grateful for the free-trade system
that admits, free of duty, such a useful and desirable book." —
T/ie Dublin Joiir)ial of Medical
Science. , .
" We kno w of no
work ir* which so many important and yet isolated facts may be obtained
without great expenditure of time. The tables of muscles, nerves, arteries, etc., seem to be
very complete, and in looking through the dictionary, we were struck by the good presswork,
clear type, and hantlsome paper, while no one of the many words which it occurred to us to look
for have been found absent." —
Therapeutic Gazette. i
^ ^''
4» i /\ f^
'
t
" a handy, concise and accurate, and complete medical dictionary it decidedly claims a
As
very high place among works of this description. In fact, taking handiness and cheapness into
account, we certainly think this is the general practitioner's model dictionary, and we cordially
recommend it to our readers. The definitions are for the most part terse and accurate, and the
derivations up to modern lights." —
British Medical Journal.
" I find itan excellent work, doing credit to the learning and discrimination of the
author." — Dr. J. M. Da Costa, Prof, of Practice of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College.
" In
gynecology, ophthalmology, otology, and laryngology ; in biology, embryology, physi-
ology, and pathology; in electro-therapeutics, and in the newly-developed fields of bac-
teriology, ptomains and leucomains, the aim has been evidently to issue an authoritative text-ljook,
one that should be ample in its vocabulary, concise in its definitions, compact in its arrangement,
and convenient of size for the everyday use of busy practitioners and as a handbook for
medical students. The author, in this respect, is to be congratulated upon his success, and so
far as a careful examination enables us to judge, it faithfully represent.- the medical literature of
'
to-day. —Journal of American Medical Association.

''
" The work of Dr. Gould claims to be

essentially a new work, all de.'nitions being framed
'by the direct aid of new, standard, and authoritative text-books.' It certainly bears very little
resemblance to previous works of the kind, in nearly all of which a great deal of space is
devoted to obsolete terms. More complete and more up to date than any other medi-
. . .
cal dictionary of similar dimensions in our own, or, indeed, as far as we know, in any other
language."
— London Lancet.
\
THE STUDENT'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY
INCLUDING ALL THE WORDS AND PHRASES GENERALLY
USED IN MEDICINE, WITH THEIR PROPER PRO-
NUNCIATION AND DEFINITIONS
BASED ON RECENT MEDICAL LITERATURE
BY
GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D.

AUTHOR OF "an ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, AND ALLIED SCIENCES," "30,000
MEDICAL WORDS PRONOUNCED AND DEFINED/' "THE MEANING AND THE METHOD OF LIFE,"
"BORDERLAND STUDIES"; "BIOGRAPHIC CLINICS "; EDITOR
"AMERICAN medicine"
WITH ELABORATE TABLES OF THE BACILLL MICROCOCCL LEUCOMAINS, PTOMAINS

ETC.; OF THE ARTERIES, GANGLIA, MUSCLES, AND NERVES; OF WEIGHTS
AND MEASURES, ANALYSES OF THE WATERS OF THE MINERAL
SPRINGS OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC., ETC.
AND A NEW TABLE OF EPONYMIC TERMS AND TESTS
ELEVENTH EDITION, ENLARGED

WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS
PHILADELPHIA
P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO,
IOI2 WALNUT STREET
1906
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x'dl^
^0£
Copyrighted, 1900, by P. Blakiston's Son & Co.
SEEN BY
PRESIiRVATION
StK VICES
DATE
%:.
WM. F. FELL & CO.,

ELECTROTYPERS AND PRtNTERS,
1220-24 SANSOM STREET.
PHILADELPHIA.
PREFACE TO ELEVENTH EDITION.
This edition has been enlarged by over a hundred pages. It contains a
new table of eponymic Terms and Tests, prepared especially for it, and a
large number of illustrations,

—a feature that has proved so useful in the
larger book that I would secure its many advantages for the student. Despite
their popularity, the older editions were unsatisfactory to me, and, when
making the tenth revision, I determined to replace them by one that should
more fully represent the recent rapid progress in medical science, and
that would more adequately meet the ordinary lexicographic demands of the
student and the practising physician.
The Illustrated Medical Dictionary issued in 1894 (the fifth edition
in 1900) is more encyclopedic than the forelying volume, has many new and
large tables or groupings of systematized medical facts, such as those of
Stains, Parasites, Pigments, Tests, etc., of too special character to be fitting
in the present book, and includes Biology and other sciences closely related
to medicine. Thus to the larger work one is referred for the more com-
plete information desired by the physician, the educated layman, the lawyer,
and the student of the more highly specialized branches of medicine.
This, the Student's Medical Dictionary, is especially adapted to the
wants of medical students. It can not be used as a substitute for, but rather
as an introduction to, "The Illustrated," or for a brief suggestion of a more

extended or half- forgotten definition. In it one will find correct and suc-
cinct definitions of all the more common words likely to be found in the
usual text-books, compends, lectures, tables of anatomic facts, etc., of those

PREFACE TO ELEVENTH EDITION.
engaged in the study of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy, or in the early
years of practice.
Much care has been given to the difficult subject of pronunciation, and
what has seemed as the most commendable method of pronouncing each
word has been sought, and a simple, easily understood manner of expressing
the same has been adopted, that does away with all diacritic marks and
bothersome as well as doubtful means, so that "he who runs may read."
A vigorous endeavor has been made to keep the volume within the
limit of a "handy" size and a low price, and the cordial cooperation of
both publisher and printer has in this respect resulted in success.
I am unable to express my gratitude to Dr. David Riesman, who has
unreservedly devoted to the work a scholarship and a painstaking conscien-

tiousness of which every line bears evidence. I also wish to acknowledge
my indebtedness to Dr. Clarence W. Lincoln and Dr. Emma Billstein for
valuable assistance.
GEORGE M. GOULD.
August, igoo.
\
ABBREVIATIONS.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN GENERAL MEDICINE.

a&. . . . . ana Of each. Cent Centigrade.
A. c. . . . Ante cibum .... Before meals. Cg Centigram.
Abdom. . Abdomen The belly. Cm. . . . Cras mane
To - morrow morn*
Abs. feb. ,,
Absente . u r
febre (When fever is ab- •{ ing.
. . .
j g^j^^^ cm Centimeter.
Abstr. . . Abstractum .... Abstract.
C. m.s Cras mane su- To be taken to-mor-
Ad Adde Add. mendus, row morning.
(At pleasure, as de- Cras nocte To-morrow night
Ad lib. . . Ad libitum . . .
sired. Co
.
Cobalt.
\
Admoveatur Let it be applied.
. . . Cochl. . . Cochleare . .
Spoonful.
Ad pond us onini (To the weight of Cochl. f Cochleare am-
A
the wliole. tablespoonful.
um, \ ampl., 1 plum.
Adversum . . . .
Against. Cochl. / Cochleare in- A
While fever is com- teaspoonful.
Aggrediente f infant., | fantis,
febre. on. Cochl. Cochleare mag-
Aluminum
\ iiig
Alnminum.
A tablespoonful.
. . . . mag., num,
Alterius diebus . . Every other day. Cochl. Cochleare me- A dessertspoonful.
Alterius horis . . .
Every other hour. med., dium.
Alvo adstriclo I
The bowels being Cochl. Cochleare par-
A
.
confined. teaspoonful.
I parv., (. vum,
Alvi dejectiones, / The intestinal evac- Col. . . . Cola Strain.
\ nations. Colat. . . Colatus .... Strained.
Anatomy. Colet. . . Coletur .... Let it be strained.
Aqua Water. Color. . . Coloretur . . . Let it be colored.
Aqua astricta . . . Ice. Comp. . .
Compositus . .
Compound.
Aqua bulliens . . . Boiling water. Cong. . .
Congius . . . A gallon.
Aqua communis . Common water. Cons. . . Conserva . . .
Keep.
Aqua destillata . . Distilled water. Coq. . . .
Coque .... Boil.
Aqua fervens Hot water. Cort. . . . Cortex .... Bark.
Aqua fontana .
Spring water. Crast. . . Crastinus . . . For to-morrow.
Aqua marina . Ocean water. Crys. . . .
Crystal.
Aqua pura . . Pure water. Cs Cesium.
Arsenic. Cu Cujirum . .
Copper.
Atomic weight. Cuj. Cujus .... Of which.
{
. . .
Avoirdupois. C. V. . . . Cras vespere

To - morrow even-
Boron. ing.
Barium. Cyath. . .
Cyathus . . A glassful.
Balneum arenae, , Sand bath. D. . . . Dosis Da ; . . A dose Give.;
Balsamum . . , Balsam. Decub. . . Decubitus . .

Lying down.
Beryllium. De d. in d. De die in diem From day to day.
Bismuth. Deg. . . .
Degree.
Bihe Drink. Reaction of degen-
Bis in die Twice De R. . .
eration.
daily.
Biology. Destil. . . Destilla Di.,:;i.
Balneum maris . . Sea-water hath. Det. . . . Detur Let it be given.
Bolus A large pill. Dieb.alt. . Diebus alterius

"
. . On alternate days.
" tertius third day.
Boiling-point. tert. . .
Every
Bromin. Dil. . . . Dilue Let it be dissolved.
BuUiat Let it boil. Dilut. . , Dilutus Dilute.
Balneum vaporis Vapor-bath.
. Dim. . . , Dimidiiis One-half.
f Carbon; Cubic; a D.inp. J Divide in partes f Divide into equal
-< Gallon (Congius); aeq. 1 requales, ( parts.
( Centigrade. Div. . . Divide Divide.
Ca. . Calcium. Ejusd. . .
Hj\isdem Of the same.
Cap. ,
Capiat Let him take. Elec. . . , Electuariuni . . <
An electuary Elec-
;
c.c. , Cubic centimeter. tricity.

Cd. Cadmium. Enem. . . Enema.
Ce. , Cerium. Exhib. . . Exhibcatur Let it be given.
Cel. , Celsius. Ext. . . Extractum Extract.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Fahrenheit ; Fluo- Phosphorus, Pulse,
rin. Pharmacopeia.
Far Faradic. Part, acq., Partes aequales . .
Equal parts.
Fe Ferruin . . . . Iron. Pb Plumbum Lead.
The fever continu- P. c. . . Post cibum . After meals.
Feb. dur.
F., Ft.
. Febre durante
Fac, Fiat . .
{ Make. ing. P. C. . . Pondus civile
••{
A\oirdupois
weight.
Filt. . Fillra . . . . F'ilter. Pd. . . . Palladium.
Fid. . Fluidus . . . Fhiid. Phar. .
Pliarmacopeia.
Flor. . Flores . . . Flowers. Pil Pilula . . Pill.
F. m. . Fiat niistura Make a mixture. Pocul. . , Poculum A cup.
Fol. . Folia .... Leaves. Pond. . . Pondere By weight.
F.p. . Fiat potio . . Make a potion. Pot. . . , Potio . . Potion; Potassa.
F. pil. Fiat pilulse . Make V)ills. Ppt. . .
Precipitate.
Galv, Galvanic. P. rat In propoition to
.
Pro rata setatis
Gl. . . Glucinum. aetat :. { •{ age.
Gm Gram. P. r. n Pro re nata . . When required.
Gr Gramiin Grain. Pt. . Pint.
Gtt. . . . Gutlae . Drops. Pulv. . Pulvis Powder.
Guttat. . . Guttatim By drops. Q. d. Quater in die . . . Four times a day.
H Hydrogen. Q.l. Quantum libet . I
According as re-
Hg.. Hjdrargyruni Mercury. quired.
HI Hectoliter. Q.p. Quantum placeat . At will.
Hm Hectometer.
Q. s. .
Quantum sufficit,
A sufficient quanti-
tv.
"5'^" u 1 Hora decubitus At bed-time.
decul}., J Qt. . Quart.
H. s. ... Hora somni . , At bed-time. vis
.As much as you,
I loduni .... lodin. Q.v. Quantum wish.
Tn Indium. Reaumur's ther-
In d. . . .In die . Daily. R. mometer; Respir-
Inf Infunde Pour in. ation.
Ir Iridium. Recipe Take.
K Kaliuni Potassium. Rad. Radix Root.
K.-j., K.J Knee-jerk. Rb. . Rubidium.
Kl Kiloliter. Reaction of degen-
Km
,
Kilometer.
R.D. eration.
L Liter. Rect. . . . Rectificatus . . . . Rectified.
Li Lithium. Rep. . . .
Repetatur . . . . Let it be repeated.
Liq ,
Liquor. S Semis Half; Sulphur.

M. ... Meridies ;
Misce . Noon Mix.;
S Signa Label.
Mac. Macera
. . . ,
Macerate. S. a. ... Secundum artem .
According to art.
Mass. pil. Massa pilularum Pill-mass. Sb Stibium Antimony.
Let a mixture be Scr. . . .
Scrupulum . . . .
Scruple.
M.ft. . . . Mistura fiat . . . <
made. Let be labeled.
Sig. . . .
Signa, Signetur . . it
Magnesium Milli- Sing. . .

Singulorum . . . . Of each.
Mg
.
;
{
1 gram. Solv. . . . Solve Dissolve.
Ml Milliliter. Sp. gr. . .
Specific gravity.
Mm Millimeter. Sp., or f
Spiritus Spirit.
Mol. wt Molecular weight. Spir., \
Muc. . . .
Mucilago Mucilage. Ss Semi, semissis . . One-half.
Myg Myriagram. Su Sumet Let him take.
Myl Myrialiter. S. V. ... Spiritus villi . . Alcoholic spirit.
Mym Myriameter. S. V. r. / Spiritus villi ( Rectified spirit of
N Nitrogen. rectificatus, 1 wine.
Na Natrium . . . Sodium.
S. V. t. .
Spiritus vini f Dilute alcohol,
Ni , Nickel. I tenuis, \ proof-spirit.
No Numero . . . Number. Syr. . .
Syrupus Syrup.
Noct. . . . Nocte . . . . .
By night. T Temperature.
O Octarius . . . A pint. T. d. Ter in die
. . . Three times a day.
Ol Oleum . . . . Oil. Tr.,Tinct., Tinctura . Tincture.
O. ni. Omni mane
. . . ,
Every morning. Ung. . . .
Unguentum Ointment.
Omn. bih., Omni biiiora Every two hours. Ur Urine.
Omn. hor., Omni hora Every hour. Vesic. . . Vesicatorum . . A blister.
Omn. Omni nocte Wt. . . . Weight.
Every- night. Minimum Minim.
noct., m. • . . .
Os. . . , , Osmium. Drachma . Dram.

Ov Ovum An egg. 9. Scrupulum Scruple.
Oz. . . . . Uncia . , Ounce. S. Uncia . . . Ounce.
ABBR-EVIATIONS USED IN OPHTHALMOLOGY.

Ace Accommodation. B. U Base (of prism) up.
Ah Hyperopic .Astigmatism. Cyl Cylinder; Cylindric Lens.
Am Myopic Astigmatism. D Diopter.
As .Astigmatism. E Emmetropia Emmetropic. ;
Ax Axis. F Formula.
B. D Base (of prism) down. H Hvperopia; Hyperopic; Horizontal.
B. T in. L. E Left Eye.
B. O " " "
out. M Myopia Myopic. ;
ABBREVIATIONS.
mm Millimeter.
— Sym
V
Symmetric.
O. D Ocuhis dexter Right Eye. Vision; Visual Acuity Vertical.
+ — =
;
O. S Oculus sinister^Left Eye. , ,

. . .Plus; Minus; Equal to.
p. p Puiicium i)roximum^Near Point. 00 Infinity, 20 distance.
ft.
p. r Punctum remotum Far Point. — O° Combined with.

R. E Risbt Eye. Degree.
Sph Splieric; Spheric Lens.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OTOLOGY.

f Applied to or in contact with Au- ot. ext. chron. Otitis externa chronica.
" ricle. ot. ext. diff. Otitis externa diffusa.
.
\
A. C Air-conduction. ot. med. sup.
^ 1 ^. .. •
,.
> Otitis media suppurativa acuta.
A. D Auris dextra— Right Ear. gj,
A. S —
Auris sinistra Left Ear. "^' O''''^ media suppurativa chronica.
B. C Bone-conduction. chron' I
c Contact. Pol Politzer's.

d —
Dentes applied to Teeth. Pol. Ac. . . . Politzer's Acoutneter.
F Tuning-fork. R Right Ear.
g-/
—
Glabella applied to Forehead. S —
Susurrus a Whisper.
h Hearing Power. t A])plied to Temple.
L Left Ear. Tymp Tympanum.
t)! Applied to Mastoid. ud Ubique— when applied at all pointg.
Meat. Aud. V Voice.
External Auditory Meatus. V
Ext.; M.E. Applied to Vertex.
Meat. Aud. Internal Auditory Meatus.
vib Vibration.
Int.; M. I z Applied to Zygoma.
M.
Membrana flaccida ; Shrapnell's
'
Foot.
flac. "
•{' Membrane. Inches.
M.T.; Mt Membrana tympani. ^ Heard, but Not Understood.
Q /Complete Lack of Perception of -fR
— RinnS's Test Positive.
\ Sound. R Rinne's Test Negative.
ot. ext. ac. . . Otitis externa acuta.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS.

A., or An. Anode. Kl. .
Amp. . .
Ampere.
A. C. . . Anodal Closing.
A. C. C. Anodal Closure Contraction.
A. C. O. Anodal Closing Odor.
A. C. P. Anodal Closing Picture.
A. C. S. Anodal Closing Sound.
A. D. . . Anodal Duration.
A. D. C. Anodal Duration Contraction.
A. M. . .
Am|)ere-meter.
A. O. . . .\nodal Opening.
A. o. c. Anodal Opening Contraction.
A. O. O. Anodal Opening Odor.
A. O. P. Anodal Opening Picture.
A. O. S. Anodal Opening Sound. .
B. . . .
Magnetic Induction.
B. A. U. British Association Unit.
C Centigrade Current Cathode.
; ;
C. C. . . Cathodal Closure.
C. C. C. Cathodal Closure Contraction.
C.
C.
C C."
C. T.
.
Various Degrees of Contraction.

Cathodal Closing Tetanus.
C. G. S. Un Its. Centimeter-gram-second Units.
C. O. . Cathodal Opening.
C. O. C Cathodal Opening Contraction.
C. S. .
Current-strength.
D. . . Duration Density.
;
De. R. Reaction of Degeneration.

E. . . Earth Electromotive Force.
;
E. M. D Electromotive Difference of Poten-

tial.
E. M. F Electromotive Force.
F. M. . Field Magnet.
Horizontal Intensity of the Earth's
H. Magnetism; One Unit of Self-
induction.
H Intensity of Magnetic Force.
L .
Intensity of Magnetism.
Joule.
Electrostatic Capacity.
K. Kathode.
ABBREVIATIONS.
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY.

Am- indicates the group NHo. -in is of no precise significance, and is mostly ap*
Azo-, diazo-, and hydrazo- indicate compounds plied to bodies the structure of which is not
in wliicli nitrogen atoms are linked in various yet known.
ways. -yl, -ene, -enyl, and -ine indicate hydrocarbons.
Di- is applied as a prefix to signify two. According to the American system of orthog-
Im- indicates the group NH. raphy, the only case in which "me" is used
Ket- iiuiicates the molecule CO in certain'structu- is as a termination for a series of hydrocar-
ral relatioiis. bons, beginning with Ethine, CoHo. Eng-
Mon- is employed as a prefix to signify one. lish writers and some American chemists use
Nitro- indicates the group NOj. it to signify basic properties, regarding -in as
Pent- is applied as a prefix to signify 7?<r. the proper term for nonbasic bodies. They
per- denotes iii a rather vague sense an indefinitely thus distinguish between salicin, which forms
large amount of the body to which it is pre- no salts with acids, and morphin (which
fixed, or to which it is referred. under such system is spelled "morphine"),
Sesqui- indicates the proportion of two to three. which does. It must be noted that such
Sub- is employed in a rather vague sense to indi- methods are not in accordance with the ten-
cate deficiency of the body to which it is dency of modern chemic nomenclature, which
prefixed. seeks to express structure, not properties.
Tetr- is applied as a prefix to signify /"own The organic bases or alkaloids are not all of
Thio- indicates sulphur, especially replacing o.xy- the same type, and when their structure is
gen. elucidated systematic names will be found for
Tri- (sometimes " ter-") is applied as a prefi.x to them. Until then there is no particular gain
signify ihtee. in indicating them as a group.
"
-al indicates aldehydic structure. -id is similar to in."
-an is applied to a class of bodies related to the -ol indicates alcoholic structure, i. e , presence of
s'arch and sugar group. the group HO
(hydroxyl), e.^., alcohol, gly-
-ane intlicates a saturated hydrocarbon. cerol, phenol.
-ase indicates an enzyme, or nonorganized fer- -one is applied to bodies related to the starches
ment, tf.,?'., diastase. This termination is at and sugars. It is, however, not used with
"
present restricted generally to enzymes of this significance in peptone," which word
vegetable origin, but it should also be used not formed according to any established
is
with animal enzymes— which, however, usu- system.
"
ally end in in." It would thus be better to -ose indicates a carbohydrate, e. g., glucose, al-
say pepsase and trypsase, rather than pepsin though it is also occasionally applied to the
and trypsin. results of digestion of proteids, e.g., albuni-
-ate. A suffix to nounsin chemistry signifying ose.
any an acid acting on a base
salt formed by ;
-ous denotes the lower of two degrees of valency
e.g. sulphate, phosphate.
,
assumed by an element and incidentally indi-
-ic denotes the higher of two valencies assumed by cates, in many cases, a small amount of oxy-
an element, and incidentally in many cases a gen.
larger amount of oxygen. The word sulphonic indicates the group HSO3.
SUNDRY ABBREVIATIONS.
Am American. Masc. . .
Arab Arabic.
A. S Anglo-Saxon.
Beng Bengalese.
B. P., Br. P. British Pharmacopeia,
.
B. Ph., Br. Ph tt It
Bret Breton.
Celt Celtic.
Comp Comparative.
D., Du Dutch.
Dim Diminutive.
Elec Electricity.
Eng English.
F., Fem. . . . Feminine.
Fr French.
Gael Gaelic.
Ger German.
G. Ph German Pharmacopeia.
Gr Greek.
Heb Hebrew.
Icel Icelandic.
It Italian.
lav., Javanese.
L., or Lat. . . Latin.
VALUES OF LETTERS USED IN PRONUNCIATION.
MATHEMATIC MEMORANDA.
To reduce grams to grains, multiplyby 15.432. To reduce grains to grams, multiply by 0.0648. To reduce
kilograms to pounds, multiply by 2.2046. To reduce ounces to grams, multiply by 28.349. To
reduce inches to meters, multiply by 0.0254. To reduce inches to centimeters, multiply by 2.540.
To reduce centimeters to inches, multiply by 0.3937. To reduce pints to cubic centimeters, multiply
by 567.936. To reduce liters to gallons, multiply by 0.22. To reduce gallons to liters, multiply by
4.548. I grain = 0.064799 gram, i gram = 15.43235 grains, i millimeter =
0.03937 inch, i liter
= 1.76077 pints. I minim =
0.91 grain of water, i line =
^'z inch, i fi =
one-thousandth of a milli-
meter, 1 micron, or i micromillimeter, or o.ooi mm. i oz. (Avoirdupois) =
28.34954 grams, i oz.
(Troy) = 31.10349 grams, i cc. of water at 4° C. =
i gram. 30 in. (barometer) =
761.986 millimeters.
VALUES OF LETTERS USED IN PRONUNCIATION.

In giving the pronunciation, the word has been divided into syllaljle.s according to the
following plan : When a vowel is long and is followed by a consonant, the latter is considered
as belonging to the succeeding syllable; f. ^. pet-nZ-le-um.
,
When the vowel is short the
consonant is considered as of the syllable containing the vowel e. g., inan-z^-u-la''-shun.
;
The vowels have then the following values: a, e, i, o, u, when immediately followed by a
—
hyphen or at the end of a word, are long a := ay in may e ^^ in feel \ = i mine = m
^
; ;
;
o T=: ow in flow u ezv in new. When followed by a consonant and not marked with a
- above, a ^
;
a in cat e =
^ in met i =
2 in sit o o in not =vi ti \n but 00^ 00 in =
=
; ; ; ;
^
;
boot. Consonants ch. : ch in cherry ; g =: ^ in get ; j =y

in joy ; n(g) ng in gong.
INDEX OF TABLES
Appearing in regular alphabetic Order.
Acids. Muscles.
Anesthetics. Nerves.
Arteries. Nuclei.
Bacteria. Operations, Eponymic.
Baths. Pelves.
Batteries, Electric. Points.
Breath-sounds. Poisons.
Canals. Positions.
Convolutions of Brain. Pregnancy, Duration of.
Craniometric Points. Processes.
Elements, Chemic. Ptomains.
Exanthemata. Rales.
Fissures. Reflexes.
Foramina. Respiration.
Ganglia. Signs and Symptoms of Diseases.
Laws. Sinuses.
Leukomains. Sutures.
Ligaments. Triangles.
Lines or Lineae. Tumors.
Membranes. Units.
Metric System. Veins.
Monstrosities. Weights and Measures.
Murmurs.
APPENDIX.
Mineral Springs of the United States. Eponymic Terms and Tests.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Sko'cving the Subjects Illttstyatcd, but iVot the Number of Figures.
Abdominal Course and Relations of the Abdom-

:
Knot Principal Surgical Knots.
:
inal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava. Larynx: Posterior View of Front View. ;
Alimentary: Scheme of the Digestive Tract. Ligaments.

Ankle-joint: Posterior View and Vertical Sec- Lymphatics.
tion. Microscope.
Arteries : General Scheme of. Motor Points.
Bandages. Muscles.
Bones. Neck : Vessels and Nerses of.
Brain Superior Aspect
: ; Inferior Aspect ;
Medi- Nerves.
section of ;
Lateral .Aspect. Nose: Front View of Skeleton of; Transverse
Ear: Auditory Ossicles; Osseous Labyrinth of; Section of the Nasal Fossae.
Osseous and Membranous Labyrinth of Coch- ;
Pelvis.
lea ;
Membranous Labyrinth of. Pharynx Opened Posteriorly, Showing Larynx,
:
Elbow-joint. Tongue, and Soft Palate.

Eye : Section of Muscles of Posterior
\'ertical ; ;
Postures.
Hemisphere of the Globe of; Relations of the Regions.
Eve and Lacrimal Excretory Apparatus Lacri- ; Shoulder-joint: Diagrammatic Section of Shoul-
mal and Meibr)mian Glands and .'\djacent Organs; der Ligaments of the Scapula and Shoulder-
;
Iris and Choroid Ciliary Muscle Vertical Sec- ; ; joint.

tion through the LIpper Eyelid Section of Ciliary ;
Skeleton.
Body and Iris. Spinal Cord: Vertebral Column, Lateral Aspect;
Heart Right Side Left Side Horizontal Section
: ; ;
Transverse Sections of Spinal Cord Columns of ; ;
of Lung and Heart. Superior or Cenîcal Segment of; Middle or

Hemocytometer. Dorsal Portion of; Inferior Portion of Cord and
Hemoglobinometer : Gowers' ; Von Fleischl's. Cauda Equina.
Hernia Obliiiue Inguinal Direct Inguinal F'em-
:
; ;
Sutures.
oral Strangulated
; Unstrangulated Radical ; ;
Thorax: Contents of Anterior \'iew. ;
Operation for Inguinal. Tongue: ISIusclesof; I'nder Surface of.

Hip-joint: \'ertical Section of; Ligaments of. Urinary Sediments.
Intestines Stomach and Intestines. :
Veins General Scheme of.
:
Kidney Longitudinal Section of

: Relations ; Wrist-joint Ligaments of the Anterior Aspect of
:
Home bv Blood-vessels to Tubules of. Wrist and Hand Disposition of the Chief Syno-
;
vial Membranes of; Lower End of Radius and

Knee-joint \'erlical Section of Anterior View of
:
;
Ligaments of. Ulna.

THE NEW STUDENTS'
MEDICAL DICTIONARY.
A [a, av, or afi, without] . I . The Greek letter of an oval, with inside diameter of two inches,
alpha, called alpha privative, equivalent to for use in intestinal anastomosis. A. Con-
the prefix tin or in. It denotes absence or denser. See Illuminator, Abbe. A. Illumi-
want of the thing or quality expressed by nator. See Illuminator.
the root of the word. 2. Symbol of Argon. Abdomen {ab-do'- meii) \abdere, to hide].
Aa [lii'd, of each]. An abbreviation, written The large inferior cavity of the trunk, ex-
aa, used in prescriptions to denote repetition tending from the pelvic cavity to the dia-
of the same quantity for each item. phragm, and bounded in front and at the
Ab \ab, from]. A
Latin preposition signi- sides by the lower ribs and abdominal mus-
fy ing_/>-^w. cles, and behind by the vertebral column,
Abaca {iib' -ak-ali, Sp. pron. ah-vah-kak^). the psoas and the quadratus luinborum
Manilla hemp. See Hemp. Also Musa muscles. It is artihcially divided into nine
ti-.-c/iiis, the plant which produces it. regions by two circular lines, the upper
Abadie's Sign. See Signs and .Symptorru, parallel with the cartilages of the ninth ribs,
Tabic of. the lower with the iliac crests, and by two
Abaptiston (ah-bap-lis'-(on)
[« priv. jiciK- ;
lines from the cartilages of the eighth rib to
ricsTiir, ininiLised]. A
trephine so shaped the center of Poupart's ligament. The
that penetration of the brain is impossible. regions thus formed are, above, the right
Abarthrosis [ab-ar-lluo^-sis) \_ab, from; ar- hypochondriac, the epigastric, and the left
throsis, a joint]. Same as JDiarikrosis, or hypochondriac in the middle, the right lum-
;
.-Ibartiiiilalion. bar, umbilical, and left lumbar; and below,

Abarticular (âb-ar-tik'-iilar') \cib, from ;
the right inguinal, the hypogastric, and the
aitiLulus,]o\\\\.\ Not connected with or not left inguinal. A., Pendulous, a relaxed
situated near a joint. condition of the abdominal walls in which the
Abarticulation (ab-ar-lik-u-la^-s/inn) [ab, latter hang down over the pubis.
from;' articulatio, joint]. I. Same as Di- Abdominal {ab-dom' -in-al) [(7i'^(/d';v', to hide].
arthrosis ; sometimes also a synonym of Pertaining to or connected with the abdomen.
Synarthrosis. 1. A
luxation. A. Aneurysm. See Aneurysm. A. Aorta,
Abasia (ah-ba' -ze-ali) [a priv. ; /iad/f, a below the diaphragm.
the part of the aorta
step]. Motor incoordination in walking. A. Aponeurosis. See Aponeurosis. A.
See Astasia. Bandage. See A. Binder. A. Binder,
Abasic {ah-ba' -sili) \ji
a step].
priv. ; ftnaic, a broad bandage of muslin or flannel ap-
Pertaining or affected with, abasia.
to, plied to the abdomen for making pressure
Abattoir {ah-bat-i [I'V. ]. slaughter- A after delivery or after an operation. Some-
house or establishment for the killing and times a many-tailed bandage is used. A.
dressing of animals. Brain, the solar plexus. A. Breathing. See
Abaxial [nbak'-se-al) [ab, from; a.vis, an A. Respiration. A. Compress, a form of
axle]. Not situated in the line of the local pack, made by forming folds of a coarse
axis. linen towel of sufficient breadth to reach from
Abbe's Catgut Rings, rings composed of the cnsiform cartilage to the pubis one of the
;
eight or ten turns of heavy catgut in the shape folds is then wrung out of cold water, applied,
ABDOMINO-ANTERIOR ABIETITE
the axis of the body. 2. The recession or
and the remainder is rolled around the body
so as to retain it in jiosition. A. Dropsy, separation from each other of the parts of a
ascites. A. Gestation. See Fngnann', fractured bone.
Extra-uterine. A. Hysteria, an hysteric Abductor [ab-duk'-tor). Same as Abduee/is.
condition simulating peritonitis, in which the A. Auris. .See A/useles, Table of.
abdomen becomes extremely painful to the Aberrant {âb-er'-ant) {iib, from; errare, to
touch, swollen, and distended with gas. A. wander]. Deviating from the normal or
Line, linea alba.
tlie A. Muscles, the regular type, in appearance, structure, course,
internal and external obliques, the Irans- etc. as the aberrant duct of the testis or liver,
,
versalis, rectus, pyramidalis, and quadratus aberrant arteries, etc.

lumborum. A. Press. See Prelum Abdo- Aberration [ab-er-a^-skiin) [ab, from errare, ;
ininale. A. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. to wander]. Deviation from the normal;
A. Regions. See Abdomen. A. Respira- mental derangement fetal malformation
; ;
tion, R. carried on chiefly by the diaphragm vicarious menstruation escape of the fluids
;
and abdominal muscles. A. Ring, Ex- of the body by an unnatural channel. In op-
ternal, a triangular opening in the fibers of tics, any imperfection of focalization or re-
the aponeurosis of the external oblicjue fraction of a lens. A., Chromatic, the
refraction of
muscle transmitting the spermatic cord of the dispersion arising from unequal
male and the round ligament of the female. light of different parts of the spectrum.
The
A. Ring, Internal, an oval aperture in the violet rays, being more refrangible than the
fascia transversalis that transmits the sper- red rays, are brought to a focus nearer the
matic cord of the male and the round liga- lens, and the image is surrounded by a halo
ment of the female. A. Section. See O/z- of colors. A., Mental, a degree of paranoia
otomy. A. Surgery, the branch of surgery that may or may not amount to insanity. A.,
that deals with the lesions of the abdom- Spheric, the excess of refraction of the peri-
inal viscera and the operations performed pheral part of a convex lens over the central
upon them through incisions in the abdom- part, jiroducing an imperfect focus
and a
inal walls. A. Typhus, Enteric Fever. blurred image.
Abdomino-anterior yab-dom' -in-o-an-te' -re- Abies (td-be-ez) [L.]. A genus of coniferous
or). Having the belly forward (used of the plants, including the fir, hemlock, and spruce.
fetus in utero). A.balsamea, Silver Fir, Balsam Fir, or Balm
Abdomino-genital (ab-dom' -in-o-jen' -it-al^. of Gilead, a tree of the nat. ord. Coiiifera,
Relating to the abdomen and the genitalia. from which is derived the Terebinlhina
A. Nerve, Inferior, the ilioinguinal nerve. Canadensis. A. canadensis. Hemlock
A. Nerve, Superior, the ilio hypogastric Spruce; bark of the Canadian Fir-tree. It
nerve. is used as an astringent in various local and
Abdomino-posterior {ab-dom' -in-o-pos-te' -

internal conditions. It yields Fix Canaden-
re-or). Having the belly toward the mother's sis. A. excelsa, Norway Sjiruce. It yields
back (used of the
fetus in utero). Fix Burgundica. A. pectinata, the European
Abdomino-scrotal (ab-doin' -in-o-skro' -tal ). Silver Fir. buds are resinous, l)alsaniic,
Its
Relating to the abdomen and the scrotum. and Unof.

sudorific. A. Preparations,
A. Muscle, the cremaster muscle. Extractum Abietis Canadensis Liquidum (B.
Abdomino-thoracic {ab-dotn' -in-o-tho-ras' - P.). F)ose n\^xv-lx (1-4). Clyceriiuim
ik). Relating to the abdomen and thorax. Abietis (B. P.). Dose 3J-ij (4.0-8.0).
Abdomino -vesical {ab-doi>i' -in-o-ves' -ik-al'). C.eddes' Fluid- Extract of Hemlock Bark.
Relating to the abdomen and the urinary Dose TT\,v-x (0.3-0.6).
bladder. A. Pouch, a fold of the perito- Abietene (a-bi'-et-en), C.H,g. A hydrocar-
neum in which are comprised the urachal bon, obtained from the Fitius sabiniana, a
fossae. California nut pine. It is an aromatic, vola-
Abducens " tile liquid, agreeing in composition with nor-
{ab-du'-senz) [L., leading
away "]. A term
applied to certain muscles, mal heptane. It is extensively used as a
or their nerves, that draw the related part popular remedy called, also, Erasene. Unof.
;
from the median line of the body. Also, Abietic, Abietinic {ab-i-et'-ik, ab-i-et-in'-ik)
the sixth pair of nerves supplying the exter- \_Abies\. Pertaining to the genus Abies, as
nal recti of the eyes. A. oculi, the external Abietic Acid, C^^HgÔj or C20H30O2, occur-
rectus muscle of the eye. ring in the resin of Abies excelsa and Larix
Abducent [ab-du'-sent). Abducting. t'uropea.
Abduct {ab-dukt') \_abducere~\. To draw Abietin [a-bi'-et-in) \_Abies'\.
resinous A
away from the median line, as to abduct a principle obtained from the turpentine of
limb. various species of pine and fir. A. Anhy-
Abduction [ab-duk'-sltwi) [ab, from ducere,
; drid, C^jHgjO^, the main constituent o{ Resin.
to lef.l]. I. The withdrawal of a
part from Abietite {<7b'-i-et-it), C^HÔj. A sugar re-
ABDOMINAL ABDOMINAL
Diagram of the Course and Relations of the Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava.— (ô/rf^n.)
ABIOGENESIS ABRUS
seinbling mannite, found in the needles of the Abortifacient (ab-or-te-fa' -shent) {abortus;
I. Causing abortion.
European Silver Fir, Abies pectinala. y'ai ere, to make]. 2.
Abiogenesis (âh-i-o-jen'-es-is) [dpriv.; '{iidc, A drug or agent inducing the expulsion of

life, and The (theoretic) produc-
gcncsis\.
the fetus.
tion of livingby non-living maUer. The Abortion {abortus, a miscar-
{ab-or' -shun)
older term was Spontaneous Generation. riage]. The
expulsion of the ovum before
Abirritant [tib-ir' -it-ant) \_ab, from; irritare, the child is viable, that is, occurring any time
to irritate]. I. Tending to diminish irrita- before the end of the sixth month. By
tion ; soothing. 2. Relating to diminished some authors expulsion of the ovum during
sensitiveness. 3. A remedy or agent that the first three months is termed abortion ,-
allays irritation. from this time to viability it is termed imma-

Abirritation [ab-ir-it-a'-shun) \_ab, from ; ture delivery, or miscarriage and from tlie,
irritare, to irritate]. Diminished tissue- period of viability to that of maturity, prema-

irritability ; atony or asthenia.
ture delivery. A., Accidental. See A.,
Ablactation [ab-lak-ta'-shun') \_ab,
from ; Spontaneous. A., Artificial, that produced
lactare, to give suck]. The weaning of a intentionally. A., Criminal, when not de-
child. The end of the suckling period. manded for therapeutic reasons. A., Habi-
Ablate {ab-late') \_ab, from; latum, from tual, repeated A. in successive pregnancies,
ferre, to bear] . To remove, to cut off. usually due to syphilis. A., Incomplete,
Ablation {âb
-la' -shun) \j.ib,
from latum, ;
when the membranes or the placenta is re-
from Avvv, to bear]. Removal of a part, tained. A., Induced. See A., Artificial.
as a tumor, by amputation, excision, etc. A., Inevitable, when the embryo or fetus is
Ablatio retinae {ab-la'-she-o ret-in'-e). De- dead, or when there is an extensive detach-
tachment of the retina. ment or rupture of the ovum. A., Missed,
Ablepharia {ah-blef-a'-re-aJi) [a priv.; ^'kk- the death of the fetus and not followed within
the eyelid].
ipapiii',
The condition of the two weeks by its expulsion. A., Sponta-
absence of the eyelids. neous, that not induced by artificial means.
Ablepharon [ali-b/e/'-ar-on) \_a priv.; fi/J- Abortionist [ab-or' -shun-ist) {abortus, a
oiii'ov, the eyelid]. Absence of the eyelids. miscarriage]. One who criminally produces
Ablepharous {ali-blef-ar-us) [a. priv.; jSae- abortions; especially one who follows the
0(1/ 101', the eyelid]. Without eyelids. business of producing abortions.
Ablepsia {ah-blep' -se-ah) without
âfi'Asipia, Abortive [ab-or' -tizi) [(;(^(3/-/«j-, a miscarriage] .
sight]. I. Blindness. 2. Dulness of per- Prematurely born ; coming to an untimely

ception. end; incom]iletely developed cutting short ;
Abluent wash away].

[ab'-lu-ent) [âbluere, to the course of a disease; abortifacient.
Detergent. That which cleanses or washes Pi.hox\.\x% [ab-or' -tus) [L.]. An aborted fetus ;
away. abortion.
Ablution {ab-lu'-skun) \cibluere, to wash Aboulia (ah-boo'-le-ah). See Abulia.
away]. Washing or cleansing the body. Aboulomania [ah-boo lo-ma' -ne-ah). See
Separation of chemic impurities by washing. Abulomania.
Abnormal [ab-tior'-mal) [ab, away from; Abrachia [ah-bra' -ke-ah) {a priv. \^pa.x'ifov, ;
norma, a law]. Not normal not conform- ;

arm] . The condition of an armless monster.
able with nature or'with the general rule, Abrachiocephalia [ah-bra- ke-o-sef-a'-le-ah)
abnormality [ab-nor-mal'-it-e) {ab, away {a priv. ji/)axi(^v, arm
; Ke(pa'Ar/,
;
head].
from norma, a law]. The quality of being
; Absence of the head and arms.
abnormal a deformity or. malformation.
; Abrachius [ah-bra'-ke-us). A monster with-
Abnormity [ab-nor'-iiiit-e). Same as Abnor- out arms. See Abrachia.
mality. Abrasio [ab-ra'-ze-o) [L.]. An abrasion.
Abomasum (ab-o-ma'-sum) {ab, away oma- ;
A. corneae, a scraping oft of the superficial
sitm, paunch]. The reed or proper digestive epithelium of the cornea.
stomach of ruminating mammals. Also Abrasion [ab-ra'-zhun) {ab, from; nidere,
" The rubbing oft of the cutaneous
called fourth," or "true," stomach. to rub] .
Aboral [ab-o'-ral) {ab, away from os, the ; or mucous surface by an injury.
mouth]. Opposite to, or remote from, the Abrin [a'-brin). The chemic ferment or
mouth. poisonous principle of jequirity. It has been
Abort {ab-ort') {ab, from ortus, from oriri, ;
employed in the study of immunity.
to grow]. I. To miscarry; to expel the Abrotanum [ab-rot' -an-um) {ii^poTovov an ,
fetus before it is viable. 2. To prevent aromatic plant]. The plant called Southern
the full development, as of a disease. 3. AVood, Artemisia abrotanum.
To come short of full development. Ahwi's, [a' -brus) [a/3/jdf, pretty]. Jequirity;
Abortient (ab-or' -shent) {ab, from ; oriri, Indian Licorice. The seeds of ^./ri?(;V7/'(?/'/«j^,
to grow]. Abortive; abortifacient. or Wild Licorice. Its properties are thought
ABSCESS ACACIA
to be due to the presence of certain ferments. in infusion. It is used as a stomachic tonic
See Abrin. Infusions applied to tlie conjunc- Absinthe, a French li(pu)r, is an alcoholic
tiva or to any mucous surface induce violent solution of the oil exhibited with oils of anise,
purulent intlamination with growth of false marjoram, and other aromatic oils.
membrane. It is used in producing artifi- Absinthol {ab-sinth'-ol), Q^^^W^Ô. The prin
cial conjunctivitis. cipal constituent of oil of wormwood; it i*
Abscess {ab'-ses) \_abscessHS, a departure or isomeric with ordinary camphor.
separation]. A localized collection of jnis Absorb (ab-sorb') \_ab, from ; sorbere, to sue'*
surrounded liy a wall of lymph. According up]. To suck up or imbibe ;
to take within
to Kjcaliuii, abscesses are named Dorsal, Iliac, one's self.
Mannnary, Ischiorectal, Periiyphlitic, Retro- Absorbent [ab-sor'-bent^ \absorbere, to suck

pharyngeal, Urethral, etc. A., Alveolar, in]. I.
Absorbing, cajiable of absorbing.
abscess in the gum or alveolus. A., Athero- 2. An organ or part that absorbs. 3. A term
matous, an area of softening in the wall of a applied to the Lacteals and Lymphatic's.
vessel the result of sclerotic endarteritis. A., 4. In materia medica, a drug or medicine
Bursal, abscess in the bursae. A., Canali- that produces absorption of diseased tissue.
cular, mammary abscess that connnunicates A. Glands. See Lymphatics. A. System,
with a milk duct. A., Chronic, or Cold the lacteals and lymphatics, with their asso-
Abscess, one of slow and apparently non in- ciated glands.
flammatory development, generally about a Absorptiometer [ah-sorp-tc-om' -et-er) \ab-
bone, joint, orgland. It is usually tubercu- sorption : fi.i:Tpov, measure]. A device fo'-
lous and contains cheesy material. A., Cold. measuring the thickness of the layer of liquid
See A. Chronic. A., Congestive, the pus that is taken up between two glass plates by
appears at a jioint distant from wliere it is capillary attraction. Used in conjunction
formed. A., Embolic, formed at the seat with a spectro-[ihotometer, it serves as a
of a septic embolus. A., Metastatic. See hematoscope.
A. Embolic. A., Miliary, a small embolic Absorption (ab-sorp'-shun') \absorbere, to
abscess. A., Primary, one formed at the suck in]. The permeation or iml)ibition of
seat of pyogenic infection. A., Psoas, one body by another. A. Lines or Bands,
one arising from disease of the lumbar or dark lines of the spectrum, called Frann-
lower dorsal vertebra;, the pus descending in hofer's lines, caused by the arrest or absorp-
the sheath of the psoas muscle, and usually tion of the ethereal waves of certain lengths
pointing beneath Poupart's ligament. A., and rapidities, mainly by vapors of the sun's
Pyemic. See Pyemia. A., Residual, atmosphere. A., Interstitial, the removal
one formed in or about the residues of former by the absorbent system of eftete matters.
inflammation. A., Tuberculous. Same Absorptive {ab-sorp'-ti7>) \_absorbere, to suck
as ^., Chronic. in]. Having the power or function of absorb-
Abscissae (ab-sis'-se) \ab, away scindere, to
; ing.
cut]. The transverse lines cutting vertical Abstergent {ab-ster^-jent) [abs, from ; tergere,
ones angles, to show by a diagram
at right to cleanse]. Cleansing, detergent. See
the relations of two series of facts, as, e. g., Detergent.
the number of pulse-beats, or the temperature Abstersive {ab-ster^-siv) \_abstersi7ms']. Ab-
record in given periods of time. stergent.
Abscission {ab-sish' -tin) [(?/', from scindere, ;
Abstract [ab^-strakt) \(ibstrahere, to draw
to cut] Removal of a p^rt by cutting.
.
away]. In pharmacy, a solid preparation in
Absinthe {ab'sintli). ?>&& Absinthium. which two parts of the drug are represented
\bsinthin [ab-sin' -thin') [absinthinm'\. A by one part of the abstract (which is com-
bitter crystalline principle obtainable from pounded with milk-sugar). Abstracts are
wormwood. See Absinthium. double the strength of the fluid extracts.
Absinthism [ab-sinth'-izm). A disease simi- Abterminal [ab-ter'-min-al] \_ab, {rom; ter-
lar to alcoholism, the result of the excessive minus, end]. Passing from tendinous into
use of absinthe. It is characterized bv gen- muscular tissue (used of electric currents).
eral muscular debility and mental disturb- Abulia {ah-bit^-le-ah) [o priv. ; pov/.r/, will].
ances, that may proceed to convulsions, Toss or defect of will-power. •
acute mania, or general paralysis. Abulic [ah-bii'-lik') \ji priv. ; ftovlij, will].
Absinthium {ab-sinth'-ettm) [L.]. Worm- Characterized by or affected with abulia.
wood. The leaves and tops of Artejnisia ab- Abulomania [ah-btt-lo-ina'-ne-ah) [d priv. ;
sinthium. A. contains a volatile oil and an in- ft(iv?J/, will; madness].
jiav'ia, disease of A
tensely b/itter |)rinciple, Absinthin, (".,|,II„j,( ),,
the mind characterized by imperfect or lost
which is a narcotic A.
increases
poison. will-jiower.
cardiac action, produces tremor and epile|)ti- Acacia {ah-/,-a^-she-ali) [F.]. I. A large
form convulsions. Dose gr. xx-xl (1.3-2.6), genus of leguminous trees, shrubs, and
ACALYPHA ACCOMMODATION
herbs,many of them Australian or African. Resin, Black Boy Gum. The resin of vari-
A number of the species are medicinal, and ous species of Xanthorrhea. Benzoic acid is
some are poisonous. The bark is usually prepared from it, and it is said to have the
very astringent. Gum arable is
produced by properties of storax, and balsam of Peru.
various species. 2. A. anthelmintica. See Acarus [ak' -ar-iis) [d priv.; KeipEiv, to cut
Mussanin. A. catechu. See Catechu. A. (because so small)]. The mite, or tick, a
lebbek, A. nilotica, A. vera, and A. verek, are parasite of man and animals.
among the species that furnish gum arable. Acataphasia [ah-kat-af-a' -ze-ah') [d priv. ;
3. Gum Arabic. A nearly white, transparent /card, after; tâoiq, utterance]. disorder A
gum, exuding from Acacia Senegal. Soluble in the syntactical arrangement of uttered
in water. It is used in the manufacture of speech, due to some central lesion.
mucilage, and contains Arabin, CjjH^Ôjj, Acathectic [ak-ah-thek'-tik) [d/caff/crdf, unre
identical in comj)osition with cane sugar. A., tained]. A
term applied by Uebermeister,
Mucilage, acacia 34, water, to make loo to that form of icterus caused by pathologic
parts incompatible with alcoholic tinctures.

; changes in the liver cells through which they
A., Syrup., mucilage 25, syrup, simp. 75. It become unable to retain their secretion.
is used in various mixtures as a demulcent Acaudal, Acaudate [ah-kaio'-dal, ah-kaiu'-
and to suspend insoluble powders. dat) [d priv.; cauda, a.
tail]. Tailless.
Acalypha [ah-kal^-if-ah) [d/caP.v^^/f, un- Acceleration [ak-sel-er-a' -shwi) \acceierare,

veiled]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants. to hasten]. Quickening, as of the rate of
A., Ext. Liq. Dose n\^ x-^j (0.6-4.0). A. the pulse, or of the respiration.
fruticosa,oi India, is useful in dyspepsia and Accelerator [ak-sel' -er-a-to7-) [L.]. That
diarrhea, and is tonic and alterant.' A. hispida which accelerates. A. Nerves, nerves passing
has similar uses. A. indica, a euphorbiace- from the medulla to the heart and conducting
ous plant, common in India. The leaves are stimuli that cause acceleration of the heart's
expectorant, emetic, laxative. A., Succus. action. A. Urinae, a muscle of the penis the
Dose for an infant _^j (4.0). Unof. A. vir- function of which is to expel the last drops in
ginica, of North America, is diuretic and ex- urination, to expel the semen, and to assist
pectorant. erection. The sphincter vaginse is its
Acanthia lectularia (ak-an'-fhc-ah lek-chu- analogue in the female.
la'-re-ah) [L. ].
The common bedbug. Accentuation [ak-sen-tu-a' -shun) \accentu-
Acanthial {ak-an'-the-al') \(iKav6L(w, a little
are]. Increased loudness or distinctness.
thorn]. Pertaining to the acanthion. Accessory [ak'-ses-o-re, or ak-ses'-o-rc) \_ac-
Acanthion [ak-an'-the-on) \j\KavdMv, a little cessorius] A term applied to certain glands,
.
thorn]. A point at the base of the nasal muscles, ducts, nerves, arteries, etc., that
soine. are auxiliary in function, course, etc., to the
Acanthoma {ak an tho' inah) [(kai-â, a
- - -
principal. Certain small muscles, as the
spine]. A localized excessive growtli in any lumbricales, are regarded as accessory to
part of the prickle-cell layer of the skin. more important muscles.
Acanthosis (ak-an-tho'-sis) [_'iKav6a, thorn]. Accidental [ak-se-dent'-al) \_accidentalis\
Any skin disease marked by abnormalities in I. Due caused by, an accident.
to, or 2.
the prickle-cell layer. A. nigricans, a gen- IntercuiTent having no essential connection
;
eral pigmentation of the skin, with papillary, with other conditions or symptoms.
mole-like growths a rare condition.
;
Accipiter {ak-sip'-it-er) [L. a hawk]. A ,
Acardia [ah-kar^-de-ah) [a priv. KapS'ia, ;

facial bandage with tails
radiating like the
heart]. Congenital absence of the heart. claws of a hawk.
Acariasis {ak-ar~i^-as-is) [« priv.; KEipeiv, to Acclimatation, Acclimation, Acclimatiz-
cut]. See A/ange. ation {ak-kli-mat-a'-shan, ak-lim-a'-shiin,
Acarid, Acaridan iak'-ar-id, ak-ar' -id-ati) ak-kli-mat-iz-a'-shiin) \_ad, to; clima, cli-
[d/cap?/f, small, tiny]. Pertaining to Acarus. mate]. The
process of becoming accus-
Acarinosis [ak-ar-in-o'-sis') \acarus, a mite]. tomed the climate, soil, water, etc., of a
to
Any disease, as the itch, produced by a mite, country to which a plant, animal, person, or
or acarid. a people has removed.
Acarodermatitis {ak -ar-o- der-mat-i'- tis) Accommodation iak-om-o-da'-shun) \accom-
a mite; Dermatitis modare, to adjust].
\acarus, dermatitis']. Adaptation or adjust-
caused by acari, or mites. the
ment, particularly adjustment of the eye for
Acaroid {ak'-ar-oid [AcarM, a mite]. Mite-
) diflerent distances. A., Absolute, the ac-
like. A. Gum, Botany Bay Gum; Resina commodation of either eye separately. A.,
lutea. An aromatic resin used in Australia Histologic, the occurrence of changes in the
as a for gastric troubles, intestinal
remedy morphology and function of cells following
catarrhs, diarrheas, etc. Dose grs. viij-xvj, changed conditions. A., Negative, the con-
(0.5-1.0), in alcoholic solution. Unof. A. dition of the eye at rest. A. of the Eye, that
ACCOUCHEMENT ACETAL
function of
ciliary the lens muscle and Acephalochiria^ A monster with neithei
whereby objects at ditlerent distances are head nor hands.
clearly seen. It depends upon the inherent Acephalocyst (ah-sef -al-o-sist) [« priv. ;
elasticity of the lens, which when the ciliary Kf:<jtd/J/, head k'votk;, a bladder].
; The ijlad-
muscle of an emmetropic eye is at rest, is der-worm. A headless, sterile hydatid,
adapted to the proper focalization of theoret- found in the liver and other organs. A.
ically parallel rays of light. Objects nearer, racemosa, the hydatid mole of the uterus.
to he clearly seen, require a greater refracting Acephalogaster iah-sef-al-o-gas' -ter) [nAT^-
power on the part of the eye because the headless; jaar/)/*, belly].
a'/An-, A monster
rays from such objects are more divergent. with neither head nor stomach.
This additional refracting power is gained by Acephalogasteria (ah-sef-al-o-gas-te'-re-ah).
an increased antero-posterior diameter of the Absence of the head and stomach. See
lens, brought about by the contraction of the Acephalogaster.
ciliary muscle, which occasions a loosening Acephalopodia (ah-sefal-o-po'-de-ah) [ii
of the suspensory ligament and a thicken- priv.; ^£â/ //, head ; Troyf, foot]. Absence
ing of the lens by its own elasticity. A. of the head and feet.
Phosphenes, the peripheral light-streak Acephalopodius (ah-sefal-o-po'-de-us). A
seen in the dark after the act of accommoda- monster with neither head nor feet. See
tion. A., Range of, the distance between Acephalopodia.
the nearest point of distinct vision, and the Acephalorrhachia (ah-sef-al-or-a' -kc-ah) \h
most distant point. priv. Kt<pd/Ji, head
; paxir, spine]. Absence;
Accouchement (ak-koosh-mon{g')) [Fr.]. of the head and vertebral column.

The French term for childbirth. A. Force, Acephalostomia [ahsefal-0'Sto'-»ie-ah) [a
rapid and forcible delivery with the hand. priv. KEtpd'/.i/, head
; ciTo/ia, mouth]. Ab- ;
Accoucheur iâk-koo-shitr'^ [Fr.]. A male sence of the head, with a mouth-like opening
mid wile. on the superior aspect.
Accoucheuse (tik-koo-s/iiMz') [Er. ]. A Acephalostomus (ah-sef al-os' to-niiis') [d
female midwife. priv. ; Keoa'Ai] ; (Tro//n].
A monster without
Accretion [ak re'-shitii) \ad, to; crescere, to a head, but with a mouth-like aperture.
increase]. A term denoting the manner by Acephalous (ah-sef -al-us') \ciKEiâ\6(; , head-
which ciystalline and certain organic forms less]. Headless.
increase their material substance. Also, the Acephalus (ah-sef -al-us) \Ji priv. ; KC(l>a?f/,
adherence of parts normally separate. head]. I. A
species of omphalositic mon-
Accumulator (ak-u' -vm-la-tor) [accumit- sters characterized by complete absence of
lare, to heap up]. An apparatus to store the head and usually of the upper extremi-
electricity. ties. It is the commonest condition among the
A. C. E. Mixture. An anesthetic mixture omphalosites. 2. A
variety of the foregoing
composed of alcohol I
part, chloroform 2 species marked by the highest form of de-
parts, ether 3 parts. See Anesthetic. velopment. The head is absent, but there
Acentric [a priv.
{ah-scn'-trik') Kh'Tpn]', ;
is at least one superior extremity, and the
center]. Not eccentric not originating in, ;

thorax is
generally fairly well-developed.
or pertaining to, a nerve center peripheric. ; Acervulus, or Acervulus cerebri (as-er^-
Acephalia (ah-sef-a' -Ic-ali) [a priv. ; KZiâ7Ji,
vu-lus ser'-e-bri) Com tionary matter near
. n
head]. The absence of the head. the base of the pineal gland, consisting of
Acephalism {ah-sef -al-izm) [a priv ; KE0n?r/, alkaline phosphates and carbonates, with
head]. See Acephalia. amyloid matter; brain-sand.
Acephalobrachia {ah-sef-al-o-bra'-kc-ah') \k Acescence (as-es'-ens) [acescere, to grow
head Ab- I. The process of becoming sour
(ipnx'KJi', arm].
;
priv. ; KC(pn'Aij, ; sour].
sence of the head and arms. the quality of being somewhat sour. 2. A
Acephalobrachius {ah-sef-a!-o-lira'-ke-7ts) disease of wines, whereby they become sour

[a ; KF<pnAi/ ftpax'iuv'J.;
A
monster with owing to the agency of Alycodernia aceti.
neither head nor arms. Acetabular (as-et-ah'-u-'lar') [acetal'uliivi,
Acephalocardia [aJi-sef-al-o-kar'-de-ah^ \_a
a cup]. Pertaining to the acetabulum.
Acetabulum ah'- u
/capd/a, heart]. Absence
- - -
;(;f(/)aA//, head
et lti»i) [acetabu-
priv. ; ; (as
of the head and heart. a small cup].
Itiin, A cup shajicd depres-
Acephalocardius (ah-sef-al-o-kar' -de-Ks) [« ; sion on the outer aspect of the innominate
Ktcpn/ i^ ;
laifxîn^.
A monster with neither bone for the reception of the head of the fennir.
head nor heart. Acetal (<7./-c/-(W) [(?('///;//, vinegar], (.",^1,^0,.
Acephalochiria [ah-sef-al-o-ki' -re-ah\ \ji
Ethidene diethylate, a colorless, liquid, with
jiriv. hff'iM///, head
; ;^f/p, hand]. Absence
;
an etliereal odor, produced by the imperfect
of the head and hands. oxi<lation of alcohol under the inllufnee of
Acephalochirus (ah-sef-alo-ki' -rus) [see platinum black. It is sparingly soluble in

ACETALDEHYD ACHEIROUS
water; boils at 104° C; sp.gr. at 20° is 0.8304. pov, urine]. The presence of acetone in the
Its action is tliat of a soporific. Dose r^] (4 o). urine.
Acetaldehyd Tlie normal Acetophenone et- -
fe'
-
{(is-ft-a/'-dt'-hld).
"
(as
" an ndii), C^H^-
aldchyd ;
See Aldehyd.
ethaldeliyd. (C())(CHj). Hypnone ; hypnotic and
Acetamid {as-ef -am-id), C.^HjNO. A white antiseptic.It results from the action of zinc
crystalline solid produced by distilling am- methyl upon benzoyl chlorid and crystallizes
monium acetate, or by heating ethyl acetate in large plates, melts at 20.5°, and boils at
with strong aqueous ammonia. It combines 202°. It is without satisfactory action.
with both acids and metals to form unstable Dose 1TLiv-xv (o. 26-1.0).
compounds. Acetous (as-e'-tus) \cicctum, vinegar]. Re-
Acetanilid {as-et-an'-il-id), CgHyNO. Phe- sembling vinegar ; pertaining to, or charged
nylacetamid. A white, crystalline solid, with vinegar or acetic acid.
produced by boiling anilin and glacial acetic Acetphenetidin (as-et-fe-nef -id-itt). See
acid together for several hours, the crystal- rhcnacctin.
line mass being then distilled. It melts at Acet-toluide [as-et-fol'-u-cd), C7H7NH.-
114° anil boils at 295°. It is soluble in hot C.JijO. Aceto-orthotoluide. An antipy-
water, alcohol, and ether. Under the name retic resembling acetanilid. The dose is not
antifebrin it is prescribed as an antipyretic. accurately determined.
Dose gr. ij-x (0.13-0.65), not exceeding Aceturn [as-e'-tuin)\_gen. Acfli ; pi. Accta'\.
, ,
gr.XXX (2.0) in the 24 hours. [L.]. Vinegar. An impure, dilute acetic

Acetate (âs'-et-at) [aceticm, vinegar]. Any acid produced by acetous fermentation of
salt of acetic acid. wine, cider, or other fruit-juice. In phar-
Acetic ias-e'-tik) vinegar]. Per-
\_acctiim, macy, a solution of the active principles
taining to or vinegar; sour.
acettim S'e of certain drugs in dilute acetic acid.
Acid, Acetic. A. Fermentation, the devel- A. aromaticum ( N. F. ) [ " aromatic
opment of acetic acid by the activity of the vinegar'"], a mixture of alcohol, water, and
Mycodervia accti. acetic acid, aromatized with the oils of
Acetin (as' -et-iii) \acetiini, vinegar], C3II-,- rosemary, lavender, juniper, jieppermint,
(C.ÎIjO.^),. A
chemic compound formed l)y cassia, lemon, and cloves. A. britannicum,
tlie union of glycerol and acetic acid. an aromatic vinegar consisting of glacial
Aceto-acetic Acid. See^«</, Diacetic. acetic acid 600.0, camphor 60.0, oil of cloves
Acetometer (as-et-om'-et-er) \acetum, vine- 2.0, oil of cinnamon l.o, oil of lavender 0.5.
gar; measure]. An instrument used
//iT/)0)', Acetyl (as'-et-ii) [atetum, vinegar], C.ÎI.,().
in the quantitive determination of acetic acid. A univalent radicle supposed to exist in acetic
Acetone [as' -et-dii)\jicetian y\ne.^?ix\, C^HgO. acid and its derivatives. Aldehyd may be
Dimethyl ketone. A colorless, mobile liquid, regarded as the hydrid and acetic acid as the
of peculiar odor and burning taste, present hydrate, of acetyl. A. Chlorid, CÎIjOCI,
in crude wood-s]iirit it occurs in small
; a colorless liquid, used as a reagent. A.
quantities in tlie blood and in normal urine, Peroxid, (<'2H3())/J.^, a thick liquid, insol-
and in considerable quantities at times in the uble in water, but readily dissolved by ether
urine of diabetic patients. It is miscible and alcohol. It is a powerful oxidizing
with ether, alcohol, and water. agent. It is
decomposed in sunlight and
Acetonemia {as-et-o-ite'-me-a/i) [accfouc: explodes violently when heated.
ania, l)lood]. The presence of acetone in Acetylene {as-ct'-il-cit) \aceti<iu, vinegar],
the Mood.
C.jIIj.
A colorless gas, with a characteristic,
\cetones [as'-ef-onz). A class of compounds unjileasant odor, burning with a luminous,
that may be regarded as consisting of two smoky flame. It is formed by the imperfect
alcoholic radicals united by the group CO, combustion of illuminating gas and other
or as aldehyds in which hydrogen of the hydrocarbons. The acetvloie Sc-rics of hy-
group COH has been replaced by an alco- drocarbons has the general formula, C„IIjn— j.
holic radicle.
Acetylphenylhydrazin {as-et-il-fe-tul-lii'-
Acetonitril [as- et
- -
tii'-tril), CH3CN. dra-zin), CgH-N.,H.^QH.,0. See Pyrodin.
Methyl cyanid. It is a colorless
liquid. Ache [A.S., acaii, to ache].
[ali] Any
Acetono-resorcin. A combination of two continuous or throbbing pain.
molecules of resorcin and one molecule of Acheilia [aJi-ki' -le-ali) a
[« priv. ; .i-fZAof,
acetone, obtained by heating together 15 gm. lip]. The congenital absence of lips.
resorcin, 100 gm. acetone, and 50 gm. con- Acheilous {ah-ki' -lus) a
[« priv. ; ;j;e7/iof,
centrated hydrochloric acid. It appears as Without lips.
li|)].
small, anhydrous, prismatic crystals, insolu- Acheiria [ah-ki'-re-aJi) \a priv. jf/p, a ;
ble in water, alcohol, ether, or chloroform, The

hand]. congenital absence of hands.
but readily soluble in alkalies. Acheirous (ah-ki' -riis) [« priv. X^'-Pi * ;
Acetonuria {as-eton tt'

\_acc/oiie ; oh- Affected with acheiria.
re-ali) hand].
ACHILIA ACID
Achilla iah-ki'-le-aJi). See Acheilia. Achromatosis {nhkro-mal-o'-sis) \h priv. ;
hzh\\\e.3.(ak-il-e'-ah)\_Achilles, its reputed dis- jpw/zrt, color]. Any disease characterized
coserei]. Milfoil, Yarrow. The herb A.inillc- by deficiency of pigmentation in the
integu-
Its properties are due to a bitter, aro- tissues.
foliiim. mentary
matic, astringent, tonic extractive, achilU-iii, Achromia {ah-kro^-nie-a/i) [ii priv. ; xP'^l^°-f
and a has long been used as
volatile oil. It
color]. Albinism; achroma.
a vulnerary, and has been highly recom- Achromodermia {ah-kro-vio-der' -me-ah) [d
mended for intermittent and low exan- priv.; xi"'¥", color; (5/p//a, skin]. An al-
thematous fevers. Dose
,^j-Oj, infusion ad binotic, or colorless state of the skin.
lib.; of the extractive, 3J-iij (3.0-12.0); Achromotrichia {ah-kro-ino-tiik'-c-ah) [d
of the volatile oil, gtt. v-xv (0.3-1.0). Unof. priv.; ,r/)M//«, color; Op'i^, hair]. Absence
To the genus Achillea belong various other of pigment from the hair.
unofficial medicinal plants, as A. viosc/idtir, Achroodextrin {ak-kro-o-deks'-trin) ['/,Y/)oof,
of the Alps, used in preparing cordials and a colorless; dealer, right]. A
reducing dex-
diaphoretic medicine, and A. ptarniica, or trin formed
by the action of the diastalic fer-
sneezewort, a strong sialagogue. ment of saliva upon starch. It is amodilica-
Achillein (akil'-c-iii). An extractive from tion of dextrin and may be
precipitated by
A:h illca m ill folium
i . alcohol ; it is not converted into sugar
by
Achilles Tendon [ak-iF-Ss len^-don). The ptyalin, nor colored by iodin.
tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus mus- Achylia {ah-ki^-le-ah) [d priv. Î'l'Zw-, juice].
;
cles, inserted into the back of the heel. Absence of chyle.

Achillodynia {ak-il-o-din'-e-ah) \_Achill,-s ; Achylosis {ah-ki-lo' -sis). Syn. of Achylia.
o'S/'i7/,
jiain]. Pain referred to the insertion Achylous X'l^df Juice].
{ah-ki'-lus) [d priv. ;
of the tendo Achillis. l)eficient in chyle.

Achlorhydria {a-klor-hi'-dri-d) [a priv. ; Achymosis {ah-ki-nio'-sis) [d priv. ji'/^'^C, ;
green v&up, water]. Absence of free

X'uiun:., ;
chyme]. Deficient formation of chyme.
hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice. Acicular {as-ik'-u-lar) [âciis,
a needle].
Achloropsia {ah-klo-7-op'-se-ah) [a priv. ; Needle-like.
jAwpcif, green ; oi/;/f, vision]. Green-blind- Acid [as'- id) [acere, to be sour]. I. A
ness. name applied to any substance having a
Acholia [ah-ko'-le-ah') [a priv. ; ,\-o/l//, bile]. sour taste. 2. A compound of an electro-
Absence of biliary secretion. negative element with one or more atoms
Achorion [a-ko'-re-on') [dim.of ai'wp, chaff]. of hydrogen which can be replaced by elec-
A genus of fungous organisms including tro-positive or basic atoms. The majority
several species (possibly modified forms of of acids contain oxygen, and are known as
Pcnicillium glaunuii), found in the skin, flxyacids ; those not containing oxygen are
especially the hair follicles. A. kerato- termed hydrogen acids. Acids vary in their
phagus, the form causing OiiycJioniyrosis. terminations according to the quantity of
A. lebertii, the parasite of Tinea tonsurans .
oxygen or other electro negative constituent.
A. Schonleinii, the species occurring in Those having the maximum of oxygen end
ringworm, or Tinea favosa. in -ic ; those of a lower degree in -ous.
Achroma (ah-kro'-maJi) \a priv. ; xp(~)iia, When there are more than two combinations
color]. Absence of color. A., Congeni- the preposition //r/cris jirefixed to the high-
tal. See Albinism. A. Cutis. See Leu- est, and hypo- io the lowest. Acids that end
koileritia. in -ic, as sulphur/V acid, form salts terminat-
Achromatic {ah-kro-fuat'~ik) [a j-iriv. ; ing in -ate ; those ending in -ous form salts
X(H,)iin, color]. Without color. A. Lens, terminating in -ite. A., Abietic. See
one the dispersing power of which is exactly Abietic. A., Abric, C,._,Ih,,N.,0, a crystal-
neutralized by another lens with the same lizable acid, said to exist in jequirity. A.,
curvature but having a different refractive Acetic, an acid solution comjiosed of 36
index. parts of absolute acetic acid, C.^HÔ.^, and 64
Achromatin [ali-kro'-rnat-iii) [n priv. ; parts of water. It has strongly acid proper-
Xi>(~>ua, color]. The groundwork of the ties. A., Acetic, Dilute, contains six per
nucleus of a cell it is so;
called cent, of aljsohite acid. Dose 3 j-ij (4.0-8.0).
because it is not readily stained by coloring An impure form obtained by the destructive
agents. distillation of wood is known as wood vine-
Achromatism {ah-kro'-7nal-i-jn) [a jiriv. ; gar, or ])yroligneous acid. A., Acetic, Gla-
Xfx'tna, color]. Absence of chromatic aber- cial, the absolute acid occurring in crystals
ration. melting at 22.5° C. It is an escharotic. A.,
Achromatopsia [aJi-krovial-op' -se-ah^ [1; Aconitic, CjH,.0„, occurs in dilTerent plants,
priv. ; YftMin, color; nil'ir, eyesight].
Color- asAconitum napcllus, sugar cane, and beet-
blindness ;
Daltonism. roots. It crystallizes in small plates, that
ACID ACID
dissolve readily in alcohol, ether, and water, essentially butter.
it is A., Caffeic, C^Hj,0^,
and melt at
lS6°-7°. A., Adipic, CgII,o( \, obtained when the tannin of coftee is boiled
obtained by oxidizing fats with nitric acid. It with potassium hydroxid. A., Camphoric,
crystallizes in shining leaflets,
or prisms is ;
C,QH,gO^, a dibasic acid, obtained by boiling
with it crystallizes from hot
soluble in thirteen parts of cold water melts ; camplior HNO3 ;
at 148°. It is A., Agaric or

dibasic. water in colorless leaflets melts at 178°, and ;
Agaricic, Cj^HgÔj +
H.Ô, a resin acid decomposes into water and its anhydrid,
obtained from tiie fangus Polyporus officinalis, Cglf,^(C0)20. It is used in night-sweats of
growing on larch trees. I'he acid has been phthisis. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0). A.,
recommended for the checking of night- Capric, CgHj^CO. OH, occurs in small quan-
sweats. It also checks the other excretions tity, as a glycerid in cow's butter. It
and diminishes thirst. It is mildly cathartic. crystallizes in fine needles, melting at 30°
Unof. A., Aldepalmitic, CjgH.,y(\, tlie C, and is very insoluble in boiling water.
chief component of the butter of the cow. A., CgHj.Ô,, the sixth in the
Caproic,
A., Alloxanic, C^H.^K.O^, a crystalline series of fatty acids a clear, mobile oil,;
acid, obtained by treating alloxan with colorless, inflammable, and with a very
alkalies. A., Amido-acetic. See Glycin. acid and penetrating taste. A., Caprylic,
A., Amido-benzoic, C,H-NO.^, occasionally CjHijCO.OH, an acid combined with gly-
found in tlie urine. A., Amido-succina- cerol, forming a glycerid existing in various
mic, same as Asparagin. A., Angelic, animal fats
it is liquid
;
at ordinary tem-
C5Hy()2, a crystalline monobasic acid. It peratures. A., Carbamic, Il2N.C().OH,

exists free along with valeric and acetic acids carbonic acid in which NHj replaces ;
OH
it is not known in the free state its ammo-
in the roots of Angelica archangelica, and as ;
butyl and amyl esters in Roman oil of cumin. nium salt is contained in commercial ammo-
It crystallizes in shining prisms, melts at 45°, nium carbonate. The esters of carbamic acid
and boils at 185°. It has a peculiar smell are called urethanes. A., Carbazotic. See.-/,
and taste. A., Anisic, Cj,HÔ.j, obtained by Picric. A., Carbolic, CgHÔII, phenol, —
oxidizing anisol and anethol with IINO.j, the correct designation of this substance is —
and from aniseed by the action of oxidizing procured from coal tar by fractional distilla-
substances. A., Anticylic, a white, fragrant tion. It has a very peculiar and characteristic
powder with pleasant, acid taste, readily odor, a burning taste, is poisonous, and has
soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol ;
it is
antisejitic properties. The sp. gr. at 0° is
used as an antipyretic. Dosegr. jj^ (.0006). 1 .084 ;

it rhombic nee-
crystallizes in colorless
A., Arabic. See Aralnn. A., Aromatic, a dles that melt at 42.2°, boiling at 180°, and it
name applied to certain organic acids occur- is not
decomposed upon distillation. At ordi-
ring in the balsams, resins, and other odori- nary temperatures it dissolves in water with
ferous principles. Also, in jiharmacy, a difficulty (l 15), but is soluble in alcohol,
:
dilute mineral acid reinforced by aromatic ether, glacial acetic acid, and glycerml, in all
substances in order to modify its flavor. A., proportions. It unites with bases to form
Arsenic, and Arsenous. See Arsenic. A., salts, known as Carholates. Upon exposure
Aspartic, CÎI.NO^, occurs in the vinasse to light and air it
deliquesces and ac(|uires a
obtained from the beet root, and is procured pinkish color. It is used in the manufacture
from albuminous bodies in various reactions. of many of the artificial
coloring matters,
It is
prepared by boiling asparagin with e.
g., picric acid. a powerful antiseptic
It is
alkalies and acids, crystallizes in rhombic and germicide. Internally it is useful in
dibasic prisms, or leaflets, and dissolves with vomiting, fermentation in the stomach, and
difficulty in water. A., Auric, Au(0II)3, as an intestinal antiseptic locally, as a ;
gold trihydroxid. A., Benzoic, C-Hf.().„ caustic. Dose, internally, gr. J^-ij (003-
occurs free in some resins, chiefly in gum 0.13). A. Carb., Aqua, contains 10 drams
benzoin, and in coal tar. It crystallizes in of the glycerite to I
pint of water. Dose ^]-
white, shining needles, or leaflets, melts at ,^ss (4.0-16.0). A. Garb., Gargarisma,
120°, and distils at 250°. It volatilizes grs. ij-,TJ (0.13-32.0) for fetid sore throat. A.
readily, its vapor possessing a jieculiar Carb., Glyceritum, contains acid i, glycerol
odor. A., Boracic, or Boric. See fionvi. 4 parts. A. Carb., Liquefactum (B. P.).
A., Butyric, C^HÔ.^, an acid having a Dose Vt\j-ij (0.06-0.13). A., Carb., Solu-
viscid appearance and rancid smell. It is tions, vary from I to 5 per cent, in water.
obtained commercially by the fermentation A. Carb., Suppos. cum Sapone (B. P.),
of a mixture of sugar and butter or cheese each contains gr. j (0.06) of carbolic acid.
in the presence of an alkaline carbonate, but A. Carb., Unguent., contains acid 10,
occurs in various plants, in cod-liver oil, in ointment 90 parts. A. Carbol., Injectio
the juice of meats, and in the perspiration. Hypoderm., 2-5 per cent., for anthrax and
Combined with glycerol as glyceryl butyrate. erysipelas. A., Carbonic, CO.^, carbon
ACID ACID
dioxid an ultimate product of the combustion
;
animal secretions. It is prepared by heating
of carbon compcjunds a colorless, odorless
;
oxalic acid and glycerol. It is a colorless,
gas, heavier than air, incapable

of sustain- mobile fluid, with a [xingent odor, and vesi-
ing respiration. A., Carminic, C]7His<*io> cates the skin. A., Gallic, C,11,.0., occurs
a coloring matter found in the buds of certain free in nutgalls, in tea, and in the fruit of
in cochineal, an insect
plants and especially
various other plants. It is obtained from
inhabiting different varieties of cactus. It is ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with dilute
an amori)hous purple-red mass, readily solu- acids. It crystallizes in tine, silky needles,
ble in water and alcohol, and yields red salts containing one molecule of water. It dis-
with the alkalies. A., Cathartic, or Cathar- solves slowly in water and readily in alco-
tinic, an active principle from several species hol and ether; has a faintly acid, astringent
of Cassi(2. A., Cerotic, C^-IIjÔ^, a fatty taste ;
melts near 220°. It is astringent
acid, existing beeswax and in Chinese

in and disinfectant ;
useful in
sweats,night
wax. A., Chloracetic \_chlorin and acetic\, diabetes, and chronic diarrhea. Gallici, A.
an acid, called also nnmochloraciiic acid, Unguent., benzoatcd lard 90, gallic acid
produced by the substitution of chlorin for C.^gll^^NO^ mono-
10. A., Glycocholic, a
the hydrogen of the radicle in acetic acid. basic acid found in bile sparingly soluble in
;
It is sometimes used as a caustic. A., water, and crystallizing in minute needles.

Chloric, IICIO3, an acid known only in its A., Glycuronic, C,.!!,/),. This acid has
compounds {chlorates) and its aqueous solu- been found in urine it
prol)al)ly docs not
;
tion A., Cholalic. See A. Cliolic. A., ,

exist there normally, but appears after taking
Cholic, 0^^114.^05, Cholalic Acid, from gly- certain drugs, as benzol, indol, nitro-benzol,
cocholic and taurocholic acids it crystal- ;
and the quinin derivatives. A., Hippuric,
lizes from hot water in small anhydrous CgllgNOj, Benzoyl Glycocoll, occurs in con-
prisms, sparingly soluble in water, and melt- siderable amount in the urine of herV)ivorous
ing at 195°. A., Chromic, strictly the animals, sometimes in that of man. It
compound H.^CrO^ it forms salts called

; crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and dissolves
chromates. In most books the chromium readily in hot water and alcohol. A., Hy-
trioxid, CrOj, is called by this name. It is driodic, HI, Acidiim Hydriodicttvi ; a gase-
escharotic. Chryso- ous acid. Its solution and a syrup prepared
crystalline solid ; A.,
phanic, Cj^HjÔ^, Rhcinic Acid, exists in from it, Syrupiis acidi hydriodici (U. S.
the lichen, Parmelia parictitia, in senna I'h.), are used
as alteratives, with the gen-
leaves, and in the rhubarlj root. It crystallizes eral effects of iodin. Dose of the syrup,
in golden yellow needles or prisms, melting f:^j-iv (4.0-16.0). A., Hydrobromic,
at 162°. See Chrysarohin. A., Cinnamic, IIBr the dilute acid, which is the chief
;
and Tolu balsams, in form used, consists of 10 parts acid and 90

CglljÔ,^, occurs in Peru
and in some benzoin resins. It has parts water. It is a solvent for quinin, is
storax,
been used in tuberculosis, both internally and useful in hysteria, congestive headaches, and
externally. Dose
TT\j-x (0.06-0.65) hypo- neuralgia, and is recommended as a substitute
A., Citric, C^HjÔ,, occurs for potassium and sodium bromids. Dose
dermatically.
free inlemons, black currants, bilberry, beets, n\^xx-,îj (1.3-8.0). A., Hydrochloric,
and in various other acid fruits. It crystal- Muriatic Acid, HCl, a licpiid consisting of
lizes with one molecule of water in large 31.9 per cent, by weight of IR'l gas in 68.1
rhomljic prisms, that melt at 100°, are color- per cent, of water. It is colorless, pungent,
less, inodorous, and extremely sharjj in taste. and intensely acid. A., Hydrochloric,
It is refrigerant, antiseptic, and diuretic. Dilute, a ten per cent, solution of absolute
A., Cresolsulphuric, C-ILO.SO.2.OII, ex- acid in water. Valualile as an aid to diges
ists in the urine in small traces. A., tion. Dose nîij-x (0.19-0.65). A., Hy-
Cresylic. See Ovw/. A., Cyanic, CONII, drocyanic, Dilute, IICN, Prtissic Acid,
obtained by heating polymeric cyanuric acid. a liquid consisting of two per cent, of the
A., Cyanuric. See A., Tricyanic. A., acid with 98 per cent, of water and alcohol.
Diacetic, C^HgO,, an acid present in the It possesses an odor like that of bitter
urine in certain stages of diabetes and other almonds. Prussic acid is found in the bit-
diseased conditions. A., Fatty, a mono- ter almond, the leaves of the pe.ach, and in
basic acid formed by the oxitlation of a the cherry laurel, from the leaves of which
The fatty acids have a it is distilled. It is one of the most active
primary alcohol.
general formula of C„H.,nO.^. A., Fluoric, poisons known, death from complete as-
phyxia being almost instantaneous.
It is
HF, gaseous and soluble in water; a strong
valuable for sedative effects in vomiting,
A., Formic, CIT./).^, an acid
escharotic. its
obtained from a fluid emitted tiy ants when whooping-cough, and spasmodic affections.
irritated it is also found in

; stinging net- Dose ITLJ-iij (0.06-0.2). A.. Hydrocyanic.
Vapor, I p.art of dilute acid in 4
(>
tles, in shoots of the pine, and in various parts
ACID ACID
of water, warmed, and the vapor inhaled to Nitric, Dilute, contains 10 percent, absolute
relieve irritable coughs. A., Hydrofluoric, acid. It is used
internally to aid digestion ;
HF, an aqueous solution of hydroiluoiic to stimulate the

hepatic function, etc. Dose
gas, powerfully corrosive, used for etching rrLiij-xv (0.2-1.0), well diluted. A. Nitro-
on glass. A., Hydrosulphuric, H.,S, a hydrochloric. A., Nitromuriatic, Ai/ua
gas formed during the putrefaction of albu- A'egicT, a golden-yellow, fuming mixture of
minous substances it occurs in sulphur min-
; 4 parts of nitric and 15 of hydrochloric acid.
eral waters, and is produced by the action of It is a solvent of
gold, and is valuable in affec-
mineral acids on metallic sulphids. It has tions of the liver. Dose n\,j-vij
(0.06-0.45),
the odor of rotten eggs. It is also called Hy-
very dilute. A., Nitrohydrochloric, Di-
drogen Sulphid, Sulphiiretled Hydrogen, and lute, consists of 4 parts nitric and 18 hydro-
Sulphydric Acid. A., Hypochlorous, chloric acid, and 78 parts water. Dose
HCIO, an unstable compound, important ITLv-xx (0.3-1.3), well diluted. A. Oleic,
as a disinfecting and bleaching agent. A., C,gH3^02, an acid present in many fats and
Hypophosphorous, H3PO2, its salts
(hy- oils. It is a colorless oil,
crystallizing on
also the dilute acid, and a
pophosphites), cooling, soluble in alcohol, benzol, and the
syrup prepared from it, are used as remedial essential oils ; insoluble in water. It saponi-
agents. (See Calcii Hypophosphis, Ferri fies when heated with alkaline bases. It is
Hypophosphis, Sodii Hypophosphis, Potassii used in making the oleates. A., Organic,
Hypophosphis .') A., Indoxylsulphuric, an an acid characterized by the presence of the
acid that, combined with potassium, occurs
carboxyl group, CO. OH. A., Orthophos-
in the urine asindican. A., Iodic, HIO3, phoric, HjPOj, ordinary phosphoric acid, as
a monobasic acid. Its solution
per (two distinguished from metaphosphoric and pyro-
cent.) has been recommended as an alter- phosphoric acids. A., Osmic, OsO^, the
ative by subcutaneous injection. A., Lactic, oxid of osmium, one of the rarer elements ;
HCjHjO.,, a liquid containing 75 per cent, it occurs as yellow, acrid,

burning crystals,
of absolute acid in 25 per cent, of water, yielding an intensely irritating vapor it has ;
produced in the fermentation of milk. Iteen recommended for hypodermatic use in

It is useful in
aiding digestion, in dia- sciatica, strumous glands, and cancer. It is
betes, in tuberculosis of the larynx, and as used in histology as a fixing agent and as a
a solvent of false membrane in stain for fat. A., Oxalic, a colorless
diphtheria. C.,H./\,
Dose 3SS-5SS (2.0-16.0) in the 24 hours. crystalline solid obtained by treating sawdust
A., Lactic, Dil. (Ij. P.). Dose ^ss-ij with caustic soda and potash. It occurs in
(2.0-8.0). A., Linoleic, CjgHjgO^. occurs many plants chiefly as potassium oxalate ;
as glycerid in drying oils, such as linseed oil, with two parts of water it crystallizes in
hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. A., Malic, fine transparent monoclinic It is
prisms.
C^HgOj, a bibasic acid, occurring free or soluble in nine parts of water at moderate
in theform of salts in many plant juices, in
temperature and quite easily in alcohol.
unripe apples, in grapes, and in mountain- It has been recommended in amenorrhea.
ash berries. It forms
deliquescent Dose gr. )4-^ (0.032-0.048). In large
crystals,
that dissolve readily in alcohol, slightly in doses it is a violent poison. A., Palmitic,
ether, and melt at 100°; it has a pleasant acid
^16^3202' ^^ ^cid existing as a glycerin
taste. A., Malonic, CgHÔ^, occurs in ether inpalm-oil and in most of the
the deposit found in the vacuum
pans em- solid fats. A., Phosphoric, HjPO^,
ployed in the beet-sugar manufacture it may Orthophosphoric Acid, contains
be obtained by the oxidation of malic acid
;
50 per
cent, each of acid and water; it is ob-
with chromic acid. A., Meconic, a tained from bones or by oxidation of
CjH/)., phos-
tribasic acid, occurring in in union with
opium phorus. A., Phosphoric, Dilute, contains
morphin. with 3H.Ô in white
It crystallizes 10 per cent, of absolute acid. It is em-
lamimTj. A., Metaphosphoric, HPO^, a ployed in digestive disturbances, in stru-
glassy solid, freely soluble in cold water, and mous diseases, and to dissolve
converted by boiling into phosphatic
orthophosphoric deposits. Dose Tt\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). A.,
acid. It is used as a test for albumin
Phosphorous, H3PO3, a tribasic oxyacid
in the urine. A., Muriatic. See A., Hv- of phosphorus,
containing one atoin of
drochloric. A., Myronic, C,oH,,,NS._,0,(,, an less than
oxygen phosphoric acid. A.,
acid that occurs as a potassium salt" in the
Picric, CgH2(NO._,)30H, Carbazotic Acid,
seeds of black mustard. A., Nitric, HXO.,, 7'rinitrophenol, obtained by the nitration of
a liquid consisting of 68
per cent, absolute phenol. It_ crystallizes from hot water and
acid in 32 per cent, of water. The pure alcohol in yellow leaflets or
acid is colorless, fuming, and prisms which
highly caustic. ]iossess a very bitter taste. It is
It isused in cauterization of chancres and readily
soluble in hot water, its solution
imparting a
phagedenic ulcers and as a reagent. A., beautiful yellow color to silk and wool. It
ACID ACID-ALBUMIN
is recommended as an antiperiodic and an- night-sweats ;
also in hemoptysis. Dose
tlielniiiitic. It is used as a test for albumin n\v-xv (0.32-1.0). A., Sulph., Dilute,
and sugar. Dose gr. v-xv (0.32-I.0) per contains 10 per cent, strong acid to 90 of
diciii. A., Prussic. See A., Hydro- water. It is used as an astringent. Dose
n\_x-
cyanic. A., Pyrogallic, CgHgOg, pyro- XV (0.65-1.0), well diluted. A., Sulphur-
gallol, formed by heating gallic acid with ous, II^SO.j, a colorless acid containing about
water to 2io°. It forms white leaflets 6.4 per cent, of sulphurous anhydrid in 93.6
or needles, is readily soluble in water, per cent, of water. The gas, SCJ^, is a val-
less so in alcohol and ether. It is use- uable disinfectant. The acid is used as a
ful in the treatment of certain skin dis- spray or lotion in diphtheria, stomatitis, and
eases, but is poisonous, and must be used as a wash for indolent and syphilitic ulcers.
with caution. A., Pyroligneous, the crude The various hyposulphites are mainly valua-
acid obtained in the destructive distillation ble in that they decompose and give off
of wood. It is a clear litjuid of reddish- sulphur dioxid. Dose TT\^v-_::^j (0.32-4.0).
brown color and strong acid taste, with a A., Sulphydric. See A., I'/ydrosulp/iuric.
peculiar penetrating odor described as em- A., Tannic, Cj^llii/Jg, Ihmiin, a.n astringent
pyreumatic, due largely to the furfurol it acid obtained from nutgalls, and occurring in
contains. It contains from four to seven yellowish, scaly crystals. It is soluble in
per cent, of real acetic acid. A., Pyro- water and alcohol. an antidote in
It is
phosphoric, the dihydric phosphate, 2H2- poisoning by alkaloids and tartar emetic, and
is used as an
U.l'jUj, one of the forms of phosphoric astringent in catarrh of mucous
acid. It is poisonous. Its iron salt is used in membranes, and externally in many skin
medicine. The pure acid is a soft, glassy mass. diseases. Dose gr. j-xx (0.065-1.3). A.,
A., Salicylic, C^HgOj, Ortho- oxybcnzoic Tann., Glyceritum, one part tannin in four
Acid, occurs in the buds of Spircca Clmaria, of glycerol. A., Tann., Suppositories, one
in the oil of wintergreen, and other varieties part of tannin to five of butter of cacao.
of gaultheria. It consists of four-sided A., Tann., Troches, each contains ^
prisms and crystallizes readily from hot gr. of tannic acid.
(0.032) A., Tann.,
water in long needles. It is soluble in water Unguent, a ten per cent, ointment of the
and in chloroform, and is antiseptic ;
it is acid incorporated with benzoated lard. A.,
used in the treatment of acute articular Tartaric, Cj^HjîO^, an astringent acid
rheumatism and myalgia. Dose grs. v-xx widely distributed in the vegetable world, oc
(0.3-1.3), not exceeding ^j (4.0), daily. curring principally in the juice of the grape,
A., Sarcolactic, C.^HgO,, occurs in blood from which it deposits after fermentation in
and in muscles, to which it gives their acid the form of acid potassium tartrate (argol). It
reaction, especially after the muscles have is chiefly employed in refrigerant drinks and
been in a state of activity. It is also found in baking powders 20 grains neutralize 27
;
in urine in phosphorus poLsoning. A., Scle- of potassium dicarbonate, 22 of sodium di-

rotinic, an acid found in ergot, of which it carbonate, and 1 5/^ of ammonium carbonate.
is one of the active principles. A., Stearic, Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-1.3). A., Tauro-
Cj^HggO,,, associated with palmitic and oleic cholic, Cj^HjjIsQS^ occurs in bile it is very ;
acids as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats, soluble in water and alcohol and crystallizes
the tallows. A., Succinic, CÎIijO^, an acid in fine needles. A., Trichloracetic, llCj-
obtained in the distillation of amber, and CI3O2, an acid formed from acetic acid, three
also prepared artificially. A., Sulphanilic, atoms of the hydrogen of which are (in the
CgH^(NH.J.S03H, obtained by heating new acid) replaced by chlorin. It is used as
anilin part)(
with
l
fuming HjSO^ (2 parts) a reagent for the detection of albumin in the
to iSo° until SO.2 appears. It crystallizes in urine, and as a caustic. A., Uric, C^H^-
rhombic plates which eftloresce in the air. N4O3, an acid found in the urine of all ani-
It isused as a reagent. A., Sulphocarbolic, mals, especially man and the carnivora
—
CgH;;HS04, phenyl bisulphate, formed by the rarely in the herbivora
—
abimdantly in the
union of carbolic and sulphuric acids. Its excrement of birds, reptiles, and molluscs.
salts, the sulphocarbolates, are used in med- It exists usually in comljination with the
icine as intestinal
antiseptics, etc. A., metals of the alkaline group. It is se]iarated
Sulphuric, H.^SO^, Oil of Vitriol, a heavy, from urine by adding hydrochloric acid and
oily, corrosive acid, consisting of not less allowing the crystals to settle. A., Valeric,
than 92.5 per cent, sulphuric anhydrid and C.-H||,0.„is formed by oxidizing
normal amyl
It is used as a reagent alcohol. It is a mobile liquid with caustic
7.5 per cent, of water.
'and as a A., Sulph., Aromatic,
caustic. acid taste and the jiungent smell of old cheese.
contains 20 per cent, acid, diluted with alco- Acid-Albumin [(is'-id-al-l>u'-/)iin).
A pro-
in the
hol and flavored with cinnamon and ginger. teid acted upon or dissolved strongel
It is used as an astringent in diarrhea and in acids, and yielding an acid reaction.
ACIDIFIABLE ACONITUM
Acidifiable {as-id^-if-i-a-bl) [â aJurn, sicxd; over the surface of the body. A. hypertro-
fieri, to become]. Capable of becoming an phica, a stage of A. rosacea in which there is
acid, or of becoming sour. a permanent, intensely red, noninflammatory,
Acidification {(.xs-id-if-ik-a' -shii>i) \_acidutn, . nodulated thickening of the tips and sides of
acid ; facere, to make] Conversion into an
. the nose, expanding it, both laterally and
acid ;
the process of becoming sour. longitudinally. A. indurata, a variety of
Acidimeter [as-id-i/Ji'-et-er) \acidum, acid ;
A. 7'ulgaris, characterized by chronic, livid
Hhpov, a measure]. An instrument for per- indurations, the result of extensive perifolli-
cular infiltration. It is esjiecially seen in
forming acidimetry.
Acidimetry \_acidum, acid
(us-zd-im^-c-t-n') ;
strumous subjects. A. keratosa, a rare
fiETpov, a measure].
Determination of the form of acne in which a horny plug takes
free acid in a solution by an acidimeter, or the place of the comedo, and by its
presence
by chemic reactions. excites inflammation. A. mentagra. See
Acidity {as-id'-i/-e) \_acidum, acid]. The Sycosis. A. necrotica. Synonym of A.
quality of being acid ;
sourness ;
excess of varioliformis. A. papulosa. See Acne.
acid. A. picealis. Tar Acne ; a form of dermatitis
Acidulated (iis-id' -ii-la-ted) [acidulare, to Common in liber-dressers who work with par-
make sour]. Somewhat sour or acid. affin and in persons otherwise brought in
Acidulous [as-id^-tt-lus) \_acidulare, to
make contact with tar or its vapor. It involves
sour]. Moderately sour. chiefly the extensor surfaces of the limbs.

Acidum {as' -id-icm) [L. ]. See Acid. A. punctata, a variety of A. vulgaris.
Acinesia [as-in-e'-ze-ah) [a priv.; KLvrjocg, A. pustulosa, a variety of A. vulgaris,
motion]. Motor paralysis. characterized by abscesses. A. rodens.
Acinetic [as-in-ct'-ik) \_aK'LvrjTOQ , motionless]. Synonym of .4. varioliformis. A. rosacea.
Relating to, or affected with, acinesia. Rosacea ; Telangiectasis faciei ; NiEvus
Aciniform (âs-i)i' -if-orm) \_acinus, a grape].
araneus ; Brandy Nose; Wkisky N'ose ;
Grape-like. Spider Nevus; Spider Cancer. A chronic,

Acinus [ns'-i?i-tis) [ucin/es, grape: //., a hyperemic, or inflammatory affection of the
Aiini'\. Anyone of the smallest lobules of skin, situated usually upon the face, espe-
a compound glandj as an acinus of the liver. cially the nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin.
Acme {ilk' -me) [(ikm//, a point]. The highest A. scrofulosa, a variety of A. cachectico-
point of anything. The critical stage of a rum, occurring in strumous children. A.
disease the crisis.
;
sebacea. .Synonym of Seborrhea. A. sim-
Acmon (ak'-nioti) [a/c/iwi',
an anvil]. The plex, a variety of .4. vulgaris. A. sycosi-
incus. formis. Same as Sycosis non parasitica.
Acne [ak'-tie) ^ point]. Acne vul-
[uA'i''/>
A. tarsi, an inflammatory affection of the
garis ; Varus : a common,
usually chronic, large sebaceousglands of the eye-lasht^
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous (Meibomian glands). A. varioliformis, a
glands, occurring mostly about the face, rather rare disease, situated chiefly about the
chest; and back. The lesions may be pajû- forehead, at the junction with the hairy scalp,
lar, pustular, or tubercular. It occurs usually and extending into the hair. The pustules
between the ages of puberty and twenty- appear in groups. Its etiology is unknown.
four years, is generally worse in winter, A. vulgaris. See Acne.
and is associated with menstrual and gastro- Aconite (ak'-on-it). See Aconi'um.
intestinal troubles. The individual lesions Aconitic Acid {ak-on-it' -ik). See Acid.
consist of minute pink, acuminate papules Aconitum [ak-on-i'-tum) ||L.]. The root
or pimples, in the center of which is a black- of Aconitum napellus. It possesses a bitter,
topped comedo [A. punctata, A. papulosa). pungent taste, and produces numbness anil
A., Adenoid. See Lupus, Disseminated ]5ersistent tingling in the tongue and lips. It
Follicular.A. adolescentium. Synonym is very poisonous. It depresses the heart,
of .4. A. albida. Synonym of
vulgaris. respiration, circulation, and paralyzes the sen-
Milium. A. artificialis, that form that dis- sory nerves. It is antipyretic, diaphoretic,
appears when the cause is removed. A. and diuretic. The active principle is Aconi-
atrophica. of A. varioliformis.
Synonym tin. As a diaphoretic and depressant to the
A. cachecticorum, a form occurring in circulation, it is highly beneficial in fevers,
starved or debilitated persons after long acute throat affections, and inflammation of
wasting diseases, as phthisis. A. ciliaris, the respiratory organs. Dose gr. ss-ij (0.03-
A. dissem-
acne at the edges of the eyelids. 0.13). A., Abstractum, has double the
inata. Synonym of A. vulgaris. A. ery- strength of the powdered drug, or its fluid ex-
thematosa. Synonym of A. j-osacea. A. tract.Dose gr. %-] (0.016-0.065). A.
frontalis. Synonym of A. varioliformis. Extractum. Dose gr. Ye-yi (o.oii 0.022).
A. generalis, acne that has become general A., Ext. Fid., has a strength of one drop
ACOREA ACROMIOCLAVICULAR
to the grain of powdered drug. Dose Yi\,l4- Acroanesthesia {ak -
ro -
an -
es - the' -
ze -
ah)
ij (0.032-0.13). A., Liniment. (B. P.), [luipw, e.xtremity aiataDtinia, want of feel-
;
aconite root, camphor, and rectified .spirit. ing]. Anesthesia of the extremities.
A., Tinct., contains, aconite 35, alcoliol and Acroasphyxia {ak-ro-as-fiks' -e ah) [dwor,
water, each 17. s. to malce 100 parts. Dose extremity a priv.; a(j>vîc, pulse]. As|)hyxia
;
V(\^%-\v (0.032-0.2(1). following are The of the extremities, the so-called

phenomena
unofficial Aconitina, CgÎIj^NOij (acon-
: of Raynaud.
itum), an amorithoiis solid. i)()se gr.
,ij- Acrocephalia {ak-ro-sef-a'-kah) [.m/joi', a
^'g (0.0003-0.0013). A., Injectio Hypo- l)oint; /ct<;»M//, the head]. A deformity of
dermica, one grain in ounce. ^
Dose rry- the head in which the vertical diameter is
iv (0.065-0 26). A. Oleatum, a two per increased and the top is more or less
pointed.
cent, solution of aconite in oleic acid. A., Acrocephalic, Acrocephalous {ak-ro-sef-
Ung. (B. P.). eight grains to the ounce. al-ik, ak-ro-sef -al-us) [jiKpov, a point ;
Acorea [iih-ko'-re-ah) [a priv.; mpi], pupil]. KE<i,a/ri, the head]. Characterized by acro-
Al).sence of the pupil. cephalia the of the head unusu-
having ;
top
Acoria [ah-ko-re'-ah) [a priv.; K^frnq, satis- ally high.
faction]. A greedy or insatiable appetite. Acrocinesis {ak-ro-sin-e'-sis) [aKfinr, ex-
Acormus (ah-kor' -tnns) [u priv.; kuj)ii6(;, the treme ; Kir>/air, movement]. Excessive mo-
trunk]. A monster without a trunk or body. tility ; abnormal freedom of movement, as
Acorus [ak'-o-rus) [a priv.; noprj, the seen in certain cases of hysteria.
pupil]. See Calamus. Acrocinetic {ak-ro-sin-ei' ik)laKf)i>(, extreme ;
Acoumeter, Acouometer {ah-koo'-rnet-er, iiiv7/aii; movement]. Characterized by acro-

ah-koo-oni'-et-er') \!iM'\-eiv, to hear ; f-drpCiv, a cinesis.
measure]. An
instrument for measuring the Acrodynia {ak-ro-din' -e-ah) [a/cpof, an ex-
acuteness of hearing. tremity; 66ii»i, pain]. Epidemic erythema;
Acoustic [ah-koos'-tik or ah-koivz-tik) \_aKova- a disease closely allied to
pellagra. It is
TLKoi;']. Relating to the ear or sense of hear- characterized principally by pricking pains in
ing. A. Duct, the external meatus of the the palm and soles, hyperesthesia followed
ear. A. Nerve, the eighth cranial nerve. by anesthesia of these parts, and an erythe-
A. Tetanus, the rapidity of the induction matous eruption ]ireceded by bulhe, chielly
shocks in a frog's nerve-muscle preparation, on the hands and feet. This is followed by
as measured by the pitch of a vibrating exfoliation and dark-brown or black pig-
rod. A. Tubercle, a rounded elevation on mentation.
either side of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Acroesthesia {ak-ro-es-the' -zc-ah) [(/h/»Of,
Acoustics (ah-koos'-tiks or a-ko7vs' -tiks) extreme; aZa^^z/OTf, sensation]. Exaggerated
[a«oi'(Tr(\of] . The science of sound. sensitiveness, or sensibility.
Acquired [ak-wi' -erd) \_acqtuerere, to ac- Acrolein (ak-ro'-k-in) [izc^r, sharp ; oleum,
quire]. Obtained; especially obtained after oil], CjHÔ. Acrylic aldehyd. A volatile
birth, not inherited. liquid derived from the decomposition of
Acraconitin {ah-kra-con'-it-ht). See Psettdo- glycerol.
c on! tin. Acromania [ak-ro-vta' -ne-ah) \aKpoq, ex-
Acrania {ah-kra'-ne-ah) [a priv.; Kpavlov, treme jiuria, matlness].
;
Incurable or ex-
skull]. The of a monster with
condition treme insanity.
partial or complete absence of the cranium. Acromastitis [ak-ro-mas-ti'-tis) [anpo^, ex-
Acranial {ah-kra' -nc-al) [u priv.; Kpav'iov, treme fiaaroc, nipple; i/is, inflammation].
;
skull]. Without cranium. Inflammation of the nip])le.

Acraturesis {ah-krat-iire' -sis) \_aKpaTeia, Acromegalia, Akromegaly (ak-ro mei;-a'-k-
lack of strength ovptjat^,
;
micturition]. ah, ak-ro-viex'-al-e) [uKpn^; fieyahi, large].
Inability to micturate, from atony of the A disease characterized by an overgrowth
bladder. of the extremities and of the face, including
Acrid [ak'-rid) [acer, acris, sharp]. Pun- the bony as well as the soft parts. The
gent, irritating. etiology is unknown. In a number of cases
Acridin [ak'-rid-in) {âfer, acrid], Cj^HgN. the pituitary botly has been enlarged dis- ;
A substance produced by heating anilin and ease of the thyroid gland has also been found
salicylic aldehyd to 260° with ZnClj. It in some instances.
dissolves in dilute acids with a beautiful green Acromial [ak-fo'-tiie-al) [oKpoq, the summit ;
fluorescence, and has a very pungent odor. (jiioc, the shoulder]. Relating to the acro-
Acritical (ah-krit'-ik-al) [a priv.; Kpiani, a mion.
crisis]. Without a crisis not relating to a ;
Acromio-clavicular [ak-ro' -me-okla'.'ik'-u-
crisis.
lay) [(JK/Jof the summit ('i/'^'f
,
ihc shoulder ; , ;
Acroaesthesia See clavtts, a key]. Relating to the acromion

{ak-ro-es-the'-ze-ah).
Acroesthesia, and the clavicle.
ACPOMIO-HUMERAL ACUPUNCTURE
Acromio-humeral [^tk-ro' ->7ie-o-hii' -iner-al) Actinism [ak'-tin-izni] \aKTiq, a ray]. The
the shoulder ; hu- chemic quality of
\aKpov, the summit ; w/ôf, light.
merus']. Relating to the acromion and the Actinomyces iâk-tin-o-ml'-sez) [(i/cr/f, a ray ;
humerus. A. Muscle, the deltoid. pvKijg, fungus]. A vegetable parasite,
Acromion [ak ro'-me-on) ra/>/)0!', the summit ;
the cause of the disease actinomycosis. It
w/iof , the shoulder] triangular-shaped

. The is also called the Hay Fungus. It prob-
process at the summit of the scapula. ably belongs to the Cladothrix group of
Acromio-thoracic [ak-ro' -nie-o-tho-ra' -sili) Schizomycetes. As seen in tissues it presents
Relating to itself in the form of a rosette of fine fila-
\acroniion ; li(lii>nS, thorax].
the shoulder and thorax. ments clubbed at their outer ends; in the
Acromphalus (ak-roin'-fal-us) \hKf)ov, ex- center are numerous coccus-like bodies, the
i. The cen- spores of the organism.
tremity ou<l)aA6g, the navel],
;
ter of the umbilicus, to which the cord is at- Actinomycosis [ak-tin-o-mi-co' -sis') \_aKr'ig, -.
tached. 2. The first stage of umbilical her- ray; //c/iV/f, a fungus]. A

parasitic, infectious,
nia, marked by a pouting of the navel. inoculable disease first observed in cattle, and
Acronarcotic [ukronar-kot'-ik) Sj'cer, also occurring in man, and characterized by
sharp ; vapKovv, to benumb]. Both acrid the manifestations of chronic inflammation,

and narcotic. with or without suppuration, often resulting
Acroneurosis (ak-ro-7in-ro' -sis) \h>nwv, an in the formation of granulation tumors, espe-
extremity vevpop, a nerve].

; Any neurosis cially about the jaws. The disease is due to
manifesting itself in the extremities. the presence of a parasite, the ray fuugus, or
Acronyx (nk'-ro-nix) [(ii<pov, an extremity; attinoinyces. The disease is often called
bvv^, a nail]. The ingrowing of the nail. lumpy- jarv, holdfast, or wooden tongue.
Acroparalysis (cik-ro-par-al'-is-is) \_aKpnv, Actinomycotic [ak-tin-o-ini-kof -tk) [atirig,
an extreme; Trapii, by; 'avew, to loose]. ray ; pvio/g,
fungus]. Pertaining to or affected
Paralysis of the extremities. with actinomycosis.
Acroparesthesia
-
[ak-ro- par-es-the' ze-ali) Action [aiy-sh/fu) \_agcre, to do, or perform],
\hKpnv, extremity ; napn, around alalh/aii;, ;
A doing, a working; especially the perform-
sensation]. Abnormal or perverted sensation ance of a function. A., Reflex, an in-
in the extremities. voluntary movement of part of the body re-
Acropathology (ak-ro-path-ol' -o-je) \_aKpov, sulting from an impression carried by a sen-
an extremity ;
disease ; Xdyog, treat-
-irdOoc;, sory or afferent nerve .to a center, and then
ise]. The patliology of the extremities. sent back by an efferent nerve to the part,
Acropathy {ak-rop' -a-thc) \_aKpi)v,
an extrem- usually at or near the source of irritation.
ity ; TTatiog, suffering]. Any disease of the Active \agere, to do or perform].
[ak'-tiv)
extremities. I. Energetic decisive as A. treatment.
; ; 2.
Acrophobia [ak-ro-fo'-be-ali] \_hKpQv, a Due to an

intrinsic force as distinguished
height ipofioc;, fear].
;
Morbid dread of be- from ]iassive, as A. hyperemia.
ing at a great height. Actual [ak' -chu-al) \jigt're, to do]. Real,
Acrotarsium [ak-ro-tar' -se-utn) \_aKpov, the effective. A. Cautery. See Cautery.
summit ; rapaog, the tarsus]. The instep. Actuation [ak-chu-a'-shun) \agere, to do or
Acrotic {ak-rot'-ik) [a priv.; Kpuroc, a perform]. The mental function that is ex-
striking]. Relating to acrotism. ercised between the impulse of volition and
Acrotism {ah'-krot-izni) [« priv.; spo-og, its performance.
a striking]. Any defective beating of the Acuity (ak-u'-it-e) \acuitas ; aeuere, to
pulse failure
; of the juilse. sharpen]. Acuteness or clearness, as acuity
Acrylaldehyd [ak-ril-al'-de-hid') \_(uer, of vision.
sharp aldehyd~\, C-^HÔ.
; Acrolehi, the al- Acumeter [ak-oo'-tnet-cr) [a/cn/sn', to hear;
dehyd of the allyl series ; a colorless, mo- a measure].
//tT/joi', An instrument for testing
bile liquid, of a pungent odor. hearing.
Vctea, or Actsea [ak-tc' -ah) [ri/ir//,
the Acuminate [ak u'- inin at) \_aiuniinatus
- -
elder]. A genus of ranunculaceous plants pointed, acute]. Sharp-pointed.

having active medicinal qualities. A. alba, Acupressure [ak'-u-preih ilr)[â'!ts,a. needle ;
the white cohosh, has same quali- much the prc/iiere, to press]. An (;|ienUion to stop
ties as A. spicata. A. cimicifuga is more hemorrhage by compressing the artery with
important. See Ci/ziiiifuxa. A. racemosa. a needle inserted into the tissues upon either
See Ciinicifu<:[a. A. rubra, red cohosh, and side.
A. spicata are purgative and emetic. Acupuncture {ak' -u-punk-chur) [«</«, a
Actinic {ak-tin'-ik) [a/c-(f, a ray]. Refer- needle pungere, to prick].
;
Puncture of
ring to those rays of the s]iectram capable the skin or tissue by one or more needles for
of producing chemic changes ; they occur in the relief of pain, the exit of fluid, the coag
the violet and ultra-violet. ulation of blood in an aneurysm, etc.
ACUTE ADENOMALACTA
Acute ((?/•«/"') [(/<7//«.v, .sliai|)]. Sharp, sharp- condition of the blood. A., Simple, a syiio
puiiitetl, keen; ut" diseases, having a rapid n)ni of //odi^kin's Disease.
oiist't, a short course, and pronounced syini)- Adeniform {ad-en' -e-fornt) gland ;
[d(>//i',
tonis and termination. forma, resemblance]. Of the shape of a
Acuteness {ak-iit' -nes) \_atittus, sharp]. The gland gland like.
(juahty of being acute. Adenin

;
{ad'-en-in) [dr5//r, a gland first dis- —

Acutorsion [ak-ii-toi-'-s/utit] [(?(V«, a needle ; covered in the pancreas], ^"sH^Nj. The
torsio>f\. The twisting of an artery witli simplest member of tlje uric acid group of
a needle as a means of controlling liemor- leukomains, apparently formed by polymeri-
rhage. zation of hydrocyanic acid. It occurs, with
Acyesis [a/i-si-i'-sis) \_a priv.; Krj/aic;, preg- other bases, as a decomposition product of
nancy]. I. Sterility of the female. 2. nuclein, and may be obtained from all ani-
The absence of pregnancy. mal and vegetable tissues rich in nucleated
Ad \_ti(/, to]. A Latin preposition, signifying cells. It crystallizes in kaikts with
pearly
/c>, towa}\i, at, etc. Ad dcliquhwi, to faint- luster. It e.vists abundantly in the liver and
ing. Ad
libitum, at pleasure, or according urine of leukocythemic patients. Adenin is
to discretion. not poisonous.
Adactylism [ah-da/y-tit-izui) [d jiriv. ;
Adenitis [ad-en-i'-tis) \li<îjv, gland ; nir, in-
(li/;.7i'/of, a linger]. The absence of the fianimation]. Inllanmiation of a gland.
digits. Adeno- [d(5;/i', gland]. prefix denoting A
Adactylous ia/i-dak^-til-us) [d priv.; 6aK- relation to glands.
TvAuc, finger]. Without fingers or toes. Adenocarcinoma [ad-en-o-kar-siu-o'-ntah)
Adam's Apple [,id^-tiMz ap'-pl). See Po- gland Kuimlvuc, a cancer].
\a<îjv, ; Adenoma
iinaii Adaini. blended with carcinoma.
Adansonia digitata (ad-an-so'-neali dij-it- Adenocele (ad'-en-o-sel, or ad-en-o-se'-le)
a'-tah). 'Ihe IJaobab tree, a native of gland; dfkri, a tumor].
[d(V/i', A cystic
Africa. The bark is used in the form of an tumor containing adenomatous elements.
infusion, _^j to Oj, as a remedy for inter- Adenocystoma {ad-en-o-sis-to' -inaJi) \a671v,
mittent fever. Unof. gland; Kvaric, tumor; oma, tumor]. A cys-
Addison's Disease. Melasma suprarenale, tic adenoma.
derniatomelasnia sujirarenale, or cutis a.'rea Adenofibroma {ad-eii-o-fi-bn/-ma//) \_a6r/v,
(" bronzed skin "), a disease of the supra- gland; fibra, fiber]. A combination of
renal capsules, first described by Addison, adenoma and fibroma.
and characterized by tuberculous infiltration Adenography [ad-en-og'-iafe) ["^'/i',
a
of the capsules, discoloration of the skin, gland pcifeir, to write].
; -}
A treatise on the
progressive anemia, and asthenia, ending in glandular system.
death from exhaustion. Brt^mzed skin can Adenoid {ad'-en-oid) [/iJa/f, gland ; elfioq,
occur without disease of the suprarenal cap- resemblance]. Resembling a gland. A.
sules, and the latter have been the seat of Acne. See Lupus, Disseminated Follicular.
morbid processes without an accompanying A. Body, the prostate gland. A. Disease.
change in the skin. .See Diseases, Table of. Synonym of Ilodgkiu^ s Disease. A. Tis-
A. Keloid. See Diseases, Table of. sue. Lymphadenoid tissue. A. Tumor.
Adducens {ad-du'-senz) [adducere, to bring See Adenoma. A. Vegetations, a term
toward]. An adductor, a term applied to applied to an hypertrophy of the adenoid
certain muscles. A. Oculi, the internal tissue that normally exists in the nasophar-
rectus muscle of the eye.
Adducent (ad-du^-se/tt) \_adducere, to bring Adenology {ad-en-ol'-o-;e) [a()//v, gland ;
towaril]. I'erforming adduction. /o}of, a

discourse]. The science of the
Adduction [ad-diik' -shtnt) \_adducere, to glandular system.
bring toward]. Any movement whereby a Adenoma {ad-en-o'-mah) [(k5//v, gland ona, ;
part brought toward another or toward

is tumor]. An epithelial tumor construcled after
the median line of the body. the type of a secreting gland. A. des-
Adductor {ad-duk'-tor) {âdduce re, to bring truens, a destructive form of adenoma.
toward].Any muscle effecting adduction. A., Malignant, an adenomatous carcinoma.
Adelomorphous {ad-el-o-mor'-fus\ \lu\ii'Koc, A., Racemose, an adenoma after the type
not evident; jiopcpi], form]. Not clearly de- of a racemose gland. A. Simplex, a tumor-
fined not having a determinate form (a term
;
like hyperplasia of a gland. A., Tubular,
applied to certain cells in the gastric glands). an adenoma after the type of a tuliular
Adenia {ad-e'-iie-ah) [dr5//v, gland]. A liy])er- gland.
Adenomalacia {ad en o-tnal-a' she
- - - -
plasia of the tissue of lympliatic glands lead- ah')
ing to the formation of tumors. A., Leu- [(iJ;/f,

a gland; fiahaKta, softening]. Ab
kemic, adenia associated with a leukemic normal softening of a gland.
3
ADENOMYOMA ADONIS AESTIVALIS
Adenomyoma {iid-cn-o-vii-o' -mah') \J\^riv, a Adipic (ad-ip' -iJi) \ad:ps, lard]. Of or be-
gland; //('C,
a muscle ; oiua, tumor]. tumor A longing to fat. A. Acid. See Acid.
composed of glandular and muscular tissues. Adipocere [ad'-ip-o-ser) [adeps, fat ; cera,
en wax]. A wax-like substance fomied by the
- o - -
o' -
Adenomyxoma ((?</-
iiiiks mah)
[u(5/;i',
a glaiul ; //rci^tt, mucus ; w«<-7, tumor]. exposure of fleshy tissue to moisture, with
A growth having the characters of adenoma the exclusion of air, /. e., in the earth or un-
and myxoma. der water. It consists of the fatty acids
in combination with the alkaline earths and
Adenopathy {adcii-op' -a-the) \ji6ijv, a gland ;
Tidtkx;, disease of a gland.

disease]. Any ammonium. Human bodies in moist burial
Adenopharyngitis [ad -en o -far- in -Ji^- tis) places often undergo this change.
-
a gland ; (fxipvy^, the throat ; inc, in- Adipoma [ad-ip-o' -tnah) \_adeps, fat ; oma, ?
{jiiiMji',
flammation]. Inflammation of the tonsils tumor: pi., Adipomata'^. A fatty tumor

and pharynx. lipoma.
Adenophthalmia {a J
- en -off - thai' - me - ah) Adipose [ad'-ip-os) \_adeps, fat]. P'atty. A.
[('uh'/r, gland ; ootfdlijo^, the eye]. Inflam- Tissue, fatty tissue, which is distributed
mation of the Meibomian glands. extensively through the body. It consists
Adenosarcoma [ad-en-o-sar-ho'-mah) [rtJ/)i',
of areolar connective tissue, the cells of
a gland adp^, flesh
; oma, a tumor] A ;
. which contain fat globules.
tumor with the characters of adenoma and Adiposis [ad-ip-o' -sis) [adeps, fat]. Cor-
sarcoma. pulence; fatty infiltration. A. dolorosa,
Adeps {ad'-efs) [L. gen., Adipis'\. Lard. ,
a disease characterized by the formation of
The fat obtained from the abdomen of the soft nodules throughout the connective tissue
hog, composed of 38 per cent, stearin and of the body, accompanied by neuralgic pains.
margarin, and 62 per cent, olein. It forms A. hepatica, fatty degeneration or infiltra-
70 per cent, of ceratum and 80 of unguentum. tion of the liver.
A. anserinus, goose grease. A. benzoi- Adipositas [ad-ip-os'-it-as) [L.]. I*"atness ;
natus, contains two per cent, of benzoin. cor])ulency.

A. lanae, lanolin. A. lanae hydrosus, hy- Adiposity [ad-ip-os'-it-e). Fatness ; corpu-
drous wool fat, the purified tat of the wool lency.
of the sheep. A. ovillus, mutton suet. Adipsia [ah-dip'
-
se-ah) \_a priv. ; d/i/'a,
Adipis, Oleum, a fixed oil expressed from thirst]. Absence of thirst.

lartl. A. preparatus (B. P.), purified fat Aditus [ad'-it-ns) [ad,\.o; ire, io go]. In
of the hog. Unguentum Simplex, con- anatomy, an entrance. A. laryngis, the
tains white wax, benzonted lard, and almond entrance to the larynx.
oil. A. suillus, hog's lard adeps. ; Adjuster [P>. adjuster, to ad-
[ad-jus' -ter) ,
Adermia (ah-der' -me-ah) \_a priv. ; fikpîa, just]. I. He who

or that which adjusts. 2.
skin]. Absence of the skin. A device formerly used for the forcible re-
Adhesion (ad-he' -zhiin) \_adhierere, to stick duction of dislocations.
to]. I. The attractive force between two Adjustment, Coarse. The rack and pinion
dissimilar bodies that are in contact. 2. Ab- for raising or lowering the tube of a micro-
normal union of two surfaces as a result of scope a considerable distance. A., Fine, the
inflammation, etc. A., Primary, called also micrometer screw generally at the top of the
Healing by First Intiittioti and by Immediate column of a microscope for raising or lower-
Union, a method of healing of wounds by the ing the tube slowly through a short distance.
production of lymph, followed by the vascu- Adjuvant [aj'-u-vant) [adjuvare, to assist].
larization and cicatrization of the exudate. A medicine that assists the action of another
A., Secondary, or Healing by Second Inten- to which it is added.
tion, or/'_)' Granulation,
is that mode of heal-
KdiX\.^yia.[ad-neI;s'-ah)[ad,\o; nectere, to join].
ing attended by the production of pus and the Adjunct jxirts, as the adnexa of the uterus. A.
formation of granulations. A., Plaster. See bulbi, the appendages of the bulb of the eye.
Emflasfriim. Adolescence [ad-o-les'-ens) [adolescere, to
Adhesive [ad-ke'-siz') \_adh(rrere, to adhere]. grow]. Youth, or the period between puberty
Sticky, tenacious. A. Inflammation, in- and maturity, usually reckoned as extending
flammation accompanied by plastic exuda- in males from about 14 to 25 years, and in
tion, and tending to the union of apposed females from 12 to 21 years.
surfaces. A. Plaster. See Resin and Adonidin [ad-on'-id-in) [Adonis']. A glu-
Emplastrnm. cosid derived from Adonis vernalis, a plant
Adiantum {ad-e-an' -tuvi) \a priv.; JâiTOf, indigenous in Europe andAsia. It is recom-
wettable] A genus of ferns the maiden-
.
;
mended in cardiac dropsy. Dose gr. ]/%—%
hair. A. capillus Veneris and A. pedatiim, (0.0075-0.015). Unof.
of N. America, are serviceable in coughs and Adonis aestivalis [ad-o'-nis es-tiv-a'-lis).
as demulcents. A plant much used in Italy as a cardiac tonic
ADRENAL AERTERIVERTER
Similar properties are possessed by ^. ver- Aerodynamics {a-er-o-di-natn'-ics) [rW/p,
nalis. Dose of lid. ext. TTjJ-ij (0.06-0. 13). air ; ()rra/iir, power]. The branch of phys-
A., Tinctura, dose ITLx-.xxx (0.65-2.0). ics that deals with gases in motion.
Adrenal [ad-ic'-nal^ \p-<-i, near to; reti, the Aerography {a-cr-og'-rafe)[ai/f), air; )pn</i//,
kidney]. I. Adjacent to the kidney. 2. a writing]. The description of the air and
The suprarenal capsule. its i|iialities.
Adrue [aJ-ru'-e). Antiemetic root. The Aerology [a-cr-oF -o-je) [aii(>, air; 7^6ynr,
root of C'r/'mts arti<'Htatus ; it is anthel- treatise]. The science of the air and its
mintic, aromatic, stomachic. Dose of the tld. qualities.
ext. gtt. xx-xxx (1.3-2.) Unof. Aerometer (a-er-om' -et-er)\a7ip, air; fihpw,
Advancement . {ad -vans' -iiient^ [Fr. a measure]. An instrument for ascertaining
avaiicer, to advance]. The act of bringing the density of gases.
or going forward. Specifically, an operation Aerophobia \a-er-o-fo' -be-ali) [/u/p, air;
to remedy strabismus, generally in conjunc- 0o/3()(;, fear]. Dread of a current of air.
tion with tenotomy, whereby the opposite Aerophone (a' -er-o-foti) air
[d^p, ; ûvrj,
tendon from the over-acting one, having been sound]. An instrument for increasing the
cut, is brought forward, so that, growing fast amplitude of sound-waves.
in a more advanced position, it shall have Aerophore {a'-er-ofor) \jii]p, air (popelv, ;
more power to act upon the globe of the to carry]. I. A

device for the inflation ot
eye. the lungs of a still-born child with air. 2.
Adventitia {ad-vcn-tish' -c-ah) \_adventitius, A breathing apparatus to be used by firemen
foreign]. The external coat of a blood- and others, to prevent the inhalation of nox-
vessel. ious gases.
Adynamia {ak-din-a' -me-ah) [n priv. 6v- ; Aeroplethysmograph {a-er-o-pleth-iz'-mo-
va/iig, power]. Deficiency or loss of vital graf) \jxi]p,
air ; tta/jOoc;, fulness ; yp(i(peiv, to
or muscular power ; prostration. write]. An apparatus for registering graph-
Adynamic [iih-din-am' -ik) [d priv. Svva- ; ically the expired air the latter raises a very
;
lîa;, power]. Pertaining to or characterized light and

carefully equipoised box placed
by adynamia. over water, and this moves a writing-style.
M-. See E-. Aeroscope {a' -er-o-skop) [d/)p, air; ciKo-fiv,
^gophony (e-goff'-o-ne). See Egophony. to observe]. An instrument for estimating
iEquator. See Equator. the purity of the air.
Aer {a'-er^. See Air. Aeroscopy {a-er-os' ko-pe)\_ai]p,7i\\ \ OKOTreiv,
Aerated {a' -er-a-ted) [a^p, the atmosphere]. to observe], The investigation of atmos-
Impregnated or charged with carbon dioxid pheric conditions.
or air. Aerostatics (a-ero-stat'-iks) [dr/p, air ;
rsja-
Aeration [a-er-a'-shtiii) \nijp., air]. The pro- TiKOq, standing]. The branch of ])hysics that
cess of supplying or charging with air or treats of the properties of gases at rest.
with some gas, such as carbon dioxid ; the Aerotherapeutics, Aerotherapy {a-e-ro-
state of being supplied with air or gas. ther-a-pu' -tiks, a-er-o-ther'-a-pe) [d?/p, air ;
Aerial {a-e'-re-al). Pertaining air; to the OepnnEveiv, to heal]. A mode of treating

conveyed by the air, as A. conduction of disease by compressed or rarefied air or by
sound waves. other gases.
Aeriform {a- e' -re-form) [avp, air; forma, Aerothorax {a-er-o-tho' -raks) ["///),
air ;
form]. air or gas.

Resembling the chest].
tltl)pai,
See F7ieuinotIiorax.
Aerobic [a-er-ob'-ik) l_a?}p, air; ft'o^, life]. Aerotonometer {a-er-o-ton-om' -eter') [dvp,
Requiring oxygen (air) in order to live. air ; T6v6r, tension ; /ihpov, measure]. An
A term applied to those bacteria requiring instrument for estimating the tension of gases
free oxygen. Those that do not grow in in the blood.
its
presence are called anaerobic. Between Aerourethroscopy {a-er-o-u-rc-thros' -ko-pf)
these extremes there are forms that are able air ovprfOpa, urethra ; aKOTze'iv, to
ex-
\arip, ;
to grow without oxygen under favorable amine]. Urethroscopy conjoined with infla-
conditions, though they make use of it when tion of the urethra with air.
present others that may grow in its pres-
; Aerteriversion {a-er-ter-iv-er' -slnni) [d//p,
ence, though flourishing best in its absence ; air; Tripkiv, to hold; vertere, to turn]. A
these are called respectively facultative aero- method of arresting hemorrhage by everting
bic or facultative anaerobic, in distinction the cut end of an artery, invaginaling the
from those first mentioned, which are called vessel in itself, and fixing the parts by a
obligatory aerobic or obligatory anaerobic. needle.
Aerobiotic [a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik) [«'/p, air; (Siurc- Aerteriverter [a-er-ter-iv-er' -ter^ ['"//'. »>«" ;
-An in-
KOf, pertaining to life]. Thriving only in the TTiphw, to hold vcrtere, to turn],
;
presence of air. strument used in performing aerttrivcrbion-

^RUGO AGARIC
yErugo [e-ru'-go) [L. , gen. yErnginis\. I. phanthus. A. Fever. Synonym of Dengue.
Rust of a metal. 2. Subacetate of copper. A. Gum, gum arable. A. Lethargy, or
IE,. Ferri, the subcarbonate of iron. IS.. Nelavan, a "sleeping sickness" affecting
Plumbi, lead carbonate, or subcarbonate. negroes of the West African coast. Increas-
.ffisculin [is'-ku-lin). See Esiiiliii. ing somnolence is the characteristic symptom.
.^sculus hippocastanum [cs'-l-ti-his hip-o- It is very fatal. Death from exhaustion
kas-ta'-niim) [L-]. Horse-chestnut. The follows in from three to six months.
fruit of the common "buckeye," or horse- Ah&v {af-ter) \_A. ^., after, ha.cV\. i. The
chestnut. It is recommended in hemorrhoids. aims. The buttocks. 2. Next in succession.
Dose gr. iij (0.20). Unof. A. -Action, the negative variation in an elec-
.^states {es-ta' -t'ez) [L.,//.]. Freckles, or tric current continuing for. a short time in
sunburn. a tetanized muscle. A. -Birth, the popular
.ffisthesio- {es-the'-ze-o).
For all com- designation of the placenta, cord, and mem-
pounds of this word see Esthesio-. branes. A. -Brain. See Ilindbrain and
.^sthesis (ês-the'-sis). See Esthesis. Metencephalon. A. - Cataract, Cataracta
iEsthesodic [es-the-sod^-ik). See Eslhesodic. Secundaria ; an opacity of the media of the
iEstival [es'-tiv-al'). See Estival. eye after operation for cataract due to opaci-
Êstivation [es-tiv-a' -shuti). See Estivation. fication of the capsule or to
non-absorp-
iEtas {c'-tas) [L.]. Age; a period of life. tion of the remains of the lens-substance.
See Age. A. -Hearing, a condition in which sounds
iEther {e'-ther). See Ether. are heard after the wave-mofion that pro-
iEthyl (eth'-il). See Ethyl. duces them has ceased. A.- 1 mages, con-
.(Etiology [e-te-ol'-o-je'). See Etiology. tinued retinal impressions after the stimulus
Afebrile [ah-feb'-ril') [a priv.; febiilis, fever- of the light or image has ceased to act.
ish]. Without fever. A positive after-image is a simple prolonga-
Affection {af-ek' -shun^ \_afficere, to affect]. tion of the sensation a negative after-itnage
;
Disease. is the
appearance of the image in comple-
Affective {af-ek^-tiz') [afficere, to affect]. mentary colors. A. -Pains. See Pains.
Exciting emotion. A. Faculties, the emo- A. -Perception, the perception of a sensa-
tions and propensities- -especially those pe- tion after the stimulus has passed away. A.-
culiar to man. A. Insanity, emotional or Sensation, a sensation lasting longer than
impulsive insanity. the stinmlus producing it. A. -Taste, a
Afferent [(if'-er-ent) [afferens, carrying to]. gustatory sensation ])roduced some time after
Carrying toward the center. Of 7ierves : the stimulus has been removed.
conveying impulses toward the central nerv- Agalactia yah-gal-ak'-te-ah) \ji priv.; yaka,
ous system; sensory, centripetal. Of blood- milk]. Failure of secretion of the milk after
vessels: those, as the arteries, conveying childbirth.
blood to the tissues. Of lymphatics : those Agar-agar {a'-gar-a'-gar) [Ceylon]. A
conveying lymph to a lymphatic gland. kind of glue made from certain sea-weeds,
Afferentia, or Vasa afferentia {z'a'-sah af- such as Gracilaria lichenoides and Gigar-
er-en'-shc-ah) [L.]. I. The lymphatic ves- ttna speciosa, used in medicine to make
sup-
sels. 2. Any vessels carrying blood or positories, and in bacteriologic studies in
lymph to an organ. the ]-)reparation of culture media.
Affiliation {af-il-e-a' -shiai) \ad, to filius, Agaric
;
(ag-ar'-ik). Touchwood; Spunk;
son]. In medical jurisprudence, the act of Tinder; the product of different species of
imputing or affixing the paternity of a child Boletus, a genus of mushrooms. Boletus
in order to jjrovide for its maintenance. lancis, Polyporus officinalis —
is the tvhite or
Affinity [a/-in'-it-e) [ajinis, akin to]. Re- purging agaric. Agaricin is an impure al-
lationship. Attraction. A., Chemic,
the coholic extract, which in doses of 1-3 grains
force, exerted at inappreciable distances, (0.065-0.19) [U. S. Dispensatory] gr. J.,- ^
that unites atoms of different substances.
(0.005-0.01) [Brunton] is valuable in the
A., Elective, the preference of one substance night-sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis.
for another.
Agaric or Agaricinic acid, in doses of gr.
Afflux {af'-lux) \_affluere, affltixus, to flow
tV"! (0.0038-0.02) is also useful in niglit-
toward]. The flow of the blood or other sweats. A., Ext. Dose gr. iij-vj (0.19-
liquid to a part. 0.39). A., Tinct. Dose tTLiij-xx (o. 19-1.3).
Affusion {af-u' -zhitn) \^nffund,:rc, to pour A. chirurgoruiii. Boletus chirurgorum. Sur-
upon] .The pouring of water upon an object, geon's Agaric, a parasitic fungus formerly
as upon the body in fever, to reduce used for Moxa. Soaked in solution of
temper-
ature and calm nervous A. tnus-
symptoms. potassium nitrate it forms spunk.
African {af'-rik-an) \Âfrica\ carius. Fly Agaric, a poisonous
Pertaining mushroom,
to Africa. A. Arrow poison. See Slro- contains an alkaloid, Muscarin. Dose of
AGAR I CI N AGRYPNOTI*.
the alkaloid gr. i^-ij (o.ooS-o. 13). Mtis- lus, a globule]. A decrease in the quantity
^ carin iVitrafc, used hypodermatically. Dose of red blood corpuscles.
gr. T^ff-| (0.0065-0.048). Aglossia {ahglos'-e-ah) [d priv. y'/xjcinn, the ;
Agaricin [ng-ar'-is-in)
[see Jlgaru'\, tongue]. Absence of the tongue.
^"u;JI:«i"5 if/>- +
-^ white crystalline sub-
Aglossus {ah-glos' -us) [d priv.; y/.Cxjcn, the
stance, the active principle of Agaricus tongue]. A
person without a tongue.
ainus. It has proved useful in the night
Agmatology {ag-mat-ol' -o-je) [djy/of, a frac-
sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose gr. ture A()yo<;,
;
discourse]. The science or
hV~tV (0.0032-0.0065). Unof. study of fractures.
Agaster (âh-gas'-ter-) [a priv. ; ynarr/p, the Agminate [ag'-min-at) [^;^/w«. a multitude].
stomach]. One without a stomach. -'Aggregated, clustered. A. Glands. See
Agastric [ak-gas^-tric) \ji priv. ; ynarijp, the Gland, Peyer's.
stomach]. Without an intestinal canal, as Agnail [ag'-nal) [A. S., angna-gl\ i.
the tape-worms. Hangnail. 2. A whitlow. 3. Acorn.
Agathin (at^^-ufh-in) [âyado^, good], Q.H^- Agnathia {ag-na'-the-ah) [d priv. ; yvaOoc, a
(()lI).CH.N.N.(CH,).CsH5. greenish- A jaw]. Absence or defective development of
white, crystalline substance, obtained by the the jaws.
interaction of salicylic aldehyd and alpha- Agnin A
[ag'-nin) [agnus, a lamb]. fatty
methyl-phenyl-hydrazin. It is used as an anti- substance derived from sheep's wool.
neuralgic in doses of eight grains (0.52) two Agomphious {a/i-gflm'-/e-us)[aY)Tiv.; yof/î6g,
or three times daily. Its action is cumula- a tooth]. Without teeth.
tive. Unof. Agomphosis [a/i-go/n-fo'-sis) [dpriv.; yn/H!>inr,
Agave [a-ga'-ve] [ayavy, noble]. large A a tooth]. I. Absence of the teeth. 2. A
genus of amaryllidaceous plants, natives of loosening of the teeth.
North America.
A. americana, American Agony {ag'-o-ne) [âyuvia, a contest or strug-
Aloe, the leaves of a plant growing in gle]. Violent pain e.vtreme anguish ; the
;
North America. It is diuretic and antisyjih- death-struggle.

ilitic. Dose of the fld. ext. ,^ ss-j (2.0-4.0). Agoraphobia {ag-o-ra-fo' -be-ah') a
\jiynph,
The fresh juice is also similarly emjiloyed. market-place, assembly; (pofior, fear]. A
The fermented juice, called pu/(/tie, is a morbid fear of open places or spaces.
moderately stimulant drink, very popular in Agrammatism {ah -gram' -at-izm) [d priv. ;
Mexico. Unof. ypdjuin, a word]. A phenomenon of aphasia,

Agenesia, Agenesis (ah-jen-e'-se -ah, consisting in the inability to form words gram-
ah-jen' -es-is^ \Ji priv.; ykveaiq, generation]. matically, or the suppression of certain words
Absent development. of a phrase a form of aphasia.
;
Agenosomus [ah-jen-o-so' -tuux) [d priv. ;

Agraphia [ah gra'-fe-ah) [d priv. ypa<j)eiv, ;
jfi'ivM', to
beget; ouua, body]. A variety to write]. Inability to express ideas by writ-
of single autositic monsters, of the species ing. In some cases not a single letter can be
Cf/:>so/ni7, in which there is a lateral or me- formed [A., Absolute or Literal) in others, ;
dian eventration occupying principally the letters are strung together in a manner re-
lower portion of the abdomen, while the sembling words, but without meaning [A.,
genital and urinary organs are either absent I'erbal).
or very rudimentary. Agraphia [ahgra'-fik) [d priv. ; ypn<f)eiv, to
Ageusia [ak-^q-it'-se-ah) [d priv.; yevaig, write]. Affected with agraphia.
taste]. Al)oIition of the sense of taste. Agria [ag'-re-ah) \_a}pio(:, wild]. .\
pustular
Agglomerate (ag-Icm' -cr-dt) \agglome7-are, eruption ; malignant ]iustule ;herpes.
to wind into a Grouped or clustered. Agrimony [ag'-rim-o-ne) \aypor, a field
ball].
Agglutinant {ag-lu'-fin-a7it) \_agglntinare, to povoQ, alone]. The root oi Agrimonia eupa
j
paste to]. See Agglutinative. toria, a mild astringent. Dose of fld. ext.
Agglutinate {ag-lu' -tin-ai) \_aggliitinare, to ;^ss-ij (2.0-8.0). Unof.
paste to]. To glue together ;
to unite by Agriothymia [ag-re-o-thi' -nie-ah) [«)'/>/«5f,
i
adhesion. wild ; (hfjor, mind. will]. Maniacal fury.
Agglutination {ag-Iutin-a' shtai) \_aggluti- Agrippa [ah-grip' -ah) [D.]. A person born
tiare, to glue to]. A joining together. with the feet foremost.
Agglutinative [ag-lu' tin-a-ti-c') '[agg/utiuair, Agromania [ag-ro-tna' -nr-a h) [d }/)(». a field ;
to glue ii]ônor to]. I. Favoring aggluti- paria, madness]. A mania for living in the
nation ; adhesive. 2. Any substance with country.
adiicsive properties, fitted to retain the edges Agrypnia [ahgri/<'-ne-ah) [d priv.; v-vor,
of wounds in apjiosition. sleep]. Loss of sleep, insonmia.
Aggregate vttvoc,
[ng' -re-gat) [a<f, to ; gregare, to Agrypnotic [ah-gri/>iiot'-ii:)[ii\tr\\.\
collect into a
flock]. (]rouped into a masj slee|)]. Preventing sleep.
I. 2. A medicine
Aglobulia [ah-glo-bn' -le-aJi) [d priv. ; glol)H that prcTcnts sleep.
AGUE AL
acute ; Fr., aigu'l volatile ammonia. A., Azotic, nitrogen.
Ague [a'-gu) {acutus, sharp,
.
Malarial or intermittent fever, characterized A. Bag. See A. Cushion. A, Bath,

by paroxysms, consisting of chill, fever, and therapeutic exposure to air which may be
sweating, at regularly recurring times,
and heated, condensed, or variously medicated.
followed by an interval or intermission the A. -bed, an air-tight, rubber mattress, in-
the epithets, flated with air, employed in conditions re-
length of which determines
In some cases there quiring long confinement to bed. A.-
quotidian, tertian, etc.
is a double paroxysm, and hence called double bladder. See A. -vesicle. A. -cell, an air-
quotidian, double tertian,
etc. The duration sac an air-vesicle of the lung.
; A., Comple-
of each paroxysm varies from two to twelve mental, the amount of air that can still be
hours. See Malarial Fever. A., Aden. See inhaled after an ordinary inspiration. A.
Dengue. A., Brass-founders', a disease Conduction, a method of testing the hear-
common among brass-founders, characterized ing-power by means of a watch held at
by symptom.s somewhat resembling an im- varying distances from the ear, or by the
perfect attack of intermittent fever, the re- employment of a number of tuning forks of
currence of the paroxysms, however, being varying pitch. A. -cure, the therapeutic
irregular. The direct cause is generally employment of air. A. -cushion, a cush-
thought to be the inhalation of the fumes of ion filled with air, and usually made of soft
deflagrating zinc or "spelter." A., Brow, india-rubber. A., Dephlogisticated, an
intermittent neuralgia of the brow. A. Cake, old name for oxygen. A. -douche, the
chronic enlargement of the spleen in diseases inflation of the middle ear through the nose.
of malarial origin. A., Catenating, ague A. -embolism, the entrance of free air into
associated with other diseases. A. Drop. the blood-vessels during life. A., Expired,
See Fozvler's So'iitkm. A., Dumb, latent that driven from the lungs in expiration.
ague ;
masked ague ; ague without well- A., Fixed, an old name for carbon dioxid.
marked chill, and with at most only partial A., Inspired, that taken into the lungs on
or slight periodicity. A., Latent. See A. , inspiration. A., Mephitic, carbon dioxid.
Dumb. A., Masked. S&e: A., Dumb. A. A. Passages, the nares, mouth, larynx,
Tree, common Sassafras. A. Weed. i. and bronchial tubes. A. -pump, an
trachea,
See Grindelia. 2. The Eupatorium perfo- apparatus for exhausting or compressing air.
liatum, or thorough -wort. A., Reserve or Supplemental, the air that
Ailanthus [a-lan' -thus) [Malacca, Ailanto, can still be exhaled after an ordinary expira-
" tree of heaven
"]. The bark of A. glan- tion. A., Residual, that remaining in the
dulosa, commonly known as Tree of Heaven. lungs after the most complete expiration jios-
Its properties are due to an oleoresin and a sible. A. -sac. See Air-vesicle. A., Sta-
volatile oil. It is a nauseant and drastic tionary, that remaining in the lungs during
purgative, and an excellent anthelmintic normal respiration. A., Supplemental. See
against tape-worm. A., Ext. Fid. Dose A., Reserve. A. -tester, an instrument for
Ti^x-jj (0.65-4.0). A., Tinct. Dose testing the purity of the air. A., Tidal,
Tt\^x-_:îj (0.65-8.0) that taken in and given out at each respira-
Ailment [M.E., eyle\
[al'-inent] dis- A tion. A. -vesicles, the alveoli of the lung,
ease ;
sickness
complaint.
; the ultimate division of the air-passages.
Ainhum {jn'-huni) [Negro word, meaning /o A., Vital, an old name for Oxygen.
S(ni''\.
A disease of Guinea and ilindostan, Akanthion [a-kan'-the-on). S,ê. Acanthion.
peculiar to negroes, in which the little toes Akatamathesia {ah-kat-am-ath-e'-ze-ah) [a
are slowly and spontaneously amputated at priv.; KaTauaOijatq, understanding]. Inabil-
about the digitoplantar fold. The process is ity to understand.
very slow, is
unaccompanied by any constitu- Akinesia, Akinesis [ah-kin-e'-sr-ah, ah-kin-
tional symptoms, and its cause is unknown. e'-sis) [d priv.; Kivr/aic, motion]. Absent
It sometimes attacks the great toe. or imperfect motion. A. Algera, an
Air \_aijp,
from a«i', to blow, or breathe]. The affection characterized by abstinence from
atmosphere. Atmospheric air consists of a voluntary movement on account of pain,
mixture of 77 parts by weight, or 79.19 by which any active muscular eftort causes.
volume, of nitrogen, and 23 parts by weight, The condition is probably a form of neu
or 20. Si by volume, of oxygen, with 3.7 to rasthenia.
6. 2
parts by volume of COj in 10,000 parts. It Akromegaly (nk-ro-meg^-a-le). See Aero
also contains traces of ammonia, argon, nitrites, megalia.
and organic matter. By virtue of its oxygen Al. I. The Arabic definite article, the, pre
it is able to sustain
respiration. loo cubic fixed to many words to designate pre-emi
inches weigh 30,935 grains. The pressure nence, etc., as alkali, alcohol. 2. A chemic
of the air at sea-level is about l\~^ jiounds suffixdenoting similarity to or derivation
upon the square inch. A., Alkaline, free or from an aldehyd, as chloral, butyral, etc.
ALA ALBUMINOSE
Ala [a'-Icih) [L. a wing: pL, Alir\
,
A Albugineous (al-bn-jin' -e-us) \albus, white].
wing. A. Auris, the pinna of the ear. A. Whitish.
cinerea, a triangular space of gray matter Albumen {al-bu'-moi) \albus, white]. The
in the fourth ventricle of the brain, proba- wliite of an egg. See Albumin.
bly giving origin to the pneumogastric Albumimeter [al-bu-mini'-et-er) [albumen ;
nerves. A. majores. I. The greater wings fierpoi', measure]. An instrument for the
of the sphenoid. 2. The external labia pu- quantitive estimation of albumin in urine.
dendi. A. minores. i. The lesser wings of Albumin ((il-bu'-min) \albus, wliite]. A
2. The labia minora pudendi.
the sphenoid. prolcid substance, the chief constituent of
A. Nasi, the lateral cartilage of the nose. the animal tissues. Its molecule is highly
A. parvae, the lesser wings of the sphenoid. complex. It is soluble in water and
coagu-
A. Pontis. See Ponticulas. A. Pulmo- lable by heat. It contains the
following
num, the lobes of the lung. A. of Sacrum, elements: Carbon 5 1. 5 to 54.5; hydrogen
the Hat triangular surface of bone extending 6.9 to 7.3; nitrogen 15.2 to 17. o; oxygen
outward from the base of the sacrum, sup- 20.9 to 23.5 sulphur 0.3 to 2.0.
; Its ap-
porting the psoas magnus muscle. A. Ves- proximate formula is C,.2H,,.^N,g02.^S. Al-
pertilionis, the broad ligament of the uterus. bumen, white of egg, often called albumin,
A. Vulvae, the labia of the pudendum. is largely composed of it. Other varieties
Alalia {al-a'-le-ah) \ji priv. 'hciMa, talk].
;
are called after their sources or characteristic
Impairment of articulation from paralysis of reactions, as acid-albumin, alkali-albumin,
the muscles of speech or from local laryn- muscle-, serum-, ovum-, vegetable-albumin,
geal disease. etc. A., Blood. See Serum-albuwin. A.,
Alantin [al-an'-thi). Same as Itiulin. Caseiform, that variety not coagulated by
Alanthol ((?/-(r«^-///('/), CôH,.,©. Inulol. An heat, but precipitated by acids. A., Circu-
aromatic liquid obtained from elecampane ; lating, that found in the fluids of the body.
used like creosote in pulmonary tuberculosis. A., Derived, a modiiication of albumin
Alar (a'-lar) \_ala, wing]. Winglike. A. resulting from the action of certain chemicals
Ligaments, lateral synovial folds of the lig- upon native albumin. A., Muscle-, a
ament of the knee-joint. A. Odontoid variety found in muscle-juice. A., Native,
Ligaments, lateral ligaments of the odon- any albumin normally in the
occurring
toid process. tissues. A., Organic, that forming an inte-
Alate (a'-ldt) [(//«, a wing]. Winged. gral part of the tissue. A., Serum-. See
Albedo {al-be'-do) [L., "whiteness"]. Serum- albumin. A., Vegetable, that found
Whiteness. A. retinae, retinal edema. A. in various vegetable juices.
unguis, tlie lunula of the nail. Albuminate (al-bu'-min-dt) \âlbus, white].

Albescent {al-bes'-cnt) \_albcscere,
to become A compound of albumin and certain bases,
Whitish. as albuminate of iron.
white].
Albicans {al'-hc-kanz) \albicare, to grow Albuminiferous (al-bu-minif -er-us) [albu-
white]. Wliite ; whitish. min ; ferre, to bear]. Yielding albumin.
Albicantia {al-be-kan' -she-aJi) [L.]. Plural Albuminimeter [al-bu-min-im' -et-er). See
of Albicans. Alhumimcler.
{al bu min en
- - -
Albinism, Albinismus [aF-bin-izm, al- Albuminogenous -
oj'- us)
bin-i'J -miis) to produce]. Producing
\_albiis, white]. Congenital [albumin; jti'j'Hi',
Achroma : Congenital Leukoderma. That albumin.

condition of the skin in which there is a Albuminoid [albu^- min-oid)
[albumin:
I. Resembling albumin.
congenital absence of pigment involving its fiVV, form].
entire surface, including the hair and the Applied to certain compounds having many
choroid coats and irides of the eyes. It is of the characteristics of albumin. 2. Any
nitrogenous principle of the class of

which
usually associated with nystagmus, photo-
phobia, and astigmatism.
normal albumin may be regarded as the type.
Albino [al-bi'-no) [Sp.].
A person affected A. Disease. See Amyloid Degeneration.
with alpinism. Album inometer See
[al-hu-min-om'-el-cr).
Albinotic Aff«?cted Alhuiiiimeter.
{al-bin-ot'-ik) [Sp.].
with albinism. Albuminone {al-bu'-minon') [albumin^
Albolene {al'-bo-lai) [albiis,
white ; oletun, A principle derived from certain allmmi-
A hydrocarbon oil, colorless, tasteless, noids; it soluble in alcohol, and is not
is
oil].
odorless, used as an application to inflamed coatûlable by heat.
surfaces. Albuminorrliea {al-bu-min-or-e'-ali) [albu-
Albuginea (al-bit-jin' -e-ah) \_albus, white].
min ; f)oia, a tlow]. Excessive discharge of
White, or whitish. A. oculi, the sclerotic albumins.
coat of the eye. A. ovarii, and testis, the Albuminose {al-bu'-min os) [albumin'].
I.
A nf (ibrin .>r auv

tunica albuginea of the ovary and testicle. product of the digestion
ALBUMINOUS ALCOHOLATURE
albuminoid in very dilute hydrochloric acid ;
albuminoid substance ranking among the first |
^
acid albumin. 2. AIi)umose, or one of the products of the splitting up of proteids by
products of the digestion of
albumin by the enzymes, and intermediate between the food- v
gastric juice.
albumins and the typical peptones. Accord-
Albuminous [(il-lni'-vtiii-iis) \_albitiiiin'\. ing to Kiihne there are at least two albu-
Containing, or of the nature of, albumin. moses, a)itialhiii)iose and hcinialbumose. The
Albuminuria [al-lni-min-u'-rc-ah) [alhc- latter yields the following Protalbiimosf,
:
iiiin : orpor, urine]. The presence in the deutcroalbitmose, hcteroalbninose, and dysal-
urine of albumin, usually serum-albumin. biiinose.
Alliumin inthe urine may result from disease Albumosuria [al-bii-nios-n^-fc-a/i) \_albii-
of the kidneys or from the admi.xture of mose ; ov/wv, urine]. The presence of al-
blood or pus to the urine. Its presence is bumose in the urine.

sometimes not accounted for by either of Alchemy [al'-kem-e) [Arab., of doubtful
these causes. See A., Cvc/ic-. A. of Ado- derivation]. The supposed art of the trans-
lescence. See A., Cyclic. A. Adventi- mutation of metals (into gold) and of finding
tious. See A., Pseiido-. A. Cardiac, that a remedy for all diseases.
due to chronic valvular disease. A. Cyclic, Alcohol [al'-ko-/nd) [Arab., nl-koh' I, the fine
a condition also known as physiologic, powder for staining eyelids]. I. Any com-
simple, functional, or transient albuminuria, pound of an organic hydrocarbon radicle
or the albuminuria of adolescence, in which with hydroxyl. Alcohols are classed as
a small quantity of albumin appears in the niojiacid (monatomic), diacid (diatomic), and
urine, especially of the young, at stated triacid (triatomic), according to the number
times of the day; hence the term
" of hydroxyl radicles present in the mole-
cyclic'
The nature of this phenomenon is not posi- cules. 2. Ethyl alcohol, QH|;0. A liquid
tively known, but it is probably the result obtained by the distillation of fermented
of some changes in the renal circulation. grain or starchy substance. It is inflamma-
A., Dietetic, that due to the ingestion of ble, colorless, and possesses a pungent odor
certain forms of food. A., False, a mix- and burning taste. Internally, it is a cerebral
ture of albumin with the urine during its excitantand cardiac stimulant ;
doses
in large
transit through the urinary passages, where a depressant, narcotic poison, producing mus-
it
may be derived from blood, pus, or spe- cular incoordination, delirium, and coma.
cial secretions that contain albumin. A., It exists in wine, whisky, brandy, beer,
Febrile, that due to fever, or associated etc., and gives to them their stimulant prop-
with acute infectious diseases, slight changes erties. Commercial alcrihol contains 91
occurring in the glomeruli without organic per cent, of absolute alcohol, with 9 per
lesion. A., Functional. See A., Cyclic. cent, of water. It is valuable as a cardiac
A., Gouty, albumin in the urine of elderly stimulant in acute failure of the heart's action
persons, wlio secrete a rather dense urine and in adynamic conditions. A., Benzyl,
containing an excess of urea. A., Intrin- C^l lj,0, obtained from benzaldehyd by the
sic. See A., Trjtc. A., Mixed, the pres- action of sodium amalgam. A. deodora-
ence of a true with a pseudo albuminuria. tum, deodorized alcohol, containing 92.5 per
A., Nephrogenous, that due to renal dis- cent, by weight of ethyl alcohol and 7.5 per
ease. A., Neurotic, that due to nervous cent, of water. A., Dilute, composed of 41
disorders. A., Paroxysmal. See A., per cent., by weight, of alcohol. A., Ethyl.
Cyclic. A., Physiologic, the presence of See Alcohol.A., Methyl, CIIÔ commonly
albumin in normal urine, without appreci- known as "Wood
Spirit." A.. Phenic,
able coexisting renal lesion or diseased See Acid, Carbolic. A., Primary, A.,
condition of the system. A., Pseudo-, A., Secondary, A., Tertiary, an alcohol pro-
Adventitious ; albuminuria dependent upon duced by the replacement of one, two, or
the presence of such fluids as blood, pus, three hydrogen atoms in carbinol by alkyls.
lymph, spermatic fluid, or the contents of an A., Unsaturated, those derived from the
abscess cavity, in the urine. A., Simple. unsaturated alkylens in the same manner as
See A., Cyclic. A., Temporary, that last- the normal alcohols are obtained from their
ing but for a short time. A., Transient. hydrocarbons. In addition to the general
See A., Cyclic. A., True, A., Intrinsic; character of alcohols, they are al.so capable
that due to the excretion of a portion of the of directly binding two additional affinities.
albuminous constituents of the blood with Alcoholate (nl'-ko-holat) [see Alco/ioll. I. b
'
the water and salts of the urine. A chemic compound, as a salt, into which an
Albuminuric [al-hn-initt-n^-rik) \alhuniin ; alcohol enters as a definite constituent. 2. A
urine].
ol'piii', Associated with, of the preparation made with alcohol.
nature of, or affected by, albuminuria. Alcoholature {nF-ko-/iol-af-clitir) [
Fr. al-
Albumose (cil'-bu-mos) \(ilbiiniiu\ Any coolaturc'^. An alcoholic tincture.
ALCOHOLIC RADICLE ALGESTHESr?
Alcoholic Radicle, tlie name applied to Aleppo Button, Evil, Pustule, or
Boil,
the hydrocarhon radicle that unites with Ulcer. Sec J-'mtincu/us orientalis.
hydrogen and oxygen to form an alcohol. Aletris {al'-et-ris). Star Grass, Unicom
Alcoholica (îil-ko-liol' -ik-ah) [see Alcohol^ Root, Starwort, Colic Root. The root of A.
In pharmacy, alcoholic preparations. farinosa. is tonic, diuretic, and anthel-
It
Alcoholimeter {âl-ko-hol-ini'-it-er). See A/- mintic, and was formerly a popular domestic
coholonuit'r. remedy in colic, dropsy, and chronic rheuma-
Alcoholism {aF -ko-hol-isni) [see Alcohol\ tism. Dose of tid. ext. rt\,x-xxx (0.65-2.0) ;
The morbid results of excessive or prolonged of tincture (l in 8 proof spirit)

î-ij (4.0-
use of alcoholic licjuors. The term acute A. 8.0); of aletrin, the extractive, gr. %-\\
has I'cen used as a synonym for inebriety. (0.016-0.26). A. Cordial. Dose ^j (4.0)
I'hc chronic form is associated with severe three times daily. Unof.
disturbances of the digestive and nervous Aleukemia {ah-lii ke'-me-ah) \li priv.; ?fmdf,
systems. white ;
blood].
alfLa, Deficiency in the pro-
Alcoholization [al ko-hol-iz-a' -shuii) [see portion of white cells in the blood.
Alioliol\ The art or process of alcoholizing ; Aleurometer (al-u-rom'-el-er) [a/fiy-or,
the state of being alcoholized ;
the [M-oduct flour ;furpov, a measure]. An instrument
of the process of alcoholizing. used examination of crude gluten as
for the
Alcoholize (^/'-/'('-/^(V/c) \%ee Alcohol^. I. to its power of distending under the influence
To impregnate with alcohol. 2. To convert of heat, as a means of judging of the value
into an alcohol. of a flour for bread-making.
Alcoholometer {al-ko-hol-oni' -ct-cr^ \âlcohol ; Aleuronat {al-u' -ro-nat) [«?.f^y)oi', flour].
/[itTpov,ameasure]. An hydrometer or other A vegetalile albumin used as a substitute for
instrument used in determining the percent- bread in cases of diabetes.
age of alcohol in anylicjuid. Aleuroscope {al-u'-ro-skof) [n/.«^/)or, flour;
Alcoholophilia (al-ko-liol o-fiF -e-ah') \_alco- Giidwav, to view]. See A!eiironiete7\
hol ; (fxAeea', to love ]. The
appetite for Alexanderism {al-eks-an' -der-iztii) [A/exan-
strong drink ;
a craving for intoxicants. der, the Macedonian King]. The insanity
Aldehyd {al' -de-hld) [^?/, the first syllable of of conquest.
alcohol; deli-yd, from dr/iydratns'\. I. A Alexia {al-eks'-c-a}i) \a priv.; I'iS.iq, word].
class of compounds intermediate between al- Word blindness. A
fonn of aphasia, in
cohols and acids, derived from their corre- which the patient is unable to recognize
sponding primary alcohols by the oxidation written or printed characters. A., Musical,
and removal of two atoms of hydrogen, and musical blindness; loss of the ability to read
converted into acids by the addition of an music.
atom of oxygen. They contain the group Alexin [al-eks'-ijt') [o/ff/r, hclji]. defen- A
COH. 2. QHiO. Alcohol deprived of two sive proteid existing normally in the blood.
atoms of hydrogen, or acetic aldehyd. It is a Alexipharmac, or Alexipharmic [al-cks-e-
colorless, limpid liquid, with a characteristic far'-mak, or ->?iik) [liAtitiv, to repel ; (pdfnt-
odor. A., Anisic, CglljÔ.^, results on oxidiz- aKov, a poison]. A medicine neutralizing a
ing various essential oils (anise, fennel, etc.,) poison.
with dilute HNO3. A., Benzoic, C,II/). Alexipharmacon {al-eks
- e -far' - mak -
on)
Boizaldchvd, the oil of bitter almonds. A., [(l/ifi-f/r,
to repel ; 0a/)/m«o)i, a poison]. Any
Cinnamic, CgllÔ, the chief ingredient of the alexipharmac medicine.
essential oil of cinnamon and cassia. A., Algae {al'-je) \^nli;a^ a seaweed]. A group of
Formic, CI !./_), Formaldchyd, is said to be acotyledonous plants, living mostly in the
microliicidal and antiseptic. See Formal- water.
dehyd. Algaroth [al'-'âr-oth') [It., Algarolli, the
Ale (ff/) [A. S. , eaho'\. Analcoholic bever- Veronese jihysician]. Oxychlorid of antimony.
age brewed from malt and hops. It con- Algesia [al-je'-ze-ah) \h7.y)iaiq, pain]. I'ain ;
tainsfrom three to seven per cent, of al- suffering.

cohol. Algesimeter [a/-jes-i»d-c/-er) [('i/j ^/rr/f, pain ;
Alecithal [ah-les'-ith-al') [« priv.; IzKiOf^c,, litrpov, a measure]. An instrument for de-
yolU]. A term applied to certain ova having termining the acutencss of the sense of pain.
the food-yolk absent, or present only in very A., Boas', an instrument consisting of a pad
small quantity. and .sjiring, used to determine the relative
Alembic [al-oii'-l'ik) [;\rab., a/, the a/ipiS, ;
sensitiveness over the epigastrium. The
a cu]i]. A
vessel used for distillation. normal tolerance is 9 to 10 kilograms.
Alembroth {al-cni'-hroth^ [origin unknown]. In cases of gastric ulcer, I to 2 kilograms.
An old name for a compound of the chlorid Algesthesis, or Algsesthesis {,t/-jrs-f/i,'-m)
of ammonium and mercury. solution 'ihc percep-
Its [(';/} or, pain; mnlh/nic. feeling],
has been used as an antiseptic. tion of [)ain ;
painful disease.
ALIMENTARY ALIMENTARY
Salivary Gtantf
LacttaU
Large
Jnttsliiii
Vermiform Appendix.
General Scheme of the Digestive Tract, with the Glands Opening: into It with the Lacteals
Arising from the Intestine and Joining tlie Thoracic Duct.
—Together
;
{Landois.)
ALGID ALKALOID
Algid [(iF-jid) [a/i^'-ii/i/s, cold]. Cold, chilly. stopped altogether. It is better to have the
A. Fever, a pernicious intermittent fever, mixture too cold than too hot. If alcohol is
with great coldness of the surface of tlie body. to be given it should be added at the last mo-
A. Cholera, the cold stage of Asiatic cholera. ment. Eggs may also be added, Ijut should be
Algometer ( al-gom'-et-er ) pain previously well beaten." 4. Pcaslce s Form-
a measure].
jutrpoi/,
\_aXyoq,
An instrument for test-
;
ula. — " Crush or

grind a |)ound of beef-mus-
ing the sensibility of a part to pain. cle fine then add one pint of cold water
; ;
Algor (al'-gor) [L.]- sense of chillinessA allow it to macerate 40 minutes, and then
or coldness. gradually raise it to the boiling point; allow
Alible nutritive]. Nutri- it to boil two —
minutes no more and then —
tive ;
{al'-i-hl) \_alibilis,
absorbable and assimilable. strain." 5. Flinf s Mixture.
—
"Milk ^^ ij,
Alienation [al yen a' shun) whisky ^^ss, to which add half an egg."
- - -
\alienus,
strange]. Mental derangement. Alinasal [al-in-a' -sal) \_ala, a wing nasus., ;
Alienist {al' -yen-ist) \_alicnus, strange]. One the nose]. Pertaining to the ala nasi, or
who treats mental diseases. wing of the nose.
Aliform [al'-if-orm) \_ala, wing; fonua, Alisphenoid [al-is-fe'-noid) \ala, a wing;
shape]. Wing-shaped. A. Process, the (T(^//i', a wedge f«5or, form],
; i.
Pertaining
wing of the sphenoid. to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
Aliment (al' -itn-ent) \_alimentuin, from ali- 2. The bone that in adult life forms the
nu-ntare, to nourish]. Nourishment, food. main portion of the greater wing of the sphe-
Alimentary (al iin
- -
en' - ta - re) \_ali/nentinn , noid.
from aliine)itare, to
nourish]. Nourishing. Alkalescence {al-ka-les' -ens) [Arab., al-ijali,
A. Bolus, the food after mastication and just soda-ash]. Slight or commencing alkalinity.
prior to swallowing. A. Canal, Duct, Sys- Alkalescent [al-ka-les' -enl) [Arab., al-qali,
tem, or Tiibe, the digestive tube, from the soda-ash]. Somewhat alkaline.
lips to the anus, with its accessory glands. Alkali {al'-ka-li) [Arab., al-qali, soda-ash].
Alimentation (al-im-en-ta' -shun) \_alimen- The term includes the hydrated oxids of
tar,-, to nourish]. The act of supplying with the alkali metals these are electro-positive,
;
food. A., Rectal, the nourishing of a pa- are strong bases, uniting with acids to form
tient by the administration of small quantities salts, turn red litmus blue, and saponify fats.
of concentrated food through the rectum. A., Caustic, the solid hydroxid of potassium
There are many formulas for these nutritive or sodium. A., Fixed, potassium or sodium
enemata, the most important of which are the hydrate. A. Metals, sodium, potassium,
following: I. Leiihe'' s Pancreatic-incat Emul- lithium, cesium, and rul)i<lium. A., Volatile,
sion. —" For rectal alimentation
chop five : ammonium hydrate, which is decomposed by
ounces of finely-scraped meat still finer, add heat with the evolution of ammonia.
to it one and a half ounces of finely-chopped Alkali-albumin [al' -ka-li-al-bu' -min). A de-
pancreas, free from fat, and then three ounces rived albumin; a proteid that has been acted
of lukewarm water stir to the consistence of
; upon by dilute alkalies and yields an alkaline
a thick pulp. Give at one time, care being reaction.
taken to wash out the rectum with water Alkalimeter [ al-ka-lim'-et-er) \_alkali ;
" An
instrument for
about an hour before. 2. May et^ s Formula. a measure].
— "Fresh ox- pancreas 150 to 200 grams;
fjeTpov,
estimating the alkali in a substance.
lean meat 400 to 500 grams. Bruise the pan- Alkalimetry ( al-ka-lim' -et-re ) [ alkali ;
creas in a mortar with water at a temperature f-drpov, a measure]. The measurement of
of 37° C. and strain through a cloth.
, Chop the amount of an alkali in a substance.
the meat and mix thoroughly with the strained Alkaline [al'-ka-lin) {alkali}. Having the
lluid, after separating all the fat and tendinous qualities of or pertaining to
an alkali. A.
portions. Add the yolk of one egg, let stand Earths, the oxids of calcium, barium, stron-
for two hours, and administer at the same tium, and magnesium.
temperature, after having cleansed the rec- Alkalinity [al-ka-lin'-i-te) \âlkali\ The
tum with an injection of oil. This quantity quality of being alkaline.
is sufficient for 24 hours' nourishment, and Alkalinuria ( al-ka-lin-u'-re-ah) [alkali ;
should be administered in two doses." Alkalinity of the urine.

Rennie' s Formula. —
" Add to a bowl of
3.
good
ovpov, urine].
Alkalization [al-ka-li-za'-shun) [alkali}.
beef-tea one-half pound of lean raw beefsteak ,
The act of rendering a thing alkaline; the
pulled into shreds. At 99° F. add one state or quality of being rendered alkaline.
dram of like-
fresh pepsin and one-half dram Alkaloid {al''-ka-loicl)[alkali ai'ior,
;
of dilute nCl. Place the mixture before the ness]. Any one of the nitrogoneous com-
fireand let it remain for four hours, stirring in plants and resembling
pounds occurring
frequently. The heat must not be too great, ammonia in being basic and capable of
or the artificial digestive process will be forming salts with acids. They are believed
ALKANET ALLOTRIODONTIA
to be substituted ammonias. Several of hypoblastic layers. Its function is to convey
the important alkaloids are related to the blood-vessels to the chorion. The lower
piperidin and to ([uinolin.
Alkaloids are, part finally becomes the bladder, the upper,
as a rule, the most active parts of the urachus.
plants many are used in medicine. A.,
;
AUantotoxicon [al-an-to-toks' -ik-on) [f'(//af ,a
Animal, substances chemically like alka- sausage ;
a poison].
toîkcw. A poisonous
loids, formed in tlie dec(Mnposilion of animal substance, probably a ptomain, that develops
tissues. A., Cadaveric, or Putrefactive. during the putrefactive fermentation of sau-
See Ptomains. sage.
Alkanet [al^-kan-et) [ Sp. dim. of nlcana,,
AUesthesia [al-cs-the'-se-ah) [il/iôf , other ;
henna]. The root of the herb, Alkanna cuGth/CLi;, feeling]. Sameas A //oirkiria.
[Aiiihnsa) tiiic/oria, yielding a red dye that Alleviator {al-c' -ve-a-tor^ \allevare, to
is used in staining wood, coloring adulterated lighten]. A
device for raising or lifting a
wines, and in pharmacy to give a red color sick ]-)erson from the bed.
to salves, etc. Alliaceous [al-r-a'-skiis)
[a/liii/ii, garlic].
Alkanna Red. See Alkannin. Resembling garlic, or pertaining to the same.
Alkannin [nF -kan-iii) [Sp., dim. of alcana, Alliteration [al it-cr-a'-shiai) \ad, to ; litera,
henna]. Alkanna red; a valuable coloring letter], A
form of dysphrasia in which the
matter ol)tained from alkanet. patient arranges his words according to the
Alkapton [al-kap'-toii) a yellowish, resinous, sound.
nitrogenous body occasionally found in urine. Allium {al' -c-tint) [I^. ]. Garlic. The bulb
Alkaptonuria [al-kap-ton-u' -re-ak) \_a//ca/>- of .'/. contains a pungent volatile
salivuni. It
toii; urpor, urine]. The presence of alkapton oil (allyl sulphid), that is found also in the
in the urine. It has been found in cases of leek and the onion. The tubers are used
pulmonarv tulierculosis and in other instances both as a food and as a condiment, and are
in which there were no local lesions or general stimulants to digestion. A. cepa, the
disease. Urine containing alkapton turns common onion, and A. porrum, the leek,
dark on standing or on the addition of an have similar qualities. A., Syr., contains,
alkali. fresh garlic 20 gm., sugar 80 gm., dil. acetic
Alkarsin [al-/;ar'-siii) \_alrohol :
arsenic^. acid, a sufficient quantity to make lOO c.c.
Cadet's Fuming Liquid an extremely poison-
;
Dose ."j-.îv (4.0-16.0).
ous liquid containing cacodyl. It is of a Allocheiria, or Allochiria [al-o-ki' -rc-ah')
brown color, and on exposure to the air ignites [d/,/of, other; X^'Pi hand].
A peculiar dis-
spontaneously. turbance of sensation in which, if one ex-
Alkyls (al'-kilz) \alkaH'\. The name ap- tremity be pricked, the patient locates the
plied to the univalent alcohol radicles, sensation in the corresponding part on the
C„ll.,n_|_, ; methyl, ethyl, etc., are alkyls. other side.
Alkyl-sulphids ( al' -kil-sul' -fids ). Thio- Allochesthesia, Allochaesthesia [al-ok es-
ethers. the ethers.

Sulphur analogues of iJit' ~zr-aJi). Same as Alltiihiria.
They are colorless liquids, generally insoluble Allolalia [al-o-la' -le-a}i) [ii/^/lof,
other lalfiv,
;
in water, and possessing a disagreeable odor to speak]. Any perversion of the faculty of
resembling that of garlic. S]>eech.
Allantiasis [al-an-ti'-as-is) [az/ar, a sausage]. Allopathy f;?/-^/^-^-///!^) [u/ /or, other ; TraOor,
Sausage poisoning, due to the ingestion of atTection]. According to Hahnemann, the in-
sausages in which putrefactive changes have ventor of the term, that method of the treat
taken place. ment of disease consisting in the use of medi
Allantoic {a/an-fn'-ik) [ii/JIir, a sausage ; cines the action of which upon the body in
eitinr, resemblance]. Pertaining to the al- health produces morbid jjhenomena different
lantois. from those of the disease treated. Opposed
Allantoid ( al-an'-toid) [ o/mq, sausage ;
to homeopathy.
i. Resembling a sau- Allorrhythmia [al-o-rilh' -vtc-ah')
elfSof,resemblance], [a/Pioc,
sage. 2. Relating to the allantois. other; 'p}Siî6r, rhythm]. Variation in inter-
Allantoin [al-an'-to-in) \Ji7j~fir, a sausage ;
vals of the pulse.
ffAor, resemblance], C^H,;N,<)o. A crys- Allotoxin (al-o-foks'-in) \_u7Jnc, other ; toî-
talline substance occurring in traces in nor- Ki')v, Any
substance, produced by
poison].
mal urine, and prepared tVoni uric acid by tissue metamorphosis within the organism,
oxidation. Also the characteristic constitu- that tends to shield the body liy destroying
ent of the allantoic fluid, and likewise found microorganisms or toxins that are inimical to
in fetal urine and amniotic lluid. it.
Allantois (a/-a>i'-/o-is) [fi/./ar, a sausage ;

AUotriodontia [al-ot-rt'-o-don'-shc-ah^ [(///(5-
shôr,resemblance] One of the fetal mem- strange
T/j«";, <V5oi''(;, tooth].
;
I. The trans-
branes, derived from the mcsoblastic and planting of teeth from one person to another.
ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA ALOERETIN
2. The exist<mce of teeth in abnormal situa- obtained from both the sweet and the bittei
tions, as in tumors. almond. It is odorless, agreeable to the
Allotriogeustia {<i/-ot-re-o-î;us'-ld-(i/i) [_(Yaa6- taste, and of a yellow color; sp. gr.
.919
T/voi;, strans^je ; }f(;(T/r, taste]. Perversion of at 15° C. A. Oil, Bitter, oleum amygdal.u
the sense of taste abnormality of the appe- amane. See Amygdala. A. Paste, a
;
magma
tite. of bitter almonds, alcohol, white of
egg, and
Allotriophagy {al-ol-re-off' -a-je) {jiXkoTfuor, rose-water, used to soften the skin and i;re-
(paydv, to eat].
str.iiii^je ; Depraved or un- venl the hands and lips from
chapping. A.
natural appetite. of the Throat, the tonsil.
Allotropic (al-o-trop' -ic) \_hAKoq, different ; Alnus {aF-7ius) [L.]. Alder liark. The
r/xi-or, turn]. Characterized by allotrop- bark of the American Alder. A. serridalu,
ism. contains tannic acid. The decoction of bark
A.llotropism [al-ot^-ro-pizi/i) [a/Jioq, other ; and leaves is astringent, and used as a
Tjtu-oc, turn]. I. The terra expresses the gargle and as a lotion for wounds and ulcers.
fact of certainelements existing in two or Dose of powdered bark gr. x (0.65).
more conditions with differences of physical Alochia {^cih-lo'-ke-ah) [a priv.; /o^â, the
properties. Thus carbon illustrates allotro-
lochia]. Absence of the lochia.
pism by existing in the fonns of charcoal, Aloe {al'-o) {akuri, the aloe]. The insi)is-
plumbago, and the diamond. 2. Appear- sated juice of several species of aloe, of
ance in an unusual or abnonnal form. which the A. socolrina, A. bai-badetisis, and
Alloxan [al-oks'-ati) \alla)iloiii ; oxalic~\, .'/.
capensis are most commonly used. Its
C^H2N.Ô^. A crystalline substance pro- properties are due to a glucosid, aloin,
duced by the oxidation of uric acid. C'l-HjÔy. It is a tonic
astringent, useful in
Alloxantin {al-oks-an'-tin') \_allantoin ; ox- amenorrhea, chronic constipation, and atonic
(///(], C^H^N/)- substance ob-
-f jH.Ô. A dyspepsia. It is also an enmienagogue and
tained by reducing alloxan with SnCl.,, zinc, anthelmintic. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32).
and HCl, or H^S in the cold. It occurs in A. americana. See Agave. A., Decoct.,
small, hard, colorless prisms that turn red Comp.(B. P.). Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032-0. 13).
when treated with ammonia. A., Enema (B. P.), aloes, carbonate of po-
Alloy (al-oi') [from the French word aloi, a tassium, and mucilage of starch. A. et Asa-
contraction of J /« /c/]. I. A
compound of fcetidae, Pil., aloes and asafetida aa gr. i '3
two or more metals by fusion. 2. The least (o. i). A. et Canellae, Pulv., contains
valuable of two or more metals that are fused
powdered bark of Canella alba. Dose gr.
together. v-xx (0.32-1.3). A. et Ferri, Pil., cont;Mns
Allspice {azol'-spis). See Piiiwitfa, and gr. each of aloes, ferrous sul|)hate, and aro-
j
Florida Allspice. matic powder, incorporated with confection
Ally! {_allium, garlick], C,II-.
{al'-il) A uni- of roses. A. et Mastich, Pil., " Lady
valent alcohol radicle. A. Alcohol, C,H-- Webster's" pill, contains aloes gr. ij (0.13),
H(J, a colorless, inllammable liquid, with mastich and red rose gr. ss (0.032). A.
pungent odor, boiling at 97° C. A. Alde- et Myrrh., Pil., contains each aloes gr.
hyd, C3H^(3, asyn. oi Acrolein. A. Cyanid. ij (0.13), myrrh gr. j (0.065), aromatic pow-
See Siiianiin. A. Mustard Oil, CS.N.C,- der gr. ss (0.032), mixed with syru]i. A. et
H-, Allyl thiocarbimid. The prii3ci[)al con- Myrrh., Tinct., aloes 10, myrrh 10, alcohol
stituent of ordinary mustard oil. A. sulphid, 100 parts. Dose .:^ss-,:5;ij (2.0-8.0). A.,
(C.jlI.).,S, the essential oil of garlic. A. Ext., Aquosum, prepared by mixing aloes
thiocarbimid. See A. Mustard Oil. A. I
]iart with lo parts boiling water, straining
tribromid, CgH^Brg, a colorless liquid used and evaporating. Dose gr. ss—v (0.032-
as an antispasmodic. Dose, five A., Hepatic, dark liver-colored
drops 0.32).
(0.15). Unof. aloes, mostly Socotrine or Bariiadian. A.,
AUylamin {al-il' -ain-iii) \_allii(iii, garlick ; Pil., and soap aa gr. ij (o. 13). A.
aloes
a-iiinonia'\ ,
'NH..^{C.^H^). Ammonia in which Purificata, the common drug purified by
a hydrogen atom is
replaced by ally!. It is solution in alcohol and evaporation. I)ose
a caustic liquid. gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). A. Socotrin.. Pil.
Almond [am'-und^ [ME., abuonde\ See (B. P.), contains socotrine aloes, hanl soap,
Amygdala. A. Bread, a variety of bread oil of nutmeg, and confection of roses. Dose
made from almond flour, for use in diabetes gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). A., Tinct., consists of
as a substitute for ordinary bread. A. -eyed, aloes 10, glycyrrhiza 10, dil. alcohol loo
applied to the Mongolian race on account of parts. Dose ;^ss-,:5ij (2.0-8.0) A., Vin.,
the peculiar ellii)tical form and slanting has aloes 6, cardamon i, ginger I, white
position of the eyes. A. of the Ear, the wine 100 parts. Dose ;:;j-;:;iv (4.0-1(1.0).
tonsil. A. Mixture. See Am}\^daLc Mis- Aloeretin [al-o-e-rc^-/iii) [d/ii//,
aloes ; /i/yr-
tura, A. Oil, oleum amygdalae, the tixed oil u't/, resin]. A brown resin contained in aloes.
ALGETIC ALUM
Aloetic {(il-o-et'-ik) \!x7Mri, the aloe].
Con- Alphosis {al-fo'-sis) [a/.(p6c, vitiligo]. Al-
taining or pertaining to aloes. binism ; leukoderma.
Aloetin ((?/-('-£"' /w). i. Aloeretin. 2. yel- A Alpinia [al-pin'-e-ah) [Alpinus, an Italian
low crystalline principle obtainable from aloes. botanist of the sixteenth century]. A genus of
Aloin [aF-o-in) \iu.wi, the aloe]. bitter A zingiberaceous tropical plants. A. officina-
principle found in aloes. It forms fine rurn, A. chinensis, and other species furnish
needles, possesses a very bitter taste, and acts Galangal.
as a strong purgative. Several glucosids of Alsace Gum [al-sas'-guni). See Dextrin.
this name are described ; as Barbaloin, Alstonidin [al-ston' -id-i7i) \_Alston, a Scotch
Nalaloin, Za7ialom, Socaloin. Dose gr. ss- botanist]. An amorphous substance con-
ij (0.032-0.13). tained in a variety of Dita bark.
Alopecia {al-o-pe'-she-ah^ [a/fci-^^, a fox]. Alstonin [al-sto' -nin') [Âlston, a Scotch
may be I. An
Deficiency of hair ;
baldness. It botanist]. amorphous substance con-
universal or partial, congenital or acquired. tained in a variety of Dita Lark. 2. A
It follows a large number of systemic affec- crystalline alkaloid, C2jH2qN20^, obtained
tions. A. adnata. See A., Congenital. A. from Alstonia Constricta.
areata ;
Area celsi ;
Tinea decalvans ;
Por- Alter [aivF-tcr). To castrate or spay.
rigo decalvans Alopecia circumscripta
; ;
Alterant (aiul'-ter-ant). Same as Altera-
that condition in which suddenly or slowly tive.
one or several, usually asymmetrically distri- Alterative [awl'-ter-a-tiv) \alter, another].
buted, patches of baldness appear upon the A medicine that alters the processes of nu-
hairy regions of the body, more often upon trition, restoring, in some unknown way,
the scalp and parts covered by the beard. the normal functions of an organ, or of the
A. circumscripta. See A. areata. A., system. The most important alteratives are
Congenital, a rare form, seldom complete, arsenic, iodin, and the iodids, mercury, and
due to absence of hair-bulbs. A. furfur- gold.
acea Alopecia pityroides capillitii ; Pity-
;
Alternate [aivl'-ter-ndt) [âltcrnare, to do by
riasis capitis ; Seborrhcea capillitii ; Pity- turns]. Occurring successively in space or
riasis sitnplex ; Dandruff; a form of bald- time. A., Hemiplegia. See Hemiplegia.
ness associated with a disorder of the scalp, Alternating [azoF -ter-na-ting) \alternai-e, to
marked by hyperemia, itching, and exfolia- do liy turns]. Occurring successively. A.
tion of dry or fatty scales from its surface. Currents, electric currents, the direction of
It may be acute or chronic, and produce a which is constantly changing. A. Insanity,
dryness, brittleness, and lack of luster in the a form of insanity in which there are reg-
hair. A. localis ; A. neuritica ; that fomi ular cycles of exaltation and depression.
occun'ing in one or more patches at the Alternation [awl-tcr-na'-s/tun] \_alternare,
site "of an injury, or in the course of a to do by turns]. Repeated transition from
nerve. A. neuritica. See A. localis. A. one state to another.
neurotica, a name given to baldness of Althaus's Oil. It is made as follows :
trophoneurotic origin. A. orbicularis. Metallic mercury I part, pure lanolin 4 parts,

Same as A. circumscripta. A. pityroides 2 per cent, carbolic oil 5 parts. It is used
capillitii. See A. furfuracea. A. pity- in the treatment of syphilis in injections of

roides universalis, a rapid and general de- TTLv (0.32) at a dose.
nudation of hair occurring in debilitated Althea, or Althaea [al-the'-ah) [L.]. Marsh-
states, preceded by abundant desquamation mallow. The peeled root of A. officinalis,
of fatty scales. A. senilis, that occurring in a plant of the mallow family. It consists
old age. A. simplex, the idiopathic premature of about one-third of vegetable mucus and
baldness of young adults. It is most common starch, together with the alkaloids Asparagin
in males, and is often associated with prema- and Althein (latterly regarded as identical).
ture grayness. A. syphilitica, that due to sy- Its decoction is employed as a mucilaginous
philis. A. universalis, that in which there is drink. A., Syrupus, contains four per
a general falling out of the hairs of the body. cent, althea. Dose indefinite. Asparagin
Aloxanthin [al-oks-an'-thin'), C,.H,QOg. A possesses sedative and diuretic properties,
yellow substance obtained from barbaloin and and is useful in ascites and gout. Dose gr.
socaloin by the action of bichromate of poij-iij (0.13-0. 19).
tassium. Altitude {al'-ti-tt'id) \_alti:7ido, height]. The
Alpha (aF-fah) [a/.cjfia, the first letter of the elevation of a place above the sea-level.
alphabet]. The Greek letter (7, used in com- Alum {aF-um) \cilumen, alum]. Anyone of
bination with many chemic tenns to indicate a class of double sulphates formed by the
the first of a series, as alpha-naphthol. union of one of the sulphates of certain non-
Alphos ((//^-/(ij-) [d/(/)Of, vitiligo]. I. An old alkaline metals with a sulphate of some
name for leprosy. 2. Psoriasis. alkaline metal. The standard (or common
ALUM EN AMASESIS
commercial) alum, the official Alumen, U. Alveolar [al-ve'-o-lar) \alveolus, a small
S. P., is the aluminium-potassium sulphate, hollow]. Pertaining to an alveolus. A.
AU(.SOj3-|- K2S(\ + 24tlp. It is a pow- Abscess, a gum-boil. A. Arch, the alveolar
erful astringent and styjHic, and is also ex- surface of the jaw. A. Artery, a branch
tensively used in the arts. A., Ammonia, of the internal maxillary artery. A. Border,
is the same as the above, except that the the margin of the jaws. A. Index, in crani-
potassium replaced by ammonium.
is It is ometry, the gnathic index the ratio of the
;
official Great Britain, and is extensively

in distance between the basion and alveolar
used on account of its cheapness. What point, to the distance between the basion
is known as concentrated or patent alum, and the nasal point, multiplied by 100.
is the normal aluminium sulphate [aluminii (Sometimes the basilar index is called the
su/phas), which is not a true alum. A., alveolar index). A. Passages. The ultim.ate
Ammonio-ferric [Fori et Ammonii sul- division of the bronchi, emptying into the
phas), U. S. P., is strongly styptic, and is infundibula. A. Points. See Cratiiomet-
useful in leukorrhea. Dose gr. v-x (0.32- 7-ic Points. A. Process, the border of
0.65). A., Potassio-ferric, is similar to the superior maxilla in which the alveoli are
the A., ammonio-ferric. A., Soda, double placed. A. Sarcoma. See Sarcoma.
sulphate of sodium and aluminium, is too Alveolitis [al-Tc-o-li'-tis) [alrrolus, a hollow ;
soluble for ordinary uses. A. Whey, a trie, inflammation]. Intlammation of the

preparation obtained by boiling 5 ij of alum alveolus of a tooth.
in a pint of milk, and straining. It is used Alveolodental [al-ve' -o-lo-den' -tal) {alveo-
as an astringent and internal hemostatic, in lus, a hollow; dens, a tooth]. Pertaining
wineglassful doses. to the teeth and their sockets.
Alumen [al-u'-men) [L., gen., A/u>ninis'\. Alveolus [al-ve' -o-lus) [I-.]. I. The bony
See Alum. A. exsiccatum, burnt or de- socket of a tooth. 2. Anof the air cell
hydrated alum. lung. A. of Glands, the ultimate sacs of

Alumina (al-u'-min-a)i) [L.], AlÔj. Al- a racemose gland. A. of the Stomach,
uminium oxid the ; principal ingredient of one of the honeycomb-like depressions found
clay, and of many stones, earths, and min- in the stomach.
erals. Alvine [al'-vin or al'-vin) \jilvus, belly].
Aluminate [al-U^-min-dt) \_aluiniiia'\. A Pertaining to the belly. A. Concretion,
basic salt of alumina. an intestinal calculus. A. Dejections,
Aluminated Copper. See Lapis divinus. A. Discharges, the feces. A. Obstruction.
Aluminiferous [al-u-min-if -e7--us) \_a!u>nen, Constipation.
alum; ferre, to form]. Yielding alum. Alvus [al'-vus) [L.]. The belly, or its con-
Aluminium {al-u-min' -e-ui/i) [L.]. Al = tained viscera.
Quantivalence il, IV. A silver white Alymphia [ah-liinf-e-ah) \li priv. ; lympha,
27.
metal distinguished by its low sp. gr., about — lymph]. Adeficiency of lymph.
2.6. It is largely used in the arts and for Amacrine [am' -ak-rai) [a, priv.; fxaKpoc,
certain surgical instruments. A. hydrate, long; ;f, a fiber]. Applied to nerve-cells en-
Al^(HO)g, a tasteless white powder, feebly tirely devoid of axis-cylinder processes.
astringent. Dose gr. iij-xx (0.2-I.3). A. Amadou [am'-a-doo) [I'r. , ainadouer, to
and Potassium sulphate, K2Al2(SO^)^ coax]. German touchwood Bole-
tinder or ;
a valuable astringent used in tus igniai-ius, a fungus found on old tree-

[Alum),
catarrh, leukorrhea, gonorrhea. Dose gr. trunks, used to stanch local hemorrhage, and
x-xx (0.65-1.3). In teaspoonful doses it is as a dressing of wounds, etc.
a soft
an emedc. A. sulphate, Al.^(SOj3, an anti- Amalgam [am-al'-gavi) [ualay/ia,
septic and astringent used as a lotion in 5 per mass]. A combination of mercury with any
cent, solution. A. acetate, a disinfectant. other metal.
Unof. Amalgamation [am-al-gam-a' -shuii) [//«-
Aluminol, Alumnol alttni/- layiia, a soft mass].

In metallurgy, the pro-
[al-uni-i'-nol,
An astringent and anti- cess of combining mercury with some other
nol) \_alum!nium'\.
metal, as practised in separating silver
and
septic sulphur compound of aluminium,
used in gonorrhea, endometritis,' and dis- gold from ores.
eases of the ear, nose, skin, etc. Unof. Amanitin a kind of
[am-an'-it-in) [aitav'irai,
Alum Root. The root of Heuchera ameri- I. A principle identical with cho-
fungus].
lin, obtained from the fly agaric.
2. .\ pois-
cana. Its properties are due to gallic and
tannic acids. It is very astringent. Dose onous glucosid obtainable from various species
of the fld. ext., gtt. x-xx (0.65-I.3). ALso of agaric.
the root of Geranium macutatum, a mild Amara [am-a'-ra) [amarus. bitter].
Bitters.
astringent.
Amasesis [ali-mas-c'-sis) [a priv.
; /luatjatf,
Alvegniat's Pump. ?>&& Alvergniat' s Pump. chewing]. Inability to chew the food.
AMASTIA AMENORRHEA
Amastia {a/i-nias'-te-a/i) [a priv. ; fiaaror, Ambulance [am'-bu-lans) \ambulare, to
breast Abbcnce of the manniiiv or nijiples.
].
walk aixjut]. In Europe the term is apj'lied
Amativeness [am' -at-iv-nes) \âiiiare, to to llie surgical staff and arrangements of an
love].The sexual passion. army in service. In the United States the

Amaurosis [ajii-mv-ro'-sis) lai/arputiv, to word is restricted to a vehicle for the trans-
Blindness, especially occurring that ference of the sick or wounded from one
darken] .
without demonstrable lesion of the eye. A., place to another.

Albuminuric, that due to renal disease. Ambulant, Ambulating, Ambulatory
A., Cerebral, that due to disease of the brain .
[ain'-bii'lat-o-rc) \_aiitbulare , to walkabout].
A., Congenital, that form existing from Relating to walking, or changing location ;
birth. A., Diabetic, that associated with not conflned to bed. A. Blister, a blister
diabetes. A., Hysteric, that associated that changes its location. A. Clinic, a clinic
with hysteria. A., Reflex, that resulting for patients that can walk. A. Erysipelas,
from a reflex action upon the optic nerve erysipelas that shifts from place to place. A.
from some remote source of irritation. A., Tumor, a
pseudo-tumor. A. Typhoid,
Saburral, sudden temporary blindness occur- walking typhoid enteric fever in which the
;
))atient does not,

acute or will not, take to his bed.
ring in an attack of gastritis. A.,
Uremic, that due to uremia. Ambustion (ûii-btts'-chitn^ \_a;//bustio, a
Amaurotic [aiii-a7v-rot^-ik) l_u/tavfi6en',
to burn]. A burn or scald.
darken]. Relating to, or affected with Ameba, Amoeba (am -e'- bah) [îifioifilj,
a
amaurosis. A. Cats-eye, a
light-reflex change]. A colorless, single-celled, jelly-
through the pupil in suppurative choroiditis. like, protoplasmic organism found in sea and
Amazia {â/i-iiia'-ze-nk) [a priv.; /laCor, the
fresh waters, constantly undergoing changes
Absence of the mammary gland. of form and nourishing itself by englobing
breasi].
Amber [a/n^-l>t'r).
See Succinmn. surrounding objects. A. coli, the ameba of
Ambergris [aui'-ber-gris) \atiiber ; Yx.,gris, dysentery. This is a protoplasmic mass, re-
gray]. A
substance excreted by the sperm sembling the water ameba, 20 to 30 jx in
whale, riiysetcr macrocephahis. It is not diameter, and composed of a nucleus and a
known whether it is a pathologic product highly granular protoplasm containing vacu-
or not. It exhales a fragrant, musky odor oles. It is found in large numbers in the
when warmed, and is used in adynamic stools of certain forms of dysentery, in the
fevers, chronic catarrh, and nervous diseases. intestinal mucous membrane, and at times in
Dose, gr. j-iij (0.065-0. 19). Unof, the so-called dysenteric abscess of the liver.
Ambidexter {ani-be-Jeks' -ter^ [a>iil>o, both ;
^^hetlKr it is the real cause of the disease is
dexter, the right hand]. An ambidextrous nut deflnitely established.
person.
Amebic [am-e'-bik) \fiii(ii?,ii, a changi].
Ambidextrous {am-be-deks' -tiiii) \ai7ibo, Pertaining to or characterized by ameb;v.
both ; dexter, the right hand]. Able to use A. Dysentery, dysentery associated with
both hands equally well. the presence in the bowel of the amaba coli.
Amblyopia ( nni ble - o'-pe - ah) [(i///?/rf
-
,
Ameboid (aiii-e'-boid) [iifioijil/, a change ;
dulled; <ji/', eye]. Dimness of vision, espe- f/<V)c, resemblance]. Resembling an ameba
cially that not due to refractive errors or
in form or in movement, as the white blood-
It may be coti- cells.
organic disease of the eye.
genital or acquiiêd, being due, in the latter
Amelia (ah-me^-le-ah)\_a:^ri\.; //t'/lof,
a limb].
case, to the use of tobacco (A. nicotinica') or ,
Absence of the limbs.
alcohol, or to other toxic influences to trau- ;
Amelioration [am-el-yo-ra' -shun) \_iid, to ;
matism ; or it may be hyste7-ic. iVyctalopia melior, better]. Improvement.

and hetneralopia are other forms ; it may Ameloblast [am el'-o-blast) [Anglo-French,
arise from entoptic phenomena such as muscie , amel, enamel li'/aaroc,;
a germ]. An
volitante'!, megalopsia, metamor-
micropsia, enamel-cell, one of the cylindric cells cover-
phopsia, etc. It may take the form of con- ing the papilla of the enamel organ of the
tracted fields of vision, of color-blindness, or teeth, and forming a beautifully regular ejii-
anesthesia of the retina. A. exanopsia, thelial layer that produces the enamel.
amblyopia from disuse, or from non-use. Amelus {am'-el-us) [a priv.; /ê/io(,', a limb].
Ambrosia [am-bro'-zhe-ah] [d/ifipoaia, the A monstrosity without limbs.
food of the gods]. A
genus of composite- Amenia [ah-me'-ne-ah). See Amenorrhea.
flowered herbs. A. artemisiiefolia, common Amenorrhea [ahnien-or-e'-ah^ [n priv.; ////)',
hog- weed of North America stimulant, ; month; pi tir, to flow'. Abnormal absence
tonic, antiperiodic, and astringent. A. of menstruation. A., Primitive, is a term
trifida has similar properties. The pollen applied to those cases in which the catamenia
of these plants is by some regarded as a have not appeared at the proper time, and
cau&e of hay-fever. A., Secondary, to those in which the dis-
AMENORRHEAL AMMONIA
been arrested
chartje has it has existed after Amidulin {am-id' iilin) [!•>., amidim,
the reproductive period. .Soluble starch
duriiiL; starch]. prepared by the
;
Amenorrhea! {ah-inen-or-e' -al )\Ji priv.; ûjv, action of H.^S(Jôn starch, thus
removing tlie
iiiontli ; I'jteiv, to flow]. Pertaining to starch cellulose.
amenorrhea. Amimia [ah-mi/n'-e-ah) [h priv idling, a ;
Amentia [ah-nieii' -shc-ah^ \Ji priv.; mens, mimic]. Loss of the power of imitation or
mind]. Defective intellect ; idiocy. of making gestures.
Ametria (ah-?)ict'-re-ah) \_a priv.; jiijrpa, Amin [am' -in) [ii>nmonia'\. The wins are A
womb]. Absence of the uterus. chemic compounds produced by the substi-
Ametrometer {ah-met-roiii' -et-er') [d priv.; tution of a basic atom or radicle for one or
furpov, a
measure]. An instrument for more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia ; or
measuring ametropia. basic derivatives of carbon,
containing ni-
Ametropia {ah-met-ro'-pe-ah)\_a priv.; jiirpov, trogen and viewed as ammonia derivatives
a measure; 6i/;/r, sight]. Ametropia exists In deportment they bear some similarity to
when an imperfect image is formed
upon the ammonia. The lower members are gases with
retina, due to defective refractive power of ammoniacal odor and are readily soluble in
the media, or to abnormalities of form of the water; they differ from ammonia in their
eye. In invopia the anteroposterior diam- combustibility. The highest members are
eter too great, or the power of the refractive
is
liquids soluble in water only the highest are
;
media is too great hypcDiictropia (or hyper-

;
sparingly soluble. They are called A/on-
opia) is the exact reverse astigmatism is ; ami/is, Diamins, Triainins, etc., according
due to imperfect curvature of the cornea, to the number of amidogen molecules,
Nll.^,
or of the retina, or to inequality of refract- substituted for II. A., Primary, an amin
ing power in different parts of the lens ;
in which one hydrogen atom leplaced by is
presl>\'opia is due to inelasticity of the lens, a univalent alkyl. A., an

Secondary,
producing insufficient accommodation apha- ;
amin which two hydrogen atoms are re-
in
kia, or absence of the lens, produces both in- placed by univalent alkyls. A., Tertiary,
sufficient refracting power and loss of accom- an amin in which three hydrogen atoms are
modation. replaced by univalent alkyls.
Ametropic (ah-met-i-op^ -ik') [a priv.; )drpt)v, Aminol [am' -in-ol) \jimin'\. A gaseous
a measure ; o>\fLC., sight]. Affected with or substance derived from the methylamin of
pertaining to ametropia. herring-brine mixed with milk of lime. It is
Amid {am' -id) \ammonia\ chemic com- A disinfectant, and it has been used in the puri-
pound produced by the substitution of an fication of sewage.
acid radicle for one or more of the hydrogen Amitosis [ah-mit-o'-sis] [« ]iriv.; jiiTor, a
atoms of ammonia. The amids are primary, tluead]. Cell multiplication by direct divi-
secondary, or tertiary, according as one, two, sion, or simple cleavage,
or three hydrogen atoms have been so re- Amitotic [ah-mit-ot'-ik) [ii priv.; fiiro^,
placed. They are while crystalline solids, thread]. Of the nature of, or characterized
often capable of combining with both acids by, amitosis. A. Cell Division, direct
and bases. A. Bases. See Ainiiis, Pri- cell division, as distinguishetl from karyo-
mary. kinesis.
Amidin [am'-id-in) [Fr., amidoii, starch]. Ammonemia [am-o-tie'-me-ah). The sup-
Starch altered by heat into a horny, transpa- posed presence of ammonium carbonate in
rent mass soluble starch
;
the part of starch ; the blood.
that is soluble in water. Ammonia (am-o'-ne-ah) [from the name of
Amidins [am' -id-inz) \âi)imonia'\. Mono- Ju|iiter Ammon, from the neighborhood of
acid bases produced from the nitrites
by heat- whose temple in Libya, annnonium chlorid
ing with ammonium chlorid. In the free was obtained]. A colorless, ]>ungent gas,
condition they are quite unstable. They NH.„ very soluble in water. The prepara-
contain the group C.NH.NH,^. tions of ammonium are used as antacids and as
Amido-acetic Acid {am'-id-o-as-e'-tik as'- gastric and cardiac stimulants, in headache,
id). See Giycocoli ?ind Glycin. hysteria, etc. It is a stimulant to the lie.art,
Amido-acid (am' -id-o-as' -id) [ammonia : and, in its elimination through the lungs,
acetum, vinegar]. An acid containing the stimulates and li(iuefies the bronchial secre-
amido-group, NH.^. tion. Ammoniae, Aqua, water of am-
Amidogen {<im-id' -o-jen) [amid ; yzvvav, to monia, a solution containing ten |^r cent, of
produce]. The hyjiothetic radicle, NH^ re- the gas in water. Dose rt\,^'-.T^^ (0.32-2.0),
garded as an essential part of all amids. See well diluted. A., Aqua Fortior, contain*
Amid. 28 per cent, of the gas in solution. A.,
Amido-succinamic Acid [am'-id-o-suk-sin- Linimentum, a(iua ammonia ,?5, cotton-
ain'-ik as' -id). Same as Asparagin. seed oil 60, alcohol 5 per cent. A., Spiritus,
4
AMMONIAC AMPEREMETER
a ten per cent, solution of aqua ammonia in culi. A. valerianate, NH^C3Hy02, is used
alcohol. Dose rrLx-3J (0.65-4.0), diluted. as a sedative in hysteria. Dose gr. j-v
A., Spiritus, Aromaticus, aromatic spirit (0.065-0.32).
of ammonia, an alcoholic solution of am- Ammotherapy (
am-o-ther' -a-pe ) [ afXfioQ,
monium carbonate, flavored with lemon, sand OipaTrtvEtv, to heal].
; The use of sand-
lavender, and piraenta. Dose 3 ss-ij (2.0- baths in the treatment of disease.
8.0). Amnesia (am-ne'-se-ali) [_a/.iv?/cia, forgetful-
Ammoniac [ani-o'-ne-ak). See Aimnonia- ness ]. Loss of memory, especially of the
ciiin. ideas represented by words. A. Auditory,
Ammoniacal [am-o-ni'-ak-al^ \ammonia\. word-deafness. A., Visual, word-blindness.
Containing or relating to ammonia. Amnesic [atn-ne'-sik'). Relating to amnesia.
A.mmoniacum [am-o-ni' -ak-unt^\animo>iia\. A. Aphasia. See Amnesia.
Annnoniac. A gum obtained from a Persian Amnio-chorial (âm-ne-o-ko' -re-al) \iinviov,
plant, Doreiiia amiiioniacum. It is a stimulat- the amnion jo/j/or, a membrane]
; Pertain- .
ing expectorant and laxative, resembling asa- ing to both amnion and chorion.
fetida, employed in chronic bronchial affec- Amnion Uim' -ne-oii) \h.jLv'iov, a young lamb].
tions. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0). A. The innermost of the fetal membranes it is ;
cum Hydrargyro, Emplastrum, ammoniac continuous with the fetal epidennis at the um-
72, mercury 18 per cent., with sulphur, bilicus, forming a complete sheath for the
acetic acid,and oil, q. s. A., Emplastrum, umbilical cord and a sac or bag in which the
loo parts of ammoniac, digested with 140 fetus is enclosed. It contains one or two
parls of acetic acid, diluted, strained, and pints of liquor amnii. It is a double, non-
evaporated. A., Emulsum, a four per cent, vascular membrane, the inner layer or sac de-
emulsion in water. Dose 5 ss-j (16. 0-32.0). rived from the epiblast, the outer from the
Ammoniameter [din-o-ne-am'-et-et-) \am- mesoblast. The cavity of the inner folds is
fnonia ; ^frpoi', a measure]. instrumentAn called the trite ainnioii, that of the outer, the
for testing the strength of ammonia solutions. false. A., Dropsy of, excessive secretion of
Ammoniated {a?ii-o-ne-a' -ted) \_ammo>ii(t~\. liquor amnii.
Combined with ammonia. Amnionic [am-ne-on' -ik) \_afiv'mv, a young
Ammonium (ani-o' -ne-7iiit) \j.n)ii)io)iia\. A lamlj]. Relating to the amnion.
hypothetic univalent alkaline base, having Amniorrhea [a/n->ie-o-re'-a/i) [ai/mion, poia,
the composition NII^. It exists only in com- a flow]. The discharge of the liquor amnii.
bination. Ammonii acetatis, Liq., Spirit Amniotic {am-7ie-ot' -ik ) \a)iviov, a young
of Mindererus, dilute acetic acid neutralized lamb]. Relating to the amnion. A. Fluid.
with ammonia. Dose .^j-^j (4.0-32.0). The See Anmion.
liquor amnii.
A. benzoate, NH^C.HjO.^. Dose gr. v-xv Amceba (ciiii-e'-bah). See Ameba.
(0.32-1.0). A. bromid, NII^Br, used in Amoeboid {ani-e'-boid). See Ameboid.
epilepsy, cough, and rheumatism. Dose Amomum [am-o'-mum) [d/zw/zor, an Eastern
gr. x-^ss (0.65-2.0). A. carbonate, NH^- spice plant]. A genus of scitaminaceous
HCOij.NH^NHjCO.^, a mixture of carbonate plants to which the cardamon {Â. cardamo-
and dicarbonate. It is a stimulant expector-
mum) and Grains of Paradise (Â. graitum
ant and cardiac stimulant. I >ose
gr. v-x paradisi) belong.
(0.32-0.65). A. chlorid, NH^Cl, sal ammo- Amorphia iâh-mor' -fe-ah) [
u priv.; itopij>ri,
niac, is used in bronchitis, rheumatism, and form]. Shapeless condition.
liver disease. Dose gr. j-xx (0.065-1.3). Amorphism {ah-mor'-fism) [a priv.; pop^trj,
A. chloridi, Trochisci, each lozenge con- a form]. The state of being amorphous or
tains gr. of the salt.
ij
A. fluorid, used in without shape want of crj^stalline structure.
;
enlargement of the spleen. Dose gr. }^-\ Amorphous {ah-moi-' -fits) [« priv.; papipi^, a
(0.0027-0.032). A. glycyrrhizas. IJnof. form]. Formless, shapeless, not crystalline.
An expectorant. A. iodid, NHÎ. Dose Ampelotherapy ( am -pel- ther' - a - pe) -
gr. ij-x (0.13-0.65). A. nitrate, NH^NO.,, [a//7r£/*iOf,

a grape vine ; OepairEveiv, to heal].
used in preparing nitrous oxide. A. phos- The Grape-cure.
phate, (NHJJIPO^. Dose gr. v-xx Amperage {am-par'-ahj) \_An!pere,?i French
(0.32-1.3). A.picras,CgH.,(NH,)(N02\,0, physicist]. The number of amperes passing
a salt in yellow needles, of bitter taste like ;
in a giX'en circuit.
other picrates it is explosive, and must be Ampere [am-par') \_A»ipere, a French physic-
handled with care. It is antipyretic and
ist].
A unit of measurement of an electric
antiperiodic, and tends to correct gastric dis- current.
turliances. Dose gr. v (0.32) in 24 hours. A. Amperemeter {am'-par'-me-tcr) [Ampere;
sulphate, NI I^).,SO^, used in the preparation
(
psrpov, to measure]. An instrument for es-
of other ammonium salts. A. urate, occurs timating the current of an electric circuit in
in alkaline urine and at times in
urinary cal- amperes.
AMPHIARKYOCIIROME AMPULLA
Amphiarkyochrome (ani-fc-ar' -ke-o-kront) Amphigony {atn -fig' -o-ne) [â/i(pi,
on both
\aiJi<î,
net xP'^l^'^t color]
botli ; aiiKix, A ;
.
sides; )omg, offspring]. The sexual pro-
term applied by Nissl to a nerve cell the cess in its broadest sense ; gamogenesis.
stainable portion of whose cell body is in the Amphimixis {(imfi-miks' -is) \<iiu'/i,
on both
form of a pale network, the nodal points of sides; ///;/r, mixing]. The mingling of two
which are joined by an intensely staining individuals or their germs ; sexual reproduc-
network. tion.
Amphiarthrosis ( ani-fe-ar-tlwo' -sis ) [fi"*', Amphimorula {am-fe-mor'-u-lak) [afiiphi, on

around ;
form of mixed
aijOf><)i',
a joint]. A botii sides; montia, a
mulberry]. The mo-
articulation in which the surfaces of the bones rula, or globular mass of cleavage cells result-
are connected by broad discs of fibro-cartil- ing from unequal segmentati(jn, the cells of
age, or else are covered with hbro-cartilage the hemispheres being unlike in size.
and connected by external ligaments. It is Amphistoma [am-fis' -to-inah) [u/i(l>i, double ;
distinguished by limited flexion in every arO/ia,mouth]. A genus of trematode worms,

direction, as, ^t,''-, between the vertebra;. named from the mouth-like apparatus at either
Amphiaster (ain'-ft^-as-ter) \!\im, around ;
end. One species, .-/. hoininis, has been found
aariij), a star]. The figure formed in indirect in the large intestine of man.
cell division by the achromatin threads and Amphodiplopia [a/n-fo-dip-lo' -pe-ah) [n/jipu,
chromatin granules united to form the .so- both; (hrcAun^, double; uiip, eye]. Double
called nuclear spindle, together with the vision affecting each of the eyes.
threads of cell-protoplasm radiating from a Amphophile, Amphophilous {am'-fo-fil,
rounded clear space at each end of the spindle, am-fof'-il-us) [a/fû, both (j>i'/.nv, to lov?].
;
known as the stars or suns. Readily stainable alike with acid and basic
Amphibia {arn-fib' -e-ah) [(i/^^/, both ; /5/of , dyes.
life]. A
class of the Verfeb>-ata, living both Amphoric {am-for' -ik)\timpho7-a, a vase with
in the water and upon the land, as the frog, tW'O handles]. Resembling the sound pro-
newt, etc. duced by blowing across the mouth of a
Amphibious {am-fib^-e-us) \_a/-i<j>i, both j3iog, ;
bottle. A. Breathing, breath sounds with
life].Living both on land and water. musical quality heard in diseased conditions
Amphiblastic (am-fe-blas' -tik) [niKpi, on both of the lung, especially in pulmonary tuber-
sides; /^/uurof, a germ]. Pertaining to that culosis with cavity-formation. A. Reson-
form of complete segmentation that gives rise ance, in auscultation, a metallic sound like
to an amphiblastula.. that of blowing into a bottle, caused by the
Amphiblastula 'yaiit-fc-blas'-tu-laJi) \JijH'fi,
on reverberation of sound in a cavity of the lung.
both sides ;
dim. of ;5A«0Td(;, a germ]. The A. Respiration. See A. Breathiii;^.
mulberry-mass orraorula-stage in the develop- Amphorophony {ani-for-of -o-ne) âiiiphora,
ment of a holoblastic egg. It follows the a vase with two handles ^ww/, a sound].
;
stage known as amphimorula. An amjihoric resonance or sound.

Amphibolia {ain-fe-bo' -le-ah) \_auîôXLa, un- Amphoteric, Amphoterous (ain-fo-lcr'-ik,
certainty]. The vacillating period of a fever cim-fot' -er-ns) [(i//i^(jrepor, both of two].
or disease. Double-sided having the power of alter-
;
Amphibolic iam-fe-bol'-ik) [tt//(/i//io2of, un- ing the color of both red and blue litmus test
certain]. Uncertain; doubtful. Applied to paper a condition sometimes presented by
;
a period in the febrile process occurring be- the urine. '^

tween the fastigium and the defervescence, Amplification {(un-plif-ik-a' -shu/i) [<?//////-
and marked by exacerbations and remissions. ficare, to enlarge]. Increase of the visual
Amphicrania [am-fe-kra' -ne-ali) [a/i<pi, both ; area, in microscopy.
Kpavior, the skull]. Headache affecting both Amplifier [a/it'-ple-fi-er) \^nmplificarc,
en- to
sides of the head. large]. An apparatus used in microscopy
- -
kre' - ai -
for increasing the magnification. It consists
Amphicreatin {am fc iti) l_a/i(p!,
around; Kpiar, flesh], CgHjjNÔ^. One of of a diverging lens or combination placed
the muscle-leukomains. It crystallizes in between the objective and the ocular, and
brilliant oblique prisms of a yellowish-white gives to the image-forming rays from the
color, and is faintly basic. objective an increased divergence.
Amphicreatinin {am-fe-kre-at' -in-in) \ha^\, Amplitude {am' -pk-tiid) \_amplus, broad].
around; CgHj^NÔ^. A mem-
/c/jiof, flesh], The range or extent, as of vibrations and
ber of the creatinin group of leukomains de- undulations, the pulse wave, etc.
rived from muscle. Ampulla {am-pul'-ah) [I... a Roman wine
Amphidiarthrosis [atn -fe diar - thro^ -sis) -
jug]. The trumpet-mouthed or dilated ex-
\_a/-t.(f>i , l)oth; ihujjftpuaiQ, articulation]. The tremity of a canal, as of the lachrymal canal,
articulati(m of the lower jaw, as it partakes the receptaculum chyli, the Fallopian tubes,
vas dc-
of the nature both of ginglynuis and arthrodia. n\anunary ducts, semicircular canals,
AMPUTATION AMYELINIC
ferens, etc. A. Chyli, the receptaculum the saw. A., Immediate, one done
chyli. A., Lieberkiihn's, tlie cecal ter- within twelve hours after the injury,
minus of one of the lacteals in the vilh of (.luring the jjeriod oT shock. A., In- (
the intestines. A. of Rectum, the portion termediary, or Intermediate, one per-

above the perineal fle.xure. A. of Vater, formed during the period of reaction, and
the site of entrance of the common bile-duct before suppuration. A., Intrauterine. See
and jniiicreatic duct into the
duodenum. A., Congtiiital. A., Major, ampuiation of
Amputation [(au-pn-ta'-s/uui) \jiijiptttart\ to an extremity above the wrist or ankle joint.
cut away]. The removal of a limb or any A., Mediate. See A., Inicnnediary. A.,
projecting part of the body. Amputation Minor, amjuitation of a small part, as a
may be by the knife, ligature, or other means, finger. A., Mixed, a combination of the
or it may be the resultof pathologic processes, circular and flap methods. A., Multiple,
as gangrene, constriction {e. g. of the cord
,
amputation of two or more membtrs at
in the fetus). A., Accidental, liie separa- the same time. A,, Musculo-cutaneous,
tion of a limb by some form of accident. one in which the flajis consist of skin and
A., Bloodless, one in which there is but muscle. A., Musculo-tegumentary. See
slight loss of blood, on account of the A., Alusculo-cutaneous. A., Natural. See
circulation being controlled by mechanical A., Congenital. A., Oblique. See A.,
means. A., Central, one in which the scar Oz'cil. A., Osteoplastic, one in which
is situated at or near the center of ihe stump. there is section ar.d apposition of portions
A., Circular, that performed by making a of bone, in addition to the amputation.
single flap, by circular sweeps of a long knife, A., Oval, a modification of the elliptical, in
through skin and muscles, in a direction ver- which the incision consists of two reversed
tical to the long axis of the limb. A., Circular sjiirals, instead of the one oblique. A.,
Skin Flap, a modification of the circular, in Partial, i. ( )ne in which but a portion of
which the skin and the the extremity is removed. 2. An
flap is dissected up, incomplete
muscles divided at a higher level. A., Coat- congenital amputation. A., Pathologic,
sleeve, a modification of the circular, in one done for tumor or other diseased condi-
which the cutaneous flap is made very long, tion. A., Primary, one done after the
the end being closed by being gathered to- period of shock and before the occurrence of 'j
gether by means of a tape. A., Congenital, inflammation. A., Racket, a variety of the
amputation of fetal portions, due to constric- oval amputation, in which there is a single i
tion by bands of lymph. A. in the longitudinal incision continuous below with

Contiguity, amputatiim at a joint. A. in a spiral incision on either side of the limb.
the Continuity, amjiutation of a limb else- A., Secondary, one performed during the
where than at a joint. A., Consecutive, period of su]ipuration. A., Spontaneous.
an amputation during the pericîd of supimra- See A., Ci ngenilal. It alst) occurs in the
tion or later. A., Cutaneous, one in which disease, ainhum. A., Subperiosteal, one in
the flaps are composed exclusively of the in- the continuity, the cut end of the bone being
teguments. A., Diclastic, one in which the covered by periosteal flaps. A., Synchron-
bone is broken with an osteoclast, and the ous. See A., Multiple. A. by Transfix-
soft tissues divided by means of an ecraseur. ion, one done by thrusting long knife com-
a
Its object is to avoid hemorrhage and puru- pletely through a limb, and cutting the flaps
lent infection.A., Double Flap, one in from within out.
which two formed from the soft
flaps are Amusia (ah-viu' -se-ah') [a priv.; nntsa,
tissues. A., Dry. See A., Bloodless. A., iiovna^muse]. Loss of the ability to produce
Eccentric, one in which the scar is situated or comprehend music or musical sounds an ;
away from the center of the stump. A., abnormality as regards music analogous to
Elliptical, one that may be performed by a aphasia as regards faculty of speech.
the
method; the
single sweep, as in the circular Motor A., the music is understood, but there
wound, however, having an elliptical outline, is loss of the power of singing or of other
on account of the oblique direction of the wise reproducing music. Paramusia, faulty
incision. A. of Expediency, one performed and imjierfect reproduction of music. Sensory
for cosmetic efiect. A., Flap, one in which A., musical deafness, or the loss of the power
one or more flaps are made from the soft of comprehension of musical sounds.
tissues, the division being made obliquely. Amyelencephalia {ah-ini-el-en-sef-a'-le-ah)
A., Flapless, one in which, on account of [a priv.; //ijfv' or, marrow KeipaZ^, the head]
;
. I
destruction of the soft parts, flaps cannot be Absence of both brain and spinal cord.
formed, the wound healing by granulation. Amyelia (ah-7ni-e'-le-ah) [a priv.; fivcAdq.,
A., Galvano-caustic, one in which the marrow]. Absence of the spinal cord.
soft parts are divided with the galvano-cau- Amyelinic {ahini-el-in'-ik) [a priv.; ^vt\6^,
tery followed by division of the bone by marrow]. Without myelin,
AMYELOTROPHY AMYLOPSIN
Amyelotrophy {âhmi-el-ot' -ro-fc) \jt priv.; (^(ikr], a tonsil; ri/ivfti', to cut]. Tonsillot-
fivEkhq, marrow; -fmitii, nourishment]. omy.
Atrophy of the spinal cord. Amy! (a//i^-i7) [uiiv/or, starch]. The radi-
Amyelus [(ih-nti' -cl-ns) \Ji jiriv.; five26c, cle,C-Il,,, of amyl alcohol, the fifth mem-
marrow]. A fetal monstrosity with partial ber of the series of alcohol radicles, C'n
or complete absence of the spinal cord. 11,,,,^,. A. Alcohol. See Awj'/ic A/,o/io/.
Amygdala [ain-ig' -dal-aJi) \a[tvyfiakt], al- A. Hydrate. See Aniylic Alcohol. A.
mond]. I. The small lobule
tonsil. 2. A Nitrite, nitrite of amyl, C^HiiNO.^, a clear,
on the lower surface of each cerebellar hem- yellowish, volatile liquid, of a penetrating
It produces vascular dilatation and
isphere, projecting into the fourth ventricle. odor.
3. Almond.
The seeds of A. aniara and stimulates the heart's actii^n, and is useful in
A. dtiliis, containing the principle Einukin. angina pectoris, respiratory neuroses, etc.
The former contains Aniygdalin. The Dose, iii/ernallv, Tl\, y^-] (0.016-0.065)
expressed oil of the sweet almond is a dissolved in alcohol by inhalation, X^ ij-v
;
demulcent, and is useful in sl<in affections ;

(0.13-0.32). A. Valerianate. See Apple
in doses of .^j-ij (4.0-8.0) a mild laxa- Oil.
tive. That of A. aniara is used in cos- Amylaceous iâm-il-a' -se-7is)\hu.v7Mv, starch].
metics. A. Amarse, Aqua, a I iodo so- :
Containing starch ; starch-like.
luiion of the oil in water. Dose indefinite. Amylene {avi' -il-ai) \h.iiv7iov, starch], Cj-
A. Amarae, Oleum, a bitter volatile oil, H,g. A
liquid hydrocarbon, having anes-
containing 3-14 per cent of hydrocyanic acid thetic properties. See Anrs/helic. A. Hy-
and having similar uses. 1 >ose \\î-) (0.016- drate, C"jII|./J, a tertiary alcohol used as an
0.065). Oleum expressum, oil of
^•' hypnotic. Dose rr\^ x.xx-j^j (2.0-4.0). Unof.
sweet almonds. A., Emulsum, oil of sweet Amylic [am-il'-ik) \anv'knv, starch]. Per-
almonds 6 per cent. sugar, water, and acacia
, taining to amyl. A. Alcohol, Fusel Oil,
q. s. Dose ;:;j-_^ ss. (4.0-16.0. ) A., Pulv. Potato-starch Alcohol, Amyl Hydrate. An
Comp. (B. P. ), containing sweet almonds, alcohol having the composition C^H,./), pro-
retined sugar, and gum acacia. It is used to duced in the continued distillation of fer-
make ./., Ennihuin. A., Syrupus, contains mented grain. It was formerly used to
oil of bitter almonds 3, sweet almonds 10, adulterate whisky. It is employed as a sol-
syrup 87 per cent. It is used as a vehicle. vent and reagent.

Amygdalin [ani-ig'-dal-iii] \liuvyâA^, al- Amylin ((?w'-//-;';/) [«//(i? or, starch]. The in-
mond], (
2o'^'.!7'^^'ii + Z^4^-
glucosid ^ soluble wall of the starch grain.
formed in bitter almonds, in various plants, Amylogenic [am-il-o-jen' -ik) [nHv? or, starch ;
and in the leaves of the cherry laurel. yivvhv, to produce]. Starch-producing.
Under the influence of emulsin, contained Amyloid [iini' -il-oid') \hav'Kov, starch; cMof,
in the almond, it
splits up into glucose and form]. Starch like. A. Bodies, bodies
hydrocyanic acid. resembling starch grains, found in the nervous
Amygdaline {ani-ig^-dal-iit) \!iiivy!\a7j]^
al- system, the prostate, etc. They are the result
mond]. I. Almond-like. 2. Pertaining to of a localized amyloid degeneration. A.
the tonsil. Degeneration, waxy, or lardaceous degen-
Amygdalitis {am-ig-dal-i'-lis) \h.iivy<âXi], al- eration. A
degeneration characterized by
mond iTic, inflammation]. Tonsillitis.
;
the formation of an allnnninous sulistance,
Amygdaloid [ain-ig'-dal-oid) [aiivyâlrj, resembling starch in its chemic reactions.
almond ; form].
tii'ôr, Resembling an The process affects primarily the connective
almond. A. Fossa, the depression for the tissue of the blood-vessels of various organs,
lodgment of the tonsil. A. Tubercle, a and is connected with or due to chronic
jirojection of gray matter at the end of the suppuration in the body. Amyloid substance
descending cornu of the lateral ventricle gives a brown color with iodin, a red color
of the brain. It is attached to the temporal with gentian-violet, and turns blue on being
lobe, and appL'ars to be nearly isolated by treated with iodin and sulphuric acitl. A.
white substance. Kidney. See Bright' s Disease.
Amygialolith (am-ig-dal' -o-lith^ \_iuivy!^nh], Amylolysis [am-il-ol' -is-is\ \hp)7M\', starch ;
an almond ; 'aMoc. a stone]. concretion A 'Avniq, solution]. The digestion of starch, or

or calculus found in the tonsil. its conversion into sugar.
-
[ani-il o-lil' -ik') starch
Amygdalopathy ig-dal- op'-ath c )
(
<tin ^
Amylolytic [o/zc/oi', ;
[('/;.Mi}(5(;>.;/,
an almond; -alhc, a disease]. //'(T/f, Pertaining to or eflecting
solutif)n].
Any disease of the tonsils. the digestion of starch, as the fermenls in
Amygdalotome iyivn-ig' -dal-o-toiii) \_hiivy-
the saliva and ]iancreatic juice, that convert
iSn///, tonsil ;
ry/ivriv, to cut]. An in- starch into sugar.
strument uscil the tonsils. [ani-ilop' sin) starch
in cutting Amylopsin [iiiiv'/av, ;
Amygdalotomy [iim-ig-dal-ol' -o-ine) \_aiivy- oi/'/^-, apiiearance]. A ferment found in the

AMYLOSE ANESTHETIC
pancreatic juice, which changes
starch into Anacardium [an-ak-ar'-de-tim') \_(ira, up; j
Kapdia, the heart, from its heart-shaped seeds],

'
sugar.
Amylose {ai?i'î!-ds) \_anv7.ov, starch]. Any I. A
genus of tropical trees. A. occideiitaU
one of the group of carbohydrates, compris- yields cashew gum and the cashew nut. 2.
ing starch, glycogen, dextrin, inulin, gum, The oil of the pericarp of the cashew nut,
cellulose, and tunicin. known as cardol, and used as an escharotic.
said to be of value in leprosy.
Amylum «w)[L.], CgHjÔ^. Starch.
(?7/«'-//
It is A.,
A., Glyceritum, contains starch lo, water Tinct., I to ID of rectified spirit. Dose,
lo, glycerin 80 per cent. used for externa! ; Tt\îj-x (0.13-0.65). A., Unguentum, one
A., Mucilago (B. P.), used in part of the tar to eight of lard or vaselin,
•
application.
making enemata. A. iodatum, contains used as a blistering ointment.
starch 95, iodin 5 per cent., triturated with Anaclasis (â)i-ak' -las-is) \JivaK'kn(jiq, a break-
distilled water and dried. Dose 3J-3SS ing oft, or back]. I. Reflection or refrac-
(4.0-16.0). tion of light or sound. 2. fracture A

forci- ;
Amyocardia [atn-i-o-kar' -de-aJi) [« priv. ;

ble flexion of a stiff joint.
muscle KapSin, the heart]. Lack of
//{if , ;
Anacrotic [an-ak-fot'-ik) \Jiva, upward a/jo- ;
muscular power in the heart's contractions. Tor, a stroke]. Relating to or characterized

Amyostasia [am-i-os-ta' -ze-ali) [a priv.; //if, by anacrotism.
muscle; (jraciq, standing]. An abnormal Anacrotism {an-ak^-ro-tizm) \_nra, upward ;
trembling of the muscles while in use, often Kpdrof, a stroke]. The condition in which
seen in locomotor ataxia. there is one or more notches on the ascending
Amyosthenia {a/ii-i-os-t/w'-ne-nk) [a priv. ; limb of the pulse curve.
/(I'f,
muscle ; cdivoc, force]. Deficient mus- Anacusia [an-ak-oo'-se-ok] \_av priv.; c'lKoveiv,
cular power. to hear]. Complete deafness.
Amyotrophia [am-i-o-tro' -fe-a)i) [a priv. ;
Anadenia {an-ad-e' -ne-aJi) \av priv.; adijv,
//I'f,
muscle ; r/5of)/;, nourishment]. Atrophy gland]. Insufficiency of glandular function.
of a muscle. Anadicrotic [au-ah-di-krot' -ik) [r/rd, upward;
Amyotrophic {ain-i-o-trof'-ik) [a priv.; //rf, 6lc, twice ; Kpd-oq, a stroke]. Characterized
muscle ;
nourishment].
-prxprj, Character- by anadicrotism.
ized by muscular atrophy. A. Lateral Anadicrotism (an-ah-di' -krot-iznt^ \ava, up-
Sclerosis, lateral sclerosis combined with ward (5iV,
;
twice Kporog, a stroke].
;
Di-
muscular atrophy. The lesion is in the pyra- crotism of the pulse-wave occurring in the
midal tracts and in the ganglion cells of the upward stroke.
anterior gray horns of the spinal cord. The Anadidymous [aii-ad-id'-iin-iis) ['irn, up;
disease has a marked tendency to involve a twin]. Cleft into two,
the medulla. A. Paralysis, that due to
(5/rfii//of,
while single below — said upward
of certain joined
muscular atrophy. twins.
Anabasis {<in-'-as-is) \_avajiaivciv, to go Anadidymus [an-ad-id^-iw-us) \_riva, up;
up]. The increasing stage of acute disease. a twin].

(5/(^r/;of, An anadidymous monster.
Anabatic {cin-ah-at'-ik) \ava[iuriK6c, ascend- Anadipsia {an-ak-dif'-se-ak) [uid, intensive ;
ing]. Increasing; growing more intense; (5/i/'(i, thirst]. Intense thirst.

as the anabatic stage of a fever. Anaemia (an-e'-tne-ah). See Anemia.
Anabiosis (an-ab-i-o'-sis) [arafiioeiv, to come Anaerobia (aii-a-er-o' -be-ah) \av priv.; lii;p,
to life again]. The reappearance of vitality air; Microorganisms having the
;9/of,life].
in an apparently lifeless organism. power of living without free oxygen. A.,
Anabolergy {ân-ab-ol'-er-je) \avaBaX'kuv to , Facultative, applied to organisms normally
throw up epyov, work].
; The force ex- or usually living in the presence of oxygen,
pended or work performed in analjolism, or but capable of becoming anaerobic.
in anabolic processes. Anaerobic (an-a-e-7-o' -bik) [r;i'priv.; nijp. air;
Anabolic {an-ah-ol'-ik') \hvafia/.}.in\ to throw /3(0f, life]. Living in the absence of free
up]. Pertaining to or characterized by ana- oxygen or air. See Aerobic.
bolism. Anaerobiosis {an-a-er-o-bi-o'-sis) [nr priv.;
Anabolin (an-ab'-o-lin) [ai'a,3a/l?f(i',to throw d///), air; /3/of, life]. Life sustained in the
up]. Any substance formed during the absence of free oxygen the power of living
;
anabolic process. where there is no free oxygen.

Anabolism {an-ab'-P-Iiznt) \JivafâK)-xiv , to Anaerobiotic, Anaerobious iân a-ey-o-bi-ot'-
throw up]. Synthetic or constructive meta- ik, an-a-er-o'-be-its\\Jiv priv.; d//, air; '{iioc,
bolism. Activity and repair of function ; life]. Capable of existing without free oxy-
opposed to katabolism. gen.
Anacamptic {ati-ak-anip'-tik) \_hvnKhu~TSLv, Anaesthesia (an-es-the'-ze-aK). See Anes
to bend hack]. Reflected, as sound or light ; the sia.
pertaining to or causing a reflection. Anaesthetic {an-es-thet'-ik). See Anesthetic.
ANAGRAPH ANARTIIRIA
Anagraph [an'-a-graf) \_a\>aypa(p>j, a writincj ments. A., Volumetric, the quantitative
oulj. A physician's prescriplion or recipe. determination of a constituent by vcjlume.
Anakusis {an-ak-oo'-sis). See Aiiaciisia. Analyzer ((7«'-rt/-/-c<vj [diYt/re/c, to unloose]
Anal [a'-ital) [ aims, the fundament]. Per- In microscopy, the Nicol
prism, which exhi-
taining to the anus. bits the
[iroperties of light after polarization.
[<in-ani-er'-la). A genus of Menis-
Analepsia, Analepsis {iin-*al-ep'-se -ah, Anamirta
anal- ep' -sis) \avd'Aii\\<L€, a taking up]. permaceas. A. paniculata, or Menispermum
Recovei y of strength after disease. cocculus, is the source of Cocculus indicus.
Analeptic [iin-al-cp'-ti/i) \avakij-KTiKoq, re- Anamnesis {an-ain-ne'-sis) [avajivi/air, a
storative]. I. Restorative. 2. Any agent recalling to i. The of
mind], faculty'
restoring health after illness. memory ; recollection. 2. That which is
Analgen {an-aF -jeti) \av priv. akyoq, pain], ; recollected information gained regarding
:
C^glI,^N.Ô^. A
white, tasteless, crystalline the past history of a case from tiie
patient.
poweier, almost insoluble in water, soluble Anamnestic [an-am-nes'-lik) \jivaiiv7)nic a ,
with difficulty in cold alcohol, but more recalling to mind], i.

Recalling to mind.
readily in hot alcohol, and dilute acids. It 2. Restorative of the
memory.
melts at 406.4° F. It is employed as an Anamniotic {an-am-ne-ol'-ih) [!iv priv.;
analgesic, antineuralgic, and antiiiyretic. Dose ('iiii'ioi', amnion]. Without an amnion.
gr. x-.\xx (0.65-2.0). Anandria [iin-an' -dre-ah) \av priv.; avijp,
Analgesia {an-al-je' -ze-ah) [d priv.; aAyoq, man]. Lack of virility impotence. ;
pain]. Insensibility to or absence of pain. Anapeiratic (cin-ap-i-rat' -ik) [aia-fifmadai,

Analgesic (aii-al-jc'-sik) [d priv.; h'kyoq, to do again]. Due to excessive use of cer-
]iain]. I. Anodyne; relieving pain. 2. Af- tain parts, or of certain muscles, as in writers'
fected with analgesia. 3. A remedy tliat and telegraphers' cramp.
relieves pain. Anaphases {an-a/-a^-sez) [drd, up; (pntrir;, a.
Analgesin (an-al'-je-siti). See Antipyriii. phase]. The phenomena of karyokinesis

Analgia {an-aF-jik) \av priv.; a'/ôq, pain]. immediately preceding the formation of the
Analgesic. daughter stars, and up to the formation of
Analgine. Synonym of Creolin. the resting daughter nuclei.
Analogous [an-aF -o-gus) [di'd/lojor, conform- Anaphia [an-a' -fe-ah) [dvpriv.; d^//, touch].
able]. Conforming to, proportionate, answer- Defect in the sense of touch.
-
ing t<>.
Anaphoresis {lUi af-or-e'-sis) \jiv priv.;
Analogue [an'-al-og) \Jivakoyoc, , conform- (Ixifihiv, to
carry]. diminution A in the
able]. A part or organ having the same activity of the sweat-glands.
function as another, but with a difference of Anaphrodisia (ân-af-ro-diz' -e-ali) \liv priv.;
structure. The correlative term, homologue, 'A(pf)oiyiTr/, Venus]. Absence or impairment
denotes identity of structure with difference of sexual aiipctite.
of function. The wing of the butterfly and Anaphrodisiac {an-af-ro-diz' -e-ak') \liv priv.;
that of the bird are analogous but the wing of ,
Venus].
'A<i)i>oiîT//,
I. Relating to, affected
a bird and the arm of a man arc homologous. by, or causing anaphrodisia. 2. An agent
Analysis (iin-aV -is-is) \jiva71iEiv ,\.a unloose]. that allays the sexual desire.
The resolution of a compound body into its Anaplastic \Jiva-iaaauv to
[an-ap-las'-tik) ,
constituent parts. A., Gasometric, the buildup], Relating to anaplasty ; restor-

r.
determination of the constituents of gaseous ing a lost or defective part. 2. An agent
com|K)unds, especially the determination of that facilitates repair.

the amount of oxygen in samples of atmos- Anaplasty (im' -ap-las-te) [dra-zdaafrr, to
pheric air. A., Gravimetric, the quantita- build up]. An operation for the restoration
tive determination by weight of the elements of lost parts ; plastic surgery.
of a body. A., Organic, the determination Anapnograph [an ap^-no-graf)[!iva-:rva{], res-
of the elements of matter formed under the piration ; yjHuin- IV, to write]. An apjiaratus
influence of life. The analysis of animal registering the movements of ins])iration and
and vegetable tissues. A., Proximate, the expiration, together with the quantity of air
determination of the simpler compound into inhaled.
which a substance may be resolved. A., Anapnoic [an-ap-no'-ilc) [drd, against; (1t-
Qualitative, the determination of the nature 10/a, want of breath]. Relieving dyspnea.
of the elements that compose a bo<ly. A., Anapophysis {an-a/t-off'-is-is) [di'd,
back ;
Quantitative, the determination of the jmo- an offshoot]. An accessory process

ii-iioi'nir.
portionate parts of the various elements of a of a lumbar or dorsal vertebra, corresponding

com[ioun'I. A., Spectral, the determination to the inferior tuiiercle of the transverse pro-
of the composition of a body by means of cess of a typical dorsal vertebra.
the spectroscope. A., Ultimate, the reso- Anarthria {an-ar' -thrc-ah') [di- priv.; ajtliiuiv,
lution of a compound into its ultimate ele- articulation]. Defective articulation.
ANASARCA ANDROGYNEITY
Anasarca \_avd, through;
[an-ah-sar'-kah) Morbid, or Pathologic, a study of diseased
tsap^, the flesh]. An
accumulation of serum structures. A., Physiognomic, the stud_y
in the subcutaneous areolar tissues of the of expressions depicted upon the exterior of
the body, especially upon the face. A.,
body.
Anasarcous {an-ah-sar'-kus) \_ava, through ; Regional, ^ study of limited parts or regions
Aftected with anasarca. of the body, the divisions of which are col-
capi, the flesh].
Anaspadias [an-as-pa' -de-as) \_ava, up (XTrd- ; lectively or peculiarly afl'ected by disease,
Eiv, to draw]. A
urethral opening upon the injury, operations, etc. A., Surgical, the
ujiper surface of the penis. application of anatomy to surgery. A., To- ^
Anastaltic [an-as-tal'-tili) \avaaTa):TiKo(;, pographic, the anatomy of a part in its rela-
checking, putting back]. I. Strongly astrin- tion to other parts. A., Veterinary, the
gent. 2. Centripetal ;
afferent. anatomy of domestic animals.
Anastasis {an-as' -tasis) [dmtrraCT^f, a setting Anatriptic {an-at-rij>'-tik) [avarpiil'iq, a rub-
up]. Recovery; convalescence. bing]. A
medicine to be applied by rub-
Anastatic {an-as-tat'-ik) \avaaraaiq, a set- bing.
ting up]. Tending to recovery; restorative. Anaxone (
an aks' - on
-
) [di' priv. ; axis,
Anastole {iin-as' -to-le) \jn'aaro/ii^ retracted]. axle-tree]. A neurone devoid of axis-
of also called cimairine
shrinking away, as of the
Retraction cylinder jjrocesses it is
; lips ;
a wound. cell.
Anastomosis [cin-as-to-ino' -sis) \h.vacT0ii6ELv ,

Anazoturia {an-az-ot-u'-re-ah) [av priv. ;
to bring to a mouth]. I. The intercommunica- azotuin, nitrogen ; ovpov, urine]. condi- A

tion of blood-vessels. 2. The establishment of a tion of deficient excretion of nitrogen in the
communication between two hollow parts, or urine, the urea being chiefly diminished.
between two distinct portions of the same or- Anchusin [ang'-ku-siii) [iixovna, alkanet],
gan. See A., Intestinal. A., Crucial, an C^jH^jOg. The red coloring matter found in
arterial anastomosis in the upper part of the alkanet-root. See Alkanet.
-
-
kil - o -glos' -
thigh, formed by the anastomotic branch of
e
Anchyloglossia {'^'ig ah)
the sciatic, the first perforating, the internal [<(}/v/'^//, aloop; y/tJOffa, tongue]. Tongue-
circumflex, and the transverse branch of the tie.
external circumflex arteries. A., Intestinal, Anchylosis [ang-kil-o'-sis). See Ankylosis.

an operation consisting in establishing a Anchylostomiasis ( ang-kil-o-sto-»ii' -as-is )
communication between two parts of the \_anclivlosti'n/u»i'\.
The morbid condition
intestine. depending upon the presence of anchylosto-
Anastomotic [ini-as-fo-mof' -ik) \_fivaaTn/i6en', mum duodenale in the intestines.
- -
to bring to a Pertaining to anasto- Anchylostomum ang -
kil -os' to vniiti )
mouth]. (
mosis. [d;ht'/.of, crooked OTy//« mouth]. A genus

;
Anastomotica magna. See Arteries, Table of nematoid worms of which the species A.
duodenale is sometimes found in the human
"f- . .... intestine. It jjroduces a condition analogous
Anatherapeusis [aii-atk-er-ap-ii^-sis) [(."(i,
forward ; OtpaTTfraiQ, medical treatment]. to pernicious anemia. See Parasites, Animal,
Treatment by increasing doses. 7'al'le of, in Gould's Illustrated Dictionary.
Anatomic (an-at-om'-ik) {avmoiua, anat- Ancipital {an -

sip' -it
-
al) [;/;/<</.*•, double].
omy]. Pertaining to anatomy. A. Tuber- Two-edged.
cle. See Verruca iiecrogenica. Anconagra ang-kon-a' -grah ) \JiyKLr, the
(
Anatomist [nn-at'-o/n-ist) [(ivaTniiin, anat- elbow; iiypa, a seizure].
Arthritic pain at
omy]. ( )ne who is skilled in anatomy. the elbow.

Anatomy {an-at'-o-me) \a\aro}j.'ia\ The Anconal, Anconeal {ang'-kon-al, ang-ko'-
science of the structure of organs or of organic ne-al) [d;\<jj', the elbow]. Pertaining to
bodies. A., Applied, anatomy as concerned the elbow.
in the diagnosis and treatment of pathologic Anconeus [ang-ko-ne'-iis) \_<iyiMv, the elbow].
conditions. A., Comparative, the investi- See Muscles, Table of.
gation and com])arison of the anatomy Ancyroid ( an' - sir - oid) \_h)Kvpn, anchor;
of different orders of animals or of plants, f]i\iv-, form]. Shaped like an anchor.
one with another. A
Descriptive, a, Androgalactozemia [an dro gal-ak-to-ze' - - -
study of the separate and individual 7ne'ah) \jiv)ip, man jo/ia, milk CW'/", loss].
, ;
portions of the body, apart from their The presence of milk in the male mamma.
relationshi]i to surrounding parts. A., Gross, Androgyna [an droj' -inah) [('ov)/), man
-
;
anatomy dealing with the naked-eye ap- } I'lv), woman]. An

hermaphrodite a female ; \
pearance of tissues. A., Homologic, the in whom the genital organs are similar to
study of the correlations of the several parts those of the male. ,
of the body. A., Microscopic, or Minute, Androgyneity [an droj in-c' it c) [div/p, - - - -
|
that studied under the microscope. A., man; jm'/;, woman]. Hermaphroditism.
ANDROGYNUS ANESTHETIC
Androgynus [an-droj'-iu-m:) \jivi/p, man; flower]. A
genus of ranunculaceous herbs,
yvv)j,
An hermaphrodite. A male
woman]. most of which have active medicinal and
with genital organs similar to those of the fe- poisonous (pialities. See I'lilsatiila.
male. Anemonin [an-em'-o-tiin) [avqiuvij, wind-
t^n&vology {aii-droF-o-jd) [avijp, man ; 'Auyo^, flower], C,5H,/Jg. The active principle
science]. I. The science of man, especially of the Anemone. It given is in bronchitis,
of the male sex. 2. The science of the dis- asthma, and spasmodic cough. Dosegr. ],(-
eases of the male genitourinary organs. U (0.016-0.048) twice daily.
Andromania ( an-dro-ma' -nc-ah ) [fa'///-), a Anencephalia {att-en-sef-a' -le-ah) [iiv priv.;
man fiavla, madness] Nymjjhomania.
;
.
h/KtipaXo^, brain]. Absence of the brain.
Androphobia {ân-di-o-fo' -bc-ah) [('/iv/p, man ;
Anencephalic {an-cn-sef-al'-il;) \jiv priv.;
(f)i'>;->or, dread]. Fear or dislike of the male kyiiifa/jK;, l^rain]. Pertaining to or charac-
sex. terized by anencephalia.
Anelectrode iân-cl-ek'-lrdd^ [div;, upward ;
Anencephalus [an en-se/^-alus) [rlr priv.;
elect7-ode\.
The positive pole of a galvanic t}w0a/.of, brain]. A species of single auto-
battery. sitic monsters in which there is no trace of
Anelectrotonic [an-el-ek-tro-ion' -ik^ \jiv the brain.
priv.; ///if/cr/ir)!',
amber ; rtii'of, tension]. Re- Anergia (an-er^-je-ah) [av priv.; epyov,
lating to anelectrotonus. work]. Sluggishness ;
inactivity.
Aneiectrotonus (ân-el-ek-trot' -o-nus) \hv Anergic {an-er^-Jih) [îiv priv.; epyov, work].
priv.; ij/eKTpov, electricity; rdi'of, tension]. Characterized by sluggishness; as anergic
The decreased present in a
irritability that is dementia.
nerve in the neighborhood of the anode. Aneroid [afi^-er-oid) [a priv.; vr/pnc, wet;
Anel's Probe, or Sound, a fine probe used f/f5o(;, form]. Working without a fluid. A.
in operations upon the lacrymal passages. Barometer. See Barometer.
A. Syringe, a syringe used in injecting fluids Anerythropsia [an-er ith-rop'-se-ah) [<iv
into the lacrymal passages. priv.; red; 6i/)<f, sight].
£()v6p6g, Impaired
Anemia ((^?«-t'''-w^-c?//)
[r/rpriv. a///«, blood]. ; color perception of red.
Deficiency of blood as a whole, or deficiency Anesthesia, or Anaesthesia [an-es-the^-ze-ah)
of the number of the red corpuscles, or of [iivatatii/dia,
want of feeling]. A condition
the hemoglobin. It may he: general ox loeal. of total or partial insensibility, particularly
Local anemia, or ischemia, is the result of to touch. A., Central, due to disea.se in the
mechanical interference with the circulation nerve centers. A., Crossed, anesthesia on
of the affected part. General anemia is either one side of the body, due to a central lesion of
idiopathic or symptomatic. A., Cytogenic. the other side. A. dolorosa, severe pain ex-
Synonym of A., Idiopathic. A., Essen- perienced after the occurrence of complete
tial, l-iynonym of A., Idiopathic. A., motor and sensory paralysis, a symptom ob-
Idiopathic, one in which the lesion is in the served in certain diseases of the spinal cord.
blood or the blood-making organs. A. A., Local, that limited to apart of the body.
lymphatica. Synonym of Hodgkin''s Dis A., Muscular, loss of the muscular sense.
ease. See Lvviphadenonia. A., Primary. A., Peripheral, that depending upon
See A.,
Idiopathic. A., Secondary, or changes in the peripheral nerves. A., Prim-
Symptomatic, that due to a distinct cause, ary, a temporary insensibility to slight pain
as hemorrhage, cancer, wasting discharges, occurring in the beginning of anesthesir. and
poisons, etc. during which minor operations can be per-
Anemic (a)i-em'-ilc) [ar priv.; aina, blood]. formed. A., Surgical, that induced by the
Pertaining to anemia. A. Infarct, a wedge- surgeon by means of anesthetics for the pur-
shaped area of coagulation-necrosis occurring pose of preventing ]iain, producing relaxation
in organs possessing terminal arteries. It is of muscles, or for diagnostic pur|ioses.
the result of the sudden stopping of such an Anesthetic, or Anaesthetic [an-es-t/iet^-ik)
artery by a thrombus or an embolus. A. [«!• priv. ; a;(Tff?;(7/«, feeling]. I.Without feel-
Murmur, a murmur heard in anemic condi- ing; insensible to touch or jiain. 2. sub- A
tions, Soft and blowing in character, and stance that ]iroduces insensibility to touch or
disap]iearing with the anemia. It is gener- to pain, diminished muscular action, and other
ally heard over the base of the heart. A. jihenomena. Anesthetics general, may be
Necrosis, the coagulation-necrosis of tissues local, partial, A., General ;
and complete.
resulting from the sudden stoppage of the the following are the substances that iiave
supplying artery. been used for general anesthesia: Amyi.f.NE,
Anemometer [an - cm om'- et er) [(/rfz/nr,
- -
G,,II,i, [Penfa/), a thin, colorless, translu-
wind; //.'V/i'i/, a measure]. An instrument cent li(|uid ; action rapid, producing par-
for measuring the velocity of the wind. tial aneslhesia. ll should not be brougiit
Anemone {(in-em' -u-ne') [(ivf/zw/v/,
wind near a flame. Carbon Tktr.m hi hkid.
ANESTHETIC ANESTHETIC
not so irritating to the organs of respiration, plied, produces absence of sensation in the
but far more dangerous tlian chloroform. organ or tissue so treated. Ah'ohol, locally,
Chloral Hydrate, action indirect and in- removes sensation to pain, while tactile sense
complete, and rarely, if ever, now used. persists. Cool the alcohol to about 10° below
Chloroform, by inhalation. Largely em- the freezing point, by placing it in ice and salt,
in
general surgery. It seems to have and place the part to be numbed in it. Car-
ployed
a selective action upon the nervous system, —
bolic Acid painted over the skin its action,
and also exercises a direct influence upon however, is caustic. Chlorethyl, in vapor
the muscular tissues of the heart. It par- form, is useful in minor and dental surgery.
alyzes the vasomotor system, and death Chlorid or Methyl, CH3CI, allowing the
results from cardiac paralysis. Chloroform liquid chlorid to drop on the skin or mucous
should always be administered freely mixed membrane. Unless kept carefully under con-
with air. The Lister Method, also known trolthe vitality of the tissues may be affected
as the Scotch or Open i7/^///(?(/of administering by the substance. COCAIN is used in subcu-
chloroform, consists in pouring a small taneous injections, by painting over mucous
amount of the anesthetic upon a common or cutaneous surfaces, or, in the case of the eye,
towel arranged in a square of six folds, and by instillation. As a paint, a 20 per cent, solu-
is used, weaker
holding this as near to the face as can be tion preparations being of little
borne without inconvenience. Ethkne value over cutaneous surfaces several coats
;
Chlorid, formerly called ethylene chlorid, are necessary. A 10 per cent, solution
Dutch liquid, chloric ether, closely resembles should be used on mucous surfaces ; for the
chloroform, but is less depressant to the heart, eye a 2 to 4 percent, solution will answer, and
and is considered safer than chlorofonn. this solution is strong enough when cocain is
Death from paralysis of the respira-
results employed as a spray. Hypodermically,
tory centers.Ether, by inhalation, is TTLij-v of a 10 to 20 pier cent, solution are
probably the safest known agent for the usually injected, and this may be repeated two
production of prolonged narcosis. Its action or three times during the operation. DisuL-
is directed largely to the nervous system, FHID OF Carbon, by spray or irrigation, is
which becomes profoundly affected. It a local anesthetic, but has a disgusting
frequently causes spasmodic action and odor and is a powerful poison. Ether,
suspension of respiration. Death results in spray, is also a local anesthetic. The anes-
from paralysis of respiration. It may be thesia thus produced is confined to the skin,
administered alone or in combination with and is very transient. It may produce a
nitrous oxid gas, in which case the patient slough from excessive freezing. Rhk;oi,ene,
is more rapidly narcotized. Ethidene in spray, its use being similar to that of
Chlorid is similar in its action to chloro- ether. A. Mixtures contain combinations
form. Patients take a longer time to recover of substances for producing anesthesia. The
consciousness than when chloroform is used, following are the most important A. C. E.
but they experience fewer after-effects. An- Mixture: — alcohol,
:
sp. gr. .838, i part;

esthetization occurs in from 3 to 5 minutes. chlorofonn, sp. gr. 1. 497, 2 parts ; ether, sp.
Hydrobromic Ether {bromid of ethyl) gi"- -ySS. 3 parts. Billroth's chloro-:
—
produces unconsciousness and anesthesia in form 3 parts, alcohol and ether each I
one minute, and complete muscular relaxa- part. Linhart'S: —
alcohol l, chlorofonn
tion in two or three minutes. The heart's It is administered similarly to chlo-
action is somewhat weakened. Return to
4.
roform. Martindale's : a —volumetric
consciousness after withdrawal of the ether mixture, the ingredients of which evaporate
is very
prompt. Its use may be followed by almost uniformly it consists of absolute al-
;
vomiting. According to some observers, cohol, sp. gr. .795, one volume; chloroform,
death results from cardiac failure, while others sp. gr. 1.498, two volumes; pure ether, sp.
believe it kills by direct action upon the res- gr. .720, three volumes. Medico-Chirur-
piratory center. It is best administered by GicAL Society of London: —
ether 3,
an Allis inhaler, and is of most service in chloroform 2, alcohol I. Methylene, or
minor surgery for short operations. Nitrous Methylene Bichlorid: a mixture of —
Oxid, by inhalation, is much used by den- methylic alcohol 30 per cent., and chloroform
tists as an anesthetic in the extraction of 70 per cent. The so-called '^Liquid of
teeth. The symptoms resemble those of ReguauhV consisted of 80 percent, chloro
it is more
asphyxia hence important to watch form, 20 per cent, methylic alcohol. Methy-
the respiration than the pulse. It may be lene is not much used, several deaths from
employed in minor surgical operations. cardiac paralysis having occurred from its em-
There are but few after-effects, those most ployment.
—
Nussbaum's: ether 3, chloro-
often observed being headache and malaise. form I, alcohol I. Richardson's: alcohol —
A., Local, an anesthetic that, locally ap- 2, chlorofonn 2, ether 3. Sanford's the :
—
ANESTHETIZATION ANGINA
so-called "Chlouamyl," is a mixture of rysm a vein.
into An Aneurysmal Varix
chloroform and amyl nitrate in the proportion results from the establishment of a communi-
of two drains of the nitrate to tlie pound of cation between an artery and a vein, the
chloroform. It is a dangerous mixture, both latter becoming dilated and A.,
pulsating.
Vienna Gen-
drugs depressing the heart. Berard's, a varicose aneurysm with the sac
—
eral Hospital: ether 9, chloroform 30, in the tissues inunediately around the vein.
alcohol 9. Vienna Mixture ether 3, :
— A., Cardiac, an aneurysm of the heart.
chloroform I. VoN Merino's :— chloroform A., Cirsoid, a tortuous lengthening and
one volume, dimethylacetal two volumes. dilatation of a part of an artery. A., Com-
It is said not to produce failure of respiration pound, one in which one or several of the
or heart, nor lowering of the blood pres- coats of the artery are ruptured and the
sure. Wachmuth's :
—
one-fifth part of oil others merely dilated. A., Consecutive,
of turpentine is added to the chloroform. or Diffused, follows rupture of all the arterial
It is said to prevent any danger of heart- coats with infiltration of surrounding ti.ssues
f;iilure. with blood. A., Dissecting, one in which
Anesthetization [an-es-thel-iz-a' -shuii^ \_av- the blood forces its way between the coats
aiaHijTOQ, insensible]. The act of placing of an artery. A., Ectatic, an expansion
under the iniluence of an anesthetic. of a portion of an artery due to yielding
Anesthetize [an-es' -thet-iz) [avalaO/iro^, inof all the coats. A.,' Endogenous, one
sensible]. To put under the influence of an formed by disease of the vessel walls. A.,
anesthetic. Exogenous, one due to traumatism. A.,
Anesthetizer (an-es'-thet-i-zer') \avalaOii-oc, False, or Spurious, one due to a rupture
insensible]. One who administers an anof all the coats of an artery, the effused blood
esthetic. being retained by the surrounding tissues.
Anethol (an'-ethol^ \ava, up; aiftsiv, to A., Fusiform, a spindle shaped dilatation
burn; chief con-
o/ea//i, oi\^, C^^^ll^.,0. The of the artery. A., Sacculated, a sac-like
stituent of the essential oils of anise and dilatation of an artery communicating with
fennel. It is employed in preparing the the main arterial trunk by an opening that is
Elixir anethi, N. F., being more fragrant relatively small. A., Park's, a variety of
and agreeable than the anise oil. arteriovenous aneurysm in which the arterial
Anethum (an-e' -thitni^ [aiv/ôy, anise]. Dill ;
dilatation communicates with two contigu-
the dried fruit of Pc'tiiredanum gravco/c'tts, ous veins. A., Pott's. Same as Aneurys-
indigenous to Southern Europe. It is aro- mal Varix. A., Rodrigues', a varicose
matic, carminative, and stimulant. A., aneurysm in which the sac is immediately
Aqua (B. P.). Dose .^ j-ij (32.0-64.0). contiguous to the artery. A., Spurious.
A., Oleum (B. P.). D"ose Ti\, j-iv (0.065- See A., False. A., Varicose. See .-/. ,
0.26). Arterio 7'euoits.

Aneuria [ah-nu^-rc-ali) [a priv.; vEvpav, a Aneurysmal [aii-ii-riz'-t/ial) [avevpvaiin, a
nerve]. Lack of nervous power. widening]. Of the nature of or pertaining

Aneuric {(ih-)in'-rik)\_a priv.; vtvpov, a iierve]. to an aneurysm. A., Varix. See Aneurysm.
Characterized by aneuria. Angeio- [an'-je-o). See Anglo-.
Aneurysm [(Vi'-ii-rizni) [«rf('ifi7;(Tw«, a widen- Angelica {an-jel'-ik-ali) [L. ].
The seeds
ing]. A circumscribed dilatation
of the and root of Angeliea archangelica. It is an
walls of an artery. The symptoms of aneu- aromatic stimulant and emmenagogue. Dose
rysm depend upon the location of the aneu- of the seeds or roots, gr. xxx-_:î (2.0-4.0).
rysmal tumor. Expansile pulsation and a Angel's Wing

[dn^-jelz 7ving).
deform- A
bruit are important; very significant are the ity of the scapula in
which it turns forward
so-called pressure-symptoms, which vary with and then backward, giving the shoulder a
the organ or part pressed upon. A., Abdo- peculiar dorsal bulge.
minal, one of the abdominal aorta. A., a
Angiectasis (an-Je-e/y-las-i.T) [ayj'eloi',
Ampullary, a small saccular aneurysm it ; blood-vessel; iKTaoig, dilatation]. Abnor-

is most common in the arteries of the brain. mal dilatation of a vessel.
A. by Anastomosis, a dilatation of a large Angiitis, or Angeiitis [anje-i^-tis) [ayyfiox;
—
number of vessels small arteries, veins, and a vessel iriq, inllammation]. Inflammation
capillaries
—
the whole forming a pulsaling
;
of a lymiih-vessel or a blood-vessel.
to
tumor under the skin. This form of aneurysm Angina [an'-jin-ali or au-ji'-nah'] {iingere^
A., Ar- Any disease attended by a .sense
is
especially seen upon the scalp. strangle].
of choking or an
terio-venous, the simultaneous rupture of sufibcation, particularly
an artery and a vein, the blood from both affection of the fauces or pharynx presenting
being poured out into the cellular tissue and such symptoms. A. acuta or simplex,
forming a false aneurysm. A Varicosr Aiifn- simple sore throat. A. externa. Synonym
lysni is produced by the rupture of an
aneu- of Mumps. A. laryngea. Synonym of
ANGINOID ANGIOSPASTIC
Laryngitis. A. lingualis. Same as Glos- Angiology (an-je-ol' -o-je) [a}')'f7oi',

a vessel ;
sitis. A. Ludovici, or A., Ludwig's, '/.o-)0(;, science]. The science of the blood-
acute suppurative inflammation of the con- vessels and lymphatics.
nective tissue surrounding the submaxillary Angiolymphitis {ân-je-o-livtf-i' -tis). Same
glands. A. membranacea. Synonym of as Angioleucitis.
Diphtheria. A. parotidea, the mumps, or Angiolymphoma (tin-je-o-limf-o' -mali') \ay-

Parotitis. A. pectoris, a paroxysmâl )£'tof, a vessel ; lynipha, lymph ; ofia, tumorj.
neurosis with intense pain and oppression A tumor formed of lymphatic vessels.
about the heart. It usually occurs in the Angioma [an-je-o'-inali) \ayyfLov, a vessel ;
male after forty years of age, and is generally oua, a tumor]. A

tumor formed of blood-
associated with diseased conditions of the vessels. A., Cavernous, an angioma with
lieart and aorta. There is a sense of im- communicating blood spaces, like the caver-
pending death, and frequently there is a nous tissue of the penis. A., Telangiectatic,
fatal termination. A. pectoris vasomo- an angioma composed of dilated blood-ves-
toria, a term given by Nothnagel and Landois sels.
to an angina associated with vasomotor dis- h.x\^\or^3\2^:.\2,{aii-je-o-inal-a' -se-ali) \lr. yelnv,
turbances, coldness of the surface, etc. A., a vessel ua'/xiKia, a softening].
;
Softening
Pseudo-, a neurosis occurring in anemic of the blood-vessels.
females, characterized by a less grave set of Angiometer {an je-om'-et-er'). See Sphyg-
symptoms and never resulting fatally. A. 7)iograph.
simplex. See A. acti/a. A. tonsillans. Angioneurosis [an je-o-nn-ro' -sis) ^jiyyc'iov ,
Quinsy. A. trachealis, Crcup. A. ul- a vessel rtvfinv, a nerve].

;
A neurosis of
cero-membranus. See Tonsi/litis, Herpetic. the blood-vessels a disturljance of the vaso-
;
Anginoid [an'-jin-oid) [aw^^fr^", to strangle]. motor system, either of the nature of a spasm
Resembling angina. of the blood-vessels (Angiospasm) or of
Anginose (an-jin' -ose') \angere, .to strangle]. paralysis [Angioparalysis) .
Pertaining to angina; characterized by symp- Angioneurotic (an-je-o-mi-rot' -ik) \h.yynov,

toms of suft'ocation. a vessel; vevpov, a nerve]. Pertaining to
Angiocholitis (an-je-o-ko-W -tis') \ayyEiov, a angioneurosis. A. Edema, an acute circum-
vessel KoA^, bile ; «r<f, inflammation].
;
In- scribed swelling of the subcutaneous or sub-
flammation of the biliary ducts. mucous tissues, probably due to vasomotor
Angioderma pigmentosum {an-jc-o-der'- lesion. The
disease often runs in families.
mah pig-nwn-to' -311171). See Atrophoderma. It is at times periodic and is associated with
Angiogenesis, Angiogeny [att-je-o-jen^-es- colic and gastric disturbances.

is, aij-je-og'-en-e) [hyyflov, a vessel ; yevvav, Angioparalysis ( an -je-o -par - al'- is - is )
to produce]. The development of the vessels. [a}}f;or, a vessel; 7rapd2.vaic, paralysis].
Angioglioma [an-je-o gli-o'-riinh) [ayyEiov, a Vasomotor paralysis.
vessel ; glionia'\.
A
glioma rich in blood- Angioparalytic ( an -Je-o -par -al-it'- ik )
vessels. [(}} }
a vessel Ttnpa'Avatq, paralysis] Re-
f/oi', ;
.
Angiograph [an^ -je-o-graf)\_a)jdov, a vessel ; lating to or characterized by angioparalysis.

ypaoFir, to write]. A
variety of sphygmograph. Angioparesis (an-je-opar' -es-is) \iiy^, c'tov a ,
Angiography {an-je-og' -ra-fe) \ayytlov, a vessel ; paresis]

TTcipeatQ,Partial paralysis .
vessel; }/j(ic!i;/, a writing]. description of A of the vasomotor apparatus.

the vessels ; angiology. Angiopathy [an-je-op'-a-the) \hy'y'E'iov, a ves-
Angiokeratoma (an jc - -
o ker- at - o'-Jtiah)
-
sel; TvaOoc, disease]. Any disease of the
[a}')f(or, a vessel ; Kiipnq, horn o//a, tumor],
: vascular system.
l.ymphangiectasis Telangiectatic warts; a
; Angiorrhexis [an-je-o-reks^ -is) \(iyy'Eiov,
a
very rave disease of the extremities charac- vessel; piiîz, a bursting]. Rupture of a
terized by warty-looking growths that de- blood-vessel.
velop on dilated vessels in persons with Angiosarcoma (
an -je-o
-
sar- ko' - mah )
chilblains, etc. Dark vascular spots the size \jr. n<n\ a vessel adpS,, flesh
;. ; ; hjia, a tumor].
of pins' points or pins' heads, develop as A vascular sarcoma.
an attack of chilblains is subsiding. The Angiosialitis {an-je-o-si-al-i' -tis) \h.yyfiov,
a
disease is peculiar to childhood. vessel; saliva; itk;, inflammation].
aia'/nv,
Angioleucitis {nn-je-o-ln-si'-tis) [a}}f/or, a Inflammation of the duct of a salivary gland.
vessel; '/tvKoq, white; iriq,
inflammation]. Angiosis [îiyynov, a vessel].
[ati-je-o'-sis)
Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. Any disease of blood-vessels or lymphatics.
Angiolithic {nu-je-o-lith^-ik) \(iyyftnv, a ves- Angiospasm {an' -je-o-spazm) [oj^je/or, a ves-
sel ; 'AiHor,a.
stone]. A term applied to neo- sel ; <77r«(T«of, a spasm]. A
vasomotor spasm.
plasms in which crystalline or mineral de- Angiospastic [an-je-o-spas'-tii-) [«;, ^fvor, a
posits take place, with hyaline degeneration vessel a-aaaoc;, spasm].
; Characterized by
of the coats of the vessels. or of the nature of angiospasn.
ANGIOSTENOSIS ANHEMATOSIS
Angiostenosis [tui-jc-o-sten-o'-sis) \ayyzlov, of an object and the nodal point. The small-
a vessel cr-trwff/r, a narrowing].
;
Narrow- est is about 30 seconds. A. of Polarization,
ing of a vessel. in optics, the angle of reflection at wiiich
-
Angiotelectasia [an je
-
o-lel -ck -
ta'- ze-ah) light is most completely |)olarized. A.
[(i;. }t/ur, a vessel ; rk'koc,, end; iuracu;, dila- of the Pubes, that formed by the junction
tation]. Dilatation of the blood-vessels. of the j)ubic bones at the symphysis. A. of
Angiotomy {an-jc-ot'-o-inc) \_ayyuoi', a ves- Reflection, in optics, that which a reflected
sel ; to////, a cutting]. Incision into a vessel. ray of light makes with a line drawn perpen-
Angle, Angulus [ang'-gl or ang'-gu-lns) dicular to the point of incidence. A. of
an angle]. I. A corner. 2. The Refraction, in optics, that which exists
[////vvc/z/'i,
degree of divergence of two lines or planes between a refracted ray of light and a line
thai meet each other the sjiace between two
; drawn perpendicular to the i>oint of inci-
such lines. A. of Aberration. 'Ae&A.of dence. A., Sacro-vertebral, that which
Dfvialion. Acromial, that formed
A., the sacrum forms with the last lumbar
between the head of the humerus and the vertebra. A., Sterno-clavicular, that exist-
clavicle. A., Alpha. In optics, that formed ing between the clavicle and the sternum.
by the intersection of the visual line and A., Subcostal. See .-/., Costal. A., Sub-
optic axis. A., Alveolar, that formed be- pubic, that formed at the pul)ic arch. A.
tween a line passing through a spot beneath Visual. See A. Optic. A., Xiphoid, that
the nasal spine and the most prominent point formed by the sides of the xiphoid notch.
of the lower edge of the alveolar process of Anglesey Leg [aug'-gl-se leg) [so called after
the sujierior maxilla and the cei)halic hori- the Marcpiis of
Anglesey]. An artilicial
zontal line. A. of Aperture, in optics, that limb formed from a solid piece of wood hol-
included between two lines joining the op- lowed out to receive the stump and provided
posite points of the periphery of a lens and with a steel joint at the knee. The ankle-
the focus. A., Biorbital, in optics, that joint was made of wood, to which motion
formed by the intersection of the axes of the was communicated by strong cat-gut strings
orbits. A., Costal. The angle formed by and a spiral spring
posteriorly anteriorly.
the meeting of ribs at the ensiform cartilage. Angophrasia {ting-go-fra' -ze-ali) \h)xti-r, to
A., Critical, that made by a beam of light choke; ^pdaif, utterance]. A speech-defect
passing from a rarer to a denser medium, consisting of a choking, drawling utterance,
with the perpendicular, without being en- occurring in paralytic dementia.
tirely reflected. A. of Deviation, i. In Anguillula [ang-gioil' -ti-lalt) [dim. of an-
magnetism, the angle traversed by the gicilla, an eel]. A genus of parasitic round
needle when disturbed by some magnetic worms. A., Stercoralis. SQuT/ircad-ivonns.
force. 2. In optics, that formed by a re- Angular [atig^-gu-lar) \_angulus, an angle].
fracted ray and the prolongation of the inci- Pertaining to an angle. A. Artery, the ter-
dent ray. A', of Elevation, in optics, that minal branch of the facial artery. A.
made by the visual plane with its primary Gyrus, or Convolution, a convolution of
position when moved upward or downward. the brain. See Convolutions. A. Move-
A. of Incidence, in optics, the angle at ment, the movement between two bones
which a ray of light strikes a denser medium that may take place forward and backward,
and undergoes reflexion or refraction. A. or inward and outward. A. Processes, the
i of Inclination (of Pelvic Canal), in obstet- external and internal extremities of the
rics, that formed by the anterior wall of the otljital arch of the frontal l)one.
pelvis with the conjugate diameter. A. of Angulus [ang^-gi(-lus). [L.]. .See Angle.
Inclination (of Pelvis), in obstetrics, that Angustura [ang-gus-tu'-rak) [Sp., Angos-
formed by the pelvis with the general line tura, a S. A. town]. Cusparia Bark. The
of the trunk, or that formed by the plane of bark of Galipea cusparia. It is a stimulant
the inferior strait witli the horizon. A. of tonic and febrifuge used in malignant biliou-^
Jaw, the junction of the lower border of fever, intermittent fever, and dysentery. Ii.
the ramus of the mandible with its posterior large doses it is emetic. Dose of fld. ext.
border. A., Limiting. See A., Critical. TTLx-xxx (0.65-2.0) of the bark gr. x-xl
;
A. of the Lips, those formed by the union (0.65-2.6). Unof. Infus. Cuspariae
of the lips at each extremity of the mouth. (I!. P.).
Dose 5J-ij (32.0-64.0).
A., Louis's, that between the manubrium Angusturin (ang-gus' -tu-rin) [Sp., Angos-
and glatliolus of the sternum. A., Lud- tura, a S. A. town]. Synonym of Brucin.
wig's. See A., Louis's. A., Meter-, in Anhelation [an-liel-a'-s/iun) [anliclarc, to
optics, tlie degree of convergence of the pant]. Shortness of breath

dyspnea. ;
I
[
eyes when centered on an oljject one meter Anhamatosis {an/wm-at-o'-sis) [itv priv ;
distant from each. A., Optic, that in- (iiiiaTutir, to make bloody]. Defective for-
cluded between lines joining the extremities mation of the blood.
ANHIDROSIS ANISOTROPAL
Anhidrosis resemblance to the of commerce.gum It
[an-hid-ro'-sis) \jiv priv.; idpiiQ,
Partial or complete absence of occurs in many tissues of the
body, is soluble
sweat].
sweat secretion. in water, and in alkaline solution readily dis-
Anhidrotic (an-hid-rot^-ik) [av priv.; i6pug, solves cupric oxid, the solution not being re-
sweat]. .1. Tending to check sweating. 2. duced on boiling. It yields no coloration

An agent that checks sweating. with iodin, and is very feebly dextrorotatory.
Anhydremia A. Heat, the normal temperature of the
i'J(j/5, water ;
[an hi-dre'-me-afi) [av priv.;
«!//«, blood] .The opposite of —
body in man about 98.5° F. (37° C. ). A.
hydremia. A diminution of the watery con- Magnetism, mesmerism, hypnotism. A.
stituents of the blood. Starch. See Glycogen.
Anhydrid (an-hi'-drid) \_av priv.; viSup, Animalcule [an-im-aF-kiil) \animalculum.,
water]. A chemic compound, particularly a minute animal]. An animal organism so
an acid, formed by the withdrawal of a mole- small as to require the microscope for its ex-
cule of water. Carbon dioxid and sulphur amination.
dioxid are examples. Anime [an'-ivi-e) [Fr. aninie, origin doubt-
,
Anhydrous (an-hi'-drus) [av priv.; v6up, ful]. A

name of various resins, especially
that of Hymencra coiiriaril, a tree of tropical
water]. In chemistry, a term used to denote
the absence of water. America; sometimes used in plaster, etc.
Anideus [an-id'-e-us) [iiv priv.; c/Joc, form]. Unof.
Tlie lowest form of omphalosite, in which Anion [an^-e-on) [ava, up; 'i<l)v, going]. In
the parasitic fetus is reduced to a shapeless an electro-negative element.
electrolysis,
mass of flesh covered witli skin. Aniridia [an-i-rid' -e-ah) [ar, priv.; /p/f, the
Anidrosis [an-id-ro'-sis). See Anhidrosis. rainbow]. Absence or defect of the iris.
Anidrotic {an-id-rot'-ik^. See Anhidrotic. Anisated [ati'-is-a-icd) \_an/suw, anise].
Anilid [an^-il-id) [Arab., al, the till, dark ; Containing anise.
blue]. Compounds formed by the action of Anise [an' -is). See Anistim.
acid chlorids or acid anhydrids upon the ani- Anisic Acid, C^HgOg. Methyl-para-oxy-
lins. They are very stable derivatives. benzoic acid, an oxidation product of anethol.
Anilin [an^-il-iti) [Arab. ,«/, the «//, dark ;
It is antiseptic and antipyretic, and is used in
blue], CpH^N. Amidobenzene formed in ;

the treatment of wounds and acute articu-
the dry distillation of bituminous coal, bones, lar rheumatism. Dose of the sodium salt 15
indigo, isatin, and other nitrogenous sub- grains (i.o).
stances. It is made by reducing nitrobenzene. Anisin [an'-is-in) [anistitn, anise], C22II24-
It is a colorless liquid with a faint, peculiar N.Ôj. A crystalline alkaloid, a derivative
odor, boiling at
183° ;
its sp. gr. at 0° is I.- of anise.
036. When perfectly pure it solidifies on Anisocoria [an-is-o-ko' -rc-ah) \_avinoq, un-
cooling, and melts at —
S°. It is slightly sol- equal; Kopij, pupil]. Inequality of the di-
uble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol ameter of the pupils.
and etlier. Combined with chlorin, the Anisol [an'-is-ol) [(?«m«w, anise], C-HgO.
chlorates and hypochlorites, it yields the Methyl-phenyl ether, produced by heating
various anilin dyes. It is used in chorea and phenol with potassium and methyl iodid 01
epilepsy in one-half grain doses (0.03). Unof. potassium methyl sulphate in alcoholic
Anilism (an' -il-izni) \anilin'\. An acute or solution. It is an ethereal-smelling liquid,
chronic disease produced in workmen in ani- boiling at 152° ;
its sp. gr. at 15° is 0.991.
lin factories by the poisonous fumes. The Anisomelous (an-is-o/n'-el-us) [avtao^, un
symptoms are debility, vertigo, gastro-intesti- equal /li'Auc, a limb].
; Having limbs of un
nal disturbance, and cyanosis. equal length.
Animal [an' -ini-al)\_anima,\}n& spirit, breath, Anisometropia [an -is - - met - ro' - pe ah\
-
or life]. An organism capable of ingesting [ar/crof, uncjual fierpov, a measure

; wi/', tht ;
and digesting food. No sharp line of distinc- eye]. A

difference in the refraction of the
tion exists between the lowest animals and two eyes.
certain vegetables. The higher animals are Anisometropic [an-is-o-met-rop' -ik) \hviaoc^^
distinguished by the power of locomotion and unequal ; n'trpov, a measure; dJi/', the eye]
the ])ossession of a nervous system. A. Affected with anisometropia.
Charcoal, bone-black, ivory-black, etc., is Anisopia [an-is-o'-pe-ak) [ai^cof, unequal
the product of the calcining of bones in cJi/i, eye]. Inequality of visual power in th<»
closed vessels. A. Chemistry, that con- two eyes.

cerning itself with the composition of animal Anisosthenic [an-is-o-sthen'-i/c] \_(iriaor,
un
bodies. A. Electricity, electricity gener- equal ; oHeror, strength]. Not of equal
ated in the body. A. Gum, C,.,H,nO,^ + 2- power used of pairs of muscles.
;
H.jO. A substance prepared from mucin by Anisotropal, Anisotropic, Anisotropous

Landwehr, and so named on account of its [an-is-o-trop' -al, an-is-o-trop' -ik, an-is-et'-
ANKLE-JOINT ANKLE-JOINT
Posterior View of the Ankle-joint —[Sappey.)

Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament. 2. Transverse ligament. 3. Posterior fasciculus of the exter-
nal lateral ligament. 4, 6. Internal lateral ligament. 5. External calcaneo-astragalar ligament.
7. Middle fasciculus of external lateral ligament. 8. Tubercle on outer side of groove for llexor
longus pollicis. 9. Posterior tuberosity of os calcis. 10. Tubercle on inner side of groove for flexor
longus pollicis. 11. Groove on astragalus for flexor longus pollicis. 12. Posterior calcaneo-astraga-
lar ligament. 13. Point of insertion of tendo Achillis.
Vertical Section of Ankle-joint. [HenU-.)

I. Tibialis posticus. Flexor longus digitoruni. 3. Flexor
2. Ii igus hallucis. 4. Astragalus. Astra-
7 Os calcis.
galocalcanean ligament. 6. Peroneus brevis. 7. 8. Peroneus longus.
ANISUM ANODAL
ro-pus) [ar((TOf, unequal
r/»o7rof, turning].;
nematoid worms, one species of which, A.
Not possessing the same light-refracting duodtiialc, is found in the human intestine.
a term applied Ankylostomiasis [ang-kil- os -
to -
niF- as - is)
properties in all directions ;
to doubly refracting bodies. In biology, [aj/ii'/lof, crooked; mouth]. A

avo/ia, a
varying in irritability in different parts or form of pernicious anemia produced by the
organs. presence of the parasite Ankylostoma duodt:-
Anisum {aii'-is-uni) [L.]. Anise. The nale in the human intestine. It is especially
fruit of Ajiisitni piinpinclla. Its properties prevalent among brickmakers and other work-
are due to a volatile oil. It is slightly stimu- men in
Europe. It is called also Doch-
lant to the heart action. It is useful chiefly miasis, Brickmakers' Anemia, Tunnel
to liquefy bronchial secretions, and is there- Anemia, Miners' Cachexia, Egyptian Chlor-
fore a favorite ingredient in cough mi.\tures. osis, etc. Male fern and thymol expel the
Dose gr. x-xx (0.65-1.32). A., Aqua, oil worm.
of anise I, water 5°*^ parts. Dose in- Ankylotia (ang-kil-o' -she-ah) \ayK'vA^, a
definite. A., Essentia (B. P.). Uose rt\^x- noose; ovt;,ear]. Union of the walls of the
XX (0.65-1.3). A., Oleum, an ingredient meatus auditorius.
in tinct. opii camph. Dose n\,)-v (0.065- Annatto [an-at'-o'). See Annotto.
0.32). A., Spiritus, a ten per cent, solution
Annectant [an-ek' -taut)\ad, to nectere, to ;
of the oil in alcohol. Dose 3J-ij (4.0-8.0). bind]. Linking or binding together. A.
A,nitrogenous [ah-ni-troj'-en-iis) [d priv.; Convolutions. See Convolution.
nitrogeii]^. Non-nitrogenous. Annidalin [an-id^-al- in). I. Dithymol
Ankle {ang'-kl) [ME., anclc\ The joint triiodid. A substitute for iodoform and aris-
between the leg and the foot. It is a gin- tol. 2. See Aristol.
glymus joint, with three ligaments, the ante- Annotto (an-ot'-o) [native American]. An-
rior, internal, and external. A-bone, the natto, arnotto. A
coloring matter obtained
astragalus. A. Clonus, the succession of a from the ))ellicles of the seeds of Bixa
number of rhythmic muscular contractions in orellana. It is used to color plasters, and
the calf of the leg, when the foot is suddenly as an artificial color for butter.
flexed by a pressure upon the sole. It is Annuens {an'-it-enz) [^cinnmre, to nod]. The
a symptom of various diseases of the spinal rectus capitis anticus minor muscle.
cord, especially those involving the lateral Annular [du^-u-liif) \_annulus. a ring]. Ring-
pyramidal tracts. A. -jerk. See .-/. Clonus. like. A. Cartilage, the cricoid cartilage.
A. -joint. See Ankle. A. Reflex. See A. Finger, the ring finger. A. Ligament,
A. Clonus. the liganient surrounding the wrist and the
Ankyloblepharon [ang-kil- o-ble/'-ar-on) ankle. A. Muscle of M
tiller, the circular
[ayKvAil, a thong or loop (iMipapov, the ;

fibers of the ciliary muscle. A. Process,
eyelid]. The adhesion of the ciliary edges or Protuberance, the pons varolii. A. Re-
of the eyelids. flex (of macula), a ring-like reflection some-
Ankylochilia {ang-kil-o-ki' -le-ah) [dj/ct'Z^, times seen with the ophthalmoscope around
loop ; jez/lof, lip]. Adhesion of the lips. the macula.
Ankylocolpos (ang-kil-o-koF -pos) [_ayK'v'}ji, a Annulus {an'-u-lus) [ânnnlus, a ring]. A
loop /vo>-o(;, the vagina].
;
Atresia of the ring-shaped or circular opening. A. abdo-
vagina or vulva. minalis, the external or internal abdominal
Ankyloglossia, Ankyloglossum [ang-kil-o- rings. A. abdominis, the inguinal ring.
glos'-e-ali, ang-kil-o-glos' -siif7i) [dyKt'Z//, a A. boundary between the iris and
ciliaris, the
loop; yiuaaa, the tongue]. Tongue-tie. choroid. A. fibrosus, the external part of
Ankylose [ang^-kil-os) [ciju'vlri, a loop]. To the intervertebral discs. A. membranae
be, or to become, consolidated or firmly united. tympani, an incomplete bony ring that fc)rms
Ankylosis [ang-kil-o^-sis) \ji\kv7.)i, a loop]. the fetal auditory process of the temporal bone.
Union of the bones forming an articula- A. osseus, the tympanic plate. A. ovalis,
tion, resulting in a stiff joint. A., Ex- the rounded or oval margin of the Foramen
tracapsular, that due to rigidity of the ovale. A. tracheae, any tracheal ring. A.
parts external to the joint. A., False, or umbilicus, the umbilical ring.
Spurious, is due to the rigidity of surround- Anococcygeal {a-no-kok-sif -e-al) \înus,
ing parts. A., Intracapsular, that due the fundament; kokkvS,, the coccyx]. Per-
to rigidity of the structures within a joint. taining to the anus and the coccyx. A. Lig-
A., True, or Bony, when the connecting ament, a ligament that connects the tip of
material is bone. A., Ligamentous, when the coccyx with the external sphincter ani
the medium is fibrous. muscle.
Ankylostoma, Ankylostomum {ang-kil- Anodal {an' -o-dal) [«!'d, up diWr, a way].
;
os' -to-inaJi, ang-kil-os'-to-iiiuin) [dj /i:(''/of;, Relating to the anode electro-positive.

;
A.
crooked ; aroiia, a mouth] . A genus of Opening Contraction. See Contraction.
ANODE ANTARTIIRITIC
Anode [an^-dd) \_avd, up; o(5of , a way] . The Anotus [an-o'-tus) [hv priv.; oi'r, the ear].
posi(i\c ])ole of a galvanic battery. An earless monstrosity.
Anodontia [ân-o-don'-she-aJi) \Jiv jniv.; Anovesical {a-no-ves'-ik-al) \(inus, the fun-
c;(5(yrr, tooth]. Absence of the teeth. dament vesica, the bladder]. Pertaining
;
Anodyne [<ui'-o-din) [iiv priv. ; oiVvvi/, pain]. conjointly to the anus and urinaiy Idadder.
A medicine that gives relief from pain. A., Ansa (r?;/'-.w//)[L., a " handle."] A loop. A.
Hoffmann's. See Etiier. capitis, the zygomatic arch. A., Haller's,
Anoesia (ati-o-e'-se-a/i) [livoijaia, a want of the loop formed by the nerve
joining the
sense]. Want of understanding. facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. A.,
Anoia [aii-oi'-ah) \_uvoi.a, idiocy]. Synonym Henle's. See Ilcnlc's Loop. A. hypo-
of Idioiy. glossi, a loop formed at the side of the neck
Anomalous {an-oi)i'-al-tis) \jiri.)iialn(^, not by the junction of the descendens noni nerve
ordinary]. Irregular; characterized by de- with branches of the second and third cer-
viation from the common or normal order. vical nerves. A. sacralis, a loop joining
Anomaly (an-om'-al-e) [avufia'kia, irregu- the ganglion impar with the
sympathetic
larity]. A marked deviation from the nor- trunks of the two sides. A. of Vieussens,
mal ;
an abnormal thing or occurrence. a loop extending from the third cervical
gang-
Anonyma {an-on'-iin-ali') [ar priv.; owjui, lion and surrounding the subclavian
artery.
name]. The innominate artery. A. of Wrisberg, the nerve joining the right
Anonymous {cin-on'-iiiiits) \av priv.; uvviia, great splanchnic and right pneumogastric
a name]. Nameless. A. Bone. See In- nerves.
noniinati(ni. Anserine (<?;/^-jif';--/») [(/^/.t^r,
a goose]. Re-
Anophthalmia {an-off thai' tiic -ah)
-
\_av
scml ling a goose. A. Disease, a wasting
priv.; vijjll(i'/i/6r, eye]. Congenital absence of the muscles of the hands, rendering the
of the eyes. A. cyclopica, a congenital tendons unduly prominent, and suggesting tiie
malformation in which the eye-socket is very apjjearance of a goose's foot. A. Skin,
ill-developed and the orbit rudimentary or goose skin.
altogether absent. Antacid {antas'-id) [«;///, against ; aiidiis,
Anophthalmus [iVi-off-thal'-inns) \_av priv. ;
acid]. I. Neutralizing
acidity. 2. A sub-
u(j>tkiAfj6(;, eye]. I.Congenital absence of stance counteracting or neutralizing acidity.
the eyes. 2. A person born without eyes. Antacidin [aitt-as'-id-in). Saccharate of
Anopia (an-o'-pe-ali) \av priv.; wi/(, the eye]. lime.
Absence of sight, especially that due to de- Antagonism (an-tag'-on-izvi) \avTa)ijvii,i(!-
fect of the eyes. 6at, to struggle (Opposition; op-
against].
Anorchia (an-or'-kc-ah'). See AnorcJiisvi. posed action, as of two sets of muscles or of
Anorchism \!iv priv.; upx'X,
{an'-or-ki^.ni)
two remedial agents.
the testicle]. Absence of the testicles. Antagonist {an-tag' -o-nist') [afrajwj7<7r;;c,
Anorexia [an-or-ck' -sc-ah^ \liv priv.; diiC;/^, counteracting]. A
term applied to a drug
appetite]. Absence of appetite. A. nervosa,
that neutralizes thetherapeutic effects of
an hysteric affection occurring chielly in another. In anatomy, a muscle that acts in
young neurotic females, and characterized opposition to another. A., Associated, a
by a great aversion to food. name given to that muscle of a healthy eye
Anorthopia {an-or-tho' -pe-aJi) \Jiv priv.; that turns the globe in the same direction as
opffor, straight ;
defect
o\\nq, vision], i. A the affected muscle of the opposite eye would,
in vision in which do not seem if normal, turn the eye to which it lielcmgs.
straight lines
straight, and parallelism or symmetry is not Antagonistic {an-tag-o-iiis'-tik) \_avTij.)uita-
jiroperly perceived. 2. Squinting obliquity ; rijc, counteracting]. Opposing.
of vision. Antalgic [nnt-al'-jik) [(irr/, against ; a/}"<,',
Anorthosis [an-or-tho' -sis) [ai^priv.; ofiOomir, ])ain]. I. Relieving pain. 2. A remedy
a making straight]. Absence or defect of that relieves pain.
erectility. Antalkaline [nvn, against
[ant-al' -kal-iti) ;
Anosmia I. Neutralizing alkalies. 2. An

(itn-os'-me-ak) [âi> priv.; oa/n/, alkali\
Absence of the sense of smell. as acids.
smell]. agent neutralizing alkalies,
Anosphrasia [an-os-f7-a'-ze-ah) \av priv.; Antaphrodisiac (ant-af-ro-diz'-t'-ak) [I'n'r/,
Absence of the sense of sexual desire]. I. Les-

da(j)i>aala, smell]. against; a0/:K)(5((Tm,
smell. 2. An agent that
venereal desire.
sening
lessens the venereal impulse an anaphro-
Anospinal [a-no-spi'-nal) [ames, the funda- ;
ment spitta, the backbone]. Relating to

;
disiac.
the anus and the sjiinal conl. A. Center, Antapoplectic (<?;// ap- o- ph-k'- (ik) [<iiTi,
a center that contrnls the anal sphincters. (i-()7r/i;/i/(i, apoplexy]. KlVicienl in
against;
It is situated in the lumbar
portion of the preventing or treating apoplexy.
spinal cord. Antarthritic [ant-nrtlirit'ik) [<iir/, against;
5
ANTASTHENIC ANTHRACONECROSIS
dpdpiTiKdg, gouty], i. Relieving gout. 2. Antero-superior (an' -te-ro-su-pe' re-or') \an-
A medicine for tlie relief of gout. /tv/r, forward superior, upper].
; Situated
Antasthenic {ant-as-then' -ik) against in front and above.
\Jivt\, ;
aadki'nta, weakness]. Tending to correct Anteversion {an-te-ver'-rJiun) [ante, before ;

debility and restore the strength. vertere, to turn]. A
turning forward. A. of
Antasthmatic (ant-az-mat'-ik) [air/, against; Uterus, a tilting forward of the uterus.
aatlua, short drawn breath], i. Relieving Anthelix {anf he
- -
liks or an' - the - liks)
asthma. 2. A medicine serving for the [_avdi:'A(^,
inner curvature of the ear].
the
relief of asthma. The ridge surrounding the concha of the ex-
Antebrachium [ân
-
If -
bra'- ke- urn) \_ante, ternal ear jjosteriorly.
before; brachiuiii, the arm]. The forearm. Anthelmintic {an
- the! - min' - tik) \_iivri,
Antecurvature [an-te-ker'-vat-c/iur) \jinte, against i/.fitvr,
;
a worm], i. Efficacious
forward; citrvatus, bent]. forward A against worms. 2. A vermicide.
curvature. Anthemis {an'-tlietn-is) [arWe/z^f, a flower].
Anteflexion before
[an-tc-Jlek'-sJutn) \_antL-, ;
Camomile. The flower-heads of A. 7iol>ilis,
_/fcv/(VV,
to bend] A bending forward. A.
. the properties of which are due to a volatile
of Uterus, a condition in which the fundus oil, a camphor, and a bitter principle. It is
of the uterus is bent forward. useful in coughs and spasmodic infantile com-
Antemetic [ant-em-et'-ik'). See Antiemetic. jilaints, and is an excellent stomachic tonic.
Ante mortem [nn'-ie mor'-teni) [L.]. Be- Infusion of j^ iv to Oj, given in doses of
fore death. ^^j-ij (32.0-64.0). No official preparations.
Antenna [an-ten'-aJi) \J\.vrz'nEiv ,
to stretch A., Extract. (B. P.), dose gr. ij-x (0.13-
out]. In biology, one of the paired, articu- 0.65). A., Infus. (B. P.), dose 3J-iv
lated, sensory appendages of the head of an (32.0-128.0). A., Oleum, the volatile oil
arthropod. of camomile. Dose HI ij-x (0.13—0.65).
Ante partum {an' -te par' -turn) [L.]. Be- Anthemorrhagic {ant-hetn-or-aj'-ik) [<'ut/,
fore delivery. against; blood; payia, a bursting].
aiiia,
Antephialtic {ant-ef-e-al'-tik) [ai'r/, against ; Checking or preventing hemorrhage.
£ij)ia/.Tri(;, nightmare]. Preventive of night- Anthony's Fire, St. A popular name for
mare. erysipelas.
Antepileptic {ant-cp-il-ep'-tik) \avri, against ;
Anthracemia {an-thras-e' -ine-ah) [crflpaf, a
inD.i]\\)ir, epilepsy]. Relieving epilepsy. coal; blood].
a///«, Wool-sorter's disease;
Anteprostatic [an-te-pros-tat' -ik) \_ante, be- splenic fever of animals a disease due to the ;
fore ; TT/jorrrttr/;!,', one who stands before]. presence in the blood of the Bacillus an-
Situated before the prostate. A. Glands, thracis.
certain small accessory glands sometimes Anthracene {an'-thra-sen) [avilpai, a coal],
found between Cowper's gland and the pros- Cj^Hji,. A
hydrocarbon formed from many
tate. carbon compounds when they are exposed to
Anterior {an-tc' -rc-or) \_anierior, forward]. a high heat; also from ci)al-tar. It crystal-
Situated before or in front of; jiertaining to lizes in colorless, monoclinic tables, showing
the part of organ situated toward the ventral a beautiful blue fluorescence dissolves with ;
aspect of the body. A. Poliomyelitis, in- difficulty in alcohol and ether, but easily in
flammation of the anterior horns of the spinal hot benzene melts at 213°.
;
It is the base
cord, giving riKe to a characteristic paralysis, from which artificial alizarin is prepared.
common in children. A. Rotation, the Anthracia {an-thra'-se-ah)[arl>paS, a coal].
forward turning of the presenting part in A name characterized by the
for diseases
labor. formation of carbuncles. A. pestis, the
Antero- {an'-te-ro) \_anterior, before]. A plague. A. rubula. Synonym of Fratn-
prefix signifying position in front. besia.
Antero-inferior (an-te-ro-in-fe' -re-or') [(?«- Anthracic {an'-thras-ik) [avdpat, a coal].
terior, forward ; inferior, lower]. Situated Pertaining to or of the nature of anthrax.
in front and below. Anthracin {an'-thras-in) [avBpa^, a coal].
Antero-lateral (an-te-ro-Iat' -er-al) [anter- A toxic ptomain derived from pure cultures
ior, before; latus, a side]. In front and to of the bacillus of anthrax.
or on one side from the front to one side. Anthracoid
;
{ari'-thrak-oid) \_avdpa^, coal;
Antero-parietal [an' -te-ro-par-i'-et-a/) [an- f/(5or, form]. Reseml:)ling anthrax.
terior, before ; paries, a wall]. Anterior Anthracometer {iin-tlirak-otn'-et-er) \JivBpai,,
and also parietal. A. Area, the anterior coal jitTpov, a measure].
; instrument An
part of the parietal area of the cranium. for estimating the amount of carbon dioxid
Antero-posterior {an' -te- ro - pos-te' r-e-or) -
in the air.
\_anterior, ftirward
backward].
posterior, ; Anthraconecrosis [an-thrak-o-ne kro'-sis)
Extending from before backward. \avdpa^, coal ; vtKpioai^, death]. The ne-
ANTIIRACOSIS ANTICARDIUM
erotic transformation of a tissue into a black Anthropophagy (aii-thro-pojf'a-je) [nifliju-
mass, as m dry gangrene man; y«}fn', to devfjur]. I. L'anni-
Anthracosis [an-tkrak-o^-sis) [or^'/ja^, car- balism. 2. Sexual perversion leading to
" Miner's
bon loaor, disease].
; Lung." A and cannibalism.-
rape, mutilation,
diseased condition of the lung produced by Anthropophobia {an thio- po -fa' -
be -
ah)
the inhalation of coal dust. It is a form o\
\_hvi)pui-iK, man ; (pojior, fear]. A symplom
pneumonokoniosis. of mental disease consisting in fear of
society.
Anthraquinone {ci7t-t/ira-/;7i'in-oii') \_ai't>j)(i^, Anthropotoxin {an-lhro-po-tohs'-in) [itifiptj-
coal; Sp. ,(/«///(?, bark], C'l^H/)^. A sub- 7T0C, man to^lkov, poison].
; The toxic sub-
stance produced by oxidizing anthracene stance supposed to be excreted by the
lungs
with HNO3. It sublimes in yellow needles, of human beings.
melting at 277°, and is soluble in hot ben- Anthydropic [anl-hi-drop'-ik) [fii'r/, against ;
zene and nN03. viûp, water]. Effective against dropsy.

Anthrarobin {(in-thra-ro'-lnn'), Cj^HmOj. A Anthypnotic [ant-hip-not'-ik) [arri, against ;
derivative of alizarin, similar to chrysarobin. v-Kvoq, sleep]. I. Preventive of sleep. 2.
It is a yellowish-white powder, insoluble in An agent that tends to induce wakefulness.
water, but' soluble in alcohol and dilute alka- Anthysteric {ant-his-ter'ik) [('/it/', against ;
line solutions. It is useful in psoriasis, varipn, the womb]. Overcoming hysteria.

Unof.
herpes, pityriasis versicolor. Antialbumate {an •
te -
al' -
bit -
r/idt) [air/,
Anthrax [an'-thraks') \hvdpa^, a coal or car- against; albumen, white of egg]. I'arapep-
buncle]. I. A
carbuncle. 2. An acute in- tone a product of the imperfect digestion
;
fectious disease due to the bacillus anthracis. of albumin. It is changed by the

pancreatic
It is most common in cattle and sheep, but ferment into anlipeptone.
may occur in man, Infection in man may Antialbumin [an- te al bid min) [fliT/,
- -
occur [a] through a wound, the resulting against; albiaiien, white of egg]. ()ne of
lesion being a boil or carbuncle, whence the the products of the action of the digestion of
disease becomes disseminated tlsrough the albumin it is probably one of the preformed
;
blood, {b') Through

the intestinal tract. In substances existing in the proteid molecule.
this case there are marked local lesions, either Antialbumose {an- te - al bu' -mos) [/irr/,
such as resemble the dermal boils, or a hem- against; albumen, white of egg]. One of
orrhagic infiltration of the mucous mem- the albumoses jiroduced by the action of
brane, (c) Through
the respiratory tract. pancreatic juice on allnmiin. It resembles
The results are inflammatory processes in the syntonin or acid-albumin, and is convertible
lungs and pleura Synonyms :
Milzbrand, into antipeptone.
Charboii, IVoolsorter'' s Disease. A., Symp- Antiaphrodisiac {an-te-afro-dis' -e-ak). See
tomatic. See Black-leg. An/aphrodisiac.
Anthropogenesis (an-thro-po-jen' -es-is) \_av- Antiarin {an' -te-ar-in) [Javanese, antiar or
(Ipu-iK, man; jivtaig, generation]. The de- anlsihar'\, Ci^Hj/J- \- 2HÔ. The active
velopment of man, as a race {^phylogenesis) principle oi Antiaristoxicariaox Upas antiar,
and as an individual (ôntogenesis'). the Javanese poison-tree. It is intensely
Anthropoglot [an' -ihropo-glot) \_hvOpu7znc, poisonous and is used as an arrow poison. It

man; y?.(j(7(7a, the tongue]. Human-tongued, is a cardiac depressant. Dose gr.
1
as a parrot. (0.00065). Unof.

A.nthropography iân-thro-pog' -ra-fe) \_hv(ipi,)-
Antiarthritic {an- te - ar -thrit'- ik'). Syn-
nog, man; )inupeu', to write]. A treatise onym of Antarthritic.
upon the human structure or organism. Antiasthmatic {an-te-az- mat'- ilc). Syn
Anthropoid (an'-thro-poid) [arî^pwrroc, a onym of Antasthmatic.
man uiôr, form]. Man-like.
;
Antibacterial {an -
te -
bak -
te'- re -
al) [dvn,
Anthropology {an-thro-pol' -o-je) [âi'Hpu-zor, against jiaKri/piov, a
; staff, stick]. Actfng
man; '/o)or, discourse]. The science of against bacteria.
man. Antibiotic {an-te-bi-ot'-ik) [avri, against;
Anthropometalism {an-thro-po-iiiet'-al-iznt) /;}/('(, life]. Tending to destroy life.
[ai'fl/iwTor, man
M. E., wc/ff/].
; Ilyf^notism Antiblenorrhagic {an-te blen-or-aj'-ik) [(iit/,
or the like condition, induced by looking at against p'/iviKx;, mucus
;
; /i//; rittni,lo burst].
a metallic disc. Efficient in preventing or curing gonorrhea.

{an -tebra' ke- al)
-
Anthropometry [an-tltro-porn'-et-re) [avBpu- Antibrachial [iivrl,
TTOf, man; fierpov, a measure]. The de- against; /3/)opwi', the Pertaining to arm].
termination of the measurement,
weight, the forearm.
Antibrachium {an -
te bra'- ke -
i/m)
strength, and proportions of the parts of the [in-n,
human Ijody. against ; :iiia\iu)r, the arm]. The forearm ;
-
thro - - 7nor' -fik) aiiteljrachium.
Anthropomorphic [an po
man finpijitj, Manlike. Anticardium ian-te-kar'-de-um) [lirr/,
ovtt
\hii)pia>i:(>r, ; form].
ANTICHIROTONUS ANTIMONIC
iiai)6ui, the heart] . The scrobicuUis Antifebrin {an-te-fcb' -rin) [ai'r/, against;
against ;
The
stomach the infraster- a CgII,.C2H/).NH.
cordis, or pit of the ; fdn-is, fever],
iial proprietary name of acetanilid or phenyl-
depression.
Antichirotonus {an-te-ki-rot'-o-nus) [(/it/,
acetamid. A
white, crystalline powder
rovoq, tension].
î^^"'! For- insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol,
against, v*'^/^
!
and chloroform. is antipyretic and

cfble and steady inllection of the thumb, seen ether, It
at times in or before attacks of epilepsy. analgesic. The drug's official name is ace-
_
Anticholerin -
tc -
kol' - er -in) {(ivri,
tanilidum. Dose gr. v-x (0.3-0.6).
{an
against ; cholera].
,i'o?f/'a, product iso- A Antiferment {an-te-fer'-mcnt) [('ut', against;
lated by Klebs from cultures of cholera- fermentuin, leaven]. An agent that pre-
vents fermentation.
bacilli. Immunizing and curative properties
Antifermentative {an tc -fer men' -ta-tive) - -
have been ascribed to it.
against fermentuin, leaven]. Pre-
Anticipating {an-tis'-ip-a-ting) [andcipare,
;
\jivTi,
to take before]. Occurring before the regu- venting fermentation.
expected time, as an anticipating
lar or inter- Antigalactic {an-te-gal-ak' -tik)\avTi against; ,
I. Lessening the secretion of

mittent fever, one in which the paroxysms }«/«, milk].
milk. 2. A drug that lessens the secretion
occur earlier on successive days.
Anticlinal of milk.
{an tc-kli'-nal) SJivti, against;
Antihelix {an-te-he' -lik). See Anlhelix.
Kkn-uv, to slope]. Sloping in opposite direc-
tions. A. Vertebra, in man, the tenth Antihidrotic {an-te-hi-drot'-ik)\avT[, against ;
I. Diminishing the secretion

thoracic vertelira, where the thoracic verte- /(V'wc, sweat].
bra; begin to assume the characters of the of sweat. 2. An agent lessening the secretion
lumbar. of sweat.
ne' me- on) {avri, -
te - hi'- dro- pin)
Anticnemion {an -
tik - -
Antihydropin {an {iivri,
leg]. The shin or front of against ('('w/*, water].

;
A crystalline princi-
against; Kvr/fu/,
the leg. ple obtainable from
the common cockroach,
Anticus that in front]. Blatta {Periplaneta) oricntalis, and said to
{an-fi'-kiis) {ân/iciis,
be diuretic. Dose x-xx
Anterior, in front of gr. (0.6-I.3).
A Antikamnia - te - kam' - tie -
ah)
Anticylic Acid. white, fragrant powder, {an \_avTi,
with a pleasant taste. It is said to be anti- against Kuuveiv, to suffer pain].

; proprie- A
of sodium bi-
pyretic. Dose jj-o grain (0.0006).
Unof. tary remedy said to be composed
carbonate, acetanilid, and caffein. It is used
Antidinic {an-te-din'-ik) {avr'i , against;
(5(rof ,a whirl]. Curing or prev_enting vertigo. as an analgesic in doses of gr. v-x (0.32-0.65).
Antidotal {an-te-do'-tal) [ai'-/, against; Antikol {an'-tik-ol). A proprietary antipy-
mixture said to contain acetanilid,
io'ioq, given]. Having the nature of an retic
antidote. sodium bicarbonate, and tartaric acid.

Antidote [avW, against
{an'-te-Jot) 6o'i6q, ;
Antilemic, or Antiloemic, Antiloimic {an-
given]. An agent preventing te-le'-mik, or an-te-loi' -mik) {jirri, against;
or counter-
Efficacious against the
acting the action of a poison. A., Arseni- Ao</^dc, the plague]
.
cal, G. Ph., is prepared by dissolving loo plague or other pestilence.

parts of the hydrated sulphate
of iron in Antileptic {an-til-ep'-tik) [nvTilt/ilug a receiv- ,
Revulsive.
250 parts of water, to which 15 parts of ing in return].
burnt magnesia and 250 parts of water are Antilithic {an-te-lith' -ik) {him, against;
added. A., Chemic, one that changes the ;i/0of , a stone] I. Efficacious against calcu-
.
chemic nature of the poison so that it be- lus. 2. An

agent preventing the deposit of
comes insoluble or harmless. A. Mechani-
, urinary sediment.
cal, one that prevents absorption by holding Antilcemic. See Antilemic.
the poison in mechanical suspension or by Antiluetic {,in-tc-hi-et'-ik) \iivri, against;
A., Physiologic, one the Efficacious
coating the stomach. plague .
hies, ; syphilis]
that counteracts the physiologic effects of a against syphilis.
Tva-
poison. A., Universal, a mixture of one Antiiyssic {an-te-lis'-ik) \avTi, against ;
two parts I. Tending to cure rabies.
part of dissolved iron sulphate in aa, raljies].
of magnesia water. 2. A remedy for rabies.
Antidynamic {an
-
te -
di -
nam'-ik) \avTi, Antimiasmatic {an-te-nii-as-n/at'-ik) [(h'tI,
(yirauig, Weakening. against; ftiaaua, exhalation]. Preventive

against ; force].
Antidysenteric {an-te-dis-in-ter' -ik) [oit/, of malaria.
against; (h'fTfi'rep/'o:, dysentery]. I. Service- Antimonial {an-te-mo' -ne-al) [antimoninm ,
able against dysentery. 2. A remedy for antimony]. Containing antimony.

dysentery. Antimonic {an-te-iuon' ik) \_anlimonium,
Antiemetic {an-te-ein-et'-ik) [('ut/, against ; antimony]. A term ajiplied to those com-
to
causing vomit].
efiETiKoi-, Preventing eniesis ; pounds of antimony that correspond its
relieving nausea. higher ct\\A.

ANTIMONIOUS ANTIPYRIN
Antimonious \antimon-
{an-tc-mo'-nc-us) Antiparasitic {an -tc-fnr-as-il'-ik) \hvTl,
iiiui, term denoting those
antimony]. A against; TrafinrjiTnr, ,a parasite]. I.Ue-
compounds of antimony that correspond to stroying parasites. 2. An agent destroying
its lower oxid. ]iarasites.
Antimony (an'-tc-ino-ne) \_atilintoniunf\ Sb .
Antipeptone [an-te-pep' -ion) \_avT'i against ;
= 122 ; quantivalence ill and V. metallic, A TTtTrrtw, to cook, digest]. variety of jiep- A
,
crystalline element possessing a bluish-white tone not acted upon by trypsin.

luster. The
symljol Sb is derived from the old Antiperiodic -
{an te pc- re - od'- ik)
-
$iv7i,
name, stibiiini. Antimony is found native, as against; ixipiofW, a going round], i. Pre-
the suIphid.Sb^.Sg.as the oxid, and is a constitu- venting periodic attacks of a disease. 2. A
ent of many minerals. It is used commercially remedy against periodic disease. A. Tinc«
chiefly for
making alloys. Type-metal, liritan- ture. See Warburg' s 7înctitrc.
nia-metal, and Babbit's anti-friction metal are Antiperistalsis {an-te-per-is-tal' -sis) {uvt'l
alloys of antimony. In medicine antinionium against -fpl, around arhhciq, compression]
; ;
salts are used less frequently than formerly. Reversed peristalsis.

The salts are cardiac and arterial depressants, Antiperistaltic {an-ie-per-is-tal' -tik) \Iivt'l^
diaphoretic and emetic, and in large doses against; Tn:$i, around; ara/ni^, compres-
powerful gastro-intestinal irritants, producing sion]. Relating to antiperistalsis.
symptoms resembling Asiatic cholera. Anti- Antiphlogistic {an-le- flo-jis'-tik) [nm,

mony has been used as an antiphlogistic in against; (p/uyoni^, inflammatory heat]. I.
sthenic inflammation, as a diaphoretic and Counteracting fever. 2. An agent subduing
expectorant, and as an emetic. A. chlorid, or reducing inllammation or fever. A. Treat-

SbCl.,,the " butter" of antimony a strong ; ment, consists in bloodletting, the ajiplication
caustic. Unof. A.,Pilulae Coinpositae,Plum- of cold, the administration of antipyretics,
mer's jiills, which contain calomel and sulpliur- etc.
etted antimony, aa gr. ss (0.032). A. tri- Antiplastic {an-fe-plas'-tik) \iivri, against ;
oxid, antimonious acid, SK^jOg-, soluble in 7r/d(T(Tf (!', to form]. I. Unfavorable to
gran-
hydrochloric and tartaric acids. Dose gr. j-ij ulation or to the healing process. 2. Aik
(0.065-0.13). It is an ingredient of James' agent impoverishing the blood.

powder. A. oxychlorid, the "powder of Antipneumotoxin {an-te-uii-mo-toks' -in).
"
now little used. A. pentoxid, See Pncuniotoxin.
algarotli ;
.Sb./K, antimonic acid, combines with bases Antipodal Cells {an-iip^-o-dal) [«it/, oppo-
to form antimonates. A. et Potassii tartras site TTOi'f foot].
;
A term aj^plied to a grolip
,
(A. tartaratum) (B. P.), 2KSbOC^H,Of,.- of four cells formed in the lower end of the
II./), tartrate of antimony and potassium, embryo-sac opposite to the cells constituting
"tartar emetic." Dose gr. \-^\ (0.004- the egg-apparatus.
0.016). A., Pulvis, powder of antimony, Antipraxia [an-te-praks' -e-a)i) [nr-/, against;
James' powder, consists of antimonious oxid Tvpdaaeiv, to do]. Antagonism of functions
33, and calcium phosphate 67 parts, and is or of symptoms.
diaphoretic in large doses, emetic and ca-
; Antipruritic {an-te-pru-rit' -ik) [ai'-/, against ;
thartic. Dose gr. iij-viij (0.2-0.5). A. sul- /;7//7V/«, itching] I. Relieving the sensa-
.
tion of itching. 2. A drug that relieves the

phid, Sb2.S.,, black sulphid of antimony.
Dose gr. '4-j (o. 01 6-0. 065). A. sulphur- sensation of itching.
atum, the sulphid with a small but in- Antipsoric {an-tcpso'-rik) \jivti, against ;
definite amount of the oxid. Dose gr. j-v Tl'upa, the itch]. Efifective against itching
(0.065 -0.32). Syr. Scillae Comp., Cox's or the itch.

hive mixture, hive syrup. Each if, j con- Antipyresis [an-fe-pi-re'-sis) [avr/, against ;
tains gr. ^
of tartar emetic. Dose X(\y- TTvpfaaeiv, to be feverish]. The reduction
^7t) (0.32-4.0) cautiously. A., Vinum,

wine of fever by means of antipyretics.
of antimony. Boiling water 60, tartar emetic Antipyretic {an-te-pi-ret'-ik) {avTi, against ;
4, stronger white wine 1000 parts. It con- TT}'per6g, Cooling; lowering the
fever]. I.
tains about 2 grains of tartar emetic to the 2. An agent reducing tem-

temperature.
ounce. Dose 1if\^v-xv (0.32-I.0). perature. The most important antipyretic
Antimycotic {a)i-tc-nii-kot' -ik') [ai^r/, against; agents are cold, diajihoretics, and the newer
a fungus].
fj-rKi/c,
Destructive to microor- remedies, many of which are coal-tar pro-
ganisms. ducts, such as anlipyrin, acetanilid. pliena-
Antinarcotic [an-tc-nar-kot'-ik^ \avTi , cetin, etc.
against; vaftwiôic, a benumbing]. Pre- Antipyrin {an-fi--pi' rin) [iwri, against;
Phenazon.
venting narcosis. rrr/u7<ir, fever], C,,H,.,N.^().
Antineuralgic (av tr -
vii -
ral'-jik ) [(iit/,
The scienlitic name
dimethyl oxy-rhinicin-is
a dinulhylpyrazolon. or dohydrodi-
against; vtv^mr, nerve; aA)of, pain]. jilienyl
methylphenylpyrazin.
An alkaloidal pro-
Overcoming neuralgia.
ANTIRABIC ANTITHERMIN
duct of the destructive distillation of coal-tar. or systematic employment of antiseptic
It may be produced by heating acetoacetic methods.
ester with methyl-phenyl-hydrazin. It is a Antisepticize (
an -
te •
se/>^
- tis - tz ) [avTi,
grayish or reddish- white crystalline powder, against; putrefaction].
ff/)i/'<f,
To render
in water, alcohol, and to treat with antiseptics.
slightly bitter, soluble antiseptic ;
chloroR)rm, and crystallizes from ether in Antiseptin [an-te-stp'-tin) \_av-i, against;

It reduces
shining leaflets, melting at 113°. putrefaction]. Zinc boro-thymo-iodid.
a//il'ic,
the temperature, causes sweating, at times of 85 parts zinc sulphate, 2.5 parts
It consists
vomiting, peculiar eruptions, pruritus, coryza, each of zinc iodid and thymol, and 10 parts
etc. Not rarely a cyanotic condition of the boric acid. It is an antiseptic. Unof.
face and hands is produced. Antipyrin is Antiseptol [an
-
te -
scp'
-
tol) \.a.vTi, against ;
incompatible with nitrous compounds. It putrefaction]. Cinchonin iodosulphate,

(7/}i/7f,
is a powerful antipyretic and analgesic. an odorless and fairly effective substitute for
Dose gr. v-xv (0.3-1.0). A. Salicylate. iodoform.
See Salipyrin. Antisialagogue ( an-te-si-al'-a-gog ) \avTl,
Antirabic ( an - tc -
rah^ - ik ) [a it/, against ; against; guiKov, saliva; hyuyoq, leading],
rabies, madness]. Preventing or curing I. Preventing or checking salivation. 2. A
rabies. remedy that is effective against salivation.
Antirheumatic [an tr-ru -
inat'-ik) \avrl, Antisialic [an-tc-si-al'-ik) [ai-'r/, against;
against ;
of or pertaining to a
psujiariKoq, (j(a'/.ov, saliva]. I. Checking the flow of
flux]. Preventing or curing rheumatism. saliva. 2. An agent that checks the secre-
Antirheumatin [aii-fe-nt^ -mat-in). com- A tion of saliva.
bination of sodium salicylate and methylene Antispasmin [an-te-spaz' -tnitt). A whitish
blue. It occurs as blue prismatic crystals powder, consisting of a mixture of narc-ein-
easily soluble in water and alcohol, and tast- sodium and sodium salicylate. It is sedative
ing very much like sodium salicylate. It and hypnotic, and has been used in laryngis-
colors the urine blue or green. mus stridulus and whooping-cough. Dose
Antirrhinum [an-te-ri'-nutn) [L.]. A genus gr. ^—iv (0.01-0.26).
of scrophulariaceous plants. A. linaria, Antispasmodic [an-te-spas-mod'-ik) [âvri,
called also Linaria 7'ulgaris, Toad -
flax, against; ff-naMor, a spasm]. I. Tending to
Ramsted, Butter-and-Eggs ;
an herbaceous relieve spasm. 2. An agent relieving con-
plant of Europe and North America ; diuretic, vulsions or spasmodic pains, as the narcotics,
cathartic, and irritant; used as a poultice the nitrites, etc.
and fomentation. Unof. Antispastic [an-te-spas'-fik) [avrl, against ;
Antiscorbutic [an - te - skor - bu' -

tik) \_hvri, aTaGT(Kor, drawing]. I. Revulsive; coun-
against; scorbutus, scurvy]. I. Effective ter-irritant. 2. Antispasmodic. 3. A re-
against scurvy. 2. A remedy useful in scurvy. vulsive agent.

Antisepsin {ati te-sep' -sin') \h.vTi, against ;
Antisudoral [an-te-su' -dor-al) \avTi, against ;
CT/fii;, CgH^BrNHC.,ir.,0.
putrefaction], sudor, sweat]. Checking the secretion of
Asepsin bromated acetanilid
; soluble in ; sweat.
alcohol and ether, insoluble in water. It is Antisyphilitic [an
-
te -
sif- il
- it' -
ik) \avzi,
antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. Dose against ;
.fi'/Z/Z/w]
. I.Effective against syph-
gr.vj-vij (0.39-0.45). ilis. 2. A remedy used in the treatment of
Antisepsis [an-te-sep'-sis) [u't/, against; syphilis.
ai/iluc, putrefaction]. Exclusion of the germs Antithenar [an-tith'-en-ar) [air/, against ;
that cause putrefaction. Htrnp, the hollow of the hand or foot]. I.
Antiseptic ( a)i-te-sep'-tic) \(ivr\, against; Opposite to thenar. 2. muscle that ex- A

aijinq, putrefaction]. I.
Having power to tends the thumb, or opposes it to the hand :
prevent the growth of the bacteria upon which an antithenar muscle. A. Eminence, the
putrefaction depends. 2. remedy or agent A border of the palm of the hand from the base
that prevents the development of bacteria. of the little finger to the wrist. A. Muscles,
The principal antiseptics in use are corrosive of the toe and of the thumb the abductor ;
sublimate, creolin, carbolic acid, iodoform, thy- pollicis pedis and the flexor brevis pollicis
mol, salicylic acid, boric acid, etc. A. Gauze, nianus also, the first dorsal
;
interosseous
open cotton cloth charged with an antiseptic. muscle.
A. Ligature, catgut or other material rendered Antithermic [an-tc-ther'-mik) \avTt, against ;
aseptic by soaking in antiseptic solutions. A. Wf pa;/, Cooling; antipyretic.

heat] .
Treatment of Wounds looks to thorough Antithermin [an-te-tlier' -min) [air/, against ;
antisepsis as regards the wound, the instru- ^ypin], heat], C,,H,Ô.jN.^. Phenylhydraziu-
ments, the o|3erator's hands, the dressings, etc. levulinic acid, a coal-tar derivative used as
Antisepticism [an -
te -
sep'
-
tis -
izi/i) \_avTi, an antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic.
against; crj\l<iq, putrefaction]. The theory Dose gr. v (0.3). Unof.
ANTITOXIC AORTIC
Antitoxic an -
te -
loks' - ik [dvr/, against See A. highmorianum. A.
( ) ;
pyloricum
rni,iK(>v, poisonj. Antidotal ; counteracting willisii, the cavity of the pylorus.
poisons. Anuresis {an-tt-re'-sis) \liv priv.; ovpov,
Antitoxin [an -te -toks' -
in') [arr/, against ;
urine]. Anuria.
roiîKOv, poison]. A
counter poison or anti- Anuretic (
an-u-rel'-ik) \Jiv priv.; olpov,
dote elaborated by tlie body to counteract urine] .
Pertaining to or affected with anuria.
the toxins of bacteria. According to some Anuria {aii-ti'-re-ah) \Jiv priv.; ovpov, urine].
authorities, antitoxins are, like the toxins, Su[)]3ression of the urine.
bacterial products. Antitoxins are used in Anuria (an-ji'-rik) \h.v priv.; ovpov, urine].
the treatment of certain infectious diseases Pertaining to anuria.
and also to confer immunity against these Anurous {an-it'-i-us) \Jiv priv.; wph, a tail].
diseases. Without a tail.
Antitragic [an-te-traj'-ik') \hvTi, opposite to ; Anus {a'-ntts) \aniis, the fundament]. The
Tpnjnr, the tragus]. Pertaining to the an- extremity of the rectum the lower opening
;
titragus. A. Muscle, a mere rudiment in of the alimcntaiy canal. A., Artificial, an

man it arises from the
;
antitragus, and ex- opening established from the bowel to the ex-
tends to the Cauda of the helix. terior at a point above the normal anus, most
Antitragus {an-ie-tra'-gus) [nrr/, opposite commonly from the colon, either in the lum-
to; Tfjdyoi;, the tragus]. An eminence of bar or the iliac
region. A., Fissure of, a
the external ear opposite the tragus. slight tear in the mucous membrane at the
Antitrope ( an'-te-trop ) [ avri, against ; anus, usually due to passage of hardened
T^fTf/r, to turn]. Any organ set over against feces. It is
very painful. A., Fistula of,
another to form a symmetric pair. Thus, the fistula inano, a sinus opening from the rec-
right eye is an antitrope to the left. tum into the connective tissue about the rec-
Antivenene [an-te-ven'-en^ \hvTi, against ; tum, or discharging externally. A., Imper-
7<cHenitm, poison]. A
term given to tlie forate, absence of the anus, the natural
blood serum of animals rendered immune opening being closed by a membranous sep-
against snake-poison, on account of its anti- tum.
dut.il properties. Anvil [an' 7'il). See Incus.
Antizymotic (an-te-zi- vtot' -ik) [rn'r/, against ; Anydremia, Anydraemia {an-id-re'-me-ah)
C/y^wCT/f, fermentation]. i. Preventing or \Jiv vûp, water; uiua, blood].
])riv. ; A
checking fermentation. 2. An agent pre-
deficiency of water in the blood.
venting the process of fennentation an anti- ; Anypnia [an-ip'-ne-ah) \_av priv.; I'-i'Of,
ferment. sleep]. Sleeplessness.
Antracele [an'-ira-sel) \antntiii, a cavity; Aorta (a-ort'-ah) [no/jr?/, aorta]. The large
K/)/'.?/', a tumor]. Dropsy of the antrum an ;
vessel arising from the left ventricle and dis-
accumulation of fluid in the maxillary sinus. tributing by its branches arterial blood to
Antral [an'-tral) [antnit?i, a cave]. Relat- every part of the body. It ends by bifur-
ing to an antrum. cating into the two common iliacs at the

Antrectomy (;?';/-/';y/^''-/'^-Wi?) [a iTpoi', antrum ;
fourth lumbar vertebra. The arch, that ex-
iKToiiij,
excision]. Surgical removal of the tending from the heart to the third dorsal
walls of the antrum. vertebra,' is divided into an ascending, a
Antritis [an-tri'-fis) [avrpov, a cave; ifis, in- transverse, and a descending part. The
flammation]. Inflammation of an antrum. thoracic portion extends to the diaphragm;
Antrophore (an'-t>-o-fdr) \jivTpo\\ a cavity; the abdominal \o the bifurcation.
(pfijFiv, to liearj. A soluble, medicated Aortal {ii-ort'-al) \_aoprr], the aorta]. Re-
bougie. lating to the aorta.
Antrotympanic [an- tro -tint- pan'- US') \hv- Aortic [a-ort'-ih) [aoprfj, the aorta]. Per-
rpor, a cave ; rrfiTtavov, a drum]. Relating taining to the aorta. A. Arch. See Aorta.
o tlie cavity of the tympanum and to the A. Arches. 'AtttArch. A. Foramen. See.-/.
tympanic antrum. Opening of Diaphragm. A. Murmur. A
Antrum {an'-tmni) [L.]. A cavity or hol- nuirmur produced b)' disease of the aortic
low space, especially in a bone. A. cardia- valves. A. Opening of Diaphragm, the
cum, a dilatation of tlie lower end of the aperture in, or really behind, the diaphragm,
eso])hagus. It has been noted in cases of through which the aoria passes. A. Open-
rumination, and in other conditions. A. eth- ing of Heart, the opening between the
moidale, the ethmoidal sinus. A. high- heart and the aorta. A. Plexus, the plexus
morianum, Antrum of Higliniore, a cavity of symiialhelic nerves, situated on the front
in the superior maxillary bone. A. high- and sides of the aorta, between the ori-
mori testis. See Afcc/ias/inni/i h-s/is. A., gins of the superior and inferior mesenteric
Mastoid, the hollow space beneath the arteries. A. Sinus, a deep dejiression be-
roof of the mastoid process. A., Maxillary. tween the leaflets of the aortic valve and the
AORTITIS APHEMIA
aortic wall. A. Valve, the three semilunar lentil,the crystalline lens]. The condition
valves closing the aortic opening during the of an eye without the lens.
cardiac diastole. Aphakic {ah-fa'-kik) [a priv.; 6(ik6c, the
Aortitis {a-ort-i^-/is) [ao/ir//, the aorta iriq, ; lens]. Not possessing a crystalline lens.
intlaramation]. Inflammation of the aorta. Aphasia {ah-fa'-ze-ah) [a priv.; (pdffic,
Aortomalacia, or Aortomalaxia {a-ort-o- speech]. Partial or complete loss of the
mal-a'-se-ah, or -aks'-e-aJi) [aopry, aorta ; power of expressing ideas by means of speech
fiaXaKM, softening]. Softening of the aorta. or writing. Aphasia may be either motor or
Aortostenosis {a-ort-o-sten-o'-sis) {ju^prij, sensory. Motor or Ataxic Aphasia consists
aorta; arfiof, narrow]. Stenosis or narrow- in a loss of speech owing to inability to exe-
cute the various movements of the mouth
ing of the aorta.
Apatropin {ap-at'-ro-piii) [uto, from ; a-po- necessary to speech, the muscles not being
Koq, unchangeable], Cj^H.îNOj. A com- properly coordinated, owing to disease of the
pound derived from atropin by the action of cortical center.
"
It is usually associated with
nitric acid. It is said to produce peculiar agraphia, aphasia of the hand," inability
convulsions. to write, and right-sided hemiplegia. Some
Ape {dp) [ME., (7/t'].
A man like monkey. aphasics can write, but are unal;)le to articu-
A. Fissures, those fissures of the human late words or sentences ; this variety is vari-
brain that are also found in apes. A. -hand, ously named aphemia, alalia, or anarthria,
a peculiar shape of the hand produced by the according as the impairment of speech is more
wasting of the thumb-muscles it is seen in ;
or less marked. Charcot supposes the center
some cases of progressive muscular atrophy. for articulate language divided into four sub-
Apellous (ah-pel' -us) \a priv.; Trt/J.a, skin]. centers, a visual center for words, an auditory
Skinless. center for words, a motor center of articulate
Apepsia (ah-pcp' -se-aJi) \ji priv.; ttetztziv, to language, and a motor center of written lan-
digest]. Cessation or absence of the digest- guage. Lesions of one or more of these
ive function. A., Hysteric, condition of centers produce the characteristic forms of
apepsia due to hysteria. It is also called Hys- aphasia, all of which have clinical exemplifi-
teric Anorexia. A. nervosa. See Anorexia cations. Sensory Aphasia, or Amnesia is
nervosa. the loss of memory for words, and may exist
Apeptic ( ih'pip'-tik) \h priv.; 77fT7e/r, to di- alone or in association with motor aphasia.
gest]. Affected with apepsia. Amnesia apjiears clinically in three distinct
Aperient {ap-e'-re-ent) \jiperire, to open], i. forms i.
:
.Simple loss of memory of words.
Laxative ; mildly purgative. 2. A mild 2. IVord-Jeafncss, or inability to understand
purgative ;
a laxative. spoken words (there usually some parapha-
is
Aperistalsis {ah-per-is-taF -sis) [a priv. ; sia connected with this

form). 3. Word-
TTt'p/, around ariOMiq, constriction].
;
Ces- hlinduess, or inability to understand written
sation of the peristaltic movements of the in- or jirinted words. Paraphasia, a form of
testine. aphasia in which there is inability to connect
Aperture \apertura, an open-
(cip' -er-cJiur) ideas with the proper words to express the
ing]. An A., Angular, in the
o]iening. ideas. Agrammatism, a phenomenon of
microscope, angle formed between a
the aphasia consisting in the inaliility to form
luminous point placed in focus and the most words grammatically, or the suppression of
divergent rays that are capable of passing certain words of a phrase. Ataxaphasia,
through the entire system of an objective. inability to arrange words synthetically into
A., Numeric, the capacity of an objective sentences. Bradyphasia, abnormal slow-
for admitting rays from the object and trans- ness of speech, from pathologic cause. Tu-
mitting them to the image. multus sermonis, a stuttering manner of
Apex (a'-peks) \jipex, the extreme end of a reading, from pathologic cause. A., Con=
thing]. The summit or top of anything; duction, such as is clue to defect in some
the point or extremity of a cone. A. Beat, commissural connection between centers.
the imiiulse of the heart felt in the fifth inter- A., Gibberish, aphasia in which the patient
costal space, about 3'^ inclies from the mid- can utter many words, but uses them in such
dle of the sternum. A. Murmur, a murmur a way that they express no meaning.
heard over the apex of the heart. A. of the Aphasiac [ah-fa' -zc-ak) [« priv.; ^da;^,
Lung, the upper extremity of the lung be- speecli]. (Jne who is aphasic.
hind the border of the first rib. Aphasic [ah-fa'-zik) [« \m\ .\ (txia/^, speech].
Aphacia {ah -fa' -se- ah). Same as Aphakia. Relating to or affected with aphasia.
Aphacic [ah fa'-sik). Syn. of Aphakic. Aphemia {ah-fe'-»ie-ah) [a priv.; 0////7,
Aphagia (ah-fa' -je-ah") [« priv.; iâynv, to voice]. RIotor aphasia ; inability to articu-
eat]. Inability to eat or to swallow. latewords or sentences, from centric and not
Aphakia [ah-fa'-ke-ah) \_a priv.; (paKdf, a from peripheral disease. See Aphasia.
APHEMIC APOI.IJNARIS WATER
Aphemic [ah-fcni' -ik) [a priv.; (Îiiitj, voice]. from which do not undergo alierra-
spheric
Kelating to or ailbcted with aiiheniia. tion in their passage
througli tiie lens. A.
Aphonia [ah-fo' -iic-ah) \Ji priv.; ^wj;//, Lens, a lens corrected for aberration of
voice]. Loss of speecli due to some light and color ; a rectilinear lens.
peripheral lesion, as in clergyman's sore Aplasia {ah-pla'-se-ah) [a priv.; T^'/nnnuv, to
throat it ; may be due to hysteria.
form]. Incomplete or defective develop-
Aphonic (âhfon'ik) \_a priv.; 0wi7/, voice]. ment also termed agenesis.
;
Speechleis voiceless.
; Aplastic {ah-plas'-tik) \a priv.; Kldcotiv, to
Aphrasia (ah-fra' -ze-ah) [a priv.; (ppaCfiv, form]. I. Structureless, formless. 2. In-
to utter]. Absence of the power to utter capable of forming new tissue. A. Lymph,
connected phrases. a non-fibrinous material
incapable of coagu-
-
Aphrodisia [af-ro diz'- e -
ah) ['A^poJtr^, lation or organization.
Venus]. Sexual desire, especially when Apnea {ap-ne'-ah) [fipriv.; 7rv/f/r,tobrentl)c].
morbid, or immoderate sexual congress.
; 1. A transient cessation of
respiration -frwm
Aphrodisiac [af- 7-0 - diz' - e - ak) [Â(ppo6iTri, an ov e r abunda ftce-gfLoxygen, na e. after
g. ,
I. Stimulating the sexual forcible res])iration.

Venus]. appetite ; 2. As]ihyxia.
erotic. 2. An agent stimulating the sexual
Apneumatosis (<?/ ww-wrtAi^'-jM) [a priv.;
passion. jTi'iv/uiTuaig, iiitlation]. Collapse of the air
Aphtha [af'-thaJi) \h(^Ba, an eru[)tion]. An cells.
erujition ;
an ulcer. Apncea {np-ne'-ah). ^te Apnea.
Aphthae {af'-thc) \_h(jiOa, an eruption]. Also Apoaconitin [ap-o-ak-on' -it-ui) \a.TT(,, from;
called Aphthous sto7)tatitis. A form of sto- acouilum, aconite], C.j.jII^,N{),,. An alka-
matitis characterized by the presence of small loid prepared from aconitin by
dehydration.
white vesicles in the mouth, occurring chielly Apoatropin {ap-o-at'ro-pi>i) [«-o, from;
in children under three years of age, and sup- arpoTvoc, unchangeable], Cj^H.^jNO... An
posed to be due to a special microorganism. alkaloid obtained by the acticm of
IINO^ on
A., Bednar's, tvvo symmetrically placed atropin.
ulcers seen at times on the hard palate of Apochromatic (ap- o- kro
-
mat'-ik') \a-6,
cachectic infants, one on either side of the away; ,y/"^"'«> ^\'ithout color. A.
color],
mesial line. A., Cachectic, aplithx apjiear- Lens, a lens of a special variety of glass,
ing beneath the tongue, and associated with corrected for spheric and chromatic aberra-
grave constitutional symptoms; Riga's dis- tion.
ease. Apocodein [ap
- -
ko'- dc -
/;/) from
[aT(5, ;
Aphthoid [af^-fhoid) [_a(j>Oa, an eruption]. hijihin, the

head], C,^H,,,NC).,. An alka-
Ucsenibling aphtha?. loid prepared from codein by dehydration. It
Aphthongia {af-thong' -^ê-ah) [n priv.; ^Bhy- is emetic and expectorant, with other
(piali-
yo^, a sound]. A
peculiar form of aphasia ties much like those of codein, and is recom-
due to spasm of the muscles supplied by the mended in chronic bronchitis. 'I'lie hydro-
hypoglossal nerve. chlorate is generally used. Dose gr. iij-iv
Aphthous [af'-thiis) [aofti, an eruption]. (0.2 to 0.25). Unof.
I'crtaiiiing to or affected with a])iithfe. Apocynin [ap-os'-in-iii) \jipo(ynou, dog-
Apical [(i'-pik-al)\_(ipex, the top]. Pertaining bane]. The precipitate from a tincture of
to the apex. Apocyitit7>i canuahimivi ; tonic, alterative,
Apices {a'-pis-ez) [I^.]. Plural oi Apex. and cathartic. Dose gr. ^-j (0.O16-0.065).
Apinoid {ap^-in-oid) \a priv.; Tcimc, dirt; Unof.
euior,form]. Clean not foul. A. Cancer,
; Apocynum [ap-os'-iu-iii)!) [apocynoit, dog-
scirrhus; so called from its cleanly section. bane]. Canadian Hemp. The root of
Apiol (c//i''-^-(?/') [apiiiin, parsley; oL'n/>i,o\\'\,
A. raunabiutun, the properties of which are
CjjHjÔ^. A principle occurring in parsley due to apocyttin. It is a good expectorant ;
seeds ;
it crystallizes in long white needles, in full doses it is emetic and cathartic.
with a slight parsley odor melts at 30° C.
;
Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). A., Extractum
(86° F.) and boils at 294° C. (572° F.). fluidum. Dose tTLv-xx (0.32-1.3). A.,
It is used in dysmenorrhea and in malaria. Tinct. Dose n\^v-xl (0.32-2.6). Unof.
In large doses it produces ringing in the ears Another American species, A. androsaemi-
and frontal headache. It is also called folium, has similar jiroperties. llnof
Parsley-camphor. I)ose gr. x-xv (0.65-1.0). Apodia {ah-po'-de-ah) [dpriv.; ttoi'^, afoot].
Unof. Absence of feet.
Aplacental the end
[ah-phn-i-it'-lal] \!i \-<\\\ .\phiiciila, Apolar {ah-po'-lar) \li priv.; 77()?n(,-,
a cake]. Destitute of placenta. of an axis]. Not jiossessing a pole. A.

Aplanatic ((?//-/i/(?;/-/?/'''-77') [ajiriv.; -K^Mvaeiv , Cells, nerve cells without processes.
Apollinaris Water (ap-o/iii-a'-ris). A
to Not wandering; rectilinear. der-
wander].
A. Focus, that focus of a lens the rays nian alkaline mineral water, highly charged
APOMORPHIN APOTHESIS
with carbonic acid, and largely used as a Apoplectiform {ap-o-plek' -tifortn) [a7ro7r^?/f-
diluent in gout, rheumatism, etc. la, apoplexy; forma, form]. Resembling
Apomorphin {âp-o-/;ior^-fiii) [_anu, from; apoplexy.
Morpheus, the god of sleep] Cj.H,-NO.^. Apoplexy [ap^-o-pleks-e) [_a:zo7r?j/îa,
a strik-
An alkaloid, derived from morphin
artificial ing down]. The symptom-complex
resulting
by the abstraction of a molecule of water. from hemorrhage, or from the plugging of a
The hyJrochloralc is the salt used, and is a vessel, in the brain or spinal cord. The term
It acts as a centric is sometimes also applied to the bursting of a
grayish crystalline powder.
emetic. Dose gr. 2V-T0 (0.003-0.0065), vessel in the lungs, liver, etc. A., Capillary,
hypodermically, or gr. y^-ff (0.0065-0.001) one resulting from rupture of capillaries. A.,
by the mouth. It is expectorant in small Ingravescent, a term applied to a form of
doses. A., Injectio hypodermica (B. P.). apoplexy in which there is a slowly progres-
A two-per-cent. solution. Apomorphinae sive loss of consciousness due to a gradual
hydrochloratis, Syrupus. Dose ^ss-j leakage of blood from a ruptured vessel. A.,
(16.0-32.0). Pulmonary, escape of blood into the pul-
Aponeurosis (ap-on-u-ro'-sis) \a-6, from ; monary parenchyma. A., Simple, the name
vzvpov, a tendon]. A fibrous, membranous given to those cases of death from coma in
expansion of a tendon giving attachment to which no cerebral lesion is found. A.,
muscles or serving to enclose and bind down Spinal, rupture of a blood-vessel of the
muscles. Important are the infraspinotts, spinal cord.
enclosing the infraspinous muscle that of ; Aporetin (âp-o-re^-tin) [an-o, from; pi/rlvr^,
the deltoid muscle, of the external oblique or a resin]. A resinous substance found in
abdominal, of the forearm, of the leg, of the rhubarb.
tmnsz'ersalis, of the head, etc. etc. A. of ,
Apositia (ap-o-sit^-e-ah) [«Tro, from alror, ;
Occipito-frontalis Muscle, the aponeur- food]. Aversion to or loathing of food.

osis that separates the two s]i]is of the occipito- Apostasis {ap-os^-tas-is) \_ar:6aTaair, a stand-
frontalis muscle. A. of Soft Palate, a thin ing away from]. I. An abscess. 2. The
but firm fibrous layer, attached above to the end or the crisis of an attack of disease ;
hard palate, and becoming thinner toward termination by crisis. 3. An exfoliation.

the free margin of the velum. A., Sub- Aposthia (ah-pos'-the-ah) [a priv.; iroadi/,
scapular, a thin membrane attached to the penis, prepuce]. Absence of the penis or
entire circumference of the subscapular fossa, of the prepuce.
and affording attachment by its inner surface Apostoli's Method. The use of strong
to some of the fibers of the subscapularis electrolytic or chemic galvano-caustic cur-
muscle. A., Supraspinous, a thick and rents in the treatment of diseases of the
dense membranous layer that completes the female generative organs, especially uterine
osseo-fibrous case in which the supraspinatus fibroids.
muscle contained, affording attachment by
is
Apothecaries' Weight. A system of
its inner surface to some of the fibers of the weights and measures used in compounding
muscle. A., Vertebral, a thin aponeurotic medicines. The Troy pound of 5760 grains
lamina extending along the whole length of is the standard. It is sulidivided into 12
the back part of the thoracic region, serving ounces. The ounce is subdivided into eight
to bind down the erector spinre, and separat- drams, the dram into three scruples, and
ing it from those muscles that connect the the scruple into 20 grains. For fluid meas-
spine to the upper extremity. ure the quart of 32 fluidounces is subdivided
Aponeurositis [ap-on-u-ro-si^ -tis) \jL-ovsi'pu- into two pints, the pint into 16 fluidounces,
atq, an aponeurosis; iti^, inflammation]. the ounce into eight fluidrams, and the flui-
Inflammation of an aponeurosis. dram into 60 minims. The following abbre-
Aponeurotic [ap-onu-rot'-ik) [arrovevpuair, viations are used: —
aponeurosis]. Pertaining to an aponeurosis.
TT). ininim. S, nncia, an ounce (480
Apophysis [ap-of-is-is) [ii-o, from; Î'tr/f,
growth]. A
process, outgrowth, or swelling 9, scrupiiliis, a scruple 3t),
grains).
libra, a pound.
of some part or organ, as of a bone. A. len- (20 .i;rains). D., oclariiis, a pint.
ticularis, the orbicular process of the tem- 5, drachma, a dram (60 gr., ^ranum, a grain.
grains). ss., semissis, one-half.
poral bone. A. raviana, the processus
gracilis of the malleus. See IJ'cighfs and Measures.
Apoplectic [ap-o-plek' -ti/i) \a'Ko-K'K7j^'ia, apo- Apothem, or Apothema
{ap'-o-them or
plexy]. Pertaining to or affected with apo- ap-oth'-em-ah) [arro, from 0f //a, a deposit].
;
plexy. A. Equivalents, a name given to A brown powder deposited from vegetable

the premonitory symptoms of apoplexy, indi- infusions or decoctions exposed to the air.
cating that the brain is sul>ject to alterations Apothesis {ap-oth'-es-is) [^li^vofkaic, a putting
in blood- pressure.
back]. The reduction of a fracture or luxation.
APOTHETER APSITIIYRIA
Apotheter {ap-oth' et-er). A navel-string power of receiving and appreciating sensory
re|)ositordevised by Braun, consisting of a impressions.
stallwith a slini^ attached in whicli tlie pro- Appetence [ap'-e-tens) [appetentia, appetite].
lapsed funis is placed and carried up into the An appetite or desire the attraction of a
;
uterine cavity. living ti.ssue for those materials that are

ap-
Apozem, or Apozema [ap'-o-zcm or ap-oz' -
propriate for its nutrition.
em-a/t) [d-ci, away; îmv, to boil]. de- A Appetite {ap'-e-fit) [appeh-ir, to desire].
coction, especially one to which medicines The desire for food ;
also any natural desire ;
are admixed. lust. A., Perverted, that for unnatural and

Apparatus {ap-ar-a'-tus) \_/7ppara/iis, pre- undigestible things, frequent in disease and
pared]. I. A
collection of instruments or in ]npgnanry.
devices used for a s])ecial purpose. 2. Anat-
Applanate {ap'-lan-at)\ad, to ; planus, flat].
omically the word is used to designate Horizontally flattened.
collectively the organs performing a certain Applanatio, Applanation {ap lon-a'-she-o,
function. A. ligamentosus colli, the oc- ap-lan-a' -shun) A A.
[1..]. flattening.
cipilo-axoid ligaiiwiit, a broad band at the corneae, flattening of the entire surface of the
front surface of the spinal canal that covers cornea from disease.
the odontoid process. Apple {ap'-l) [ AS. , rt-//^/, an apple]. The
Appendage [ap-en'-ddj) \appcndere, to fruit of the tree, Pyius vialus. A., Adam's.
weigh; hang]. Anything appended, usually See Potnmn adanii. A. -brandy, an alco-
something of minor importance. A., Auricu- holic spirit distilled from cider ;
cider-brandy.
lar, the projecting part of the cardiac auricle. A. Extract. See Extractum
fori poma-
A., Epiploic. See Appendix. A. of the tum. A. -eye, a synonym oi Exophthalmos.
Eye, the eye lashes, eye-brows, lacrymal A. -oil, amyl valerianate.
gland, lacrymal sac and ducts, and conjunc- Applicator {ap' -lik-a-tor) [L.]. An instru-
tiva. A., Ovarian, the parovarium. A. of ment used in making applications.
the Skin, the nails, hairs, sebaceous and Apposition (ap-o-zish' un) \_apponere, to
sweat glands. A., Uterine, the uterine apply The act of fitting together the
to]. ;
ligaments, the Fallopian tulies, and the state of being fitted together.
ovaries.
Apraxia [ah-praks'-e-ah) [d priv.; irpacaeiv,
Appendicectomy {np-cn-dis-ek' -to-uie) {ap- to do]. Soul-blindness; mind-blindness;
pendix : fKTo//;/, excision]. Excision of the object-blindne.ss ; an aflection in which the
appendix. memory for the uses of things is lost, as well
Appendicitis as the understanding for the signs
[ap-cn-dis-i^-tis) \_appendix ; by which
inflammation].
<r/(;, Inflammation of the ap- the things are expressed.
pendix vermiformis. A. obliterans, an in- Aproctia (ah-prok'-te-ah') [d priv.; TzpuKioq,
flammation characterized by the progressive :imi-]. Absence of the anus.
obliteration of the lumen of the a]ipendix, l)y Apron (a'-prun) [ME., apernl. i. A
the disap]:>earance of the epithelial lining and cloth or rubber covering to prevent the
glandular structure. The symptoms are acute clothing from becoming soiled. 2. The
attacks of brief duration, moderate swelling at omentum. A., Hottentot, artificially elong-
the seat of disease, and persistence of tender- ated labia minora. A. of Succor, a canvas
ness in the region of the appendix during the appliance borne by two men. and used for
intermissions. the transportation of wounded jiersons.
Appendicular [ap-en-dik' -ndar') \_appcndi- Aprosexia [np-ro-seks^-e-ah) [d jiriv.; —/yo-
t small appendix].
citla, a Pertaining to the aixfii', togive heed]. A mental disturbance
appendix vermiformis. A. Colic, a spas- consisting in inability to fix the attention upon
modic colicky pain originating in the ap- a subject. An inability to think clearly and
pendix. to comprehend readily what is read or
Appendix [ap-cti' -diks) \_appeiidcrc, to hang heard a condition sometimes observed in
;
upon or to //. Appetidiii-s']. An appendage.

:
, the course of chronic catarrh of the nose or
A. auricularis, the auricular appendage, a of the nose and pharynx.
process of the auricles of the heart. A. Aprosopia [ap-ro-so' -pc-ah) [d priv.; ;r/>dff(j-
cerebri, the pituitary body. A., Ensiform. TTO)', the face]. A
form of fetal monstrosity
See Xiphoid. A. epiploicae, fatty projec- with ]iarlial or com|)lete absence of the face.
tions of the peritf>neum of the large intes- Apselaphesia {ap-srl-af-i' -zf-ah\ [d |iriv.;
tine. A. vermiformis, the small, blind gut \l'///('io//ai(;, touch]. 1 .oss of the tactile sense.
projecting from the cecum. A., Xiphoid. Apsithyria, or Apsithurea [iip-silh-i'-rt-ah.

See Xiphoid. or -u'-re-ah']\a priv.; ijuftvpiiFiVfto whisper].
er Hysteric aphonia, in which the patient not
- -
Apperception (ap sep^- shnu) \_appcr-
apt'i-t',
to
receive]. The conscious rece])tion only loses the voice, but is also unable to
or percej)lion of a sensory impression the ; whisper.
APSYCHIA ARABINOSE
Apsychia [ap-sik'-e-ah) [a priv.; i>vxv, hydrochloric. A. rosae. Dose f^j-f.5ij
spirit]. Unconsciousness; a faint or swoon. (32.0-64.0). A. rosae fortior, used for
Aptyalia, Aptyalism {âp-ti-a' -le-ah, ap-ti'- making rose-water. A. vitae, brandy or
ai-izin)[(i priv.; nrvaAiÊtv,
to spit]. Defi- spirit. In anatomy, A. labyrinthi, the
ciency or absence of saliva. clear fluid existing in the labyrinth of the
Apyonin {ah-pi' -on-in') [a priv.; ttvov, pus]. ear. A. oculi, aqueous humor.
A remedy introduced as a substitute for py- Aquacapsulitis {a-ktuah-kap-sti-U' -lis) [aqua,
oktanin in ophthalmic practice. It is said to waXer, capsida; ir^f, inflammation]. Inflam-
be identical with yellow pyoktanin. Unof. mation of the membrane of Descemet ;
serous
iritis.
Apyretic {ah-pi-ret'-ik) [a priv.; irvpEroQ,
fever].
Without fever. Aquaeductus {ak-we-iiitk'-tits). See Aque-
Apyrexia [ah-pi-reks'-c-ah)\_a priv.; irvpeKTog, duct.
feverish]. Absence of fever. Aquapuncture [ak-ivah-piingk' -chur) [aqua.

Apyrexial [t}/i-pi-rt'h^-c--(7/)l_a-pr'w.; rvvpeKTo^,
water ;
a puncture].
piinctitra , Counter-
feverish]. Pertaining to, of the nature of, irritation by means of a very fine jet of water
or characterized by, apyrexia. impinging upon the skin it is useful in neu-
;
Aqua (rt'-X'r.w//) [L.].

Water. An oxid of ralgic disorders.
hydrogen, having the composition H.Ô. It is a Aquatic (a-kwat'-ik) [aqua, water]. Per-
solid below 32°, a liquid between 32° and taining to water. A. Cancer. Synonym of
212°, vaporizes at 212° at the sea level (bar. Cancriim oris.
760 mm.), giving off vapor of tension equal Aqueduct, or Aquaeductus {ak'-nie-dukt, or
to that of the air. It covers four-fifths of the ak--Lve-
duk'-tus) [aqua, water; ductus, a
surface of the earth, but is never pure in nature, leading]. A canal for the passage of fluid;
containing from a trace of soluble matter, in any canal. A. cerebri, the infundibulum.
rain water, to 26 per cent, of soluble mineral A. cochleae, aqueduct of the cochlea. A.
salts, in the Dead Sea. Water is an essential of Cotunnius, the aqueduct of the vestil)ule,
constituent of all animal and vegetable tissues. extending from the utricle to the posterior
In the human body it forms two per cent, of wall of the pyramid in the brain. A. Fal-
the enamel of the teeth, 77 per cent, of the lopii, the canal in the petrous portion of
ligaments, 78 per cent, of the blood, and 93 the temporal bone through which the facial
per cent, of the urine. Water is a aluable i nerve passes. A. Sylvii, the aqueduct of
antipyretic internally, it is diuretic.
; It is Sylvius, the passageway from the tliird to the
the most useful of all the solvents. A. fourth ventricle, the iter a tcrtio ad quartum
bulliens, boiling water. A. communis, ventriculuin. A. vestibuli, the aqueduct of
common water. A.
destillata, distilled the vestibule of the ear.
water. A. fervens, hot water. A. fluvialis, Aqueous (<?^-/Jr<v-/M) [(7^«rt', water]. Watery.
river-water. A. fontana. well- or spring- A. Chamber of the Eye, the space between
water. A. marina, sea-water. A. pluvialis, the cornea and the lens the iris divides it
;
rain-water. Aqua, in pharmacy, designates into an anterior and a posterior chamber. A.

various medicated waters, as A. ammoniae. :
Extract, a solid preparation of a drug made
Dose rr^ x-xxx (0.65-2.0). A. ammoniae by evaporation of its aqueous solution. A.
fortior, used externally. A. amygdalae Humor, the fluid filling the anterior chamber
amarae. Dose fîj (8.0). A. anethi, dill- of the eye.
water (Ur. Ph.). Dosef^^ss-f^ ij (16.0-64.0). Aquocapsulitis {a-kzvo-kapsn-li'-tis) [aqua,
A. anisi. Dose f ^ss-f îj (16.0-64.0). A. water; capsula, a small box]. Serous iritis
aurantii florum. Dose f_^ss-f_îj (16.0- Aquosity [a kivos'-it-e) [aquositas, watery]
64.0). A. aurantii florum fortior, triple The state or condition of being watery.
or.mge flower water. A. camphorae. Dose Arabic (ar'-ab-ik) [ A/ja 3/Kof Arabic]. Of
'
,
f^ ss-f 5 (16.0-32.0). A.chlori. Dosef':^]-

j
or pertaining to Arabia. A. Acid. See
f,:îv (4.0-16.0). A. chloroformi. Dose Arahiii. A. Gum. See Acacia.
f.^ss-f.îj (16.0-64.0). A. cinnamomi. h.x2ih'\w{ar'-ab-in) [
'
.\/)n3//cof, Arabic], (Cg-

Dose f,5ss-,îj (16.0-64.0) A. creosoti. IIiqOj^j H.Ô. + Arabic acid. trans- A
Dose f.^j-.îv (4.0-16.0). A. destillata, parent, glassy, amorphous mass, an exudate
distilled water. A. fceniculi. Dose f from many plants. It is soluble in water,
_^ j-f .^ ij
(32. 0-64. oV A.fortis. See .-/.v'i/, ,\7/;7V. A. and is the principal constituent of gum arable.
hydrogenii dioxidi, used chiefly locallv. A. Arabic],
Arabinose(r?;-''-^7/'-;;/-(j.f) [' A/)«,?/\(Jf,
lauro-cerasi, cherry-laurel water (
I'.r. Pli.). CjHjgOj. One of the glucoses made from
Dose v-xxx (0.32-2.0). A. menthae pi-
n\^ gum arable on boiling with dilute H2SO^.
peritae. Dose f.5J-f,îj (32.0-64.0). A. It crystallizes in shining prisms that melt at
menthae viridis. Dose f^j-f^îj (32.0- 100° is slightlv soluble in cold water, has
;
64.0). A. pimentae (Br. Ph.). Dosef_^ss- a sweet taste, and reduces Fehling's solution,
f5ij (i6.i>-64.o). A.regia. See .-/., A7/;-o- but is not fermented by yeast.
ARABITE ARCIIAMPIIIASTER
Arabite [ar^-aii-ii) J['Af)a(3iK6(;, Aral)ic], C^- strawberry tree] (C,,^H,gO,)2H./).
, A bitter
H,.^( Jj.
A
substance formed from arabinose glucosid obtained from Lh'a ursi, or bear-
by the action of sodium amalgam. It crys-
berry. It is neutral, crystalline, and resolv-
tallizes from hot alcohol in shining needles, ai)le into glucose and It
hydroquinon. is
melting at 102°. It has a sweet taste, but tliuretic. Dose xv-xxx See
gr. (1. 0-2.0).
does not reduce Fehling's solution. i'va ursi.
Arachnitis {(ir-ak-ni' -tis) [«/)«î7/, a spider's Arbutus (tir-bu'-tits) [L.]. A genus of eri
web ; inflammation].
ltk;, Inflammation of caceous shrubs and trees. A. menziesii,
the arachnoid membrane of the brain. the madrono of California, lias an astringent
Arachnoid [ixr-ak'-noid) \af)axvi], a spider's bark, useful in diarrheas. Unof. A. unedo,
web; c/'(iof, form]. Resembling a web. A. the European arluUus; astringent and nar-
Membrane, the delicate membrane of the cotic. A., Trailing. See Epigaa.
brain and cord between the dura and pia Arc {ark) \arctis, a bow]. A part of the
mater. It is separated from the latter by circumference of a circle a more or less
;
the subarachnoid space, and passes over the curved passage-way. A., Binauricular,
convolutii^jns without dipping down into the a measurement from the center of one
fissures between them. auilitory meatus to the other, directly up-
Arachnoidal {ar-ak iioid' al") [a/jdji'77, a
- -
ward across the top of the head. A., Breg-
spider's web; eiJor, form]. Pertaining to mato-lambdoid, a measurement along tlie
the arachnoid. sagittal suture. A., Naso-bregmatic, a line
Arack [ar'-ak) [///</.].
A spirituous liquor measured from the root of the nose to the
distilled from palm-sap, etc.
rice, dates, bregma. A., Naso-occipital, measurement
Araeometer {ar-e-otn' -et-er). ê.^ Areometer. from the root of the nose to the lowest
Aralia {ar-a' -le-afi) [L.]. A genus of plants, occipital protuberance. A., Reflex, the path-
order Araliacetc, embracing several species, way for a reflex act, comprising the center,
having aromatic, diaphoretic, and resolvent the afferent and efferent nerve.
properties. Ginseng, wild sarsaparilla, ]ietty Arcanum [ar ka' -uuiii) [<?;( v/;/?/w,
a secret].
morrel, and other jilants esteemed in pojuilar A secret medicine.
medicine belong here few have active
;
Arcate (ar'-kdl) [arcatus, bow'-shaped].
qualities of high value in any disease. Unof. Bow- shaped curved; arcuate.
;
Aran-Duchenne's Disease. See Disaises, Arch [arcus, a bow].

[ari/i) A structure
Table of. having a curved outline resembling that of
Araneous [ar-a'-ne-us) \_araiiea, a spider's an arc or a l)ow. A., Aortic, five pairs of
web]. Full of webs; resembling a cobweb. vascular arches existing in the fitus. A.,
A. Membrane, the arachnoid. Branchial, the cartilaginous arches that
Arantius, Bodies of. See Corpus. A., support the gills of fishes. In the human
Canal of. See Caual. A., Duct of. See fetus they are also present. A., Crural,
Diat. A., Nodules of. See Arantitts, Poupart's ligament. A., Femoral, same
Bodies of. A., Valves of. See Valvulie as A., Crural. A., Palmar, the arch
Araiitii. A., Ventricle of, a small cul- formed by the radial artery and ulnar
de-sac in the medulla oblongata, forming the arteries in the jialm of the hand there ;
lower termination of the fourth ventricle. are two, a superficial and a deep. A., Plan-
Araroba {ûr-ar-o'-hah) [Brazil]. Goa Poiv- tar, the arch made by the external jilantar
der. An oxidation jiroduct of the resin artery. A., Postoral, arches in the fetus,
found deposited in the wood of the trunk of five in number, that develop into the lower
the A. andira of Brazil. Its active principle jaw and throat. See A. Branchial. A. of ,
is Chrysarobin or Chrysophanie acid. It is Pubes, that part of the pelvis formed by the
largely used in skin affections. convergence of the rami of the iscliia and
Arbor {ar'-bor) [L.]. A tree. A name for pubes on each side. A., Supraorbital, the
the arbor vitce cerebellum.
of the A. curved and prominent margin of the frontal
vitae, I. a tenn applied to the arborescent bone that forms the upper boundary of the
appearance of a section of the cerebellum, orbit. A. of a Vertebra, the part of a
and also to a similar appearance of the vertebra formed of two pedicles and two
folds of the interior of the cervix uteri. 2. laminae and enclosing the spinal foramen.
The Thuja occidcntalis. A., Zygomatic, the arch formed by the
Arborescent (âr-bor-es'-etil^ \ârbor,& tree].
malar and temporal bones.
ISranching like a tree. Archameba [ark-am-c'-bah) [(i/'V/. primi-
Arborization [ar-bor-iz-a' -tion) \_arbor, a tive; anoiîi, change]. Ilacckel's
hypo-
A form of nerve termination in tluHic progenitor of all amclxv and of all
tree].
which nerve-fiber is brought into contact with liiglu fiirms of life.
1
muscle fiber by means of an expansion. Archamphiaster, or Archiarnphiaster {ark-

Arbutin [ar'-bu-lin) \ârbi</ns, the wild am-fe-as'der, or ar-kcamfe-as'-Ur) ["/'A:^,
ARCHANGELICA AREA
first; afi(pl, around; acr^^), star]. In biol- matter similar to litmus, chiefly obtained from
the lichen, Roccella tinctoria ; used for
ogy, those aniphiasters concerned
in tlie pro-
duction of the polar globules. staining animal tissues.
Archangelica ( ark-an-jel'-ik-ah ) {jipx'iy-
Archimonerula {ar-ke-mon-er' -u-lah) \jipxii,
-jiXtKoi,archangel]. A
genus of umbellifer- iirst ; single, solitary].
uovrjprjc, In embry-
ous plants. See Angelica. ology, a special name given by liaeckt- 1 to the
Archebiosis [ar-ke-bi-o' -sis) [rtfJ^'/, the be- monerula stage of an egg undergoing primi-
Spontaneous gener- tive and total cleavage.
ginning; ^(Of, life].
ation. Archimorula {ar-ke-nior' -u-lah) [d/JA'/> first ;
Archegenesis {ark-e-jen' -es-is). The same a mulberry].

jj.upi)v, In embryology, the
as Archt'biosis. solid mass of cleavage cells, or mulheriy
Archenteron {ark-en' ter-on) {jipxh-,
a begin- mass, arising from the segmentation of an
ning ; Ivrepov, intestine]. The embryonic ali- archicytula,and preceding the archiblastula
mentary cavity. and archigastrula.
Archetype {ar'-ke-tlf) \a.pxv, a beginning; Archineuron [ar' -che-nu-ron) \jipxVt begin-
ri'Tof,a type]. In comparative anatomy, an ning tienron^
; See JVeuroii, 2d definition.
ideal type or form with which the individuals Archinephron {ar-ke-nef -roii) \apx'i, begin-
or classes may be compared. standard A ning ; vEippoc, kidney]. The primitive or
embryonic stage of the kidney or renal appara-
Archiblast (ar'-ke-blast) \apx'U first; p.an- tus.
rof, germ]. In embryology, the granular Archistome (ar'-kis-low) [a/j^v'/i

first ; arofta,
areola surrounding the germinal vesicle. It mouth]. The gastrula mouth or opening
is composed of three layers, the outer, or of the archenteron ; blastoporus.
epiblast, from which the skin and its adnexa, Architis [ar-ki'-tis) \_apxo^, anus]. Procti-
tile nervous system, and the terminal portions tis ;
inflammation of the anus.
of the alimentary canal are formed ; the mid- Arciform [ai'-se-form) [aniis, bow arch ; ;
dle, or mesoblast^ from which the epithelium fonna, form]. Bow-shaped; especially used
of the genito urinary organs and the smooth to designate certain sets of fibers in the
and striated muscle-tissue are derived and ;
medulla oblongata.
the inner, or hypoblast, for the development of Arctation {ark-ta'-shiin) \_arctaiio ; arctare,
the epithelium of the respiratory tract and of to d'aw close together]. Contraction of an
the alimentary canal. In pathology, the im- opening or canal.
portant tissues of the body as contrasted Arctium [ark' -she-urn) [I-]. Burdock. See
with the parablast, or connective tissues. Lappa.
Archiblastic [ar-kc-blas'-tik) \apxî ^rst ;
Arcual [ar' -kti-al) \arcualis, arched].
fikadToc,, germ]. Derived from the archi- Arched bent or curved.
;
blast. The parenchymatous tissues are re- Arcuate {ar'-ku-at) \arcuatio, a bowing].
garded as archiblastic. Arched curved bow-shaped. A. Fibers
; ;
Archiblastoma {ar-ke-blas-to' -malt) ['Vx')> of the Cerebellum, associating fibers con-

first; liAaaroc, germ; dim, a tumor]. A necting one lamina with ani ther. A. Fibers
tumor composed of archiblastic tissue, such of the Cerebrum, associating fibers con-
as myoma, neuroma, papilloma, adenoma, necting adjacent convolutions.
carcinoma, etc. Arcuation [ar-kua'-shun) [arcuatio. a bow-
Archiblastula {ar-ke-blas'-tu-lali) [npx'i, ing]. Curvature, es])ecially of a bone.
first;/J/'iaffror,
a germ or bud]. In embry- Arcus iar'-kus) [arcus, a bow]. A bow or
ology, a ciliated, vesicular morula, resulting arch. A. dentalis, the dental arcli. A.
from complete and regular yelk-division and senilis, a ring of fatty degeneration seen
by invagination forming the archigastrula. about tlie periphery of the cornea in old
Archicytula [ar-ke-sit'-u-laJi) \_apx'h a be- persons. A. senilis lentis, an opaque
ginning; KiVaf a cell]. A fertilized egg-cell
, ring in the equator of the crystalline lens it ;
in which the nucleus is discernible. sometimes occurs in the old. A. zygomati-

Archigaster [ar-kc-gas'-ter] \apxri, first ; cus, the zygomatic arch.
yaaTtjp, belly]. The primitive, perfectly Ardor {ar'-dor) \ârdor, heat]. Violent heat,
simple intestine ;
archenteron. burning. A. urinas, burning pain in the in-
Archigastrula (ar-ki-gas'-trn-lah) [r;/),iv),
flamed urethra during micturition.
beginning; yaari/p, belly]- The gastrula as Area (a'-j-e-ah) [<7;-iV7, an open space]. A
it is observed in the most
primitive types of limited extent of surface. A. Celsi. See '
animal development called also bell-gas-

; Alopecia areata. A., Cohnheim's, certain i
trula from its shape. clear-cut areas seen in a transverse section of

Archigenesis iar-kc-jen' -es-is). See Ar- muscle-fibers. A., Crural, a space at the
chebiosis. base of the brain included between the pons
Archil {ar'-kil) [ME., orchell\ A coloring and chiasm. A. germinativa, orc-w/'/jw"'
ARECA NUT ARISTO LOCHIA
spot, tlie oval germinatins; spot of the eml)ryo. equal amount of pota.ssium nitrate. A.
A., Motor, the convolutions on either side nitras fusum, " stick caustic," contains four
of the rolandic fissure, containing the centers per cent, of silver chlorid. It is used locally.
for voluntary motion. A. opaca, the opa(|iie A. oxidum, Ag./), explosive when treated
circle about the A. pcllncida. A. pellucida, with ammonia. Dose gr. yi-V]
(0.032-0.13).
the light central portion of the A. genninativa. A. vivum, an old name for mercury or
A. vasculosa, the vascular area of the A. quicksilver.
opaca. Argilla {ar-jil'-ah) {hpyikloq, potter's clay].
Areca Nut [ar'-ek-ah). See Betel. White or potter's clay ; alumina.
Arecane, Arekane {ar' -ek-aii) [Malay], An Argol [ar'-gol] [a/>j'oc, white]. The imjiure
oily and volatile basic substance obtainable tartar derived from wine.
from areca nut said to be a purgative and
;
Argon [ar'-gon) [npydc, inactive]. new A
sialagogue, and to slow the pulse. Unof. element discovered in the almosi«here in
Arecin [Sp.. airca'], C^^\l^f^.f).
[ar'-es-in) 1S94 by Lord Rayleigh and I'rof Ramsey.
I. An organic base isomeric with brucin, de- Its symbol is A the atomic weight has not
;
rived from cinchona bark. 2. brown-red A been definitely determined, but is thouglit to
coloring matter, obtained from areca nuts ;
be 19.7. It is soluble to the extent of 4
areca red. volumes in 100 of water, and condenses to a
Areola (ar-e' -o-lah) [dim. of area, an open colorless liquid at —
128.6° C. and under a
space //. , Areohe\. I. The brownish space
:
pressure of 33 atmospheres, the liquid having
surrounding the nijjple of the female breast. a density of 1.5. Argon may be obtained ijy
This is sometimes called Areola papillaris. A freeing air which has been deprived of its
second areola, surrounding this, occurs during carbon dioxid and water, from oxygen by
pregnancy. The pigmentation about the means of red-hot copper, and then absorbing
umbilicus is called the umbilical areola. 2. the nitrogen by means of metallic magne-
Any interstice or minute space in a tissue. sium. The residual gas, the jjassage of the
Areolar [ar-e^-o-lar) \_areola, dim. of area, gases being repeated a number of times, is
an open space]. Relating to or characterized argon. Chemically, it is the most inert ele-
by areola;. A. Tissue, cellular tissue ;
loose ment yet known.
connective tissue. Argyll Robertson Pupil. See Signs and
Argentamiii \_argcn/uin,
{âr-jei!-ta»i'-i>i) Syiiiplonis, Table of, and Pupil.
silver ; amin'\. A
solution of silver phos- Argyria (ar-ji'-re-ali) \argentum, silver].
phate in
ethylendiamin. It is an antiseptic A form of discoloration of the skin and mu-
agent that does not coagulate albumin. cous membranes produced by the prolonged
Argentation {(ir-jen-ta' -shuii) \_argentum, administration of silver, the granules of
Staining with a preparation of silver.
. silver being deposited in much the same
po-
silver]
Argentic (ar-jen'-tik) \_argenium, silver]. sition as those of the natural pigment of the
Containing silver. skin.

Argentine \_argen!it)ii,
(ar'-je^t-tin') silver]. Argyrosis [ar-Ji-ro'-sis). Same as Argyria,
Containing or resembling silver. '^-

''•
. . .,
Argentum [âr-jen-'tu»t) [L.]. Silver. Agj= Arhinia [ali-rin'-e-ah) [a priv.; /j/f, nose].
loS quantivalence,
; specific gravity, 10.4
I ; Congenital absence of the nose.
to 10.5. A malleable and ductile metal of Arhythmia {ar-ith'-me-ali). See Arrhyth-
brilliantwhite luster. It tarnishes only in the mia.
presence of free sulphur, sulphur gases, and Arica Bark. Calisaya bark exported from
the alkaloid,
phosphorus. The following salts are used in Arica, Peru. contains
It
medicine : A. cyanidum, AgCN, used in aricin.

the preparation of hydrocyanic acid. A. Aricin {ar'-is-in) [Arica, in Peru], C,.,H._,,;-
iodidum, Agl, sometimes used internally N./)^. An alkaloid obtained from several
instead of A. nitras. Dose gr. J-/-J (0.016- varieties of cinchona bark.
0.065). A. nitras, AgNO,, nitrate of Aristol (ar'-is-lol) \_ajuaToq, best], (Cgll.,-

" lunar a Dithymol-iodid. It is
silver, argentic nitrate, caustic," CH/JLC,!!,),^.
powerful astringent and an escharotic of also called annidalin, although this is ilithy-
I
moderate strength. It stains skin and other mol-triiodid. An iodin compound used as a
tissues black. If too long administered, it substitute for iodoform as an antiseptic dress-
It has the advantage of being odor-
I
leaves a slate-colored, insoluble deposit of ing.

silver under the skin [Argyria). It is used less, and is used either
in the powder form
I
I
in gastric catarrh, in gastric ulcer, in intestinal or as a five to ten per cent, ointnunl wilii
ulceration, and as an alterative in scleroses of vaselin or lanolin.
the nervous system. Dose gr. \^-% (o.oi- Aristolochia {ar-is-fo-lo'-kc-ah) [.ip'ffrof,
0.032). A. nitras dilutum, the mitigated best; loxi^'ni, the lochia]. A

genus of exo-
with an of whicii have
caustic, or diluted stick, is fused genous herbs, many species
ARISTOLOCHIN ARSENATE
active medicinal qualities. A. clematitis, is
superior to the tincture for local use. A.,
of Europe, has been used as a tonic, stimu- Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose IT^v-xxx (0.32-
lant, and diaphoretic. A. cymbifera, of S. 2.0). A. Rad., Tinct., 10 percent. Dose
America, furnishes a part of the drug called n\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). Arnicae flores, arnica
Guaco, and is a good tonic and stimulant. flowers. Arnicae radix, the root of arnica.
A. serpentaria (see Ser/>t'/i/aria) is at pres- Arnicin [ar'-jtis-iii) [âriiica'\, C^,jH.,|,( )^.
A
ent more used in medicine than any other brownish, bitter glucosid extracted from the
species. flowers oi Arnica iiiontana.
Aristolochin [ar-is-to-lo'-kin^ [lipârof, best ; Arnold's Nerve. The auricular branch of
Pio YE'a, the lochia]. Abitter principle found the pneumogastric nerve.
in Virginia snake-root. See Serpentaria. Aroma {ar-o'-mali) [a/xj/za, spice]. The
Aristotle's Experiment. The double feel- fragrance or odor emanating from certain
ing experienced by the fingers when a single vegetable substances, especially those used
pebble is placed between the crossed fingers for food and drink.
of one hand. Aromatic (ar-o-niat'-ik') [ayxj/za, spice], i.
Arithmomania [ar-it/i-ino-r>ia^-iie-ah) [(';/<- Having a spicy odor. 2. A
substance char-
lO/wr, a number; fiavia, madness]. An acterized by a fragrant, spicy taste and odor,
insane anxiety with regard to the numlier of as cinnamon, ginger, the essential oils, etc.
things that fall under the observation. Some- 3. A qualification applied to any car-
times it consists in constant or uncalled-for bon compound originating from benzin, Cg-
counting, either of objects or in mere re- H^. Their stability is relatively great as com-
peating of consecutive numbers. pared with that of the fatty bodies. A.
Arlt's Ointment. An ointment containing Acids, those derived from the benzin group
grs. viiss of belladonna to ^)}{ of blue oint- of hydrocarbons. A. Compound, any benzyl
ment. derivative. A. Fluid Extract, aromatic
Arm [ar/n) \_arma/r, to a.rm'j. I. That part of powder 100, alcohol sulficient to make lOO
the upper extremity from the shoulder to CO. A. Group, a series of hydrocarbons
the wrist. 2. That portion of the stand having the composition C,yII,^. A. Pow-
connecting the body or tube of a microscope der. See CiiiiiaiiioniuDi. A. Sulphuric
to the pillar. A. Center, the cortical center Acid. See Acid, Sulphuric. A. Vinegar,
for the movement of the arm it is situated
; any mixture of aromatic oils in vinegar.
in the middle third of the ascending frontal A. "Wine, a wine containing in each 100
and ascending parietal convolutions. parts, one part each of lavender, origanum,
Armature (ar^-r/iaZ-e/iur) \_armatura, equip- peppermint, rosemary, sage, and worm-
ment]. A mass of soft iron at the extremity wood.
of a magnet. Also, the core of iron around Aromin [ar-o^-min) [apu/ia, spice]. An al-
which coils of insulated wire are wound. kaloid obtainable from urine. When heated
Army Itch [ar'-me itch). A distressing, it emits a
fragrant odor.
chronic form of itch prevalent in the United Arrack {ar'-ak) [Ind.]. A liquor distill-d
States at the close of the civil war. The from malted rice. Any alcoholic liquor is
itching was intense. The eruption was seen called arrack in the East.
especially on the arms, forearms, chest, ab- Arrector [ar-ek'-tor) [L., an erector]. An
domen, and lower extremities, particularly erector. A. pili, a fan-like arrangement of a
on the ulnar side of the forearm and inner layer of smooth muscular fibers surrounding
aspect of the thigh. It resembled jjrurigo the hair follicle, the contraction of which
associated with vesicles, pustules, and ep- erects the follicle and produces cutis anscrina,
zema. or " goose-skin."
Arnica (ar'-nik-ali) [L.].
'
A
genus of com- Arrhinia {ah-rin'-e-ah). Same as Arhinia.
posite-flowered plants. The name in medi- Arrhythmia {^nh-rith' -]ne-ah^\a-^x\s .; pvdfio^,
cine denotes the plant commonly known as rhythm]. Absence of rhythm.
•'
Leopard's bane,".-/, inontana. Both flowers Arrhythmic {ah-rith'-inik) [a priv. ; pvOfiog,
and roots are used in medicine. Its properties rhythm]. Without rhythm ; irregular.
are probably due to an 7iSkv\o\A,triinethyla tni u , Arrow-poison (iTr'-o-poi' -zuii). See Curare.
C^HgN. In small doses it is a cardiac stimu- Arrowroot {ar'-o-root) [ME., arow ; i-oote'\.
lant in larger doses a depressant.
; It is a A variety of starch derived from Maranta
popular remedy, when locally applied, for arundinacca of the West Indies, Southern
sprains, bruises, and surface wounds. A., States, etc. It is a popular remedy for diar-
Emplastrum, contains extract of root 33, rhea, and is widely used as a food. Many
lead plaster 67 parts. A. Radicis, Ext. other starchy preparations are sold as arrow-
Dose gr. j-iij (0.065-0.2). A. Rad., Ext. root.
Fid. Dose n\^v-xx (0.32-1.3). A., Infu- Arsenate, or Arseniate (ar'-seii-at, or ar-se'-
sum, 20 parts flowers, 100 parts water. It Hc-ai) \j.irsenuiii^. Any salt of arsenic acid-
ARSENUM ARTERIOTOMY
Arsenum (ar-se'-nuni). As = 75 ! quanti- ture or tissue that has been changed from
valcnce 111, V. A brittle, crystalline metal, its natural state.
of a steel-gray color, tarnishing on exposure Artemisia {ar-tem-iz'-e-ah) y K^tTefur, the

to the air. Sp. gr. 5- 73- ^t sublimes at i8o° goddess Diana]. A genus oi plants of the
C, and gives off a garlicky odor. It forms ortler Co/npositce. A. abrotanum. Southern
two oxids arsenous oxid, AsÔ^, and arsenic
:
7000(1, is stimulant, tonic, and vermifuge, and
oxid, As.Ôj. The sulphids aie used as pig- is
popularly used as a vulnerary. It is simi-
ments in the arts, rarely in medicine. lar in properties to wormwood. Dose of Hd.
Scheele's green is copper arsenite ; Schwein- ext. Tr\^x-xx
(0.65-1.3). Unof. A. absin-
furth and Paris-green likewise contain arsenic. thium, 'îiit Absinthe. A. maritima affords
Arsenic is also an ingretlient of certain poisons pure wormseed. A. vulgaris, mugwort, a
used against rodents and insects. In medi- popular remedy in various diseases.
cine, arsenic is used as an alterative in ane- Arteria (ar-le' -re-ah) [dprepia, the trachea]
mias, chronic malaria, asthma, phthisis pul- A hollow tube. See Artery.
monalis, as a gastric sedative, and in chorea. Arterial [ar-te'-re-al] [a/^rt/j/a, the trachea].
Arsenous Acid, white arsenic, "ratsbane," Pertaining to an artery.
As^.O.,- Dose gr. 3^- ro (0.002-0.006). A., Arterialization [ar -te-re-al- iz - a'- shun)
Acidi, Liquor ( Liq. arsenici hydrochloride 13. [apTEfAa, the trachea]. The process of mak-
P. ) a I per cent, solution of the oxid in hydro-
, ing or becoming arterial ; the change from
chloric acid and distilled water. Dose tTLij- venous blood into arterial.
V (0.13-0.32). Ferri Arsenias, FcgAs/)^. Arterin (ar' - tcr in) -
[aprepia, trachea].
Dose gr. xg-.j (0.004-0.03). Liq. arsenici Hoiipe-Seyler's term for the arterial blood-
hydrochlor. (B. P.). Dose rt\îj-v (0.13- pigment as contained in the red cor[uiscles.
0.32). Potassii arsenitis, Liq. {Liquor Arteriocapillary [ar-te- re-o kap' -il -a-re)
-
Arsenicalis, B. P.). Fowler's solution. It \apTtpia, trachea; capillus, a hair]. Per-

contains A. acid i, potass, bicarbonate i, comp. taining to arteries and capillaries. A.
tinct. lavender 3, and distilled water q. s. to Fibrosis, a chronic intlammatory process
make loo parts. Dose TTLij-x (0.13-0.65). characterized by an overgrowth of connective
Sodii arsenias, Na.2HAs(J^.7H2(). Dose of tissue in the walls of the blood-vessels. It
the dried salt gr. j^j-j-V (0.0025-0.005). Sodii is also known as arteriocapillary fibrosis
arseniatis, Liq., Pearson's solution. Dose of Gull and Sutton.
tTîj-x (o. 13-0.65). A. iodidum, Asl.,. Dose Arteriofibrosis [ar-te-re-o-fi-bro'-sis). See
gr. (0.003-0.008).
-}^~l;
A. et hydrargyri Arteriocapillarv Fibrosis.
iod., Liq., liquor of the iodid of arsenic and Arteriogram [ar-te' -re-o-gram). ?\Qe Sphyg-
mercury. Donovan's solution. It contains A. mogram.
iodid I, mercuric iodid I, distilled water 100 Arteriography {itr-tc-re-og' -ra-fe) \apTzpia,
Dose A. bro- trachea; ^pdipr/, a writing]. I. A
parts. rrLij-x (0.13-0.65). descrip-
midum, is used in diabetes. Dose gr. tion of the arteries. 2. The graphic repre-
AsBr^,
^L (o.ooi). A. bromidi, Liq., Clemens' sentation of the pulse waves.
solution, a one per cent, solution of the bromid Arteriole [ar-te' -re-ol) \_artcriola'\. A very
of arsenic. Dose TTLJ-iv (0.065-0.26). small artery. A., Straight, the small blood-
Arsenical [ar-sen'-ik-al^îxrseniurn, arsenic]. vessels that supply the medullary pyramids
Pertaining to arsenic. of the kidneys.
Arsenicalism, Arsenism {ar-sen'-ik al-izm, Arteriology [ar te re ol' -0 je) \aprzpia,
- - - -
ar'-sen-iz))i) \jjrscnnnt, arsenic]. Chronic trachea; /ioôf, science]. The science of

arsenical poisoning. the arteries ; the anatomy, physiology, and
Arsenite {ar' -sen-it) \arseni(in, arsenic]. pathology of the arteries.
Any salt of arsenous acid. Arteriomalacia [ar - te- re- o >nal - a' - se- ah)
Arsenous [ar-se^-ttiis) [arsenum, arsenic]. [aprf/»(7, trachea; //aAa/c/a, softness].
Soft-
Containing arsenic. A. Acid, 'iêe Arsenic. ening of the wall of an artery.

Arsins {<j>''-sinz) \_arsenum, arsenic]. Pe- Arteriosclerosis [ar te -re-o skle ro'- - -
si> )
culiar volatile arsenical bases found by Selmi [iiprepia, trachea an/^j/pog,

; hard]. A
to be produced by the contact of arsenous chronic inflammation of the arterial walls,
acid and albuminous substances. especially of the intima.
Arsonium {ar-so^-ne-u»i) \_arscnum,?ixse.n\c\ Arteriosclerotic [ar
-
te - re-o -
shle -
rot'- ih)
am>noniuni'\, AsH^. A
univalent radical in [d^j-fyxn, trachea;
a k?. r/ p6 (, tiardl. Pertain-
which arsenic replaces the nitrogen of am- ing to arteriosclerosis. A. Kidney, a
intlam-
monium. kidney the seat of chronic interstitial
Artefact by wc\.\ factum,
{ar'-te-fakt) [sr/c, mation affecting primarily the blood-vessels.
made]. In microsco])y and histology, a Arteriosity [ar -
te -
re-os'-it-e) [nprepin,
structure that has been produced by mechanic, trachea].The quality of being arterial.
chemic, or other artificial means ;
a struc- Arteriotomy [ar-te-re-ot'-o-me) [iipzspia.
6
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TEMPORAL A
POSTAURICULAR A
OCCIPITAL A. TRANSVERSE FACIAL
EXTERNAL CAROTID FACIAL A.

J^t-Mji^.)
JNTERNAL CAROTID COMMON CAROTID A.
SUP. THYROID INF. THYROID A.
THYROID AXIS
VERTEBRAL A.
SUBCLAVIAN A.
ANASTOMOSIS AT ARCH OF AORTA

SHOULDER
AXILLARY A,
CEPHAL CAVA
CIRCUMFLEX ARTERIES
BRACHIAL A SUPERIOR
PROFUNDA A.
CAUDAL CAVA BRACHIAL A.
COELIAC AXIS INFERIOR

PROFUNDA A.
ANASTOMOSIS AT ANASTOMOTICA
ELBOW MAGNA A,
INTEROSSEOUS RADIAL
/ RECURRENT A.
RADIAL A.
ULNAR
ULNAR A RECURRENT
ARTERIES
VOLAR A \ INTER
OSSEOUS A.
DEEP
PALMAR ARCH ULNAR A.
SUPERFICIAL RADIAL A.
PALMAR ARCH
— ABDOMINAL
AORTA
PALMAR
ANASTOMOSIS
DORSAL
ARTERIAL
ANASTOMOSIS
iNT,_ ILIAC A.
COMMON ILIAC A.
COMMON FEMORAL
EXT. ILIAC A.
DEEP FEMORAL A.
SUP FEMORAL A.
SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL POPLITEAL A.
ANASTOMOSIS ANT. TIBIAL A.

KNEE
PERONEAL A,
POST TIBIAL A.
MALLEOLAR BRANCHES
OF
ABOVE ARTERIES
PLANTAR ANASTOMOSIS DORSAL ARTERIAL ANASTOMOSIS
Scheme of Arteries. — {Hewson.)

ARTERIOVENOUS ARTERIES
trachea ; rt/ivEiv, to cut]. The cutting or Artery {ar'-ter-e) \arteria ; aprefua, trachea].
opening of an artery for the purpose of letting One of the tube-like vessels
through which
blood. The temporal artery is generally se- the blood is propelled by tlie heart to all
lected.
parts of the body. Arteries end in arterioles
Arteriovenous {(ir-te-re-o-ve'-nus) \iij)Tt:pia, and capillaries. They are com[X)sed of three
trachea; vena, vein]. Both arterial and ve- coats: the outer, or tunica adventitia ; the
nous involving an artery and a vein, as an
;
middle, or tunica media, the muscular coat:
arteriovenous aneurysm. the internal, or intima, of endo-
comix)sed
Arterioversion {ay-le-re-o-VL'r'-shiiii') [aîrc- tlielial cells, fibrous and elastic tissue. A.
pia, trachea; z'ertere, to turn]. Weber's Compressor, A. Constrictor, an instru-
method of arresting hemorrhage by turning ment for occluding an artery for the pur-
vessels inside out by means of an instrument pose of arresting or preventing hemorrhage.
cilled the arterioverter. A., End, or A., Terminal, an artery that
Arterioverter. See Arterioversion. does not anastomose with other arteries
by
Arteritis (ar te-ri'-iis) [a/crep/a, trachea /r«f , ; means of large branches there is usually a
;
inflammation]. Inflammation of an artery. A. capillary anastomosis. A. Forceps, a for-

deformans. See Endarteritis, Chronic. A. ceps for catching or twisting an arleiy. A
Obliterans. See Endarteritis obliterans. table of the arteries is
appended.
TABLE OF ARTERIES.
Name.
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TABLE OF AKTY-RIY.^— Continued.
Name.
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TABLE OF ARTERIES— Confmued.
Name.
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TABLE OF ARTERIES— G?«//«M^^.
Name.
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TABLE OF ARTERIES— C^«//«Kâ'.
Name.
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TABLE OF ARTERIES— Confimeeif.
Name.
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TABLE OF ARTERIES— Continued.
Name.
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TABLE OF ARTERIES — Conimued.
Name.
ARTERIES ARTERIES
TABLE OF ARTERIES— Coniinue^/.
Name.
ARTHRAGRA ARTIAD
TABLE OF AWIKPAY.?,— Continued.
Name.
ARTICULAR ARTIFICIAL
Articular (ar-tik' -u-lar) \articularis, of the the shouklers and the nates. Dew's Method .
joinlb]. Pertaining to an articulation or tiie infant is

grasped in the left liand, allow-
joint. ing the neck to rest between the thumb and
Articulate divide
{tir-tik' -u-lat) \jirtuiilare, to forefinger, the head falling far over backward.
in joints]. divided into joints, distinct.
1 A. The upper portion of the back and scapula;
Speech, the communication of ideas ijy rest in thepalm of the hand, the other three
spt)ken words. fmgers being inserted in the axilla of the
Articulation (ar-tik-u-la' -shun) \_articulus, babe's left arm, raising it upward and out-
a joint]. I. A joint a connection between
; ward. The right hand grasps the babe's
two or more bones, wliether allowing move- knees, and the lower portion of the body is
ment between them or not. The articulation.s depressed to favor inspiration. The move-
are divided into: (i) Synarthroses, immov- ment is reversed to favor expiration, the head,
able, subdivided into schindyleses, or grooved shoulders, and chest being brought forward
joints, gotnphoses in sockets, as the teeth,
, and the thighs pres.sed upon the abdomen.
and suturic, as in the bones of the skull (2) ; Forest's Method : the child is placed on its
Diarthroses, or movable joints, subdivided face and quick, firm pressure is made on
into the arthrodia, or gliding joints, the ging- the back then it is placed in a pail of hot
;
lytiius, or hinge like, the enarthroses, or ball- water, and the hands carried upward until
and-socket joints (3) Amp/iiarihroses, or
; the child is suspended by its arms, and
those of a mixed type. 2. The enunciation mouth-to-mouth insufflation is practised tlie ;
of spoken speech. arms are then lowered and the body doubled
Articulo mortis, In [ar-tik' -u-lo~mor' -tis) forward these movements are repeated at
;
[L.J. At the moment of death. In the act the rate of 40 per minute. HalP s Method :
of dying. by turning the body alternately upon the side
Artifact [ar' -te-fakt) {arte, by art; factum, or face to compress the chest, and then ujxjn
made]. See Artefact. the back to allow the lungs to expan<l. IIoio-
Artificial {ar-te-fish' -al) [artifcialis']. Made ard's Method : by pressure upon the lower
or imitated by art. A. Anus, an opening in ribs every few seconds. Pacini's Method :
the abdomen or loin to give exit to tiie feces. for resuscitating asphyxiated infants. The
A. Eye, a lilife of glass, celluloid, rubber, child lying on its back, the operator stands at
etc., made imitation of the front part
in itshead, and grasps the axilhe, pulling the
of the globe of the eye and worn in the shoulders forward and upward to comi)ress
socket or over a blind eye for cosmetic the thorax, and allowing them to fall in order
reasons. A. Feeding, the feeding of to expand the chest. Sattert/nvaite's Method :
an infant by other means than mother's pressure upon the abdomen alternating with
milk. Various mixtures and foods are to be relaxation to allow descent of the diaphragm.
had, such as Notch's, Biedert's
Meigs's, Schra'der's Method.- the liabe while in a bath
Mixtures, etc. See
Table at C7id of this issupported by the operator on the back, its
article. A. Leech. See Leech. A. Palate, head, arms, and pelvis being allowed to fall
a mechanical contrivance for supplying the backward a forceful expiration is then ef-
;
loss of the whole or a portion of the hard or fected by bending up the babe over its belly,
soft palate, or bolh. A. Pupil, removal of a thereby compressing the thorax. Schultse's
piece of the iris [iridectomy, iridodialysis, Alethod : the child is seized from behind
etc.), to allow the light to pass through the with both hands, by the .shoulders, in such a
opening. A. Respiration, the aeration of way that the right index finger of the oper-
the blood by artificial means. A method of ator is in the right axilla of the child from be-
inducing the normal function of respiration hind forward, and the left index finger in the
when from any cause it is temporarily in abey- left axilla, the thumbs hanging loosely over
ance, as in asphyxia neonatorum, drowning, the clavicles. The other three fingers hang
etc. Bains Method : a modification of Syl- diagonally downward along the back of the
vester's method, the axilla itself being seized thorax. The operator stands with his feet
so that the traction is made directly upon the apart and holds the child as above, iiraclically
pectoral muscles. Byrd's [fl. L.) Method : hanging on the index fingers in the first posi-
the physician's hands are placed under the tion, with the feet downward, the whole
middle portion of the child's back with their weight resting on the index fingers in tlie
ulnar borders in contact and at right angles axilhe, the head being supported by the ulnar
to the spine. With the thumbs extended, borders of the hands. This is the first in-
the two extremities of the trunk are carried spiratory position. At once tiie oiieralor
forward by gentle but firm pressure, so that swings the child gently forward and ujiward.
they form an angle of 45 degrees with each When the operator's hands are somewhat
other in the diaphragmatic region. Then above the horizontal the child is moved gently,
the angle is reversed by carrying backward so that the lower end of the body falls for
ARYEPIGLOTTIC ASCARIASIS
ward toward its The body is not
head.
flung over, but moved gently until the lower
end rests on the chest. In this position
the chest and upper end of the abdomen are
compressed tightly. The child's thorax rests
on the tips of the thumbs of the operator.
As a result of this forcible expiration the
fluids usually pour out of the nose and mouth
of the infant. The child is allowed to rest
in this position (the first expiratory position)
about one or two seconds. The operator
gradually lowers his arms, the child's body
bends back, and he again holds the infant
hanging on his index fingers with its feet
downward ; this is the second inspiratory
position. These movements are repeated 15
to 20 times in the minute. Sylvester'' s
Alethod consists chiefly of movements of
the arms. This method is valueless in
asphyxia neonatorum, owing to non-develop-
ment of the pectoral muscles.
ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS.

Table of Quantity Required.
ASCARICIDE ASEXUAL
Ascaricide [as-kar'-is-id) [aa/ca/wf, a species Asclepias Pleu
{as-klc'-pe-as^ \!iaKkri'Ki6q\.
of intestinal worm; ccedcre, to kill]. A risy Root. The root of Asclepias tuberosa.
medicine that kills ascarides. A popular remedy in the Southern States for
Ascaris [tis'-kar-is) \_aaKa()tq, a species of pleurisy. diaphoretic, emetic, and ca-
It is
intestinal worm :
//. ,
Asc(.irides\. A genus thartic. The
infusion recommended has a
of parasitic worms inhabitin<^ the intestines of of 3J of the powdered root to
strength
most animals. A. lumbricis is found in the .^xxxij of water. Dose, a teacujjful every
ox, hog, and man. It inhabits the small in- three or four hours. Also, A. curassavica,
testine, especially of children. A. mystax, blood flower, an herb common to tropical
the round- worm of the cat, and A. alata have America and anthelmintic
; astringent, styptic,
rarely been found in man. A. vermicularis, against the tapeworm. A., Ext. fld.
a synonym of Oxyuris vermicularis. Dose n\^xx-f3J (1.3-4.0).
Ascending [iis-end' -ing) \_asccnde?-e, to rise]. Asclepin (as-kle'-pin) [«(TK?,,//;r/wr]. 1. P
Taking an upward course; rising (as parts poisonous principle obtainable from ascle])ia
of the aorta and colon, and as one of the din by the separation of glucose from the
vena; cava;). A. Current, in electricity, latter. 2. The
precipitate from a tincture of
one going from the periphery to a nerve-cen- Asclepias tuberosa ; alterative, evacuant, tonic,
ter. A. Degeneration, a degeneration of sedative. Do.se grs. ij-iv (0.13-0.27). Unof.
the nerve-fibers extending from the periphery Ascococcus {as-ko-kok' -us) [atTKOf, a leather
to the center, or, in the spinal cord, from
bag; a kernel].
KoiiKng, genus of the A
below upward toward the brain. A. Para- family of Schizomycetes. The ascococci are
l3'sis. See Paralysis. A. Tracts, the microorganisms made up of round or ovoid
centripetal tracts of the spinal cord, carry- cellsunited in massive colonies, and sur-
ing afferent impulses. rounded by tough, thick, gelatinous envelops.
Ascherson's Vesicles. The peculiar small A. billrothii, found in putrefied meat its ;
globules formed when oil and an albuminous natural habitat is the air ;
it is
probably not
fluid are agitated together, and formerly pathogenic.
thought to be cells.
Ascospore [acrKtif , a bag
(as'-ko-spor) ottoiioc, ;
Ascia {ii'-sc-ah or as'-ke-ah) [a jiriv.; aula, seed]. A

spore produced by or in an ascus.
shadow]. Fascia spiralis; dolabra curreiis ; Ascus [as'-l-us) [aff/cdf, a bag or bladder].
a spiral bandage applied without reverses, The characteristic spore case of some fungi
each turn of which overlaps the preceding and lichens, usually consisting of a single
for about a third of its width. Dolabra terminal cell containing eight spores.
repc-ns, is the same as the preceding, in which, Asemasia [as-em-a^-ze-a/i) \Ji priv.; arifiaain,
'
however, the spirals are formed more ob- a signaling]. Absence of the power to com-
liquely, and do not overlap each other, but are municate either by signs or language.
separated by a greater or less interval. Asepsin [ak-sep^-sin). See Antisepsin.
Ascites ias-i'-tez) [rtc/f/r^f, a kind of dropsy ; Asepsis [a/i-scp'-sis] [a priv.; a>/fi<;, putrefac-
from aoKOQ, a bag]. An abnormal collection tion]. Absence of pathogenic microorganisms.
of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity dropsy ; Aseptic {ali-sep'-tik) [a priv.; oi/ijiii;, ])utre-
of the peritoneum. It is either local in origin Yree from pathogenic bacteria, as
faction].
or a part of a general dropsy. The ascitic aseptic wounds. A. Surgery, the mode
fluid is usually clear, yellow, and coagulates of surgical practice in which everything tiiat
on standing. It may be turbid, blood-stained, is used as well as the wound is in a germ-
and contain lymph particles or shreds. There free condition.
is a uniform
enlargement of the abdomen, Asepticism {iih-sep'-tis-izni) [d priv.; ar/Trtif,
fluctuation, percussion-dulness. Its usual
septic]. The doctrine or principles of ;isep-
cause is cirrhosis of the liver. A. adiposus, tic surgery.
ascites characterized by a fluid milky appear- Asepticize (ah-sep' -tis-tz) [<i priv.; ffVTr<if,
mce due to the presence in it of numerous septic]. To render aseptic.
cells that have undergone fatty degeneration Aseptin {ah-sep'-tin) \a priv.; fT;/7rr($f, septic].
and solution. seen in certain cases of
It is A secret preparation containing boric acid,
carcinoma, tulierculosis, and other chronic in- used for preserving articles of food.
flammations of the peritoneum. A. chylosus, Aseptol (ah-sep'-tol) [d priv.; (Tz/rrrdc, septic],
the presence of chyle in the peritoneal cavity. Cgll^SO^. Sulphocarbolic acid sozolic
aciil. ;
It follows rupture of a chyle duct. A reddish liquid, with an odor of carbolic

Ascitic [as-ii'-ik] [a(7«/r//f, a kind of dropsy]. acid, recommended as a disinfectant and
Pertaining to or affected with ascites. antiseptic. It is used externally (J toper
Asclepiadin {as-klc-pi^-ad-iii)\_iinK'k7ini6g']. A cent, solution),and internally in about the
bitter glucosid obtainable from various species same dose as carbolic acid.
of Asclepias. It is poisonous, and has emetic, Asexual [ah-seks'-u-al ) [<i priv. ; sexus, sex].
purgative, and sudorific properties. Unof. Without sex ;
non-sexual.
ASH ASPIRATOR
Ash [iis/i) [ME., asch']. i. The incombusti- â, seed]. Affected with or relating to
ble mineral residue that remains when a sub- aspermatism.
stance is incinerated. 2. See Fraxinits. A. Aspermatism [ah-spci'-mat-izm) [a priv.;
Manna. See Fraxinus. A., Prickly. See anipjia, seed]. l)eiective secretion of semen
Xaii/Iioxyiiirii. or lack of formation of spermatozoa.
Asialia [as-e-a'-le-ah) [a priv.; a'alav, spit- Aspermous [ah-spcr^-iiius) [ti priv.; anefifia,
tle]. Defect or failure of the secretion of seed]. Without seed.
saliva. Aspersion iâs-per' -zhtin)\aspersio
aspergere, ,
Asiatic {a-ze-at'-ik') [Asia]. Pertaining or to sprinkle]. Treatment of disease by

belonging to Asia. A. Cholera. See sprinkling the body or the affected part with
Cholera. A. Pill, a pill composed of arse- a medicinal agent.
nous acid, black pepper, powdered licorice, Asphyctic, or Asphyctous [as-fik'-tik, as-
and mucilage. fik'-tus) [rt priv.; afvîg, the pulse]. Af-
Asitia {iih-sit'-e-ali) [a priv.; clroc, food]. fected with asphyxia.
'l"he want of food. Also a loathing for Asphyxia {as-jiks^-c-a//) [d priv.; a<p'vî^,the
foud. pulse]. Suffocation ;
the suspension of vital
Asomata [ah-so'-mat-ah')
[a priv.; oiyjia, phenomena resulting when the lungs are de-
body] . A
species of omphalositic monster prived of oxygen. The excess of carbon
characterized by an absence of the trunk. dioxid in the blood at first stimulates, then
The head is never well-fonned, and the ves- paralyzes the respiratory center of the me-
sels run from it to the placenta in the mem- dulla. Artificial
respiration is therefore re-
branes. Beneath the head is a sac in which quired in cases of asphyxia. A., Local,
rudiments of body-organs may be found. that stage of Raynaud's disease in which the
This is the rarest form of omphalosites. affected parts are dusky red from intense
Aspalasoma (as-pal-as-o' -niah') [ncTTrd/af, congestion. A. neonatorum, the asphyxia
mole; nujia, body]. A
variety of single of the new-born from any cause.
autositic monsters of the species celosoma, in Asphyxiant {as-fiks' -e-avt) [('(fff/ir/vTOf;, pulse-
which there is a lateral c>r median eventra- less]. I.
Producing asphyxia. 2. An agent
tion occupying principally the lower portion capable of producing asphyxia.
of the abdomen, with the urinary apparatus, Asphyxiate [d jiriv. mjn^t^n',
[as-Jiks'-e-dt) ;
the genital apparatus, and the rectum opening to pulsate]. To produce

or cause as])hyxia.
externally by three distinct orifices. Aspidium [as-pid' -e-uin) \\..: gen. A.pidii'\.
Asparagin [as-par^-ag-in) as- 1. A genus of ferns, known as shield ferns.
\_uanajia-)nr,
paragus], C^HjjNÔ.^.HjOg. An alkaloid 2. The rhizome of
Dryopteris filix mas and
found in the seeds of many plants, in aspara- oi D. tiiarginalis, or male fern. Its properties
gus, beet root, peas, and beans. It forms shin are due to a resin containing filicilic acid.
ing, four-sided, rhombic prisms, readily soluble It valuable chietly against tape-worm.
is
in hot water, but not in alcohol or ether. It Dose ,gss-^^ ss (2.0—16 o). A., Oleoresina,
is an amid of
aspartic acid, and forms com- an ethereal extract. Dose ," ss-j (2.0-4.0).
pounds with both acids and bases. It is di- Extractum Filicis Liquidum (B. P.).
uretic. The hydrargyrate of asparagin has Dose tTLxv-_gj (1.0-4.0).
been used as an antisyphilitic, in doses of ^ Aspidosamin {as-pid-os^-a»/-i//). Q.^H.^gNjOj.
grain (o.oi) hypodermically. A basic princiijle, from quebracho bark. It
Asparaginic Acid, QH-NC^. A dibasic is emetic. Unof.

acid, a decomposition-product of asparagin Aspidosperma {as-pid-o-sper' -mah) {anvclq,
and also of proteids and gelatin. a shield a-tpiui, a seed].
; genus of apo- A
Asparagus {as-par'-ag-tis) [aanapnyoc:, as- cynaceous trees, of which the Quebracho is
paragus]. The green root of Asparagus offi-
tiie most important.
cinalis, a mild diuretic. Dose of fid. ext. Aspidospermin {as-pid-o-sper' -//liii) [dffTr/f,
g ss-j (2.0-4.0). Unof. shield ; seed], C2.,Hii|N,,0.^.
ajrifiua, An
Aspartic Acid {as-par'-tik). See Acid. alkaloid extracted from (Quebracho, (^.v-
Aspergillus (asper-jlF-tis) \aspergere, to pidosperma qtiebi-achd). It has the general
scatter]. A
genus of fungi. A. auri- effects of quebracho. Unof.
cularis, a fungus found in the wax of the Aspiration [as-pir-a'-s/ani) \_(7d. to spirare, ;
A. fumigatus, found in the ear, nose, I. The act of

ear. to breathe]. sucking up or
and lungs. A. glaucus, the bluish mold sucking inspiration, imbilition.
in ;
2. The
found upon dried fruit. A. mucoroides, a act of using the aspirator. A method
species found in tuberculous or gangrenous of withdrawing the fluids and gases from a
lung-tissue. cavity. A. Pneumonia. See Pnninionia.
-
Aspergillusmycosis (asper-jil' -ics-mi-ko' Aspirator \ad, to spirare, to
[as'-pir-a-toj-) ;
sis). .See Ofoi/iycosis.

breathe]. An apparjitus for withdrawing
Aspermatic (ah-sper-mat' -Hi) [d priv.; aTvtp- liquids from cavities by means of suction.
ASP0R(1GENIC ASTHMA
Asporogenic (ah-spor-o-jt-n' -ik) [a priv.; Aster {as'-ier) [ash-r, a star]. The stellate
OToiior, seed producing]. Not repro-
; yei'l/q, form assumed by the mitome of tiie imcleus
ducing by means of spores not producing ; when undergoing karyokinesis.
spores. Asterion (as-(e' -n'-on)\_HaTlii), star]. A p jint
Assault [âssalire, to assail].
[as-crii'It') An on the skull corresponding to the junction of
attack. A., Criminal, in medical jurispru- tlie occipital,
parietal, and temporal bones.
dence, the touching or attempting to touch, Asternal {ah-ster'-)ial) \ji priv.; art/tvov, the
on the part of a male, any of the sexual breast-bone]. Not connected with the ster-
organs (the breasts included) of a female num. A. Ribs, the five lower pairs, because
against her will, even though they be covered not joined directly to the sternum.
liy clothing. Asternia {nh-ster'-ne-ah) [d priv.; aTipiov,
Assideration [as-id-er-a/-s/iiiii) \_arf,
inten- the breast-bone]. Absence of the sternum.
sive; si'ift'/ij/io, an evil influence]. In forensic Asteroid [as'-ter-oid) [aar/'ji), a star; d6or^
medicine, infanticide by immersing in ice-
resemblance]. Shaped like a star.
water. Asthenia [as-theii-i'-ah, as-the'-ne-ah) [adflt-
Assimilable [as-iiii' -il-a-bl^ \assiiiitilare, to I'f/a; a priv.; ffflfi'Of, strength]. Absence of
make like]. Capable of being assimilated; strength ; adynamia.
nutritious. Asthenic [a
{as-t/im'-ik) ]iriv.; aftivog,
Assimilation \assimulare,
[(js-im-il-a'-shiiii) strength]. Characterized by asthenia.
to make
like] . The
process of transforming Asthenometer {as-then-om' -et-er) \aaQfVEia,
food into such a nutrient condition that it is want of strength fieTpov, a measure]. An
;
taken up by the circulatory system, to form instrument for detecting and measuring asthe-
an integral part of the economy synthetic or ;
nia ;especially, a device for measuring mus-
constructive metabolism anabolism. ;A., cular asthenopia.
Mental, the mental reception of impressions Asthenopia {as-then-o' -pe-ah) [a priv.;
and their assignment by the consciousness to aHu'oQ, strength; (jf, eye]. Weakness of
their proper place. A., Primary, that con- the ocular muscles or of visual power, due to
cerned in the conversion of food into chyle errors of refraction, heterophoria, over-use,
and blood. A., Secondary, that relating to anemia, etc. A., Accommodative, due to
the formation of the organized tissues of the hyperopia, astigmatism, or a combination of
body. the two, producing strain of the ciliary
Associated [as-o^-se-a-fed) \_a
s s o ci af it s, muscle. A., Muscular, due to weakness,
united], joined. A. Movements, coin- incoordination (heterojjhoria), or strain of the
cident or consensual movements of other external ocular muscles. A., Retinal, or
muscles than the leading one, and whicii Nervous, a rare variety, caused by retinal
by habit or unity of purpose are involun- hyperesthesia, anesthesia, or other abnor-
tarily connected with its action. Both mality, or by general nervous aflfections.
eyeballs move alike in reading, though one Asthenopic [as-then-op' î/c) [a priv.; a6tvog,
be a blind eye. Movement of the normal strength; wi/;, eye]. Characterized by asthen-
arm will sometimes produce slight motion of opia.
the opposite paralyzed arm. Uniformity of Asthma [az'-ma/t) \_aafliia, panting]. par A
innervation is usually the cause of these oxysmal affection of the bronchial tubes char-
movements. A. Paralysis, A. Spasm, a acterized by dyspnea, cough, and a feeling of
common paralysis, or spasm, of associated constriction and suffocation. The disease is
muscles. proliably a neurosis, and is due to hyperemia

Assurin [as^-ii-rin] C4BHg^N2P.Ôy.,
A name and swelling of the bronchial mucous mem-
given by Thudichum to a complex substance brane, with a peculiar secretion of a mucin-
occurring in brain-tissue. like substance. The attacks may be caused
Astasia (rt.r-/rt''-5r-«/0 [« priv.; araaic, stand- by direct irritation of the bronchial mucous
ing]. Motor incoordination for standing.
A.- membrane or by indirect or reflex irritation,
Abasia, a symptom consisting in inability to as from the nose, the stomach, the uterus.
stand or walk in a normal manner. The When dependent upon disease of the heart,
person affected seems to collapse when the kidneys, stomach, thymus, etc., it has
attempting to walk. been designated, t-an/titr, roial, p<ptic,
Asteatosis ariap, thymic, etc. A., Bronchial. See Asthma.
[as-te-at-o'-sis) [a priv.;
tallow ; Mri^, fulness]. I. A deficiency or A., Cardiac, paroxymal dyspnea due to
absence of the sebaceous secretion. 2. Any heart-disease. A. convulsivum. Synonym
skin disease (as xeroderma) characterized by oi Bronchial Asthma. A. Crystals, aoicuhir
scantiness or lack of the seiiaceous secretion. crystals (Charcot Leyden crystals)
contained
A. cutis, a condition of diminished sebace- in the sputum of asthmatic patients. Tlsey
ous secretion, as the result of which the skin are generally associated with eosinoplulc ceils.
becomes dry, scaly, and often fissured. A. dyspepticum, is due to nervous rellexes
ASTHMATIC ATAXIA
through the vagus. A., Grinders'. Same used by the ancients as dice]. I. The ankle-
as Fibroid Phthisis. A., Hay. See Hay bone, upon which the tibia rests. 2. A
Fever. A., Heberden's, angina pectoris. genus of leguminous plants from some varie-
A., Kopp's, spasm of the glottis. A., ties of which gum tragacanth is derived. A.
Marine. See Beriberi. A., Miller's. See mollissimus, Loco Plant. The active prin-
Larvngisiiius stridulus. A., Miner's. See ciple of this plant has mydriatic properties.
Anihracosis. A. nervosum. .Synonym of Unof.
Bronchial Asthma. A., Renal, a paroxy- Astrapaphobia {as-trap-af-o'-be-ah) \_aa-pa-
mal dyspnea sometimes occurring in the ~ii, lightning; <p6[ioc, fear]. Morbid fear
course of Bright's disease. A., Spasmodic. of lightning.
See Asthma. A., Thymic. Synonym of Astrokinetic [arrr/joi', a
{as-tro-kin-et'-ik)
LarvngisDius stridulus. star ;
move]. Applied to the phe-
Kirt'ii', to
Asthmatic [az-mat^-ik) [iwdfia, panting]. nomena of motion as exhibited by the cen-
Relating to or affected with asthma. trosomes of cells.
Astigmatic {as-fig-mat' -ik) \_a priv.; arly/ia, Astrostatic [durpoi', a star ;

{as-tro-stat'-ik^
a point]. Pertaining to or affected with as- laraaOai, to stand]. Applied to the resting
tigmatism. condition of the centrosomes of cells.
Astigmatism [as-tig'-mat-iz/ii) [a priv.; Asylum {as-i'-lu»i) [asylum, a place of
because rays of light from a
ariyiia, a point, refuge]. Aninstitution for the support, safe-
point are never brought to a point by the re- keeping, cure, or education of those incapa-
fractive media of the eye]. That condition ble of caring for themselves, such as the
of the eye in which rays of light do not insane, the blind, etc. A. Ear. See Nem-
converge to a point on the retina. It atovm auris.
is usually due to inequality of curvature of Asymbolia {ah-sim-bo'-le-ah) [a priv.; ff/'^,
the different meridians of the cornea (corneal (ioAov,symbol]. The loss of all power of
A.), but maybe caused by imperfections of the communication, even by signs or symbols.
lens (lenticular A.), unequal contraction of Asymmetry {ah-sim'-et-re) [a priv.; avfiner-
the ciliary muscle, or may jierhaps be due to pia, symmetry]. I. Unlikeness of corre-
retinal imperfection. It may l)e acquired or sponding organs or parts of opposite sides of
congenital, and may complicate hyperme- the body that are normally of the same size, J
tiojjiaor myopia, producing either simple etc., f.
_»•., asymmetry of the two halves of
hypermetropic A., in which one principal the skull or brain. The linking of carbon
2.
meridian is emmetropic, the other hyperme- atoms groups the combina-
to four different ;
tro]iic; or compound hypermetropic A., tion of carbon atoms with different atoms or
in which Iwth meridians are hypermetropic, atomic groups.
but one more so than the other. Complicat- Asynergy {ah-sin'-er-je) [a priv.; nvvep-jin,
ing myopia, we may in the same way have cooperation]. Faulty coordination of the
simple myopic or compound myopic A. different organs or muscles normally acting
In mixed A., one principal meridian is my- in unison.
o[)ic, the other hypermetropic. Regular A. Asynesia {as-in-e' -ze-ah)\Jiav\'Eaia ,i\.\x\^\d\iy'\.

is when the two principal meridians are at Stu])idity ;
loss or disorder of mental power.
right angles to each other. Irregular A., Asynodia {ah-siii-o'-de-ah) [a priv. ; awuSia,
when different parts of a meridian have dif- a traveling together]. Impotence.
ferent refracting powers. Asystole {a h -sis'- to- /e) [a priv.; avcToîj, a
Astigmatometer (as-tig-mat-om'-et-er) Wi shortening]. Imperfect contraction of the
]iriv.; arr.iia. a point; fttrpov, a measure]. ventricles of the heart.
An instrument for measuring the degree of Asystolic {ah-sis-toF-ik) \_h priv.; arGTolr/, a
astigmatism. shortening]. Characterized by asystole.
Astigmometer (as-tig-mom'-et-er). See As- Atactic {at-ak'-tic) [ar«K70f, irregular]. Ir-
tigmafoincter. regular, incoordinate. Pertaining to muscu-

Astigmometry [as-tig-mom'-et-re) [a priv.; lar incoordination, especially in aphasia.
(TTi)/ja, point; ftfTpnv, a measure].

a The Atavic {at'-a7'-ik) [âtavus, a ftirefather].
measurement of astigmatism. Relating to or characterized by atavism.
AstTaga\ecX.omy {as- frag-a/-e^' -to-me)[âaTf)n- Atavism {at' -av-izni) [atavus, a forefather].
ya'/oc, astragalus; sktoiit/, excision]. Ex- A variety of heredity characterized by the
cision of the astragalus. reappearance of a peculiarity in an individual
Astragaloscaphoid {as-trag-al-o-skaf'-oid ) whose more or less remote j^rogenitors pos-
[acr7/id}'«>of astragalus; CKa(poeaîjq, like a
,
sessed the same peculiarity but whose imme-
boat]. Relating to the astragalus and the diate ancestors did not present it.
scaphoid bone. Atavistic {at-av-is'-tik). Same as Atavic.
Astragalus {as-irag' -al-us) \aaTpayn'Koq, a Ataxia {at-aks'-e-nk) [arref /a, want of order].
dice ;
the analogous bones of the sheep were Incoordination of muscular action. A.,
ATAXIC ATHLETE
Cerebellar, A., Cerebral, A., Spinal, that Ateloencephalia {at- el- o-en -se/a'-le-ah'
aue to di.êase of the cerebellum, of the {jiri'/ijc, incomplete; eyK{:(pah)v, hrain]. In-
brain, or of the spinal cord. A., Bri- comjilete development of the brain.
quet's, an hysteric state marked by loss of Ateloglossia {at-el-o-(;los'-e-ah) [iiTEli/r, im-
sensation in the skin and in the leg-muscles. perfect >/iwr7(7a, tongue].
;
Congenital defect
A. cordis. See Delirium cordis. A. in the tongue.
Family. See A., Hereditary. A., He- Atelognathia {at-el-og-iia' -the-ah) [iiTE/iiq,
reditary. See Friedreich' s Disease.
A., imperfect; yvdWof, jaw]. Imperfect develop-
Locomotor, a
synonym of tabes dorsalis, ment of a jaw, especially of the lower jaw.
or posterior spinal sclerosis, a disease of the Atelomyelia {at-el-o-mi-e' -le-ah) [artvi^/f,
posterior columns of the spinal cord, char- imperfect iivEKuq,
;
marrow]. Congenital
acterized by static and motor ataxia, by fulgu- defect of the spinal cord.
rant pains, girdle-sensation, the Robertson Atelopodia {at-cl-o-po' -de-ah) [drt///f, im-
pupil, disturbances of sensation and of the perfect; -rzuvr, foot]. Defective develop-
sphincters, and the loss of the patellar reflex. ment of the foot.
A., Motor, inability to coordinate the Ateloprosopia {at-el-opro-so' -pe-ah) [drt/r/f,
muscles in walking. A., Static, the failure incomplete; TrpijauTTov, face]. Incomplete
of muscular coordination in standing still, or facial development.
in lixed positions of the limbs. A., Ther- Atelorrhachidia {at - el - o- rak - id'- e ah )
mal, peculiar large and irregular fluctuations [dreAiyf imperfect ; piiXKi spine]
, Imperfect .
of the body-temperature, due to a condition development of the spinal column, as in

of incoordination, or a disordered or weak- spina bifida.
ened thermotaxic mechanism. This may Atelostomia (at-el-o-sto' -me-ah) [d-f/z/r, in-
give rise to the so-called paradoxic or hys- complete; aTojin, mouth]. Incomplete de-
teric temperatures, rising occasionally to io8° velopment of the mouth.
or llo° F., without grave or permanent Atheroma {ath-er-o' -mah) [iiOijprj^ gruel;
Vasomotor. See Vasomotor I. A sebaceous
injury. A., bfia,tumor]. cyst contain-
Ataxia. ing a cheesy material. 2. The fatty de-
Ataxic [at-aks^-ic) \(iTaS,'ia, want of order]. generation of the walls of the arteries in
I. Pertaining to or affected with ataxia. 2. arteriosclerosis ; by common usage, tlie
A person affected with ataxia. A. Aphasia. word also applied to the whole process of
is
See Aphasia. A. Fever. Synonym of arteriosclerosis. Arterial atheroma is also

Typhus Fever. termed atherosis.
Ataxophemia [at-aks-o-fe^ -me-ah) [arnf/a, Atheromasia {ath-er-o-ma' -ze-ah) [lidi/prj,
want of order; <l>t]fJ.t, to speak]. Lack of gruel; bjua, tumor]. Atheromatous de-
coordination in speech. generation the condition of atheroma.
;
Ataxy iât-ahs'-e). See Ataxia. Atheromatous {ath-er-o'-mat-us) [afii/p//,

Atelectasis (at-el-ek' -tas-is) imper- [rtrf?L/)f, gruel; tumor].
o/ua,
Characterized l>y or
fect EKTaaig, expansion].
; Imperfect ex- affected with atheroma. A. Abscess, is
pansion or collapse of the air- vesicles of the a collection of soft matter beneath the intima
lung. It may be present at birth, or may be resulting from chronic arteritis,
while an
acquired from diseases of the bronchi or lungs. A. Ulcer is formed by the abscess break-
Atelectatic {cit-el-ek-tat'-ik) [areA;;f, imper- ing through the intima.
fect ; expansion].
EKTaati;, Relating to or Atherosis {ath-er-o'-sis) [aW/pr/, gruel]. A
characterized by atelectasis. synonym of atheroma (second dcfuiitign).
Ateleocephalous {at
-
el - e -
o -
sef- al us
-
)
Athetoid {ath' -et-oid) [af'/yrof, vmfixed].
imperfect hfi^n/,//, head]. Having Pertaining to or afiected with athetosis. A.
[ar£/7(,', ;
the skull or head more or less incomplete. Spasm, a spasm in which the affected member
Atelia \at-el-i''-ah^ [are/lem, imperfection]. performs athetoid movements.
Imperfect development. The word is com- Athetosis {ath-et-o'-sis) [dr^//-()f, unfixed ;
pounded with others to designate the part changeable]. A condition most frequently
affected, as atclocardia, etc., imperfect de- occurring in children, and ch.iracterized by
continual slow change of of the
velopment of the heart, etc. Cf. Asthenia. ]xisiiion
Atelocardia (at-el-o-kar' -de-ah) \aTeJiiii;, im- and toes. It is usually due to a lesion
fingers
''
perfect Krifxîa, heart]

; An imperfect or
. of the brain. It is also called post-henii-
occurrence after
mideveloped state of the heart. plegic chorea," from
it.s
hemiplegia. A., Double Congenital.

Atelochilia {at-el-o-ki'-le-ah^ [dre^7/f, im- .See
perfect; ,Y*'/,of, lip]. Defective develop- Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic.

ment of a lip.
Athlete's Heart {ath' -let) [(W'/.-ir, to contend
Atelochiria {at-el-o-ki^-re-ah) \_aTe7\ii(;,
im- with]. A sliglil incompetency of liie aortic
Defective develop- valves, a condition sometimes
found in ath
perfect; x^'^Pf hand].
ment of the hand. letes.
ATHREPSIA ATROPHIA
Athrepsia {ah-threps'-e-ah') [d priv.; Tpi^tw, as compared with the weight of an atom ci
tonourish]. Malnutrition. hydrogen.
Athymia [ah-thi'-me-ali) [d priv.; dvfioc, Atomicity [at-otn-is'-i-te) [d priv.; rifivEiv, to
mind]. I. Despondency. 2. Loss of con- cut]. Chemic valence; quantivalence.
sciousness. 3. Insanity. Atomization {at-om-h-a'-tioti') [d priv.;
Atlas iât'-las) [dr/ftf, able].
The first of re^vEtv, to cut]. The mechanic process of
the cervical vertebras. It articulates with the breaking up a liquid into fine spray.
occipital bone of the skull and with the axis. Atomizer {at'-oin-i-zer^ [d priv.; rt^veiv, to
Atlodymus ( at-lod'-im-ns ) [ drAaf able , ; cut] . An instrument for transforming a liquid
6'uSvôq, double]. A monosomic dual mon- into a spray.
strosity with two heads and a single body. Atonic (at-on'-ik) [drov/a, want of tone].
Almograph {at'-tno-graf^ \Iltu6c, breath ; Relating to or characterized by atony.
ypdoerv, to record]. A
form of self- register- Atony [at'-o-nc) [d priv.; ri^rof, tone]. Want
ing respirometer. of power, especially of muscular power.
Atmometer, or Atmidometer (at-mo7n'-et-er, Atrabiliary \at-rah-biF-e-a-re) \ater, black;
or at-niid-om'-et-e}-)[dr/^/c, vapor jihpov, ; hilis, bile]. Pertaining to black bile. A.
a measure]. An instrument for measuring the Capsules, an old name for the suprarenal
amount of water exhaled by evaporation from capsules.
a given surface in a given time, in order to Atresia [at-re'-ze-ak) [d priv. ; rprjaig, per-
deteiTnine the humidity of the atmosphere. foration]. Imperforation of a normal opening
Atmosphere [at'-mos-fer) [dr//df , vapor ; or canal, as of the anus, vagina, meatus audi-
a<paipa, a sphere]. I. The air; the mixture torius, pupil, etc.
of gases, surrounding the earth, to the height Atresic [d priv.
{(jt-re'-zik) Tprjatq, perfor- ;
of about 200 miles. 2. The pressure exerted ation]. Characterized by atresia.

by the earth's atmosphere at the level of the Atrichia {ah-trik' -e-afi) [d jjriv. ; ^/w'f , hair].
sea ;
it is about 15 pounds to the square inch, Absence of the hair.
or I kilogram to the square centimeter. Atrichosis {a/i-frik-o'-sis) [a, priv.; OpiS,
Atmospheric [at-mos-fer' -ik) [dr//of vapor , ; hair]. A condition characterize'd by absence
atpcupa, a sphere]. Pertaining to the atmo- of hair.
sphere. A. Moisture, the vapor of water Atrioventricular [a - tre - o -
ven -
trik'-ii-lar)
mingled with the atmosphere. It varies in \atrinm, hall %'entricnlus, ventricle].
;
Re-
quantity according to the temperature. A. lating both to the atrium (or auricle) and
Tension, the pressure of the air per square to the ventricle of the heart.
inch on the surface of a body. Normally, at Atrium (a' -trt'-iiDi) \atfium, the fore-court or
the sea level, it is about 15 lbs. per square hall]. That part of the auricle of the heart
I.
inch, or equal to that of a column of mercury into which the venous blood is poured. 2.
about 30 in. in height. It decreases about The part of the tympanic cavity of the ear be-
^-g
in. or 2*^ lb. per square inch for every 90 low the head of the malleus. A., Infection,
Above 10,000 feet, the rarity
feet of altitude. the point of entrance of the bacteria in an in-
of the atmosphere is usually noticeable in fectious disease.
she who "
quickened breathing and pulse-rate. Atropa ( at'-ro-pah ) ['ArpoTrof,
Atocia [at-o' -se-afi) [dro/cof , barren] turns not," undeviating; one of the three
Sterility
—
.
of the female. Fates, who cut the thread of life, in allusion

Atom [d priv. ; TEfivecv, to cut]
(at'-zini) The . to the poisonous effects of the plant]. A
ultimate unit of an element that part of a
; genus of the natural order Solanaceic. A.
substance incapable of further division, or the belladonna, the deadly night.shade, from
smallest part capable of entering into the for- which atropin is obtained. See Belladonna.
mation of a chemic compound, or uniting Atrophia {at-ro' -fe-ah) [d priv.; nour-
with another to form a molecule which — ishment]. Atrophy. Diminution in size
Tpacî],
last is the smallest quantity of a substance of a part from degeneration or shrinkage

that can exist free or uncombined. of its component cells. A. cordis, atrophy
Atomic {at-om'-ik) \'a priv.; -riumv, to cut]. cf the heart, following senile changes, or
Pertaining to atoms. A. Heat, the specific occurring in cachectic conditions, or as a re-
heat of an atom of a chemic element as com- sult of pressure exerted by mediastinal tumors,
pared with that of an atom of hydrogen. A. etc. A. cutis, Atrophoderma a term ap- ;
Theory, the theory of Dalton,that all matter plied to various changes in the skin charac-
is
composed of atoms, the weight of each terized by the diminution or disappearance of
atom differing for the different elements. A. certain of its elements, especiallv seen in ad-
Valence, Equivalence, or the Atomicity vanced age. The skin becomes thin, loose,
of an element, is the saturating power of its wrinkled, and discolored. A. cutis senilis.
atom as compared with that of hydrogen. A. Senile Atrophoderma an atrophy of the skin
;
Weight, the weight of an atom of an element usually associated with general signs of senile
ATROPHIC ATTENUANT
degeneration. A. infantum. Synonym of the skin, connective tissue, fat, bore, and
Taht's niesenterica. A. mesenterica. Syno- more rarely the muscles of one side of the
nym of Tabes mcsenterica. A. pilorum pro- face. It is most common in females; its
pria, atrophy of the hair, either sym[)toniatic course is slow and generally progressive. A.,
or idiopathic in origin. A. unguis, atrophy Red, a form of atrophy due to chronic con-
of the nails. gestion, as seen in the liver in mitral and tri-
Atrophic [at-ro'-ftk) [fipriv.; rpoî], nourish- cuspid valvular lesions. A., Senile, the
ment]. Pertaining to, or affected with atrophy. physiologic atrophy of advanced life. It
Atrophoderma {at-ro-fo-der' -?nah) [a priv. ;
affects the lungs, the sexual and other organs.
Tpofij, nourishment; (Upfta, the skin]. A., Serous, alrojihy associated with an in-
Atrophy of tlie skin. filtration of fluid into the
atro])hic tissues.
Atrophy [at'-ro-fe) \_aTp(ul>ia, want of nourish- A., Simple, that due to a decrease in the
ment]. Diminution in the size of a tissue, si/e of individual cells. A., Trophoneuro-
organ, or part, the result of degeneration of tic, that dependent upon abnormality of the
the cells or a decrease in the size of the nervous supply of an organ or tissue, best
cells. A., Acute Yellow. See Icteruf illustrated in muscular atrophy from disease
gratis. A., Brown, a form of atrophy in of the anterior horn^ of the spinal cord.
which the normal pigment of the organ is Atropina, or Atropin {at-ro-pi'-nah or at' -ro- ,
retained, and in which there is also frequently pin) ['ArpoTTof, one of the Fates who cut the
the addition of new pigment. It occurs most thread of \\i<f, _i:;en., Alropince~\, C^H.^^NOj.
frequently in the heart, muscles, and liver, A crystalline alkaloid derived from Airopa
and is caused by chronic congestion also ;
belladonna. The sulphate is a white powder
called pigmented atrophy. A., Correlated, of bitter taste and neutral reaction, and is
an atrophy of certain [lortions of the body soluble in water. Atropin is a mydriatic,
following the removal or destruction of other antispasmodic, and anodyne in small doses a ;
portions. Thus amputation of an arm will cardiac, respiratory, and spinal stimulant, in
be followed by an atrophy of the scapula of ; large doses a paralyzant of the cardiac and
a leg, by atrophy of the corresponding os respiratory centers, the spinal cord, motor
innominatum. A., Cruveilhier's. See nerves, and involuntary and voluntary mus-
Diseases, Table A., Degenerative, that
of. cles. It lessens all the secretions except the
due to degeneration of the cells. A., Gray, urine. In full doses it produces dryness of
a degenerative change in the optic disc in the throat, flushing of the face, dilatation of
which the latter assumes a grayish color. A., the pupils, a rise of temperature and sometimes
Idiopathic Muscular, muscular wasting, an erythematous rash. It is extensively used
beginning in various groups of muscles, usu- in ophthalmic jiractice to dilate the pupil, to
ally progressive in character, and dependent paralyze accommodation, and also in various
on [irimary clianges in the muscles themselves. corneal, iritic, and other ocular diseases. Its
There is a strong hereditary predisposition to therapeutic use in general medicine is also
the disease. A., Muscular, atrophy affecting manifold; e.
g., in inflammatory affections
muscles ; it may be
hereditary or acquired, and the pain of cerebral and s])inal hyper-
idiopathic, myelopathic, myopathic, neuro- emia, atonic constijiatioii, cardiac failure, hy-
pathic, primary, secondary, simple, or pro- persecretions, especially of the sweat, to re-
gressive. A., Pigmentary, A., Pigmented, lieve local spasms, as in intestinal and biliary
s form of atrophy so called from a deposit colic, in asthma, whooping cough, etc.,
of pigment (yellow or yellowish-brown) in and as a physiologic antagonist in opium
the atrophied cells. A., Progressive poisoning. Dose of atropin sulphate gr.
Muscular Chronic Anterior Poliomyelitis
; ; x\<rh (0.0005-0.001).
Wasting Palsy. A
chronic disease charac- Atropinize iât' -ro-pin-tz) ['Arpo-oc]. lo
terized by progressive wasting of individual bring under the influence of, or to treat with
muscles or physiologic groups of muscles, atropin.
and by an associated and proportional Attar ((7/^-rt;-) [Arab. ///, perfume]. .\ general
amount of paralysis. It is due to a de- name for any of the A. of Rose,
volatile oils.
generation and atrophy of the multipolar Oil of Rose. The volatile oil distilled from the
cells in the anterior gray horns of the cord, fresh flowers of the Damascene rose. It comes
with consecutive degeneration of the anterior mainly from eastern Roumclia and is gener-
ally adulterated with other
nerve-roots and muscles. The right hand is volatile oils. It
usually the part first attacked, and takes on .is used as a perfume.
a peculiar claw-like form [main en i;-riffe). Attendant ten' daut) to
{at {.jllendere,
disease is most frequent in males of adult atlend]. A non-professional attache of an
especially of
an ins.ine
IThe life, and follows excessive muscular exertion. asylum or hospital,
asylum.
A., Progressive Unilateral Facial, a dis-
'
Attenuant to
ease characterized by progressive wasting of [at ten'nant) [attemoin;
ATTENUATING AURAL
make thin]. A
medicine or agent increasing Atypical {ah-tip'-ik-al). See Atypic.
the fluidity or thinness of the blood or other Audiometer \aw-de-om' -et-er') [âudire, to
secretion. hear; uerpov, a measure]. An instrument
Attenuating [at-ten' -u-a-ting) \attenHare, to for measuring the acuteness of hearing.
make thin]. Making thin. Audiphone {a7u'-dif-dn^ \aiidire, to hear;
Attenuation (at-ien-ii-a' -shu>i)
\attenuare, ^(jvfj, a sound]. An instrument for improv-
to make thin]. The act of thin; a making ing the power of hearing by conveying sounds
thinning, narrowing, or reduction of tlie through the bones of the head to the laby-
strength or size of a substance, especially the rinth.
weakening of the pathogenic virulence of Audition [a-w-dish'-un^ \_aiidiie, to hear].

microorganisms by successive cultivation, by The of hearing.
act A. coloree, color-
e.\posure to light, air, heat, or other agency, hearing, a peculiar association between the
or by passing through certain animals, so auditory and optic nerves, by which a certain
that they may be used as a vaccine to confer sound or musical note will give rise to a sub-
immunity from future attacks of the disease. jective sensation of color, the same note in
A., Sanderson's Method of, the passing the same person being always associated with
of the virus through the system of another ani- the same color.
mal (e. g., the guinea-pig, in anthrax), so Auditory {aTc^-dit-o-rc) [ândire, to hear].
that it becomes modified in virulency. Pertaining to the act or the organs of hear-
Attic {at'-ik) ['Arr^/cdf, Attic]. Part of the ing. A. After-Sensations, the sensations
tympanic cavity situated above the atrium. of sounds continuing or occurring after the
A. Disease, chronic suppurative inflamma- cessation of the stimulus. A. Amnesia.
tion of the attic of the tympanum. See Mind-deafness. A. Area, the cerebral
Attitude (at'-e-tiid^ [(?////«(/<', aptitude]. See center for hearing, jnobably located in the
Posture. A., Crucifixion, in hystero-epi- temporo sphenoidal lobe. A. Aura, an audi-
lepsy, a rigid state of the body, the arms tory sensation preceding an attack of epilepsy.
stretched out at right angles. A., Frozen, A. Center, same as A. Area. A. Hairs,
a peculiar stiffness of the gait characteristic the processes of the crista acustica. A.
of disease of the spinal cord, especially of Meatus (external and internal), the external
amyotro[ihic lateral sclerosis. A., Passion- and internal canals or openings of the ear.
ate, the assumption of a dramatic or thea- A. Nerve, the eighth cranial nerve, supply-
tric expression, a position assumed by some ing the internal ear; formerly the portio
hysteric patients. tnollisof the seventh pair of cranial nerves.
AttoUens (at-ol' -enz) [at/olltre, to rise up]. A. Ossicles, the chain of small bones of
Raising. A. auris, a muscle raising the the middle ear. A. Pit, the depression in
external ear. the epiblast on both sides of the embryonic
Attraction [at-rak'-shtiii) \attrahere, to draw after-brain, destined to form the labyrinth of
to]. The tendency
of one particle of matter the ear. A. Vertigo, dizziness due to patho-
to approach another. Affinity. As existing logic conditions of the ear. See Meniere'' s
between masses, it is termed gravitation ^
Disease.
while Diolccular attraction or cohesion ex- Auerbach's Plexus. A nerve-plexus found
presses the force aggregating molecules. A., between the and longitudinal muscu-
circular
Chemic, the attraction of affinity, relates to lar coats of the stomach and intestines, and
the attraction of atoms of one element to consisting of a network of pale nerve-fibers,
those of others, resulting in chemic com- at the nodal points of which minute ganglia
pounds. A., Capillary, the force that exist.

causes liquids to rise in fine tubes or between Augnathus [aiig-na'-thus). [av, besides;
two closely approximated surfaces, or on the yviWiK-, the jaw]. A monster with two lower
sides of the containing vessel. A., Electric, jaws.
the tendency of bodies toward each other Aula {aw'-la}i) \av'kri, a hall or open court].
when charged with opposite electricities. A., The common mesal cavity of the cere-
Magnetic, the influence of a magnet upon brum, it being also the anterior portion of
certain metallic substances, chiefly iron. the third ventricle.
Attrahens {at'-rah-enz) \_attrahens, drawing]. Aura {aw' -rah) \a'vpa, a breath]. A breath
Drawing forward, as Attrahens aurem, a of wind a soft vapor.
;
The phenomena
muscle drawing the ear forward and upward. preceding an attack of epilepsy. It may
Attrition [at-rish'-tni] \_atlerere, to rub be motor, sensory, vasomotor, secretory, or
against]. Rubbing or friction. psychic. It is also applied to the symptom
Atypic {aJi-tip'-ik) [li priv. ; r/'-or, a type]. preceding an attack of any disease or par-
Irregular; not confonnable to the type. A. oxysm, as the aura hysterica, aura vertigi-
Fever, an intermittent fever with irregularity tiosa, etc.
of the paroxysm. Aural (aw'-ral) \auris, the ear]. Relating
AURAMIN AUSCULTATORY
to the ear or to hearing. A. Vertigo. See heart, as A. appendix. to
3. Relating
Ali'iiierc' s Disease. the auricular nerve, arteries, veins, etc. A.
Auramin [iiw'-ram-i)i) \aiinini, gold ; Finger, the little linger. A. Point, the
ami>i\. Yellow Pyoktanin, a yellow anilin central point of the external auricular meatus.
color used to some extent as an antiseptic. Auricularis [aw-nk-u-la'-ris) \_auricula, the
See Pyoktanin. ear]. Auricular. A. magnus, a branch of
Aurantia [tizu-ran' -she-aJi) \_auranliuni, an the cervical ]>lexus of nerves.
orange]. An orange coal-tar dye; an am- Auriculotemporal [iiio rik' -u-lo-tcfn' -po-ral)
monium salt of hexanitro-diijhenylamin. \aurieula, the ear ; teiiipus, the tem|jlc].
Aurantin (aw-raii'-tiii). See Heptane. Relating to the auricle and to the temporal
Aurantium (âw-rati' -she-iini) [L. -.gen.Âu- region. A. Nerve, a branch of the inferior
rantii\ Urange. The fruit of Citrus vul- maxillary, supplying superficial parts about
garis and C. aurantium. Both the flowers the auricle and the temple.
and the rind of the fruit are employed in Auriculoventricular {aw rik'
- -
u- lo- ven-
medicine. The volatile oil from the rind is trik'-u lar) \_aiiriiula, the ear ; ventricu/us,
aromatic and a mild tonic, but is used mainly the ventricle]. Relating to an auricle and a
as a flavor. A. amari, Ext. Fid., bitter ventricle of the heart. A. Opening, the
orange peel, alcohol, and water. It is used opening between the auricles and the ventri-
as a flavor. Dose gss-j (2.0-4.0). A. cles of the heart.
amari, Tinct., bitter orange peel 20, dilute Auripuncture [aw' -re-punkt-chur) [miris,
alcoliol, q. s. ad 100. Dosegj-ij (4.0-8.0). ear ; pitnetura, puncture]. Puncture of the
A. corticis, Oleum, the volatile oil ex- mcmbrana tympani.
pressed from the rind of the orange. Dose Auris [aw'-ris) [L.]. The ear.
gtt. j-v (0.065-0.32).
A. dulcis, Tinct., Auriscope [a7v'-ris-kdp) [auris, the ear ;
sweet orange peel 20, dilute alcohol, q. s. ad aKOTiiiv, to examine]. An
instrument for ex-
100. Dose .^j-ij (4.0-S.o). A., Elixir, oil amining the ear, and especially the Eustach-
of orange I, sugar 100, alcohol and water, ian passage an otoscope.
;
q. s. ad 300.
A. florum, Aqua, stronger Aurist [aw' -rist) [rt«r«, the ear] special- . A
orange water and distilled water, of each, ist in diseases of the ear.
one volume. A. florum fortior. Aqua. Aurum (azv'-runi) [L. gen., Auri^. Gold.
:
Water saturated with the volatile oil of fresh Au = 196.7; quantivalence. III. A brilliant
orange flowers. A. florum. Oleum, "oil yellow metal, having a specific gravity of 19. 3.
of neroli," a volatile oil distilled from fresh It is soluble in a mixture of nitric and hydro-
orange flowers. Dose gtt. j-v (0.065-0.32). chloric acids. A. bromidum, AuBrj, is used
A. florum, Syr., sugar 85, orange flower in epilepsy and migraine. Dose gr. 5^5-5
water sufficient to make 100 parts. A com- (0.003-0.01). A. chloridum. Dose gr.
mon flavoring agent. A., Infus. (B. P.). 3V~iV (0.0012-0.002). Clold chiorid is also
Dose ,^j-ij (32.0-64.0). A., Infus. Comp. used as a stain for nerve-tissue. A. et sodii
(B. P ').
Dose 3J-ij (32.0-64.0). A. Spt., chloridum, the double chiorid of gold and
oil orange 5, deodorized alcohol 95.
of sodium. Dose gr. ^V-yV (0.002-0.036). It
Dose according to quantity of alcohol desired. is used as an alterative in chronic infl.anima-
A., Spt. Comp., oil of orange peel 20, oil tions, diabetes, in the treatment of the alcohol
of lemon 5, oil of coriander 2, oil of anise 5, habit, etc.
deodorized alcohol, sufficient to make 100 Auscult, or Auscultate (aws-ku/t^, aw.i'-
parts. A., Syr., sweet orange peel 5, cal- kul-lat) \_auseultare, to listen to].
To per-
cium phosphate preci]). I, sugar 70, alcohol form or practise auscultation; to examine by
and water, each a sufficient quantity to make auscultation.
100 parts. A., Tinct. (B. P.). Dose 3J-ij Auscultation {a7rs-ku/-/a'-s/iun) [auseu/tare,
(4.0-8.0). A. recentis, Tinct. (B. P.), to listen to], A
method of investigation of
tincture of fresh orange peel. Dose 3J-ij the functions and condition of the respir.itory,
(4.0-8.0). A.,Vinum (B. P.), contains 12 circulatory, digestive, and other organs by
per cent, of alcohol. the sounds they themselves give out. or that
Auric [aiv-rik') [auruiit, gold]. Pertaining are elicited by percussion. It is called ////-
mediate, when the ear is directly applied
to aurum or gold. A. Acid. See AciJ. to
Auricle (^cna'-rik-l) [jiuricula, the ear], r. the part, and mediate, if practised by the aid
The expanded portion or pinna of the ear. of the stethoscope. Obstetrie auseullatioti is
2. One of the upper chambers of the heart to detect or study
practised in pregnancy
receiving the blood from the lungs (left A.) the fetal heart-sounds or the placental murmur.
or from the general circulation (right A.). A. -tube, in otology, an instrument for listen-
the
Auricular [aw- rik'-ti- lar) [âuricula, the ing lo the forced pass.age of air through
I. Relating to the auricle of the car of another.
ear].
ear. 2. Pertaining to the auricles of the Auscultatory {aws-kul' -tat-o-re) [auscullare^
AUTECHOSCOPE AUTOSCOPY
to listen to]. Relating to auscultation. A. Autointoxication {aw-to iti-toks-ik-a' -shun)
Percussion, the practice of listening with [fUTOf, self; toS,ik6v, a poison]. Poisoning
the stethoscope to the sounds produced by by faulty metabolic products elaborated within
percussing a part. the body autoinfection.
;
Autechoscope (aiu-tek' -oskof] [nirof, self; Autokinesis {aw-to-kin-c'-sis') \_nv-6c, self;

Tjxoq, sound; aKO—dv, to inspect]. device A Kivr/GiQ, movement]. Voluntary movement.
for enabling a person to listen to sounds pro- Autokinetic {aw-to-kin-el'-ik) \jiv-6q, self;
duced witjiin his own body. Kivt/aig, movement]. Pertaining to, or of the
Autecious, or Autcecious {aw - te' -skus) nature of, autokinesis.
\_avT6c, self; nhor, dwelHng]. Applied to Automatic [ajO'to-z/ia/^-ik) \^nvTni/n7!!^Fiv, to
parasitic fungi that pass through all the stages act spontaneously]. Performed without the
of their existence in the same host. influence of the will.
Autochthon {aiu-tok' -tho7i) [rtiTo^flwi', sprung Automatism {a7i'-/o/?i'-at-izni) \_avrnjiari^fiv,
from the land]. An
aboriginal inliabitant. to act spontaneously]. The performance of
Autochthonous [ciw-tok' -Ihon-iis) [ai'ro\'Wwi', acts without apparent volition, as seen in cer-
sprung from the land]. Aboriginal; formed tain somnambulists and in some hysteric and
(as c. a clot) in the place where it is found.

g. , epileptic patients. A., Epileptic. See Au-
Autocinesis {a7v-to-sin-e^-sis) [avTO^, self; tomatism.
Kivi/air, motion]. Motion that is voluntary. Automaton {a'w-tom' -at-on) spon-
[r;7'ro//«rr)f,
Autocinetic (ato-to-sin-ef -ik) [ni;r6f, self; taneous]. One W'ho acts in an involuntary or
motion].
liivtjaiQ, Possessed of the power of mechanic manner.
spontaneous motion. Autonomy {aio ton' o me)
- - -
[(UTfJf, self ;
Autoclave {mv' -to-Mav) \avT6(;, self; clavis,2t. voimq, law]. Independence.

key]. I. Self-fastening; closing itself. 2. Autonomous (aô-ton-om'-us) [aiTof, self;
An apparatus for sterilizing objects by steam- v(5ôf, law]. Self-ruled; independent.
heat at high pressure. Autopepsia {aw-to-pep'-se-ah) \_av-6q, self;
Autodidact [a7u' - fo-di- dakf) [a/rof, self; 7rl-Tf:ir, to digest]. Autodigestion.
th^cLKTor, taught]. One who is self-taught in Autophagia {atv-to-pha' -je-ah) \avr6q, self;
his profession. (pa-jFiv, to eat]. Self-consumption; emaci-
Autodigestion [aic-fo-di-jes^-c/nni) [avror, ation.
self; digere, to digest]. Digestion of an Autophagy {aw-toff'-a-je). See Autophagia.
organ by its own secretion. Autophobia {ino-to-fo'-be-ah) [«i>r(;f, self;
Autogenesis {an to-jen'-cs-is) \_avr6q, self; (Ao/ôf,
fear]. A morbid dread of one's self,
yh'tatr, jiroduction]. Spontaneous gener- or of solitude.
ation ; self-production. Autophonous [a7u-toff'-0M-tis) [a.vT6q, self;
Autogenetic {aw-to-jcn-et' -ik') \_avTC>c, self; ij)ui7j, voice]. Having the character of au-
yivtaiq, production]. Produced within the tophony.
organism. Autophony (a7i'-to/f'-o-nf)\_nhTuc, self; rixjr//,
Autogenous I. The auscultation of the

( aw-foj'-en-tts) [n'vTor, self; voice]. physician's
yevEacq, production]. Pertaining to diseases own voice through the patient's chest. 2. The
or conditions self-produced within the body condition in which one's own voice appears
and not derived from external sources ap- ; changed. It may be due to chronic in-
plied to poisons generated in tlie body by its flammation of the ear or to other causes.
inlierent processes. A. Hemorrhage, hem- Autophthalmoscopy (a-ii - toff- thai - mos'-
orrhage due to causes residing within the ko-pe) [aiTOf self o^da'Afioq, the eye
, ; uko- ;
l)ody; not traumatic. Tre'iv, to see]. Ophthalmoscopy performed

Autohypnotism {aiu-to-hip' -itot-izvi) [niTOf, upon one's own eye.
self; iJTi'or,
sleep]. Mental stupor induced Autoplasty (aro'-to-p/as-te) [niTOf, self;
by dwelling intensely upon some all-aijsorbing TT/iiaaur, to form]. A
method of repairing
thought. the effects of a wound or lesion involving loss
Autoinfection {aw-to-in-fek'- shun') \_av-6q, of tissue by grafting or implanting fresh
self; Infection by virus originat-
infection. parts taken from other portions of the patient's
ing within the body or transferred from one body.
part of the body to another. Autopsy [a7v'-top-se) \_nvr6Q, self; 3i/«f, a
Autoinoculable {auito-in-ok'-u-la-hl ) \_avT6(:, seeing].The post mortem examination.
self; /;/()(7c/(?;r, to imjilant]. Capalile of be- Autoscope (rt7C'''-A)-.f/'rt/i)[«i'7or, self; aumve'iv,
ing inoculated upon the person already in- to see]. An instrument, <".
^., the ojihthal-
fected. Cliancroid is autoinoculable. moscope, arranged for the examination of an
Autoinoculation (
aw -
to-in-ok-ii-la' - shun ) organ by oneself.
[oi'irof, self; inoriilair, to implant]. Inocu- Autoscopy [aro-tos' -ko-pr^ \_avT6r, self; gko-
lation in one part of body by virus present
tlie Tvtiv, to see]. The examination of one's own
in another part ; self-inoculation. organs by means of an autoscope.
AUTOSITE AXIS
Autosite {aw^ -to-sti)\_nvT6Q, self; airoq, food]. Avascular {ah-vas' -cul-ar) [a pri^'.; 7'aja,
I. A monster capable of an independent vessel]. Without blood; not possessing
existence afier birlh. 2. That member of a blood-vessels.
double fetal monstrosity that nourishes itself by Avena (;77' (-'-;//?//) [L.]. A genus of plants.
its own organs and also the other member, Oat. A. farina, oatmeal. A. sativa, the
which is called the parasite. embryo of the seed of the common oat plant.
Autositic [aw-to-sit'-ik) \jivt6c,, self; airo^, It contains starch, gluten, a ferment called
food], of the nature of an autosite. diastase, and a small amount of alkaline
Autostethoscope [aw-to-steth' -o-skop) [(uVdf , phosphates, and is a nutritious food. iJose
self; arijtliK;, breast; amntlv, to exam-
the of the concentrated tinct. or fid. ext.
TT\^x-
ine]. A stethoscope so arranged that by it .îj (0.65-8.0). The pericarp contains an
one may listen to his own chest-sounds. alkaloid posses.sed of slight narcotic powers.
Autosuggestion {ciw-to-sug-jes' -chtin) Sjwtoc,, Unof
self; suggestio, an intimation]. term sug- A Avenin (av-e' -nin) \avena, the oat], i. A
gested Ijy a peculiar mental con-
Page for precipitate made from a tincture of avtna
dition, often developing after accidents, espe- sativa, or the oat. It is a nerve -stimulant
cially railway accidents it is
intimately asso-
; and tonic. Unof 2. A nitrogenous princi-
ciated with the hypnotic state. In both of ple obtained from the oat, and nearly identical
these conditions the mental spontaneity, the with legumin the gluten -ca.sein of oats.
;
will, or the judgment, is more or less sup- Avogadro, Law of. See Law.
pressed or o!)scured, and suggestions become Avoirdupois Weight [av-or-Ju-poiz' -7vat)
easy. Thus the slightest traumatic action [Fr. ai'oirdupois, to have some weight].
,
directed to any member may become the oc- See I'Veights and Measures.
casion of a paralysis, of a contracture, or of Avulsion (av-ul' -shun) \a7<ulsio ; a7>ellere,
an arthralgia. It is also called traumatic to tear away]. A tearing or wrencliing away
siiggtstion. of a part, as a ])oIypus, a limb, etc.
Autotherapy {aiv-fo-thcr^ -a-pe) [aiVof, self; Axial (aks'-e-al) \_a.xis, axis]. Pertaining to
dcpuTTEin, a waiting on]. The spontaneous or situated in an axis. A. Current, tlie
or self-cure of a disease. column of red corpuscles which, by reason of
Autotoxemia {aw-to-toks-c^-me-aJi) [arrof, the weight of the cells, occupies the center
self; ToîKov, a poison ni/ia, blood]. Toxemia
;
or axis of the blood-stream. A. Hyperme-
from poisons derived from the organism itself tropia. See Hypcrmetropia. A. Stream.
Autotoxin (tna - to - toks'- in) \avr6Q, .self ;
See A. Current.
roi,iKin', a poison]. Any poisonous product Axilemma (aks-il-cm' -ah) \axis, axis ; 7iuua,
of tissue-metamorphosis. husk, skin]. An elastic sheath composed of
Autotransfusion (aw - to - tranz -fu'- zhun) neurokeratin, enclosing the axis-cylinder of
[«(V(ir, self; transfiisio, a pouring out or medullated nerve-liljcrs.
forth]. The transfer of the blood to the Axilla (.?/C'W/'-a/z) \\..: pi., Axillu-\ The
brain and other central organs by elevating armpit.
the hips and legs, and by the use of elastic Axillary [aks' -il-a-re) \axilla, armjiit]. Per-
bandages compressing the limbs. taining to the axilla. A. Artery, the con-
Auto vaccination (aw - to vaks in - a'- shun) - -
tinuation of the subclavian artery, extending
[aiirtir,
self vacdnare, io vaccinate]. The
;
from the lower border of the first ril) to the
reinsertion of fresh-vaccine lymph upon the insertion of the pectoral is major muscle.
same person from whom it is taken. where becomes tiie brachial. See Arteries.
it
Autumn Catarrh. Synonym of Hay-fever, Table of. A. Glands, the lym]ihatic glands
since it occurs in August and the fall of the in the axilla. A. Plexus, the brachial plexus,
year. formed by the last three cervical and tlie first

Autumnal [aw-tuin'-nal) \nutuninus, au- dorsal nerves. A. Space, the irregular con-
tumn]. Pertaining to the fall of the year. ical space of the axilla. A. Vein, a con-
A. Fever. Synonym of Typhoid Fever. tinuation of the brachial vein, corresponding
Auxiliary (awks-iV -e-a-re) \auxilium, help]. with the artery and terminating in the sub-
Aitling. clavian vein.
Auxilium {aioks-il' -e-um) [L. , help]. A Axis [aks'-is) [I., for axletree].
I. .\n im
wheeled vehicle or ambulance with coucli and aginary line passing through the center ot a
mattresses, for use in tlie service of tiaJd miU- boily. 2. Tlie second cervical vertebra. _^.
tary hospitals. A short artery which breaks up into several

Ava Kava See A'ava- branches, g. A., Thyroid
e. A.. Celiac. See ;
{ah^-vah kah'-vah).
A'ava. Arteries, Table of. A., Basicranial, in
Avalanche Theory. Plliiger's theory that craniometry, a 5ine drawn from llie basion
nerve energy gathers intensity as it
passes to the middle of thi> anterior border
toward tlie muscles. of the cerebral surface of tiie sphenoid
AXIS-CYLINDER AZZLE TEETH
bone. A., Basifacial, in craniometry, a Azobenzene {az-o-ben'-zen) \azote, nitrogen ;
line drawn from the anterior liorder of the benzoin], Cj.,HjqN2. A
compound formed
cerebral surface of the sphenoid to the by the action of sodium-amalgam upon the
alveolar point. A., Binauricular, in cranio- alcoholic solution of nitrobenzene. It forms
metry, the imaginary line joining the two orange- red, rhombic crystals, readily soluble in
auricular points. A., Cerebrospinal, the alcohol and ether, but sparingly soluble in
central nervous system. A., Frontal (of water. It melts at 68°, and distils at 293°.
the eye), an imaginary line running through Azo-compounds. In chemistry, compounds
the eyeball from right to left, and corres- intermediate between the nitrocompounds
ponding with the movements of elevation and the amido-compounds, and made from
and depression of the eyeball. A., Optic. the former by partial reduction, or from the
I. The line from the center of the cornea latter by partial oxidation.
to the macula lutea. 2. An imaginary line Azo-dyes. A
well defined group of the coal-
the diatomic group
passing from the center of the eye-piece of
a tar colors, all
containing
microscope throughthe body, objective,
— N^N— bound on either side
,
to a benzene
stage, andsub-stage, to the mirror. A., radical. They may be prepared by reduction
Sagittal (of the eye), an imaginary line run- of the nitrocompounds in alkaline solutions,
ning through the eyeball from before back- or by acting on diazo-compounds with
ward, and conciding with the line of vision. phenols or amins of the aromatic series. The
A., Visual, the line from the object through azo-dyes are the amido-derivatives of simple
the nodal point to the macula. azo-compounds, and are to be distinguished as
-
in- Jer) \_axis amidoazo-dyes and oxyazo-dyes.
-
Axis-cylinder is si/'- ;
[aks
cylinder']. The conducting or essential part Azoic [az-o'ik] \Ji priv.; C^v, life]. Destitute
of a nerve. It is also called the axis-cylinder of living organisms.
of Purkinje. A. -cylinder Process, that one Azolitmin [az-o-lit'-inin) \_ii priv.; Cw//, life ;
of the protoplasmic processes of a nerve-cell C-Ii-NO^.

litnnis], A deep blood-red color-
which beci^mes an axis-cylinder. ing matter obtained from litmus.
Axis-traction {nks -
is Irak'- s/uni) \_axis ;
-
Azoospermia [ah-zo-o-sper' -7ne-aJi) [a priv.;
tiahere, to draw]. Traction on the fetus in CuV, life a-iipi_ta, seed].
;
Absence of, or
the axis of the pelvis. A. -traction Forceps, deficient vitality of, the spermatozoa.
a forceps for performing axis-traction. Azote iaz'-o/) [a priv.; C,u7], life].
A syno-
Axon, Axone {ales' -on) \_axis, axle-tree], i. nym of nitrogen. Azotic acid, nitric acid.
The body-axis. 2. An unbranched nerve- Azotemia (az-o-te'-nie-ah) \_azotc, nitrogen;
cell process of the second order. (Liita, blood]. The presence of nitrogenous
Axungia {aks- iiu' -je-aJi) [L. :
gen., Ax- compounds in the blood ;
uremia.
Hn[;iif\. Fat ; lard adeps. ; Azotized [az'-ot -Izd) nitrogen].
\azote,
Azalein {az-a'-le-in). Same as Rosanilin. Nitrogenized containing nitrogen.
;
Azedarach {az-ed'-ar-ak) [Pers. azad, free ; Azoturia [az-o-tu'-re-ah) \_azote, nitrogen ;

(iirakht, a tree]. Pride of China, the bark orpor, the urine]. An increase of the urea
of Mt'lia azedarach, an Asiatic tree natur- and urates in the urine.
alized in the southern U.
occurs in S. It Azygos (az^-ig-os) [a priv.; C^'}"?, a yoke].
curved pieces or quills, having a sweetish taste. Applied to parts that are single, not in pairs.
A decoction, ^ ss to Oj, is used as an an- A. uvulae, a small muscle of the uvula. A.
thelmintic against the round-worm. Dose Vein, a vein connecting the superior and in-
3SS-J (16.0-32.0). A., Ext. Fid. Dose ^] ferior venix: cava:.
(4.0). Unof. A., Tinctura, i to 8. Dose Azygous (az^-ig-ies) [« priv.; ^v)6g, a yoke].
gss-ij (2.0-8.0). Unof. Not ])aired.
Azerin {az'-er-in) [a priv.; ^rip6r, dry]. A Azymia {ah-zi' -tne-aJi) [a priv.; i^vjui,
a fer-
ferment analogous to ptyalin and found in ment]. Absence of ferment.
the digestive secretions of Drosera Xcpciitlws, Azzle Teeth [az'-l tetlt)\Y.. iY\a\.,assal leetkl.
and probably all other insectivorous
plants. A name given to the molar teeth.
B BACTERIA
B
B. In chemic terminology the symbol of Actinomycosis. Occurs in grains the size
Boron. of a ix)ppy-seed composed of radiating
;
Ba. Tlie chemic symbol of Barium. threads. Stains with anilin dyes is not de- ;
Babbitt Metal. See Antimony. colorized by Gram's method. (Jrows on egg-

Bacca {hak'-ka) [L.]. Berry' albumin, gelatin, potato, and bouillon, liijf.,
Bacilliform (bas-il' -if-orm) \_bacillum, rod; pg., c/ig.
(Sulphur-yellow.) Anthrax bac-
forma, form]. Having the shape or appear- illus. See Bacillus anthracis. Arthrobac-
ance of a bacillus. terium aceti, I)e 15ary. See Bacillus aceti.
Bacilluria (bas-il-tt'-re-ah) \Jyacillum, a rod ; Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary.
oi'pov, urine]. The presence of bacilli in See Bacillus clilorinus. Arthrobacterium
the urine. merismopcedioides, De l'>ary. See Jiacillus
Bacillus {I'as-il^-us) [dim. of hactdum ; a Arthrobacterium pas-
fiierismopa-dioides.
small staff: />/., Baci/ii']. i.
genus of A torianum, De Bary. See Bacillus pasten-
the Schizomycetes comprising the rod-shaped rianus. Arthrobacterium viride, De Bary.
forms of bacteria. 2. An individual of the See Bacillus viridis. Arthrobacterium
genus Bacillus. 3. A
medicated rod or zopfii. See Bacillus zopfii. Ascobacillus
bougie. 4. Any rod-like body, or specifi- citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. Syn. Asco-
cally, one of the retinal rods. coccus citreus. On the skin, in cases of ec-
Bacony Infiltration {Im'-kon-e in-fil-tra'- zema seborrhfcicum. aer., liqf., mot., dig.
shun). Same as Amyloid Degeneration. (lemon-yellow), itpg. Ascobacterium ul-
Bacteremia (bak-ter-e^ me-ah') \fiaKTijpiov, vina. Van Tieghem. Short rods occurring
a little rod alp.a, blood].
;
The presence of in liquids containing decaying leguminous
bacteria in the blood. seeds. Ascococcus billrothii, Cohn. Lol)u-
Bacterium [hak-te^-re-um) \_[iaKTTiptov,
a little lated masses, producing a viscous fermenta-
stick: //. , Bacteria'^. I. A synonym of tion of saccharine fluids and evolving laityric
Schizomyces or microorganism. 2. The acid in solution of ammonium tartrate. Asco-
word was formerly restricted to a genus of coccus johnei, Cohn. See Micrococcus
schizomycetous fungi established by Ehren- botryogenus. Ascococcus mesenteroides,
berg (1S3S) and Dujardin (1841), charac- Cienkowski. See I.euconostoc mesenteroides.
terized by short, linear, intle.xible, rod-like Ascococcus vibrans, Van Tieghem. Upon
forms, without tendency to unite into chains water containing Beggiatoa ; distinguished
or filaments. Morphologically, bacteria are from A. billrothii by the whirling and oscil-
spheric (cocci) in the form of straight rods
; lating of the cells. Bacilli of Butyric Acid
(bacilli) or of twisted rods (spirilla). Bac-
;
Fermentation. .See Bacillus butyricus,
teria are either aerobic requiring free oxy- 1
lueppe and Prazmowski. Bacillus butylicus,
gen, or anaerobic, not requiring free oxygen. Fitz. Bacilli of Fermentation of Carbo-
Again, certain forms appear to possess the hydrates. .See Bacillus acidi laclici, llucppe.
ability to flourish in either condition, and are Bacillus butyricus, Ilueppe and Prazmowski.
known as facultative aerobic or anaerobic. Bacillus butylicus, Y\i7.. Bacillus dysodes,'/.o\ii.
Bacteria are either motile or nonmotile; they Bacillus poly mi.xa, Prazmowski. Bacilli of
may exist as saprophytes, facultative par- Guillebeau (a, b, c), obtained from milk of
asites, strict, obligate, or true parasites cows with mastitis give rise to a ]ieculiar
;
Those that produce pigment are known as fermentation of cheese, (a) aer. , facanaer. ,
chromogenic those that produce fermenta-
; mot., nliqf. ; (b) aer., facanaer., Hi/f, mot.:
tion as zymogenic ; those that affect ad- (c) aer., nliqf. Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing,
versely the health of plants or animals as Sommer. Syn., Arthrobacterium aceti, De
pathogenic. See Bacteria, Table of, and Bary. Ba<illus aceticus, Fliigge Bacterium;
under appropriate headings. Micrococcus aceti : Mycoderma

special terms aceti,\.Km\.
aceti, Pasteur. Ulvina aceti, Kiitzing. Found
TABLE OF BACTERIA.* in air and vinegar ; common. Large cylin-
Actinobacter .See Bijc- drical cells of varying size. Absorbs oxygen
polymorphus.
hutvriciis, Prazmowski.
illtis Actinomy- from air and oxidizes alcohol to acetic acid;
ces bovis, Harz. Syn. Cladothrix bovis, produces vinegar may, by further oxiibition,
;
Cladothrix canis, Rabe Found in convert this into carbon dioxid and w.iter.
(?).
»
Abbreviations. —aer. = atrohic. anarr. ^ anaerobic, chff. ^ cliromoRCiiic. facanaer. -
fai-nltritivc
anaerobic liqf.
= liquefactive. ymmom. iiionomorphic. -- icf.
nmol. = nonmotile. »/>!,'. = nonpathogenic, obi. = ohliKatc.
-
live. oscl. osci Hating. pK. pa-
thogenic. phos. = phosphorescent, pleont.
= pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic
BACTERIA BACTERIA
aer., nliqf., mot., npg., pleom. Bacillus ky. Found in river water (Kura), and
aceticus, Fliinjge. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitz- hydrant water (Tiflis). Bacillus aquatilis,
ing. Bacillus acidiformans, Sternberg. Frankland. Found in well-water in the chalk-
Obtained from the liver of a yellow fever formations of Kent, Eng. aer., liqf, mot.,
cadaver, ^tv. , facanatr-, iiliqf. ,nntot., pg npg. Bacillus aquatilis sulcatus, I, II,
Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Syn.,/?(Z(r- III, IV, V, Weichselbaum. F'ound in hy-
teriiim lactis, Lister. Pound in the air and drant water (Vienna), aer. facanaer. nliqf,
, ,
in sour milk. aer.,facaniier. , nliqf., nmot. , mot., npg. Bacillus arborescens, Frank-
npg. Bacillus actinobacter, Duclaux. land. Found in hydrant water (London).
Syn. ,
Actinohacle?- polyniorphtis. A minute Bacillus argenteo-phosphorescens, I, II,
cap.sulated bacillus, rendering milk gelatinous III, Katz. C)btained respectively from sea-
and rojjy. aer. , nmot. See Bacillus huty- water, phosphorescent pieces of fish, and
ricus, Prazmowski. Bacillus aerogenes, cuttle-tish (Sydney, N. S.W). aer., nliqf.,
I, II, III, Miller. Syn., Bacterium aero- tnot. (except \V\,phos., npg. Bacillus ar-
Miller. Helicobacterium -
genes. aerogenes. genteo phosphorescens
liquefaciens,
Miller. Three small bacilli from the alimen- Katz. Obtained from sea-water, near Syd-
tary tract of healthy persons aer., nliqf., ney, N. S. W. aer., facanaer., liqf, mot.,
mot., npg. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes, phos., npg. Bacillus aurantiacus, Prank-
Escherich. Bacillus aerogenes capsula- land. Found in well-water, aer., nliqf.,
tus, Welch and Nuttall. Found in the blood- mot., chg. (orange), «/^. Bacillus aureus,
vessels in a case of thoracic aneurysm, an- Adametz. Found in water also on the skin ;
aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus aero- in cases of eczema seborrlioeicum, Unna and
philus, Liborius. Obtained from the air. Tommasoli. aer., nliqf, mot., chg. (golden
aer., liqf, nmot., npg. Syn., Bacille aero- yellow). Bacillus ^, Vignal. êe Bacillus
phile, Fr. Bacillus aeruginosum. See Ba- huccalis, \'ignal. Bacillus B., Hofmann.
cillus pyocyaneiis, Gessard. Bacillus albu- Found in the larva; of Liparis monacha. Tiie
minis, Bienstock. Found abundantly in cause of Flacherie, or Schlaffsucht. Bacillus
feces. Decomposes .albumin, hence its name. beribericus, Lacerda. Syn., Alicrococcus
aer., mot., npg. Bacillus albus, Becker, of beriberi, Lacerda; Neisseria winkleri.
Eisenberg. The white bacillus of water. Found by Lacerda, Pekelharing and Wink-
aer.. nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus albus an- ler, in the blood of persons affected with beri-
aerobiescens, \'aughan. Found in water. beri. Negative results were obtained by

aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacil- Eykmann and Sternberg. See Beri-beri.
lus albus
cadaveris, Strassmann and Bacillus berolinensis indicus, Classen.
Strieker. Found in blood of cadaver, aer. ,
Found in water of the Spree, aer., tiliqf,
liqf., mot.,pg. Bacillus albus putridis, mot., ^//;'-.(indigo-blue), npg. Bacillus bien-
De Bary. Found in water, aer. , liq f , mot., stockii, Bienstock. Fôund in human feces.
npg. Bacillus allantoides, Klein. Ob- mot., pg. Bacillus brassicse, Pommer.
tained from the air. aer., »iit., npg. Not Found in infusions of cabbage-leaves, aer.,
sufficiently studied. Bacillus allii, (iriffiths. facanaer. , liqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus
Syn., Bacterium allii. F'ound on surface of brunneus, Adametz and Weichmann. Found
decaying onions, aer. chg. (green) npg.
, ,
in water,aer., facanaer., nliqf, ntiiot., npg.
Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Syn., Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Syn., Bacillus
Bacillus preussii, Ciesielski. Bacillus tnelit- ulna, \'ignal. Bacillus a, Vignal Bacillus ;
topthorus, Cohn. Bacillus of foul brood. b, Vignal; Bacillus f

Vignal; Bacillus g,
Obtained from bee larv.'e infected with " foul Vignal Bacillus j, Vignal. Bacillus buc-
;
brood." aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., pg. Also calis fortuitus,W^nn\. Bacillus buccalis mi-
pathogenic for mice and guinea pigs. Cf. ntitus, Vignal. Leptothrix buccalis. Vignal.
Bacillus of Canestrini. Bacillus anaero- From the salivary secretions of healthy per-
bicus liquefaciens, Sternberg. Obtained sons, aer., liq f., npg., chg. fgolden yellow).
from contents of intestine of yellow fever Bacillus buccalis maximus, Miller.
cadaver, anaer., liqf., nmot., Pathogenesis Found the mouth of man.
in Conmion.
not determined. Bacillus anthracis, Pol- Biologic characters undetermined. Bacillus-
lender and Davaine. Syn. Bacterium an- ,
buccalis minutus, Vignal. See Bacillus
thracicum, Bollinger. Bacterium anthracis, buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz.
Zopf. Bacterium carbunculare, Pollender, Syn., Bacille butylique, Fr. See Bacillus
Brauell, L)elafond, Davaine. Mettalacter butyricus, Hueppe. Bacillus butyricus,
anthracis, Trevisan. Bacille du charbon, Botkin, Ilueppe, Prazmowski. Obtained
Fr.; Milzbrand-bacilhis, Ger. Found in the from milk, hydrant viâter, and well water,
blood of animals and persons infected with old cheese, garden earth, dust, etc. Syn.,
anthrax, aer., facanaer., liqf., nmot., pg. Actinobacter polvmorphus, Duclaux. Atny-
Bacillus aquaticus liquefaciens, Pokrows- lobaeter Clostridium, 'frecul. Bacillus actino
BACTERIA BACTERIA
hacter,Duclaux. Bcicillits amylobacter. Van fever cadaver, aer. facanaer. nliqf, mot.,
, ,
Tieghem. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Bac- npg. Bacillus cavicida, Hiieger. See
terium navicula, Reinke and Berthold. Clos- Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Bacillus cavi-
tridium butyricum, Prazmowski. Micrococ- cida havaniensis, Sternberg. ( )btuiiied
cus amylovorus, Jjurrill. Vibrione butyriijuc, from intestine of fever cadaver.
yellow
Pasteur. Bacillus of butyric acid fermenta- aer., mot. Bacillus
facanaer., nliqf.,
tion Bacillus of lire-blight Bacillus of pear-
; ; cavicidus, Brieger. Syn., Bacillus cavi-
blight Micrococcus of apple-blight Micro-
; ; cida. Brieger's bacillus. Obtained from
coccus of pear-blight. One of the most human feces, aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg.
widely diffused forms, exceedingly important (not for rabbits or mice). Perhaps identical
and varied in its
powers of decomposition. It with Bacillus neafolitanus, Emmerich. Ba-
is typically anaerobic and the chief of all the cillus chauvaei, Bollinger and Feser, Arlo-
ferments giving rise to butyric acid as a prim- ing, Cornevin, and Thomas. Syn., Bacillus
ary product. It plays an important part in of symptomatic anthrax. Bacille du charbon
the human economy and in the destruction symtomatique. Rau.schbrandi)acillus. Clos-
of plant cellulose. Botkin regards the form tridium of symptomatic anthrax, Neclsen
observed by him as distinct, aer., anaer., and Ehlers. Found in tissues of cattle suf-
Bacillus butyri from symptomatic anthrax, black "
li(jf., mot., ii/>i^. pleom.
,
fering
"
fiuorescens, Lafar. Occurring in every sam- leg," or quarter evil." anaer., liqf, mot.,
ple of natural butter examined. See Bac- pg. Bacillus chlorinus, Engelmann. Syn.,
terium butyri colloideum, Lafar. Bacillus Arthrobacterium chlorinuin, iJe Bary. Bac-
mclochloros, Winkler and .Schroter. Bacillus terium chlorinum, Engelmann. Founil in
butyri viscosus, Lafar. Found in butter. infusions of decaying vegetable matter, aer.,
aer., nliqf., npi;: Bacillus cadaveris, sap., dig. (green), npg. Bacillus cholerae
Sternberg obtained from yellow fever cada-
; asiaticae, Koch. See Spirillum choleric
vers, obi., anaer. (strict), wwt*/., /y. Ba- asiaticic, Koch. Bacillus cholerae galli-
cillus canalis capsulatus, Mori. Found narum, Fliigge. See Bacillus septicicmicc
in sewer water. aer., facanaer., nliqf., InemorrhaqiciC, Sternberg. Bacillus chro-
nntot., pg. (for mice; guinea pigs and rab- moaromaticus, Galtier. Obtained from
bits innnune). Bacillus canalis parvus, the carcass of a diseased pig. aer.,
Mori. Found
sewer water, aer., nliqf.,
in
facanaer., liqf, mot., pg. (for rabbits).
nmot., pg. (for mice and guinea pigs). Ba- Bacillus circulans, Jordan. Found in the
cillus candicans, Frankland. Found in water of Merrimac River, aer., facanaer.,
soil. aer., nliqf. nmot., nfg. Bacillus liqf., mot., tipg. Bacillus citreus. See
capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Obtained from the Ascobacillus Uinia antl Tonnnasoli.
ciireus,
blood of a guinea pig. aer. , facanaer. nliqf. , ,
Bacillus citreus cadaveris, Strassmann.
nmot., pg. (for white mice and house mice, Found in cadaver, aer. liqf. nmot. chg.
, , ,
guinea pigs, rabbits and pigeons (septicemia). (yellow). Bacillus claviformis, Duclaux.
Bacillus capsulatus mucosus, Fasching. Syn., Tyrothrix claviformis, Duclaux.
Found in the nasal secretions of man in cases Found in fermenting ca.sein. anaer., /»;•.
of influenza, aer., facanaer., nmot., nliq f, Bacillus cloacae, Jonlan. One of the most
pg.[{oT white mice and field mice), npg. (for common microbes in sewage, aer., facan-
rablDits and pigeons). Bacillus capsulatus aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus cceruleus,
smithii, a, b, c, Theobald Smith. Syn., Cap- Smith. Found in river water (ScluiykilL.
sule-bacillus of Smith. Found in the intes- aer., liqf, dig. (blue), nfg.Bacillus coli
tines of swine, aer. facanaer. nliqf nmot.
, , , ,
communis. See Bacillus neafolitanus,
nfg. According to Smith, possibly identical Emmerich. Bacillus coli similis. Stem-
with Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. berg. (Obtained from human liver. aer.,
Bacillus carabiformis, Kaczynsky. Found facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus
in the stomach of meat-fed dogs, aer., liqf., constrictus, Zimmermann. Found in water.
mot., npg. Bacillus carotarum, A. Koch. aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., chg. (cadmium
Obtained from cooked carrots and sugar yellow), npg. Bacillus coprogenes foeti-
beets, aer., liqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus dus, Schottelius. Obtained from inie>tinal
catenula, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix cate- contents of pigs dead of malignant erysi|)ehis.
nula. Found in cheese, anaer. (will, how- aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus copro-
ever grow in air), nmot. npg. Bacillus cau- , genes parvus. Obtained from human feces.
casicus, Kern. Syn. Bacterium caucasicum.

, aer., n'iqf, nmot.,pg. Bacillus crassus,
Dispora caucasica, Kern. Used in the pre- Van Tieghem. The broadest known baete-
" Kefir." rium, 4 //. mot., npg. Bacillus crassus
paration of the peculiar milk-wine,
Bacillus
aer. facanaer. nmot. npg. Bacillus caviae
, , , sputigenus, Kreibohm. Syn. ,
fortuitus, Sternberg. Found in exudates of sputigenus crassus. From the sputum and
guinea pig inoculated with liver from yellow tongue of man. aer., nliqf, nmot., pg.
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Bacillus crystallosus. Bacillus cunea- Syn., Bacterium dysodes. Found in yeast,
tus. Syn., Biutei-iiim cuneatu/n, Rivolta. inducing fermentative changes in bread,
Found in the blood and viscera of horses, causing it to smell disagreeably and to be-
cattle, and dogs dead of septic processes, pg. come greasy and unfit for use. Bacillus
Bacillus cuniculicidus, Koch. See Ba- Emmerich. See Bacillus neapolitanus,
cillus sept!i\r>/n,c /urmon-liaiîca,
Sternberg. Emmerich. Bacillus endocarditidis cap-
Bacillus cuniculicida havaniensis, Stern- sulatus, Weichselbauin. From viscera of
berg. Found in viscera of yellow fever ca- man who died of endocarditis with thromlu.
davers, iier., facanaer., nliqf., pg. Bacil- aer., nliqf, pg. Bacillus endocarditidis
lus cuticularis, Tils. Found in water, aer. , griseus, Weichselbaum. From the heart ir
liqf., mot., dig. (yellow), fipg. Bacillus a case of endocarditis recurrens ulcerosa.
cyaneophosphorescens, Katz. Obtained aer., nliqf, mot.,pg. Bacillus enteritidis,
from sea water (Australia), aer., facanaer. ,
Gartner. Obtained from the tissues of a cow
liqf., mot., plios., chg. (greenish), npg. killed on account of sickness attesded with
Bacillus cyanofuscus, Beyerinck. Ob- mucous diarrhea, and from the spleen of a
tained from glue and Edam cheese, aer., man who died shortly after eating of the
chg. (green, changing to blue, brown, black), flesh of cow.
this aer., nliqf, mot., pg.
liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus cyanogenus, Dogs, cats, chickens, and sparrows are im-
Fuchs. Hueppe, Neelsen. Syn., Bacillus mune. Bacillus epidermidis, Bizzozero.
lactiscyanogenus. Bacillus syncyanum. Bac- Syn., Leptothrix epidermidis, Aficrosporon
terium cyanogenum, Fuchs, Bacterium syncy- niinutissimum, Burchart. From the epider-
anum, Ehrenberg, Schroter. Vibrio cyano- mis between the toes. aer., nliqf., npg.
genus. Fuchs. Vibrio syncyanus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus epidermidis, Bordoni-Ufireduzzi.
Bacillus of blue milk. Found in milk, aer., See Bacillus of Scheurlen. Bacillus Epsi-
nliqf., mot., dig. (grayish blue), npg. Ba- lon, von Miller. See Spirillum, Finkler-
cillus cystiformis, Clado. Found in urine Prior. Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch,
of patient with cystitis, aer., nliqf., tnot., Loffler, Schiitz, Pasteur. Syn., Bacillus
npg. Bacillus delicatulus, Jordan. Found erysipelas ?nalignum. Bacillus minimus, Ba-
in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., cillus murisepticus, Fliigge. Bacillus septi-
liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus dentalis viri- cus, Koch. Bacillus of mouse septicemia.
dans, Miller. Syn., Miller's bacillus. Bacillus of hog erysipelas. First" obtained
Found in carious dentine, aer., facanaer., by Koch by injecting putrefying flesh beneath
nliqf., pg. Bacillus denitrificans, Giltay the skin of mice, afterward by Loffler and
and Aberson. Obtained from the soil, air, Schiitz from carcasses of swine dead of
and sewage, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Cf. "Rotlauf" aer., facanaer., nliqf, pg.
Bacterium denitrificans, Gayon and Dupetit. Bacillus erysipelatos leporis, Koch. Ba-
Bacillus devorans, Zimmermann. Found cillus of erysipelasin the rabbit. Found in
in well water, aer.
facanaer., liqf, mot.,
,
the erysipelatous inflammation in a rabbit's
npg. Bacillus diffusus, Frankland. Found ear caused by the injection of mouse's dung.
in the soil. aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus Bacillus erythrosporus, Eidam, Cohn, and
diphtheriae, Klebs and Loffler. Syn., Ba- Miflet. Found in putrefying albuminous
cillus diphtherilicus. Bacillus diphtheritidis. fluids, water, etc. aer., nliqf., mot., chg.
Micrococcus diphtheriticus, Cohn. Found in (greenish yellow, fluorescent), npg. Ba-
diphtheritic membranes, aer., nliqf.,
false cillus ethaceticus, Frankland. Cause of
nmot., facanaer., pg. Bacillus diphtheriae fermentation of arabinose. Bacillus ex
columbarum, Loffler. From the pseudo- penumo-enteritide suis, E. Klein, Schiitz,
membranes in the mouths of pigeons infected Salmon, Cornil, Chantemesse, Selander. Ba-
with pigeon dii^htheria. aer., nliqf, nniot., cillus of hog cholera. Found in the in-
pg. Bacillus diphtheriae vitulorum, testinal contents, blood, and viscera of
LSffler. From the pseudomembranes in the swine dead of hog cholera, aer., facanaer.,
mouths of calves infected with epidemic nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus /, Vignal. See
diphtheria ; culture experiments unsuccess- Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus facul-
ful, pg. Rabbits and guinea pigs immune. tatus, Sadebeck and E. Frankel. Found in
Bacillus diphtheriticus, Bacillus diph- non-malignant pharyngeal mycosis. Bacil-
theridis. Bacillus diphtheritis. See Ba- lus fcetidus, Liborius. Syn., Bacterium
cillus diphtheriie, Klebs and Loffler. Bacil- fitidum. Clostridium fitidus, Liborius.
lus distortus, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix Oljtained from soil. anaer., liqf., mot.
distortus. Found in milk and cheese, aer., Bacillus fcetidus lactis, Jensen. From
mot., npg. Bacillus dysenteriae, Chante- milk, nliqf, npg.
aer., Bacillus fceti-
messe and Widal. Found in the intestinal dus ozaense, Hajek. Obtained from nasal i
contents and viscera of dysentery cadavers. secretions of patients with ozena. aer., I
aer., nliqf., pg. Bacillus dysodes, Zopf. facanaer., liqf. , mot., pg. Bacillus figu-
BACTERIA BACTERIA
rans, Crookshank. See Biuil/us mesentcri- rotten eggs, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mo/.,
cus vulgatiis. Bacillus figurans, Vaughan. chg. (brown), npg. Bacillus gallinarum,
Found in water. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Klein. Found in blood of chickens dead
Bacillus filiformis, Duclaux. Syn., Tyro- from a disease resembling chicken-cholera.
thrix filiformis. Found in cheese and milk. aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus gaso-
aer., mot., npg. Bacillus filiformis, Tils. formans, Eisenberg. Found
in water, aer. ,
P'ound in water. aer.,liqf., oscl.,Hf'g. Ba- facanaer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus gay-
cillus filiformis havaniensis, Sternberg. toni, Cheshire. The cause of a disease of
From tlie liver of a yellow fever cadaver.
honey bees. Cf Bacillus alvei, Cheshire
anaer., facaiiaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Ba- and Cheyne. Bacillus geniculatus, lie
cillus fitzianus, Zopf. See Bacillus subtilis, liary. Tyrothrix geniculatus, Du-
Syn.,
Colin. Bacillus flavescens, Polil. Found claux. Bacterium en zigzag, Fr. Found ir
in swampwater, aer., nliqf., chg. (yellow). the contents of the stomach, aer., nliqf.
Bacillus flavocoriaceus, Eisenberg. Syn., mot., npg. Bacillus gingivae, Miller.
Sulphur yellow bacillus (Adametz). Found Bacillus gingivae pyogenes. Miller. See
in water, aer., 7iliqf., ntiiot., chg. (sulphur Bacterium gingiva: pyogenes, Nliller. P'ouiiu
yellow), w/i,'-. Bacillus flavus, Mace. Found in a iilthy mouth and in
purulent dental
in drinking water, aer. liqf chg. (golden
, ,
pulp, aer., facanaer., liqf, pg. (for white
yellow), nmot. Bacillus fluorescens au- mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits). Bacillus
reus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant glaucus, Maschek. Found in water, aer.,
water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., mot., dig. liqf, nmot., chg. (gray), 7tpg. Bacillus
(ocher yellow), npg. Bacillus fluorescens gliscrogenus. See Bacterium gliscroge-
longus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant num, Malerba. Bacillus glycerinae, Buch-
water (Chemnitz), aer., ftliqf, mot., chg. ner. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn. Bacillus
(grayish yellow), npg. Bacillus fluo- gracilis, Zimmermann. Found in
hydrant
rescens. liquefaciens, Fliigge. Common water (Chemnitz), aer.. facanaer., liqf,
in water and putrefying infusions. aer., osel., npg. Bacillus gracilis anaerobies-
liqf., mot., chg. (greenisli yellow), npg. Cf. cens, Vaughan. Found in water, aer.,
Bacillus viscosus, Frankland. Bacillus facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus gra-
fluorescens liquefaciens minutissimus, cilis cadaveris, Sternberg. Obtained from
Unna and Tommasoli. Found upon skin in human liver, aer., facanaer., timot., nliqf,
cases of eczema seborrh(ieicum. aer., faca- pg. Bacillus granulosus, Russel. Found
naer., liqf., mot., chg. (greenish yellow), in mud (Bay of Naples), aer., facanaer.,
npg. Possibly identical with the preceding liqf, nmot. Pathogenesis not determined.
species. Bacillus fluorescens nivalis, Bacillus graveolens, Bordoni and Uffre-
Schmolck. Syn., Bacillus nivalis. Glacier duzzi. Founil on epidermis between the
bacillus. Found in snow and ice water toes of man. aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus
from Norwegian glaciers, aer., liqf, mot., guttatus, Zimmermann. P'ound in hydrant
chg. (bluisli green). npg. Bacillus water (Chenmitz). aer., facanaer., liqf,
fluorescens nonliquefaciens, Schiller. mot., npg. Bacillus halophilus, Russel.
Bacillus fluorescens putidus, Fliigge. Obtained from water and mud (Bay of
Found in water, aer., nliqf., mot., chg. Naples), aer., liqf mot. Pathogenesis not
,
(greenish), npg. Bacillus fluorescens determined. Bacillus hansenii, Raspmus-

tenuis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant sen. Found in various nutrient li<iuids. aer.,
water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., nmot. chg. fiiot., chg. (chrome yellow to yellowish
(greenish yellow), npg. Bacillus foetidus, brown). Bacillus havaniensis, Sternberg.
Passet. Syn., Bacterium fxtidufn. Thin. Syn., Micrococcus havaniensis, (?) Sternberg.
Clostridium fa:tidum, Liborius. Corpuscles Bacillus havaniensis liquefaciens, Stern-
briilants. Found in cases of fetid sweating berg. ()btained from the surface of the body
feet, in the exudations of mice inoculated of patients in the hospital at Hav;ina. aer.
with garden earth, and in cases of malig- nliqf., chg. (blood-red).
Bacillus helvolus
nant edema, anaer., liqf, mot., fipg. Ba- Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water
cillus foetidus lactis, Jensen. Found in (Chemnitz). aer., liqf, mot. (rotary only),
milk, aer., nliqf, npg. Resembles Ba- chg. (Naples yellow), npg. Bacillus
cillusneapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacillus heminecrobiophilus, Arloing. Found in
fulvus, Zimmermann. P'ound in hydrant a caseous lymphatic gland of a guinea pig.
water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf, nmot., chg. aer., facanaer.. nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus
(gamboge yellow), npg. Bacillus fuscus. hepaticus fortuitus, Sternl)erg. Obtained
Obtained from a putrefying infusion of from the exudations of a guinea-pig inocu-
maize, from the air, Bacterium
etc. Cf. lated with liver from a yellow fever patient.
brunneum, vSchroter. Bacillus fuscus ae?:, nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus hessii,
limbatus. Scheibenzuber. Obtained from Guillebeau. Found in cow's mill, aer.,
BACTERIA BACTERIA
liqf., mot. Pathogenesis determined. not the feces of a child, aer., liqf., nmot., chg.,
Bacillus hominis capsulatus, Uordoni- (yellow and red), npg. Bacillus lactis
Uffreduzzi. Syn., Proteus capsulatus septhus, pituitosi, Lofiler. Syn., Bacillus lactis
Banti. Proteus hominis capsulatus. Bordoni- I'iscosus, Adametz. Found in milk, aer.,
Uftreduzzi. Bacillus of rag-picker's disease. nliqf., npg. Bacillus lactis viscosus,
Obtained from persons dead from rag-picker's Adametz. Found in ropy milk. aer.,
disease, aer. nliqf., ninot., pg.
,
Bacillus nliqf, nmot., npg. Capsulated. Bacillus
iiyacinthi septicus, Heinz. Found in latericeus, Eisenberg. Found in water.
diseased hyacinths, aer., facanaer, nliqf., aer., nliqf, nmot., chg. (brick-red), npg.
Diot., npg. Cf. Bacterium hyacinthi, Wak- Bacillus leiodermos, Lolller. Syn., Bacil-
ker. Bacillus hyalinus, Jordan. Found lus liodermos, Fliigge. Bacillus leporis
in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., lethalis, Gibier and Sternberg. From the
facanaer., liqf-, mot., npg. Reduces nitrates intestinal contents of yellow fever patients.
rapidly. Bacillus
hydrophilus fuscus, aer., liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus leprae, Ar-
Sanarelli. From lymph of diseased
the mauer and Hansen. Found in leprous
frogs. aer., liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus tubercles. Cannot be cultivated in ordinary
implexus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant media. Specific pathogenesis settled by in-
water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf., mot., npg. oculation of a condemned criminal. Bacillus
Bacillus incanus, Pohl. Found in swamp leptosporus, L. Klein. Obtained from the
water. aer., liqf, mot. Not sufficiently air. aer., Bacillus lethalis.
mot., npg.
studied. Bacillus indicus, Koch. Syn. ,
Babes. Syn., Proteus lethalis. Ultained
Bacillus indicus ruber, Koch. ]\Iicrococcus from spleen and lung of patient dead
indicus, Koch. Found in the intestinal of septicemia, aer., facanaer., liqf, mot.,
contents of a monkey, aer., facanaer., liqf., pg. Bacillus limbatus acidi Iactici,
mot., chg. (brick-red), pg. (for rabbits). Marpmann. I'ound in cow's milk, aer.,
Bacillus indigoferus, Classen. Found in nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus limosus,
river water (Spree), aer., nliqf, mot., chg. Russel. Obtained from mud (Bay of
(deep indigo blue), 7ipg. Bacillus indigo- Naples), aer., liqf. mot. ,Pathogenesis not
genus, Alvarez. Found in an infusion of determined. Bacillus lineola. See Bac-
the leaves of the indigo plant. (Indigofera terium lineola, Cohn. Bacillus liodermos,
tinctoria, L.). aer., mot., chg. (indigo blue), Fliigge. See Bacillus leiodermos, Lolller.
pg. Bacillus inflatus, A. Koch. Obtained Bacillus liquefaciens, Eisenberg. Found
from the air. aer ., liqf. mot., npg. Bacil-
,
in water, aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus
lus intestinus motilis, Sternberg-. From liquefaciens bovis, Arloing. Syn., Pneu--
the intestinal contents of yellow fever cada- mobacillus liquefaciens bovis. I'rnm the
vers, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. lungs of a diseased ox. aer., facanaer.,
Bacillus inunctus, Pohl. Found in swamp liqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus liquefaciens
water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot. Patli- communis, Sternberg. Obtained from the
ogenesis not determined. Bacillus in- feces of yellow fever patients, aer. , facanaer. ,
visibilis, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus liquefaciens
facanaer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus iodo- magnus, Liideritz. Found in the exudates
coccus vaginatus, Miller. See lodococcus of mice inoculated with
garden earth.
vaginatus. Bacillus iris, Frick. aer., anaer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus liaue-
nliqf, nviot. (green), npg. Bacillus jan- faciens parvus, Liideritz. Source same as
thinus, Zopf. Syn., Bacterium janthinus, last, anaer., liqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus
Zopf. Violet bacillus, found in sewage liquidus, Frankland. Pound in river water
(Lawrence, Mass.), aer., liqf., mot., chg., (Thames). Common. aer., liqf., mot.,
(bluish violet), npg. Bacillus klebsii. npg. Bacillus litoralis, Russel. Obtained
Set Bacillus sjpkifdis, Lustgarten. Bacil- from mud (Bay
of Naples), aer.. facanaer.,
lus lacticus, Pasteur. See Bacillus acidi liqf, mot. Pathogenesis not determined.
iactici, Hueppe. Bacillus lactis aero- Bacillus lividus, Plagge and Proskauer.
genes, Escherich and Abelous. Syn., Found in hydrant water (Berlin), aer.,
Bacillus aerogenes. Bacillus capsulatus, facanaer., liqf., mot., chg. (brick-red), npg.
Smith. Bacterium lactis aerogenes, Escher- Bacillus lucens. Van Tieghem. Syn.,
ich. Found in the stomach and intestine of Bacterium lucens. Van Tieghem. Found
healthy adults, aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. on the surface of water, aer., nmot. Bril-
Bacillus lactis albus, Loffler. Found in liant. Bacillus luteus, Fliigge. Syn.,
milk aer., npg.
liqf., Bacillus
mot., Bacterium luteum. Found in superficial
lactis cyanogenus. See Bacillus cyano- layers of gelatin plate culture, aer., ttmot.,
genus, Hueppe. Bacillus lactis erythro- nliqf., chg. (yellow), npg. Bacillus luteus
genes, Hueppe and Baginsky. Syn., suis, Salmon and Smith. Found in the
Bacillus of red milk. Found in milk and perivisceral fluids of swine, aer., liqf, mot.
BACTERIA BACTERIA
chi^. (yellow red). Smells like glue. luscum contagiosum resembles somewhat ;
Bacillus lyssae, Pasteur. Syn., Coccobnc- Bacillus lepnc and Bacillus vuilariic. Pa-
terium lysstc, Rivolta. Lissophyton stispt'c- thosi;cnesis disputed, the disease ai-
being
tum, Ilallier. Cf. Bacterium scpticuin spitli- triinited by some to
i)st)rosperms. Bacillus
genitin, I'raenkel. Found in saliva of hydro- multipediculosus, Fliig^'e. Found in air
phobic patients and animals. Cf. Bacilltis and water, aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Ba-
septiciis sputigeiiits, Fliigge. Bacillus mai- cillus murisepticus, Fliigge. See Bacillus
dis, Cuboni. From macerated corn and tlie erysipclatos suis, Koch. Bacillus muri-
feces of pellagra jiatients. aer., UqJ'., inof., septicus pleomorphus, Karlinski. Found
npg. Bacillus malandrise, Israel. See in purulent uterine discharges, aer., faca-
Bacillus mallei, Lofller. Bacillus malariae, naer. , liqf, mot., pg. Probably identical with
Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli. Uacillus of the Proteus vulgaris, Hauser. Bacillus mus-
blood. Obtained from the soil and air of the coides Liborius, Fliigge. Found in soil, <jld
Campagna, from swamps, from the blood of cheese CO w -dung, etc an aer. tiliqf mot. ,
.
,
npg. , ,
malarial patients, etc. Pathogenesis disputed. Bacillus mycoides, Fliigge. Common in

Bacillus mallei, I.offler. Syn., Bacillus soil and water, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Ba-
}nalaiidricc, Israel. Found in the nasal dis- cillus mycoides roseus, Scholl. Found in
charges, nodules, etc. of animals with
, the soil, aer., liqf, chg. (red), npg. Ba-
mot. cillus neapolitanus, Emmerich.
glanders. aer., facanaer., (strictly Syn., Ba-
parasitic), pg. (proven by inoculation). cillus coli communis. Bacterium coli commune,
Bacillus martinez, Sternberg. Obtained Escherich, Bacterium neapolitanum. Colon
from the liver of a yellow fever cadaver. bacillus of Plscherich. Bacillusbf Booker, « to
nmoL, npg.
aer., facanaer., nliqf., Bacil- n. Anormal inhabitant of the intestine of
lus megatherium, De Bary. Found on man resembles the bacillus of typhoid fever,
;
the leaves of boiled cabbage. aer., liqf., dilfering from it in producing gas, coagulat-
mot., npg. Bacillus melittopthorus. ing milk, forming lactic acid in media con-
See Bacillus ah'ci, Cheshire and Cheyne. taining lactose or glucose, in producing indol,
Bacillus melochloros, Winkler and in being nonmotile, and in giving a visilile
Schrotter. Syn., Bacillus butyri Jluoresccns, growth on potato. It is the cause of certain
Lafar. Obtained from the dejections of the forms of suppuration in the peritoneum, liver,
larva in a wormy apple, aer., liqf., mot., pelvis of kidney, urethra, etc. aer., faca-
chg. (emerald green), pg. (for rabbits). naer, nliqf. nmot. pg.
, Bacillus necro-
,
Bacillus membranaceus amethystinus, phorus, Lofller. Obtained from rabbits after

Eisenberg. Found in well water (.Spalato). inoculation in the anterior chamber of the
aer., liqf, nmot., chg. (dark violet), npg. eye with portions of condyloma. aer. ,
Bacillus meningitidis purulentae, Nau- facanaer., nliqf., pleom., pg. Bacillus
mann and Schaffer. Obtained from pus nodosus parvus, Lustgarten. From the
taken from l)eneath the pia mater in a person healthy urethra of man. aer., facanaer.,
dead of purulent meningitis, aer. facanaer. , , nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus cedematis
nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus merismopce- aerobicus. A new jjacillus of malignant ede-
dioides, Zopf. Syn., Arthrobacterium or ma, Kltin. Found in the exudates of guinea
Bacterium merismopa'dioides, De Bary. pigs after inoculating with garden earth.
Obtained from sewage mud the type of the; aer., facanaer., nliqf. mot., pg. Bacillus ,
so-called "tablet-cocci." Bacillus me- cedematis maligni, Koch. Syn., Bacillus

sentericus fuscus, Fliigge. Potato bacil- adematis, Koch Bacillus septicus, Pasteur.
;
lus. Obtained from the air, hay dust, water, Bacillus of gangrene. Bacillus of gangrenous
etc. Common. aer., liqf, mot., npg. septicemia. Pink bacillus of spreading
Bacillus mesentericus ruber, Globig. edema, A. B. Harris. A widely scattered
Potato bacillus. Found upon potatoes, aer., species,obtained from soil, dust, surface
liqf., mot, chg. (reddish yellow

or pink), jnitrefying matter, foul water, etc., and fruni
npg. Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, the exudates juuduceil by inoculating animals
Fliigge. Syn., Bacillus Jigurans, Crook- with garden earth, anaer., liqf, mot., pg.
shank. Proteus vulgaris. Potato bacillus. Bacillus of Afanassiew. See Bacillus
Common. Found in potatoes, water, milk, Bacillus of Albuminous
tussisconvulsiviF.
intestinal contentsof man, etc. aer., liqf-, Decomposition, .êe Bacillus piitriftcus
npg. Bacillus miniaceus. See Bacillus coli. Bacillus of Allantiasis, Milller,
ruber. Bacillus minimus, Klebs. See Ba- Hoppe-Seyler. See also Sarcina botulina.
cillus erysipclatos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus Van den Corput. Cf. Bacillus of choleraic
diarrhea from Klein.
miriabilis, Hauser. Syn., Proteus mira- meat-poisoning,
bilis. Obtained from decaying animal mat- I'ound in poisonous sausages, particularly
ter, Bacil- in
" Blunzen." aer., liqf., pg. Bacillus
aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., pg.
lus moUusci, Domenico. Found in niol- of Alopecia areata, Kasauli. Found al
8
BACTERIA F.ACTERIA
tached to the hairs from the diseased patches ; uria, A\'ilson. Found in the coagulum of
easily cultivated. See Micrococcus of Alo- chylous urine, aer., facanaer. ,mot. Bacil-
pecia areata, and Bacterium decalz'uns. Ba- lus of Colomiatti. Obtained from cases of
cillus of Babes and Oprescu. Dlitaiiud conjunctivitis and xerotic masses in the eye.
from a case presenting symptoms of typhus aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Cf. Bacillus of
fever. aer., facaiiaer., nliqf., mot., pg. .xerosis epithelialis conjunctiva;, Leber. Ba-
Bacillus of Belfanti and Pascarola. cillus of Conjunctival Catarrh, Koch.
Syn., Impftetanusbacillus, Ger. Fiom tlie Bacillus of conjunctivitis. Bacillus of pink
pus of wounds in a person dead of teta- eye. Weeks, aer., nliqf. ,pg. Resembles
nus, aer., facaitaer., Jiliqf., ninot., pg. Bacillus .xerosis. Bacillus of Dantec.
Bacillus of Beri-beri, Eykmann. See Syn., Bacille du rouge de morue, P'r. Ob-
Bacillus beribericHs, Lacerda. Bacillus of tained from salted codfish to which it gives a
Blue Milk. See Bacillus cyanogenus, red color, aer., liqf, mot., chg. {r&6}\,npg.
Hueppe. Bacillus of Blue or Green Pus. Bacillus of Davaine's Septicemia. See
Set Bacillus pyocyaneus, Ciessard. Bacillus Bacillus scpticuiiiiic /uo/iorrhagicie. Stem-
of Booker, a to u. Pound in alvine dis- berg. Bacillus of Demme. C)btaincd
cliarges of children suffering from cholera from the contents of tumors and pustules and
infantum ;probably varieties of Bacillus from the blood of patients suffering from
Tieapclitaiius,Emmerich. Bacillus of Bo- erythema nodosum. aer., facanaer., (?)
vet. Obtained from the intestines of a nliqf, pg. (to guinea pigs rabbits, dogs, and
;
woman dead of acute choleraic enteritis. goats refractory). Bacillus of Diphtheria

aer., nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus of Braxy. in Calves. See Bacillus diphthcritc 7'i/u-
See Bacillus aut/iracis, Pollender and lorum, EofFlcr. Bacillus of Diphtheria in
Davaine. Bacillus of Bronchitis, Lum- Doves. See Bacillus diphthcrice cclum-
nitzer. Syn., Bacillus of Luninitzer. From barum, Loffler. Bacillus of Diphtheria in
the bronchial secretions in cases of putrid Man. See Bacillus diphthcriic, Klebs and
bronchitis, aer. mot.
,
Cf. Micrococcus of Loffler. Bacillus of Dbderlein. See
bronchitis, Picchini. Bacillus of Butyric Bacillus I'aginalis, Doderlein. Bacillus of
Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus butyr- Endocarditis. See Bacillus pyogenes fceti-
ictis, Prazmowski. Bacillus of Carcinoma, dus, Frankel and Saenger. Bacillus of
Rappin and Scheurlen and Domingo -Freire. Egyptian Catarrhal Conjunctivitis. See
See Bacillus of Scheurlen. Bacillus of Bacillus of Kartulis. Bacillus of Ery-
Canestrini. T'ound in larva: and bees suf- sipelas in the Rabbit, Koch. See Bacillus
fering from a malady common among bees in erysipelatos leporis, Koch. Bacillus of
certain parts of Italy, aer., liqf., mot., False Hog Cholera. See Bacillus pari'us
chg. (pink), pg. Bacillus of Canon and 07-atus, Loftier. Bacillus of False Tuber-
Pielicke. See Bacillus of measles. Bacil- culosis in Rabbits. See Bacillus of jjseudo-
lus of Cattle Plague, Metschnikoff. See tuberculosis in rabbits, Malassez and \'ignal.
Bacillus scpticiciniu: hcemorrhagicir, Stern- Bacillus of Fiocca. Found in the saliva of
berg. Bacillus of Cazal and Vaillard. cats and dogs. aer. facanaer. nliqf. ; nmot.
, , ,
Obtained from cheesy nodules upon the peri- pg. (for rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice).
toneum and in the pancreas, aer., facaitaer., Bacillus of Foot Sweat. See Bacillus
liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus of Chancroid, fatidus. Bacillus saprogcnes A'o. II. and
Ducrey. Found in pustules developed upon Bacillus graveolens. Bacillus of FolI
the arm from the inoculation of chancroidal Brood of Bees. See Bacillus alvei, Clie
virus; does not grow in artificial cultures. shire and Cheyne. Bacillus of Fowl
Cf. Mic7-ococcus tdceris mollis. Bacillus Cholera. See Bacillus septiccrtnia; hcrnu^r-
of Cheese. See Spirillum fyrogeuum, r/iagicce, Sternberg. Bacillus of Fried -
Denecke. Bacillus of Chicken Cholera. lander. See Bacillus pneutnonite fricd-
See Bacillus septicirmite Jnemorrhagicie, Stern- Idnderi. Bacillus of Fulles, III. Bacil-
berg. Bacillus of Cholera. See Spirillum lus of Gangrene. See Bacillus adematis
cholerce asiatica:, Koch. Bacillus of Chol- maligni, Koch, Bacillus saprogenes. III,
eraic Diarrhea from Meat Poisoning, Rosenbach, and Bacillus of senile gangrene.
Klein. Found in the blood and feces of Bacillus of Gangrenous Septicemia. See
persons poisoned with tainted meat. Cf. Bacillus adematis maligiti, Koch. Bacillus
Bacillus of allantiasis, Miiller and Hoppe- of Gessner. See Bacterium tholoideum,
Seyler. Bacillus of Cholera in Ducks, Gessner. Bacillus of Glanders. See
Cornil and Toupet. Obtained from the blood Bacillus mallei. Loftier. Bacillus of Green
of ducks that had died of an epidemic disease Diarrhea in Children, Lesnge. See Bacil-
characterized by choleraic symptoms, aer., lus of Lesage. Bacillus of Green Pus.
nliqf., nnuit., pg. (for ducks, but not for See Bacillus pyocvancus, Gessard. Bacil-
chickens or pigeons). Bacillus of Chyl- lus of Grouse Disease, Klein. Obtained
BACTERIA BACTERIA
from the lungs aiul liver of grouse that had Bacillus lepra-, Hansen. Bacillus of Les-
died of an epidemic disease, aer., nliqf., age. Bacillus of green diarrhea in child-
ntnot., pg. (for mice, guinea-pigs, linnets, ren Obtained in the green alvine dis-
green finches, sparrows chickens, pigeons,
;
charges of infants suffering from diar-
green
and rabbits immune). Bacillus of Hay rhea, aer., nliqf., mot., pg. According to
Infusions. See Bacillus .f///V///,v,Ehrenherg. Baumgarten identical with Bacillus Jluor-
Bacillus heminecrobiophilus, Arluing. csccns
nun-liquefaciens, Schiller. Bacillus
Obtained from the callous lymjihatic glands of Letzerich. Obtained from the urine of
of a guinea pig. aer. facanacr. nl/'i//. mot.
, , , , children suffering from nephritis interstilialis
pleoni. ,
/;,-•.
Bacillus of Hog Cholera, primaria. aer., liqf, p'g. Bacillus of
Salmon and Smith. See Bacillus ex pitcunto- Liborius. See Bacillus amylobactcr, I'raz-
enterifide suis, Klein. Bacillus of Hog mowski. Bacillus of Lichen Ruber, Laser.
Erysipelas. See Bacillus crysipclalos snis, Found in tlic
lymjih passages in cases of
Koch, etc. Bacillus of Horse Pox, Dieck- liclien ruber. Bacillus of Lucet. Ob-
erhoff and Grawitz. Syn. Bacillus of acne
, tained from chickens and turkeys suffering
contagiosa of horses. Obtained from the from an infectious form of septicemia char-
pustules of horses suffering from acne con- acterized by dysenteric discharges. aer.,
tagiosa, acr., nliqf., pg. Bacillus of ficatiaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus of
Hydrophobia. See Bacillus lyssic, I'astcur. Lumnitzer. See Bacillus of Brunchiiis.
Bacillus of Icterus, Karlinsky and Du- Bacillus of Lupus. See Bacillus tubercu-
camp. Found in the blood during an attack losis, Koch. Bacillus of Lustgarten. See
of infectious icterus. Did not thrive on Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Bacillus
ordinary culture media. Bacillus of Influ- of Lymph in Fishes, Oliver and Richet.
enza, Pfeiffer, Kitasato, and Canon. Influ- Observed in the lyni])h of certain fishes, aer.,
enza bacillus. Found in the purulent bron- mot., npg. Bacillus of Malaria. See
chial secretions and in the blood of persons Bacillus malariic, KIcbs and lOmmasi-
suffering from epidemic influenza. aer., Crudeli. Bacillus of Malignant Edema.
nmot. /,!,'•.
,
Cf. Micrococcus influcnzcF, Iêtz- See Bacillus irdematis nialigni, Koch. Ba-
erich. Bacillus of Intestinal Diphtheria cillus of Measles, Canon and Pielicke.
in Rabbits, Ribbert. Obtained from the Syn., Bacillus of Canon and Pielicke.
viscera of rabbits dead of a disease character- Found in the blood and in the secretions of
ized by a diphtheritic inflammation of the the nose and conjunctiva of persons with
intestinal mucous membrane, aer., iiliqf., measles. Cf Micrococcus of measles, Klebs
ntnot., (?) Bacillus of Jeffries. A
pg. and Keating. Bacillus of Mouse Sep-
group (A, G, J, K, P, S, Z,) of bacilli, ticemia, 'r^ce. Bacillus ervsipelatos suis, Pas-
resembling Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich, teur. Bacillus of Necrosis of the Liver
and- Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. in Badgers, Eberth. Found in the necrotic
Found in the alvine discharges of children liver of a badger. Bacillus of Necrosis
suffering from summer diarrhea. anaer. ,
of the Liver in Guinea Pigs, Eberth.
npg. Bacillus of Jequirity Ophthalmia, Found in the necrotic liver of a guinea-pig.
DeWecker and Saltier. Found in cases of Bacillus of Nephritis, Letzerich. See
jequirity ophthalmia and in infusions of Bacillus of Letzerich. Bacillus of Nocard.
jequirity seeds [.-Ibrus prccatorius), the sup- Found in the superficial abscesses of cattle
posed source of Abrin aer., liqf., mot., suffering from farcy, aer., nmot., pg. Ba-
npg. The disease is now held to be caused cillus of Okada. Obtained from the dust
by a soluble poison, jequiritin. Bacillus of between the boards of a floor, aer. facanaer. ,
,
Karlinski. See Bacillus muriscpticus pleo- nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus of Osteomy-
t/iorplius, Karlinski. Bacillus of Kartulis, elitis, Kraske and Becker. Found in cases
Koch and Kartulis. Obtained from the con- of osteomyelitis. aer., liqf. (or in some
junctiva in cases of Egyptian catarrhal con- forms «//(//), mot., pleom., pg. Held by
junctivitis, aer. Pathogenesis not well de- Pasteur as identical with the micrococcus
termined. Bacillus of Koubasoff. Ob- of furuncle. Bacillus of Phthisis. See
tained from carcinomatous growth in the Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Bacillus of
human stomach. aer., facanaer., nliqf., Pink Eye, Weeks. See Bacillus of Con-
mot., pg. (for guinea pigs and rabbits). Cf. junctival Catarrh, Koch. Bacillus of Po-
Bacillus of Scheuerlen. Bacillus of Lactic tato Rot, Kramer. Obtained from jxitatoes
Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus acidi affected with wet rot. aer., liqf., mot., npg.
Ilueppe.
lactici, Bacillus of Laser. Ob- Putrefies the albuminous substances of po-
tained from mice infected with an epidemic tatoes. Bacillus of Pseudotuberculosis
disease, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. in Rabbits, Eberth, Malassez, and \'ii^nal.
(for field-mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits and Syn., Bacille de la tul)erculose zoogleique,
Bacillus of Leprosy. See Bacille de la pseudo tuberculose du l.ipin,
pigeons).
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Fr.; Bacillus der Pseudo-tuberculose der ous discharge, aer., liqf., ninot., pg. Cf.
Kaninchen, Ger. Found in the nodular Bacillus adematis maligni, Koch and Bacil-
deposits characteristic of this disease. Ba- lus saprogcnes. III, Rosenbach. Bacillus
cillus of Puerperal Fever. See BcciUtis of Septicemia in Man, Klein. Bacillus
pmfpcralis, P]ngel and Sjiilhnann. Bacil- of Southern Cattle Plague, F. S. Bil-
lus of Purpura Haemorrhagica of Babes. lings. Syn., Bacillus of Texas fever in cat-
Obtained from the viscera of a [xitient dead tle. Pound in the blood, viscera, and man-
of purpura haemorrhagica. aer., facanaer., ure of cattle infected with cattle plague or
liqf., nniot., fs^. Resembles tlie next two Te.xas fever, and in their discharges also 'n
•
forms. Bacillus of Purpura Haemor- the ticks [Boophilus boi'is, Curtice) infecting
rhagica of Kolb. Ol tained from the vis- the cattle. The spread of the disease is
cera of patients dead of pur]nira. ncr., largely due to the manure of the cattle and
facanaer.^ nliqf., ni/iof., fg. Bacillus of also indirectly to the ticks, aer, uliqf, mot.,
Purpura Haemorrhagica of Tizzoni and pleom,pg. Smith and Kilborn now attribute
Giovannini. Obtained from tlie blood of this disease to the psorospemi Pyrosoma hige-
two children dead of purpura hemorrhagica. minuin. Bacillus of Spontaneous Rab-
aer., facanaer. iiliqf., n»iot. fg.
, Bacillus
,
bit Septicemia, Eherth. See Bacillus of
of Pyemia, Beltzow. Two forms found jTi'/wf-
//(/;> //t', Marseilles. Bacillus of Symp-
in pyemia, one of which resembles Bacillus tomatic Anthrax. See Bacillus chauT'ici,
a-de»iatis maligni, Koch. Bacillus of Bollinger and Feser. Bacillus of Swine
Rabbit Septicemia. See Bacillus sc/i- Pest, Selander. See Bacillus e.v pucumo-
tictcmitc luoiiorrhagiciC, Sternberg. Bacil- eiitcritidd suis, Klein. Bacillus of Swine
lus of Rabies. See Bacillus Ivssu-, Pasteur. Plague, Marseilles, Reitsch, and Jobert.
Bacillus of Rag-pickers' Disease. See Syn., Bacillus suis, Detmcrs. Bacillus of
Bacillus hoviittis caps u la (us, Bordoni- spontaneous rabbit septicemia; Bacillus of
UftVeduzzi. Bacillus of Red Bread. See swine plague, Detmers and Billings Bacil-;
Bacillus prodigiosus, Elirenberg. Bacillus lus of feiTet disease. First obtained from
of Red Milk. See Bacillus lac lis ery- swine attacked by a fatal epidemic disease
throgenes, Hueppe and Bacillus prodigio-
;
in Marseilles, aer., filiqf, mot. pg. Caneva
sus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus of Rheumatism. and others identify this with the Bacillus
See Bacillus rhcuiuarl/irilidis, Kussmaul. of ferret disease and with that of American
Bacillus of Rhinoscleroma. See Bacillus swine plague also with the Bacillus of
;
r/iiuosclcrowalis, Cornil and Alvarez. Bacil- Southern cattle plague, Billings but this lat-
;
lus of Roth, 1, 11. Obtained from old rags. ter seems to be a distinct species. See Ba-
aer., facanaer., nliqf.,nniot.,pg. Resem- cillus tardigradus. Bacillus of Syphilis.
bles Bacillus ncapolitanus, Emmerich and ;
See Bacillus sypliilidis, Lustgarten. Ba-
Bacillus cavicidus. Burger. Bacillus of cillus of Tetanus. See Bacillus teiani,
Rouget. See Bacillus crysipclutos suis, Nicolaier. Bacillus of Texas Cattle
Koch, etc. Bacillus of Scarlet Fever, Fever, F. S. Billings. See Bacillus of
Crooke. Found in the nasal mucus and tis- .Southern Cattle Plague. Bacillus of the
sues of the throat in a case of anginose scar- Blood. Bacillus of the Lungs of Cattle,
let fever, mol. Resembles Bacillus oedcnia- Liistig. Found in the lungs of healthy and
tis iiuiligni, Koch, and the /";<'/«/.? of Hau- diseased cattle, aer., liqf. Bacillus of the
ser. According to Drehle the parasite of this Meconium, Escherich. Found in the me-
disease is a protozoon, Cf. J/icrococcus rcniuin. Bacillus of the Pneumoenter-
scarlafimr. Bacillus of Scheuerlen, Scheu- itis of the Pig. See Juicillu^ ex pneumo-
erlen, Rapin, and Domingo Freire. Syn., enterilidc suis, Klein. Bacillus of the
Bacillus epiderniidis, Bordoni Uffreduzzi. Smegma. Found in the smegma of
P"rom cancerous tissues and from mammary the male and female genitals. Bacillus of
epithelium of healthy persons. According to Tommasoli. Found on the hair in a
Mace possibly identical with a variety of Ba- case of sycosis. Bacillus of Tricomi.
cillus iiicsente7-icus vulgafus, Fliigge. aer.^ See Bacillus of senile gangrene. Bacillus
liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus of Schimmel- of Tuberculosis of Vines. Regarded by
busch. Obtained from the necrotic tissues Corvo as the cause of the diseased condition
of a case of cancrum oris or noma, aer., of vines usually attributed to Phylloxera vas-
nliqf.,pg. Bacillus of Schou. See Bacil- tatrix, Planchon. Bacillus of Ulcerative
lus piuiononictis agilis, Schou. Bacillus of Stomatitis of Cattle, Lingard and Batt.
Senile Gangrene, Tricomi. llacillus of Found on the skin, the mucous membranes,
gangrene, liacillus of Tricomi. Found in the and in the lungs of young cattle. Cf. Strep-
blood, in the tissues along the line of demar- tocytus of eczema episootica, .'^chottelius. Ba-
cation, in the subcutaneous tissue and the cillus of Ulcus Molle, Krofting. Iden-
lymph-spaces of the skin, and in the ichor- tical with that described by Ducrey as the
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Bacillus of Chancroid. Bacillus of Ut- Bacillus phosphorescens, Fischer. Bacillus
padel, Utpadel and Gessner. Obtained from phosphorescens indigenus, listlii.r.
the stuffing of the bed quilts in a military hos- i'ound in sea water (hari)or of Kiel) and
pital (AugsburLf),
and from the intestinal ujion herring, aer., li<//., mot., phos., np-.;.
conterits of man. Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn.
tu-r., ii/iqf., mot., pg. Syn., Mi-
Bacillus of Vagus Pneumonia. See Ba- crococcus phosphureus, Cohn ; Bacterium
cillus pneunionicHs agilis. Schou. Bacillus phosphorescens, Hermes ; Bacillus phosphores-
of Verruga Peruana, Izquierdo. Found cens gelidus, Forster. Found on sea fish,
in the intercellular spaces and blood-vessels raw and cooked (cooked salmon, Cohn). aer. ,
in the nodules characteristic of Peruvian wart. nliqf. Bacillus plicatus,

phos., npg.
,
Bacillus of Vignal. See Bacillus bitccalis Zimmerman. Found in liydrant water

iiiiniilus, Vignal. Bacillus of Whooping (Chemnitz), aer, liqf nmot., chg. (grayish ,
Cough. See Bacillus lussis co)ivulsi7'(C^ yellow) npg. Bacillus pneumoniae,

Afanassiew. Bacillus of Xerosis Epithe- Iliigge. See Bacillus pneumoni.c friedlanJ-
lialis Conjunctivae, Leber, Kuschbert, eri. Bacillus pneumonia: friedlanderi.
Frank el, and Neisser. Syn., Bacillus xerosis, Syn., Bacillus pneumoiiie, ¥\\.\^^q; Diplococ-
Frankel Bacillus
;
of Colomiatti, Bacillus of cus pneuvioniic fibrinosce, Friedlander; Micro-
xerosis, Schreiber. Found in the white, fatty coccus pneumoni(C infectiosu-, Friedlander.
scales of the conjunctiva; in cases of xeroph- Occasionally obtained from the exudates in
thalmia, nmot. Does not grow on gelatin or the pulmonary alveoli in cases of crou|>)Us
potato. Pathogenesis not fully determined. pneumonia, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot.,
Bacillus of Yellow Fever. Found in the pg. Bacillus pneumonicus agilis, Schou.
mucous memlnane of the small intestine in Syn., liacillus of Schou; Bacillus of N'agus
two cases of yellow fever. Sternberg has pneumonia. Obtained from rabbits suffering
found many forms
the intestinal contents
in from pneumonia induced by section of the
and viscera of yellow fever cadavers, the most vagi. aer. liq p., mot. pg.
,
Bacillus pneu-
,
frerjucnt and abundant being the Bacillus mosepticus. Babes. Obtained from the
neaholita)ius, Emmerich Bacillus cadavcrus,
;
l)lood and tissues of a person dead of septic
Sterni)erg and Bacillus X, Sternberg.
;
The pneumonia. aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot.,
last held by Sternberg as being possibly
is pg. Bacillus polymyxa, Prazmowski.
concerned in the etiology of yellow fever. Syn., Claustridium poly my.xa, Prazmowski.
Bacillus of Yellow Milk. See Bacillus Found in infusion of potatoes, lupin seeds,
svuxau/lius, Fhrenberg and Schroter. Ba- etc. aer., facanaer., npg. Bacillus
cillus ovatus minutissimus, Uiina. Pound polypiformis, Liborius. Found in cow
ujion the skin in cases of eczema seborrlKe- dung and in the exudates of mice
icum. aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Bacil- inoculated with garden earth. anaer.,
lus oxytocus perniciosus, Wyssokowitsch. nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus preussii, Ciesi-
Found in milk left standing a long time. elski. See Bacillus ahei, Cheshire and
aer., nliqf., pg. Bacillus panificans, Cheyne. Bacillus prodigiosus, l-lhren-
Laurent. Claimed as the active agent in l)erg. Syn., Bactcridium prodigiosuni,
the raising of bread. Found especially in Schroter Bacterium prodigiosum. Micrococ-
;
black bread. Dunnenberger considers it a cus prodigiosus, Cohn ; Micrococcus imetro-

mere impurity and not concerned in the leav- phus, Trevisan Monas prodigiosa, Ehren-
;
ening processes. Bacillus parvus ovatus, berg Falmella prodigiosa, Mont; Zoogalac-
;
LfStfler. Bacillus of false hog cholera. Found tina imetropa, Settc. Frequently found upon
in the carcass of a pig dead of a disease re- food-stuffs, boiled potatoes, hard-l)oilrd eggs,
sembling rouget. It resembles Bacillus sepli- moist bread, etc. aer., facanaer. liqf mot., ,
.
camiie hemorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus chg. (red), npg. Acts as a protective to rab-
pasteurianus, Hansen. Syn., Bacterium bits against anthrax. Bacillus pseudce-
pustcurianum, Micrococctts pastcu>'ianus. dema, Liborius. Syn., Bacillus pseudosep-
F'ound in l)eer-wort and beer, especially that ticus. Mace; Pseudo-adembacillus, Ger.
poor in alcohol. Resembles Bacillus accti, Obtained from the exudates of mice, after in-
Kiitzing and Sommer. Bacillus pestifer, oculation with garden earth, anaer., liqf,
Frankland. Found in the air. aer., liijf., pg. Resembles Bacillus a-demalis maligni,
mot. ,)ipg. Bacillus phosphorescens, Koch. Bacillus pseudopneumonicus,
I'"ischer. Syn., Bacillus phosphorescens Passet. Syn., Bacterium pseudopneunioui-
indicus, Fischer; Photîbacterium indicum, cum. Found in pus. aer., nliqf, nmot.,
Fischer. Found in sea water (Gulf of pg. Reseml)les .Micrococcus pneumoni.r croup-
Mexico), aer. liqf. mot., phos., npg.
, ,
Ba- os,r, P'rankel. Bacillus pseudosepticus.
cillus phosphorescens gelidus, Forster. Mace. See Bacillus pseudoilema, Libi>riiis.
See Bacillus pliosphoreiis, (John. Bacillus Bacillus pseudosepticus of Mice, Bien-
phosphorescens indicus, Fischer. See stock. Syn., Bacillus of pseudosepticcmia of
BACTERIA BACTERIA
mice. Found in feces, aer., nliqf., nmot., friedlamleri. It is less virulent, gelatin cul-
fg. Found after inoculation, mostly in the tures more transparent, and the capsules more
edematous fluid and not in the blood. Ba- persistent. Bacillus rosaceum metal-
cillus pseudotuberculosis, Pfeiffer. Ob- loides, Dowdeswell. Bacillus rubefaciens,
tained from the viscera of a horse killed on Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water
suspicion of having glanders, aer., nlu]/., (Chemnitz), aer., filiqf, ?not., c/ig. (pale
nmot., pg. Bacillus puerperalis, Engel pink), npg. Bacillus rubellus, Okada.
and Spillmann. Leptothrix of puerperal Found in the exudates of guinea-pigs after
fever Bacillus of puerperal fever.
;
Found inoculation with street dust, anaer. liqf. ,
in two cases of puerperal sepsis, pg. (for mot., ehg. npg.

(red), Bacillus ruber
mice and rabbits) Considered by Pasteur to
.
Frank, Cohn, and Becker. Syn. Bacillu ,
be identical with Bacilhts attthmcis. Bacil- fniniaceus, Zimmermann. Bacillus (or Bac
lus pulpse pyogenes, Miller. Obtained teritrm) 7-osaceutftmetalloides, Dowdeswell.
from gangrenous tooth-pulp. aer. facanaer.
, ,
The red bacillus of \vater. Found in water
liqf., pg. Bacillus punctatus, Zimmer- and on boiled rice, aer., liqf, mot., ehg.
mann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz). (magenta red), npg. Bacillus ruber indicus.
aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus putrificus coli, See Bacillus indicus,YôQ\\. Bacillus rubes-
Bienstock. Found in human feces, aer., cens, Jordan. Found in sewage (Lawrence,
faeanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus pyo-. Mass.). aer., nliqf, mot., ehg. (pale pink),
cyaneus a, Gessard. Syn., Baei/lus aenigi- npg. Bacillus rubidus, Eisenberg. Found
nosis, Baeterium aeniginosum, Schroter ;
in water, aer., liqf., mot., ehg. (brownish
Alierococeus pyoeyaneiis, Gessard. Bacillus red), npg. (Lustig describes a red bacillus
of blue or green pus. A
widely distributed from river water which he claims to be dif-
form, found in purulent and serous wounds, ferent from this). Bacillus salivarius sep-
in perspiration, and in the viscera of human ticus, Biondi. vSee Bacillus septicus sputi-
cadavers, aer., faeanaer., liqf., 7not., dig., genus, Fliigge.Bacillus sanguinis typhi,
pg. Two pigments, one fluorescent green, Brannan and Cheesman. Oltained from the
the other blue, pyocyanin. Bacillus pyo- blood of tyi^hus-fever patients, aer. faeanaer.,
,
cyaneus /?, Ernst. Found in pus from ban- nmot. Bacillus saprogenes, I, II, III,
dages stained green, aer., liqf., mot., ehg. Rosenbach. Found in putrefying matter on
(yellowish green), npg. Bacillus pyo- fetid feet, the white plugs of the pharyngeal
genes fcetidus, Passet. Syn., bacille pyo- follicles, etc.aer. faeanaer., pg.
,
Bacillus
geite felide, Fr. Obtained from an ischio- scaber, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothri.x scaber.
rectal abscess, aer., nliqf., ?)iot., pg. Ba- P'ound in cheese, aer., nliqf., mot., (in early
cillus pyogenes soli, Bolton. Obtained stages becoming non-motile), npg. Bacillus
from the exudates of a rat after inoculation schafferi, Freudenreich. Obtained from
with garden earth, aer., faeanaer., nliqf., cheese and fermenting potato infusion, aer.,
nmot., npg. Bacillus radiatus, Liideritz. faeanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Closely resem-
Obtained from the exudates of mice and bles Bacillus ncapolitanus, Emmerich. Bac-
guinea-pigs after inoculation with garden illus scissus, Frankland. Pôund in the
earth, atiaer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus soil, aer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus sep-
radiatus aquatilis, Zimmermann. Found ticaemiae haemorrhagicae, Sternberg. Bac-
in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf, illus choleric galli)iarum, I'liigge. Bacillus
mot., npg. Bacillus ramosus, Eisenberg. cuniculicida, Fliigge. Bacillus cuniculici-
Syn., JViirzelbacillus. Common in soil and dus, Koch. Bacterium septictrniiic, Koch.
water, aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus ramo- Bacterium morbilli, Lanzi. Coecobacteria
sus liquefaciens. Olitained from the air. septica, Billroth. Micrococcus septictts, Cohn.
aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus reticularis, Micrococcus cholerir gallinarum, Micrococcus
Jordan. Found in hydrant water (Lawrence, gallicidus, 3/icrosporon sefticus, Klebs. Bac-
Mass.). aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus illus septicus, Koch. See Bacillus cry-
rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. Syn., Ba- sipelatos suis, Koch. Bacillus
septicus.
cillus rheiimarthritis, Microeocens rheiimar- Pasteur. See adematis maligni,
Bacillus
thiitis, Leyden. Found in the joint effu- Koch. Bacillus sep-
Cf. Proteus septicus.
sions in articular rheumatism. Bacillus ticus acuminatus, Babes. Obtained from
rhinoscleromatis, Cornil and Alvarez, the umbilical stump, blood and viscera of a
Von Frisch, Paltauf, Von Eiselsberg, Dit- five days old child, dead of septic infection.
Stepanow, etc.
trich, Found in the newly- aer., no growth on gelatin, /<,'. (for rabbits
formed tubercles of rhinoscleroma. aer., and guinea-pigs, not for mice). Bacillus
faeanaer., nliqf., usually ninot. (becomes septicus agrigenus, Nicolaier. Obtained
motile on cultivation), pg. Etiologic rela- from manured garden soil, aer., nliqf. (?)
tions not established. Considered liy many Resembles Bacillus septicicmiir hirinorrha-
as identical with Bacillus pneumonice gicce, Sternberg. Bacillus septicus from
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Sputum. See Bacillus septiciis spitli, I, II, npg. Bacillus striatus flavus, Von Besser.
Kreiljohni. Bacillus septicus keratomal-
Occasionally found in nasal mucus, aer.,
acise, lUiljcs. ()l)tainc(l from the corneal
nliqf, chg. (sulphur yellow), ///.'. Bacillus
tissues and viscera of a child tliat died of subflavus, Ziinmermann. Found in hydrant
seplicemia following keratoinalacia. aer., water (Chemnitz), aer.
nliqf, mot., c/n:. ,
facanaer., pg. (for rabbits and mice,

tiliqf., (pale yellow), npg. Bacillus subtilis,
slightly for l)irds, not for guinea-pigs). Bac- Ehrenberg, Cohn, Brefeld, Prazmowski, and
illus septicus sputi, I, II, Kreibohra. Ob- Fitz. Syn. Bacillus glycerime, litz Bacillus
;
tained from human buccal secretions. Does Bacterium

fitzianus, Zopf ;
subtile, Zojif;
not grow in any known culture-medium. Metallactcr subtile, Pertz Vibrio subtilis, ;
Resembles Bacillus scpticcSDtiiC hioitorrha- Ehrenberg. DeBary confines B. subtilis to

Bacillus septicus sputi- the form described
gicir, Sternberg. by Brefeld and Prazmow-
genus, Flugge. Syn., Bacterium septicum ski. The relation of the starch fermcntati(jn
spiitigenum, Frankel. Micrococctts pncii- species of Fitz remains doubtful. A com-
moni(e croiiposie, Frankel. Micrococcus mon form found in the air, water, soil,
pas.'cieri, Sternberg. Diplococcus pncuinouicE, and on plants, aer., liqf.,oscl., npg. Bac-
Weichselbaum. lanceolalus illus subtiliformis, Bienstock.
Streptococcus Syn., Ba-
pasteuri, Gamaleia. Micrococcus of sputum cillus subtilis
siinulans, I, II, Bienstock.
septicemia, Frankel. Lancet-shaped micro- Bacillus similis, Bienstock. P'ound in hu-
coccus, Talanion. Pneumococcus of Frank- •man feces, act nliqf, nmot., npg.
., Bac-
el. Found both in healthy
pneu- and in illus suis, Detmers. See Bacillus tanli-
monic sputum, in the fibrinous exudate of gradus. Bacillus sulfhydrogenus, Mi-
croupous pneumonia, and in the pus of quel. Found in water, aer., mot. Decom-
meningitis, in middle-ear disease, in certain poses albumin with evolution of II.,S. Bac-
forms of pleurisy, joint-disease, and endo- illus sulfureum, Holschewnikoff and Rosen-
carditis, aei., facanaer., nmot., tiliqf., pg. heim. Two forms found in urine and in
Held to be the cause of croupous pneumonia mud. Bacillus superficialis, Jt)rdan.
in man, and by some to be identical with Common in .sewage, aer., liqf, mot. ,.tipg.
Bacillus lyssae, Pasteur. Bacillus septicus Bacillus, synxanthus, Ehrenberg. and
ulceris gangraenosi, Babes. Found in the Schroter. Syn., Bacillus xanthogenus, Fuchs
blood and viscera of a boy dead of septicemia and Ehrenberg. Bacterium xauthinum,
following gangrene of the skin. aer. lii/J., , vSchroter. Vibrio Ehrenberg.
syn.xanthus,
mot., pg. Bacillus septicus vesicae, Clado. Vibrio xanthogenus, Fuchs. Bacillus of
F'ound in the urine of a patient with cystitis. yellow milk. Found in milk that has been
aer., facanaer., nliq f. ,
mot. , pg. Bacillus boiled, aer., mot., chg. (golden yellow), npg.
sessilis, L. Klein. Found in the blood of Precipitates the casein ; renders the milk
a cow supposed to have died of anthrax, aer., alkaline. Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten.
mot. (convulsive jerking), npg. Bacillus Syn., Bacillus syphilis, Lustgarten. Bacillus
similis, Bienstock. See Bacillus sul>tilis of Lustgarten. Found in syphilitic new
simtilans, I, II, Bienstock. Bacillus smar- growths and secretions does not develop
;
agdinus fcetidus, Reimann. Found in the in ordinary culture media. In staining,

nasal secretions in a case of ozena, aer. , reaction seems to be identical with that
facanaer. , liqf., pg.Bacillus smaragdino- of the Bacillus of the Smegma. Doehle
phosphorescens, Katz. Obtained from a describes parasitic infusoria as the causa-
herring in fish market (Sidney, N. S. W.). tive agents of syphilis. Bacillus tardi-
aer., nliq p., nniot., phos. (emerald green) npg. gradus. Syn., Bacillus suis, Detmers.
Resembles Photobacterium phosphorescens, Alicrococcus sitis, Burrill. Found in dew
Cohn, and Photobacterium pfi'igeri, Ludwig. water, and in the fluids of pigs alTected with
Bacillus solidus, Liideritz. Found in the swine ]>lague. aer., mot., nf'g. Cf. Bacillus
exudates of mice inoculated with garden of S7c'ine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch and
earth, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus Jobert. Bacillus tenuis, Duclaux. .Syn.,
spiniferus, Unna. P'ound upon the skin Tyrothrix tenuis, Duclaux. Found in de-
in cases of eczema seborrhceicum. aer.., composing albuminoid matter, cheese, etc.
nliqf., chg. (grayish yellow), Bacillus ;//^:,'-.
aer., facanaer., (?) mot., npg. Used in
sputigenus crassus. See Bacillus crassus French cheeses.

ri]:)ening certain
Bacillus
sputigenus, Kreibohm. Bacillus stolonatus, tenuis sputigenus, Pansini. Obtained Irom
Adametz. Found in water, aer., nliqf., mot., sputum, aer., nliq f., nmot., pg. Bacillus
npg. Bacillus stoloniferus, Pohl. Found termo, Dujardin and I'.hrenberg. See />'.;.-
in swamp water, aer. liqf. , , mot. Pathogene- terium termo, Cohn. Bacillus tetani, Nico-
sis nut determined. Bacillus striatus laier. Syn., Bacillus tetani traumatic!,
albus. Von Besser. Found in the na,sal Rosenliach. Bacillus of tetanus. Found in
secretions of healthy persons, aer., nltqf.. garden earth and in the wounds of persons
BACTERIA BACTERIA
from tetanus. Spores form at one
S,uffering
Three varieties found in old urine, aer.,
end and give bacillus a drum-stick appear- nliqf, npg.. Converts urea into ammonium
ance, aiiat-r., liqf., mof., pg. Bacillus carbonate. Bacillus urocephalus, Duclaux.
tetani traumatici. See the preceding. Syn., Tyrothrix urocephalus, Duclaux. One
Bacillus thalassophilus, Russel. Obtained of the commonest foi'ms associated with putre-
from mud (Bay of Naples), anaer., liqf., faction of animal matter, aer., facanaer.,
mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus npg. Bacillus vasculosis, Sternberg. Ob-
thermophilus, Miquel. Found in the in- tained from the intestine and stomacii of
testinal tract of man and animals, in sewage, yellow-fever ca<lavers. aer., liqf, mot., npg.
and in the soil, acr., nmot. iipg. ,
Bacillus Bacillus vaginalis, Doderlein. Constantly
tremelloides, Schottelius. Found in hy- found in the normal vaginal secretions of
drant water (Freiburg), acr., liqf., dig. adults, aer., facanaer., nmot., (no
growth
(golden yellow), npg. Bacillus tremulus, in gelatin), npg. Bacillus varicosus con-
Koch. Syn. Metallactcr trcmuhis, Trevisan.
, junctivae, Gombert. Found in the healthy
Found as a surface pellicle on decomposing conjunctival sac of man. aer., facanaer.,
plant infusions. Reseniljles Bacillus siibfilis, nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus venenosus,
Ehrenberg. Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer.,
Syn., Bacterium tuberculosis, Zopf; Bacte- nliqf.,mot., pg. Bacillus venenosus bre-
rium tuberculosuni. Bacillus tuherculi Bac- , vis, Vaughan. Found in water, aer.,
illus tuberculosus. I'ound in the sputum, in facanaer., nliqf, ?nof.,pg. Bacillus vene-
tuberculous organs, and elsewhere in persons nosus invisibilis, Vaughan. Found in
and animals afilected with tuberculosis. Para- water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg.
sitic, aer., facauacr., )iiiiof., pg. Bacillus Bacillus venenosus liquefaciens,
tuberculosis gallinarum, Maifucci. Ob- Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer.,
tained from cases of spontaneous tuberculosis liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus ventriculi, Rac-
in fowls. This seems to Ije a distinct species, zynssky. Obtained from the stomach of
characterized by its staining reactions, etc., meat-fed dogs. aer.. ficatiaer., ttliq f., mot.,
its growth in pure cultures, and
its
patho- npg. Bacillus vermicularis, Frankland.
genic^ qualities, Koch. Bacillus tumes- P'ound in river water, aer. liq f, oscl.-, npg.
,
cens, Zopf Syn., Bacterium tumescens, Bacillus vermiculosus, Zimmermann.

Zopf. Found upon beets, aer.., liqf., mot., Found in water,aer., liq f., oscl., npg. Bac-
npg. Bacillus turgidus, Duclaux. Syn., illus violaceus, Becker. Found in river
Tvrothrix turgidus, Duclaux. Found in water, aer., facanaer ., liq f, mot., dig. (dark
cheese, aer. Produces alkaline reaction (car- violet). Bacillus violaceus laurentius,
bonate and butyrate of ammonium) in milk. Jordan. Found in hydrant water (Lawrence,
Bacillus tussis convulsivae, Afanassiew. Mass.). aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., npg.
Syn., Bacillus of Afinassiciv. Found in Bacillus virens, Van Tieghem. Syn., Spor-
the sputum of persons affected with pertussis. onema gracile. Found in stagnant water, aer.,
aer., uliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus typhi mot., chg. (green, held by some to be chloro-
abdominalis, Eberth, Gaffky, Klebs, Ep- phyll, but not slifficiently studied), npg.
pinger, Brautlecht. Syn., Bacillus typhosus. Bacillus virescens, Frick. P'ound in green
Bacterium typhosum. Foimd in water and sputum. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (gêen),
in milk, and in the feces and organs in ty]ihoid npg. Bacillus virgula, Duclaux. Syn.,
fever, aer. facanaer. uliqf. mot. Bacillus
, , , Tyrothri.x I'irgula, L)uclaux. Found in*
typhi murium, Lolller. Obtained from alliuminous solutions. aer., nmot., npg.
mice affected with an epidemic disease, aer., Bacillus virgula. See Spirillum cholera
facanaer., nliqf., mot. Bacillus typhosus. asiaticcv, Koch. Bacillus viridis, \'an
See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth, etc. Tieghem. Syn., Bacterium viride, \'an
Bacillus ubiquitus, Jordan. Found in air, Tieghem, Arthrohacterium 7'iride, De Bary.
water, sewage
(Lawrence, Mass.). aer., Found in water collected in the hollow of a
facanaer., nliqf, nmof., npg. Resembles polyporous fungus. aer., chg. (green).
Bacillus candicans, Frankland. Bacillus Not thoroughly investigated. Bacillus
ulna, Cohn, and Prazmowski. Syn., Vilirio viridis flavus, Frick. Syn., Bacillus
b, Ehrenberg. Bacterium ulna, Miller. viridis pallescens, Frick. aer., nliqf, mot.,
Vibrio bacillus, Miiller, Ehrenberg. I'ound chg. (yellowish-green), npg. Resembles
in egg albumin, aer., mot., npg. Bacillus Bacillus z'irescens, Frick. Bacillus viridis
ulna of Vignal. Found in saliva of healthy pallescens, Frick. See Bacillus viridis
persons ;perhaps identical with the preced- flarus, Frick. Bacillus viscosus, Frank-
ing form, aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus urese, land. Found in river water, aer., liqf.,
Miquel. Found in the air. aer., facanaer., 7not., chg. (fluorescent green). Per-
nliqf, npg. Perhaps identical with the pre- haps identical with Bacillus fluorescens,
ceding form. Bacillus ureae, Leube. Fliigge. Bacillus viscosus, I, II, Van
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Laer. Found in ropy milk, arr., nliqf.y in contact with air. Coze and Feltz found
npg. Bacillus viscosus cerevisiae, \ an it intyphoid fever in man. It reseniblci
Laer. Found in viscous beer and in milk. Bacillus aciJi lactici, Davaine,
lluep|)e.
aer., liqf-, npg. Bacillus viscosus sac- Bacterium caucasicum. See Bacillui
chari, Kramer. Found in viscous saccharine caucasicus, Kern. Bacterium chlorinum,
fluids, aer., liijf., ngp. Bacillus vul- Engelmann. Found in water, aer., chg.
garis, Hauser Syn., Proteus
; vulgaris. (green). Engelmann holds this to be chlo-
Proteus siilfureus, Ilolschenikoff. Proteus rophyll, as a small amount of oxygen is given
of Hauser. Commonly associated with putre- oft",indicating the assimilation of carbon.
faction, aer., faeanaer., liqf., mot., fg, Bacterium coli commune, Eschcricii. See
Ihis species is probahly one of those form- Bacillus neapolitanus. Bacterium com-
erly under Bacterium
included leri/io. mune, Pasteur. See Bacterium ter>/io,
Bacillus X, Sternberg. Found in yellow- Dujardin. Bacterium cuneatum, Rivolta.
fever cadavers. Sternberg thinks it possible See Bacillus cuneatus. Bacterium cyano-
that this form is concerned in the etiology of genum, I-'uclis. See Bacillus cyanogenus,
the fever, pg. (for rabbits). Bacillus xan- Hueppe. Bacterium denitrificans. See
thogenus, Fuchs and
Ehrenberg. See Bacillus denitrificans. Bacterium dysodes,
Bacillus syiixaut/ius, Ehrenberg. Bacillus Zopf. 'Sê. Bacillus
dysodes. Bacterium en-
xerosis, Frankel. Syn. Xerose bacillus. chelys, Ehrenberg.Found in river water.
See Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunc- Bacterium farinaceum, Wigand. Found
tivae, Leber. Bacillus zenkeri, Hauser. in s(jurs|)onge or
dough. Bacterium fitzia-
Syn. Proteus zenkeri.
,
Bacille de Hauser, num, Zopf. '>&& Bacillus sul'tilis, Ehrenberg.
Fr. Found in putrefying animal matter. Bacterium fcetidum. Thin. See Bacillus
aer., faeanaer. uliqf. mot., pg.
,
Bacillus
, faiidus, Passet. Bacterium fusiforme.
zopfii. Syn., Bacterium zopjii, Kurth. Warming. l-"ound in sea water. Bac-
Arihrohacterium zopfii, De Bary. Found in terium gingivae pyogenes, Miller. See
the intestinal tract of fowls, aer., nliqf., Bacillus gingiTte pyogenes. Bacterium
mot. npg.
,
Bacillus zurnianum. List. gliscrogenum, Malerba. Syn. Bacillus
Found in water, aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. gliscrogenus. I'ound in viscitl acid urine.
Bacteridium prodigiosum, Schroter. See aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacterium gris-
Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bac- eum. Warning. Syn. Alicrococcus griscus.
terium aceti, Lanzi. See Bacillus aceli, Winter, a doubtful form. Bacterium
Kiitzing. Bacterium aerogenes, Miller. gummis, Commes. The cause of the guin-
See Bacillus aerogenes, II, Miller. Bac- mous disease of tlie fig, almond, and orange
terium aeruginosum, Schroter. See Bacil- trees, and the
mal nero of vines. CT. Bac-
lus pyoeyaneus a, Gessard. Bacterium allii. terium putredinis, Davaine. Bacterium
See Bacillus allii, Griffiths. Bacterium gummosum, Kitsert. Found to produce
anthracis, Zopf. See Bacillus anthracis, the viscosity of infusions of digitalis, aer.,
Pollender and Uavaine. Bacterium arti- liqf, pleom. Bacterium hessii, Cuillebeau.
culatum, Ehrenberg. 't^qq Bacterium lineola, One of the two forms found by (lillebeau to
Cohn. Bacterium aurantiacum, Tre- cause milk to become ropy. Thrives best in
lease a chromogenic form.
;
Bacterium pasteurized milk, aer., liqf., mot., npg. Cf
bacillus, Pasteur. See Bacterium ternio, Micrococctis freiulenreieliii. Bacterium
Davaine. Bacterium brunneum, Schroter. hyacinthi, Wakker. Found in the bulbs
Found a putrid infusion of Indian corn,
in and leaves of the hyacinth and causing the
Perhaps identical with Bacil- "yellows" of hyacinths. Cf. Bacillus
r chg. (brown).
lus fuscus, Zimmerman. Bacterium butyri Jivacinlhi sefticus, Heinz. Bacterium
colloideum, Lafar. Found in every sample janthinum, Z<i|if. See Bacillus janthinus,
of natural butter examined. Cf. Bacillus Zopf. Bacterium kochii, Hansen. Found
biityri fliiorescens, Lafar. Bacterium can- in the air of Carlslierg. Cf. Bacterium
didum, Trelease. A
chromogenous form, carlsbergense, Hansen. Bacterium lactis.
identical with Bacillus mesentcricus fuscus, Lister. See Bacillus aeidi lactici. Huepi>e.
Fliigge. Bacterium capitatum, Davaine. Bacterium lactis aerogenes, Eschericii.
Found in an infusion of albuminous matter. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Abelous.
aer., viot. Bacterium carbuncolare, Pol- Bacterium lineola, MiilJer. Cohn. Syn.
lender, Brauell, Delafond, and Davaine. See Bacterium punetum, Rivolta. Bacterium
Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. tremulans, Trevisan. Bacterium Irilocularf,
Bacterium carlsbergense, Hansen. Found Ehrenberg. Bacterium articulatum, Ehren-
in the air. Bacterium kochii, Hansen.
Cf. berg. ]'ibrio lineola (Miiller^. EhrenU-rg.
Bacterium catenula, Dujardin. Has been Vibrio tremulans, Ehrenberg. Bacilluy
observed especially in jnitrid wine or putrefy- lineola. Found in well and other water, in
infusions, in soil on vegetables, etc. aer., mot.
ing blooil, generally in albuminous liijuids
BACTERIA BACTERIA
(trembling and darting back and forth), Ehrenberg. Bacterium pseudopneu-

pleom., >'pg- Probably represents several monicum. See Bacillus ps:udopncumon-
species, or a developmental form of a spiril- icics, Flugge. Bacterium punctum,
lum. Bacterium litoreum, Warming. Rivolta. See Bacterium lincola (Miiller),
Found only in sea water, aer., inot.^ np^-. Cohn. Bacterium putredinis, I)avaine.
Bacterium' lucens, Van Tieghem. See P'ound in rapidly-decaying plants. Cf. Bac-
Bacillus luceiis. Van T. Bacterium terium gununis. Comes. Bacterium pyri-
luteum, Trelease. See Bacillus luteus, forme, Hansen. Found in the air. Bac-
riiigge, Bacterium maidis, Cuboni. See terium radicicola, Prazmowski. Syn.,
Bacillus maidis, Cuboni. Bacterium Bacillus radicicola,
Beyernick ; Khizobiuni
merismopcedioides, Zopf See Bacillus hguminosarum, Frank. Found in the soil,
tncrisinopcFdioides, Zopf. Bacterium mor- particularly in the roots of the Leguminosa,

billi, Lanzi. Found in the urine of persons where it is held to stimulate the cells to
with measles. CfBacillus septiacmia unusual growth, affect nitrification, consti-
Bacterium " bacteroids " of
hceinorrhagiccE, Sternberg. tute the Woronin, and form
navicula, Reinke and Berthold. See the so-called " liacteroid tissue." Bacte-
Bacillus hutvricus, Prazmowski. Bacterium rium rosaceum metalloides, Dowdeswell.
neapolitanum. See Bacillus neapoli/a?ius, See Bacillus rtiber, Frank, Cohn. Bacte-
Emmerich. Bacterium oblongum, Bou- rium rubescens, Lankester. See Beggiatoa
troux. i^yn., iMicrococcus oblongus, Boutroux. roseopersicina, Zopf Bacterium septi-
Found in l)eer ; the agent of gluconic fermen- caemiae, Koch. See Bacillus septicicmiic
tation. Bacterium of Butyric Acid Fer- hicmorrhagic(T, Sternberg. Bacterium sep-
mentation. See Bacillus bulyricus, Praz- ticum sputigenum. See Bacillus septicus
mowski. Bacterium of Diphtheria, Em- sputigcnus, Fliigge. Bacterium subtile,
merich. Found in cases of diphtheria in Buchner. See Bacillis subtilis, Ehrenberg.
man and doves. Bacterium of Fire Bacterium sulfuratum Bacterium sul-
;
Blight. See Bacillus l>u/v>'ici/s, Prazmow- phuratum. Warming. See Beggiatoa roseo-
ski. Bacterium of Infectious Pneu- persicina, Zopf Bacterium sulfureum,
monia in the Horse. See Strtplococcus Rosenheim. Found in wine. nliqf.
coryzce contagiosa equorurn, Schiitz. Bac- Evolves H.^S. Bacterium syncyaneum,
terium of Kefir. vSee Bacillus caucasicus, Ehrenberg, Schroter. See Bacillus cyanog-
Kern. Bacterium of Pear Blight. Cf. entis, Hueppe. Bacterium synxanthum,
Bacillus hutyricus, Prazmowski, and ATicro- Schroter. See Bacillus svnxant/ius. Bac-
cocciis amvlovorus, Burrill. Bacterium of terium termo, Dujardin and Ehrenberg.
Sheep Pox. Found in cases of sheep ]X)x, Syn., Bacillus termo, Davaine. Bacterium
or Schaf blattern.
' '
Bacterium of Variola,
' '
bacillus, Pasteur. Cryptococcus natans, Kiitz-

Cose and F"eltz. Found in the vesicles of ing. Cryptococcus nebulosns, Kiitzing. Micro-
.smallpox pathogenic for rabbits.
;
Bac- coccus crepusculum Cohn. Zooghva termo,
,
terium oleae, Arcangeli. Said to cause the A/onas termo (Miiller). A collective species.
so-called tuberculosis ("Maladie de la Bacterium termo, Vignal. P'ound in the
"
loupe;" Rogner") of olives. Bacterium saliva of healthy persons, aer., liqf., mot.,
ovatum, See Nosema bombycis,
I>ebert. chg. (yellowish gray), npg. Bacterium
Nageli. Bacterium pasteurianum, or tholoideum, Gessner. Syn., Bacillus of
Bacterium pastorianum. See Bacillus Gessner. Found in the intestinal contents
pasteuriauus, Hansen. Bacterium perip- of healthy persons. Resembles Bacillus lactis
lanetse, Tichomirow. Found in the com- aerogenes, Escherich. pg. (for mice and
mon cockroach [Periplaneta orientalis), and guinea-pigs). Bacterium tremulans, Tre-
producing in it a specific disease. Bac- visan. See Bacterium lincola, Cohn. Bac-
terium pfliigeri, Liidwig. See Photobac- terium triloculare, Ehrenberg. See Bac-
terium pjliigeri, I.udwig. Bacterium terium lineola, ('ohn. Bacterium tuber-
phosphorescens, Hermes. Bacterium culosis, Zopf. Bacterium tuberculosum,
phosphorescens, Cohn. See Photobacte- Koch. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch.
riuiit phosphorescens. See Bacillus phos- Bacterium tumescens, Zopf See Bacillus
phoreus, Cohn. Bacterium photome- fumescens, Zopf Bacterium typhosum.
tricum, Engelmann. Found in water ;
.See Bacillus typhi ahdominalis, Eberth and
motion dependent on light possibly not a ; Gafiky. Bacterium ulna. -See Bacillus
bacterium at all. Bacterium pneumoniae, ulna, Cohn. Bacterium ulna, Cohn. See
Bacterium pneumoniae crouposae, Fried- Micrococcus urcic. Bacterium ureae, Jaksch.
iSnder. See Bacillus pneumonia fried- Found ammoniacal urine, aer., facanaer.,
in
liinderi. Bacterium porri, Tommasi- nliqf. Not sufficiently investigated. Bac-
Crudeli. Found in warts. Bacterium terium vermiforme. Ward. Found in fer-
prodigiosum. See Bacillus prodigiosus. mented ginger-beer. Bacterium viola-
BACTERIA BACTERIA
ceum, Syn., ChronioUacferiiini
Bergonzini. bacteriopurpurin. Beggiatoa tigrina, Ra-
Found in putrefying
violact'iim, Bergonzini. benhorst. Syn., Oscillaria tigrina, Rfemer.
solutions of egg-albumen. chi:;. (violet). Found in swamps on submerged woofl. Forms
Bacterium viride. See Bacillus viridis. a thin white layer. Bienstock's Putrefac-
Van Tieghoin. Bacterium xanthinum. See tive Bacillus. Bienstock's Putrefactive
Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenbergand Schroter. Bacillus from the Feces. See Bacillus
Bacterium xylinum, A. J. Brown. Found putreficus coli, liienslock. Brieger's Ba-
in solutions of carbohydrates, giving rise to cillus. See Bacillus cavicidus, I'.rieger.
acetic acid, and converting dextrose into glu- Buff Bacillus of Spreading Edema, .\. B.
conic acid, and mannitol into levulose. Bac- Harris. nliqf., aer., c/ig. (buff), pU-om.
terium zopfii, Kurth. See Bacillus zopjii. Capsule Bacillus of Loeb. Obtained from
Bacteroides, Woronin. Microorganisms a case, of keratomalacia infantum. aer.,
forming tubercles in the roots of leguminous facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Resembles
plants, and assisting in the fixing of nitrogen. Bacillus capsulatus, I'feilfer. Capsule
Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Syn., Beggiatoa Bacillus of Ozena, Marano. Found in the
pitncldla, Trevisan. Bcgi^n'afoa Icptoniiii- Re-
nasal secretions in ten cases of ozena.
Meneghi. Oscillaria alba, Vaucher. sembles Bacillus pneumonia friedldnderi.
fonitis,
Hygrocrocis vandelli, Meneghi. Next to Cf. Micrococcus Icewcnbcrgii Capsule .
Cladothrix the most common bacterium of Bacillus of Smith. Sec Bacillus capsu-
water, forming a superficial layer in the mud. latus smithii. Cheese Spirillum. See
Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Syn., Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Chromo-
Beggiatoa ivrstcdtii, Ralienhorst. See Beggi- bacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. See
atoa marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa arach- Bacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. Clado-
noidae, Agardh. Syn., Oscillaria -arach- thrix bovis. See Actinomyces hovis, llarz.
noidea, Agardh. Oscillaria versatilis, Kutz. Cladothrix canis. Held by Rabe to be very
Found in swamps and sulphur springs. Beg- like Actinomyces bovis. Cladothrix dicho-
giatoa leptomitiformis, Meneghi and Tre- toma, Cohn and Zopf. See Leptothrix och-
visan. Syn., Oscillaria leptoniitiforniis, Men- racea, Kiitzing. .'\h'conostocgregaritim,Co\\n.
eghi. Found in sulphur springs. Beggiatoa Cladothrix foersteri, Cohn. Syn., Creno-
marina, Cohn. Syn., Beggiatoa alba, var. thrix Streptothrix foersteri, Cohn.
fcersteri,
marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa arstedtii Raben- ,
Forms yellowish or grayish concretions
horst. Found in a salt water aquarium, form- in the human lacrymal ducts. Cladothrix
Obtained from sea nnid
ing a whitish slimy layer on dead fish. Beg- intricata, Russel.
Clath-
giatoa minima. Warming. Found in sea (hay of Naples), aer., liqf, mot.
water gray. ; Beggiatoa mirabilis, Cohn. rocystis roseopersicina, Cohn. See Beg-
Found in a salt water aquarium snow white. ; giatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Clostridium
See Pragntidio- butyricum, Prazmowski. See Bacillus
Beggiatoa multisepta.
thrix multisepta, Engler. Held by Zopf to butvricus, Prazmowski. Clostridium foeti-
be identical with Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. dum, Lihorius. See Bacillus fa\'idus. Pas-
Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Syn., Lep- set. Clostridium of Symptomatic An-
toneiua niveum, Symphiothrix nivea, Brug- thrax (or Charbon), Neelsen ami Khlcrs.
ger. Found in sulphur springs. Beggiatoa See Bacillus chauvcci, Bollinger and Feser.
nodosa, Van Tieghem. A doubtful form Clostridium polymyxa, Prazmowski. See
characterized by nodes in the filaments, which Bacillus polvmyxa, Pr.izmowski. Cocco-
from other members of the genus in the
differ bacillus pyogenes ureae, Rorsing. See
absence of sulphur grains and of motion. Diplococcus pyogenes ure<r. Coccobacteria
Beggiatoa cerstedtii, Rabenhorst. See septica, Billroth. The single term under
Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Beggi- which Billroth includes all putrefactive bac-
atoa pellucida, Cohn. Found Iti a marine teria. See Bacillus septicu-mitp /i,emorr/iagi-
aquarium; sulphur grains few. Beggiatoa ae. Coccobacteria urese, Rorsing. Sec
punctata, Trevisan. .See Beggiatoa alba, Diplococcus pyogenes ure.e. Coccobacterium
Cohn. Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. lyssae, Rivolta. See Bacillus ly.<:.ur. Coh-
^yn. Bacterium rubescens, lânkestcr. Bac-
,
nia roseopersicina, Winter and Kiitzing.
terium sulfuratuni or Bacterium sulphur- See Bes^giatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Colon
atum. Warming. Clathrocystis roseafêrsi- Bacillus of Escherich. See Bacillus n a
cina, Cohn. Co/inia roseopersicina. Winter, politanus. Comma Bacillus,
Comma Ba-
Microhaloa rosea, Kutz. Ophidi- cillus of Koch, Comma-shaped Bacillus,
Kiitzing.
omonas sanguinea, Ehrenberg. Pleurococcus Waten. See .Spirillum cboleru- asi.iti..e.
Peach-colored Koch. brillants. See A',;./
roseopersicina, Rabenhorst. Corpuscles
bacterium. Morphologically identical with
/us fitidus, Passet. Coryza diplococci.
Beggiatoa alba ,Y Awcher I'orms rose col oiod
.
See .Micrococcus cereus aureus, Sclu«Mcr .iiid
to violet pellicles on putrid matter. I'roduces Winckler. Crenothrix foersteri, Colin. See
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Cladothrix fcerstcri. Crenothrix kiihniana, metz. Found in water, aer., liqf., mot.,
Saccardo and Rabenhorst. Syn., Crenothrix ehg. (yellow),;//^'-. Diplococcus of Gonor-
polyspora, Cohn. Hypivothrix kiihniana, rhea. See JMieroeoeeus gonorrhoea Neisser. ,
Leptothrix kiihniana. Found in drinking Diplococcus of Orchitis, Hugouneng and

water, to which it imparts a disagreeable Fraud. Syn., Orehioeoeeus. Frequently
taste. Crenothrix polyspora, Cohn. See found in gonorrheal pus during the first few
Crenotlirix kii/iiiiaua Saccardo and Raben-
, days. aer., nliqf., pg. Diplococcus of
horst. Cryptococcus alveareus. See Ozena, Loewenberg. Found in the se-
Bacillm: alvci. Cheshire and Cheyne. cretions in cases of ozena.
Diplococcus of
Cryptococcus clava, Wedl. Found in the Pemphigus, Diplococcus of Pemphigus
stomachs of ruminants. Cryptococcus Acutus, Dcmme. Syn., Mieroeoeeus of
cerevisiae, Robin. Cryptococcus fer- Dennne. Found in the bulla? of pemphigus.
mentatum. Kiitzing. See Saccharotnyces aer., nliqf., pg. Resembles the gonococcus.
ft're7'isiic, Reess and Robin. Cryptococcus Diplococcus of Pneumonia in Horses,
glutinis, P'ersen. See Saccharoniyces glu- Schiitz. Obtained from the lungs of a horse
tinis. Cryptococcus guttulatus, Robin. affected with acute pneumonia, aer., nliqf.,
See Saccharomyii's gul/uiatiis. Cryptococcus pg. Diplococcus pneumoniae fibrinosae,
natans, Cryptococcus nebulosus, Kiitz- Friedlander. See Baeillus pneu>/ioniic fried-
ing. See Bactcriiir)! tcr/no, Dujardin and Idnderi. Diplococcus pneumoniae, Weich-
Davaine. Cryptococcus of Yellow Fever. selbaum. Syn., Pneuniococeus of Frdnkel.
See C. xcin/iiogt-nicus, Freire. Cryptococ- See Baeillus septieus sputigenus, Fliigge.
cus xanthogenicus, Domingo Freire. Con- Diplococcus pyogenes ureae, Rorsing.
sidered by IJ. Freire to be the cause of yel- Syn., Diploeoeeus urea:, Rorsing. Coeeo-
low fever. Cf. Bacillus of Yellmv Fever. baeillus pyogeties urea, Rorsing. Coeeo-
Denecke's Cheese Bacillus. See Spiril- baeteriinn tirecc, Rorsing. Found in jiurulent
lum fyrogenum. Dengue Micrococci. See urine. Cf. Diploeoeeus urecE trifoliatus,
Scheutzia laughlini. Detionella ochracea, Rorsing. Mieroeoeeus pyogenes urea flai'its,
Saccardo. See Leptothrix oehraeea, Kiitz- Rorsing. Diplococcus roseus, Bumm.
ing. Diplococcus albicans amplus, Found in the air. aer.
faeanaer., liqf., ehg.
,
Bunim. Grayish white micrococcus. Found (pink), npg. Diplococcus ureae, Rorsing.
in mucus from the healthy vagina. aer., See Diploeoeeus pyogenes ure,c, Ivorsing.
facanaer., liqf., npg. Diplococcus albi- Diplococcus ureae trifoliatus, Rorsing.
cans tardus, Unna and l\)nimas()li. Foui.ul I'ound in purulent urine. Cf. Diploeoeeus
in eczema, eier., nliqf., itmof. Diplococ- pyogenes urea, Rorsing. Mieroeoeeus pyogenes
cus albicans tardissimus. Morphologi- 21 rece
flavus, Rorsing. Dispora caucasica,
cally identical with
the gonococcus ;
but Kern. See Baeillus eaueasieus, Kern.
more adherent, forming small masses, aer. , Drumstick Bacillus. See Baeillus putri-
nliqf. ,
npg. Diplococcus citreus conglom- ficus Epsilon Bacillus. See Spirillum
eoli.
eratus, Bumm. Obtaint'd from the air, in fnkleri. Erythroconus litoralis, Krstedt. <
dust, and from gonorrheal pus. aer., faca- See Sa)rina litora/is. Feet-sweat Bacillus.
naer., liqf., ehg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Dip- See Baeillus fat idus, Baeillus sapr,geiies,
lococcus citreus liquefaciens, Unna and II, and Baeillus graveolens. Finkler- Prior's
Tommasoli. Found on the skin in cases of Bacillus. See Spirillum Finkler-Prior.
eczema sebonhneicum. aer., liqf. ninot., Flesh-colored Bacillus, Tils, aer., liqf.
-
ehg. (lemon yellow), npg. Diplococcus nii't., ehg. (pink), npg. Flowers of Wine.
coryzae, Klebs and llajek. (Obtained from See Saeeha?-oii/vres viveoderDia Reess. ,
the nasal secretions in cases of acute nasal Frankel's Pneumobacillus. See Baeil-
catarrh. aer., nliqf, npg. Diplococcus lus septieus ."Sputigenus, k'liigge. Frog-
flavus liquefaciens tardus, Unna and spawn Bacterium of Sugar Factories,
Tommasoli. 1^'ound on the skin in cases of Frog-spawn fungus. See I.eueonostoe
eczema seborrliceicum. aer. , faeanaer. , liqf., ti?ese)iteroides. Gaffkya tetragenes, Sac-
ehg. (chrome-yellow), npg. Diplococcus cardo. .See jlfieroeoeeus tetragenus, Gaffky.
fluorescens fcetidus, Klamann. Obtained Gas Forming Bacillus. See Baeillus
from the posterior nares. aer., faeanaer., gasofor/nans, Eisenberg. Ginger Beer
(grass-green to violet), ///;,'. Diplo-
liqf-, ehg. Plant, Marshall Ward. Forms jelly like,
coccus intercellularis meningitidis, (!old- semi-transparent, yellowish-white, brain-
schmidt and Weichselbaum. Found within like masses at the bottom of the fermenta-
the cells of the exudate in cerebro-spiiial tion resembles Caucasian kephir grains it
; ;
meningitis, aer., tiliqf, pg. Diplococcus is a symbiotic association of Saeeharoniyees

lacteus faviformis, Bumm. P'ound fre- pyriforiuis and of Baeterium vermiforme.
quently in the vaginal secretions. aer., Glacier Bacillus. See Baeillus fuoreseens
nliqf., npg. Diplococcus luteus, Ada- nivalis, Schraolck. Gliococcus, a micro-
BACTERIA BACTERIA
coccus with a slimy capsule. Golden Sta- maximus. Miller. Leptothrix muralis,
phylococcus. See Slaphylococius pyo^^cncs KUtzing. See Leptothrix parasitica. Lep-
annus, (Jgston, Beeker. Gray-white mi- tothrix natans. See Sphtcrotilus nalans,
crococcus, liiunm. See 7J//>/oiOicus ciiV'iifins Saccardo. Leptothrix ochracea,
Kiitzing.
amplus, liuinin. Hiematococcus bovis, Syn., Detionella ochracea, Saccardo. Clado-
Babes. Zirnmennann. Ubtained from the thrix dichotoma, Zopf. According to Zopf,
blood and viscera of cattle dead of an epi- this represents filaments of Cladotiirix stained
demic, infectious disease characterized by M'ilh oxid of iron.
Leptothrix of Puer-
hemoglobinuria (in Roumania). aer., fa- peral Fever, Leptothrix puerperalis,
canaer., nliqf., pg. Hay bacillus. See Fettz. See Bacillus puerperalis, lingi-j and
Bacillus subtilis^ Ehrenberg. Helicobacte- Spillman. Leptothrix parasitica, Kiiizing.
rium aerogenes, Miller. See Bacillus Parasiticon fresh-water algx-. Leptothrix
aerogencs, III, Miller. Helicobacterium pulmonalis. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin.
klebsii, Escherich. Found in the intestine Leptothrix pusilla, Rabenhorst. Found
of guinea pigs. plconi. Helicomonas, on fresh-water algie, also in the mouth,
Klebs. Syphilis fungus. Cf. Bacillus Klebs. Leptothrix symplacoides, I)ickie.
syphilidis, Lustgarten. Hormiscium cere- Found on marine alga-. Leptothrix vagi-
visiae, IJonard. Hormiscium vini. Hor- nalis. Found in the vagina of animals and
miscium vini et cerevisise, lionard. See women. Leptothrix variabilis, Saccardo.
Saccharoinyces mycoderma. Hueppe's Ba- Found in saliva of healthy persons. Leu-
cillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation. conostoc mesenteroides. Van Tieghem.
See Bacillus bulyricus, Hueppe. Hygro- Syn., Ascococcus i>useiiteroides, Cienkowski.
crocis vandelli, Meneghi. See fieggiatoa Frog S[)awn bacterium of sugar factories,
alba, Trevisan. Hypaeothrix kiihniana. Frog spawn fungus. A source of great loss
See Crcuothrix kiihniaiia. Influenza-ba- to the manufacturers of beet sugar, fre-
cillus. See Bacillus of Pn/Iueiiza, Pfeiffer. quently and rapidly converting large quanti-
lodococcus vaginatus, Miller. Found in ties of the beet juice into a inucilagino-gela-
unclean mouths ; gives peculiar reaction with tinous mass. Liborius's Bacillus of
iodin, the sheath being stained yellow, the Butyric Acid Fermentation, Liborius.
cocci dark blue. Koch's Bacillus. Koch's See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Lis-
Comma Bacillus, Commabacillus. See sophyton suspectum, Hallier. See Ba-
Spirillum cholerce asiatias, Koch. Lanceo- cillus lysscv, Pasteur. Melunella flexuosa,
late Coccus, Lancet-shaped Micrococ- Borg. See Spirillum rugula, Miiiler.
cus, Tal anion. See Bacillus seplicus sputi- Merismopedia chondroidea, With, Meris-
genus, Fliigge. Lepra-bacillus. 'AeeBacillus mopedia glauca. See Sarciua reiiis. Hep-
Itpne, Hansen. Leptonema niveum. See worth. Merismopedia goodsirii. See .*>"(?/--
Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Leptothrix cina ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopedia

buccalis, Robin. Syn., Leptothrix gigatilea. hyalina, Kiitzing. Sarciua hyalina, Kiitz-
Miller. Leptothrix pulinonalis, Rasniussenia ing. Merismopedia litoralis, Rabenhorst.
buccalis, Saccardo. Found in the mouth of See Sarciua litoralis, CErstedt. Merismo-
man and animals. Falsely considered the pedia reitenbachii, Caspary. See Sanitia
cause of dental caries. Leptothrix buccalis reiteubachii,Cas\)ary. Merismopedia urinae,
of Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis [a), Vig- Rabenhorst. See Sarciua uriu.e, Welcker.
nal. Leptothrix epidermidis. Syn., Ba- Merismopedia ventriculi, llu.iem. .See
cillus cpiderntidis,Bizzozero. Alicrosporon Sarciua ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopedia
minutissimuiu, Burchart. Found on the epi- violacea, Kiitzing. See Sarciua violaeea,
dermis between the toes, and held by liizzo- Kiitzing. Metallacter anthracis, Trevisan.
zero to be nonpathogenic, but by Boeck as See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Da-
the cause of erythrasma. Leptothrix gigan- vaine. Metallacter tremulus, Tn-visan.
tea. Miller. Found on the teeth of dogs, See Bacillus tremulus, Koch. Metallacter
sheep, cattle, and other animals affected ulna, Trevisan. See Bacillus ulna, Colin.
with Pyorrhoea alveolaris. Some consider it Micoderma cerevisiae, Trecul. See .S',;,
identical with Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. charomyces mycoderma, Reess. Micrococcus
Leptothrix hyalina, Reinsch. Found on aceti. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. Micro-
marine algae. Leptothrix innominata. coccus acidi lactici, Marpmann. Found in
Miller. See Lêptothrix buccalis, Robin. milk ;

reseml)les in its action Bacillus acidi
Leptothrix kiihniana. See Creiiothrix lactici, Hueppe. aer., nli,jf., iimol., tipg.
kiihuiaua. Saccardo. Leptothrix lacrimalis. Cf. Sphuvococcus acidi lactici. Marpman.
See Cladotlirix farsteri, Cohn. Leptothrix Micrococcus acidi lactici liquefaciens,
lanugo, Kiitzing. Found on marine alg;T_> Kriiger. I'ound in butter and chc<-so. aer.,
near Melig(jland. Leptothrix maxima faccinaer., li(//.,
nmot. Micrococcus aero-
buccalis, Miller. See Bacillus buccalis genes, Miller. Found in tiic inlcstin;U
BACTERIA BACTERIA
tract of man. aer., Uqf-, nniot., npg. (cherry-red), npg. Micrococcus cereus
Micrococcus agilis, Ali-Cohen. Found albus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus ceieus
in drinking water, aer., Uqf-, mot., npg. albus, Passet. Found in the pus of acute
A motile coccus, provided with a tlagellum; abscesses, and by Tils in hydrant water
described by Menge. Micrococcus agilis (Freiburg), aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus
citreus, Menge. Micrococcus (Diplo- cereus aureus, SchrSter and Winkler. Syn..
coccus) albicans amplus, Bunini. Syn. Staphylococcus cereus aureus, S.and \\'. I'ound
A'eisseria albicans. Frequently found in the in the thin secretions of coryza. aer., jiliqf,
vaginal secretions, aer., Uqf-, >ipg- Micro- chg. (orange-red), npg. Micrococcus
coccus (Diplococcus) albicans tardus, cereus flavus, Passet. Staphylococcus
'Syn.,
Unna and Tommasoli. Found in eczema. cereus /laz'us, Passet. Staphylococcus passetii.
aer., nliqf., nmot.Micrococcus albicans I'ound in an acute abscess, aer. , nliqf. , chg.
tardissimus, Eisenberg, Bumm. Found in (lemon-yellow), npg. Micrococcus chlo-
the vaginal secretions of puerperal women. rinus. Occurs in zoogkea masses, aer., chg.
aer., facaiiaer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus (greenish-yellow), npg. Micrococcus chol-
liquefaciens, Von Bcsser. Found in the erae gallinarum, Pasteur. See Bacillus
nasal secretions of healthy persons, aer., septiccemiic htemorrhagicic, Sternberg. Micro-
facanaer., liqf., npg. Micrococcus albus coccus cinnabareus, Fliigge. Syn., Strep-
urin3e. See li/icrocoeeus iiriiialiuis. Micro- tococcus cinnabareus, Flagge. Found in air
coccus amylovorus, Burrill and Arthur. and water, aer., nliqf., chg. (reddish-brown j,
Syn. Alicrococcus of apple blight.
,
Bacte- npg. Micrococcus citreus. List. Syn.,
rium of pear blight. Produces fermentation Staphylococcus citreus. List. Found in water,
in saccharine fluids, aer., nliqf. mot. pg. , ,
also by Lannelongue and A chard in the
(for apple and pear trees). Cf. Ba- seat of an old osteomyelitis, aer. nliqf chg. , ,
cillus btityricus, I'razmowski. Micro- (pale-yellow), npg. Micrococcus citreus

coccus aquatilis, Bolton. Found fre- conglomeratus, Bumm. See Diplococcus
quently in water. aer., nliqf., npg. citreus conglomerattts, Bumm ;
Micrococcus
Micrococcus arei celsii, Buchner and concentricus, Zimmennann. Found in
Sehlen. Syn., Bacterium dccalvatis. Thin. water, aer., nliqf-, sap., npg. Micrococ-
Found on the diseased hairs in alopecia areata. cus conglomeratus, Weichselbaum. Syn.,
Cf. Bacillus of alopecia areata, Kasauli, A'eissera conghnnerata, W. Micrococcus
and Micrococcus of alopecia areata, Robin- coronatus, Fliigge. Syn., Streptococcus
son. Micrococcus ascoformans, Johne. coronatus, Fliigge. Found in the air. aer.,
êe Micrococcus botryogen us, Rabe. Micro- Uqf-, npg. Micrococcus cremoides, Zim-
coccus aurantiacus, Cohn. Syn., Fedio- mermann. Found in water, aer., liqf. chg. ,
coccus aurantiacus. Found in water, aer., (yeliowish-white), 7ipg. Micrococcus cre-

nliqf., chg. (orange-yellow), npg. Micro- pusculum, Cohn. See Bacillus termo,
coccus biskrae. See Micrococcus of Heydeti- Ehrenberg and Dujardin. Micrococcus
reich. Micrococcus blennorrhoeus. See cumulatus tenuis. Von Besser. Found in
Alicrococcus gonorrhcar, Neisser. Micro- abundance in the nasal mucus of man. aer.,
coccus bombycis, Cohn, Bechamp. Syn., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus cya-
Streptococcus bombycis, Bechamp. Found in neus, Schroter. Obtained from the air, on
the intestinal tract of silkworms and other boiled potatoes. aer., chg. (cobalt blue,
Lepidoptera dead of the epidemic disease altered to carmine by acids, restored by alka-
known in F'rance as la flacherie ; etiologic lies). Micrococcus decalvans, SchrSter.
relation demonstrated by Pasteur. Micro- Syn. Bacterium decalvans, Saccardo.
,
Cf.
coccus botryogenes, Bollinger, Rabe. Syn., Bacillus of alopecia areata, Kasauli, Micro-
Bollingera equi, Saccardo Ascococcusjohttei,
;
coccus arei celsii, Buchner and Sehlen Micro- ;
Cohn ; Micrococctis ascoformans, Johne ; coccus of alopecia areata, Robinson. Micro-

Micrococcus of myko-desmoids of the horse. coccus diffluens, Schroter. Found in the
Found in colonies in the connective tissue of air, dust, and in excrement ;
common, aer.^
horses affected with " mykodesmoids." aer., nliqf, chg. (yellow, with a greenish fluores-
liqf-,pg- Micrococcus candicans, Flugge. cence; not modified by acids). Resembles
Found abundantly in air and water, aer., Bacillus fluorescens pididiis, Flugge. Micro-
nliqf. npg. Micrococcus candidus, Cohn.
, coccus diphtheriticus,Oertel,Cohn, Loftier.
Found in water.- aer.,riliqf.,7ipg. Micro- Syn., Streptococcus articulorum. Loftier.
coccus capillorum. Found on the scalp Found in the false membranes, and in the
and said to alter the color of the hair, aer., tissues of diphtheria patients Cornil identi-
;
chg. (reddish-yellow). Micrococcus car- fies this with Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosen-
neus, Zimmermann. Found in water, aer., bach, aer., nliqf., pg. Micrococcus doy- I'
nliqf, chg. (red to violet), npg. Micrococ- enii. See Micrococcus urincr albus olearius,
cus cerasinus siccus, List, aer., nliqf., chg. Doyen. Micrococcus endocarditicus. Syn.,
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Streptococcus emiocarJiticus. Micrococcus hepatitis enzootica of hogs. See
I endocarditidis rugatus, Weichselbaum. A/icrociHi us Micrococcus
porcellortifn.
Found in a case of ulcerative endocarditis. imetrophus, Trevisan. See Bacillus pro-
Micrococcus erysipelatis,
acr., niiq f. pi^. ,
digiosus, Fhrenberg. Micrococcus indicus,
Micrococcus erysipelatos, Micrococcus Kocli. See Bacillus indicus, Kocli. Micro-
erysipelatosus, i''elilci.sen. See Micrococ- coccus influenzae, I.etzerich. Syn., Strep-
cus /•vogciies, Rosenbach. Micrococcus tococcus seifcrli. Micrococcus of influenza,
fermenti. See /Micrococcus vinipei'da. Seifert. See Bacillus of in/lucnza, rfcillcr.
Micrococcus fervidosus, Adanietz. Found Micrococcus insectorum, IJurrili, Strepto-
in water, aer., iiqf., >ipg. Micrococcus Found
coccus insect, iruin. in tile cecal a])-
fickii.Found in healthy and diseased eyes. pendages or pancreatic organs of the Chinch
Micrococcus finlayensis, Sternberg. Ob- bug {Blissus leukopterus. Say) and the liigher
tained from the viscera of a yellow-fever Hemiptera. Especially recommended as a
cadaver. acr., liqf., chg. (pale-yellow), remedy for the Chinch bug and for Ilallicus
npg. Micrococcus flavus. See Micrococ- niinutus, so damaging to the peanut. Micro-
cus flavus liqucfacicns, Fliigge. Micrococ- coccus intercellularis meningitidis,
cus flavus desidens, Fliigge. Found in Neumann and Scliaffer. Syn., Micrococcus
air and water. a:r., liqf-, chg. (yellowish- meningitidis, Neuniaim. Neisseria IVeichsel-
brown), tipg. Micrococcus flavus lique- hauinii. Found in the tissues of the Ijrain
faciens, Fliigge. Syn., Micrococcus flavus. and spinal cord in cases of cerebro-sjiinal
Micrococcus liqucfacicns. Micrococcus fla- meningitis. Micrococcus lacteus favi-
I vus tardigradus, Fliigge. Syn., Micrococcus formis, liunnu. Syn., A'cisseria lactea.
tardisiradus. Found in the air and water. Frequently found in normal vaginal mucus.
oer., n/iqf., chg. (dark olive-green), 7Zpg. aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus lactis
Micrococcus foetidus.Klamann, Rosenbach. viscosus, Conn. Syn., Micrococcus of
Found in the posterior nares of man. aer., bitter milk, Conn. The cause of the bitter
liqf. ttpg.
,
Micrococcus fervidosus, taste of milk and cream, aer., liqf, timot.,
Adametz. I'"ound in water, aer., iiliqf., npg. Micrococcus liquefaciens. See
npg. Micrococcus freudenreichii, Guille- Micrococcus flavus liquefaciens, Fliigge.
beau. One of the two forms found by Micrococcus Icewenbergii. Syn., Micro-
Guillebeau to produce ropiness in milk. coccus of ozena. Found in the secretions, in
aer., liqf., npg. Cf. Bacterium hessii, cases of ozena, aer. liqf. pg. ,
Micrococ-
,
Guillebeau. Micrococcus friedlanderi. cus luteus, Cohn. Found in water, the

See Bacillus pncumoniic fricdlcinderi. Mi- superficial soil, dust of
bed-rooms, moist
I crococcus fulvus, Cohn. Syn. Staphy- , foods, etc. aer., nliqf., chg. {ynWow), npg.
lococcus fulvus. Found in liorse and rabbit Micrococcus lyssae, Neisser. Syn., Neis-
dung, aer. nniot., nliqf., chg. (rose), npg. seria lyssa. Micrococcus of hydrophobia, Mi-
Micrococcus fuscus, Maschek. Found crococcus of rabies, Fol. Found in tlie
in water. aer., ninot., liqf., chg. (sepia- spinal cord of rabid animals. Cornil and
brown), npg. Micrococcus gallicidus. Babes throw doubt on the culture experi-
See Bacillus scpticionia: hccniLirrhagiccc, ments of Fol. Micrococcus major, Doyen.
Sternlierg. Micrococcus gelatinosus. See Micrococcus uriiuc major. Doyen. Mi-
Found in milk, which it causes to coagulate crococcus manfredii. Syn., Streptococcus
at about 22° C. Micrococcus gingivae inanfrcdii. Micrococcus of progressive
pyogenes, Miller. Found in the mouth of granuloma formation. Found in the sputum
a man affected with alveolar abscess, aer., of two cases of pneumonia following measles.
facanaer., nliqf., pg. Micrococcus gon- aer., nliqf.. pg. Micrococcus mastobius,
orrhoeae, Neisser. Micrococcus blennorrhceus, Nocard, Mollereau and Kitt. Syn., Strep-
Neissera gonorrhoea:, Micrococcus gonococcus. tococcus nocardi. Micrococcus of bovine
Found in
gonorrheal pus. aer. No growth mastitis, Kitt. Micrococcus of mastitis in
on ordinary gelatin has been grown on acid
;
cows. Streiitococcus of mastitis in
cows.
gelatin and human blood-serum, pg. Micro-

Micrococcus of contagious mammitis. .Mi-
coccus griseus. Winter. See Bacterium crococcus of gangrenous mastitis in sheep,

Obtained from the milk of cows
griseum. Warming. Micrococcus haema- Nocard.
and sheep affected with mastitis,
todes. Babes. Syn., I\Iicrococcus oj red aer., fac-
sweat. Found in foul sweat from the axilla. anaer. The form found in cattle is said to
Micrococcus hava- be nonliquefactive ;

that of sheep Iii|ucrii'S
aer., chg. (red), ;;/•,•.
niensis, Sternberg. Syn., Bacillus hava- both gelatin and blood-serum. Sternberg
niensis, Sternberg. Obtained by Sternberg recognizes three distinct forms producing
in his investigation of yellow fever, aer., mastitis. Micrococcus meningitidis, Neu-
Only found in the mann. See Micrococcus intercellularis men-
nliqf, chg. (blood-red).
Micro-
ingitidis, Neumann
Micrococcus of and Schltfer.
presence of free oxygen.
BACTERIA BACTERIA
coccus meningitidis purulentae, Heyden- the secretions of broad condyloma, as well
reich. Micrococcus morbillosus. Syn., as the primary indurations of syphilis. Eti-
Streptococcus morbillosus. Micrococcus na- ologic relations not confirmed. Micro-
salis, Hack. Found in the nasopharynsêal coccus of Drinking Water. See Micro-
space. acr., t/io/., iiliijf., iipg. Micro- coccusaqua tills, Bolton. Micrococcus of
coccus nitrificans, Van Tieghem. Found Egyptian Ophthalmia. See Micrococcus
in water. aer.,npg. Micrococcus, II, of of trachoma, Sattler and Michel. Micro-
Fischel. Found in the blood of two cases of coccus of Endocarditis. See Streptococcus
influenza. aer.,facanaer., liqf., pg. Mi- eudocarditicus and Micrococcus endocarditicus
crococcus oblongus. See Bacterium ob- rugatus, Weichselbaum. Micrococcus of
longuiii, Boutroux. Micrococcus ochroleu- Erysipelas, Fehleisen. See Micrococcus
cus, Prove and Legiain. Syn., Streptococcus pyogenes, Rosenliach. Micrococcus of Foot
ochrotctuus. Found in urine. aer., nlicjf., and Mouth Disease. Syn. , Streptocytus
dig. (sulphur yellow), npg. Micrococcus of eczenm epizootica, Schottelius, Streptocytus
of Acute Infectious Osteomyelitis. See aphthicola, Hallier. Found in the vesicular
Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. eruptions about the mouth and feet of cattle,
Micrococcus of Alopecia areata. Von pigs, and sheep. Communicable to man. aer.,
Sehlen, Robinson, Vaillard, and Vincent. facanaer. Pathogenesis not fully settled. Cf.
Found on the hairs from the diseased patches. Bacillus of ulcerative stomatitis of cattle. Mi-
aer., liqf., pg- Cf. Bacillus of Alopecia crococcus of Forbes. Found in the bodies
areata, and micrococcus decalvans. Schroter. of larva; of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapa,
Micrococcus of Ammoniacal Urine. See affected with an infectious disease. Micro-
Micrococcus urea, Cohn, and Micrococcus coccus of Fowl Cholera. See Bacillus
urecT liquefacietis, Fliigge. Micrococcus of scpticicmicEhicmorrhagicic, Sternberg. Mi-
Apple Blight. See Bacillus butyricus, crococcus of Freire. See Cryptococcus
Botkin, Prazmowski, etc. Micrococcus of xanthogenicus. Micrococcus of Furuncle.
Beriberi, Lacerda. See Bacillus beri- See Bacillus osteomyelitidis. Micrococcus
bericus, Lacerda. Micrococcus of Biskra of Gangrenous Mastitis in Sheep, Mi-
Button. See Micrococcus of Heydenreich. crococcus of Gangrenous Mammitis. See
Micrococcus of Bitter Milk. See Micro- Micrococctis mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau,
coccus lactis viscosus, Conn. Micrococcus and Kitt. Micrococcus of Gonorrhea. See
of Bronchitis, Picchini. Three distinct Micrococcus gonorrliccic Neisser.
,
Micro-
forms. acr., liqf. Cf. Bacillus of Lum- coccus of Gray Parrot Disease. See Mi-
nitzer. Micrococcus of Bovine Mastitis, crococcus psittaci, Eberth and Wolff. Micro-
Kitt. See Micrococcus mastobiiis, Nocaril, coccus of Heydenreich. Syn., Streptococcus
Mollereau, and Kitt. Micrococcus of Bo- bisknc. Micrococcus of Biskra Button. Found
vine Pneumonia, Poels and Nolen. Mi- in the tumors and ulcers characteristic of
crococcus of cattle pneumonia. Found in Aleppo lioil or liiskra Initton. aer., liqf. pg. ,
the lungs of cattle suffering from infectious Micrococcus of Hydrophobia. See Mi-
plturopneumouia. acr., itliqf., pg. Mi- ciococcus lyssic, Pasteur. Micrococcus of
crococcus of Cerebrospinal Meningitis. Infectious Osteomyelitis. See Micro-
See Micrococcus intercellularis tiieningitidis. coccus pyogenesaureus, Rosenbach, and
Neumann and Schaffer. Micrococcus of APicrococcus osteomyelitidis, Becker and
Chicken Pox. See Stapl/ylococcus 7'i/ii/is Kraske. Micrococcus of Influenza, Seifert,
flaTcscciis, (juttmann. Micrococcus of Streptococcus seiferti. See Micrococcus in-
Contagious Mammitis. See Micrococcus fluenzcF, Letzerich. Micrococcus of Kirch-
fiiastobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and Kitt. ner. Obtained from the sputum of patients
Micrococcus of Cow Pox. See Micro- suffering with influenza. aer.,pg. Micro-
coccus variolic et vaccimv, Cohn. Micrococ- coccus of Manfredi. See Micrococcus
cus of Dantec. Obtained from salted cod- manfredii. Micrococcus of Mastitis,
fish whicli had turned red. aer., iiliqf., Kitt. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard
chg. (yellow, changing to
deep red), npg. and Mollereau. Micrococcus of Measles,
Micrococcus of Demme. See Diplo- Klebs and Keating. '6yn., Streptococcus mor-
coccus of pemphigus acutus, Demme. Mi- billosus. Micrococcus morbillosus. Found in
crococcus of Dental Caries. See Lepto- the blood and exudates of persons afflicted
thrix vulgaris, Robin Lcptothrix gigantca.
; with measles. Fliigge considers it unim-
Miller Miller^ sepsilou bacillus, and Spirillum
;
portant. Micrococcus of Mykodesmoids
dentiuvi, Arnt. Micrococcus of Dengue, of the Horse. See Micrococcus botryogenes,
McTaughlin. See Schcutzia laughlini. Mi- Rabe. Micrococcus of Osteomyelitis. See
crococcus of Diphtheria. Streptococcus ar- APicj'ococcus pyogenes aureus, (_)gston. Micro-
ticulorum, I.offler. Micrococcus of Disse coccus of Ozena. See A/icrococcta la-^cen-
and Taguchi. Obtained from the blood, bergii. Micrococcus of Pear Blight.
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Burrill. See Bacillus bidyricus, Prazmowski. septicus sputigenus, Micrococcus
Fliigge.
Micrococcus of Pebrine. See iVosc'ma petechialis. Syn., Neisseria petec/iialis.
bonibyiis, Nageli. Micrococcus of Pneu- Micrococcus pflugeri, Luilwig. .See J'hu-
monia. See Bacillus p)icuinonhe friidlditd- tubacleriuin pjHigeri,
Ludwig. Micrococ-
erii ami Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge. Mi- cus phosphoreus, Cohn. See Bacillus
crococcus of Progressive Abscess For- phosphoreus, Cohn. Micrococcus plu-
mation in Rabbits, Koch. Found in the mosus, Brauligam. I'ound in water, aer.,
exudates of rabbits inoculated with putrefy- nliqf, npg. Micrococcus pneumoniae
ing blood, Micrococcus of Progres-
p'^. crouposae, Sternberg. See Jiiuillus us
sepli,
sive Granuloma Formation. See Mi- sputigeiius, Fliigge. Micrococcus pneu-
crococcus vianfrctlii. Micrococcus of moniae infectiosae, Friedlander. See Bacil-
Progressive Tissue Necrosis in Mice, lus pneuntoniic friedldnderii. Micrococcus
Koch. Found in the exudates of mice porcellorum. Syn., Micrococcus of liei)ati
inoculated witli putrid blood. ^^'•. Mi- tis enzootica of
hogs. ]'"ound in hogs alTecled
crococcus of Pyemia in Rabbits, Koch. with hepatitis (Russia), aer. pg. Mi-
,lit/f.,
Found in the exudates of rabbits inoculated crococcus prodigiosus, Cohn. See B.icil-
with putrefying llesh infusion, pg. Micro- lus prodioiosus, Ehrenberg.Micrococcus
coccus of Rabies, Fol. See Micrococcus pseudocyanus, Cohn. Found in boiled
lyssic, Neisser. Micrococcus of Red Sweat. potatoes exposed to air. aer., c/ig. (verdigrii
See Micrococcus lucmatoilcs. Babes. Micro- green), npg. Micrococcus psittaci, Wolf.
coccus of S. Le M. Moore. See Bacillus Syn., .Streptococcus perniciosus psitlacoruin,
fa-tittus,Liborius. Micrococcus of Salvioli. Eberth and Wolf. Micrococcus of gray parrot
See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, T'liigge. disease. The cause of a disease of parrots re-
Micrococcus of Scarlet Fever, Pohl and sembling fowl cholera ; fatal to many of the
Pincus. See Micrococcus scarlatiiuB. Mi- parrots imported from Cuinea into Europe.
crococcus of Septicemia in Rabbits, Micrococcus putridus. A form cmiliing a
Koch. Syn., Streptococcus Kochii. Found fetid gas from gelatin when mixed witii iodo-
in the exudates of rabbits inoculated with form. Micrococcus pyocyaneus, Ciessard.
putrefying tlesh-infusion. pg. Micrococcus See Bacillus pyocyaneus a, dcîiMxl. Micro-
of Smallpox. See Micrococcus variolcz et coccus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Syn., Strep-
z'acciihe, Cohn. Micrococcus of Sputum tococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus erysipelatos.
Septicemia. See Bacillus^ septicus. sputi- Streptococcus longus, Von Lingelsheim. Mi-
gf'ins, I'liigge. of Swine
Micrococcus crococcus erysipelatis {tos) (tosus). Streptococ-
Plague or Hog Cholera.
See Bacillus of cus of pus. Micrococcus of erysipelas,
swine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch, and Jobert, Fehleisen. Found in the pus of acute ab-
and Bacillus ex piieuino-euteritide suis, Klein. .
scesses, and in the skin in cases of erysipelas.
Micrococcus of Syphilis, Ilaberkorn and Micrococcus
aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg.
Marcus. Found in the white blood cor- pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. Syn., Sta-
puscles in cases of syphilis, aer., osc, chg. phylococcus pyogenes albus. Passet. Staphy-
(red). Micrococcus of Trachoma, Saltier lococcus epiderniidis albus, Welch. Frequently
and Michel. Syn., Neisseria rebellis. Mi- found in company with Micrococcus pyogenes
crococcus of Egyptian ophthalmia. Found in aureus. The cause of "stitch abscesses."
the secretions and nodules of the conjunctiva aer., liqf., pg. Micrococcus pyogenes
in cases of trachoma, aer., nliqf., pg. Re- aureus, Rosenbach. Syn., Staphylococcus
searciies of Bauingarten and Kartulis go to pyogenes aureus. Micrococcus of infectious
show that this form has no etiologic relation osteomyelitis. The species most frecjuently
to the diseases mentioned. Micrococcus found in pus. Obtained from various sup-
of Vaccinia. See Micrococcus variole et purations, boils, anthrax, osteomyelitis,
vacciihc, Cohn. Micrococcus of Whoop- ulcerative endocarditis, phlegmon, etc. aer.,
ing Cough, Letzerich. Found in the facanaer., liqf, chg. (brilliant golden
sputura in cases of
whooping cough. yellow),/^'-. Micrococcus pyogenes cit-
See Bacillus tussis convulsivcz, Afanassiew. reus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus pyogenes
Micrococcus olearius. See Micrococcus citreus, Passet. Micrococcus pyogenes fhn'us.
uriiue flainis olearius. Micrococcus os- Found associated with the two preceding
teomyelitidis, Becker. Syn., Micro- forms first described in acute abscesses.
coccus of acute infectious osteomyelitis. aer., facanaer., liqf., chg. (lemon yel-
See Micrococcus pyogen''S aureus, Rosenbach. low), pg. Held by some to be l)ut a
Micrococcus ovalis, Escherich. Found in variety oi Micrococcus pyogenes aureus.
Mi-
the meconium and feces of infants, crococcus pyogenes tenuis, Kosi-nbacli.
aer.,
Micrococcus ova- Micrococcus rosenbachii. l-'ound in
facanaer.,n'iqf.,npg. Syn.,
tus. See Micrococcus of pebrine. Micro- piis.
Culture thin, varnish like; j»athogc-
coccus pasteuri, Sternberg. See Bacillus nesis not settled. Cf. Micrococcus septicus.
9
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Fliigge. Micrococcus pyogenes ureae liqf,pg- Micrococcus suis, Burrill. See
flavus, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Bacillus ta/-digradus. Micrococcus tardi-
C"f. Diplococciis pyogenes itrecc, Ror.siiig ; gradus. See Alicrococcus llav/is turdigradus,
Diplocociiis iireif trifoliattis, Rorsing. Mi- Fliigge. Micrococcus tetragenes, Micro-
crococcus pyosepticus, Ricliet. Syn., coccus tetragenus, (ialfky. Syn., GuJ/kva
Staphylococcus pyosepticus, Hericourt and tetrage/ius, Saccardo. Obtained from a cavity
Richet. Obtained from a carcinomatous in the lung of a person with pulmonary tuber-
tumor in a dog. acr., li(/f., pg.: resembles culosis, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf., pg. Micro-
A/icrococais
pyogenes u/luis, Rosenbach. coccus tetragenus, Marotta. Constantly
Micrococcus radiatus, Fliigge. Syn., found in small-pox vesicles and pustules.
Streptococcus radiatus, Fliigge. Found in ae/:, liqf., pg. Produces vaccinia in calves
air and water, acr., liqf., //pg. Micro- Micrococcus tetragenus febris flavse,
coccus rheumarthritidis, Kiis.smaul. See P'inlay. Syn., Micrococcus tet/'age/ius x'crsa-
Bacillus rlie/ii/tarthriliJis, Kiissmaul. Mi- tilis, Sternl erg. Obtained from the excre-
crococcus rosenbachii. See Alicrococciis ments of mosquitoes which had drawn blood
pyoge//es tenuis, Rosenbach. Micrococcus from yellow fever patients also from the ;
rosettaceus, Zimmermann. FouikI in surface of the body in the same di.sease

water. aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus (Sternberg), aer., liqf., chg. (lemon-yellow),
roseus, Eisenberg. Found in the .sputum npg. Micrococcus tetragenus mobilis
of a person suffering from inliuenza. aer., ventriculi, Mendosa. Found in the con-
facanaer., Hqf., dig. (pink),
/tpg. Micro- tents of the stomach of man. aer., //liqf ,
coccus roseus, ]5umm. See Diplococc/is 7//ot.,npg. Micrococcus tetragenus sub-

/ose/is, Bumm. Micrococcus roseus, flavus. Von Besser. Found in nasal mucus.
Maggiora, Fliigge. Syn., Neisseria rosea. aer., facat/aer. (no growth in gelatin), npg.
Found on the skin. aer.,tipg. Micrococ- Micrococcus tetragenus versatilis,
cus salivarius pyogenes, Biondi. Syn,, Sternberg. See Mia-ococc/ts tetragen/is febris
StapJiylococcussalii'urius pyoge/ws, Biondi. JlaviC, Finlay. Micrococcus toxicatus,
Found an abscess produced in a guinea-
in Burrill. Syn., Alic/'ococcus variolic et vacci/zce,
pig by inoculation with saliva from a child Cohn. St/-eptococcus toxicatus, Burrill.
affected with anginose scarlatina. aer., Pound in the poison of the poison ivy, Rhus
liqf.,pg. Micrococcus salivarius septi- toxicode/idro/t. Micrococcus ulceris mol-

cus, Biondi. (Jbtained from animals after lis. See Bacill/is
of cha//croid, Ducrey.
inoculation with saliva from a person with Micrococcus ureae, Cohn.Syn., Bacterium
puerperal septicemia, aer., /iliqf.,pg. Cf. /ircic, Cohn. Streptococc/is /ircic. Torula u/e<r,
Alicrococc/ts sialoseptic/is. Micrococcus Pasteur. Found in urine, in which it pro-
scarlatinae, Micrococcus scarlatinosus. duces ammoniacal fermentation. Micro-
Coze and P'eltz. Syn., Perroncitoa scarlati- coccus ureae, Pasteur and Van 'lieghem.
nosa. Micrococcus of scarlet fever, Pohl Found in the air and in ammoniacal urine.
and Pincus. Found in the blood, on the aer.f faca//aer., //liqf., //pg. Possilily the
desquamating skin, and on the palate of scar- last two forms and the Bacteri/t/n /irciC,
let fever patients resembles Alicrococcits
; Jaksch, are identical. Micrococcus ureae
septicus, Fliigge. Cf.
St/-eptococcus /-iibigi- liquefaciens, Fliigge. Syn., St/eptococcus
nosus, Edingtoii, and Bacill/is of scarlet fever, ict//el>ius. Found in ammoniacal urine, aer..
Crooke. Micrococcus septicus. Cohn. faca//aer., liqf, //pg. Micrococcus urin-
.See Bacillus septiciciuiir liiLi//or>-Jiagiccc, albus. Syn., Mic/'ococcus alb /is uriniv.
Sternberg. Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge. Found in the urine in cases of pyelonephritis
Syn., Streptococcus septicus, Fliigge, and and cystitis. Micrococcus urinae albus
St/vptococc/is pyogc//es , Saccardo, Streptococc/is olearius, Doyen. Syn., A/icrococc/is doyenii.
pneui//oniir, Weichselbaum. Found in soil. Pound under the same circumstances as the
aer., nliqf., pg. Micrococcus septopy- last form, aer., liqf. Micrococcus urinae
aemicus. Syn., Streptococcus septopyivz/iicus. flavus olearius, Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus
Obtained from cases of phlegmonous angina olearius. Found in the urine of cystitis,
and erysipelas of the larynx, aer., nliqf., with the two preceding forms, aer., liqf. ,
pg. Resembles Mic/-ococc/is septicus, Fliigge. chg, (golden-yellow). Micrococcus urinae

Micrococcus sialosepticus. Found in major. Doyen. Syn., Alicrococcus major.
the saliva in a case of puerperal septicemia. Found in same circumstances as the three
aer., nliqf, pg. Cf. 3/icrococcus salivarius preceding forms. Micrococcus versatilis.
septic/is, Biondi. Micrococcus subflavus, P'ound on the skin of healthy persons, also in
Fliigge, Neisser. Syn., JVeisse/-ia s/ibflava. the liver, spleen and kidneys after death from
Yellowish-white micrococcus or diplococcus, yellow fever. Not sufficiently studied. Mi-
Bumm. Obtained from the lochia of puer- crococcus versicolor, Fliigge. Pôund in
peral women, and from vaginal mucus, aer.. water, acr., nliqf., chg. (yellow), npg.
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Micrococcus viniperda. '^yn., Mitro,octtts of the very few nitrifying ferments. Nosema
feriiitiiti.
Found in sjioilcd wine. Micro- bombycis, Nageli. Syn. Micrococcus ,n;,tiis.
coccus violaceus, Cohn. Found in water. It is found in the
organs and the blood of silk-
aer., iiliq f., c/ii^. (violet) , Micrococ-
y//;,'-. worms suffering hum pebrine. Ophidomonas
cus viridis flavescens, Guttmann. Found jenensis,Ophidomonas sanguinea, Idircu
in the lymph of a varicella pustule, tier., berg. See fy'eggia/oa roscopersicina, '/.tj\){.
nliqf., npg. Micrococcus viscosus, I'as- Orchiococcus. See Diplococcus of Orchi-

teur. Found in the disease of wine known tis, llugouneng and liraud. Oscillaria
as la graisse. Micrococcus viticulosus, alba, Vaucher. See Beggiatoa alba, '1 levi
Fliigge, Katz. Found in air and water, acr. ,
san. Oscillaria arachnoidea, Agardh.
facaiiaei-., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus xan- See Beggialoa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Os-
thogenicus. Cryptococcus xaiithogenicus, cillaria leptomitiformis, Meneghi. .See
F^reire.Found in cases of yellow fever. Beggiatoa leptomitiformis, Trevisan. Oscil-
Microhaloa rosea, Kiit/.ing. See Btggiatoa laria tigrina. See Beggiatoa tigrina, Raben-
roseopt-rsicina, Zopf. Microsporon minu- horst. Oscillaria versatilis, Kiitzing.
tissimum, Burchardt. See BaciUiis tpidcr- See Beggiatoa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Pal-
midis, Bizzozero. Microsporon septicum, mella infusionum, F'hrenberg. See Bacil-
Klebs. See Bacillus siptii\c»iiie lucnior- lus termo, Dujardin.Palmella prodigiosa,
rkagiae, Sternberg. Microzyma bombycis, Mont. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Fiuenlierg.
Bechamp. See Alicfoiotrus boiitbycis. Cohn, Palmellina capillorum (Radlkolfer), Kuih.
Beck. Milkwhite Micrococcus. Jiuram. Syn., Zoogla'a capillorum, Bulh. Found in
See Micrococcus albicans tardissiiniis, Eisen- the epidermis of the head supposed to alTect
;
berg. Milk Yeast, '^te

.Sacckaromyces lactis, the color of the hair. Panhystophyton
Adametz. Miller's Bacillus. See Bacil- ovatum. Syn. of Nosema bombycis. Pas-
lus dcntalis 7'iridaiis, Miller, and Spirilliiin set's Putrefying Bacillus of Pus. See
of Miller. Miller's Bacillus of the Intes- Bacillus pyogenes faiidus, I'asset. Peach-
tine. See Bacillus acrogcncs, /, //, ///, colored Bacterium, Lankester. See Beg-
Miller. Miller's Epsilon Bacillus. See giatoa roscopersicina, Zopf. Pediococcus
Epsilon Bacillus, Miller. Milzbrandbacil- acidi lactici, Lindner. Found in hay infusion
lus. See Bacillus atithracis, Pollender and and in mash from malt, aer., facanaer., nliqf,
Davaine. Monas prodigiosa, l^hrenherg. npg. Pediococcus albus, Lindner. Found
See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Mo- in well water, aer. liqf , npg. Pediococcus
,
nas termo, Miiller. See Bacillus tcniio, aurantiacus, Cohn. See Micrococcus aitran-
Dujardin. Mycoderma aceti. See Bacillus tiacus, Cohn. Pediococcus
cerevisiae,
aceti, Kiitzing. Mycoderma vini, Pasteur. Balcke. Syn., Sarcina cerevisiic, Lindner.
See Saccharoinyccs mvcodcrma, Reess. My- F'ound in beer and in the air of breweries.
conostoc gregarium, Cohn. A spiral or aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Peroncitoa
cruniiiled condition of a filamentous schizo- scarlatinosae. See Alicrococcus scarlatinic,
mycete, perhaps Cladothrix dichotonia, Cohn. Pohl-Pincus. Pfeiffer's Bacillus. See
Neisseria albicans. See Micrococcus albi- Bacillus capsulatus, Pfeilfer. Photobacte-
cans amp/us, Neisser. Neisseria citrea. rium balticum, Fischer. Found in the
vSee Micrococcus citreus cougloiiieratus,\iMvswn. waters of the Baltic, aer., liqf, fhos., npg.
Neisseria conglomerata. See Micrococcus Cf. Bacillus phpsphorescens indigenus,
congloincratus, Weichselbaum. Neisseria Fischer. Photobacterium fischeri, Katz
gonorrhcea. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea, F'ound in the waters of the Baltic, aer.,
Neisser. Neisseria lactea. See Micrococ- liqf, phos., npg. Photobacterium indi-
cus lacteus faviformis, Neisser. Neisseria cum, F'ischer. See Bacillus plto<plirresccns,
lyssae. See Micrococcus lyssa:, Neisser. Fischer. Photobacterium luminosum,
Neisseria petechialis. See Micrococcus pele- Beyerinck. Found on many .of the phospho-
chialis, Neisser. Neisseria rebellis. See rescent animals, crustaceous polyps, infusoria,
Micrococcus of trachoma, Sattler. Neisseria of the North Sea. aer., liqf, phos., npg.
rosea. See Micrococcus roseus, Maggiora. Photobacterium pfliigeri, Ludwig. .Syn.,
Neisseria subflava. See Micrococcus Bacterium pfliigeri, Micrococcus pfliigeri.
subflavus, Fliigge. Neisseria tardissima. Found upon butcher's meat and upon market
See Micrococcus albicans fardissit?!us, Ikunm. fish. The most phosphorescent of all light-
Neisseria weichselbaumii. See Micrococ- producing bacteria. aer., l-ql-^ pî''s-,
cus inlerccllularis meningitidis, Neumann npg. Photobacterium phosphorescens,

and Schaffer. Neisseria winckleri. See I'ischer. See Bacillus pho.'iphoreus, Cohn.
Bacillus Lacerda. Photobacterium phosphorescens, Colin.
bcribericus, Nitrifying
Bacillus of Winogradsky, Nitromonas Syn., Bacterium phosphorescens. Pink
of Winogradsky. It is found in the soil; Bacillus of Spreading Edema, .\. It.
no growth on ordinary culture media one ;

Harris, aer., nliqf, fleom., chg. (pink).
BACTERIA BACTERIA
nps;. Cf. Bacillus a'dcinafis iiialigiii, Koch. species has been dropped by recent writers.
Pleurococcus roseopersicina, Raben- Saccharomyces ellipsoideus I, II, Han-
hurst. See Bri;-giiifoa rcisc'o/>c'/-siiiHa, Zo[)f. sen, a "wild" species of wine ferment.
Pneumobacillus friedlanderi. SeeBni/lli/s Saccharomyces exiguus, Hansen. Found
Pneumobacillus in German yeast acts toward sugar exactly
pneumotiitE friedldnderi. ;
liquefaciens bovis. See Batiiliis liijitc- as does Saccharomyces marxianus. Sac-

finit-iis bovis, Arloing. Pneumococcus, charomyces glutinis. Syn., Cryptococcus
Friedlander's ;
Pneumoniacoccus of glutinis, Fersen. A
pullulating yeast that
Friedlander, Sternberg. See Bacillus piicti- forms beautiful rose-colored patches on
moni(e friedlanderi. Potato Bacillus. cooked potatoes. Saccharomyces guttu-
Applied to Bacillus ?iiesen(ericus Juscus, latus, Robin. Syn., Cryptococcus guttulatus,
Fliigge. Bacillus Tiiesetitericus vulgatus, Robin, Winter. Found in the esophagus,
Fliigge. Bacterium mcsentcricum ruhruiii, stomach, and intestines of mammals, birds,
tilobig. Pragmidiothrix multisepta, and reptiles. The feces of patients suflering
Engler. Syn. Beggiatoa Ditillisepta. Found
,
from tunnel anemia, or anchylostomiasis,
in sea-water upon crustaceans (Kieler Bucht). frequently contain this species of saccharomy-
It is distinguished from Beggiatoa by the ces. Saccharomyces lactis, Adametz.
alisence of sulphur grains. Prazmowski's ^^\\., Alilk-yeast.Found in milk, of which
Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation. it ferments the milk-sugar. Saccharomy-
See Bacillus luifyricus, Botkin, Praznio\v.->ki. ces marxianus. Found in wine acts ;
Proteus capsulatus septicus, Proteus vigorously on saccharose, inverting and fer-

hominis capsulatus. See Bacillus hoininis menting it with great activity it also acts ;
capsulatus, Banti, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Pro- on dextrose. Saccharomyces membrani-

teus lethalis. See Bacillus Icthalis, Babes. faciens. Forms a bright yellow, tough scum
Proteus mirabilis. See Bacillus mirabilis, on beer-wort liquefies gelatin has no fer-
; ;
Ilauser. Proteus of Karlinski. See Ba- mentative ar tion on ordinary carbohydrates,

cillus murisepticus pleoinorphus, Karlinski. and does not invert cane-sugar. Sacchar-
Proteus septicus. See Bacillus septicus, omyces minor, Engel. According to En-
Pasteur. Proteus sulfureus. See Bacillus gel this is the cause of fermentation in bread.
sulfureus, Lindenborn. Proteus sulfureus Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. Syn.,
of Holochenikoff, Proteus vulgaris, ]\Iycoderma ?nesentericu/ii Bers. , Mycoderma
Mauser. See Bacillus vulgaris, Ilauser. cerevisicB et vini, Desm. Ilormiscium vini
Proteus zenkeri. See Bacillus zenkeri, et cerevisice, Bonard. Mycoilerma vini, Pas-
Hauser. Pseudodiphtheria Bacillus, teur. Mycoderma cerevisia:, Trecul. Found
Lolller, Von llolfmann, Roux, Yersin, and on the surface of wine and beer, forming llie
Abbott. Found in the mucus from the so-called "flowers of wine J' Saccharo-
pharynx and tonsils of children suftering myces pasteurianus, Reess. Accord-
from nondiphtheric throat afl'ections. Pseu- ing to Hansen, this represents a group of
dodiplococcus pneumoniae, Bonome. Ob- three forms that cause changes in beer and
tained from the serofibrinous exudate of a wine. Saccharomyces pyriformis,\Vard.
peison dead of cerebrospinal meningitis. Found in the fermentation of ginger-beer.
aer., ulii/f., pg. Cf. Micrococcus menin- A yeast which develops much CO, but
Neumann, and Bacillus meningitidis little alcohol it inverts cane-sugar and fer-
gitidis, ;
purulent(V, Neumann. Rasmussenia buc- ments the products does not ferment milk-
;
calis, Saccardo. See Leptuthrix buccalis, sugar, aer., facatiaer. Saccharomyces

Robin. Rauschbrand-bacillus. See Ba- ruber, Demme. Found in milk and cheese,
cillus chau7'iei, Bollinger and Feser. Red forming red spots in the latter, and red sedi-
Bacillus of Water. See Bacillus ruber, ment in the former. tiligf. Sacchar-
Frank and Becker. Saccharomyces al- omyces vacciniae, Pfeifier. Found in the
bicans, Robin. Syn., Oidium albicans, lymph of a vaccinia pustule nothing is ;
Robin; the cause of thrush. Saccharomyces known of its action. Sarcina alba, Eisen-
apiculatus, Reess. Occurs in fermented berg. Found in air and water. aer. ,
wine and beer, and, in the hot seasons, on liqf., npg. Sarcina aurantiaca. Syn.,
sweet succulent fruits in winter, in the soil
; Orange Sarcina, Koch. Found in air and
beneath the trees that bear these fruits. water, aer. liqf. dig. (orange yellow), ;;/f^.
, ,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Reess and Sarcina aurea, Mace. Found in the pul-
Robin. Syn., Cryptococcus cerevisice, Kiitz- monary exudates of a person dead of a pneu-
ing, Cryptococcus fermentatum, torula cere- monia complicated with purulent pleurisy.
yeast plant.
7'isiie, Under this heading are aer., liqf-, chg. (brilliant golden yellow).
included a series of different yeasts. Sac- Sarcina botulina. Van den Corput. Found
charomyces conglomeratus, Reess. As in cases of poisoning with tainted sausage
Hansen's investigations {bottilismus) and believed to be the
the result of this active
BACTERIA BACTERIA
aênt. Cf. Bacillus of allantiasis . Sarcina Smegma bacillus. See Bacillus of the
Candida, Reinke. Found in tlic uir of smegma. Sphaerococcus acidi lactici,
breweries, aer., liqf., ti/^g. Sarcina cere- Marpmann. Found in froli cow's milk.
visiae, Lindner. Syn., lêdiococctis cercvisicc, aer., nliqf., npg. Sphserotilus natans,
Balcke. Found in beer and the air of brew- Kiitzing, Saccardo. 'r,y\\., Leptolhri.v natans.
eries, aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Sar- Found running and stagnant water.
in Old
cina flava, De Eary. Found in l)eer. aer. , portions yellowisii, younger portions color-
liqf., c/ii^: (yellow), n/ij^.Sarcina fusces- less. Spirillum
amyliferum, Van Tieghem.
cens, Falkenheim. Found in the human Found in water. Forms granulose at cer-
stomach. Sarcina hyalina, tain
Kiltzing. developmental stages gives the blue ;
Syn., Merismopedia hyalina, Kiitzing. reaction with iodin. Cf. Bacillus butyricus,
Found in swamps. Sarcina intestinalis, Prazmowski. Spirillum anserum. Syn.,
Zopf. P'ound in the intestines of chickens Spirochade anserina, Sakhar<jlT. l'"ound in
and turkeys, principally in the cecum. the blood of geese affected with a fatal fonn
Sarcina litoralis, Girstedt. Syn., Aleris- of septicemia due to this microbe. disease A
mopedia litoralis, Rabenhorst, Erythroconis, prevalent in the swampy regions of Caucasia.
CErstedt. Found in sea-water forms a thin ; aer., mot. pg. (not for chickens)
,
Spirillum .
reddish layer between decomposing algie on a of Weibel. See Spirillum saprophites u,

the shore. Sarcina lutea, Schroter. Found Weibel. Spirillum attenuatum, Warming.
in the air and in fungus cultures, aer., liqf., Found .sea water.
in Spirillum aureum.
eJi!^. (yellow), itpg. Sarcina minuta, be Syn., Vibrio aureus, Weibel. Found in the
Bary. Occurred spontaneously in a culture air and slime of sewers, aer., nliqf., nmot.,
of sour milk on a microscopic slide resem- ; chg. (golden yellow), npg. Spirillum /?
bles Sanina ivelckeri. Sarcina mobilis, of Weibel. See Spirillunt saprophiles ,i,
Maurea. Found in old ascitic fluid. aer., Weibel. Spirillum cholerse asiaticae,
liqf., mot., chg. (brick-red). Sarcina mor- Koch. Syn., Spirillum cholem. Spirillum
rhuae. Obtained from codfish. Sarcina of cholera. Bacillus of cholera, Comma
of the Lungs. See Sarcina pulmonum, bacillus of Koch. Found in the discharges
Ilauser. Sarcina of the Urine. See of cholera patients and in the intestines of
Sarcina urituc, Welcker. Sarcina palu- cholera cadavers. aer., facanaer., liqf.,
dosa, Schroter. Found in bog water. mot., pg. Spirillum concentricum,
Sarcina pulmonum, Mauser. Syn., Sar- Kitasato. Found
putrefying blood, aer.,
in
cina of the lungs. Found in sputum, aer. , nliqf., mot., npg. Spirillum denticola,
nliqf., npg. Sarcina reitenbachii, Cas- Miller ior. Spirillum dentium, Arnt.
pary. Syn., Alerismopedium reitenbachii. Syn., Spiroch(ete denticola. Spirochete den-
Found in fresh water on decaying jslants. tium. Found under the margins of the
Sarcina renis, Ilepworth. Found in the gums in the mouths of healthy persons ;
lungs of persons dead of pulmonary tuber- biologic characters unknown, as it does not
culosis. Sarcina rosea, Menge. Found thrive in culture fluids. Spirillum endo-
in milk and other food-stuffs. Held to be paragogicum, Sorokin. P'ound in a glairj',
distinct from the form described by Schroter. h(|uid exuding from a poplar tree. Spirillum
aer., liqf, chg. (rose-red), npg. Sarcina finkleri, Spirillum Finkler- Prior. Syn.,
rosea, Schroter. Found in the air. aer., Vibrio proteus. Bacillus of Finkler- Prior.
liqf, chg. (intense red, giving same reaction Found in the feces of persons affected widi
as the pigment of Sarcina auranfiaca'), npg. cholera nostras, after allowing the discharge
Sarcina urinae, \Velcker. Syn., Merismo- to stand for some time. aer. facanaer. , ,
pedia i/rincc, Ral)enhorst. Found in the liqf, mot. Pathogenetic relation not con-
bladder appears to be destitute of zymotic
;
firmed. Spirillum flavescens. Syn.,
action. Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Vibrio fla-c'escens, Weibel. Found in the
Common in the stomach of man and slime of sewers, aer., nliqf, nmot., chg.
animals. aer'., nliqf, npg. Sarcina (yellowish-green), npg. Spirillum flavum.
welckeri, Rossmann.
Repeatedly found Syn., Vibrio flavescens, Weibel.
Found in
in the human bladder and voided for the slime of sewers, aer., n'.iqf., nmot.. chg.
months at a time in the urine, which is (ochcr yellow), npg. Spirillum jenensis,
usually abnormally rich in phosph.ites, the Flirenberg. Syn., Ophidomoiuis Jciirnsis,
patient retaining good health. Scheutzia l^hrenbcrg. \ doubtful species. Spirillum
laughlini. Syn. Micrococcus of Dengue,
,
leukomelaenum, Perty. Found in water
Staphylococcus of Dengue, Dengue Micro- containing decaying alg;v. Spirillum
coccus. Found in the blood of jiatients suf- linguae. Syn., Vibrio lingua lis. I'ound in
on the of a mouse, alter
fering from dengue. I'atiiogiMU'tic relations the deposit tongue
not determined. Schweinerotlauf bacillus. inoculation. aer.. facanaer. nliqf., nmot., ,
See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch. npg. (for mice). Spirillum litorale. Warm-
BACTERIA BACTERIA
ing. Syn., Vibrio spirilhtin, Muller; Containing decaying plants, etc. Biologic
Melunella spiriUii))!, Borg. Found in bog characters not determined. Spirillum
water. Spirillum metschnikovi. Syn., sputigenum, Miller. Common in the neg-
Vibrio metschnikovi, Gameleia. Found in lected mouths of healthy persons. Does
the intestinal contents of chickens affected not grow on culture media. Spirillum
with an epidemic infectious disease re- tenue, Ehrenberg. Found in putrefying
sembling fowl cholera. aer., facanaer. plant infusions. Biologic characters unde-
{?), liqf., mot., pg. Spirillum nasale. termined. Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke.
Syn., Vibrio nasale, Weibel. Found in Spirillum of Denecke, Bacillus of cheese,
nasal mucus, acr., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., Denecke's cheese spirillum. Found in old
npg. Spirillum obermeieri, Cohn. Syn., cheese. aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., pg.
Spirochicta obermeieri. Spirillum of relaps- (for guinea pigs). Spirillum undula, Cohn,
ing fever. Found in the blood of persons Muller. Syn., Vibrio tindula, Muller;
affected with relapsing fever. aer., tnot., Vibrio prolifer, Ehrenberg. Found in zo-
(efforts to cultivate thus far unsuccessful) pg. , oglea masses in swamp water, vegetable in-
Spirillum of Asiatic cholera. Spirillum of fusions, etc. aer., mot., npg. Spirillum
cholera. See Spinlluni cholerce asiaticiF, violaceum, Warming. Found in brackish
Koch. Spirillum of Denecke. See Spir- water ;
cell contents violet, with a few sul-
illum tvrogeniim, Denecke. Spirillum of phur grains. Spirillum volutans, Ehren-
Finkler and Prior. See Spirillum Jinkleri. berg. Syn., Vibrio spirillum, Muller; ]\Ie-
Spirillum of Miller. Syn., Miller's bacil- lunella spirillum, Borg. Found in infusions
lus. Found in carious teeth, aer., fac- and in bog water. Biologic characters unde-
anaer., liqf, mot., npg. Spirillum of termined. Spirochaete anserina, Sakha-
Relapsing Fever. See SpirillurH obermeieri, roff. See Spirillum anscnim. Spirochaete
Cohn. Spirillum of Smith. Found in denticola, Miller, or Spirochaete dentium,
the intestines of swine, aer., nliqf., mot., Arnt. See Spirillum dentmm. Spirochaete
npg. Spirillum plicatile, Dujardin. Syn., obermeieri. See Spirilhnn obermeieri,
Spirochivte plicatilis, Ehrenberg Spirnlina ;
Cohn. Spirochaete plicatilis, Ehrenberg.
plicatilis, Cohn. Pound in water containing See Spirillum plicatile, Dujardin. Spiro-
decomposing algse. Biologic characters un- monas cohnii, Wârming. Found in foul
determined. Spirillum rosaceum. Ob- water. Spiromonas volubilis, Fertz.
served upon excrement in water, aer., dig. Found in putrefying infusions and in
bog
(red), npg. Spirillum rosenbergii, Wann- water. Sporonema gracile. Sec Bacillus
ing. Found in brackish water. Contains virens,\'an Tieghem. Staphylococcus
refractive sulphur grains, aer. , mot. Spir- albus liquefaciens, Escherich. Syn.,
illum roseum, Mace. Found in a tube White liquefying staphylococcus. Found in
culture of blennorrhagic pus. aer., 7iliqf., the alvine discharges of healthy infants, aer.,
mot., dig. (rose-red), npg. Spirillum liqf, npg. Staphylococcus biskrae.
rubrum, von Esmarch. Obtained from the See Jllicrococcus of Ilevdcnrcich. Sta-
putrefying body of a mouse-, aer. facanaer. , , phylococcus cereus albus, Passet. See
nliqf., mot., dig. (pink), npg. Spirillum Micrococcus cereus albus, Passet. Staphy-
rufum, Perty. Found in cistern water. lococcus cereus aureus, Schroter and
aer., tnot., dig. (rose-red), npg. Spirillum \\'inkler. See Micrococcus cereus aureus, S.
rugula, Miiller. Syn., J'ibrio rugula. and W. Staphylococcus cereus flavus,
Found in swamp water and frequently in the Passet. See Micrococcus cereus flavus, Vsls-
alimentary canal, on the teeth, etc. aer., set. Staphylococcus citreus. .See Micro-
facanaer., mot., npg. According to Praz- coccus citreus. List. Staphylococcus epi-
mowski this species gives rise to decomposi- dermidis albus, Welch. See Micrococcus
tion of cellulose. Spirillum sanguineum. pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. Staphylo-
See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Spir- coccus of Dengue, McLaughlin. See
illum saprophiles a of Weibel. Syn., Scheufzia laiighlini. Staphylococcus of
Vibrio saprophiles a of Weibel. Found in pemphigus, De Michele. Obtained from
rotting hay infusion and in the slime of the skin, kidney, and spleen of a case of
sewers, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Spirillum pemphigus chronica. Staphylococcus pas-
saprophiles /? of Weibel. Syn., Vibrio setti. ':^ce Micrococcus cereus flavus, Passet.
saprophiles (3, Weibel. Found in rotting hay Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, Rosen-
infusion, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Spiril- bach. See Micrococcus pyogenes albus,
lum saprophiles y of Weibel. Syn., Rosenbach. Staphylococcus pyogenes
Vibrio saprophiles y, Weibel. Found in the aureus, Ogston, Becker. See Micrococ-
slime of sewers, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. cus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Sta-
Spirillum serpens, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio phylococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet.
serpens, Miiller. Found in stagnant water See Micrococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet.
BACTERIA BACTERIA
Staphylococcus pyosepticus, Hericourt Sternberg. Obtained from the intestines and
and Richet. See Micrococcus pyosepticus, livers of yellow fever cadavers, aer. fac- ,
Richet. StapKylococcus salivarius pyo- anaer., liqf, npg. Streptococcus longus,

genes, Biondi. See Alicrococcus sa/iTarius von Lingelsheim. See .Micrococcus pyogenes,
pvot;-cncs, Biondi. Staphylococcus viridis Rosenbach. Streptococcus lucae. See
flavescens, Guttmann. Syn., Micrococcus Micrococcus ulceris mollis. Streptococcus
of chicken-pox. Found in the vesicles of manfredii. See Micrococcus manfredti.
varicella, acr., nliqf.,chg. (greenish-yellow), Streptococcus meningitidis. See Micro-
>//•,'-. Streptococcus acidi lactici, Clroten- coccus intercellularis meningitidis, Naumaiin
feldt. Found in coagulated milk in Finland. and Schaffer. Streptococcus monomor-
anacr. (not strictly), nliqf., iipg. Strep- phus, Bujwid, lleryng. Found in i>enign
tococcus aethebius. See Micrococcus urccc pharyngeal ulcers. npg. Streptococcus
liqucfacieus, Fliigge. Streptococcus albus, morbillosus. See Micrococcus of measles.
Maschek. Foundin hydrant water (Freiijurg). Streptococcus nocardi. See Micrococcus
aer., liqf-, npg. Streptococcus apthicola, mastobius, Nocard. Streptococcus ochro-
Hallier. See Streptocytus of eczema epizoo- leukus. See Micrococcus ochroleukus. Prove
tics, Schottelius. Streptococcus articu- and Legrain. Streptococcus of Bonome..
lorum, LolHer. Syn., Micrococcus of diph- ()btained from the exudations in the cerebro-
theria. Obtained from the affected mucous spinal meninges and from hemorrhagic extra-
memlirane in cases of diphtheria. Possiljly vasations in the lungs, in cases of epidemic
a of Micrococcus pyogenes, pg. (for
variety cerebrospinal meningitis. pg. (for white
mice). Streptococcus bombycis. See mice and rabjjits). Streptococcus of gran-
Micrococcus bombycis, Cohn. Streptococ- uloma fungoides, Rindlleisch and Auspetz.
cus brevis. Von Lingelsheim. Obtained See Streptococcus of mycosis fungoides.
from normal human saliva, aer., facanaer., Streptococcus of Manneberg. Obtained
nliqf., npg. Streptococcus cadaveris, from the urine inof acute nephritis.
cases
Sternberg. Found in the liver of a yellow- aer., facanaer., nliqf, pg. (for dogs and
fever cadaver, aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. rabbits). Streptococcus of Mastitis in
Probably identical with the preceding species. Cowrs. See Alicrococcus mastobiits, Xocard
Streptococcus cinnabareus. See Micro- and Mollereau. Streptococcus of Myco-
coccus cinuabareus, Fliigge. Streptococcus sis fungoides. Streptococcus of granuloma-
coli gracilis, Esclierich; Found in the fungoides, Rindfleiscii and Auspetz. Found
feces of healthy children living on a meat in the capillaries and subcutaneous tissue in
diet, aer., facanaer., liqf., npg. Strep- tlie parts affected by this disease. Not suf-
tococcus conglomeratus, Kurth. Ob- ficiently investigated. Streptococcus of
tained from cases of scarlet fever, pg. (for Pus. See Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge.
mice). Streptococcus coronatus, Fliigge. Streptococcus perniciosus psittacorum,
See Micrococcus coronatus, Fliigge. Strep- Eberth and Wolf. See .Micrococcus psittaci.
tococcus coryzae contagiosae equorum, Wolf. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Weich-
Schiitz. Found in the pus from affected lym- selbaum. See Alicrococcus pyogenes, I'lugge.
phatic glands in horses suffering with the dis- Streptococcus putrefaciens. Micrococ-
ease known in Germany as Driise des Pferdes. cus of putrefaction. Refers to any one of
aer., facajiacr., pg. (for horses and mice), the many micrococci found in putrefying sub-
npg. (for rabbits, guinea pigs, and pigeons). stances. Streptococcus pyogenes, Rosen-
Streptococcus endocarditicus. See Mi- bach. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach.
crococcus endocarditicus rugatus, Weichsel- Streptococcus pyogenes, Saccardo. See
baum. Streptococcus erysipelatis (ery- Micrococcus septicus, Fliigge. Streptococcus
sipelatos), Fehleisen. See Microc(<ccus pyogenes maligni, Krause and Fliigge.
pyogenes, Rosenbach. Streptococcus fer- Found in necrotic masses in a leukemic
menti. Sec Micrococcus viniperda. Strep- spleen, pg. (for mice and rabbits). Strep-
tococcus giganteus urethrse, Lustgarten tococcus pyogenes ureae, Riirsing. Found
and Manneberg. Found in tlie healthy in purulent urine. Cf. Micrococcus pyogenes
human urethra, aer., npg. Streptococcus itreicflavus, Riirsing. Streptococcus radi-
havaniensis, Sternberg. Found in the acid atus. See Micrococcus radiatus, I*'liigge.
vomit of a yellow-fever patient. Biologic Streptococcus rubiginosus, Edington.
characters undetermined. Streptococcus in- I'ound in cases of scarlatina, npg. Does
sectorum, liurrill. See Micrococcus insecto- not api)car till late in tlie disease. Strep-
ritin, Ilurrill. Streptococcus kochii. See tococcus seiferti. See Microeocius in/lu-
Micrococcus of septicemia in rabbits, KocJi. enztc, Leizericli. Streptococcus septicus,
Streptococcus lanceolatus pasteuri, Fliigge. See Micrococcus sefficus, Miigge.
Gamaleia. See Bacillus scpticus sputigenus, Streptococcus septicus liquefaciens,
Fliigge. Streptococcus liquefaciens, Babes. Obtained from tlie IiKkhI and viscera
BACTERIA BACTERIOID
of a child that died of septicemia following Vibrio aureus, \Yeibel. See Spirillum
scarlatina. ae7-., liqf-, fg. (for mice and aureuin. Vibrio bacillus, Miiller, Ehrenberg.
rabbits). Streptococcus septopyaemicus. See Bacillus ulna, Cohn. Vibrio cholerae.
See Micrococcus seplopyicmicm, Biondi. See Spirillum ckolene asiaticir, Koch.
Streptococcus toxicatus. See Micrococcus Vibrio cyanogenus, Ehrenberg. See
toxicatus, liurrill. Streptococcus ureae. Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs. Vibrio flaves-
See Alicrococciis ttrecs, Cohn. Streptococ- cens, Weibel. See Spirillum Jlavescens,
cus ureae rugosus, Rorsing. Found in Weibel. Vibrio flavus, Weibel. See
urine. Streptococcus vermiformis, Ma- Spirillum flavuiii, Weibel. Vibrio lineola,
schek. Found ill liydrant water (Freiburg), aer. Miiller and Ehrenberg. See Bacterium
liqf. , iipg. Streptocytus of Eczema epizoo- lineola, Cohn. Vibrio lingualis. See
tica, SchotteliuB. Syn., Streptococcus apthi- Spirillum lingucF, Weibel. Vibrio met-
cola, liallier. Micrococcus of foot-and-mouth schnikovi, Gamaleia. See Spirillum met-
disease. Found in vesicular eruptions about schnikovi, Gamaleia. Vibrio nasalis, Wei-
themouth and feet of cattle, pigs, and sheep. bel. See Spirillum nasale, Weibel. Vibrio
Communicable to man. aer., facaiiacr. proteus. See Spirillum finkleri. Vibrio
Pathogenesis not fully settled. Cf ]jacillus rugula, Miiller. See Spirillum rugula,
of ulcerative stomatitis of cattle. Strepto- Miiller. Vibrio saprophiles a, Weibel.
thrix foersteri, Cohn. See Cladotln-ix p\cr- See Spirillutn saprophiles a, Weibel. Vibrio
steri,Cohn. Swine Plague Schizophyte, saprophiles /?, Weibel. See Spirillutn
Detmers. See Bacillus of swine plague, saprophiles j3, Weibel. Vibrio saprophiles
Marseilles, Rielsch, and Jobert. Syphilis }, Weibel. See Sjiirillum saprophiles y,
Bacillus. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lust- Weibel. Vibrio serpens, Miiller. See
garten. Syphilis Bacillus of Eve and Spirillum serpens, Miiller. Vibrio syn-
Lingard. Obtained from the blood and cyanus, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus cyanoge-
diseased tissues of syphilitic persons who nus, Fuchs. Vibrio synxanthus, Ehren-
have not undergone mercurial treatment. berg. See Bacillus svn.xanthus, Ehrenberg
aer., dig. (pale yellow or brown). Patho- and Schroter. Vibrio tremulans, Ehren-
genetic relations not settled. Not stained by berg. See Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Vibrio
Lustgarten's method; capable of develop- undula, Miiller. See .Spirillum undula,
ment on blood-serum. Tetanus Bacillus. Miiller. Vibrio Xanthogenus, Fuchs.
See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Thiothrix Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and
nivea. See Beggiatoa nivca, Rabenhorst. Schroter. Violet Bacillus. See Bacillus
Thiothrix tenuis, Winogradsky. Found janthinus, Zopf. Zooglcea capillorum,
in sulphur springs. Thiothrix tenuissima, liuhl. See Palmellina capillorum, Radl-
Winogradsky. Found in suljihur springs. kofer. Zooglcea termo, Miiller, Cohn.
Torula cerevisiae. See Saccliai-oniyces cere- See Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Zooglcea
visiiv, Reess and Robin. Torula ureae, ramigera. A tree-like variety of Cladothrix
Pasteur. See Micrococctis urece, Cohn. dichotoma. Zoogalactina imetropa, Sette.
Tubercle bacillus. See Bacillus tuberculo- See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg.
sis, Koch. Typhus bacillus. See Bacillus Bacteriaceae (liak-te-re-a'-se-e') l_liaKTf/piov, a
typhi ahdoDiiualis, I']bcrtli. Tyrothrix cat- little
stick]. The Schizomycetes.
enula. T. claviformis. T. distortus. T. Bacterial {bak-te' -re-al) [jSaK-i/pior, a little
filiformis. T. geniculatus. T. scaber. T. stick]. Resembling, of the nature of, or
tenuis.
T^ turgidus. T. urocephalus. T. derived from bacteria.
virgula. ^;jkSee the corresponding terms Bactericidal {bak-te-ris-i'-dal) [i3aKT//pio7',
under Bacillus. Ulvina aceti, Kiitzing. a little stick ; ciedere, to kill]. Destructive
See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. Urobacillus to bacteria.
duclauxi, Miquel. Found in sewage and Bactericide [bak-te'-ris-id) a
[ftohTi/iim]',
river water, aer.,
facanaer. mot., liqf.
,
little stick ; ccrdere, to kill]. Destructive
I.
Pathogenesis not determined. Urobacillus to bacteria. 2. An agent that destroys bac-

freudenreichii, Miquel. Obtained from air, teria.
dust, sewage, aer. , liqf. ,7iiot. Pathogene- Bacteridium (bak-ter-id' -e-nvi) [^(3aKTT/piov, a
sis not determined. Urobacillus maddoxi, little According to Davaine, a genus
stick].
Miquel. Obtained from sewage and river of Bacteriacece characterized by immobility
water, aer., liqf.,viot. Pathogenesis not of the elements at all periods of their exist-
detemiined. Urobacillus pasteuri, Miquel. ence. The distinction does not now obtain.
Obtained from decomposing urine, aer., Bacterioid {bak-te^-re-oid) \_8aKT7ipLOV, a little
liqf., tnot. Pathogenesis not determined. stick eh)oQ, form].
; Applied to certain
Urobacillus schutzenbergii, Miquel. Ob- microorganisms flourishing in and around the
tained from sewage and river water, aer., roots of leguminous plants, assisting in the
liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. accumulation of nitrogen, and giving rise to
BACTERIOLOGIST BALSAM
tubercles. They may be cultivated in artifi- penis; iri^, inflajnmation]. Inflammation of
cial media like ordinary bacteria. the glans penis.
Bacteriologist {Jiak-tc-rc-ol' -o-jist) \_âK.riipiov, Balanoblennorrhea {bal-au-o-blcno-rc' -ah)
a little stick; A(i}-of, science]. One who liid/jivor, the glans; ji'Ahwa, mucus; Jmia, a
makes a special study of bacteriology. flow]. (Gonorrheal balanitis.
Bacteriology (bak-te-re-ol' -o-je) \_>iaKTin)Lov , Balanoplasty {bal an'-o-plas-tJ) [,?d/./ji'Of,
a little stick ; ?.o;'of, science]. The science the glans penis; K'K(waEiv,\.o
form]. Plastic
concerned with the study of bacteria. surgery of the glans penis.
Bacterioprotein te re o -pro'- te - - -
Balanoposthitis
(Întk in) {bal-an-o-pos-thi' -lis) [,3a-
\_;iiiKr//itu)r,
a little stick
Tvpuro^, first]. ; A '/Mvoc, the glans penis TtoaHii, prepuce
; iriq, ;
protein contained in bacteria. inflammation]. Inflammation of the glans

Bacteriopurpurin (bak-te-re-o-per' -pu-rin') penis and of the prepuce.
[jSaiiTr/piiir,
a little stick; purpura, purple]. Balantidium {''ul-an-liii'-e-uni) ^âkavTifiiav,
A peach-colored pigment found by Lankester dim. of j-id/MVTMv, a bag]. A genus of pro
in the protoplasm of /?<;j,'^''/<7/<7« roscopersicina. tozoa. B. coli, a protozoan parasite that
It is insoluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, inhabits the intestine of the pig.
ammonia, acetic ajid sulphuric acids. Balbuties [bal-bu'-she-ez) \balbutire, to stam-
Bacterioscopic [Îxikte-re-o-skop' -ik') \_iiaK- mer]. Stammering.
rl/piov,a little stick ; aKoiTElv, to view]. Baldness {bawU'-ues) [ME., baUc, bald].
Pertaining to bacterioscopy. Loss of hair alopecia.
;
Bacterioscopy [bak-le-rc-os'-ko-pe) [;?«/vt//- Ball [Imwl) [Mb:., bul'\. An object having

p!ov, a little stick ; (7\0Tea', to view]. The a round or spheric shape. B.-and-Socket
microscopic study of bacteria. Joint. See Diarthrosis and Enarthrosis.
Bacteriotherapy [bak-te-re o-tJier' -ap-e)\_iiaK- B. Thrombus. See Thrombus.
T//p/nv, a little stick ; depaweia, treatment]. Ballottement {bal-ol'-fnon{g) ) [Fr. from ,
The treatment of disease by the introduction ballotte, a ball]. A method of

diagnosticat-
of bacteria into the system. ing ]iregnancy from the fourth to the eighth
Bacterium (l>ak-te'-re-ui>i) \_fiaKri]piov, a little month. A
push is given the uterus by the
stick; dim. of i3nKr//pia, a stick, staff: //. , finger inserted into the vagina, and if the
Bactt'j'ia]. I. A
unicellular vegetable mi- fetus be present, it will rise and fall again
croorganism. The word is a generic term like a heavy body in water.
and includes the groups bacillus, coccus, and Balm [bah/ii) \Ju}lsainum, a balsam]. I. A
spirillum. 2. Formerly, a genus of fimgi popular synonym of bahantitm. 2. Any

characterized by inflexible linear filaments. soothing application or ointment. B. of
Bacteroid {hak' -ter-oid) l_pnnT/jptov, a little Gilead. See Balsatn, Abies, and Melissa.
stick ; flih^, form]. Resembling bacteria. Balneography [bal-ne-og' -ra-fe) [^bahietim, a
Bael (/>a'-e/). See BtVa. bath ;
a writing].
ypd/, A treatise on
Bag (/"?;'-) [AS., baVo-]. I. A sac. 2. The bathing and baths.
scrotum. B., Barnes's. A rubber bag Balneology -
{^bal-ne-ol' o-je) [balneum, a
shaped somewhat like a lyre, used for dilat- hath ; XdyoQ, science]. The science of baths
ing the cervical canal. B., Politzer's, a soft and their eff'ects upon the system.
rubber bag for inflating the middle ear. B. of Balneotherapy [bal-ne-o-lher'-ap-e) [/W-
Waters, the fetal membranes enclosing the neum, a bath Ofpn-eln, treatment]. System-
;
liquor amnii and projecting through the os atic liathing for therapeutic pui poses, or the
uti'ri early in labor. The sac usually ruptures treatment of disease by baths.
when the cervix is dilated. Balneum {bal' -ne-u>n) [L.].
A bath. See
Bagnio (/;i7«''-_y^) \\\..,ha^no\ I. A house Bath. B. arenae, a sand-i)ath. See Am-
of prostitution. 2. A bath-house. mofhcrapv. B. lacteum, a milk-bath. B.
Bakers' Itch. An eczematous affection of the luteum, a mud-bath. B. pneumaticum,
hands, caused by the irritation of the yeast. an air-bath.
B. Leg, knock-knee, or genu valgum. B. Balsam {lia^vl'-sam') [,9(i/lCTa«oi',
the resin of
Salt, a synonym of smelling salts, or the car- the balsam tree]. The resinous, volatile,
bonate of ammonium; it is sometimes used aromatic substance, liquid or soli<l, obtained
by ijakers in leavening cakes. from certain trees by natural exudation or by
Balance two artificial extraction, lialsams are divided
[bal'-ans) \_hilanx, having
scales]. I. An
instrument for weighing. into two classes, those with, and those with-
2. The harmonious adjustment of related out benzoic and cinnamic acids. In genci-al
parts. they are mixtures of various essential oils,

Balanic (/laF-aii -ik) \_3a'âvo(:, the glans resins, and acids. B. Apple, the plan!
penis]. Pertaining totheglansof the penis Afomordira balsamina, and its warly, gounl-
or of the clitoris. like fruit. It is purgative, but
its tincture is
Balanitis [Iml-an-i'-tis) the glans chiefly used in domestic

medicine as a vul-
[^jidAavcg,
BALSAMATION BANDAGE
nerary. Unof. B. Bog, a singular stone- popular name for many tree-like, woody-
like, woody, umbelliferous plant, Bolax, or stemmed grasses, those of the
especially
Azo7-ella glebaria, of the Falkland Islands genus Bainbiisa. B.
ariindinacea is em-
and Patagonia. Its aromatic gum is locally ployed as an alterative, anthelmintic, and de-
prized as a vulnerary, desiccative, and anti- purative. Unof. B. Brier, the root of Smilax
gonorrheal remedy. Unof. B., Canada, a sarsaparilla, habitat. Southern United States.
turpentine gathered from the natural blisters Its properties are identical with those of
of the bark of Abies bahannim. It is used sarsaparilla. Dose of the fid. ext. fzss-ij
as a mounting-medium by microscopists. (2.0-8.0). Unof
B. of Copaiba. See Copaiba. B. of Fir. Banana (batt-a7i' -ah) [Sp.]. The fruit of
Same as Canada Balsam. B., Friar's. the common banana, sapientn?ii, said
Jl/iisa
See Benzoin. B. of Gilead, the balm to be a valuable alterative, and useful in
of the Old Testament an oleoresin ob-
;
strumous affections. Dose of the fid. ext.
tained from the Balsamodendron gileadense. n\^x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Unof
B. of Peru, the balsam obtained from Band {band) [ME., bande\ That which
Mvroxylon pereinv ; antiseptic, stimulant to binds. A
stripe. A
ligament. B., Axis,
the circulation, and sedative to the nervous the primitive streak. B., Belly, a flan-
system, tonic, and expectorant. Applied nel band wound around the abdomen. B.,
locally, it is useful in chronic inflammatory Head, a strap for securing a mirror to the
skin-diseases. Uose of the emulsion TTLx- forehead. B., Horny, of Tarinus, the fore
XXV (0.65-I.6). B. Root, a popular name part of the ta:nia semicircularis. B., Moder-
for certain composite-flowered plants of the ator. See B.,ReiVs. B., Reil's, a fibro-
genus BaIsamo)-r/iiza. B. hookcrii, B. muscular fillet that frequently extends across
viacrophylla, B. sagittata are common in the the right ventricle of the heart it is also
;
Pacific States and abound in a resinous bal- called the moderator band. B. of Remak.
sam. Unof. B. of Tolutan, or of Tolu, See Fiber, axial ; also Pttrkinje, Axis Cyl-
obtained from Alyroxylon toluifera. Its pro- inder of.B. of Tarinus. See B., Horny.
perties are due to a volatile oil, toluene. Bandage {ban' -daj) [Fr., bande, a strip].
It possesses an agreealile odor, and is a basis Bandages are usually strijisof muslin or other
for many cough-mixtures. It is expectorant. material, of vaiying widths and lengths, used
Tinct. tolutana contains 10 per cent, of the in surgery for the purpose of protecting, com-
balsam in 90 per cent, of alcohol. Dose pressing, etc., a part, or for the retention of
TT\^x-xxx (o 65— 2.0). .S"]-;'. toliitanus. Dose dressnigs and applications. A sifnple ban-
f3J-iJ (4-c^8.o). dage or roller consists of one piece a eo?n- ;
Balsamation [baral-sam-a^ -shun) [fta'/nn/iov, ponnd, of two or more pieces. S/arek,

the resin of the balsam tree]. Embalmment plaster-of- Paris, siliea, dextrin, fripolifh, etc.,
with balsamic or aromatic spices. etc. , are used for making stiff and ivinionable
Balsamic (baivl-sa/n^-ic) [;3«/CTn//o;', the resin dressings or bandages. According to their
of the balsam tree]. Having the nature or direction bandages are classed as I. Cireu-
:
qualities of a lialsam. /riT, circular turns about the part. 2. Figiire-

Balsamodendron (haiol - sain-o-den' -dron). of-S, the turns crossing each other like the
See Alyrrlt and Bdellium. figure 8. 3. Oblique, covering the part by ob-
Balsamum [hal^-sai!i-u»i) \_Pii7.Gnnov, bal- lique turns. 4. JReciirrent, the turns return-
sam]. A balsam. B. dipterocarpi. See ing successively to the point of origin. 5-
(ii/rjnn Balsam. Spica, the turns resembling the arrangement
Balser's Fat-Necrosis, iêe Diseases, Table of the husks of an ear of corn. 6. Spiral,
cf- each turn covering one-half of the preceding.

Bamberger's Fluid. An albuminous mer- 7. Spiral reverse, the bandage is reversed in
curic compound used in the treatment of order better to adapt it to the part. Ban-
syphilis. It is 'made as follows : To 100 dages are also classed according to the part
c.c. of a filtered solution of
white of egg (con- to which they are ap[)lied. B., Genga's.
taining 40 c.c. of albumin and 60 c.c. of See B., Theden's. B., Heliodorus's, the
water) there are added 60 c.c. of a solution T-bandage. B., Hueter's, a spica bandage
of mercuric chlorid (containing 5 per cent., for the perineum. B., Langier's, a many-
or 3 grams, of bichlorid of mercury) and 60 tailed paper bandage. B., Larrey's, a form
c.c. of a solution of sodium chlorid (con- of many-tailed bandage, the edges being
taining 20 per cent.) finally, 80 grams of
; gkied together. B., Maisonneuve's, a
distilled water are added, which brings the variety of plaster-of- Paris bandage, formed
bulk of the solution up to 300, containing from cloths folded, these being supported
o.oio mercuric chlorid in every cubic centi- by other bandages. B., Recurrent, is used 1
of
meter. after amputations, to support the flaps
Bamboo {barn-boo') [E. Ind. , banibu']. A the stump. B., Richet's, a form of plaster-
BANDAGE BANDAGE
Crossed Bandage of Both Eyes. Barton's Bandage.
T-Bandage of the Eye. The Six-tailed Bandage of Galen.
Recurrent Bandage of the Head. — (Moullin.) Transverse Recurrent Bandage of the Head.-
(Moullitt.)
Four-tailed Bandage of the Head.

Agnew's Bandage.— (j1/o»<//i«.)
Four-tailed Bandage of the Head. Gibson's Bandage.— (i)/<;«//i»«.)

BANDAGE BANDAGE
Anterior Figure-of-S Bandage of the Chest. Posterior Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Chest
Spica Bandage of Shoulder.
Suspensory and Compressor Bandage of the

Breast.
Velpeau's Bandage.
Spiral Bandage of the Chest.
DesauU's Bandage. Double Spica Bandage of the Groins.

BANDAGE BANDAGE
Eight-tailed Bandage of the Abdomen.— (Moullm.) Ascending Spica Bandage of the Groin.— (j1/ciu//in.)
Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Elbow. — (MouZlin.)
Gantlet Bandage.
Spiral Bandage of the Finger.
Spica Bandage of the Thumb— {//orwH*-) Demigantlel liuiKUn;e.

BANDAGE BANDAGE
Recurrent Bandage of Stump
Modified Figure-of-S Bandage of the

—
Lower Extremity. (Afoullin.)
Spica Bandage of the Foot.

— (Moullin.)
Spiral Reversed Bandage of the Forearm (or Leg).

— (MouiltH.)
Bandage of An\iW.—{Horzvitz.) Esmarch's Bandage. — {Horwitz^

Figure-of-8
BANEBERRY BAROGRAPH
of- Paris bandage to whicli a stnall ainomitof Barberry {bar'-ber-e). See Berberis. B.
gelatin has been added. B. of Scultetus, Gum, a commercial name of cerlain varie-
a compound bandage, similar to a spiral ties of gum-arabic.
reverse in appearance and action, used in Bardana {bar-da'-nah) [1,.]. The burdock.
compound fractures, so that the short pieces See Lappa.
of which composed may
it is be removed Baregin {bar-a'-zhin). See Glaisin.
without motion of the limb. T. -Bandages Baresthesiometer {bar-es-tlw-ze-om'-et-er)
bandages shaped like the letter T. B., The- weight
[,:((i/K)f, alothiniq,
;
perception ;
den's, a form of roller bandage applied from lii-[Mv, a
measure]. An instrument for esti-
below upward over a graduated compress, to mating the sense of weight or [ire.ssure.
contiol hemorrhage from a limb. a' Baric
(l'"or {ba'-rik) [/:i(i/>'-r, weight], rertaininy
more complete description of bandages, with to or containing barium.
illustrations, see Go/i/i/'s Illustrated Dic- Barilla {bar- i? -ah) [Fr.., barille, impure
tionary.) soda]. The ashes obtained by burning vari-
Baneberry (Jmn'-her-e). See Acta:a. ous chenopodiaceous plants of the genera
Bang, Bhang, or Bangue [bang). See Salicornia and Salsola. They contain
Cannabis indica. about 30 per cent, of .sodium carbonate.
Banian {J>a?i'-yan) [Ar. , (Jif/zn'^w, a trader]. Barium {ba'-re-uni) \jâiim:, weight]. Ba =
A South Asiatic fig-tree. Finis boigahwisis, y6.8; (juantivalence 11. A
metal of the
remarkable for the development of roots and group of alkaline earths, of
pale, yellow
secondary trunks from its branches. The color, characterized by a strong affinity
bark and seeds are tonic, diuretic, and anti- for oxygen. The salts are E.
poisonous.
pyretic. Unof. Carbonate, BaC03, used in the pre[)ara-
Bantingism [ban^-fing-izi/i) [froin Banting, tion of the chlorid. B. Chlorid, l!aCI.^.-
the name of the inventor]. A method for the used as a test for sulphates,
2II,/), soluble,
treatment of obesity, consisting in the absti- which it precipitates as barium sulphate,
nence from saccharine and farinaceous foods. and also as a cardiac and vasomotor stimu-
Banyan {ban' -y an). See Banian. lant. Dose gr. ss-v (0.032-0.32). B. Hy-
Baobab Tree. See Adansonia digitafa. drate, Ba(OH).,, caustic baryta; a crystalline
Baptin {bap' -tin) \_.VL-rLCjiq, a dipj)ing]. substance, soluble in water, and u.sed as a
A purgative glucosid, obtainable from Bap- test for sulphates, which it
precipitates as
fisia tiiictoria. barium sulphate. B. lodid, formerly used
Baptisia {bap-tiz'-e-ah) [/3(i7rr<(T/c, a dipping]. as an alterative. Dose gr. \ (o.ooS). It is
Wild Indigo. The root bark of B. tinctoria employed in ointments. Unof. B. Oxid,
the properties of which are due to an impure BaO, baryta. B. Sulphate, P.aSO^.
glucosid, the so-called Baptisin. It is laxative Bark {bark) [MF., barke'\. I. The cortex
•and stimulant in moderate doses; emetic and or covering surrounding the wood of exo-
cathartic in large doses, and is used in genous trees. 2. A synonym of cinchona
amenorrhea, typhus and typhoid fevers, and or calisaya bark. B., Peruvian. .See
as a local application to indolent ulcers and Cinchona. (For other barks, see the names
gangrenous sores. B., Extract. Dose gr. of the plants or trees that produce theni.)
j-x (0.065-0.65). B., Ext. Fid. Dose Barley (^bar'-le) [ME., barly\ A cereal be-
Tt\_ij-xx (0.13-1.3). B., Tinct. Dose longing to the order Graniinea ; the most
Tt\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). Dose of the resin gr. common variety, Hordeuni distichon, is used
j-v (0.065-0.32). All unof. as a food, and also in the ]ireparation
Baptisin {bap'-tiz-in) [/3rt7r7/cr;f, a dipping]. of malt. B. Decoct. (B. P.). I)t).se f,^j-
1. A precipitate from the tincture of iv B., Pearl, is the decorti-
Baptisia (32.0-128.0).
tinctoria ; antiseptic, purgative, ecbolic, re- cated grain, rounded and polished. B.
solvent. Dose
gr. j-iij (0.065-0.2). Unof. Water, decoctiiin hordei, a decoction consist
2. A glucosid obtainable from the
bitter ing of two ounces of Pearl B. boiled in one
plant, Baptisia tinctoria ; it has little medici- and one-half pints of water and afterward
nal activity. strained. It is used as a demulcent and food
Baraquet {bar-ah-kwet') [Fr.]. Synonym in the diarrheas of children.

of Injluenza. Barnes's Curve \^Barnes, an English ob-
Barba {bar'-bali) [L.]. The beard. stetrician]. In obstetrics, the segment of
Barbadoes Leg {bar -ba'-doz leg). See a circle, having for its center tlie sacral
Elephantiasis Arabian. B. Aloes. See its concavity looking backward.
]iromontory,
Aloes. B. Nut. See Purging lYiit. B.'s Dilators, graduated rulii>er bags used
Barbaloin {bar-bal'-o-in) \_Barbadoes ; ciMr/, for dilating the cervix uteri in the induction
aloe], (-"|-II.^|,Oj. The aloin derived from of abortion or premature labor.

liarbadoes aloes. Barograph {bar'-o-grat')\&'i\M>;, weight jywi- ;
Barber's Itch {bar'-berz ich). Tinea barbcX\ </>tYi',

to record]. A self-registering l>aromel«r.
BAROMETER BASILAR
Barometer {jHtr-oin' -et-er^ [/Japof weight ; ,
Basal [ba'-sal] [/?d(T/f, a foundation]. Per-
iiiTtKw, a measure]. An instrument for detaining to or located at the base. B. Ganglia,
termining the weight and tension of the the optic thalamus and corpus striatum of the
It consists essentially of a glass brain.
atmosphere.
tube about 36 inches long, closed at one Bascule Movement (bas'-kfd moov'-f)ienf)
end, tilled with mercury, and inverted in a [Fr., bascule, a swing]. The recoil of the
basin of mercury. The mercury will sink heart in its systolic motion.
in the tube until it rests at a height of about Base a foundation].

{Itcu) [/i«(7if, The low-
30 inches (760 mm.) at the sea-level, the est part ofa body or the foundation upon
height varying as the atmospheric pressure which anything rests. In chemistry, an ele-
increases or diminishes. B., Aneroid, a ment or radicle that combines with an acid
metallic box from which the air has been to form a salt. The electropositive mole-
exhausted, the tension being indicated by the cule or radicle of a compound. In phar-
collapsing or bulging of the thin corrugated macy, the most important part of a pre-
cover, which is connected with a movable scrijition.
index. B. -maker's Disease, a form of Basedow's Disease. Exophthalmic Cloiter,
chronic mercurial poisoning among the work- or Graves' Disease. See Goiter and Dis-
men who make barometers. It is due to the eases, Table of.
inhalation of the fumes of mercury. Basement [bas'-mefif) [Fr. ,
bassemeiit\
Barometrograph {bar-o-met' -fo-graf). See The fundamental portion. B. Membrane.
Baro:j;raph. See Membrane.
Baroscope [bar' -o-skop) \flapn<:, weight ; Bas-fond [ba/ifonig)) [Fr.]. The floor 01
CKOTTEiv,to observe]. An
instrument used lowest portion of the urinary bladder.
for detennining the loss of weight of a body Basham's Mixture. Liquor ferri et ammo-
in air, compared withweight in a vacuum.
its nii acetatis.
A form of baroscope has been invented by Basial [ba'-ze-al) [finaig, a foundation]. Re-
Esbach for the quantitative determination of lating to a base, or to the basion.
urea. Basic [ba'-sik) [/i(if7/f, a foundation]. Hav-
Barosma [bar-oz' -7naJi) \fiapoc, weight; oajii], ing properties of a base ; /. e. capable of ,
smell]. A plant of the order Riitaccir, neutralizing acids.

native to the Cape of Good Hope and vicinity, Basicity [bas-is'-it-e) [/Jnor^f, foundation], i.
several species of which yield the Buchu of The quality of being basic. 2. The com-
commerce. bining power of an acid.
Barosmin (/^^r-^3'-w/«)[/?rt/J0f, weight; 6ff/<//,
Basicranial [bas-e-kra' -ne-al) [ftdair, founda-
smell]. A precipitate from the tincture of tion ; Kpaviov, the skull]. Relating to the
Barosma crenata. Dose grs. ij-iij (o. I3— base of the skull. B. Axis, a line running
0.2). Unof. from a point midway between the occipital
Bartholin, Duct of {bar'-tJio-Vni). An ex- condyles thrt)ugh the median jilane to the
cretory duct of the sublingual gland emptying junction of the ethmoid and presphenoid.
into Wharton's duct. B., Glands of, the Basifacial {bas e-/a''-sl/al)l_jSdaic,{ounduiion ;
vulvovaginal glands, a pair of glands situated fades, face]. Pertaining to the lower por-
at the entrance of the vagina, one on each tion of the face. B. Axis, in craniometry,
side, and corresponding to Cowper's glands a line from the anterior point of the ])reniax-
in the male. illa to the anterior point of the basicranial axis.
Barton's Fracture. See Diseases, Table of. Basihyal {l>as-e-hi'-al) [/3d(T(f, foundation ;
Baruria (Imr-u'-re-aJi) \8apoq, weight ovpov, ; voetMjq, from v, upsilon f^rfof, resemblance].
;
urine]. The passage of urine having a high Either one of the two bones, one on each
specific gravity ;
also the condition of the side, that form the principal part of the body
body associated therewith. of the hyoid arch.
Baryencephalia {l>ar - e - en -
sef-a'
- le -
all) Basihyoid See Basihyal.
[bas-e-hi'-oid').
[/?«piif, heavy; kyKkâXoq, brain]. Dulness Basilar [has' -il-ar) foundation]. Per-
\jidaiq,
of intellect. taining to the base. B. Artery. See Arter-
Baryglossia [bar-e-glos' -e-aJi)\_âpvq, heavy; ies, Table of. B. Membrane, a membranous
y7.ii(jna, a tongue]. Thick, slow utterance. division -wall separating the scala vestibuli
Barylalia [bar-e-la'-le-ali) [/japrf, heavy ;
from the scala tympani, extending from the
^mTiici, speech]. Thickness of speech. base to the apex of the cochlea, and support-
Baryta, or Barytes {bar-i' -tah, or bar-V-fes) ing the organ of Corti. B. Process, a
[liap'vc, heavy]. Oxid of barium. See strong quadrilateral plate of bone in front
BariuDi. of the foramen magnum. B. Suture, the
Barythymia [bar
- e - tJii'- me -
a/i) [(iap'v^, suture formed by the junction of the basilar
heavy; Ov/tur, mind]. A melancholy, process of the occi[)ital bone with the ]ios-
gloomy, or sullen state of mind. terior surface of the body of the sphenoid.
I
BASILATERAL BATH
Basilateral {Jnis-c-lai^ -L-r-al") [/'Wir/r, founda- Basophile {bas'-o-fil). See Basophili>us.
tion ; /.//// v,
side]. IJotli basilar and lateral.
Basophilic {bas-o-fil' -ic) [/<<iff(r, founrlalion;
Basilic {l>as il'-ik) royal]. Illus- ipuitiv, to love].
[,/5'«ff/?i;/vof, Combining readily wiib
trious euiinent.
;
B. Vein, a lar<j;e vein of bases stainable by means of basic
;
dyes.
the arm on the inner side of the biceps. Basophilous {bas-off' -il-us) {jiunir, founda
Basilicon Ointment (i>as-il'-ik-on oint'- tion (piAitw, to Stained baîc
;
love]. by
inen/). Ceratum resime. Itconsistsof resin 35 rather than by aciil dyes.
ijraras, yellow wax 15 ji;ranis, lard 50 s^rain.s. Bass-deafness (bds-i/e/'^-nes)[VT., basse, fem.
Basilysis [has-il'-is-ts) \_,i(iaLr, foundation ; of bc7s, low ;
M
E (/ie/"\. Deafness to certain
.
,
'/ibaig, a loosening]. The breaking up of bass-notes, the perception of the higher notes
the fetal skull in craniotomy. being retained.
Basilyst [bas'-il-ist) [_3dat(;, foundation; Bassorin {bns^-o-rin) [Bassora, an Asiatic
Ai'ff/f) a loosening]. An instrument for use town] C,;II,„(V or 2CsH,oO.. A tasteless,
in perforating the cranial vault and breaking odorless, vegetai)le nniciiage, insoluble in cold
up the iiase of the skull. water, but rendered soluble by alkalies; il is
Basin I. The third found in
[ba^-siti) \Jsi\L., basinl. gum-tragacanth (of Bassora) and in
2. The pelvis. B.-
ventricle of the brain. cherry and plum gums.
Trap, a trap or seat in the outlet of the basin Bast {bast) [AS., bccst, a lime-tree]. The
of a water-closet, placed there to prevent the inner bark of exogenous plants. The fibrous
escape into the apartment of noxious and parts of the bark are used in making cordage,
offensive vapors and gases. and have a limited use in surgery.
Basinasal [has-e-na^-sal) \_(iaatg, foundation ; Bastard [bas'-tard) [OF., bastard, son f)f a
ndsies, the nose]. Relating to the basion bast, or pack-saddle], i. An illegitimate
and the nasion. child. 2. Illegitimate.
Basioccipital [l>as e ok si/>^ i( al) [/^liffrc,

- - - - -
Bastards [has' -tardz) [see bastard"]. The
foundation; occiput, the back of the head]. name given to an impure sugar procured
A bone, separate in many of the lower ver- by concentrating molasses and allowing it to
tebrate animals, forming the central axis of crystallize slowly in molds.
the skull. In adult human life, it is the Basyl {ba^-sil) ^jidaig, foundation]. The
basilar process of the occipital bone. electropositive constituent of a compound.
Basioglossus(/'(W-(?-c'-^s,''/t'j''-^/i')[/?ac7/f>founda- Bateman's Drops. The tinctura pectoralis,
tion yAuoaa, the tongue].
;
That part of the N. F.; a weak tincture of opium, camphor,
hyoglossus muscle that is attached to the base and catechu a popular remedy in coughs.
;
of the hyoid bone. Bath {bath) [AS., bieth, a bath], i. balh- A

Basion foundation].
{ba'-se-o>i) [îiamg,
A ing-place or room. 2. The medium in which
point located at the middle of the anterior the body is wholly or partly immersed. As
margin of the foramen magnum. therapeutic agents, baths are classified ac-
Basiotribe {J>as'-e-o-Mb) \_Ad(ji(;, foundation ; cording as water, vapor, air, etc. is used , ;
Tpij-tE/v, to grind or crush]. An instrument according to the temperature, as hot, temper-

used for perforating or crushing the fetal head. ate, cold, etc.; according to the end desired,
Basiotripsy [iHis-e-ot'-rip-se) [/Jritr^f, founda- as nutritional, medicinal, stimulant, etc.
tion Tjufleiv^
;
to grind or crush]. The S|)ecialforms of bath are the moor, |ieat.
operation of crushing the fetal head. mud-slime, pine-leaf, herb (hay, gentian,
Basirrhinal [bas-e-rin^-al) \_jidaig, founda- camomile, juniper, marjoram, etc.), brine,
tion; p/f, nose]. Relating to the base of sand, tan, bran, malt, glue, soup, milk, whey,
the brain and to the nose. Applied to a blood, wine, guano, starch, soap, acid, iron,
cerebral fissure located at the base of the sulphur, carbonic acid, compressed air, mus-
olfactory lobe. tard, electric, etc. B., Acid, add I '2 ounce*
Basis (/'(/'-.s/f) \_lidair, foundation]. Base. of nitric acid and I to 3 ounces of hydrochloric
Basisphenoid [bas-e-sfc'-noiii) \_jinaiQ, foun-
acid to 30 gallons of warm water in a woihIcii
dation ; (T0î^, wedge ; eldoq, form] The . or earthenware vessel, and immerse the jm
lower part of the sphenoid bone. tient in this for from 10 to 20 minutes.
Basisylvian [bas-e-si/'-7ie-a7!)\_'3dair,
founda- For a foot-bath, add J< ounce of nitric acid
and I ounce of hydrochloric acid to 4 gallons
tion; Sylvius, an anatomist]. Applied to
the transverse basilar portion or stem of the of warm water. This is said to be useful in
Sylvian fissure. cases of dyspejisia, with sluggish liver and
Basitemporal [has
-
e -
tern'- po ral )
-
[fidmr, constipation. B., Air, a bath in which but
foundation; /<'w/(9;7?, the temples]. Relating little water is employed, the body being ex-
to the base or lower part of the temporal bone. to the air. It is employed in
posed freely
Basivertebral [bas - e - vcr'- te - bra/ ) \_j3daig, those cases in which there is a tendency
foundation vertebra, a joint].
; Relating to to catch cold on slight exposure. B..
the basis or centrum of a vertebra. Alcohol, one in dilute alcohol, used tg
BATH BATH
reduce temperature in fever. B., Alkaline, of muslin or thin linen and hanging it in
add 3 ounces of potassium carbonate, or 6 of about four gallons of hot water until the
sodium carbonate, to 25 or 30 gallons of hot latter becomes yellow, or simply by adding
water. It is used in chronic squamous skin- mustard to water. It is used as a general
diseases, chronic rheumatism, and lithemia. bath for infants in collapse, convulsions, or
It should be taken in a wooden, earthenware, severe bronchitis, the child being left in until
or enameled tub. B., Bog, a bath made the skin becomes distinctly reddened. It is
by mixing bog-earth (produced by the de- also used as the foot or sitz-bath in amenor-
composition of plants in the presence of rhea. B., Pack, or Sheet, one in which
water and found at iron and sulphur springs) the bodyis
wrapped in wet cloths. B.,
with warm water to fomi a pulpy or mushy Pine, prepared by adding a decoction of
consistence. This is used as a mud-bath. pine-needles, or some pine-extract, to hot
B., Borax, borax, 4 ounces ; glycerol, water. It is mildly stimulating, and is em-
3 ounces water, 30 gallons.

;
It is used ployed in hysteria, gout, and rheumatism
in the same class of cases as the bran- B., Rain, consists of from four to six three-
bath. B., Bran, boil l pound of bran in fourths circles of pipes secured together at a
I
gallon of water, strain, and add 30 distance of two to three inches. Each pipe
gallons of water. This is a soothing and has three lines of fine perforations, from
emollient bath, and is of service in squamous which the stream issues under pressure,
and irritable conditions of the skin. B., striking the body of the patient at all points
Chemic, in chemistry, an apparatus for with considerable force. B., Russian, a
regulating the temperature of chemic pro- vapor-bath, the vapor being generated by
cesses by surrounding the substance with throwing water upon heated mineral or
water, sand, oil, or mercury, through which metallic substances. Syn., B., Vapor. B.,
the heat is communicated. B., Cold, a bath Sand, the body of the patient is placed in a
of cold water, the temperature of the latter layer of dry sand that has been heated. In
vaiying from 32°-70° F. (o°-2i° C). It is chemistry, the immersion of a crucible, etc.,
used to reduce fever and as a general stimu- containing a chemic compound, in a vessel
lant. B., Foot, a bath for the feet, used as containing fine sand, the latter lieing heated
a derivative agent in cases of cold, etc. B., gradually to a high temperature. B., Sheet,
Full, one in which the patient's body is the application of cold water to the body
entirely covered by water, so that his chin through the medium of a wet sheet or towel
just clearsit. B., Graduated, one in which of fine or coarse texture, placed upon the
the temperature of the water is gradually skin. used to reduce temperature. B.,
It is
lowered by the addition of cold or ice- Shower, a douche in which the water is
water. B., Herb; this is made by using delivered against the body from a nozzle with
the extract of pine-needles, or of some numerous perforations. B., Sitz, one in
aromatic herbs, and is used as a tonic. which only the buttocks and hips are im-
B., Hip. See B., Sitz. B., Hot, one mersed in water. It is useful in pelvic in-
in which temperature of the water
the flammations, amenonhea, and retention of
ranges from 104° to 110° F. (40°-43.3° C). urine. B., Slime, a bath in water mixed
It acts upon the skin, producing free perspira- with the slimy deposit of organic matter
tion, and accelerates the pulse and respira- found in rivers or ponds. B., Sponge, one
tion. B., Hot-air Turkish bath. A bath in
;
in which the patient's body is rubbed with a
hot air. It is useful as a diaphoretic, and in ca- wet sponge. It is used to reduce tempera-
tarrhal, neuralgic, and rheumatic conditions, ture. B., Sulphur, potassium sul]ihid 4 to
but is contraindicated in fatty degeneration 8 ounces in 30 gallons of water a little sul-
;
of the heart. B., Medicated, a bath in which phuric acid may be added. It is used in
medicinal substances, as mineral salt, sulphur, certain skin diseases, scabies, lead colic, and
etc., are dissolved or held in suspension. lead palsy. B., Sun, the exposure of the
B., Mercurial, for the treatment of syphilis. naked body to the sun's rays. B., Tepid,
A bath in the vapor of mercury, usually {pre- the temperature of the water ranges from
pared by vaporizing calomel over an alcohol 85° to 95° F. (29.4°-35° C). It acts as a
lamp. B., Milk, a bath in milk, for nutri- sedative, cleansing, and detergent agent ;
the
tive purposes. B., Moor, a bath in water pulse, respiration, excretion, secretion, and
mixed with the earth of moors. B., Mud, temperature are practically unaffected. B.,
a bath prepared by mixing well-seasoned Turkish, one in which the bather is placed
earths, containing more or less mineral mat- successively in rooms of higher temperature,
ter, with water containing the same suii- then shampooed or rubbed, and finally stimu-
stances. It is useful in chronic rheumatism. lated by a douche of cold water. See Bath,
B., Mustard, made by enclosing from two Hot-air. B., Vapor. See B., Russian.
to four ounces of ordinary mustard in a B., 'Warm, a bath in water having a tem-
piece
BATOPHOBIA BATTERY
perature of from 90° to 104° F. (32.2°- tery]. A series of two or more pioceti of
40° C). It is used to calm the nervous to
apparatus arranged produce increa.-,ed
system, produce sleep, and allay rellex irrita- eflect, as
battery of boilers, prisms, lenses,
bility. B., Water, a bath of water. In galvanic cells. It is usually applied to a series
chemistry, a bath of water for immersing of cells producing electricity (voltaic or
gal-
vessels containing substances that must not be vanic battery) also, frequently to a
;
single
heated above the boiling-point of water. cell. B., Faradic, one giving a faradic cur-
Batophobia [bat-o-fo' -be-ali) \_j]aT()c, a rent. B., Galvanic, one giving a galvanic
height; <t>6i3o(;, fear]. 1.
Acrophobia; or chemic current. B., Primary, the com-
dread of being at a great height. 2. Dread bination of a number of
primary cells so as
of high objects fear of passing near a to form a single
;
battery. B., Secondary,
high building, or of going through a deep the combination of a number of
storage-cells
valley. to form a single electric source. The follow-
Battarism (l>al'-ar-izi)i^ \jiaTTapia\i6q, a ing table shows the materials used in the
stuttering]. Stuttering or stammering. more ini[)ortant batteries, and the electro-
Battery {bat'-cr-c) \batleria, a beating; bat- motive force (E. M. F.) in volts.
NAMES, ELEMENTS, FLUIDS, ETC., OF THE PRINCIPAL BATTERIES.

Name of
Cell.
BATTLEDORE BEGGIATOA
Battledore {J>at' -l-ilor') [ME., hatyldoure,
a Beauperthuy's Method (Iw'- per- fhwlz).
bat for beating clothes]. An instrument A method of treating leprosy by bathing
shaped like a racket. B. Placenta, one in with olive oil, the internal administration
which there is a marginal insertion of the cord. of mercuric chlorid, abstinence from sailed
Baudelocque's Diameter [/'o'-del-vks). In meats, and good hygiene.
obstetrics, the e.\tcnial conjugate diameter Beberin {l>c' -ber-i>i). See A\ctaudra.
of the pelvis. Bechic {bck'-ik) {^MiS,, a cough]. Relieving
Bauhin, Valve of (bo'-hiii).
The ileocecal cough a remedy against cough.
;
valve. Bechterew's Nucleus [bek'-ter-iis). The

Baunscheidtism [Innvii'- shU -
iziti) [named accessory auditory nucleus.
from BaiinsLlicidt, the inventor]. A mode Beclard's Hernia. See Diseases, Table of.
of treating rheumatism and chronic neu- Becquerel's Pills {bek'-a-relz). Pills con-
ralgias by counteriiritation, the latter being taining quinin, extract of digitalis, and col-
produced by pricking the exterior of the part chicum seeds, for use in gout.
affected with fine needles dipped in oil of Bed {bed) [AS., bedd\ The couch or
mustard, formic acid, or other irritant. support on which the body may rest in
Bavarian {lujh-va' -re-aii) \_Ba7'aria'\. Per- sleep usually a mattress of straw, hair, or
;
taining to IJavaria. B. Dressing. See similar substance. B., Air, a mattress of

B. Splint. B. Splint, a variety of immov- rubber or leather that can be inflated with
able dressing in which the plaster is ajiplied air. B.-bug, an apterous insect, Cimex lec-
between two flannel cloths. tulariiis, that infests filthy bedsteads, and at
Bayberry {ba' -ber-ti) [ME., i^(?i',- bc)y\ I. times is parasitic upon the human body. B.-
Tlie berry of the Laiirus nobilis, bay, or pan, a large shallow vessel for receiving the
noble laurel. 2. The wax-myrtle, Myrcia alvine discharges of bedridden patients.
cerifeia, and its fruit. See Alyrcia. 3. The B.-rest, an apparatus for propping up
pimento, or allspice. B. Rum and B., Oil patients in bed. B. -ridden, confined to
of. Sue Alvrcia. B. Tree, the Z<?«;7« wc- bed. B.-sore, a sore produced on any part
bilis ; also Primus laurocerasiis ; commonly of the liody by prolonged pressure against the
called the laurel and the cherry-laurel. bed, or by trophic changes in paralyzed parts.
Bazin l^ba^-zin). Synonym of JMoUuscum B., Water, a rubljer mattress containing
coutagiosiiDi. water it is used to prevent the formation
;
Bazin's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. of bed-sores.

Bdellium {,lel'-e-um) [Heb., b\iolac/i'\^ A Bedlam {bcd'-lani) [ME., bedleni, a corrup-
resinous gum exuding from various species tion vi Betlilehem\ insane asylum. An
of Balsainodoniron. It resembles myrrh. Bedlamism [bed' -lam-ism') [see Bedlam'\.
B., Indian, has been recommended as an Insanity.
emmenagogue. Bedlamite [bed/ -lam it) [see Bedlam'\. A
Beads, Rhachitic. " Rhachitic rosary;" madman ;
an insane person.
the so-called "beading of the ribs" in Bednar's Aphthae. See Aphllue, and
rickets a succession of visible and palpable
; Diseases, Table of.
swellings at the points where the ribs join Beef {bef) [ME., hefe\ The flesh of
their cartilages. domestic cattle. Good beef should be of
Beak (/v/-) [ME., Av/',]. I. The mandibu- red color, possess firm texture, and be
lar portion of a forceps. 2. The lower end free from unpleasant smell. Beef consists
of the calamus scriptorius. 3. The pad or of water 73, fibrin 15, gelatin 4, albumin 3,
splenium of the corpus callosum. fat and other substances 5 per cent. B.-
Beaker {bc'-kcr) [ME., biker\ wide- A extract, the soluble fibrin of lean meat partly
mouthed glass vessel used in chemic labora- desiccated. B. -measles. See Cysticercus
tories. B.-cell, the goblet-cell found in bovis. B.-tea, the soluble extractive matter
mucous membranes. of beef, made by steeping finely-cut lean
Bean (/'(V/) [ME., /'dV/i"]. The seeds of sev- beef with its weight of water, and straining.
eral plants, mostly
Leguminosa:, especially Beer [ber). See Malt-liquors.
that of the common bean, Faba vulgaris. Beer's Cataract Knife. A knife with a
B. of St. Ignatius. .See Ignatia. triangular-shaped blade, for making section
Bearberry. See Uva ursi. of the cornea in the removal of the crystal-
Bear's-foot. Leaf-cup. A composite-flow- line lens.
ered plant, Polymnia nvedalia of N. America. Beeswax {bez'-'iuaks). Cera fava; wax
A popular remedy for enlargement of the secreted by bees, of which their cells are
" "
It is used in making candles,
spleen, or the ague-cake of malarious constructed.
regions. ointments, and pomades.
Beat (/;^/) [ME., pulsation
/v/d-w]. The of Beet {/'tV). See j9tV(7.
the arteries, or the impulse of the heart. Beggiatoa {bej-e-at-o'-ah) [after the Italian
BEHEN-NUT BENZENE
botanist, J. Begîaio\. genus of bacteria A n\,v-xv (0.32-1.0). Atropin Sulphate, the
founded Trevisan, consisting of swinging
liy most frequently used preparation. Dose gr.
or gliding, milk-white, gray, rosy, or violet Lamellae At-
T8ff7s'iT (o. 00036-0. oooS).
threads. They decompose sulphur com- ropinae (B. P.), each containing of atro-
pounds, and store up sulphur granules in P'" .-u'ooSrain (0.000013). Liq. Atropinae
their protoplasm. They are found in stag- Sulphatis (B. P.). Dose n\j-vj (0.0O5-
nant, fresh, or salt water, particularly in that 0.40).
contaminated with sewage or factory- waste. Belladonnin (bel-ah-don' -in) [sec Bella-
.See Bacteria, Table of. donna'], CÎT^jNOj. An alkaloid found in
Behen-nut {l)e'-hen nut). The seed of Belladonna. It resembles
atropin, hyoscya-
Miiriuiâ pterygospi'rvia ,
and AI. nptera, trees min, and hyoscin. It occurs with atropin,
of tropical countries. They aftbrd Oil of and is likewise decomposed into lro])ic acid
Br/wn, or Oil of Ben. and oxytrojiin, QHi^NU.^. '^qc Belladonna.
Bela [Hind.].
{be'-lah) The dried, half- Bellocq's Canula {dcl'-oAs). An instrument
ripe of
Aegle marmelos, or Bengal
fruit used in plugging the nares.
quince. It is recommended as a remedy for Bell's Disease. See Periencephalitis and
chronic diarrhea and dysentery. The ri[je Diseases, Table of. B. Mania. See Peri-
fruit is slightly laxative. Dose ss-j (2.0— '2^ encephalitis and Diseases, 'Table of. B.
4-0). B., Ext., Liq. (B.P.). Uose f^j-ij Palsy or Paralysis. See Diseases, Tihli
(4.0-8.0). Unof. of.
Belching {hdch'-ing) [ME., hekhcn\ The Belly ibcl'-e) [ME., belv\ See Abdomen.
ex[Hilsionof gas from the stomach; eructation. B.-ache. See Colic. B. -bound, a vulgai
Belemnoid (Jtcl-cm'-noid) [/^Mf/nôi', a dart ; term for constipated. B. -button, the navel.
fi(5f)f, form]. I.
Dart-shaped styloid. 2. ; Ben, or Benne
Oil [l>en, or ben'-e). Oleum
The styloid process of the ulna or of the l)alatinura, obtained by expression from
is
temporal bone. the seeds of the several species of Moringia.

Bell (/v/) [ME., bel\ A hollow, metallic, It is a colorless, odorless oil, not readily
sounding instrument. B. Gastrula. See turning rancid. It is used for extracting
Archigastnila. B. Metal, an alloy of cop- odors, and for lubricating clocks and light
per, zinc, tin, and antimony. B., Nerves machinery.
of, the external and internal respiratory Benedikt, Syndrome of. Paralysis of the
nerves, i. e., the posterior thoracic and phrenic muscles supplied by the oculomotor nerve
nerves. B. Sound, B. Tympany, the of one side and tremor and ])aresis of the
sound produced in pneuinothorax by strik- upper extremity of the other side.
ing a coin, placed flat upon the chest, with Bengalin [ben'-gawl-in) [Hind., Bengal].
another coin. It can be heard through A blue pigment derived from the benzene
the stethoscope placed over the affected colors.
side. Benign, or Benignant [be-»'tn^, or be-nig^-
Belladonna [bel-ah-don' -aJi) [It., belladonna, nant [bcnignus, kind].
)
Not endangering
beautiful lady]. Deadly night-shade. A health or life applied to certain tumors.
;
perennial plant of the order Solanaceiv, indi Benzaldehyd (bcn-zal'-dc-hid) [benzoin:

genous to Southern Europe and Asia, and cul- aldehyd], C,II,.p. Bitteralmonil oil; a
tivated in the U. S. Its properties are due to compound that results from the oxidation of
two alkaloids, atropin and belladounin,i\\& lat- benzyl alcohol.
ter thought to be identical with hyoscyaniin. Benzanalgen, CaIl50C,,Hs.NHCOCgH5N.
Both leaves and root are employed. It is A derivative of chinolin. It is antiseptic,
used as an antispasmodic, as a cardiac and antipyretic, and antineuralgic, and has the
respiratory stimulant, and to check secretion, power of dissolving uric acid. It is used in
as that of the sweat and milk. B., Folia, rheumatism, tabes dorsalis, and chronic gout.
the leaves of belladonna. B., Radix, Dose gr. viiss-xlv (0.5-3.0).
the root of belladonna. The preparations of Benzanilid {ben-zan'-ilid) [benzoin: an-
the leaves are: B., Extractum, Alcoholi- ilin], Benzoyl anilid, prepared
(.',.,lI|,NO.
cum. Dose gr. -i^-^ (0.0065-0.032). B., by the action of benzoyl chlorid on anilin.
Tinct., 15 per cent. Dose rry-xxx (0.065- It is used as an antipyretic in children, in
B., Unguent., contains extract lo, doses of gi-. iij-viij (0.20-0.50). Unof.
2.0).
dilute alcohol 6, benzoated lard 84 parts. Benzene [ben'-zen) [benzoin], <-V,'^f,- ''>''
-^
in coal tar. It is formed

From the B., Abstrac-
root are prepared : drorarbon containeii
tum. Dose gr. -^q-] (0.0065-0.065). B., liy the dry dislillation of all lu-n/i-ne acids.
is a mobile, ethereal smelling liquid, of
Emplastrum, made with resin-plaster. B., It
Dose at 0°. It solidities

Extractum, Fluidum. rt\j-v (0.065- specific gravity 0.S99
0.32). B., Linimentum, lluid extract 95, about 0°, nu'lts .nt \- 6°. boils at 80.5°. and
B., Succus Dose burns with a luminous llanie. It readily
camphor 5. (B. P.).
BENZIMID BERBERIS
dissolves resins, fats, sulphur, iodin, and phos- Benzonaphtol {ben-zo-naf'-tol') \benzoin ;
phorus. Anilin and the anilin-colors are de- vdfda, a kind of asphalt], C,„H,0(C,H50).
rived from it. B.-sulphonic Acid, CgH^.- The benzoate of beta-naphtol, used as an intes-
SO.jH, is prepared by boiling together equal tinal antiseptic in typhoid fever and other intes-
parts of benzene and H.^SO^. It occurs in tinal diseases. Dose gr. ij-viij (0.13-0.52).
small plates, readily soluble in alcohol and Benzonitrile {ben-zo-ni' -tril) \Jbe7izoin ; ni-
water, and which deliquesce in the air. tnitu, niter], C,HjN. A substance obtained
Benzimid [lu-n' -zirn-id') \henzoin ; amid'\, from benzene-sulphonic acid by distillation
CjjHjgNjO.^. A compound formed by the with potassium cyanid. It is an oil with an
action of hydrocyanic acid on hydrid of odor resembling that of oil of bitter almonds,
benzoyl. It occurs also in the resinous resi- and boils at 191°; its specific gravity is
due of the rectification of the oil of bitter 1.023 ^t 0°.
ahnonds. Benzosol [ben'-zq-sol) [benzoin], CjjHjjOj.
Benzine [bcn'-ziii). See Bciizinitm. Benzoyl-guaiacol, a substitute for creasote in
Benzinum (bcn-zi' -nut)i) [L.]. Benzine, tuberculous affections. It also has antipy-
Petroleum ether. A purified distillate retic properties. Dose gr. iv-x (0.20-0.65).
from American petroleum, having a spe- B.-eugenol, CjjHjgOg, a derivative of
cific .77 to .79, boiling at 80°
gravity of eugenol, used in tuberculosis. B.-guaiacol,
to 90° C, colorless, of ethereal odor, and a CjÎIjÔj, benzosol. It is the benzoate of
slightly peppermint-like taste. It is a valu- guaiacol and contains 54 per cent, of guaiacol.
able solvent foroils, fats, resins, caoutchouc, Its chief uses are as an intestinal antiseptic,
and some It has been used against
alkaloids. and in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose gr.
tapeworm. should
It be distinguished from iij-xij (0.2-0.75).
Benzol, which is called Bcnzetie by English Benzoyl [ben' -zp-H) [^bienzoin], C-H-O.
chemists. Dose gtt. v-x (0.33-0.66), on The radicle of benzoic acid, of oil of
sugar or in mucilage. bitteralmonds, and of an extensive series
Benzoate [ben' -zo-dt) [be)izpin'\. Any salt of compounds derived from this oil, or con-
of benzoic acid. B. of Naphtol. See nected with it by certain relations. B.-
Ben zpuaphtol. ecgonin, CjgH,gNO^H, a substance inter-
Benzoated [ben'-zo-a-ted) \benzoin'\. Im- mediate in composition between cocain and
pregnated with benzoin or with benzoic acid. ecgonin. B.-glycocoU. ^&t Acid,Ilippuyii.
Benzoic {ben-zc'-ik) \_benzpin'\. Pertaining Benzyl [ben'-zil) \_bcHzoi>i'\, C-H^. A uni-
to or derived from benzoin. B. Acid. See valent hydrocarbon radicle that does not
Aeid. exist in the free state, but in combination
Benzoin {ben' -zo-in or -zoin) [origin ob- forms a considerable number of compounds.
scure]. A resin obtained from J)7)vv?.r ben- B. Alcohol. See Alcohol.
zo/'n, a tree native to .Sumatra and Siam. It Benzylidene [ben-ziF-id-en)\_benzohi'\, C,Hg.
is a ketone alcohol, C,^Hj,,0._,, and may A bivalent hydrocarbon radicle derived from
be produced by oxidizing hydrobenzoin with benzoin compounds.
concentrated HNO.^. It is sparingly soluble Berard's Aneurysm. See Aneurysm and
in water, cold alcohol, and ether, and crys- Diseases, Table of.
tallizes in shining prisms, melting at 134°. Beraud, Ligament of [ba-ro/i'). The liga-
It yields benzoic and cinnamic acids, ment that suspends the pericardium. B.,
isantiseptic and disinfectant, and is used Valve of, a valve supposedthe to exist at
mainly as a stimulant expectorant in bottom of the lacrymal sac over the entrance
clironic bronchitis. Adeps benzoinatus, to the nasal duct.
benzoinated lard, contains 2 per cent, of ben- 'RQrhex\n(be>'-ber-in)\^l>erberina'],C^^^.J'iiO^.
zoin. B., Tinct., 20 per cent, of the resin An alkaloid found in the bark of Berbej-is,
in alcohol. Dose f^^ss-j (2.0-4.0). B., and in many other plants. It is recommended
Tinct. Comp., Friar's Balsam, benzoin 12, as a tonic and antiperiodic, and is an ingre-
aloes 2, storax 8, balsam of Tolu 4, alcohol, dient of various lotions for mucous mem-
sufficient to make loo parts. Dose f^ss-ij branes; it is useful in nasal catarrh, etc.
(2.0-8.0). Dose gr. j-x (0.065-0.65). Unof.
Benzol [ben'-zol) \benzoin'\, hy-
C^H^. A Berberis [ber'-ber-is) [L. ]. Barberry. The
drocarbon formed by the dry distillation of root of Berberis 7'ulgnris, or common bar-
organic substances, but in commerce chiefly berry. Its properties are due to an alkaloid,
derived from coal-tar. It is inflammable, herberin, C,(,H,7NO^. It is an astringent,
volatile, and a solvent for fats. It is em- bitter tonic in large doses a cathartic.
;
It has
ployed externally as a parasiticide ; internally, l)een used locally in conjunctivitis, and inter-
as a pulmonary antiseptic, in influenza, and nally inmalarial and typhoid fevers. B.,
in trichiniasis. Its vapor is used in whoop- Ext., Fid. Dose Tt\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). B.,
ing-cough. Dose gtt. v-x (0.32-0.65). Tinct., contains 20 per cent, of the root.
BERGAMOT, OIL OF BIAURICULAR
Dose Tt\^x-f3j (0.65-4.0). Berberin, the ethereal tincture of chlorid of iron, used in
alkaloid. Dose gr. j-x (0.065-0.65). B. made as follows:
erysipelas. It is
K .
Hydrochlorate, is used locally in gonor- Tiiict. ferri chloridi, I

part; sp. aether, ni-
rhea. All unof. B. asiatica, R. atjiiifolium trosi, 4 parts. Mix and expose to the rays
(or Oregon grape), and B. lycitiin are all of the sun in well-closed bottles until the
medicinally active, and have similar proper- brownish color disappears. The dose is from
ties to those of the common barberry. one to two teas]joonfuls every three hours.
Bergamot, Oil of [her' -ga»i-ot) [Bergamo, Beta {ba'-tah) [L.]. i. The beet. 2. The
a town in Italy], CjgH,p^. A
volatile oil de- second letter of the Creek alphabet, used in
rived from the rind of the Citrus berganiia. chemic nomenclature, to indicate the second
It is used mainly as a perfume, and as a of two isomeric compounds. B.-naphtoI.
clearing-agent in histologic work. See Naphtol.
Bergeron's Disease. 'ie.Q. Diseases, Table
of . Betacism [ba' -las-izm) \beta, lii'irn, the
Beriberi [bcr^- e - ber'- e) [Cingalese, beri, second letter of the Creek alphabet]. The
weakness]. Synonyms: Kakke, Panneu- too- frequent use of the ^-sound in
speech, or
ritis epidemica. An infectious disease, en- the conversion of other sounds into it.
demic in various countries of Asia (Ceylon, Betain {be-ta'-in) [beta, a beet], CjIIjiNOj,
India, China, Japan), Africa, and Australia, and or C,„H2.^N204. Called also oxyneurin and
presenting the features of a multiple neuritis. lycin. Abasic substance obtained by the
Bad food and defective hygienic conditions careful oxidation of cholin. It occurs
are predisposing causes; the true etiologic already formed in the sugar-beet {Be/a vul-
factor is probably a microorganism. Various garis^ and crystallizes from alcohol with one
types of the disease have been described, molecule of water in shining crystals that
particularly an anasarcous form and an atro- deliquesce in the air; it has an alkaline re-
phic form. The main symptoms are anesthe- action and a sweetish taste.
sia, paralysis,wasting of the muscles, ederria, Beta-naphtol Bismuth. A preparation con-
changes in the electric reactions, dyspnea, taining So per cent, of bismuth oxid and 20
and palpitation. The mortality is variable ; per cent, of beta-naphtol. It is a brown
often it is very great. True beriberi has powder, insoluble in water and decomposed
been met with in the seaport towns of the into its component parts in the intestine,
United States, introduced there by East In- the beta-na])htol being absorbed and dis-
dian sailors, and an affection resembling it charged with the urine, while the bismuth
seems to occur among certain fishermen of is evacuated with the It is an intes-
stools.
New England. tinal antiseptic. Dose
xv-xlv (1.0-3.0).
gr.
Bernard's Granular Layer. The inner zone Betel [be'-tel) [E. Ind.]. A masticatory used
of the cells lining the acini of the pancreas. in the East. A few grains of the nut of the
It is granular in appearance and stains but Catechu palm, Areca C, are rolled up with
slightly with carmin. a small amount of quicklime in a leaf of
Berry [ber'-e) [ME., bery\ An indehis- Piper betel, and chewed. It is tonic,
cent fruit with a pericarp that is succulent astringent, stimulant, and aphrodisiac, and
throughout, as the grape and gooseberry. seems to increase the powers of endurance.
Bertillonage {bcr-til-lon-a{h)j) \^Bcrtillon, a Dose of fid. ext. f.^j-iij (4.0-12.0). Unof.
French criminologist]. A
system of care- Betol {be'-tol), C,oII,O.C,H-0.,. Salinaph-
fully-recorded measurements anddescrij^tions tol. Naphlhalol. A salicylic ether of
of criminals, for the purpose of future iden- naphtol, used in rheumatism and cystitis. It
tification, introduced into France by Bertil- resembles salicylic acid in its properties.'
lon and adopted by the police of many large Dose gr. x-xv (0.65-I.0).
cities of the U. .S. Betula (/v/"-«-/(?//). See Birch.
Berlin, Bones of. The sphenoidal turbin- Betulin {bet'-ti-lin') [betula, birch], C^1Ib„Os
ated bones, partly closing the sphenoidal (llausmann). liirch-resin, or birch-camphor.
sinuses. B., Column
of, a cortical column derived from the bark of the white birch.
of the kidney the part separating the med-
;
Bezoar {be'-zo-ar) [Pers., /A/- ::</// r,
the be-
ullary ]iyramids. B., Ligament of, the ilio- zoar-stone, a supposed antidote against poi-
femoral ligament. son]. A
concretion found in the stomach or
BerthoUet's Law. See Law. intestines of .some animals (especially rumin-
Beryllium {Iwr-iF -e-u»i) \_\iii(iv7Ckoc, beryl]. ants), formerly believed to be efticacious in

A bivalent metal obtained from the beryl, ])reventing the fat.al effects
of ]ioi.son.
whence its name it is called also glucinum.
; Bhang (bang).
'
See Cannabis iuiliea.
See Elements, Table of. Bhel {/>el).
See Bela.
Biauricular twice
Bestiality (bes-te-aF-i/-e) \^l>estia, a beast].
11
{l>i-aii<-rik' lar) [bis, ;
Unnatural intercourse with an animal. aurieula, the ear]. Relating to two auricles,
Bestucheff's Mixture or Tincture. The or to two corresponding auriculai points. .
BIBULOUS BILICYANIN
Bibulous [l>ih' 11 Ins) \bibere, to drink].
- -
Bifurcation {bi -fer ka'-slnm) [^bifitrcatio ;
-
Having tlie property of absorbing moisture, from /'/, two; furca, a fork]. I)ivision into
as, B. Paper. two branches, as of the trachea or of the
Bicarbonate [In-kar'-ban-at') twice;
\bis, aorta.
carbo, a coal]. Any salt of carbonic acid Bigelow's Ligament. I'he Y-ligament of
that lias two carbonic acid equivalents for the hip-joint ;
iliofemoral ligament. B.'s
one of the base. Septum, in anatomy, a layer of hard bony
Bicaudal, Bicaudate [bi-kaw'-dal, bi-ka-o'- tissue in the neck of the thigh-bone.
diit) \J>icaudaUs, two-tailed]. Having two Bilateral [bi-lat'-er-al) \_bi, two latiis, a ;
tails or appendages. side]. Relating to two sides; pertaining to

Biceps {bi'-seps) \bis, twice ; caput, the or affecting both sides of the body. B.
head]. Having two heads, a term applied Symmetry, the symmetry of right and left
to several muscles, as B. brachii, B. exten- halves.
sor, B. flexor cruris. Bilateralism [bi lat'- er
- -
al- izi?i) \_ln,
two ;
Bichat (/'t;"'-J//r^/^) Canal of. See Can at. B., latits, a side]. Bilateral symmetry.
Fissure of. See Fissure. B., Foramen Bile [b'll) [bills, the bile]. The substance
of. .See Foramina, Table of. B., Tunic secreted by the liver. It is mucilaginous,
of, the intima of the blood-vessels. golden-brown, and is composed of biliaiy
Bichlorid [bi-klo'-rid) [/'/, two; chlori7i\ salts, cholesterin, mucus, and certain pig-
A salt containing two equivalents of chlorin. ments. The principal salts are the sodium
Bichromate [bi-kro'-mat') \bi, two; chro- salts of taurocholic acid (C2gH^jNS0.), and
miuni\. A salt containing two equivalents glycocholic acid (Cofill^sNOg). The taste of
()f chnimic acid. bile is intensely bitter, its reaction feebly
Bicipital {bi-sip'it-al) [/'/, two caput, the ; alkaline, and its density from 1026 to 1032.
head]. Pertaining to the biceps muscle. It exercises a diastatic action on starch, emul-
Biconcave [bi-kon' -kav). See Lens. sifies fats, and precipitates soluble peptone ;
Biconvex [bi-kon^-veks). See Lens. it is also the natural

antiseptic of the intes-
Bicuspid [In-kiis'-pid') \bi, two; c/m/Zj-, the tines, and has an action on the intestinal mu-
l)oint of a spear]. Havhig two cusps, as B. cous membrane through which absorption is
Teeth. B. Valve, the mitral valve of the favored. composition varies, but accord-
Its
heart. ing to Iloppe-Seyler, in loo parts bile there
Bidder's Ganglia. See Ganglia, Table of. are of —
Bidet {be-def, or -da) [Fr. for pony]. A
tub or Ijasin with fixed attachments for the Parts.
JJfoSnicmatt'cr,: ! ! ! ! !
;} 91.68 "
administering of injections also for use as a
;
Organic matter, 8.32
"
sitz-l)ath or hip-bath. Mucus, 1.29
"
Taurocho'.ate of sodium,
Biedert's Cream Mixture. An infant's .
0.S7
"
Glycocholate of sodium, .
3.03 "
food made by mixing 4 oz. of cream with Saponified fat 1.39
"
12 oz. of warm water, and adding oz. of ^ Cholesterin, 0.35 "
It contains i per cent, of casein, Lecitliin, 0.53
milk-sugar. "
Fat, 0.73
2.5 per cent, of fat, and 3.8 per cent, of
sugar. As the child grows older a larger B. Pigments, the coloring-matters of the
proportion of milk is added. bile.
Biermer's Change of Note. See Signs and Bilharzia [bil-har' -ze-ah)[nz.meA after Theo-
Sviuptoins, Table of. dor Bil/iarz, a physician of Cairo]. A genus
Bifid {bi'-fid)\bis, twice; findere, to cleave]. of trematode worms, established by Cobbold,
I tjvided into two parts ; cleft, as bifid tevnla. characterized l)y having the sexes separate.
Bifocal {bifo^-kal) [bi, two focus, Siôini]. ; B. haematobia. See Distoma.
Having a double focus. Applied to a system Bilharziosis (bil-har-ze-o' -sis') \^Bil/iarzia'\.
of lenses or spectacle-glasses with two foci, The group of symptoms produced by the
chiefly used for the correction of presbyopia, presence in the intestine of worms of the
when there is at the same time an error of genus Bilharzia.
refraction for distant vision. The distance Biliary (blF-e-a-re) [bills, bile]. Pertaining
lens is above that for near work. These are to the bile. B. Acids, glycocholic and tau-
sometimes called Pantoscopic lenses, and also rocholic acids. B. Colic, colic produced by
Franklin spectacles, because the device was the passage of gall-stones. B. Diabetes,
first made l)y Benjamin Franklin. Hanot's disease, or hypertrophic cirrhosis of
They are
also called Cement lenses, because now made the liver with icterus. B. Ducts, the hep-
by cementing the lower segment to the dis- atic and cystic ducts, and the ductus commu-
tance lens. nis choledochus, together with the small
Bifurcate {hi-fer^ -kat) [/'/, two fiirca, ; a ducts in the liver itself.
fork]. Divided into two, like a fork. Bilicyanin [bil-e-sd-an-1/i) [bills, bile;
«wd-
BILIFLAVIN BIOMETRY
veof, blue]. Cliolecyaniii, choleverdin. A Binder (Jnnd'er) [ME., byndere'\. A wide
blue piLjinent obtained from bilirubin.
bandage about the abdomen, worn by women
Biliflavin {l>il-e-jla'-vin) \_lnlis, bile Jlavus, after labor, or after
;
celiotomy, to support the
yellow]. A yellow coloring-matter deriva- abdominal walls. B., Mammary,
a sling or
l)le from biliverdin.
suspensory for the mamma.
Bilifulvin {bil-e-ful' -vin) \bilis, bile; fiilvus, Biniodid (bin-i'-o-did). Having two atoms
fulvous]. An impure form of bilirubin also ; of iodin in the molecule.
a yellow bile-color from ox-gall, not normally Binocular two
{bin-ok' -u-lar) \bi, ; oculiis,
jiresent in himian bile. an eye]. Pertaining to both eyes. In
Bilifuscin {^hil-e-fus'-in) \_bilis, bile fuscus,
;
optics, an instrument with two eyepieces
brown], C,pH.,gN./_)j. A pigment occurring for use with botli eyes at once. B. Vision,
in bile and in gall-stones. the faculty of using both eyes
synchronously
Bilihumin (lul-e-hti'-min) \bilis, bile ; //«- and witiiout diplopia.
/«/«, earth]. An
insoluble residue left after Binoxid [bin -
oks' • id) \l>i, two; or/,;'].
treating gall-stones with various solvents. See Dioxid.
Bilin {bi'-lin') \Jnlis, bile]. A mixture of the Bioblast [bi' -o-blast) {filoq, life ; (ilatrrdq, a
taurocholate and glycocholate of sodium, germ]. A
plastidule or formative cell; a
forming a constituent of the bile. corpuscle that has not yet become a cell.
Bilineurin {/>il-t'-7tu'-rin). Cholin. Biochemics {bi- o- keni'-iks) [,i/V)r, life;
Bilious [l>iF-yiis) \_/>/7iosus, full of bile]. A V'//'f''«, chemistry]. The chemistry of life.
term popularly applied to disorders supposed See Biochemy.
to arise from a too free secretion of bile. B. Biochemistry life
{bi-o-kem'-is-trc) \^îcir, ;
Fever, a remittent fever characterized by the Xniifin, chemistry]. The chemistry of tiie
vomiting of bile. living liody, or of life.

Biliousness {lul'-yiis-nes) [bilio.uis, full of Biochemy (bi'-o-kcm-e) \\\tur, life xW^'^^s ;
bile]. A popular name for a condition char-

chemistry]. Chemic force as exhibited in
acterized by anorexia, constipation, coated living organisms.
tongue, lassitude, and headache, and sup- Biodynamics [Jn-o-di-nam' -iks) [(iioc, life ;
posed to be due to an excessive secretion of (M'vainq, power]. The dynamics of life;
bile. dynamic biology.
Biliprasin {liil-c-pi-a^-sin)\_l>ilis, hWe; npaaov, Biogenesis [bi- o -jen'- es-is) [,.?/'jr, life;
leek; Trpdaivor, i. The doctrine that
leek-green], CjgH^.jN.Ô^. ylvEaiq, origin],
A pigment occurring in gall stones, icteric things are
living
produced only from living things —
urine, and bile. the reverse of abiogenesis. 2. Reproduction
Bilirubin {i/7-e-ru^-b//i) \_/n7is, bile ; ruber, from living parents.
red], CjglijgN.Ô^. A
red coloring-matter, Biogenetic [bi - o jen el'- ik) [,.?/oc, life
- -
;
the chief pigment of the bile, and also ytviai(;, origin]. Pertaining to biogenesis.
found in the urine in jaundice. It is insoluble B. Law, the fact that a certain tendency
in water, and almost so in ether and alcohol, directs the drift or trend of development of
but it is readily soluble in alkaline solutions. a being along a line parallel with that of
It crystallizes in rhombic plates or prisms. the series of forms ancestral to it. The
Biliverdin 'ybil-e-ver' -din)\_biUs, bile ; viridis, being in the course of its development
green], CjjH.ôNÔj, or C^HgNO.^. A green briefly recapitulates that of the ancestral
pigment, the First product of the oxidation of series to which it belongs. Tiiis is also
bilirul)in. It gives the characteristic color called Mi'dlcr''s Laiv.
to the bile of herbivora, and occurs in the Biogeny [bi-oj'-en e) [,/?/of, life; yhtai^,
urine in jaundice, and in gall-stones. origin]. In biology, the evolution of or-
Billroth's Mixture. See Ancsthrtic. ganic forms, either considered individually
Bimanual ((^/-w^«''-«-rt/) [(^/, two nianns, ; [ontosêtty) or Iribally [p/iyhiêny).
a hand]. With both hands; two-handed. B. Biologic [In-o-loj'-ik) [/iwf, life ; ?.(5}0f.
Palpation, palpation by means of both science]. Pertaining or belonging to biology.

hands. Biologist [hi-ol'-o-jist) [/?/of,
life ; /\<i)<>f,
Binary (In' -nar-e) couple].

\Jnniis, In
a science]. One who is a student of biology.
chemistry, compounded of two elements. Biologos [bi-o-!os^'-os) [/^/or, life; ?<i)Of, a

In anatomy, separating into two branches. word]. A designation proposed for the
Binaural \bin-aw' -ral) \bis, twice aitris, ; intelligent living power displ.aycd in cellular
ear]. Pertaining to or having two ears; and organic action and reaction.
used for both ears. B. Stethoscope, a Biology [bi-ol'-o-Jr) [)'?/of life hSytu;, %c\- , ;
'i'he science embracing the structure,

stethoscope with two tubes, one for cac:h car. eiu-o].
Binauricular [l>in-aw-rik' -iiJar') [/'/.r, twice ; function, and organization of living form.s.
Biometry life;
aitriciila, the ear]. Pertaining or belong- [bi-<vn'-i-f>y) [/^/<i<;, fiirfuw,^
Life-measuremenl the estinin
ing to both ears. measure]. ;
BIONDI'S FLUID BISMUTH
tion of the probable duration of any given Bipartite {bipar' -tit) [/'/, two pars, a part]. ;
life-form— in the past or future. In biology, composed of two parts or divi-

Biondi's Fluid. A staining medium used sions.
in histologic laboratories. It is a mixture of Biped (/'/''-/<?a')[^/,
two ; /<\f, a foot]. I. Hav-
orange-G, methyl-green, and acid-fuchsin. ing two feet. 2. An animal with two feet.
Bionergy [bi-oii'-er-jc) [;>/of, spynv, life ; Bipolar {l>ipo'-lar) [/'/, two polus, a ])ole]. ;
work]. Life-force; force exercised in the Having two poles. B. Nerve-cells, nerve-
living organism. cells that have two jjrolongations of the
Bionomy {l>i-oit' -o-inc) [/S'of,

life ; vofioc, a cell matter. They are found chiefly in the
'law]. Dynamic biology ; biodynamics ;
the spinal ganglia.
science of the laws of life. Birch [berth) [AS., bine']. Any tree of the
Biophagous [l>i-off^ -ai:^-us)\_'jiior,
life ; (payelv, genus Betula. Birch-tar, or the tarry oil of
to eat]. Feeding upon living organisms, or B. alba, is useful in certain skin-diseases.
upon living tissue, as insectivorous plants. The bark of B. leuta, the American black
Biophysiography {bi-o fiz-e-og' -ra-fe) [/3''of, birch, yields a fragrant volatile oil, identical
life ; nature; ypadeiv, to write].
oi-'dig, De- with that of GaiiUheria proetni/bens, for
scriptive or structural biology organography, ;
which it is extensively substituted. B. Cam-
as distinguished from biophysiology. phor. Same as B. A'esin. B. Resin. .See
-
Biophysiology (/-'/
-
o -fiz - e ol'- o -je) [ [iioq, Betuliji.
life; (j)bc!ic, nature; /.oyog, science]. The Bird-lime [berd'-hiii). A viscous vegetable
branch of
biology including organogeny, substance used in Japan as a local dressing
morphology, and physiology. for wounds.
Bioplasm [bi'-o-plaziii] [/J'Of, life ; ix'/Majia, Bird's Formula. The last two figures of
form]. Any living matter, but especially the specitic gravity of urine nearly represent
germinal or forming matter ;
matter possess- the number of grains of solids to the ounce
ing reproductive vitality. contained in the urine. The same two figures
Bioplast {l>i' -o-plasi) [/3/'of,
life ; k'/mg-toc., multiplied by 2 ( Trapp's Factor) give the
formed]. A mass or cell of bioplasm that parts per looo.
is a unit of living matter. Birth [berfh) {WE.J'yrt/q. i. The delivery
Biorbital {bi-or'-bit-al) [/'/, two; orbita, a of a child ; parturition. 2. That which is
circle]. Relating to both orbits. brought forth in parturition. B.-mark. See

Bioscope {bi'-o-skop') \fii.oc^,
life ; gkotte'iv, to Aânius pigmenfosus. B. -palsy, any paralytic
view]. An instrument used^n bioscopy. affection due an injury received at birth
to ;
Bioscopy [bi-os'-ko-pe] \_ftinq,

life ; CKoneh', less correctly, a congenital paralytic afiection
to examine]. Examination of the body to due to a lesion that existed in the fetal state.
ascertain whether life is present. B., Elec- Bisacromial {bis-ak- -a/) \_bis,
two ;
tro-, examination by the aid of the electric acrpmio7i\. Relating to the two acromia.
current. The muscular reaction is lost to fara- Biscara Button [bis'-kar-ah bu/'-iin). .See
dic stimulation in about two hours after death Fun 172 cultts oI ii-n la lis.
in the tongue after three or four hours in the

;
Bisexual (bi-seks'-u-al) [/'/, two scxits, sex]. ;
extremities after hve or six hours in the

; Having the reproductive organs of both
trunk. The reaction to galvanism persists sexes hermaphrodite.
;
somewhat longer. Bisiliac [bis-iF-e-ak) \_bis, two; iiiaciis'].

Biosis [bi-o^-sis) [/?(0f, life]. Life vitality. ; Relating to the two most distant points of
Biostatics [bi-0'Sta/^~iks) [/?''of, life; arart- the two iliac crests.
causing to stand].
/tfif, Static biology; the Biskra Boil, or Button. See Ftintinitlns
science of the determinate parts of biology, orientalis.
including anatomy, and the physics of the Bismarck Brown. A brown, basic anilin
living body. dye, extensively used as a stain and counter-
Biotic [bi-ot'-i/^) [/3/of, life]. Pertaining to stain in histology.
lifeor to the laws of animal and vegetable Bismuth, or Bismuthum [biz'- ninth, biz-
progress and evolution. [L. ].

7itu'-thiii>i) Bi =
2iO; quantivalence
Biotomy [bi-ot'-o-me) [/5/V)c,
life ; Tejivuv,X.o I, III, V. A pinkish-white crystalline metal.
cut]. Vivisection. Its commercial salts often contain arsenic.
Biparasitic [hipar-as-it'-ik') two 'jrapa-

\bi, ;
The insoluble salts of bismuth are feebly
airnc, a parasite]. Parasitic upon a parasite. astringent. The derivatives of bismuth are
Biparietal {bi-par-i'-ef-al) [/'/, two; panes, chiefly employed as astringents and sedatives
a wall]. Relating to both parietal bones. to mucous membranes and as gastrointestinal
B. Diameter, the distance from one parietal antiseptics. The
soluble salts are irritant in
eminence of the cranium to the other. large doses. B. et Ammonii Citras, sol-
Biparous [bip'-ar-iis) \_bi double parcre, to , ;
uble in water. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32).
bring forth]. Producing two at a birth. B. et Ammon. Citratis, Liqujr (B. P.).
BISMUTHOSIS BIZYGOMATIC
Dosef^ss-j (2.0-4.0). B.Carbonas
(B.P.), Stomach-drops. B. Wine of Iron, a solu-
(Bi/),a),),,II.p. Dosegr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). tion of white wine,
syrup, citrate of iron, and
B. Citras, BiCgHÔj, soluble in water of quinin.
ammonia. Dose gr. ij-v (o. 13-0.32). B. Bitters [AS. bitan, to bite]. Medi-
{bit'-ers) ,
Oxid (B. P.), Bi./Xp Dose gr. v-xv cines characterized

by a bitter taste. B.,
(0.32-1.0). B. Oxychlorid, pearl white. Aromatic, medicines that unite the
proper-
Om.'f. It is used as a cosmetic. B., Pulvis, ties ofaromatics with those of simple bitters.
Comp., Fcrrier' s Siiitff, contains two grains B., Simple, medicines that stimulate the
of hydrochlorate of morphin in one ounce, gastrointestinal tract without influencing the
with bismuth and acacia. It is used in general system. B., Styptic, medicines
the treatment of. coryza. B. Salicylas, that add styptic and astringent properties to
F.i
(C, 1 1-03)3- Bi/\- iJose gr. v-x (0.32- those of bitterness.
0.65) ;
an intestinal antiseptic. B. Sub- Bittersweet {bit' -er-s7uet). ^co^ Dulcamara.
carbonas, (BiO)2C03.H.Ô, insoluble. Do.se 'QW.yxm^n [bit-u' -men) [L., Min-
bitumen].
gr. X-3J (0.65-4.0); feebly astringent and eral pitch or oil,
composed of various hydro-
sedative. B. Subgallas. See Dermatol. carbons. In the .solid form it is
usually
B. Subiodid, BiOI, used as an antiseptic called asphalt ; in the liquid ioxm,
petrohuni.
dusting-powder, like iodoform. B. Subni- An intermediate form is known as mineral
tras, iiiONOa. HjO, the salt chiefly u.sed in tar or maltha. By distillation, bitumen
medicine as a sedative astringent to the yields benzol, naphtha, paraffin, and various
gastrointestinal mucous membrane. Dose other hydrocarbons, liquid and gaseous.
gr. x-3j (0.65-4.0). B., Trochisci (B. P.), Biuret {bi'-u-rct)\bi, two; ohpov, urine],
each contains gr. ij (o. 13). CÎIjNjO.^ -\- HjC). A compound formed by
Bismuthosis [Jnz-muth-o' -sis). Chronic bis- exposing urea to a high temperature for a long
muth-poisoning it may follow the use of the
; time. It is readily soluble in water and in
soluble salts. alcohol ; it crystallizes with one molecule of
Bistoury [bis' -too-}-e)\Yx. histoiiri\ long, A water in the form of warts and needles.
slender knife, straight or curved, used in When anhydrous, biuret melts at 190° with
surgery. decomposition. B. Reaction, or Test, a
Bisulphate (/'/-.?«/';/«/) \bi, two; sulphur'\. reaction given by proteids and by urea when
A sulphate in which the base replaces but heated (when l)iuret is formed). It consists
one of the two hydrogen atoms of the acid. in the development of a violet color when a
Any acid sulphate having twice the amount few drops of a solution of cupric suljjhate
of acid contained in the corresponding nor- and an excess of potassium or sodium hydrate
mal sulphate. are added to the substance.
Bitartrate {l)i-tar'-trat^ [/;/,
two Taprapov, ; Bivalence [biv'-al-eits) [/^/, two; valens, hav-
tartar]. in which one replaceable
Any tartrate ing power]. In chemistry, a valence or satu-
hydrogen atom has been replaced l)y a base. rating power double that of the hydrogen
Bitemporal {fn-tem' -por-al) \bi, two; tem- atom.
pora, the temples]. Pertaining to the two Bivalent [biv'-al-ent) [bi, two valens, hav-;
temples. ing power]. In chemistry, applied to an

Bitter {bit'-er) [AS., bitan, to bite]. A pe- element of which an atom can replace two
culiar,well-known taste, of which that of atoms of hydrogen or other univalent ele-
quinin an example unpalatable.
is B. Al-
; ment, or to a radicle that has the same valence
mond, the nut of the Amygdalmn amaritni. as such an element.
It contains hydrocyanic acid. B. Almond Bivalve [bi'-Tah') [bi, two 7'al:'a, a valve].
;
Oil, oleum amygdala; amarre. See Brnzaldc- Having two valves or shells, as a speculum.
hyd. B. Apple, the fruit of the colocynth, Biventer (lii-ven'-ter') \J>i, two; venter, a
a purgative remedy. B. Blain, a West Indian belly]. Having two bellies, as a muscle.
herb, Vandcllia diffusa.^ employed in fevers B. cervicis, the inner portion of the com-
and in hepatic disorders. Unof B. Bugle- plexus muscle. B. maxillae, the digastricus
weed, the herb Lycopus enropieus, alterative muscle.
and tonic. Dose of fld. ext. f5s.s-j (16.0- Biventral [bi-ven'-tral) [/»/, two I'entrum, ;
32.0). Unof. B. Cucumber, colocynth. a stomach]. Having two stomachs having ;
B. Cup, a cup made of quassia wood. It two bellies, as the digastric muscle.
is a tonic. B. Purging Salt, magnesium Bixin [bihs'-in) \_/iixa, a genus of jilants],
sulphate. B, Root, the root of d'ntiana C,..H.,„().,. An orange-red coloring matter
cafi'sbivi, a tonic. B. Tincture, the iinc- found in annatto.
turaamara (N. F. ), prescrilêd also in the Bizygomatic [bi-zi-<ô-mat'-ii:) [bi, two;
German pharmacy it is a tincture of gen-
; C'nyufja, the zygomatic arch]. Relating to
tian, centaury, bitter orange-peel, orange- the most prominent points on the two /ygo-
berries, and zedoary ;
it is known also as nialic arches.
BIZZOZERO'S BLOOD-PLATES BLASTOCYST
Bizzozero's Blood-plates. See Blood- tonic, alterative, and deobstruent. Dose of
plalcs. fld. ext. TTL xx-xxx (1.3-2.0). Unof. B.
Black iblak) [AS., bhFc\. Characterized by Wash. See Hydi-argyrum B. Willow,
.
an absence of color. The appearance of an the buds of Salix nigra, a bitter tonic with
object from the surface of which none of the aphrodisiac properties. Dose of fld. ext. rr^
spectrum colors are reflected. B. Alder. xv-f^^j (1.0-4.0). Unof.
See Prinos. B. Antimony, antimonium Blackberry {Idak' -ber-e) [AS., bhec ; berie,
tersulphid, SbSg. B. Ash, the bark of berry]. See Ktdnis.
B. Cordial, the
Fraxinus sambucifolia, a mild tonic and cordiale rubi fructus (N. F. ). Its formula is :
astringent.Dose of fld. ext. f^ss-j (2.0- blackberry juice, 3 pints ; cinnamon, in

4.0). B. Blood, venous blood. B.
Unof. coarse powder, 2 Troy oz.; cloves and nut-
Cohosh. 'SeQCi/niti/uga. B. -damp, carbon meg, in coarse powder, each ^ Troy oz.;
dioxid gas, which is found in greater or less dilute alcohol, 2 pints syrup, 3 pints.
;
quantity in all collieries, being given oft by Blackwater-fever. A

very fatal infectious
many coals, either mixed with fire-damp, or disease occurring especially on the low
separately, or produced in various other ways, coasts of tropic Africa, but also in Sicily,
as by the exhalations of the miners, by fires, Greece, Central and South America, Java,
and liy explosions of fire-damp. Also called and New Ciuinea. The disease is almost ex-
choke-damp. B. Death. See Plague. B. clusively confined to the white race and is
Disease, a disease of malarial origin and characterized by a chill, an irregular inter-
pernicious course, characterized by extreme mittent or remittent fever, vomiting, dyspnea,
darkening of the skin, which maybe brown jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. An almost
or black in color. It occurs in the Garo invariable complication is nephritis. Studies
Hills in Assam. B. Draught. See Senna. of the blood have revealed the presence of a
B. Drop. See Opium. B. Erysipelas. Syn- small, annular, non-pigmented, intracellular
onym of Anthra.x. B. Eye, livor (or sugil- parasite also forms having a rosette or cres-
;
latio) oculi ecchymosis of the tissues about

; cent shape.
the eye, usually from injury. B. Haw. .See Bladder {blad'-er) [AS., Mr</;Y, a blister].
Vibuyniitn. B.-head. See Comedo. B. I. A membranous sac serving for the
recep-
Hellebore. See Hellebore. B. Jaundice, an tion of fluids or gases. 2. The recejitacle for
excessive jaundice arising from obstruction the urine. B., Atony of, inability to expel
of the gall-ducts. The
color of the skin the urine, from deficient muscular power.
is greenish-black. B. Lead, a form of car- B., Catarrh of. See Cystitis. B., Extro-
bon properly known as the mineral graphite. phy, or Extroversion of, absence of the
B.-Leg, a febrile, generally fatal disease anterior wall of the bladder, and more or
chiefly affecting cattle and sheep, which less deficiency of the corresponding part of
is characterized by the rapid appearance of the abdomen. B., Gall-, the receptacle
irregular nodules in the skin and muscular for the bile, situated on the lower surface of
tissues, that are at first tense and very painful, the liver. B., Irritable, a condition char-
but rapidly become painless and crepitating. acterized by constant desire to urinate. B.,
It is caused by the Bacillus chauv;T;i, or B. Neck of, the constricted portion continuous
of Symptomatic Anthrax. It is also called with the urethra in front. B., Nervous, a
Symptomatic Anthrax. B. Measles, ru- condition in which there is a frequent desire
beola nigra a grave or malignant form of
;
to pass water, with inability at the .same time
measles. B. Pepper. See Piper nigrum. to perform the act perfectly, and consequent
B. Phthisis, a synonym of Miner''s slight dribbling at its close. B., Sacculated,
B. Sickness, cerebrospinal fever.
Plithisis. pouches formed between the hypcrtrophied
B. Snake-root. See Cimicifuga. B. muscular fibers. B. Worm. See Worm.
Spauld. See Black- Leg. B. Spit. .See Blancard's Pills {blang'-kards). Pills of
Miner's Phthisis. B. Tongue. I. A the iodiil of iron.
name given to a condition characterized by Bland {bland) \blandus, mild]. Mild ;
the formation upon the dorsum of the tongue soothing.

of a hair-like deposit that passes through Blastema [blas-te'-vtali) [_i3?-nnTtifia,
from
various stages of coloration from yellow to j3?i.aaTdveiv, togerminate]. The formative
brown and finally black, ultimately disap- lymph or rudimentary tissue, from which, by
pearing by desquamation as gradually as it differentiation, tissues and organs are de-
came. Repeated recurrence is the rule. It veloped.
isprobably an undue proliferation of the epi- Blastochyle (blas^-to-kil) [/3XaoT(5f, a germ ;
thelium, the result of irritation. 2. A term ji'/lof, The colorless fluid in the
juice].
applied to erysipelatous glossitis. B. Vomit, blastodermic vesicles.
the coffee-ground vomit of yellow fever, etc. Blastocyst (blas^-to-sist) [^pTuiaror ,
a germ ;
B. Walnut, the leaves of Juglans nigra, a Kvari^-, a bladder]. The germinal vesicle.
BLASTODERM BLEPHAROSPASM
Blastoderm {bias' -to-denii) \j)'Kanr6q, a disinfectant. Bleaching Fluid, eau de Jav-
germ; (^tpijn, the skin].
In embryology, elk, a fluid ojjtained by passing chiorin-jjas
tlie germinal membrane formed by the cells into an emulsion of calcium
hydrate.
of the morula, lying on the internal surface Bleacher's Eczema {blech'erz ek'-zeni-ah).
of the vitelline membrane of the impreg- Eczema of he hands of bleachers, due to
I
nated ovum. The whole hollow sphere, the use of hot water and strong lye.
with its surrounding cells, is called the b/irs- Blear Eye (bler'-i). See Blepharitis ulcerosa.
todermic vesicle, and is formed about the Bleb {l>leb). See Bulla.
tenth day. The ectoderm (or epildas/) and Bleeders [ble'-derz) [AS., bledan, to bleed].
the endoderin (entodcr)n or hypoblast^ layers A popular term for those who are subjects
are simply due to a proliferation of the of the hemorrhagic diathesis. B.'s Dis-
blastodermic cells about the germinal area, ease. See llemopltilia.
whereby the blastoderm is doubled, thus Blennorrhagia (blen-or-a' -je-ah) [ji'/.twa,
forming these outer and inner layers. The mucus; pt:yvivai, to burst forth]. I. Aa
mesoblast or middle layer is developed after excessive raucous discharge. 2. (jonorrhea.
the others, and probably from the hypoblast. Blennorrhagic (blen-or-a'-jik) [/?>./i'm, mu-
Blastodermic Qdas-to-dcr' -mik) [/JAdrrrur, a cus ; Inyv'vvat, to burst forth]. Relating to
germ; dsftua, the skin]. Relating to the blennorrhagia.
blastoderm. Blennorrhea (blen-or-e' -ah) [,'?AtiT«, mucus ;
Blastodisc [blas'-fo-disk) [/S/laordf, a germ ; l^hiv, to flow]. Same as Blennorrhagia.
rf^cr/cof, disc]. A
blastodermic disc amass ; Blennorrhea! {blen- -al ) [/ jZ/i'j'a, mu-
or disc capping one pole of the yolk. cus /Vtn', to
;
flow]. Relating to blennor-
Blastogeny {blas-toj'-en-e) l^jfAdaTnc, a germ ;
rhea.
yivsGit;, generation]. Haeckel's term for the Blepharadenitis [[i^-
{blef-ar-ad-eni'-tis)
germ-history of an individual organism ; a (fxifwi', the eyelid ; a gland ; irtr, in-
a(h'/r,
division of ontogeny. flammation]. Inflammation of the Meibo-
Blastomere [bias' -to-iner^ [/W«crr(5f, a germ ; mian glands.
fiqvK, a part]. Any one of the nucleated Blepharitis {blef-ar-i'-tis) [,?/'i^npoi', the
cells or segments into which the fecundated eyelid ; irig, inflammation]. Inflammation
vitellus divides. of the eyelids. B. ciliaris, or B. margin-
Blastoneuropore {blas-to-nu'-ro-por) [jiTâa- alis, inflammation of the ciliary or marginal
TOQ, a germ vnvfjov, a nerve
; rcopor, a ; border of the lids. B. ulcerosa, an ulcera-
pore]. In biology, the temporary aperture tive inflammation of the eyelids.
in certain embryos formed by the coales- Blepharoadenitis [l>!ef-ar-o - ad- en - i'-tis).
cence of the blastopore and neitropore. See Blepharadenitis.
Blastophore [blas'-to-for) [/3/lafTrof, a germ [Idef ar-o-ad- en </-
-
; Blepharoadenoma -
i^qKiv, to bear]. That part of a sperm-cell mall) î-i?J(}iaiini', the eyelid ; a(î/i>, a gland ;
that does not become converted into sper- oua, a tumor]. An adenoma of the eyelid.
matozoa. Blepharoatheroma [blef -ar-o- ath-er - </-
Blastophyllum [blas-fo-JiF-ii/ii) [_l3'?infjT6c, a Utah) \_.Thhâpav, an eyelid ; a^Mipi], gruel ; oaa^
germ (pv'AXov, a leaf].
;
The endoderm or tumor]. A sebaceous cyst of the eyelid.
ectoderm ;
a primitive germ-layer. Blepharochromidrosis [l>lef-ar-o-kro-mid-
Blastophyly {blas-lo/f' -il-e)\_:3AaaT6c, a {;crm; ro'-sis) [o/l^'o«/)oi% the eyelid ; lYifj/m, color;
01'/.//, a trilje].
The tribal history of indi- h^pidq,sweat]. Colored sweat of the eyelids,
vidual organisms. usually of a bluish tint.
Blastopore [Idas' -to-por') \_!i\aaT6q, a germ ; Blepharophimosis [blef-ar-o-fi- mo' -sis) [(^"^t-
nopog, passage, pore]. The small opening (pdfMv, the eyelid; d't/iufrig, a shutting up].
leading into the notochordal canal, or, after Abnormal smallness of the palpebral aperture.
the canal has fused with the yolk-cavity, lead- Blepharoplasty (/'/^''-rj'/'-()-//(M-/'e') [/3//<>n/)oi',
ing into the archenteron. It is situated at the eyelid rr/'riacrtn', to fonn]

;
An operation .
the hind end of the primitive axis, and is a for the restoration of any part of the eyelid.
small portion of the gastrula mouth. Blepharoplegia {Idef-ar-o-pW -je-ah) [J?ô<i-
Blastula (blas'-tii-lali) [dim. of ^laa-oq, a pov, the eyelid ; nlriyl], a stroke]. Paralysis
germ]. The blastodermic vesicle. of an eyelid.
Blaud's V\W.\blohs'). A
pill containing equal Blepharoptosis (J>lef-ar-op-to'-sis) [,??fi*aooi',
parts iron sulphate and potassium carbonate; the eyelid Trrwrr^f, a fall].
; Drooping of
for use in anemia, etc. the uj-iper eyelid.
Bleach (blecJi) blacan, to make
[ME., Blepharorrhaphy(/V,f/"-rtr-(5r'-j?-/<')[/??./0npoi>,
To make
white or pale. Bleach- the eyelid ; paî], a seam]. The stitching
white].
ing Powder, chlorinated lime, a mixture of together of a portion of the edges of tlie lids.
calcium chlorid and calcium hypochlorite, Blepharospasm (M/'-rtr-i>-,v/(/;/«)[,'?A/^(7fKii',

containing free chlorin-gas. It is used as a the eyelid; azao/iog, a spasm]. Spasm of
BLEPHAROSTAT BLOODLETTING
the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle ;
exces- Blood {bind)[AS., ^/<?</]. The fluid that
sive winking. circulates through the heart, arteries, and
Blepharostat [ble/^-ar-o-shrt) [^(i^-eijiapov, the veins, supplying nutritive material to all parts
eyelid; lardvai, to cause to stand]. An of the body. In the human being the blood
instrument for holding the eyelids apart whilst of the arteries is bright-red and diclux)ic that
;
])erforming operations upon the eyes or lids. of the veins dark -red and monochioic. Blood
Blepharostenosis [^blef-ar-o-ste-no' -sis) [/?/lt- consists of plasma and corpuscular elements,
âpo I', the eyelid; ore wf, narrow]. Diminu- the latter being the red corpuscles, the white
tion of the space between the eyelids. corpuscles, and the blood-plaques. In a
Blepharosynechia [blef- ar-o-sin
- ek -
i'-aJi) cubic millimeter there are about 5,000,000
\_(jXi(l>apoif,
the eyelid awixîd, a holding
;
red and 10,000 white corpuscles. The red
together] . The adhesion or growing together color of the blood is due to the hemoglobin
of the eyelids. contained in the red corpuscles. The total
Blepharotomy (blef-ar-ot'-o-ine) \_ft7.mapov, amount of blood is estimated at jJj of the
the eyelid; Tefiveiv, to cut]. Licision into body- weight. When exposed to the air it
the eyelid. coagulates, fomiing a red clot and a yellow-
Blessed Thistle [blcs'-ed tliis'-l). See Cen- ish fluid called serum. Healthy blood con-
taitrea bcnedicta. sists of 78 per cent, of water, and 22 per
Blind {blind) [AS. M«r/]. Without sight;
,
cent, solids. B. -Casts, tube-casts to which
deprived of sight. B. Spot, that part of the red blood-corpuscles are attached. B. -Cor-
fundus of the eye where the optic nerve enters. puscles, Red, circular, biconcave discs float-
Blindness {blind' -nes) [AS., blind\ Want ing in the l)lood. Redcorpuscles are circu-
of vision. B., Color-, imperfect color-per- lar in mammals (except the camel), and
ception. This condition is found in about elliptical in birds and reptiles. In man they
4 per cent, of persons, is more frequent in are about -^-i^-^ inch {"] fi) in diameter and
men than in women, and is probably due to T'îoo 'nch thick. Colorless corpuscle's an-
non-exercise of the color-sense. Complete about one-third larger in diameter, jôu ^'i^"''
Color-B. is very rare, the different colors (10 //). They exhibit movements similar to
probably appearing as different intensities or those of the ameba. B.-crasis, the mixture
shades of white light. In Partial Color-B. of the constituents of the blood. When the
defective perception of red is the most fre- blood-crasis is diseased or disordered, the
quent, green, blue, and yellow, respectively, condition is known as dyscrasia. B. -crys-
being next in order. Tests for Color-B. tals, crystals of hematoidin. B., Defibri-
usually consist in matching and classifying nated, blood from which the fibrin has been
colored yarns. B., Cortical, blindness due removed by agitating it with twigs. B. -dis-
to lesion of the cortical center of vision. ease, a synonym of Dyscrasia. B. -fluke.
B., Day-. See Nyctalopia. B., Mind-. See See Bilharzia hcmatobia. B. -islands, a
B., Fsvchic. B., Moon-, a rare condition of term applied to the groups of corpuscles de-
retinal anesthesia said to be due to exposure veloped during the first days of embr)'onic
of the eyes to the moon's rays in sleeping. life, within the large branched cells of the
B., Night-. See Hemeralopia. B., Object-. mesoblast. B. -plaque. Sae B. -platelets. B.-
See Apraxia. B., Psychic, loss of conscious plasma, the liquor santîiinis, or fluid jmrt
visual sensation from destruction of the cere- of the blood. B. -plate. See B. -platelets.
bral visual center there is sight but not re-
;
B. -platelets, circular or oval, light-gray
cognition. B., Snow-, photophobia and con- bodies found in the blood. They are from I
in size, and number from 18,000 to
junctivitis due to exposure of the eyes to the to 1.3 ji
glare of sunlight upon snow. B., Word-. 300,000 in the cubic millimeter. Their func-
See Aphasia. tion is not definitely known they are an im-
;
Blister {blis'-ter) [ME., blister,a vesicle]. portant factor in thrombosis. B. -poisoning,

A vesicle resulting from tlie exudation of a morbid state due to the circulation of bac-
serous fluid between the epidermis and true teria or their products, or both, in the blood, as
skin. Also the agent by which the blister is the result of a local infection. B. -pressure,
produced. B., Fly-, a blister of cantharides. the tension of the blood in the arteries. B.-
See CantJiaris. B., Flying, a blister that root. See Sanguinaria. B. -tumor. See
remains long enough to produce redness of Hematoma.
the skin and not vesication. Bloodless [blud'les) [AS., blod^ With-
Blistering [blis'-ter-i>7(f) [ME., /'//,?/<»;, a vesi- out blood. B. Operations, surgical opera-
cle]. Forming a vesicle upon the skin. B. tions, such as amputations, in which the
Collodion, a solution of cantharidin in collo- member is so bandaged by compresses and
dion. B. Liquid. Same as B. Collodion. elastic bands that the blood is expelled and
B. Paper, paper saturated with cantharides; kept from the part to be operated upon .
used for producing vesication. Bloodletting {blud-let' -ing) [AS., blod ;

BONES BONES
Atlas, Superior Surface. Axis, Lateral Aspect.

Tubercle of anterior arch. 2. Articular facet Body. Odontoid process. 3. Facet for articu
2.
for odontoid process of axis. 3. Posterior arch latins; with anterior arch of atlas. 4. Lamina.
and posterior tubercle. 4. Groove for vertebral 5. Spinous process. 6. Transverse process
artery and first cervical nerve. 5. Transverse 7. Superior articular process. 8. Inferiof
process. 6. Foramen for vertebral artery. 7. articular process.
Superior articular process. 8. Tubercle for
attachment of transverse ligament.
Atlas and Axis, Anterior Surface.

I, I. Lateral masses of atlas. 2, 2. Anterior arch
of atlas, including odontoid process of axis.
3. Tubercle of anterior arch. 4,4. Transverse
processes of atlas. 5,5. Inferior articular pro-
cesses of atlas. 6, 6. Superior articular pro-
Axis, Posterosuperior View. cesses of atlas. 7, 7. Inferior articular pro-
I. Posterior surface of body. 2. Odontoid process. cesses. 8, 8. Transverse processes, q. Ante-
3, 3. Superior articular processes. 4, 4. Infe- rior surface of body of axis. 10. Apex of
rior articular processes. 5, 5. Transverse pro- odontoid process.
cesses. 6. Spinous process.
Seventh Cervical Vertebra, Posterosuperior View. Dorsal Vertebra, Anterosuperior View.

3, 3. Ante- Anterior surface. 2. Vertebral foramen. 3.
1. Body. 2, 2. Transverse processes.
rior or costal roots of transverse processes. Spinous process. 4. 4. Transverse processes.
Foramina for vertebral arteries. 5, 5. 5, 5. Articular surfaces for l\ibercles of ribs.
4, 4. Pedi-
Superior articular processes. 6, 6. Inferior 6, 6. Superior articular processes. 7, 7.
articular processes. 7,7. Laminae, 8. Spinous cles.

process. 9. Spinal foramen.
BONES BONES
Eleventh Dorsal Vertebra, Lateral View.

Articular facet for head of eleventh rib. 2
First Dorsal Vertebra, Lateral View. Transverse process. 3. Superior tubercle o
transverse process. 4. Inferior and anteiiî
J. Superior surface of body. 2, 2. Semilunar pro-
cesses. 3. Articular facet for head of first rib. tubercle. 5. Inferior and posterior tubercle
4. Demifacet for head of second

rib. 5. Supe- 6. Superior articular process. 7. Inferio:
rior articular process. 6, 6. Inferior articular articular process. 8. Spinous process.
Articu-
processes. 7. Transverse process. 8.
lar facet for tubercle of first rib. 9. Spinous
process.
Twelfth Dor.sal Vertebra, Lateral View.

Articular facet for head of twelfth rib. 2. Trans-
verse process. 3. Superior and posterior tuber-
cle of transverse process. 4. Inferior and pos-
terior tubercle. 5. Inferior and anterior
tubercle. 6. Superior articular process. 7, 7.
Inferior articular processes. 8. Spinous pro-
Lumbar Vertebra, Posterosuperior View.
cess.
I. Anterior surface of body. 2, 2. Transverse
processes. 3. Spinous process. 4, 4. Superior
articular processes. 5, 5. Inferior articular
processes.
s
Sacrum, Posterior Aspect. Sacrum, Anterior Aspect.

I, I, I, I. Spinous processes of sacral vertebrae. ii I , I, I. Bodies of sacral vertebr;e, with trans-
2, 2. Sacral groove. 3, 3, 3, 3. Posterior sacral verse lines of union. 2, 2, 2, 2. Anterior sacra!
foramina. 4, 4, 4, 4. Articular processes, foramina. 3. Base. 4. Auricular surface of
united. 5, 5, 5, 5. Transverse processes. 6, 6. lateral aspect. 5. Its inferior portion. 6. Ar-
Cribiform fossa. 7, 7. Auricular surface. 8,8. ticular surface of base. 7. Notch for formation
Superior articular processes of first sacral ver- of last lumbar intei"vertebral foramen. 8.
tebra. 9. Superior orifice of sacral canal. 10. Superior articular process of first sacral verte-
Groove representing inferior orifice. 11, 11. bra. 9. Apex of sacrum. 10. Coriui. 11. Notch
Cornua. 12. Ape.\. for transmission of fifth sacral nerve.
BONES BONES
. Base. 2, 2. Cor-
iiua. 3. Second
coccygeal ver-
tebra. 4. Third
coccygeal verte-
bra. 5. Fourth
coccygeal ver-
tebra. 6. Fifth
coccygeal ver-
tebra.
6
Coccyx, Ante-
rior Aspect.
Parietal, Temporal, and Sphenoid Bones; Posterior Aspect.

Body of sphenoid bone. 2, 2. S|jhenoid and
temporal bones. 3,3.
Parietal bones. 4, 4. Mastoid processes. 5, 5. Jugular fossa-.
6, 6. Notches entering into formation of sphenoid fissures.
7, 7.
Sphenoparietal sutures. 8, 8. Sphenotemporal sutures. 9, 9. Tem-
poroparietal sutures.
Occipital Bone ; Postero-

inferior View.
I. Basilar process. 2.
F"oranien magnum.
3, 3. Posterior condy-
1 o i d foramina. 4.
Crest. 5. External
occipital protuber-
ance. 6, 6. Condyles.
7. 7- Jugular pro-
cesses. 8, 8. Jugular
fossa:.
Nasal Bones, Extenial Aspect.

Vertebral Column,
Lateral Aspect. I, I. The two nasal bones. 2,
2. Superior extremity. 3,
1-7. Cervical vertebrce. 3. Inferior border. 4, 4. In-
8-19.
Dorsal vertebrse. ternal bolder. 5, 5, 5, 5.
20-24.
Lumbar External border.
vertebrae.A, A.
Spinous processes. B, B.
Articular facets of trans-
verse processes of first ten
dorsal vertebr:e. C. Auri-
cular surface of sacrum. D.
Foramina in transverse pro-
cesses of cervical vertebrae.
II
BONES BONES
I, I. Vertical crest, dividing ex-
ternal surface into two parts.
2. Spine, in which crest ter-
minates. 3. Sulcus contribut-
ing: to the formation of lacri-
mal canal. 4. Continuation
of preceding, contributing to
formation of nasal canal. 5.
Posterior division of external
surface, contributing to for-
mation of orbit.6,6. Anterior
border. 7,7. Posterior border.
Superior extremity.
8. 9.
Lacrimal Bone, Portion of inferior border that
External Aspect. articulates with lacrimal pro-
cess of inferior turbinated
bone. 10. Portion that articulates with orbital
plate of superior maxillary bone.
Palate Bone, External Aspect.

Kxternal surface of orbital process. 2. Superior
or orbital surface. 3. Anterior or maxillary
surface. 4. Notch forming greater part of
sphenopalatine foramen. 5. Sphenoid pro-
cess. 6. Groove entering into formation of
posterior palatine canal. 7. Surface that enters
into the formation of base of maxillary sinus.
8. E.xternal surface of pterygoid process.
9.
Groove to receive posterior border of internal
plate of pterygoid process.
Inferior Turbinated Bone, Internal or Convex

Aspect.
I, I. Anteroposterior ridge, dividing the internal
Malar Bone, External Aspect. surface into two almost equal parts. 2, 2. Infe-
Orifice formalar nerve. 2, 2. Superior or orbital rior border. 3, 3. Anterior portion of superior
border. 3, 3. Inferior or zygomatic border. border, articulating with nasal process of supe-
4, 4. Posterior or temiioral border. 5, 5. Ante- rior maxillary bone. 4. Lacrimal process. 5.
rior or maxillary border. 6. Superior angle. 7. Ethmoid process. 6. Portion of superior
Inferior angle. 8. Anterior angle. 9. Posterior border that articulates with palate bone. 7.
angle. Anterior extremity. 8. Posterior extremity.
. Anterior aspect of pyramidal process, or canine fossa. 2.

Incisive or myrtiform fossa. 3. Infraorbital foramen. 4.
Summit of pyramidal process, or malar process. 5. Posterior
aspect of pyramidal process. 6. Inferior border of pyramidal
process. 7. Posterior border, or maxillary tuberosity. 8.
Nasal process. 9. Posterior border, grooved for lacrimal
duct. 10. Anterior nasal spine. 11. Infra-orbital groove. 12.
Summit of nasal process. 13. Posterior and superior angle.
14. Superior border. 15. Anterior border of nasal process.
16. Notch for anterior opening of nasal fossae.
Superior Maxillary Bone External

Aspect.
.
BONES BONES
Inferior Maxillary Bone, External Aspect.

Body of bone and external oblique line. 2
Hyoid Bone, Anterior Aspect.
Ramus. 3. Symphysis. 4. Incisive fossa. 5.
I. Anterior or convex surface of body. 2, 2.
Mental foramen. 6. Depression in inferior Greater cornua. 3, 3. Junction of greater cor-
border for attachment of digastric muscle. 7, nua with body. 4, 4. Lesser cornua.
Depression for passage of facial artery. 8,
Angle of jaw. 9. Posterior extremity of inter
nal oblique line. 10. Coronoid process. 11.
Condyle. 12. Sigmoid notch. 13. Origin of
inferior dental canal. 14. Mylohyoid groove.
15. Alveolar border, a. Incisors, b. Bicuspids
c. Canines, m. Molars.
Lateral Aspect of Skull.

t. Frontal bone. 2. Parietal bone. 3. Occipital bone. 4. Temporal bone. 5. Greater wing of sphenoid
bone. 6. Lambdoid suture. 7. Occipitoparietal suture. 8. Squamoparietal suture. 9. Mastoparii--
tal suiure. 10. Sphenoparietal suture. 11. Sphenotemporal suture. 12. Sphenofrontal suture. 13,
13. Temporal ridge. 14. Malar bone. 15. Frontomalar suture. 16. Maloteniporal suture. 17. Malo-
maxillary suture. 18. Superior maxillary bone. 19. Infraorbital foramen. 20. Nasal bone. 21.
Nasomaxillary suture. 22. Nasofrontal suture. 23. Lacrimal groove, at the bottom of whidi may
be seen the suture between the lacrimal and the superior maxillary bones. 24. Nasal eminence. 25.
Inferior maxillary bone. 26. Mental foramen. 27. Angle of lower jaw. 28. Coronoiii process. 2<i.
Condyle. 30. Neck of condyle. 31. External auditory canal. 32. Styloid process. 33. Mastoid
process. 34. Masto-occipital suture.
BONES BONES
Base of Skull.
Median suture of palatine vault. 2. Inferior orifice of anterior palatine canal. 3, 3. Inferior openings
of posterior palatine canals. 4. Posterior border of palatine vault posterior nasal spine. 5. Poste-
;
rior border of nasal septum. 6. Hamular process of internal pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone. 7. In-
ternal pterygoid plate. 8. External pterygoid plate. 9. Scaphoid fossa. 10. Oval or inferior maxillary
foramen. 11. Foramen spinosum. 12. Foramen lacerum medium. 13. Zygomatic arch. 14. Spheno-
occipital suture. 15. Glenoid ca\ily. 16. E.xternal auditory canal. 17. Mastoid process. iS, 18.
Styloid process anci st>lomastoid foramen. 19. Inferior orifice of carotid canal. 20. Foramen lace-
rum posterius. 21,21. Occipital condyles. 22. Basilar process. 23. Foramen magnum. 24. Exter-
nal occipital crest. 25, 25. Inferior curved lines of occipital bone.
The Orbital Cavities.

Anterior opening of the nasal
fossa. 2. Anterior extremity
of inferior turbinated bone.
3. Malar bone. 4, 4. Orbital
cavities. 5. Lacrimal canal.
6. Os planum of ethmoid. 7.
Optic foramen. 8. Sphenoid
fissure. 9. Sphenomaxillary
fissure. 10. Great wing of
sphenoid. 11. Squamous por-
tion of temporal. 12. An-
tero-inferior angle of parie-
tal. 13. Portion of frontal
entering into formation of
temporal fossa. 14. Mastoid
process. 15. Styloid process.
BONES BONES
Clavicle, Inferior Aspect.

Longitudinal depression for insertion of sub-
muscle. 2. Rough impression for at-
clayius
tachment of costoclavicular ligament.
3 3
For attachment of coracoclavicular ligaments
4, 4. Posterior border. 5, 5. Anterior border
6. Facet for articulaliou with
sternum. 7
Facet for articulation with acromion.
Thorax, Anterior View.

Manubrium sterni. 2. Gladiolus. 3. F.nsiform
cartilage or xiphoid appendi.x. 4." Circumfer-
ence of apex of thorax. 5. Circumference of
base. 6. First rib. 7. Second rib. 8, 8. Third,
fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs. 9. Eighth,
ninth, and tenth ribs. 10. Eleventh and twelfth
ribs, u, II. Costal cartilages.
Ribs of Left Side,

Posterior Aspect.
1-12. Anterior ex-
tremities of twelve
ribs of left side.
13, 13. Internal sur-
face. 14, 14. Ex-
ternal surface. 15.
Head of first rib.
16. Head of second
rib. 17. Head of
third rib. iS, iS.
Heads of ribs from
fourth to ninth.
10. Head of tenth
rib. 20, 20. Heads
of eleventh and
twelfth ribs. 21, 21.
Necks of ribs. 22.
Tubercle of first
rib. 23. Articular
facet of tubercle of
second rib. 24, 24. Scapula, Postero-extemal Aspect.
Articular facets of
Supraspiniuis fossa. 2. Infraspinous
tubercles of ribs f<5Ssa. or coracoid
3. Superior
from third tf> ninth. border. 4. Coracoid or supra-
Articular facit Axillary or
25. scapular notch. 5.
for tubercle of tenth external border. 6. Anterior angle
rib. 26, 26. Angles and gleniiid cavity. 7. Inferior
of ribs. angle. .S. Rough impression for
long head of triceps, n. Internal
or spinal or vertebral l>order. lo.
Spine. II. Smooth surface over
which trapezius muscle glides, u.
Acromion. 13. Itase of spine. Lj.
Coracoid process.
BONES BONES
Bones of Car-
pus, Dorsal
Aspect.
R. Inferior ex-
tremity of ra-
dius. U. In-
ferior extrem-
ity of ulna.
F. Interartic-
ular fibro-
cartilage. S.
Scaphoid. L.
Sem lu nar.
i
C. Cuneiform.
P. Pisiform.
T. Trapezium.
T. Trapezoid.
M Os mag-
.
num. U. Unci-
form. The
numbers upon
these bones indicate the number of others with
which each articulates, i, 2, 3, 4, 5. Proximal
extremities of first, second, third fourth, and
fifth metacarpal b<3nes.
Hand, Palmar Surface.

I. Scaphoid. 2. Semilunar. Cuneiform. 4.
3.
Pisiform. 5. Trapezium. 6. Groove
for tendon
of flexor carpi radialis. Trapezoid. S. Os
7.
magnum. 9. Unciform. 10, 10. Metacarpal
bones. 11, 11. First phalanges of fingers. 12,
12. Second phalanges. 13, 13. Third phalanges.
. 14. First phalanx of thumb. 15. Second phal-
anx.
Foot, Plantar Aspect.

Inferior surface of calcaneum. 2. Inner tuber-
~^
osity. 3. Outer tuberosity. 4. Angular depres- b O/ ICI
sion between these tuberosities. 5. Inferior
Median Section of Pelvis, Plane and Axis of Supe-
portion of head of astragalus. 6. Plantar sur- rior Strait.
face of cuboid, for attachment of inferior
calcaneocuboid ligament. 7. Tuberosity of I. Sacrovertebral angle. 2, 2. Median section of
cuboid. 8. Scaphoid. 9. Tuberosity of sca- sacrum. 3- Median section of coccyx. 4.
phoid. 10. hiferior portion of internal cunei- Junction of sacrum and coccyx. 5, 5. Sacral
form. II. Apex of middle cuneiform. 12. canal. 6. Median section of symphvsis pubis.
Apex of internal cuneiform. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. 7. Anteroposterior or sacropubic diameter of
First, second, third, fourth, and fifth meta- pelvic inlet, h. Prolongation of this diameter.
tarsal bones. 18. Tuberosity of fifth metatar- 8. Line perpendicular to this diameter at its
sal bone. ig. Two sesamoid bones. 20. First middle. 9. Anteroposterior or coccipubic di-
phalanx of great toe. 21. Last phalanx of ameter of pelvic outlet. 10. Horizontal line
gi'eat toe. 22, 22. First phalanges of remain- passing through inferior margin of symphysis
ing toes. 23, 23. Second and third phalanges pubis. II. Line perpendicular to last. 12.
of these toes. Arc of angle between these two.

BONES BONES
'
m
Humerus, Anterior Aspect.
2. Humeral head.
Radius and Ulna, Anterior
Diaphysis.
3. Anatomic neclc. 4. Greater Aspect.
or external tuberosity. Anterior surface of body of
5.
Lesser or anterior tuberosity. ulna, 2. Greater sigmoid
6. Bicipital groove. cavity, Lesser sigmoid
7. Ridge 3-
for attachment of coraco- cavitj. 4. Olecranon. 5
brachialis muscle. 8. Ante- Coronoid process. 6. Orifice
rior border of shaft. 9. Ex- of nutrient canal. Inter-
7.
ternal surface. 10. Orifice of osseous space. 8. Head of
nutrient canal. 11. Lesser ulna. 9. Styloid process
or radial head. 12. Trochlea. 10. Body of radius. 11. Head
13. External condyle or epi- 12. Neck. Bicipital tu-
13.
condyle. 14. Internal con- berosity. 14. Ridge for in-
dyle or epitrochlea. 15. In- sertion of pronator radii
ferior portion of external teres. 15. Inferior extremity
border. 16. Inferior portion of radius. 16. Styloid pro-
of internal border. cess.
17. Coro-
noid fossa.
^ 19
Femur, Posterior Aspect.

I, I. Linea aspera. 2, 2.
External division. 3.
Internal division. 4,
4. Inferior divisions.
Tibia and Fibula, Anterior
5. Head. 6. Depres- Aspect.
sion for attachment Shaft of tibia. 2. Internal
of round ligament. tuberosity. 3. External tu-
7. Neck. S. Great bero.sity. Spine. 5, Tuber-
4.
trochanter. 9. Digi-
cle. 6. Crest. 7. Inferior
tal or trochanteric extremity. 8. Internal mal-
fossa. 10. Lesser tro- leolus. Shaft of fibula.
9.
chanter. II. Outer 10. Superior extremity. 11.
condyle. 12. Inner Inferior extremity and exter-
condyle. 13. Inter-
nal malleolus.
condyloid notch. 14.
Outer tuberosity. 15.
Inner tuberosity.
'B
145
I
BONES BONES
Right Innominate Bone, External Aspect.

:.
Superior border, or crest. 2. Anterior superior iliac spine. 3. Posterior superior iliac spine. 4,4,4.
Superior curved line. 5, 5. Inferior curved line. 6. Surface between inferior curved line and aceta-
bulum. 7. Anterior inferior iliac spine. 8. Anterior interspinous notch. 9. Posterior inferior iliac
spine. 10. Posterior interspinous notch. 11. Spine of ischium. 12. Great sacrosciatic notch. 13.
Acetabulum. 14. Fundus of acetabulum. 15, 15. Circumference of acetabulum. 16. Cotyloid notch.
17. Spine of pubes. 18. Horizr)ntal branch of pubes. 19. Descending- branch of pubes. 20, 20.
Ischium. 21. Groove for tendon of obturator externus muscle. 22. Obturator foramen.
Pelvis, Anterosuperior View, Superior Strait.

I, I. Internal iliac fossae. 2,2. Iliac crests. 3,3. Anterior superior iliac spines. 4,4. Anterior inferior
6, 6. Horizontal branches of pubes. 7, 7. Bodies and
iliac spines. 5, 5. Iliopectineal eminences.
symphysis of pubes. 8, 8. Acetabula. 9, g. Tuberosities of ischia. 10, 10. Ascending rami of
ischium. 11,11. Descending rami of pubes. 12,12. Spines of ischia.' 13,13. Posterior wall of pelvic
cavity. 14, 14. Sacro-iliac symphyses. 15. Sacrovertebral angle. 16, 16. Superior strait.
BLUE BONE
letanl. The abstraction of blood
artificial boldo and other species. It is an hypnotic in
from the body. B., General, venesection or doses of gr. xx-^j (1.3-4.0). L'nof.
phlebotomy. B., Local or Topic, the re- Boldus {bol'-dus) [L.]. Holdo. The
moval of a small quantity of blood by cup- leaves and steins of an evergreen, Peumui
ping, leeching, or scarification. boldo, native to Chili, sometimes used in
Blue [ME., blew]. One of the colors
[I'lfti) anemia and general debility as a substitute
of the
spectrum. B.-baby, a child with for quinin. It contains a bitter
alkaloid,
congenital cyanosis. B. -bottle. See dn- Boldin, an hypnotic in doses of gr. iij (0.2).
taiirca. B. Blindness, defective color-per- B., Ext., Fid. Dose n\j-iv (0.065-0.26).
ception for blue. B. Cohosh. See Caido- B., Tinct., contains 20 per cent, of the drug.
phyllitm. B. Disease, cyanosis of the new- Dose n\^v-viij (0.32-0.52).
born, usually due to congenital disease of the Bole {bol) [,iw>'(f, a clod of eartii]. A
heart. B. Flag. See Iris. B. Gentian, translucent, soft variety of clay formerly much
the root of Gentiana catesbici, tonic and used in medicine, internally as an astringent,
stomachic. iJose of fld. ext.
ir^x-xl (0.65- externally as an absorbent. Several varie-
2.65). Unof. B. Gum
Tree. See £u- ties are used, as the Armenian bole, the
calyptus. B. Cardinal Flower. Synonym Lemnian, and the French bole.

of Lobelia syphilitica. B. Edema, a puffed Boletus {bode'-tus) \_îjkiTnq, a kind of mush-
and bluish appearance of the limb sometimes room]. A genus of fungi, some species of
seen in hysteric paralysis. B. Mass. See which are edible, while others are highly
Hydrargyrum. B., Methylene. See Mcthy- poisonous.
Ifnc Blue. B. Ointment. See Hydrargv- Bolus [bo'-lus] [L.]. I. A large pill. 2.
rum. B. Pill. See Hvdi-argyrum. B., The rounded mass of food prepared by the
Prussian, ferric ferrocyanid, Fe^3Fe(C3N.,).^. mouth for swallowing. 3. See Bole.
B. Stick. Same as B. Ston,'. B. Stone, Bone (boil) [AS., ban, a bone]. A hard tis-
copper sulphate. B., Turnbull's, ferrous sue that constitutes the framework or skele-
ferrocyanid, Fe.jFe.^(C3N3)^. B. Vitriol, ton of the body. Bone usually consists of a
copper sulphate. com])act outer mass covered with periosteum,
Blunt-hook [lilunt'-liook'). An obstetric in- surrounding a reticulated inner structure that
strument, used mainly in embryotomy. encloses a central cavity filled with marrow.
Boas's Reagent. A reagent for detecting the A transverse section of a long bone shows
presence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric bone-tissue to be composed of a numiier of
juice. It consists of resorcin 5; sugar 3, di- nearly circular zones, each having a central
lute alcohol ICO parts. tube, the Haversian canal, through which the
Bochdalek's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table blood circulates. Surrounding the Haver-
of. sian canal are concentrically arranged
"BoAy I. The animal laminre, or layers of bone, between which are
{bod'-e) l^'ii., bodig'].
frame with its organs. Also a cadaver or found irregular spaces called lacunie, con-
corpse. 2. The important and largest part taining bone corpuscles and communicating
of an organ, as the body of the uterus. See with the Haversian canal and each other by
also Corpus and Corpora. B. Louse. See means of canaliculi, through which the nu-
Pcdiculus. trition is conveyed to all parts of the bone.
"ôW (boil) SJAY.., boile\ furuncle A
a lo- ;
B. Ash, the calcic phosph.ate remaining
calized infiamraation of the skin and subcu- after bones have been incinerated. B. Car-
taneous connective tissue attended by the tilage. See Ostein. B., Collar, the clav-
formation of pus. See Furunculus. B., icle. B. -conduction, the transmission of
Aleppo, or B., Delhi, a peculiar ulcerative sound-waves to the auditory nerve i)y mean-^
affection endemic in India, due to a specific of sonorous vibrations communic.ited to the
microorganism. bones of the skull. B.-cyst, a tumor dis-
Boiled Oil. Linseed oil that has been heated tending and thinning bone, and filled with
to a high temperature (130° C. and upward), serum or bloody fluid in rare cases JHine-
;
while a current of air is passed through or cysts contain hydatids. B., Epipteric \}-i,
over the oil, and the temjjerature increased upon; TT-f/xii', a wing], a small Wormian
until the oil begins to effervesce from evolu- bone sometimes found between the great
tion of products of decomposition. wing of the sjihenoid and the anterior infe-
Boiler-makers' Deafness. See Deafness. rior angle of the parietal bone. B., Flat, a
Boiling (boil' -ing) [ME., boilen, to stir].
bone more or less in the form of a plate.
The vaporization of a liquid when it
gives off B. -gelatin. See Gelatin. B., Long, one
consisting of a narrow shaft
and two ex-
vapor having the same tension as the sur-
an ossilic.ation
rounding air. panded ends. B., Rider's,
Boldo (boF-do). See Boldus. B.-glucine, of the lower tendon of the adduc l.>r longus
an aromatic glucosid obtained from Peumus or magnus from pressure. B., Sesamoid.
BONESET BOVININE
See Sesamoid. B., Short, one the three science of plants — their classification and
dimensions of which are approximately equal. structure.
B., \Aôrmian, small bones in the sutures Bothriocephalus (bolh-re-o-sef' -al-us) [/3o0-
of the skull. piov, a pit ; Ketba/Ji, a head]. A genus of
Boneset. See Ettpatorinm. tapeworms. B. latus, the fish tapeworm,
Bonnet's Capsule. See Town's Capsule. a common parasite of man in certain Euro-
Boot, Junod's. See Ju?iO(i's Boot. pean localities. It may reach twenty-five
Boracic Acid {ho-ras'-ik as'-id). See Acid, feet in length, with a breadth of three-fourths
Boric, and Boron. of an inch. It is also called Tenia lata
Borate (bo' -rat) [Ar. buraq, borax]. Any
,
and Dibothrium latum.
salt of boric acid. Botryoid [bot'-re-oid) [(iorpv^, a cluster;
Borax [bo'-raks). See Boron. fiJof, likeness].' Resembling in shape a
Borborygmus [bor-bor-ig-'-mus] l_j3npfiopvy- bunch of grapes.
lioq, a rumbling]. A rumbling of the bowels. Bottcher's Cells. Small cells in the cochlea,
Boric Acid (bo' -rik as'-id ).
See. Boron. occurring in a single layer on the basilar mem-
Borneo Camphor (bor'-ne-o kajn'-for). See brane. B.'s Crystals, peculiar microscopic
Bonu'o/. crystals formed by adding a drop of a one
Borneol (l)or'-nc-ol) ^\_Borneo'\, C,QHjgO. per cent, solution of phosphate of ammonia
Borneo Camphor ;
a substance that occurs in to a drop of prostatic secretion. They are
Dryobalanops camphora, a tree growing in composed of a phosphate formed from a base
Borneo and Sumatra. It is artihcially pre- that exists in prostatic fluid, and that is sup-
pared by treating the alcoholic solution of posed to impart to it its
peculiar odor.
common camphor with sodium. Bottger's Test. A
test for sugar in the
Boroglycerid [bo-ro-glis' -er-id). A mixture urine. The alkalinized with sodium

urine is
of boric acid, 62 parts, with glycerol, 92 hydrate, a little bismuth subnitrate is added,
parts. It is antiseptic. Unof. and the urine boiled. A
black color, due to
Boron {bo'-ron)\_\x., buraq, borax]. B v=: ii; the reduction of the bismuth, will lie produced
quantivalence III, V. A
non-metallic ele- if sugar is present. Albumin, if present,
ment occurring in two allotropic forms as a — must previously be removed.
powder and as a crystalline substance. It is Botulism, Botulismus {bot'-u-lizm, bot-u-
the base of boric acid and of the mineral iis'-mus) \bofulus, a sausage]. Sausage-
borax. Boracic, or, more properly, Boric poisoning.
Acid, II.,B(\j, a crystalline substance, found Bougie [boo-zhe') [Fr. a candle]. , slen- A
native in the volcanic lagoons of Tuscany. It der, cylindric instrument made of waxed silk,
occurs in white, transparent crystals, soluble catgut, etc., for introduction into the urethra
in water and alcohol it is
antiseptic.
;
Dose or other passage, for the purpose of dilatation,
gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). Unguent. Acidi Borici exploration, etc. B. a boule. See B.,
(B. P.), contains hard paraffin 2, soft paraffin Bulbous. B., Armed, a bougie with a piece
4. boric acid I. It is used as an antiseptic of silver nitrate or other caustic attached to
and in dermatology. Borax, Na.B.jO^,- its extremity. B., Bulbous, a bougie with
loIIjO, sodium biborate, occurs as white, a bulbous tip. B., Filiform, a whalebone
transparent crystals, soluble in water, alcohol, or other bougie of very small diameter.
and glycerol. It is used as an antiseptic. Bouillon {boo-e-yon{gy) [Fr.]. I. A broth
Dose gr. v-xl (0.32-2.6). Glyccrinunt made by boiling meat, usually beef, in water.
Boracis (B. P.), contains borax, glycerol, 2. A liquid nutritive medium for the culture
and distilled water; it is used as a local of microorganisms jirepared from finely
application. Mel Boracis (B. P.), borax chopped beef or beef extract.
honey, contains borax, clarified honey, and Bourdin's Paste. A mixture of nitric acid
glycerol (about i in 7) ; it is used as a local with flowers of sulphur ;
it is used as an
application. escharotic.
'&o%se\aXe6. (bos'-el-a-ted) [ME., Ao.f]. Cov- Bourdonnement [boor-dun->iioii(g)') [Fr. ,
ered with bosses or small nodules. bourdonncr, to buzz\. Any Inizzing sound.
Bot (bot) \botus, a belly worm]. The larva The murmur that is heard when the stetho-
of certain species of flies of the genus OLstrus, scope is applied to any part of the body. It
which are conveyed into the stomach of man, is thought to result from contraction of the
where they hatch. Also the thread-worm, muscular fibrillar.
Oxvnris Termicularis. Bovine (bo'-vin) \boTinus, of an ox]. Ox-
Botal, or Botallo, Duct of. See Diuf. B., like. B. Heart, the immensely hypertro-
Foramen of. See Foramina, Tabic of. phied heart of aortic valvular disease.
Botalismus [bot-al-iz'-?Hus). See Botulis- Bovinine (bo'-vin-in) \bos {gen. bovis), an
VUIS. ox]. A proprietary preparation of beef used
Botany (bot'-ati-e') [;3ordi7/, an herb]. The as a food for invalids and convalescents.
BRAIN BRAIN
Superior Aspect, or Convexity,

of the Brain.
I, I. Fissure of Rolando. 2, 2.
Ascending frontal corivolu-
t'wi- 3. 3- Ascending and
superior parietal convolu-
tions. 4, 4. First frontal
convolution. 5, 5. Second
frontal. 6,6. Third frontal.
First occipital.
7, 7- 8, 8.
Second occipital. 9, 9.
Third Ante-
occipital. 10.
rior extremity of corpus
callosum. 11. Posterior ex-
tremity.
Inferior Aspect of the Brain.

I. Anterior
extremity of corpus
callosum. 2. Optic chiasm.
3. Tuber cinereum and
infundibukun. 4. Corpora
albicantia, or mamillaria.
5. Pons varolii. 6. Third
nerve. 7. Aqueduct of Svl-
vius. 8. Testes. 10. Infe-
rior surface of frontal lobe.
II, II. Convolution of the
fissure of Sylvius. 12. Ol-
factory nerve. 13, 13. Third
convolution of inferior sur-
face of frontal lobe. 14, 14.
Fourth convolution. 15, 15.
Third convolution of ex-
ternal surface of frontal
lobe. 16, 16. External
border of posterior lobe.
17. Sphenoid extremity.
I'f.
Occipital extremity. 19.
Hippocampal convolution.
20. I'.xternal convolution
of posterior lobe. 21. Mid-
dle coinolution 22. Inter-
nal convolution. 23. Gyrus
fornicatus.
BRAIN BRAIN
—
Medisection of Brain, Showing Important Sinuses. {//olden.)
Falx cerebri. 2, 2.Its convex border, with the great longitudinal sinus. 3. Its concave border. 4, 4.
Inferior longitudinal sinus. 5. Ease of fal.x cerebri. 6. Straight sinus. 7. Apex of falx cerebri. S.
Right half of the tentorium, seen from below. 9. Right lateral sinus. 10. Superior petrosal sinus.
II. Inferior petrosal sinus. 12. Posterior occipital sinus. 13. Falx cerebelli. 14. Optic nerv'e. 15.
Motor oculi. 16. Pathetic. 17. Trigeminus. iS. Abducens. 19. Facial and auditory nerves. 20.
Glossopharyngeal, pneumogastric, and spinal accessory nerves. 21. Hypoglossal nerve. 22. First
cervical nerve. 23. Second cervical nerve. 24. Upper extremity of ligamentum denticulatum.
BOVISTA BRAN CI 1 1 /E
Bovista (ho--7'is' -tak) [L.'J. i. A genus of Brachycardia {brakekar' -de-ah). Same as

fungi closely allied to Lycoperdon some of ;
Bradycardia .
the species are edible. 2. The

Lycoperdon Brachycephalic {brake-sefal'-ik) \jîMxvr,
bovista, a fungus or puff-ball. When dry it short; «ya///, a head]. I.
Ap|)lied to skulls
is a good sty[)tic, and its tincture has been of an egg-like shape, with the larger end be-
used for nervous diseases. hind. 2. Having a skull the transverse diam-
Bowels (bow'-elz) [OF., boel, from L. bolclltis, eter of which is more than eigiit-tenllis of the
a sausage]. The intestines.
long diameter.
Bow-leg [ME., boT.ije'\.
An arching out-
Brachycephalous((5yv7/C--^-jt'/''-rt/-«j)[/^/jrt,Yi'r,
ward of the lower limbs. See Genu varnin. short; « pa/.//, a head]. Brachycephalic.
Bowman's Capsule. The expanded portion Brachymetropia (brak - -
e met ro' - f<e ah)
-
forming the beginning of a uriniferous tul)ule. \^\^{MX'>r, short ; jii-pov, a measure ; it\\), the
*
B. Discs, the products of a breaking up eye]. See Myopia.
of muscle-fibers in the direction of the trans- Bradycardia {brad-e-kar' -dea/i) \flpnfiir,
verse striations. B. Glands, glands found slow Kap6ta, the heart].
; Slowness of the
in the olfactory mucous membrane. B. Mem- heart-beat.
brane, a thin, homogeneous memtirane rep- Bradyesthesia {brad-e-es-the'-ze-ah) [,i/)ar?rf,
resenting the uppermost layer of the stroma slow; aladiiaiq, perception]. Oulness of
of the cornea, with which it is intimately con- percejHion.
nected. B. Muscle. See Muscles, Table Bradylalia {brad-e-la'-le-o/i) [.|on(5cf;, slow;
of.
B. Probe, a probe used in dilating Adlnv, to talk]. A slowness of utterance.
strictures of the lacrymal duct. Bradypepsia (brad- e- pep'- se -ah) [,i/(<t<5i'f,
Boyle's Law. See Laiv. slow ; ~>\\hc, digestion]. Slow digestion.
Bozeman's Catheter. A double-current Bradyphasia [brad e-fi'-ze- -
a/i] \_,ijMiYvq,
catheter. slow; speech]. Bradylalia.
(/xjfizf,
Brachia [bra'ke-aJi). Plural of Braihiitiii. Bradyphrasia [brad-efra' -ze-ah) ^flpniVvr,
Brachial [bra'-ke-al) \_brachiiim, the ariuj. slow; ^/K/rr^r, utterance]. Slowness of speecli.
Pertaining to the arm. B. Artery, the con- Braidism [brad' -izni) \fBraiil, the originator].
tinuation of the axillary artery, extending The hypnotic state produced by fixation of
along the inner side of the arm. See the eyesupon a shining object ; described by
Arteries, Table of. B. Glands, the lymphatic James Braid in 1S42.
glands of the arm. B. Plexus, the plexus of Brain [bran) [AS., britgett]. That part
the fifth, and eighth cervical
sixth, seventh, of the central nervous system contained
and the first dorsal nerves. B. Veins, the in the cranial cavity, and consisting of the
veins of the arm that accompany the brachial cerebrum, tlie cerebellum, the pons, and the
artery. medulla olilongata. B., Abdominal, the
Brachialgia [bra-ke-al'- je-aJi) [^'J/ia y'wv, the solar plexus. B., After-. See Metenceph-
arm; «/'i}()f pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the
,
alon. B.-axis, that portion of the brain-
arm or in the brachial plexus. substance including the island of Keil, the
Brachinin [brak'-in-in) \_fli>o.x'i'<:, short]. A basal ganglia, the crura, pons, medulla, and
substance obtained from the liombardier cerebellum. B. -bladder, a cerebral vesicle
beetle, Brachinus crepitans, of Elurope. It of the embryo. B. Fever. See J/;////;'/-
is said to be efficacious against rheumatism. tis : also synonym of 7'yplioid Fi-;rr. B.,
Unof. Fore-. See Prosencephalon. B., Hind-.
Brachiocephalic [J'ra-kc-o-sef-al' -ik) [j^pa- See Epencephahoi. B., Mid-. See Mesen-
\'/<ji',
the arm «fi/)a/l//, head].
; Pertaining to cephalon. B., Railway-, a condition ana-
the arm and the head. B. Artery and logous to railway spine and characterized by
Vein, the innominate artery and vein. cerebral disturbance. See Erichscn's Dis-
Brachiocubital [bra-ke-o-ku' -bit-al\ [/?p«- ease, in Diseases, Table of. B. Sand, a gritly
^V'wr, the arm cubitus, forearm].
; Relating mineral matter found in and about the iiinea)
to the arm and forearm as the brachiocubi-
; gland, consisting mainly of calcium and mag-
tal ligament. nesium carbonates and phosphates. B.-tire,
Brachium a condition of brain-exhaustion due to exces-
[bra^-ke-uin) \^[>rachium, (Spax'uv,
the arm]. The arm, especially the upper sive functional activity.
arm. B. cerebri or B. of Optic Lobes, the Bran (/;;-rt«) [Breton, /vi/w].
The epidermis o»
bands connecting the nates and testes with outer covering of the seeds of most cereals.
the optic thalamus. B. cerebelli, the pe- B. Bath. See Bath. B. Dressing, a
duncles of the cerebellum. B. pontis, the dressing formerly used forcomjiound fracture
brachium of the pons, being also the middle of the leg. The log was ]ilaced in a fraclura
peduncle of the cerebellum. box and surrounded with clean bran.
Brach-Romberg Symptom. See S/^^ns Branchiae [brang^- ke-e) [/^/Jaj^l'", g'H'i]
and Symptoms, Table of.
The gills of fishes.
BRANCHIAL BREATH-SOUNDS
Branchial [hra>ig'-/ce-al) [.3/)d}'j;a, gills]. with yeast. B., Brown, a kind of bread
Pertaining to the branchix'. B. Arches. made from a mixture of corn, rye, and
See Arches. B. Openings. See Clefts, wheat-flour. B., Graham, made from
J Isceral. unbolted wheat-flour it
; contains more
Branchiogenous {brang-ke-oj' en-us) \fipay- gluten, diastase, and mineral phosphates
XMy gills; yevvav, to produce]. Produced than ordinary bread. B. Poultice, a poultice
or developed from a branchial cleft. made with bread-crumbs. B., White, bread
Brandy (I) ran' -de').
See Spiritus. made from bolted wheat-flour, and there-
Brassica {bras' -ik-ali) [AS., brassica, cab- fore deficient in diastase, gluten, and mineral
bage]. A genus of plants, Nat. Order, phosphates. Other kinds, such as rye (or
Crucifenv, including the common cabbage. black), corn, bran, barley, etc., indicate their
Brawn [brawn) [OF., braon, a piece of composition by their name. B. -paste, a cul-
flesh]. The ilesh%)f a muscle; well-devel- ture-medium for bacteriaand molds. Stale,
oped muscles. coarse bread is dried, ground to powder and
Brawny [brawn' -c) [OF., braon, a piece of made into a paste with water.
flesh]. Fleshy; muscular. B. Induration, Break [brak) [AS. brecan\ In electricity, to
,
pathologic hardening and thickening of the open the circuit of a battery. B.-bone
tissues. Fever. See Dengue. B. Shock, a term
Brayera (^r<7-_;'d'''-;77//) [¥r.,brayer'\. Kousso, sometimes employed in electrotherapeutics
Cusso, Koso. The female flowers of £. an- for the physiologic shock produced on the
thelinintica, containing tannic acid, a volatile opening or breaking of an electric circuit.
oil, and a crystalline principle, Koussin, Breast(/'/-«/) [ME. brest, the breast]. I The
,
.
C3]H3gOjQ. It is valuable as an anthelmintic anterior part of the chest. 2. The mamma.
against tapeworm. In large doses it produces B.-bone, the sternum. B., Broken, ab-
nausea and eraesis. Dose ^t^ ij-3 ss (8.0— scess of the mammary gland. B., Chicken,
16.0), in infusion of boiling water. Cusso, Pectus carinatiiin, a deformity marked by
Ext., Fid., dose fîj-f^j (8.0-32.0). In- prominence of the sternal portion of the
fusum Cusso (B. P.). Dose fîv-viij chest. B., Gathered, mammary abscess.
(12S. 0-256.0). B. Pang, angina pectoris. B., Pigeon.
Bread (/'rdv/)[AS. bread\ A mixture of flour
,
Same as B., Chicken. B. Pump, a suction-
and water rendered porous by carbon dioxid, apparatus for removing the milk from the
and baked. The flour may be of wheat, corn, breast.
oat, or rye. The carbon dioxid may be intro- Breath {breth) [AS., bncth^ The air ex-
duced Ijy decomposing an alkaline carbonate haled from the lungs. B. -sounds, the
(sodium or potassium), by an acid (" cream respiratory sounds heard upon auscultation.
of tartar"), or by fermenting the starch A Table of Breath-sounds is given.
TABLE OF BREATH-SOUNDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.

{Altered and enlarged from J. K, Fowler?)
Vari-
ety OF
Breath-
ing.
BREATHING BRIGIIT'S DISEASE
TABLE OF BREATH-SOUNDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.— C'<;////««^d'.
V.-VRIETY
OF
Breath-
ing.
BRIM BRONCHIECTASIS
of the kidney, affecting the parenchyma, the stench ; u^pu^, sweat]. Osmidrosis ; an af-
connective tissue, or both. Amyloid degen- fection of
the sweat-glands in which the
eration is also considered a chronic form of sweat has an offensive odor.
Bright's disease. Bromin, Bromum [bro^-min, or -mum)
Brim [/»/»/) [ME., />n'm'\. An
edge or mar- [,:(/)(j//(>r,
a stench]. Br =r So; quanti-
gin, as the brim of the pelvis. valence i. A reddish-brown liquid, which,
Briquet's Ataxia. See Disease's, Table of. at ordinary temperatures, gives off a heavy,
Brisement [brez-tnonigY) [Fr.]. crush- A suftocating vapor. It is a very active es-
ing the forcible breaking up of structures

; charotic, and internally a violent poison.
causing ankylosis of a joint. It is used as an escharotic and disinfectant.
Bristle-cell [AS., byrst, a liristle]. Any The salts of bromin are cerebrospinal and
one of tlie ciliated cells at the terminations cardiac depressants, and are employed as
of the auditory nerve-filaments. sedatives, particularly in epilepsy, eclampsia,
British [brit'-ish) [AS.', Bryttisc, Britons, spasmodic affections, insomnia, hysteria, mi-
the original inhabitants of Britain]. Of or graine, etc. The salts of the alkaline metals
pertaining to Great Britain. B. Gum. See are those most commonly used. Ammonii
Dextrin. bromidum, NH^Br. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-
Broad {broJ) [AS., brd(i'\. Wide, extensive. 1.3). Calcii bromidum, CaBr.,. Dose gr.
B. Ligament, See Ligament. B. Tape- v-.^j (0.32-4.0). Ethyl bromid, C2ll5Br,
worm. See Bothriocephalus latus. useful in spasmodic coughs. l)ose TT\^x— f)5J
Broca's Area. The speech-center in the (0.65-4.0). Ferri bromidi, Syr., contains
frontal convolution. B. Auricular Point, ten percent, of the salt. I)osef^^ss-j (2.0—
the center of the external auditory meatus. 4.0). Lithii bromidum, l.ilir. Dose gr. v-
B. Convolution, the third left frontal con- XX (0.32-1.3). Nickel bromidum. See
volution the center for voluntary speech.
;
Nickel. Potassii bromidum, KBr. .Dose
B. Fissure. See Fissures, Table of. gr. v-^:^j (0.32-4.0). Sodii bromidum,
Brodie's Abscess. See Diseases, Table of. NaBr. I)ose gr. V-3J (0.32-4.0). Strontii
B. Disease. Same as Brodie's Knee. B. bromidum, SrBr.^. Dose gr. xv-xx (i.o-
Joint. See Diseases, Table of. B. Knee. 1.3). Zinci bromidum, ZnBr^. Dose gr.
See Diseases, Table of. ss-ij (0.032-0.13).
Brokaw Ring {brok'-aiu ring). A ring used Brominism, Bromism [bro'-min-izm, bro'-
in intestinal anastomosis, made
of segments mizm) [3pw//of, a stench].
Certain peculiar
of rubber drainage-tubing and threaded with phenomena produced by the prolonged ad-
catgut strands. ministration of the bromids. The most
Bromal (bro^-nial) [ftpuiioQ, a stench alde- ;
marked symptoms are headache, coldness
//!'(/], CBrj.CHO. Tribromaldehyd, analo- of the extremities, feebleness of the heart's
gous to chloral, and produced by the action action, somnolence, apathy, anesthesia of the
of hromin on alcohol. It is a colorless, oily soft palate and ]iharynx, pallor of the skin,
fluid, of a penetrating odor, and sharp, burn- and a peculiar eruption of acne which is one
ing taste, boiling at I72°-I73°; it has besn of the earliest and most constant symptom-;.
used in medicine, having properties similar There is also anorexia and at times loss of
to those of chloral. B. Hydrate, CBrj.- sexual power and atrophy of the testes or
CHO -f- H.Ô, a fluid of oily consistence, mammre.
having a structure similar to that of chloral Bromoform {bro'-mofor>i/)\_ftp(biioc, a stench ;
hydrate, but more irritating and narcotic than forma, form] , CIIBr.,. bromid having a A
the latter. It is used as an hypnotic and in structure like that of chk>roforni, CHCl., it ;
epilepsy. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). Unof. is sedative and anesthetic and is used in
Bromamid (bro'-inani-id) \_l3i)(jitor, a stench ; whooping-cough, and in seasickness, in doses
a/niiT]. A bromin compound of the anilin of gtt. ij-v (0.13-0.32). Unof.
group with the formula, CpH^Br^NH. HBr. Bromum. See Bromin.
It contains 75 per cent, of bromin, and is Bronchial [brong'-ke-al) (^WyTT. the wind-
used as an antipyretic in 10 or 15-grain doses pipe]. Relating to the bronchi. B. Arteries.
(0.65-1.0). See Arteries, Table of. B. Fluke. See
Bromate [bra' -mat) \_lipunng, a stench]. A Distoma ringeri. B. Glands, the chain of
salt of bromic acid. lymphatic glands running beside the bronchi.
Bromid [bro'->/iid) [,?/jrj«oc, a stench]. A Bronchiectasis [bi-ong-ke-ek'-tas-is) [?/«';-
salt of hydrobromic acid those of calcium,
; ;tof,the windpipe e/vTr;(7/r, dilatation].
;
Dil-
iron, ammonium, potassium, and sodium are atation of the walls of the bronchi. It occurs
used in medicine. They allay nervous ex- in chronic bronchitis, in fibroid pneumonia,
citement, and are employed as sedatives. B. and tuberculosis of the lung. It may in-
of Ethyl. Ste Ethyl bro»iid, wnêr B>-oinin. volve a tube uniformly, producing the cylin-
Bromidrosis [l>ro- mid-ro'-sis) [/3p6J//of, a dric form or it may occur irregularly in sacs
;
BRONCHIOLE BROW
or pockets, —the sacculated form. The char-
Bronchomycosis(^/v«(,'- ,{v ///; /(v''-«V)[,'?/j(Jy-
acteristic symptom of bronchiectasis is
par- ;t:or, the windpipe; The
y.vHiir,i\ fungus].
willi tlie expectoration of
oxysmal coughing, growth or presence of fungi in a bronchial
large quantities of mucopurulent, often fetid, tube.
matter. Cavernous breathing may be heard Bronchopathy {brong-kop' -a the) \_M»'i) x<><:,
over the dilated tubes. the wind|)ii)e disease
mi^yor, disease]
; .
Any
Bronchiole [/n-oitg^-kt'-o!) [dim. o{ On'iu/iiis']. of a bronchus.
One of the smallest subdivisions of the bronchi. Bronchophony {brong-koff'-o-iie) \_^f>'>)XiK,
Bronchiolitis {l>ron-ke-o-U' -lis) \J>roiichiolus, the windpipe; <//rji7/, the The resoii
voice].
a little bronchus; irtc, inllammation]. In- ance of the voice williin liie l)ronchi as heard
flammation of the bronchioles. B. exuda- on ausculting the chest. It is normally pres-
tiva, an inflammation of the Ijronchioles, ent over the lower cervical spines, in tlie
witli exudation, a condition by some held to upper interscapular <-egion, and over the
be the cause of bronchial asthma. sternal [tortion of the infraclavicular
regions.
Bronchitic ybrong-kit'-ili) [/l/jo/ ^^^yr, the wind- The most frequent pathologic cau.se is con-
pipe]. Relating to, of the nature of, or solidation of the lung. B., Whispered,
atfected with, bronchitis. bronchophony elicited by causing the patient
Bronchitis (lu-ong-ki'-tis) \fip6yxoQ, thewind- to whisper.
pipe; ir/f, inflammation]. Inflammation Bronchoplasty {brong'-ko-plas-te) \_)î>(iyX"':i

of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tlie trachea nAhaaziv to form]. Tlie closure
; ,
tubes. B., Acute, is due to exposure to of a tracheal or bronchial fistula by operation.

cold, to the inhalation of irritant vapors, to Bronchopneumonia [brong-ko - tin mo' tie-
certain infectious agents, etc. It is charac- the

iih) windpipe
[,^/«J},,Y0C. nveifiu)i>, the ;
terized by fever, cough, substernal pain, and lungj. Lobular pneumonia, a term a|>p1ied
by dry rales in tlie early, and moist rales in to inflammation of the lungs, wliicli, begin-
the later stages. B., Capillary, an acute ning in the bronchi, finally involves the
bronchitis of the finer bronchioles ; it is parenchyma of the lungs. Tiiis disease is
generally the result of a downward extension most frequently encountered in children, but
of an acute bronchitis. Children are most may occur in old age, and may be a simple
frequently affected. Dyspnea, nervous de- catarrhal or a tuberculous process.
pression, and cyanosis are prominent symp- Bronchorrhagia [f)rong-kor-a' -jc-ah) [/^/'o/-
toms. Catarrhal pneumonia is a common com- Yor, the l)roncluis ; pr/yvivai, to burst forth].
plication. B., Catarrhal, a form attended Hemorrhage from the bronchial tubes.
with profuse mucopurulent discharges. B., Bronchorrhea {brong-kor-e'-ah) [/J/'oj ,l'Of ,
Chronic, a form of bronchitis usually occur- the bronchus; pkeLv,io flow]. form of A
ring in middle or advanced life, characterized bronchitis attended with profuse expectora-
by cough and by dry and moist rales. It may tion.
be due to repeated attacks of acute bronchitis, Bronchotome [brong'-ko-tom) [/^/"'},V'>C, the
to gout, rheumatism, or tuberculosis, or it may windpi])e rqiusu', to cut].
;
An instrument
be secondary to cardiac and renal disease. B., for cutting the larynx or trachea in the opera-
Croupous, Fibrinous, or Plastic, a rare vation of bronchotoray.

rietyattended with the expectoration of casts Bronchotomy [brongkol'-o-nie) [ftp6yxo^,
of the l)ronchial tubes, containing Charcot- bronchus; -Liivciv, to
cut]. Incision into
Leyden crystals and eosinophile cells, after the larynx, trachea, or bronchus.
- ko - tra' - ke -
a paroxysm of dyspnea and violent coughing. Bronchotracheal {brong a/)
B., Dry, that unattended by expectoration. \_iij>6yX"<^-,
the bronchus; r/)a,Yf<a, the wind-
B., Mechanic, or Potter's, a form caused by pipe]. Relating to a bronchus (or to both
the inhalation of dust, etc. B., Potter's. See bronchi) and to the trachea.
B., .Mechanic. B., Putrid, or Fetid, a Bronchovesicular (broiig
-
ko-7'es -
ik'-u-hir)
variety of chronic bronchitis characterized by the bronchus; 7'csiciilii, a vesicle].
\_ftp6yxoi:,
the discharge of a copious, half-liquid, ex- Both bronchial and vesicular. See Breath-
tremely offensive sputum. B., Summer, Sounds, Table of.
hay -fever. Bronchus {brong'-kus^ [/^/io}J"f. bronchus].
Bronchocele [lirong'-ko-sel, or -se'-le) [/?/)($}'-
One of the primary divisions of the traeiiea
X(K, the windpipe; Kifhri, a tumor]. Really Bronzed (brouui) \_bronzitt>n, bronze].
a tumor of a bronchus, but generally signify- Tanned; of a bronzed color. B. Skin, a
B.-skin
.symptom of Addison's
Di.sease.
ing goiter.
Bronchocephalitis {l>rong-ko-sef- al-i'- lis).
Disease. See At/Jison's Diseasf, Diseuses,
Synonym of Whooping-cough. Table of.
Broncholith- [brong' -ko-lith) [/'?/)0>',Y''f,
t'ê Broom (broom). See Scopnrius.
windpiiie Xiihr^, a stone].
;
A calculus or Broth {brolh). See />('/////<'//.
concretion formed in a bronchial tube. Brow Tlie forehead
[broio) [AS., brn'].
12
BROWN BUBO
the upper anterior portion of the head. B.- diable, a humming, rushing sound heaid in
Ague, neuralgia of the lirst division of the the veins in anemia. B. de galop, a can-
tifth cranial nerve, generally due to malaria. tering rhythm of the heart sounds, in which
B.-pang. Synonym of Ht'iiiicnniia. B. owing to a reduplication of the second sound,
Presentation, presentation of the fetal brow three sounds are heard. It occurs most fre-
in labor. quently in mitral stenosis. B. de pot fele,
Brown [bnnon) [AS., l>run'\. Having a The cracked-pot sound. B. de rappel, a
dark color inclining toward red or yellow. sound resembling the double beat upon a
B. Atrophy, an atrophy of a tissue associ- drum. B. de soufflet, the bellows-murmur.
ated with a deposit therein of a brown or B., Placental, the uterine .souffle, a blowing
yellow pigment. B., Bismarck. See Bis- sound heard over the uterus in pregnancy.
ntarck Brow)i. B. Induration of Lung, Brunner's Glands. See (J/a/ids.
a state of the lung due to long-continued Brunonian Movement. See Brmviiian
congestion, usually arising from valvular heart MLroeinent. B. Theory, Brownism a doc- ;
disease. It is characterized by an increase in trine, taught by Dr. J. Brown (1735-88), that

connective tissue and an excess of pigment. both physiologic and pathologic phenomena
B. Mixture. Mistura glycyrrhiz;\; composita. are due to variations in a natural stimulus,
B. Ointment, the unguentum fuscum, N.I".; its excess causing sthenic and its deficiency
called also unguentum matris, or " mother's producing asthenic diseases.

of " brown Brush An
' '
salve." It is composed plaster (l>ritsh) [OF., b)-oce\ instru-

two parts, oil one one part. B.
part, suet ment consisting of a collection of some
Plaster, the emplastrum fuscum camphor- flexible material fastened to a handle. In
atum, N. F.; called also emplastrum matris medicine, various forms of brush are em-
"
camphoratum, or camphorated mother's ployed, as the acid brush, of glass threads ;
plaster;" official in German phannacy. It the electric brush, an electrode in the form of
is made of red oxid of lead thirty parts, •
a brush the laryngeal brush
;
the nasal, ;
oil of olives sixty parts, yellow wax fifteen pharyngeal, and stomach brush. B.-burn,
parts, camphor one part. the injury produced by violent friction, and
Brownian Movement. An oscillatory move- the resulting heat it often resembles a burn
;
ment observed under the microscope in very or scald.

fine granules, drops, etc., when suspended in Bryce's Test. A test to determine if
a liquid. The movement not locomotion,

is systemic infection has taken place after vac-
and is to be distinguished from that of the cination. It consists in repeating the in-
self-motility of living microorganisms. Its oculation during the evolution of the vaccine
cause is not dehnitely known, but it may be disease. If systemic infection has occurred,
due to heat, light, electricity, osmosis, etc. the second inoculation will mature rapidly,
Brown- Sequard's Disease. See Diseases, so as to overtake the first.
Table of. B. Paralysis. See Diseases, Bryonia [bri-o'-iiea/i) l_ppvui>la, bryony].
Table of. Bryony. The root of B. alba and B. dio-
Brucin (hru'-sin) \_Brucea, a genus of shrubs], ica ; indigenous to Europe. Its properties are
C.,^,II.,gN^,0^.
A poisonous alkaloid found in due to an intensely bitter glucosid, bryonin,
Strychnos nux vomica and in Strychnos Igna- C^yllj^gOjq, which is a strong irritant when ap-
tius. It crystallizes in prisms containing plied to the skin or mucous membrane, often
4H2O, and melts at 178°. Its taste is ex- producing vesication. It is used in pleurisy,
ceedingly bitter and acrid. Its action on the pleuropneumonia, rheumatic fever, and colds.
animal economy is similar to but much less Dose of the powdered root gr. x-xxx (0.65-
powerful than that of strychnin. 2.0). B., Infusum (unof.), has a strength
Bruit [bru-e') [Fr., a noise or report]. An of I to 16. Dose ij^ ss-ij (16. 0-64.0). B.,
adventitious sound heard on auscultation. B., Tinct., a 10 per cent, solution of the root
Aneurysmal. The blowing murmur heard in alcohol. Dosef3J-ij (4.0-8.0).
over an aneurysm. B. d'airain, the ringing Bryonin {brV-o-nin') [/^/arwi'/a, bryony]. .See
note heard through the stethoscope applied to Bryonia.
the chest wall when a coin is struck against Bryony [bri'-o-ne^. See. Bryonia.
another pressed against the surface of the chest Bubo \bu'-bo') [_Povfiav, the groin].
Inflam-
on the opposite side. pathognomonic of
It is mation and swelling of a lymphatic gland,
a collection of gas in the pleural cavity. B. particularly of the groin, and usually fi>l-
de clapotement, a splashing sound often lowing chancroid, gonorrhea, or syphilitic

heard in cases of well-marked dilatation of infection. B., Indolent, one which has no
the stomach wlien pressure is made upon the tendency to break down a syphilitic bulio.;
abdominal walls. B. de cuir neuf, the B., Parotid. ?,ee Parotitis. B., Pestilential,
creaking sound, like that of new leather, that associated with the plague. B., Prim-
sometimes heard in pericarditis. B, de ary, a slight adenitis of the groin due to
BUBON D'EMBLfiE BULLA
mechanic irritation or other cause for- colored crust or layer sometimes seen
;
upon a
merly supposed to be due to syphilis without blood-clot, after phlebotomy, and once looked
a chancre having [jreceded. B., Sympa- upon as a sign of inflammation. It is caused
thetic, one caused by irritation, friction, by the partial subsidence of the red blood-
injury, etc., and not arising from an infec- corpuscles.
tious disease. B., Syphilitic, that due to Buhl's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.
B., Venereal, that due to venereal Bulb
syphilis. {bulb) [iWAfiotj, a bulb]. I. An oval or
disease. circular expansion of a cylinder or tube. 2.
Bubon d'emblee [Fr.]. See Bubo, Prim- The medulla oblongata. B. of a Hair, the
ary. swelling at the root of a hair. B., Olfactory,
Bubonic (Im-bon'-ik) [vjc.lji', the groin]. one of the two bulbs of the olfactory nervt-
Relating to a bubo. B. Plague. Syno- situated on either side of the longitudinal fis-
nym of the Plague. sure upon the under surface of each anterioi
Bubonocele (Jut- bo)i'-o
-
sel) [iôi^^wv, the lobe of the cerebrum. B. of Urethra, the
groin Kijhi, tumor].
;
Inguinal hernia when posterior expanded part of ilie corpus spongi-
the gut does not extend beyond the osum B. of the Vagina, a small
inguinal penis.
canal.
body of erectile tissue on each side of the
Buccal {buk'-a!) \_bucca, the cheek]. Per- vestiliule of the vagina, homologous to the
taining to the cheek. bullj of the urethra of the male. B. of Vena
Buccinator atrumpeter].
(<''//'/C'^-.r/«-<^?-^;-)[L., Jugularis, the dilatation at the termination
The thin, flat muscle of the cheek. of the external jugular vein.
Buccula dim. oi bucca,\\\tt
iybuk' -u-lah) [L., Bulbar (bul^-bar)lj3o?.iS6r, a hn\h]. Bulbous.
cheek]. The fleshy fold seen beneath the Pertaining to the medulla. B. Disease, or
chin, and forming what is called a double Paralysis, a term applied to the progressive
chin. and symmetric paralysis of the muscles of
Buchu [native African]. The leaves
((^«'-/v^) the mouth, tongue, pharynx, and .some-
of several species of Barosma, yielding a vol- times those of the larynx. This paralysis is
atile oil, to which its properties are due to a disease of the motor nuclei in the
probably
due, and a bitter extractive, barosmin. Dose medulla oblongata an acute anil a chronic
;
gr. j-v (0.065-0. 32) It causes a sensation of

.
form are met with. The acute form is due to
glowing warmth over the body, stimulates the hemorrhage or softening the chronic to de-
;
appetite, and increases the circulation. It is generation. The disease is also called labio
useful in cystitis and other affections of the glossolaryngcal There is also a
paralysis.
genitourinary mucous membrane. Dose of pseudobulbar paralysis, due to symmetric
the leaves, gr. xv-xxx (1.0-2.0). B., Ext., lesions of the motor cerebral cortex.
Fid. Dose n\^x-f;5j (0.65-4.0). B., In- Bulbi vestibuli {bul'-hi ves-tib'-u-U) [1..].
fusum (unof), 1-16. Dose f3ss-ij A name sometimes given to the glands of
(16.0-64.0). B.,Infusum (B. P.). Dose Bartholin.
Bulbocavernosus {but- bo kav em o'- sits)
- - -
f.lj-iv (32.0-128.0). B.,Tinctura(B. P.).
Dose f.^j-ij (4.0-S.o). a bulb; ca7'erna, a cavern].
[;5o/'/3of,
The
Buck's Fascia. The superficial perineal accelerator uriiKv muscle, corresponding to the
fascia.
sphincter vagina; of the female.
Buckbean [buk'-ben'). Bog-bean. The rhi- Bulbourethral (lud-bo-u-re' -thral) [JoA.9of,
zome o{ Mcnyanthes trifoliata, tonic, antiscor- a bulb olipi/ftpn, the urethra].
; Relating to
butic, and emmenagogue. It has been recom- the bulb of the urethra.
mended as a vermifuge, and has been used Bulbous [f3i)?.36c, a bulb]. Terminating in a
in functional amenorrhea. Dose of fld. ext., bulb. B. Urethra. See Urethra.
tTLv-xxx (0.32-2 o). Unof. Bulesis {bu-le'-sis) \_3nv'ktjai^, the will].
The
Buckeye Bark [buk^-i bark) The bark of
.
will, or an act of the will.
yEsculas glabra, astringent and tonic, used in Bulimia {bu-liin' -e-ah) \_'ôv,
increase ; ?ufi6^,
recta! irritation, prolapsus, and various uterine hunger]. Excessive, morbid hunger; it
derangements. Dose of fld. ext. gtt. iij-v sometimes occurs in idiots and insane per-
(0.2-0.32). Unof. sons, and it is also a symptom of diabetci
Buckthorn See Frangula. B.,
[Inik' -thorn). mellitus and of certain cerebral lesions.
California. See Cascara sagrada. Bulimic [bu-lim'-ik) [,3"!',
increase ; ?.'«iif .
Budding In Pertaining to or affected with
[bud'-ing) [ME., budden\ hunger].
biology, a form of reproduction or cell-divi- bulimia.
sion, occurring among the polyps and infu- Bulla {bull' -ah) [Sulla,
a
bubble] . A bleb or
sorians, in which a bud is given off by the blister, consisting of a portion o( (he epider-
parent and comes to resemble the latter. The mis detached from the skin by the inliltra-
process is also called gemmation. tion beneath it of watery fluid, the result
Buffy Coat {buf'-e kot). A grayish or buff- of a litjuefaction necrosis. B. ethmoid-
BULLET FORCEPS BUTYROID
alis, a rounded projection into the middle situated in the popliteal space between the ten-
iiieatusof the nose, due to an enlarged ethmoid don of the semimembranosus and the tendon
cell. B. ossea, the inflated or dilated part of the inner head of the gastrocnemius, where
of the bony external meatus of the ear. they rub against each other. B., Prepatel-
Bullet Forceps. A forceps for extracting lar, a bursa situated over the patella and the
*
Imllets. upper part of the patellar ligament. B.,
Bullous {IntlFus) \_bitlla, a blister]. Marked Synovial, found between tendons and bony
by bull;\: ;
of the nature of a bulla. surfaces.
Bundle {buii'-dl) \_k'6.,l'iiidaii,Wi bind]. In Bursitis [biir-si'-tis) [^bitrsa, a purse; itic, in-
biology, a fascicular grouping of elementary flammation]. Inflammation of a bursa.

tissues, as nerve-fibers or muscle-fibers. Butter of Cacao. See TJieobronia.
Bunion [bun' -yun^ [origin uncertain]. A Butterin {but' -er-in) \butyriim, butter]. An
swelling of a bursa of the foot, especially of artificial substitute for butter, made prin-
the great toe. cipally of beef-fat.
Bunsen Burner. See Burner. B. Cell. Buttocks (I'ut'-uks) [dim. of Z'//^/", an end].
See Batteries, Table of. The nates. The fleshy part of the body pos-
Buphthalmia (l>oof-thal' -me-aJi), or Buph- terior to the hip-joints, formed by the masses
thalmos (boof-thaF-tnos) \jiavr, ox ; dipHuAfwc;, of the glutei muscles.
eye]. See Keraloglobits. Button {but'-uii) [iVIE.. boto}i\. See Furun-
Burdach, Column of. The posteroexternal ciihts orientalis. B.,Amboyna. See F/ aw-
column of the spinal cord. desia. B., Belly, the navel. B., Biskra.
Burdock {l)er'-di>li). See Lappa. See Furiiiiculus orientalis. B.-bush, the
Buret, or Burette {bti-ret') [Fr.]. A grad- bark of Cs:Jihalanthus oecidentalis, a tonic,
uated tube designed for measuring small febrifuge, and diuretic. Dose of fld. ext.
quantities of a reagent. It is usually held f^s-s-j (2.0-4.0). Unof. B., Corrigan's,
vertically in a stand and is
provided with a a steel button-shapeil cautery-iron, introduced
stopcock. by Sir J. C. Corrigan (1802-80). B.-hole
Burgundy Pitch. See Fix. Mitral, an advanced degree of constriction of
Burn [M E. bernen, to burn]. I. To become
,
the mitral orifice of the heart. B. -makers'
inflamed. 2. To be charred or scorched. 3. Chorea. See Chorea. B., Murphy, a device
To have the sensation of heat. 4. An injury used in gastroenterostomy or intestinal anas-
caused by fire or dry heat. 5- A disease in tomosis. B.-snakeroot, the root of Liatris
vegetables. 6. In chemistry, to oxygenize. spieata, and of Eryiigium yucciefolium ; a
7. In surgery, to cauterize. stimulant, tonic, diuretic, and emmenagogue.
Burner [ME., bernen,Xo burn]. common A Dose of fid. ext. f 3 ss-j (2.0-4.0) Unof.
name for a lamp or heating apparatus used in Butyl (bu'-til) {butyrum, butter], C^Hg. A
laboratories for chemic and pharmaceutic hydrocarbon alcohol radicle. B. Chloral.
purposes. B., Argand, uses gas or oil, and See Chloral butylieum. B. -chloral Hy-
contains an inner tube for supplying the drate. See Chloral butylieum.
•
flame with air. B., Bunsen, a form in Butylamin [brt-til'-arn-in] \_butyrui>i, butter
which, before ignition, the gas is mixed a»iin'\, C^HgNH.^. A
substance contained in
with a sufficient c[uantity of air to produce cod-liver oil, possessing diuretic and diapho-
complete oxidation. retic properties.
-
Burns, Ligament of. Tlie falciform pro- Butylene (bu'- til eii) [butyrui/t, butter],
cess of the fascia lata. QHy. A hydrocarbon belonging to the olefm
It exists in three isomeric forms, all
Burrowing {Inir'-o-ing) [ME., bonvgh, a series.
lurking-place]. The term given to the pass- of which are gases at ordinary temperatures.
age of pus through the tissues, after the for- Butyrin [bu'-tir-in) [/'///iw/w, butter], C3II5-
mation of an abscess. (C^\-\.0.^)^. A
constant constituent of butter,
Bursa {bur^-sa/i) [Îmrsa, a purse]. A small together with olein, stearin, and other glycer-
sac interposed between parts that move upon ids. It is a neutral, yellowish, liquid fat,
one another. B. Pharnygea, a blind pouch having a sharp, bitter taste.
projecting upward from the [jharynx toward Butyroid [bu'-tir- old) \_butyruvi, butter].
the occipital bone. B., Popliteal, a bursa Buttery ; having the consistence of butter.
CAFFEA
C. I. The chemic symbol of Carbon. 2.

Night-blooming Cereus. The preparations of I
The al)l)reviation of Centigrade. cactus are stimulant to tlie

si)inal cord, tlie
Caballine Aloes
{kab'-al-in al'-os). An vasomotor center, and the cardiac f;a"Klia.
inferior quality of aloes, known also as fetid,
They have been u.sed as substitutes for <iigi-
or horse aloes. talis. C. G., Tinct. Dose n\_xv-xx (l.o-
Cabbage (/•<7/^'-«/). êe Brassica. C.Rose. 1.3). C. G., Ext., Fid. Dose n\^v-x
See A'osa cenlifolia. C, Skunk, a fetid (o.32-<).65).
plant of N. America, Syinplocarpus fatidtis. Cacumen {kak-u'-men) [L. :
//. , Caeu-
Its tincture and fluid extract are prescribed as The
mina\ I.
top, as of a plant. 2. The
antispasmodic and antasthmatic. culmcii of the vermis superior of the cere
Cacao iykak - a'- 0). See Theobnvna. C. bellum.
Butter, oleum theoliromie, is obtained from Cadaver {kad-av'-er) {cadere, to fall]. The
seeds or nilis of Theobronia cacao. It is a (lead body, especially that of a huinnn
being.
pure white fat, with a pleasant odor and Cadaveric {kad-av'-er-ik) [^cadere, yo fall].
taste it fuses at 86° F.
;
(30° C.) its
speci- ;
Pertaining to the cadaver. C. Alkaloids,
fic gravity is from .945 to .952. It is used in C. C. Lividity,
ptomains. Ecchymoses,
cosmetics and for pharmaceutic preparations. certain postmortem stains, closely resembling
See also Thcobroma. in their general appearance the effects of
Cachectic {kak ck'-tic') \jiaK6q, bad ; ef/r, a bruises or contusions. They occur on the
iiabit]. characterized by cachexia. lowest and most dependent parts of the hmly.
Cachet {kash-a'') [P"r ]. A pharmaceutic C. Spasm, the early, at times instantaneous,
preparation consisting of two concave pieces appearance of rigor mortis, seen after death
of wafer, varying in size from 3^ to l^ from certain causes. It is also called instan-
inches in diameter, round or oblong in shape, taneous rigor and tetanic rigidity.
in one of which tlie powder to be adminis- Cadaverin {kad-a-y -er in) \cadere, to fall],
tered is placed, and the other, having previ- CjHj^N.,. A
ptomain, occurring very fre-
ously been moistened, is then laid over the quently in decomposing animal tissues. It is
powder and the two margins are pressed to- obtained from human hearts, lungs, livers,
gether, when they adhere and completely en- etc., after three
days' decomposition at ordin-
close tlie powder. ary temperature,
—
also from horseflesh, from
Cachexia {kak-eks' -e-aJi) [/cnK<5f, bad ff«f a ; , putrid mussel, from herring, and haddiick.
habit]. A
depraved condition of general It is a constant product of the growth of
nutrition, due to some serious disease, as the comma-bacillus. It is a thick, clear,

sypliilis, tuberculosis, carcinoma, etc. C, syrupy li(|uid, having an exceedingly un-
Lymphatic. Synonym of Ilodgkin' s Dis- lilea.sant odor.
ease. C, Pachyderrnic. See Myxedema. Cade (/•«(/) [aLanguedoc name]. See /////;-
C. strumipriva, the condition allied to, if not perns. C, Oil of (oleum eadinum), a tarry
identical with, myxedema, following the ex- oil from the wood oi Juniper us communis ; it
tirpation of the tliyroid gland. C. thyreo- is used in the treatment of skin diseases.
priva. See iMyxedona. C. virginum. See Cadmium i^kad'-me-um) [Aa(5///(i, calamin].
Chlorosis. Cd= 112; <|uantivalencc II S|). gr.
S.6<>-
.
Cacodyl [kak^-o-dil). See Kakodyl. 8.69. A

bluish-white metal resembling zinc
Cacoplastic (kak-o-plas^-tik) bad in its general pro]ierties. In its physiologic
[nandq, ;
TT/if/rrrof, formed]. Characterized by a low action it is escharotic and astringent ; inter-
degree of organization. nally, in large doses, produces einc.sis and

it
Cacosmia, or Kakosmia [kakoz^-fiieak) violent g.astritis. C. icdidum, (MI, .used as

[/.Y//,iir, foul; oaui;, smell]. A disgusting an ointment, I to 8 of lard. C. sulphas,
in gonorrhea and
smell. CdSO^.411.,0, an astringent
bad in corneal opacities; used in a lotion in
Cacotrophy {kuk of- -
ro -fe) \_Kni<6r, ;
or xs
Tpfipfit', to nourish]. Disordered or defective strength of gr. >^ or 4 to ,^j of water,
nutrition. an ointment I to 40 of fre>h lard.
Cactina {kak /i'-nn/i) a jirickly Csecal {se'-kal). See Cecal.
[/vvv/crof,
A Sec Ceeitis.
plant]. proprietary preparation snid to be Caecitis (.r,-.r/'-//.f).
a proximate principle derived from night- C^cum (se' kuni). See Cecum.
Caesarean Operation {se-siir*-f-aM). See
blooming cereus [Cereits grandijlora and C.
fnexicaiia). It is a cardiac stimulant, recom- ( 'rsareaii.
mended as a substitute for digitalis. L'nof. Caesium [se'seum). Sec Cesium

Cactus Grandiflorus, Cereus Caffea {ka/'-e-ali) [I..].
The secd^ of ('.
graudijlorits,
CAFFEIC ACID CALCIUM
arabica. The dried and roasted seeds are washed and pulverized, is used mainly as an
almost universally used in infusion as a bev- external exsiccant and astringent. Unguen-
erage, forming a cerebral stimulant and tum calamine. Turner's cerate. Unof.
stomachic tonic. They are valuable in pro- Calamus [kal'-am-us) [L. a reed].
, Sweet
moting digestion and allaying hunger and flag. The rhizome of Acorns cahunus. It
fatigue. The properties are due to an alkaloid, contains a volatile oil and acorin, a bitter
Caffein, CgHjpNÔj.HjO, identical with nitrogenous principle. The root is an aro-
Thei)i. See Tea and Caffein. Dose of the matic, stomachic tonic, and a common ingre-
C. citrate. "
alkaloid j-v (0.065-0.32).
gr. dient of many popular bitters." C, Draco,
Dose j-v (0.065-0.32).
gr. C. valerianas, a species of rattan-palm that affords a part
for nervous vomiting in hysteria. Dose gr. of the so-called Dragon's Blood of com-
j-iv (0.065-0.26). Ext. CafTeae Viridis merce. C, Ext., Fid. Dose TTLxv-fjjj
Fid,, is intended as a substitute for the Fluid (1.0-4.0). C. scriptorius (a writing pen
Extract of Guarana. Unof. Dose f 3 ss-ij or reed). The groove on the floor of the
(2.0-8.0). See Guarana. Injectio Oaf. fourth ventricle, at the end of which is the
hypodermatica, one grain of cafiein in ventricle of Arantius.
three minims. Dose TT\j-vj (0.065-0 39). Calcaneum {kal-ka'-ne-um) [L. the heel]. ,
Caffeic Acid {kafe'-ik),Q,^^^. A crystal- The OS calcis, or heel-bone.

line acid substance found in coffee. Calcareous [kal-ka'-re-ns] [ca/x, limestone].
Caffein {kaf -e-in) {^caffea, coffee], C^HmN^- Pertaining to or having the nature of lime-
O2 + H./^. An
alkaloid found in the stone. C. Infiltration. See Infiltration.
leaves and beans of the coffee-tree, in tea, in Calcarine {kal'-kar-cn) \_calcar, a spur].
Paraguay tea, and in guarana, the roasted Spur-shaped ; relating to the hippocampus
pulp of the fruit of PaiiUinia sorhilis. It minor. C. Fissure. See Fissure.
occurs in long, silky needles, slightly soluble Q,s\t\z(^kal' -sik) [(vz/.i, lime]. Of or pertain-
in cold water and alcohol, with a feebly bitter ing to lime.
taste. It is a cerebrospinal, circulatory, and Calcicosis {kal-sik-o'-sis) [calx, lime]. Mar-
renal stimulant. See Caffea. C. citrate. ble-cutter's phthisis; a chronic inflammation
Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). Sodium and of the lung due to the inhalation of marble-
Caffein benzoate, and Sodium and Caffein dust.
salicylate are used hypodermically. Dose Calcification [kal-si/-ik-a'-skun) [(vr/.r,
lime ;
gr. iij-v (0.2-0.32). fiere, to become]. The

deposit of calcareous
Caffeinism [kaf-e^-in-izi?i) \caffea, coffee]. matter within the tissues of the body. C,
Chronic coffee-poisoning a train of morbid ; Metastatic, that resulting from an excess of
symptoms due to excess in the use of coflee. lime-salts in the blood, as occurs in the rapid
Caisson Disease {ka'-son diz-ez). Diver's breaking down of bones from osteomalacia.
disease or tunnel disease, a morbid condition Calcine [kaF-sin or kal-sin') \_calcinare, to
due to increased atmospheric pressure, some- calcine]. To separate the inorganic elements
times occurring in divers, caisson-workers, of a substance by subjecting it to an intense
etc. Paraplegia, hemiplegia, anesthesia, or heat.
apoplectic attacks are common, coming on Calcium [kaF -se-um)\_caL\\ Wme']. Ca=:40;
only after return to the normal atmosphere. quantivalence II. A brilliant, silver-white
The nature of the lesion is obscure. metal, the basis of limestone, characterized by
" white
Cajeput Oil [kaj'-e-put oil) [Malay, strong affinity for oxygen, and isolated with
wood;" olet(m,<yi}C\.
A volatile oil distilled great difficulty. It is best known in the form
from the leaves of I.eukadendrou cajitpiiti.
of calciuvi oxid, quicklime C.; hydrate,
It resembles of turpentine.
oil It is used in slaked lime ;
and C. carbonate, limestone
flatulent colic, hysteria, cutaneous disorders, or chalk. C. benzoas, Ca(C-H50,2).„ used
and toothache. Dose tt\j-v (0.065-0.32). in nephritis and albuminuria of pregnancy.
C, Spiritus (B.P.), cont.iins 2 per cent, of Dose gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). C. bromidum,
the oil. Dose f^ss-j (2.0-4.0). used as a sedative. Dose gr. xx-xxx (1.3-
Cajuputol [kaj ii-pu'-tol) [Malay, Cajttpitti, 2.0). C. chloridum, CaCl.^, soluble in
" white wood The more limpid part of oil water; used internally to increase the coagu-
"].
of cajuput ;
it is found also in some other lability of the blood. Dose gr. x-xx (0.65-
fragrant volatile oils. 1.3). C. chlorid., Liq., (B.P.). Dose n\,xv-l
Calabar Bean {^kal'-ah-ar hen). See P/iysos- (1.0-3.2). Calcis, Liquor, lime-water, con-
tigma. tains about I ^ parts of lime in 1000 of water.
Cqlabarin {kal- ah'- ar in)\_Calabar\.
-
An Dose f 5 ss-ij (16.0-64.0). Calcis, Liq.,
alkaloid from Calabar bean. Saccharntus (B. P.). Dose Tt\^xv-f3J
Calamin [kaF -ain-in) \^calamina, a corruption (1.0-4.0). Calcis, Syr., saccharated syrup of
oi cad!iiia\ Native zinc carbonate. Cala- lime, contains 5 jier cent, lime, 30 per cent,
mina pra;parata, the prepared calamin, sugar, 65 per cent, water. It is the antidote
CALCULOUS CALUMHA
to poisoning by plunol or oxalic acid. Dose of the cup like divi,iuiis of tlie
pelvis of ihe
5 ss-ij (2.0-8.0J. Calx, CaU, calcium oxid, kidney into which the pyramids project
(luicklime. Callosal {kal-o'-sal) {cilloms, I'cr-
Calculous hard].
{kaF-ku-lits) \ialcultis, a stone]. tainiiig to the coq)us callosum.
( )f the nature of a calculus. Callositas {kal-o.'^'-i/ m). See Callosity.
Calculus ku - Ins) [dim. of calx,
[kal'- Callosity \cnl-os' -il e) [cullm,
chalk]. A
calcareous or stone-like con- Callositas, Tylosis,'I'yloma, Keratoma. A
hardness].
cretion found in the body, particularly in hard, thickened patch on the skin prtxluccd
cavities. C, Arthritic, a gouty concretion. by excessive accumulation of the horny layers.
C, Biliary, a gall-stone. C., Bronchial, a Callosomarginal {kalo-so-nun'-jhi-itl) \ial-
concretion in an air-passage. C, Cutane- losus, hard;
inargo, margin]. Relating to
ous. See MilitDit. C, Dental, tartar on the callosal and marginal gyri of the brain.
the teeth or gums. C, Fusible, a urinary Callosum (kalo' -sum). Same as Corpus
calculus composed of phosphates of ammo- callosum.
nium, calcium, and magnesium. C, Lacteal, Callous Hard,
{kal'-its) [tallosus, hard].
or Mammary, a calcareous nodule some- tough, like callus.
times obstructing the lactiferous ducts. C, Callus {k<iF-its) [1,.]. I. A callosity; hard-
Mulberry, the oxalate-of-lime variety, resem- ened and thickened skin. 2. The new
bling a mulberry in shape and color. C, growth of incomplete osseous tissue that
Nasal, one found in the nasal cavities. C, surrounds the ends of a fractured bone during
Prostatic, one in the prostate gland. C, the process of repair. C, Permanent, the
Renal, a calculus found in the kidney. C, permanent bond of bony union after reab-
Salivary, one formed in the ducts of the sali-
sorption of the C. Provisional, or cartilage-
vary glands. C, Uterine, an intrauterine thrown out.
like, plastic material first C.of
concretion a womb-stone ; formed mainly l>y
;
Skin, induration and thickening of the skin.
calcareous degeneration of a tumor. C, Calmative {kah'-nia-tiv) calmc,
[K. ,
still].
Vesical, a calculus found in the urinary Calming; sedative.
bladder. Calomel {kal'-o-mel) [Ka/.6(;, fair; uiAo^,
Calendula [kal-en'-dn-la/t) \_calenda, the black]. See Hydrargyrum.
first day of the month]. Marigold. The flow- Calor {ka'-lor) [L.]. i. Heat. 2. Moder-
ering plant known
as the garden-marigold, C. ate fever-heat less than fcn'or and nrdor.
;
officinalis. Tinct., contains 20 per cent,

C, C. animalis, animal heat. C. febrilis, fever-
of the leaves and stems. It is used as a local heat. C. fervens, boiling heat. C. innatus,
application to wounds, bruises, and ulcers, natural or normal heat. C. internus, inward
and has been vaunted as a cure for car- fever fever not appreciable on the surface
;
cinoma, of the body. C. mordax, C. mordicans,

Calendulin {kal-eii' -dii-litt) [calender, the first biting or pungent heat. C. nativus,
day of the month]. An amorphous principle native or animal heat blood-heat normal
; ;
obtainable from calendula. heat.

Calenture {kal' -en-tilr') [Sp. , calcntiira, Calorie {kal'-or-e) [Fr.]. See Calory.
heat; L., calere, io be hot]. I. A Calorifacient (^kal-or-if-a' -she-ent) \calor,
tropical
remittent fever with delirium formerly, a ; heat; facei-e, to make]. Heat-producing
supposed fever of this kind that attacked (applied to certain foods).
mariners, leading them to leap into the sea. Calorimeter {kal-or-im'-etct^ [calor, heat;
2. Sunstroke. fiirpov, a measure]. An instrument for
Calf {kalf) [lc(t\., kdlfi'\. The thick, fleshy measuring the amount of heat that Ixnlics
part of the back of the leg, foiTned by the produce or absorb.
heat ;
gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Calorimetry {kal-or-im'-et-rf) \calor,
California Buckthorn. See Cascara sagrada. lihpov, a measure]. The estimation of the
Calipers {kaF-ip-crz) [corruption of calil>rr'\. heat-units by the calorimeter.
Compasses with curved legs. Calory [!•>., Caloric^
{kal'-or-e)
A heat
Calisaya (kal is-a'-yah) [South America]. unit; the amount of heat rc>iuired to raise
Cinchona bark, especially that of Ciiicltotia the temperature of one kilogram oi water
lalisiivii. See Cinchona. one degree Centigrade.
Calisthenics, or Callisthenics [kal-is-thcn'- Calumba {kal-um' bah) [native Mozambique.
?7'f),[/>a/or, beautiful ; cr^frof, strength]. The kalumh\ Columbo. The root of /.///•-'r- C
practice of various rhythmic movements of the rhiza, native to South Africa ami parts of the
It is an excellent example of %
body, intended to develop the muscles and K. Indies.
and contains a bitler |>rinciplc,
])roduce gracefulness of carriage; light gym- sim])le bitter,
calumbin, of which ihc dos«' is
nastics, especially designed for the use of C.,,1 1.,,.( >.,
It is not astringent, and

girls and young women. gr.j-iij (0.065-0.2).
use-
Calix {ka'-lix) [L.]. A cup; especially one may be prescribed with
salts of iron. Il is
CALVARIA CANAL
fulin atonic dyspepsia, and as a mild, appeti- used in cholera, vomiting, the typhoid state,
zing tonic in convalescence. C, Ext. (B. P.). headache, diarrhea with pain, etc., cardiac
Dose gr. (0.13-0.65).
ij-x C, Ext. Fid. depression, and affections requiring an anti-
Dose rt\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). C, Infus. (B. spasmodic. C, Aqua, consists of camphor
P.). Dose f^j-ij (32.0-64.0). CTinct., 8,alcohol 5, distilled water sufficient to make
contains ten per cent, of C. Dose f^ss-ij roooparts. Dose f^^^j-iv (4.0-16.0). C.Bali,
(2.0-S.o). an English preparation used as an application
Calvaria, Calvarium [kal-va' -re-ah kal-va' - , to chapped skin. Its composition is
sperma-
re-iini) \_ialva, the scalp]. The upper part ceti 4, white wax 12, oil of almonds 5 ;
melt
of the skull. in a water bath, and add flowers of
camphor
Calvities {/cal
-
visit'-
e-ez) \^calviis, bald]. 4. Dissolve and when nearly cold pour into
Baldness. boxes or mould in gallipots. C, Borneo.
Calx [L.].
{kalks) I. The heel. 2. The See Borneo/. C, Carbolated, a mixture
ox id of calcium, CaO. See Caicium. C. of 2|^ parts of camplior with one each of
chlorata (U. S. P.), C. chlorinata (B. P.), phenol and alcohol it is a
;
good antiseptic
chlorinated lime. C. sulphurata (U. S. P., dressing for wounds. C, Ceratum, consists
B. P.), consists largely of calcium sulphid ; of camphor liniment 3, olive oil 12, simple
used externally and internally in skin dis- cerate S5. It is used for itching skin-affec-
eases. Dose yi^ grain (0.006). tions. C, Chloral, a fluid prepared by mixing
Cambodia, Cambogia {kani-bo'-je-ah) [Cam- equal parts of camphor and chloral. It is an
bo/a, or Caml>oi/ia, in Sia.m^. Gamboge. A excellent solvent for many alkaloids, and
resinous gum from Carcinia hanburii, a tree is used
externally as a sedative application.
native to Southern Asia. Its properties are C.-ice, the ccratitm ccDiipJiortr coiJipositmn,
due to gambogic acid. It is a drastic, hy- N. Y .
C, Linimentum, has camphor 20,
dragogue cathartic, decidedly diuretic. C, cottonseed oil 80 parts. C, Liniment.
Pil. Comp. (B. P.), contains
gamboge, Bar- Comp. (B. P.), contains camphor and ciil of
badoes aloes, hard soap, compound powder lavender dissolved in rectified spirit, and
of cinnamon, and syrup. Dose gr. v-x
(0.32- strong solution of ammonia added. C,
0.65). It is also officially a constituent of Monobromated, C',f|II|-BrO, camphor in
Pil. Cathartic. Comp. See Coloiyiith. Dose which one atom of hydrogen has been re-
gr. ij-v (0.13-0.32). placed by an atom of bromin. It resembles
Camera [knin'-er-ah) \_i<n/iapa, an arched roof the bromids in therapeutic action. Dose gr.
or chamber]. A
box or chamber. In optics, j-x (0.065-0.65). C. salicylate, pre-
the chamber or dark-box of the apparatus
pared by heating together I4 parts of cam-
used for photography. C. lucida, an optic phor with II of salicylic acid. It is used
device for superimposing or combining two as an ointment. C, Spt., contains cam-
fields of view in one
eye, invented by the phor 10, alcohol 70, water 20 parts.
chemist, Wollaston. Dosen\v-xx (0.32-1.3). C, Tinct., Comp.
Camisole {k(nii-isdl') [FV.]. The straight- (B. P.), contains opium, benzoic acid, cam-
jacket, formerly used for the restraint of vio- phor, oil of anise, and ]iroof spirit. I)(>se
lently insane persons. tT\,xv-f_::;j (1.0-4.0). C, Tinct., Rubini's.
Camomile, or Chamomile [kam' -o-m'il^. Unof A saturated solution of camphor in
See Atifhciiiis and Mal)-icaria. alcohol. Dose Tt\^ ij-v (0.13-0.32).
Camp Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever. Camphorated {cam'-for-a-ted) [raiiip/iorn,

Camphenes {kam'-fcivz) \^camphor'\. The camiihor]. Containing camphor.
volatile oils or hydrocarbons having the gen- Camphoric Acid {knvi-for'-ik). Siet Acid.
eral formula
C,uH,g, isomeric with oil of tur- Campimeter [kar/ipi/n'-ei-er). See Fer-
pentine. Many camphenes exist ready- iituicr.
formed in plants, as oil of cloves, etc. They Canada [kan'-a dak) [Sp.]. A British pos-
are liquid at ordinary temperatures. session in North America. C. Balsam,
Campho-phenique {kam-fo-fcn-'ek') [Fr-]- the oleoresin of Abies balsamea used as a
A proprietary preparation combining camphor mounting medium in microscopy. C. Hemp.
and phenol it is reconniiended as an anti-
; See ApoiyniiDi.
septic and local stimulant. Unof. Canadol [kan'-ad-ol ) A transparent volatile
.
Camphor [kam'-for) \_cantphora, camphor], liquid resembling benzene in smell. It is
în^îfP- '^ solid, volatile oil obtained from a local anesthetic used in minor surgical oper-
CtiDianionniin caniphorii, a tree indigenous to ations. Unof.
Eastern Asia. It yields camphoric and cam- Canal, or Canalis {kaii-al', or knu-a'-Iis)
phonic acids, also C. Cymol when exposed to \cainialis~\. A tubular channel or passage.
a high heat in close vessels. It is antispas- C., Abdominal. See C, Fioninai. C.,
modic, anodyne, diaphoretic, and stimu- Alcock's, a strong sheath of the obturator
lant. Applied locally, it is rubefacient. It is of the fascia the in
layer pelvic containing
CANAL CANAL
ternal pudic artery. C, Alimentary, the the center of the
spinal cord from the conn*
whole digestive tul)e from the mouth to the mcdulhiris to the Ujwer of the {•
part
anus. C, Alisphenoid, in comparative ventricle. It represents the eniliryonie
anatomy, a canal in the alisjilienoid bone, dermal canal. C, Cerebrospinal, i. 1 he
opening anteriorly into the foramen rotun- neural or cranioverlebral canal formed
by
dum, and transmitting the external carotid the skull and tiie
sjiine, and containing the
artery. C, Alveolar, Anterior, one located brain and spinal marrow. 2. The ].riiiiitivc
in the superior maxilla; it transmits the an- continuous caviiy of ihe brain and
spinal
tarior superior dental nerve. C, Alveolar, cord, not infre(|uently more or less exten-
Inferior, the inferior dental canal. C, oi)literated in the hut in the
sively latter,
Alveolar, Median, one located in the supe- former modified in the form of the several
rior maxilla and transmitting the middle ventricles and other cavities. C, Cervical.
supêrior dental nerve. C, Alveolar, Pos- See C. ofCeri'ix Uteri. C, Cervicouterine.
terior, one situated in the superior maxilla ; See C, Uterine. C. of Cervix Uteri, that
it transmits the posterior superior dental jwrtion of the uterine canal liiat cMitid-. I>e-
nerve. C, Alveolodental. See C, £),//- tween the internal and external o.s. C. of
ta!. C, Arachnoid, a space formed lie- Chorda Tympani, a small canal in the
neath the arachnoid membrane of the brain between
;
temporal bone, its squamous and
it transmits the venas magnre Galeni. C. petrous portions, parallel with the (]|a>triaii
of Arantius, the ductus venosus. C, fissure; it transmits the chorila tyni] ini
Archinephric, the duct of the archine- nerve. C, Ciliary. See C. of Jontaii.i. C.
phron or primitive kidney. C, Arterial. of Cloquet. Sec C, //ya/oid. C, Cochlear,
See Ductus arh'rios/is. C, Atrial, the cav- the spiral and snail like cavity of the cochlea,
ity of the atrium. C, Auditory, External, 28 to 30 mm. long. The base is turned in-
that from the auricle to the tympanic mem- ward toward the internal auditory meatus, and
brane. C, Auditory, Internal, that be- the apex outward toward the tyni|)anum.
ginning on the posterior surface of the C, Connecting, the arched or coiled portion
petrous bone, and extending outward and of a uriniferous tubule, joining with a collect-
backward for a distance of about four lines ; ing tubule. C. of Corti, the triangular
it transmits the auditory and facial nerves, canal formed by the pillars of Corti, the base
and the auditory artery. C, Auricular, i. of which corresponds to the membrana
See C, Auditory, External. 2. The con- basilaris. extends over the entire length
It
striction l)etween the auricular and ventric- of the lamina spiralis. C. of Cotunnius.
ular portions of the fetal heart. C, Avant, See A(]i(eduet of Cotunnius. C, Cranio-
the anterior portion of the male urethra. vertebral. See C, Cerebrospifuif and C". ,
C, Bartholin's, duct of Bartholin's
the A'eural. C, Crural. ?,te C, I'emonil. C.
gland. a supplementary
C, Bernard's, of Cuvier, the ductus venosus. C, Cystic,
duct of the pancreas. Also called San- the cystic duct. C, Deferent, the vas
torini's canal. C, Bichat's. êe C, Arar/t- deferens. C, Demicircular. See f
.
,
.SVw/-
noid. C, See C, Hepatic.
Biliary. C, circular. C, Dental, Anterior, one extend-
Blastoporic. See C, Aêurentcric. C. of ing into the facial portion of the supt-rior
Bone, a canaliculus of bone. C, Braun's. maxilla it
;
transmits the anterior dental
See C A^curriiteric. C, Braune's, the con-
,
vessels and nerves. C, Dental, Inferior.
tinuous passage formed by the uterine cavity the dental canal of the inferior maxilla; it
and the vagina during labor, after full dilata- transmits the infitior dental ner\'e and
tion of the OS uteri. C., Breschet's. See C. vessels. C, Dental, Posterior, two canals
of the Diploe. C, Bullular. See C. of in the superior maxilla. They transmit the
Petit. C, Caroticotympanic, two or three superior ]iosterior dental vessels and nerves.
short canals extending from the carotid canal C, Dentinal, the minute canals in dentine,
to the tympanum they transmit branches of
; extending ajsproximately at right angles to
the caroticl plexus. C, Carotid, one in the the surface of a tooth from the pulp r:niiv, in-
to which they open, to the cem<
petrous portion of the temporal bone
1 '
it ;
transmits the internal carotid artery. C. enamel. C, Digestive. SecT. ,./.

of Cartilage, the canals in ossifying car- C. of Diploe, canals in the diploe ol (he
tilage, during its vascularization intended cranium transmitting Hreschet's veins. C,
of
to receive prolongations of the osteogenetic Ejaculatory. See Duct, Ejiienlnlory. C.
a convoluti<l tul'e. alxnit croi.^ 1
layer of the periosteum. They radiate Epididymis,

in all directions from the center of ossifi- long when
straightened, forming theepi.lilv
cation. C, Central (of the modiolus), misand conlinunus with the vas deferens. C.,
a canal running from the base to the apex Ethmoidal, Anterior, one U-lweon the etii
moid and frontal bones it Imnsmils the na.«inl
of the cochlea. C, Central (of spinal ;
branch of the ophthalmic nerve, and the .m

cord), the small canal that extends through
CANAL GANAL
terior ethmoidal vessels. C, Ethmoidal, to ramify on the posterior surface of the crystal-
Posterior. See C.
Orbital, Posterior, Jii-
,
line lens. C, Incisor, a canal that ojiens
teriial. C, Eustachian, one in the petrous into the mouth by an aperture just behind the
of the temporal bone, containing a incisor teeth of the upper jaw it is formed
portion ;
portion of the Eustachian tube. C, Facial, by a groove on the adjoining surfaces of the
the aqueduct of Fallojiius; it transmits the
superior maxilla;, and has two branches that
facial nerve. C, Fallopian. See C. Facial. open into the nasal fossce. C, Infraorbital, a
C, Femoral. I. The inner compartment of small canal running oblicjuely through the
the sheath of the femoral vessels behind Pou- bony floor of the orbit it transmits the in-
;
part's ligament. 2. '6ee C, Iliiiiter's. C. of fraorbital artery and nerve. C, Inguinal,

Ferrein, a triangular channel, supposed to ex- a canal about one and one-half inches long,
ist between the free edges of the eyelids when running obliquely downward and inward
they are closed, and to serve for conducting from the internal to the external abdominal
the tears toward the puncta lacrymalia ring, and constituting the channel through
during sleep. C. of Fontana, a series of which an inguinal hernia descends it trans- ;
small spaces formed by the interlacing of the mits the spermatic cord in the male, and the
connective-tissue fibers of the framework of round ligament of the uterus in the female.
the peripheral processes of the iris, situated in C, Intestinal, that portion of the alimentary
the angle of the anterior chamber, and canal that is included between the jiylorus
serving as a medium for the transudation of and the anus. C., Intralobular, Biliary,
the aqueous humor from the posterior to the the radicles of the bile-ducts, forming a fine
anterior chamber of the eye. They are also network in and around the hepatic cells, and
called C. of Iloviiis, C, Ciliary, and Fon- communicating with vacuoles in the cells.
taiia's Spaces. C, Galactophorous, the C. of Jacobson. See C, Tyinpanic. C. of
lactiferous tubules of the C.
mammary gland. Kowalevsky. See C. Netirente7-ic. C, ,
of Gartner, in the female, the remains of the Lacrymal. i The bony canal that lodges
.
main portion of the Wolffian duct of the em- the nasal duct. 2. One of the lacrymal
bryo it is a tube extending transversely along

;
canaliculi. C.of Loewenberg, that portion
the broad ligament, and is the homologue of of the cochlear canal that is situated above
the vas deferens. C, Genital, in comparative the membrane of Corti. C, Malar, one in
anatomy, any canal designed for copulation or the malar bone transmitting the malar division
for the discharge of ova. C. of Guidi. See of the temporomalar branch of the superior
C, Vidian. C. of Havers. See C, //<7rr;-- maxillary nerve. C, Maxillary. See C, Den-
sian. C, Haversian, canals in the compact tal. C, Median. I. The central canal of the
substance of bone forming a wide-meshed spinal cord. 2. The aqueduct of Sylvius.
network, and establishing communication be- C., Medullary, i. The hollow cavity of a
tween the medullary cavity and the surface of long bone, containing the marrow. 2. See
the bone. Their average diameter is j^ C, Vertebral. 3. The central canal of the
inch, and they are lined by a continuation of spinal cord. 4. An Haversian canal. 5. In
the endosteum they transmit blood-vessels,
; embryology, the medullary tube. C, Med-
lymph-vessels, and nerves. C, Hemal, the ullary, Cerebrospinal, the central canal
ventral of the two canals of which, according of the spinal cord. C, Membranous, of
to R. Owen, the vertebrate animal is com- the Cochlea, a canal in the cochlea, follow-
posed. It contains the heart and the other ing the turns of the lamina spiralis it is ;
viscera, while the neural canal encloses the bounded by the basilar membrane, the mem-
central nervous system. C. of Henle, a brane of Reissner, and the wall of the coch-
portion of the uriniferous tubules. C, He- lea. C, Membranous, Semicircular. See
patic. 1. The excretory duct of the liver. 2. C, Semicircular. C. of Modiolus, the
The radicles of the hepatic duct. C, Her- spiral canal of the cochlea. C, Myelonal,
nial, one transmitting a hernia. C, of Hovius. the central canal of the spinal cord. C,
See C. of Foil tana. C. of Huguier. See Nasal. See C, Lacrymal. 2 An occa-
I.
C. of the Chorda Tynpani. C, Hunter's, sional canal found in the posterior portion of
a triangular canal formed in the adductor the nasal bone it transmits the nasal nerves.
;
magnus muscle of the thigh it transmits the; C, Nasolacrymal. See C, Lacrymal.

femoral artery and vein and internal saphen- C, Nasopalatine. See C, Incisor. C,
ous nerve. C. of Huschke, one formed by Neural. See C, Vertebral. C, Neuren-
the junction of the tubercles of the annulus teric, of Kowalevsky, also called blasto-
tympanicus. This is generally obliterated poric canal, in the embryo, a passage leading
after the fifth year, but may persist through from the posterior part of the medullary tube
life. C, Hyaloid, a canal running antero- into the archenteron. C, Neurocentral.
posteriorly through the vitreous body, through See C.,]'ertebral. C. of Nuck, a jxnich of
which in the fetus the hyaloid artery passes, peritoneum which, in the female fetus, de-
CANAL CANAL
scends for a short distance along the round niatic, an Haversian canal. C. Pore. See
ligament of the uterus into the inguinal canal ; C. , Porous. C, Porous, a canal in the
ovule,
it is the analogue of the
processus vaginalis suppo.sed lo serve for the cnlrancc of ilie
in the male. It sometimes
persists after hirtli.
See
spermatozoids in fL-cuiidaiion. C, Portal,
C, Nutritive. C, Haversian. C, the space in the
capsule of Gliisun of the
Obstetric. See C, Parturient. C, Obtu- liver, in which the [wjrtal vein, hcpaiic
rator, a canal in the ilium transmitting the and bile-duct
artery, lie. C, Primi-
obturator nerve and vessels. C, Olfactory, tive, the neural canal of the
embryo. '
in the embryo, the nasal fossx' at an early C, Pseudostomatous, the pr« Kresse;, of
period of development. C, Omphalo- l)ranched cells that e.\tend from a
.sulx-pi-
mesenteric, in the embryo, a canal that thelial or endothelial
layer to the free surface,
connects the cavity of the intestine with the their free ends
forming the p.seudostomata.
umbilical vesicle. C, Orbital, Anterior C, Pterygoid. See C, I'itiian. C, Ptery-
Internal. ':^tt^ C, Ethmoidal., Anterior. C, gopalatine, one formed by the root of the
Orbital, Posterior Internal, the posterior of internal pterygoid plate of the
sphenoid lione
L two canals formed l)y the ethmoid bone and and the process of the palate
" the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It trans- bone.
sphi-noitlal
It transmits the pterygopalatine ves-
mits the posterior ethmoidal vessels. C, Pala- sels and nerve. C, Pulmoaortic. See
tine, Accessory Posterior, one or two canals Duitus arteriosus. C. of Recklinghausen,
in the horizontal jilate of the palate bone, near minute channels supposed to exist in all
the groove entering into the formation of the connective tissue, which are directly continu-
posterior palatine canal. C, Palatine, An- ous with the lymphatic vessels, and hence
terior, formed by the union of the incisive may be said to form their origin. C. of
canals ; it opens on the palate behind the in- Reissner. See C. Membranous, of the
,
cisor teeth. C, Palatine, Descending. Cochlea. C. of Rivinus, the duct of the

See C, Palaloinaxillary. C, Palatine, sublingual gland. C. of Rosenthal. See
External, Small, a small canal in the pyra- 6'., Spiral, of the Modiolus. C, Sacculo-
midal process of the palate bone, close to its cochlear, one connecting the sacculus
connection with the horizontal plate. It and the cochlea. C, Sacculoutricular,
transmits the external palatine nerve. C, one connecting the sacculus an<l the
Palatine, Posterior. See C, Palatonia.x- utricle. C, Sacral, the continuation of
illarv. C, Palatine, Smaller. See C. ,
the vertebral canal in the sacrum. C. of
Palatine, Posterior. C, Palatine, Supe- Schlemm, an irregular space or plexiform
rior, one formed by the palate bone and the series of spaces occupying the sclerocorneal
superior maxilla, transmitting the large pala- region of the eye ; it is reg.arded by some as
tine nerve and blood-vessels. C, Palato- a venous sinus, by others as a lymph chan-
maxillary, one formed by the outer surface nel. C, Semicircular, bony canals of the
of the palate bone and the adjoining surface labyrinth of the internal ear. They are three
of the superior maxilla. It transmits the in number, the external, superior, and pc>s-
large palatine nerve and blood-vessel. C, terior, and contain the membranous semicircu-
Parturient, the channel through which the lar canals. C, Semicircular, Anterior.
fetus passes in parturition, comprising the cav- See C, Semicircular, Superior. C., Semi-
ity formed by the uterus and vagina consid- circular, Anterior Vertical, ."êe ('., Semi-
ered as a single canal. C, Pelvic, the canal circular, Superior. C, Semicircular. Ex-
of the pelvis from the superior to the inferior ternal, that one of the semicircular canals of
strait. C, Perivascular, the lymph spaces the Ial)yrinlh liaving its plane horizontal and
about the blood-vessels. C. of Petit, a space, its convexity directed backward. C, Semi-
circular, Frontal. See C, Se'tiicirculor,
intersected by numerous fine interlacing
fibers, existing between the anterior and pos- Superior. C, Semicircular, Horizontal.
terior lamin:e of the suspensory ligament of See C, Semicircular, E.xternal. C, Semi-
the It extends from the
lens. circular, Inferior. See C, Semicircular,
crystalline
periphery of the lens, nearly to the apices of Posterior. C, Semicircular, Inner, ."êe
the ciliary processes, and transmits tlie secre- C, Semicircular, Posterior. C, Semi-
tion from the posterior chamber. C, Pe- circular, Internal. See ('. , Stmicinu/ar,
tromastoid, a small canal, not always pres- Posterior. C, Semicircular, Lateral. See
ent, situated at the angle of union between C, .Semicircular, External. C. Semi-
the mastoid and jietrous bones. It transmits a circular, See ('.
Osseous. ,
small vein from the middle fossa of the skull to C, Semicircular, Posterior,
the transverse sinus. C, Petrosal, two canals the semicircular canals having its convrviiy
on the upper surface of the jjetrous portion of directed backward, and its i>lane almost
the tem[wjral bone, transmitting the largo nnd ])aiallel to
the posterior wall of the |>yramid.
small superficial petrosal nerves. C, Plas- C, Semicircular. Posterior Vertical. Sec
CANAL CANCRUM
C, Semicircidar, Posterior. C, Semicir- cotemporal, the temporal canal of the malar
cular, Sagittal. See C, Semicircular, bone, running from its orbital to its temporal
Posterior. C, Semicircular, Superior, surface. It transmits a branch of the supe-
that one of the semicircular canals having its rior maxillary nerve.
convexity directed toward the upper surface Canalicular [kan-al-ik'-u lar) '[canalis, a
of the pyramid. C, Seminal, the seminif- channel]. Canal-shaped.
erous tubules. C, Serous, any minute Canaliculus [Ican-al-iiy-n-lns) [L.]. I. A
canal connected with the lymph-vessels and small canal ; especially that leading from the
supposed to be filled with lymph. C, punctum to the lacrynial sac of the eye. 2.
Sheathing, the communication between the Any one of the minute canals opening into
cavity of the tunica vaginalis of the testicle the lacunre of bone.
and the general peritoneal cavity. It soon Canalization [l-an-al-iz-a^-s/inn) \_canalis, a
closes in man, leaving the tunica vaginalis a i. The formation of canals, as in
canal],
closed sac. C, Spermatic. I. The vas tissues, etc. 2. A system of wound-drainage
deferens. 2. The inguinal canal in the without tubes.
male. C, Sphenopalatine. See C, Cancellous {kan'-sel-us) \_cancclli, lattice-
PterygopaIati)n\ C, Spinal. See C, Verte- work]. Rcsenililing lattice- work, as the
bral. C, Spiral, of the Cochlea, one that tissue in the articular ends of long bones.
runs spirally around the modiolus, taking two Cancer [i'an^-ser'). See Carcinoma. C.
turns and a half, diminishing in size from the aquaticus. Synonym of Stomatitis, Gan-
base to the apex, and terminating in the cu- grenous. C. -bandage, a crab-shaped band-
pola. C, Spiral, of the Modiolus, a small age a split cloth of eight tails.
; C.-cell, an
canal winding around the modiolus at the epithelial cell of peculiar distorted shape,
base of the lamina spiralis. C, Spiroid, of found in the interior of cancer-nests. It is an
the Temporal Bone. See C, Fnllopiati. ordinary epithelial cell altered in outline by
C. of Steno, the duct of the parotid gland. pressure. C, Clay-pipe. See C, Smo/iers\
C. of Stilling. See C, Hyaloid, 'smA C, C, Colloid, one containing colk)id material.
Central,of Spinal Cord. C, Suborbital. See C, Encephaloid. See C, Soft. C. en
C, Infraorbital. C, Supraorbital, one at cuirasse, disseminated cancer of the skin of
the upjjer margin of the orbit. It transmits the thorax. C, Hard, one containing an ex-
the supraorbital artery and nerve. C, Tem- cess of fibrous tissue. C. -juice, the milky
poral. See C, Zygoniaticotewporal C, . fluid yielded by the cut surface of a can-
Temporomalar. See C, Zygoma ticotctn- cer on scraping. C, Medullary. See C,

poral. C, Thoracic, the thoracic duct. Soft. C, Melanotic, a pigmented form. C,
C, Tympanic, one that opens on the lower Scirrhous. See C, Hard. C, Smokers',
surface of the petrous bone, between the epithelioma of the lip due to the irritation of a
carotid canal and the groove for the internal pipe. C, Soft, one in which the cells pre-
jugular vein. It transmits Jacobson's nerve. dominate, the connective tissue being very
C, Uterine, the cavity of the uterus, includ- small in amount.
ing the body and neck. C, Uterocervical, Cancerin i^kan' -ser-in^\cancer, a crab]. The
the cavity of the cervix uteri. C, Utero- name given to a ptomain obtained from the
vaginal. I. The common canal formed by urine in cases of carcinoma of the uterus. It
the uterus and vagina. 2. In embryology, is a white substance crystallizing in fine
the duct of Miiller. C, Vaginal, the canal needles and soluble in alkaline solutions. Its
of the vagina. C, Vascular. See C, I/a7'- formula is CÎl^NO-j.
ersian. C, Vector, the oviduct. C, Ven- Cancerous i^kan'-ser-^ts) \cancer, a crab].
ous, the ductus venosus. C, Vertebral, the Having the qualities of a cancer malignant.
;
canal formed by the vertebra-. It contains Canceromyces i^kan - ser -a- mi'- sez) See .
the spinal cord and its membranes. C, Cladosporiiim cancerogenes.

Vidian, a canal of the sphenoid lione at the Cancroid [kang'-kroid) [cancer, a crab].
base of the internal pterygoid plate, opening Cancer-like. C. Corpuscles, the pearly
anteriorly into the sphenomaxillary fossa, and bodies of squamous epithelioma. C. Ulcer.
posteriorly into the foramen lacerum. It trans- See Rodent Ulcer.
mits the vidian nerve and vessels. C, Vul- Cancroin [kati'-kro-in) [cancer, a crab].
A
var, the vestibule of the vagina. C, Vulvo- substance (said to be identical with neurin),
uterine, the vagina. C, Vulvovaginal, i. introduced by .\clamkiewicz as a material for
The vagina and the vulva considered as a hypodermic injection in cases of malignant
single canal. 2. The orifice of the hymen. disease, it being regarded by him as an alexin
C. of Wirsung, the pancreatic duct. C. of destructive of cancer-tis.sue.
Wolff. See Wolffian Duct. C, Zygomatic. Cancrum (kang'-knn/i) [cancer, a crab].
See C, Zygomaticotemporal C, Zygomati-
. A cancer or rapidly-spreading ulcer. C. oris,
cofacial. See C, Malar. C, Zygomati- canker of the mouth, gangrenous stomatitis,
CANE SUGAR CANTIIARIS
noma, gangrenous ulceration of the mouth. It is
antispasm(xlic, narcotir, and nplirodisiac.
It is a disease of childhood between the In large doses it
ages produces mental cxaii.iti.iii,
of one and live, characterizetl by the forma-
into.xication, and a sensation of double t«»n-
tion of foul, deep ulcers of the buccal surfaces sciousness. It is used in
migraine, in para-
of the cheeks or lips. There is but slight lysis agitans, in spasm of ilie bladder, in -.exual
pain, but the prostration is great, and deatli impotence, in wiiooping cough, in ii.-)ilinm,
usually results from exhaustion or blood- and in other
spasmoilic affetlions. /A///^',
poisoning. The disease is bacterial, poor Bhang, Gunjah, Clturriis, and HaJiiJt arc
hygienic surroundings and a debilitated sys- the various Indian names by wiiich llie
drug
tem being predisposing causes. is known. C. indica, Ext., dose gr.
"/^-j
Cane Sugar. See Saccharum. (0.01-0.065). C. ind., Ext., Fid., uu alco-
Canella [kan-cF-ah) [dim. of Ccnina, a reed]. holic preparation. Dose n\j-v (0.065-0.32).
The bark of C. alba deprived of its
corky C. ind., Tinct., contains 20
per cent, of
layer and dried. It is a native of tlie West the drug. Dose n\,xx-f j Can- 3 (1.3-4.0).
Indies and is an aromatic tonic and bitter nabin Tannate. Dose as an hypnotic gr.
stomachic. Dose of the powdered bark, gr. v-x (0.32-0.65).
xv-xxx (1.0-2.0). It is official in the 15. V. Cannula [kan^-u-lali] [dim. of cunttit, a
Canine (ka'-nln) \_canis, a dog] Partaking .
tube]. A tulje used for withdrawing (luids
of the nature of, relating to, or resembling a from the body. It is generally lilted with a
dog, or the sharp tearing-teeth of mammals, pointed rod for puncturing the integument.
located between the incisors and the molars. Canquoin's Paste. A paste of Hour, water,
C. Appetite, bulimia. C. Eminence, a and zinc clilorid it is a powerful escliarotic.
;
prominence on the outer side of the upper Cantani's Diet. An exclusive meat diet in
maxillary bone. C. Fossa. See Fossa. C. tliabetes.
Laugh, a sardonic smile or grin. C. Mad- Cantering Rhythm [ian'-tering rithin).
ness, rabies, hydrophobia. C. Muscle, tlie See Bruit de Galop.
levator anguli oris. C. Teeth, dentes canini ;
Canthal [kan' -thai) [\ai'(%, a canthus].
cynodontes dentes laniarii dents angulaires
; ; ; Relating to a canthus.
cuspidati conoides eye-teeth.
; ;
The cuspid Cantharidal {^kan-thar'-id-al) [^K(ii-lhti,ii;, a
teeth next to the lateral incisors ; so called blistering fly]. Relating to or containing
from their resemblance to a dog's teeth. cantharides.
Canities (kan-ish' -e-ez) [Lat.]. Poliosis; Cantharides i^kan-thar'-id-cz). Plural of
hoariness blanching of the hair.
;
Canlharis.
Canker [kang'-ker) [^cancer, a crab]. An Cantharidin [kan-tliar^-id-in) [«« Wû/jir, a blis-
ulceration of the mouth, or any ulcerous tering fly], CmII,.,()^. The bitter principle
or gangrenous sore cancrum oris in far-
; ;
contained in .Spanish flies and other insects ;
it crystallizes in prisms or leaflets, and melts
riery, a fetid abscess of the horse's foot.
See Cancrum oris. C.-rash. Synonym at 218°. It has an extremely bitter taste,
of Scarlet Fever. and produces blisters on the skin. See
Canna [kan'-alt) \Kavva, a cane].genus A Cantharis.
of large-leaved marantaceous plants. C. Cantharis {Ican'-thar-is') [Kai-thi)!r,
a blister-
indica, has an acrid and stimulant root it ; ing fly: />l., Canl/iaridrs'\. .'Spanish lly.
is alterative,' diuretic, and dia[)horctic. The dried body of a species of beetle, C.

Unof. The rhizome of C. spcciosa atfords vesicatoria (nat. ord. Colcoptcra). It contains
canna-starch, a substitute for arrow-root. a powerful poisonous ]irinciple, cantharidin,

Cannabene See Caiuiabis. cantharis is arul)e-
[kan'-aO-en). C,oII|.,04. Locally applied,
Cannabin. See Cannabis. facient and vesicant; internally it is an irri-
Cannabinin (J;an ab' in in^ [cannabis,
- - -
tant, causing pain and vomiting. In toxic doser
hemp]. A volatile alkaloid from cannabis it

produces severe gastroenteritis, strangury,
indica. and priapism. It is u.sed as an eviernal
Cannabinon, Cannabinone counterirritant in the form of "blisters.'

[kan-ab'-i?i-dn)
An to the
[^cannabis, hemp].amorphous bitter Internally it is employed as a stimulant
resinoid from Indian hemp, used as an hyp- genitourinary mucous membrane, cs|>eci.nlly
notic. Dose I to 3 grains (0.065-0.2). Unof. in cystitis, atony of the bladder, amenorrliea,
Cannabis {kan'-ab-is) [L.]. Hemp. Indian etc.; also in skin diseases.
Acetum (P". C
P. ), of the strength of I to S. C, Ceralum,
hemp. The flowering tops of C. saliva, of
which there are two varieties, C. indica and cantharides 35, yellow wax 20, resin 20. lani
C. americana, the former being the more 35 parts, alcohol q. s. C, Ext.. Ceratum.
cantharides 30, resin 15, yellow w.ix 35. hml
potent. They contain a resin, cannabin, and
a volatile oil, from which are obtaineil can- 35, alcohol q. s. C, Charta, ciinlhariiles I.
and Canada I, olive oil 4, siHiiu.Kcti
nabene, C,j,ll.^|,, a light hydrocarbon, tur|)entine
10 parts, spreavl ou
white wax water
hydrid of cannabene, a crystalline body. 3, i>,
CANTHECTOMY CAPSULAR
paper. Charta epispastica (B. P.), blister- filament, or to a tube with a hair-like bore.
ing-paper (white-wax, spermaceti, olive oil, 2. A
minute blood-vessel connecting the
resin, Canada balsam, cantharides, distilled smallest ramifications of the arteries with
water). C. cum collodio, cantharides 60, those of the veins. C. Attraction. See Cnp-
flexible collodion 85, chloroform q. s. Em- illarity. C. Bronchitis. .See Bronchitis.
plastrum picis cum cantharide, warming C. Fissure, C. Fracture, a linear fracture,

plaster, Uurgundy pitch 92,
cerat. canthar. without displacement. C. Nevus. See
8 parts. Emplastrum calefaciens (1!. P.), jV<evus vascularis. C. Pulse, pulsation of
cantharides, expressed oil of nutmeg, yellow the capillaries sometimes seen in aortic re-
wax, resin, resin plaster, soap-plaster, boiling gurgitation. C. Vessels, the capillaries.
water. C, Emplastrum (B. P.), cantharides, Capillaries, Meigs's, branching capillaries
yellow wax, prepared suet, prepared lard, discovered by A. V.. Meigs in the humai'
resin. C, Liniment., cantharides 15 parts, heart.
oil of turpentine q. s. ad loo. C, Tinct., Capital {kap'-it-al) [caput, the head], i.
contains 5 per cent, of the drug. Dose 3-10 Pertaining to the head, or to the summit of a
drops (0.09-0.3). C, Unguent. (B. P.), body or object. 2. Of great importance, as
cantharides, yellow wax, olive oil. a ca[)ital operation in surgery.
Canthectomy [Jcan-thek' -to-tne) \KavQ6q, can- Capitellum {kap-it-el' -urn) [dim. of caput'].
thus EKToiili, a cutting out].
;
Excision of a The rounded, external surface of the lower
canthus. end of the humerus.
Canthitis [_Knv06r, canthus Capitulum {kap-it'-u-lu>ii)\_capitti/iiiu,a. small
- titi'- /is)
{/can ;
tT(^, inflammation]. Inflammation of a can- head]. A

little head. C. of Santorini,
thus. a small elevation on the apex of the arytenoid
Canthoplasty {kan' -tho- plas-te) \jiavddq, can- cartilage corresponding in position to the pos-
thus ; -'/'.aaaziv, to
form]. An operation for terior extremity of the vocal band.
increasing the size of the palpebral fissure by Capric Acid {kap'-rik as' -id). See Acid.
cutting tlie outer canthus. Caprin {kap'-rin) \caper, a goat]. An oily and
Canthorraphy {kan-thor'-a-fe) \Kavd6r, can- flavoring constituent of butter ; glycerol cap-
thus /xi^v, a seam].
;
An operation to re- rate.
duce the size of the palpebral fissure by Caproic Acid {kapro'-ik as' -id). See Acid.
suture of the canthus. Caprone {kap'-ron) \_capcr, a goat], C,,H,^,^0.
Canthotomy {kan-tliot' -o-me) \KavQ6(;, can- Caproic ketone a clear, volatile oil found in
;
thus; ro//7, a cutting]. Surgical division of butter, and forming the larger part of the oil
a canthus. of rue.
Canthus [kan'-thiis) \jiavi)oc,, canthus]. The Caproylamin {kap-ro-il'-ain-in) [caper, a
angle formed by the junction of the eyelids. goat; (?w/;;] , Cj.IIjjN. Ilexylamin. A pto
Canula {kan' -u-lah'). See Cannula. main formed in the putrefaction of yeast.
Caoutchouc {koo'-c/mk) [.S. American]. In- Caprylic Acid {kap-ril'-ic as' -id). See Acid.
dia-rubber. The chief substance contained Capsicin {kap'-sis-in), CjjHjÔj. The active
in the milky juice that exudes upon incision principle of Cayenne pepper. It is a thick,
of a number of tropic trees belonging to yellowish-red substance.
the natural orders EiAphorhiacea:, Artocar- Capsicol {kap'-sik-ol) [capsicum ; oleum,
pacecc, and Apocynacea. Tiie juice is a vege- oil]. A red oil obtainable from the oleo-
table emulsion, caoutchouc being sus-
the resin of capsicum.
pended in form of minute transparent

it in the Capsicum [capsa, a box].
{kap'-sik-ttm)
globules. When pure, caoutchouc is nearly Cayenne pepper. The
of C. fastigi-
fruit
white, soft, elastic, and glutinous it swells ; atutn, native to tropic Africa and America.
Its odor and hot taste are due to a vola-
up in water without dissolving; the best sol-
vents are carbon disulphid and. chloroform. It tile oil, capsicin, CgHjÔ.^, which is irri
melts at about 150° C, and decomposes at tant to the skin and mucous membranes. In
200° C. ternally, a stomachic, tonic, diuretic, and
it is
It is useful in atonic dyspei'sia,

Capacity {kap-as'-it-e) [^capaciias, capacity]. aphrodisiac.
The power of holding or containing mental ;
flatulent colic, and in intermittent fever. C
or physical ability. C, Vital, the total Emplastrum, prepared from the oleoresin
amount of air that can be expelled by the and resin plaster. C, Ext., Fid. Dose vr^v-
most forcible expiration after the deepest in- f.^j (0-32-40). C, Linimentum, i in 10,
spiration.
for chest-affections, rheumatism, etc. C,
Capillarity {kap-il-ar' -it-e) \^capiUus, a hair]. Oleoresin, Ethereal. Dose tT\j-v (0.065-
Capillary attraction the force that causes
:
0.32). C, Tinct., contains 5 per cent, of
fluids to rise in fine tubes or bores. capsicum. Dose Tt\,x-f^^j (0.65-4.0).
Capillary {kap'-il-a-re) \_tapillits,
a hair]. I. Capsitis {kap-si' -lis). Same as Capsulitis.
a small
Hair-like :
relating to a hair, or to a hair-like Capsular {kap'-su-lar) \capsula,
CAPSULE CARBOI.IZE
box]. Pertaining to a capsule. C. Cataract, vems surrounding the umbilicus in .\
p.-.;.-.ri
an opacity of the capsule of the crystalline cirrhosis of the liver. It •
re|jre.sents
lens. C- Hemiplegia, a hemiplegia due to
a lesion in the internal capsule.
p.aths for the return of the venou> l>I i u. m
the abdominal viscera. C. obstipum. Syn
Capsule [kap'-sul] [dim. of capsa, a chest]. onyni of il^ry-uerk. C. quadratum, the rec-
A receptacle or bag. In pharmacy, â small, tangular head of rickets, flatienci \\\m\ the
spheroidal shell composed of glycerol and top and at the sides, with projecting occiput
gelatin, divided so that the parts tit together and prominent frontal bosses. C. succeda-
like a box and cover. It is used for neum, a tumor comix)sed of a serosaiiîneouii
the administration of nauseous medicines. C, of the connective tis>ue situated
infiltration
Atrabiliary. See C, Suprarenal. C, upon the presenting of the fetus.
\yAt\.
Bonnet's, the posterior portion of the sheath Caramel {kar'-am-el) [Fr., burnt sugar].
of the eyeball. C, Bowman's, the cov- Cane-sugar deprived of two molecules of
ering of the tuft of vessels of a renal water. It is a viscid, brown-colored
liquid.
It is the beginning of the urin-
glomerulus. Caraghen {ka'-ra-gluu). Irish moss.
iferous tubule. C, External, a layer of Caraway (kar'-ah-wa). See Varum.
white nerve-fibers forming part of the exter- Carbamic Acid {kar-bam' -ik ai'-id). .Sec
nal boundary of the lenticular nucleus. C. Acid.
of Glisson, the connective-tissue sheath of Carbamid [kar'-bam-iJ) \carbo, a coal ;
the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile-duct. amidi, CII^N,p. Urea.
C, Internal, a layer of nerve-fibers on Carbinol (car'-bin-ol) [carbo, a coal]. Me-
the outer side of the optic thalamus and cau- tiiyl alcohol, CH.,On. Also a generic term
date nucleus, which it separates from the len- for the alcohols formed by substituting hydro-
ticular nucleus, and containing the continu- carbon radicles for the in the
hydrogen methyl
ation upward of the crus cerebri. C. of the radicle of carbinol.
Lens, a transparent, structureless membrane Carbazotic Acid {kar-baz-of -iky See Acid,
enclosing the lens of the eye. C, Malpi- Picric.
ghian, the commencement of the uriniferous Carbo {kar'-bd) [L.]. A coal; charcoal.
tubules. See C, Boivman'' s. C, Muel- C. animalis, animal-charcoal bone-black ; ;
ler's. See C, B<nvman''s. C, Suprarenal, it is used in

pharmacy and in manufacturing
the ductless, glandular body at the apex of chemistry largely as a decolorizing agent and
each kidney. C. of Tenon, the tunica vag- as a filter. C. ligni, wood-charcoal an ;
inalis of the eye. absorbent, disinfectant, and deodorizer, used

Capsulitis [ktip-su-li'-tis] \_capsitla, a small in poulticing wounds and dressing ulcers. It
box; LTLQ, inflammation]. Inflammation of is used internally in gastrointestinal irritation.

the capsule of the lens, or of the fibrous cap- Carbohydrate (kar-bo-ki'-drat) [<<///'(',
coal ;
sule of the eyeball. iM)i.)p, water]. An organic substance contain-

Capsulolenticular {kap-sti-lo-len-tik' -u-lar^ ing six carbon atoms or some multiple of si.x,
\capsHla, a little box ; lenticula, a lentil]. and hydrogen and oxygen in the proportion
Relating to the lens and to its capsule. in which they form water; that is, twice as
Capsulotome (kap^-su-lo-toiii). See Cysto- many hvdrogen as oxygen atoms. The car-
tODW. bohydrates form a large class of organic
Capsulotomy (kap-su-Iot^-o-me) \capstila, a compounds, and may be arranged into three
capsule rifiveiv, to cut].
;
The operation of groups: the glucoses (motiosis) : the disac
rupturing the capsule of the crystalline lens charids, or sugars ; and the |)oIysaccharids.
in cataract-operations. The glucoses are the aldehyd derivatives or
Captation [kap-ta' -shun) \_captare, to desire].
ketone-derivatives of the hcxahydric alco-
The first or opening stage of the hypnotic hols, into which they may be converted by
trance. the absorption of two hydrogen atoms. They
Capuron, Cardinal Points of. See Pelvis. are mostly crj'stalline substance.^, very soluble
Caput {kap'-ut) [L.]. The head; also the in water, but dissolving with difliculty in
chief part or beginning of an organ. C. alcohol. They possess a sweet taste. The
coli, the head of the colon. C. cornu pos- disaccharids and polysaccharids are etherrnl
.Ml of th'-m ninv
terioris. Same as C. gelatinosum. C. gal- anhydrids of the glucoses.
linaginis. See Verumontanum. C. gelat-' be converted into the glucoses by In
inosum, the name given to the translucent decomposition. The disacch.irids ;vt
like anhydrids of the hexoses.

gray matter covering the dorsomesal periph-
ery of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. It Carbolic (//// VW-/-i-) [carbo, n coal ; oUnm,
is a
peculiar, striated substance composed of oil]. Containing or derived from coal tiir
numerous closely crowded cellular elements, oil. C. Acid. See Acid, Carbolic.
in part connective-tissue cells, in part nerve- Carbolize {k,t>-^-bol iz)[carbo, a coal ; oUnm,
cells. C. medusae, the peculiar plexus of oil].
To impregnate with carbolic
nciJ.
CARBON CARDIAC
Carbon [kar'-/>cii) [^carbo, charcoal]. Char- Carbuncle {kar'-bt(ii;:;-kl) [carbo, a live
coal. CÎ2; quantivalence ii, IV. A coal]. Ahard, circumscribed, deep seated,
nonmetallic element occurring in the various painful, suppurative inllammation of the sub-
forms of diamond, graphite or "black lead," cutaneous tissue. It differs from a boil in
charcoal, and lamp-black. It is the central or having greater size, a flat top, and several
characteristic element of organic compounds. points of suppuration. It is
erroneously
Carbo animalis purificat., purified animal called anthrax.
charcoal.Dose gr. xx-^^j (1.3-4.0). C, Carcinoma {kar -
sin -
o'-
fiiab) [Kai)iiirui/in ;
Cataplasma(B. P.), charcoal-poultice; wood- Art/wi/iof , a crab

6/m, tumor].
; A malignant
charcoal bread-crumb I, linseed-meal 3,
I, epithelial tumor composed of a connective-
boiling water 20 parts. C. dioxid, the acid, tissue stroma, surrounding groups or nests of
gaseous product, having the composition of epithelial cells. Three varieties are generally
" carbonic acid
COj, commonly known as described-^the squamous, the cylindric, and
gas," or carbonic acid. It is a colorless gas, the glandular. C, Colloid, affects chiefly
having a sp. gr. of 1. 52, soluble in cold water, the alimentary canal, uterus, etc.; tne deli-
and possessing a pungent smell and an acid cate connective-tissue stroma is filled with
taste. Inhaled, it destroys animal life by colloid matter, the result of a colloid degen-
asphyxiation. C. disulphid, bisulphid of eration of the epithelial cells. In some
carbon, CS2, a colorless, transparent liquid cases the degeneration is mucoid, instead of
of oftensive odor, highly inflammable, very colloid. C, Cylindric, one in wliich the
poisonous. It is used as a solvent for cells tend to assume a cylindric or cohnnnar
caoutchouc and as a reagent. C. monoxid, shape. This shape is best seen in the cells
CO, carbonic oxid, a colorless, tasteless, nearest the periphery of the nests. C, En-
and inodorous gas, one of the products cephaloid, is of rapid growth, with a small
of imperfect combustion. It is actively amount of stroma, large alveoli, and greater
poisonous. C. nitrid, CN, cyanogen. C. amount of cells and blood-vessels. C,
tetrachlorid, CCl^, anesthetic, used in asthma Glandular, a carcinoma in which the cells
by inhalation. Unof. C. oxysulphid, abody, are of the glandular or secreting type. C,
CO.S, formed by conducting suljihur-vapor Squamous, one derived from squamous
and carbon monoxid through red hot tubes; epithelium ; the cells are cuboidal in shape.
it is a colorless
gas, with a faint and peculiar Carcinomatous [kar-sin-o'-iiiaf-iis) [hnpKtvoi;,
odor. unites readily with air, forming an
It a crab]. Relating to or aftected with car-
explosive mixture, and is soluble in an equal cinoma.
volume of water. It is present in the waters Q,zxc\nos\s[kar-sin-o'-sis) [napnivoq, a crab].
of some mineral springs. I. A carcinomatous cachexia; a tendency to
Carbonate \_ca
rb 0, vi
coaX]. A salt of car- the development of malignant disease. 2. A
bon dioxid. form of carcinoma, usually fatal, beginning
Carbonemia {kar-bon-e'-nie-aK) [carbivi, generally in the uterus or the stomach and
charcoal «///«, the blood].
; An accumula- spreading to the jieritoneum. C, Acute,
tion of carbon dioxid in the blood. rapidly fatal carcinosis. C. Miliary, one in ,
Carbonic Acid {kar-bon' -ik as'-iJ). See which there are many secondary nodules the
Carbon liioxid. size of miliary tubercles.
Carbonization (^kar-bon-iz-a' -shmi) \j:arbo, Cardamomum {kar-da>n-o'-iiiitiii)[\j.~\. Car-
coal]. The
process of decomposing organic damom. The fruit of C. ekltaria, cultivated
substances by heat without air, until the vola- in Malabar. Its properties are due to a vola-
tile products are driven oft" and the carbon tile oil, C,|,H,g. It is an aromatic, carmina-
remains. tive stomachic, used as an ingredient of sev-
Carbonyl [kar'-bnii-il) [carbo, charcoal]. A eral " bitters." It is useful when comljined
hypothetic organic radicle having the formula with purgatives to prevent griping. C In ,
C(j. fusum. Unof. Dose fîj (64.0). C,

Carboxyhemoglobin {Jcar-boks-y-hctn-o-glo'- Tinct., 15 per cent, strength. Dose f,^j-ij
bin) \_carbo, coal; oftf, sharp; atiia, blood]. (4.0-8.0). C, Tinct., Comp. cardamom ,
The compound of carbon monoxid and 20, cinnamon 20, caraway 10, cochineal 5,
hemoglobin, formed when CO is present in glycerol 60, dilute alcohol, q. s. ad looo
the blood. The carbon monoxid displaces parts. Dose f.^j-ij (4.0-8.0).
the oxygen and checks the respiratory func- Cardia (/rf;-^-rt'c'-(?//) [h«/jA'tt,
the heart]. The
tion of the red corpuscles. heart. C. of the Stomach, the esophageal
Carboxyl {kar-boks' -il) [carbo, charcoal; orifice of the stomach.
offf, sharp]. The group, CO. OH, charac- Cardiac i^kar'-de-ak) [Knp^'ia, the heart]. Per-
teristicof the organic acids. The hydrogen taining to the heart or to the cardia of the
of this can be replaced by metals, forming stomach. C. Cycle, the period included
salts. between the beginning of one heart beat and
CARDIALGIA CARNAL
the beginning of another. C. Dropsy, a heart; tA//j7/, a stroke]. Paralysis of the
dropsical ttlusion due to heart-disease with heart.
loss of compensation. C. Ganglia, gangha
Cardiopneumatic (X<//- ,/c- ii /;« w.//' // .
lying in the grooves and substance of the heart

j
il'c, heart; irvih/tu, the breatlij.

. —
the principal ones are Remak's and liid-
irig to the heart and rcsjiiratioii.
IVi'i.,,;,
C. Move-
der's, llie fust on the surface of the sinus ments, those inovenieiils of ihc air in ilic
venosus, and the latter (two) at the auriculo- lungs tliat are caused Ijy the puUalions of the
ventricular groove. C. Impulse, the eleva- heart and larger vessels.
tion caused by the movement of the heart,
Cardiopneumograph (iar -Je-o- nu'- mo-
usually seen in the fifth left intercostal space. graf) [\(i/j()(i/, heart; n-i-ffy/w, hr.-
C. Murmurs. See Murmurs.
C. Orifice, VifU', to write]. An in.struinent d< r
of the stomach, the e.so[)hageal orilice. C. graphically recording cardiopneuiuatic move-

Passion, pain in the heart or the stomach. ments.
C. Plexus. See Plexus. C. Rhythm, the Cardiopuncture {karde-o-punk' char) \khi>-
term given to the normal regularity in the (5'«, heart; /««(/«/-«, a puncture]. Cardio-
force and volume of the individual heart- centesis, es|)ecially on lower animals.
beats. Cardiovascular {karde-o v,is' kit
lar) \
Cardialgia (Jiar-dn-al'-je-ali) [Krt/)(5/a, heart ; (5/(/, heart ; vuseulum, a small vessel]. I'vr
u/ljof, pain]. Fain in the region of the heart, tainingto the heart and the blood-vessels.
usually due to gaseous distention of the Carditis {kur-di'-tii) [kujuVhi, the heart ; mr,
stomach ;
heart-burn.
inflammation]. Inllamniation of the heart.
Cardinal [i-i7;-(/(7, ahinge].
(/'rtr^-(//«-rf/) Im- C, Internal. Synonym of Endoiurditis.
portant ; preeminent. C. Flower, a common Cardol [kar'-dol). Set; .l/nicdrdiu/n.
name for several species of Lobelia, cliietly Carduus {kur'-duus) [L., a thistle]. The
L. cardinalis. C. Points of Capuron. See seeds of C. iiinrianui, .St. Mary's thisllt. and
Pelvis. C. Veins, the venous trunks which, C. benediclus, blessed thistle. A decoction
in the embryonic stage, form the primitive of the former, _^ ij ad Oj, constitutes an old
jugular veins. and popular remedy for hemoptysis. 'I"he
Cardiocele (liar^-de-o-sel) \jiai)fiia, heart; latter also a po|)ular cure-all, used mainly
is
Ktfhi, tumor]. Hernial protrusion of the as a tonic bitter. 1 )ose of decoction f 3 j-f ,^ ^
heart. (4.0-16-0) ofa tincture, TT\^.\-xx (0.65-1.3).
;
Cardiocentesis ijcar-dc-o-sen-te' -sis^ \jiainyta, Carica Papaya [kar' -ik-uh pup-u'-ya/i). See
heart; /ai'r;;(T/(;, puncture]. Puncture of one Papain.
of the chambers of the heart to relieve en- Caricin [kar'-is-in). See Papain.
gorgement. Caries [ka'-re-ez) [caries, rottenness]. A
Cardiodynia [kur-de-o-din' -e-ali) [/vu/)(5/a,
molecular ileath of bone, corres|>ondiiig to
heart; o(5ri7/, pain]. Pain in or about the ulceration in the soft tissues. C, Necrotic,
heart. when portions of the bone lie in a suppur-
Cardiogram [kar^-de-o-gram) [/iapfJm, heart ; ating cavity. C. sicca, a form of tuberculous
îMiifiii, a writing]. The tracing made of caries characterized by absence of sup|>uratiun,
the cardiac impulse by the cardiogi-ai)h. obliteration of the cavity of the joint, and
Cardiograph (kar'-de-o-gmf) [hvr/jrf/n, heart ;

sclerosis and concentric atrophy of the ar-
)f>a(l>Eii',
An instrument for regis-
to write]. ticular extremity of the bone. C. of Spine,
tering graphically the modifications of the or Pott's Disease, tuberculous osleiiiN of
pulsations of the heart. the bodies of the vertebnv and intervertebral
fibrocartilage, producing curvature of the
Cardioinhibitory {kar- de o in Mb'- it- o re)
- - -
the heart; inhibere, to restrain]. spine. C. of Teeth, a chemic decomix'si-

[K«/)(5;'a,
tion of the earthy part or any |)ortion of n
Inhibiting or diminishing the heart's action.
The C. fibers pass to the heart through the tooth, accompanied by a ])artial or complete
of the animal framework of
pneumogastric nerves. disorganization
Cardiomalacia the affected part.
[kar-de-o-uial-a'-se-a/t) [««/)-
Carious Per
(1/(1, heart;
//(//I aAv'a, softness]. Softening of [ka'-re-us) [carifs, rottenness].
the substance of the heart. taining to or afiected with caries.
Cardiopathy {kar de
- -
op'- a-the) [K«p(5/a, Carmalum, Mayer's. \ stain consistinR of
heart; Trdôf, disease]. Any disease of the carminic acid I, alum lo, water 200 parts. I(
heart. is welladapted for sections cut on the frccx
Cardiopericarditis [kar-de-o-per-e-knr-di'- ing microtome.

Carmin A colorinR-
tis) \_KainVia,
heart ntpi, around icnixSin, the
; ; (/•.//'-W///K C,,llmn,„.
heart; (Tir, inflammation]. Associated car- matter extracted from cochineal.
Carnal [kar'-nal) V,////,/.'/'. Per
ditis and pericarditis inflammation of the
;
[ fleshly].
heart tissues and of the pericardium. taining to flesh. C. Knowledge, sc»u*l iu-
tcrcoursc.
Cardioplegia {kar-de-o-ple'-je-ah) [/ca/jJta,
13
CARNAUBA CARYOCINESIS
Carnauba [kar-na-oo'-bah) [liraz.]. The lacunae of the matrix. When boiled, cartil-
root of Corvpha cerifera, a wax-producing age yields a substance called chondrin.
palm-tree of tropic America. It is used in C, Articular, that lining the articular sur-
Brazil as an alterative and resembles sarsa- faces of bones. C, Costal, that occupying
parilla in its properties. Dose of the fid. the interval between the true ribs and the
ext. ITL XX x-f 3 j (2.0-4.0). Unof. sternum or adjacent cartilages. C, Ensi-
Carnification Qcar - iiif- ik - a' - shiiii) \^caro, form, the third piece of the sternum. It
flesh y?£V7, to become].
;
A term indicating is also called the xiphoid ajjpendix. C,
the alteration of tissue, especially the lung, to Epactal, small cartilaginous nodules on the
a dense fleshy appearance. upper edge of the alar cartilages of the nose.
Carnin (^kar'-fihi) \_caro, flesh], C^Hi^NÔj. C, Hyaline, distinguished liy a granular
is
A leukomain isolated from American meat- or homogeneous matrix. C, Fibro-, distin-

extract, but ncit from muscle-tissue itself ; guished by a Hbrous matrix. C. of Meckel,
also obtained from yeast and wine. a jirocess from the first branchial arch, from
Carnivorous [kar-niv'-o-riis) \_iarc>,
flesh ;
which the internal lateral ligament of the
voj-are, to devour]. Plesh-eating. lower jaw is formed. C, Reticular, a
Caroba (kar-o' -bah')
[L.]- The leaflets of peculiar cartilage found in the auricle of the
Jaiaranda proccra and of Cyhistax aiifi- ear, the epiglottis, and Eustachian tubes. Its
svphilitica. It is a popular Brazilian remedy peculiarity consists in a network of yellow

as an emetocathartic, alterative, and tonic in elastic fibers pervading the matrix in all
syphilis and in yaws. Dose of the fld. ext. directions. C. of Santorini, a nodule at
TTLxv-f^j (1.0-4.0). Unof. the apex of each arytenoid cartilage, the
Carotid (Jcar-ot' -id) \_Ka pu-lq ; Knpufir, to coniiculum laryngis. C. of Wêitbrecht,
produce sleep]. I. The carotid arteiy, the the interarticular fibrocartilage that exists in
principal large artery on each side of the the acromioclavicular articulation. C. of
neck. See Arleries, Table of. 2. Of or re- Wrisberg, the cuneiform cartilages, one on
lating to the carotid artery. each side of the fold of membrane stretching
Carpal [karp^-al) [/ca/jTrdf,
the wrist]. Per- from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis.
taining to the wrist. C, Yellow. See C, Rcruiilar.
Carphologia {kar-fo-lo' -je-ah). See Carphol- Cartilaginous [kar-til-aj' -in-us) {^carlilago,
ogy- cartilage] . Made up of or resembling cartil-
Carphology (kar-fol' -o-je) \Kap<ôr^, chaff ; age.

Ih/ecv, to collect]. The aimless picking at Carum {ka'-rum)
\K.apov, caraway]. Cara-
the bedclothes, seen in grave fevers, partic- way. The seeds
of C. Carui, indigenous to
ularly in the so-called ty]ihoid state. Europe and an allied species native to the
Carpometacarpal [kar-po mct-a-kar'-pal) Pacific coast of America. Its odor and
[/ia/L»7rof, carpus; //Etn, between, among; taste are due to a volatile oil. It is used
Kapnof, carpus]. Relating to the carpus and chiefly as a flavor. C, Aqua (B. P.).
to the metacarpus. Dose f,5J-ij (32.0-64.0). C, Infusum,
Carpopedal [karpo-p^-da/) [fta/j-of, car- unof., f5J-ij. ad Oj. Dose f_^ss-ij (16.0-
pus; /d'j-,/t7//.f,
a foot]. Affecting the wrists 64.0). 'C, Oleum. Dose rt\j-v (0.065-
or the hands and feet. C. Spasm, a spasm 0.32).
of the hands and feet, or of the thumbs and Caruncle {kar'-uitg-kl) \canmcula, dim. of
great toes, associated with the laryngismus caro, flesh]. A
small, fleshy growth. C,
stridulus of children. C. Contraction. See Lacrymal, one upon the conjunctiva near
Confractiofi. the inner canthus. C, Urethral, a small,
Carpozyma [kar-po-zi' -inah) [/iap-df, fruit ; bright-red growth situated on the posterior
Ci'////, ferment].
A genus of microorganisms lip of the meatus urinarius a frequent con-
;
producing fermentation. dition in women. The caruncle varies in

Carpus (^karp'-its) [Kapiroq, the wrist]. The size from a hempseed to a filbert it is very
;
eight bones collectively forming the wrist. painful, especially during micturition and
Carrageen, or Carragheen [kar'-ag-eti) coitus, and bleeds readily.
\^Carra;^ht'en in Ireland]. Irish moss. See Carunculae [kar-ung'-kn-le) [ca?uucii!a, a
Choiidnis. caruncle]. The nymphee. C. myrtiformes,
Carron Oil {kar' -on oil). See Liniim. the projections of membrane near the orifice
Carswell's Grapes. Pulmonary tubercles of the vagina, thought to be the remains of
when they occur in a racemose distril)ution at the hymen after iis rupture.
the extremities of several adjacent bronchioles. Carvacrol i^karv' -ak-rol) [Ital., cai~in, cara-
Cartilage {^kar'-til-aj) \_cartilago, gristle]. way; CLKpoq, sharp], C,(,H,.,.OH. A liquid
Gristle a white, semi-opaque, nonvascular
; body occurring in the oil of certain varieties
connective tissue composed of a matrix con- of satureia.
taining nucleated cells which lie in cavities or Caryocinesis (kar-e-o-sin-e' -sis) \Kapvov, a
CARYOLYSIS CASTA NEA
nut (nucleus) See Cascarillin (knskaril'-in)
; idvr/aii; movement]. [iascari//a, dioi.
A'lin'i'/^nit'sis. of <(«<</, bark], 1 lie
Cgll/),,. a ,,
Caryolysis {kar-e-ol'-is-is) {jiapvov, nucleus ;

ciple of casearilla- bark; a white,
XvEiv, to loose]. The process of the dissolu- bitter substance, w
scarcely .m)1u1jU* in
tion of cell nuclei. Caseation {kazea's/tuii) [r.n,//w, tii
Caryomitosis. See Karyomilosis. The precipitation of casein durinj; the coai;u
Caryophyllin [kar-c-o-fil' -in) [/cdpnor, a nut ; lation of milk. Also a form of <1. ,|,
•
a leaf ], C,oli,/) or
(jifMAoi^, Cjollj.p.^. 'Ihe in which the structure is converted ;t,
neutral crystalline principle of cloves. cheese-like substance.
Caryophyllus i^kar-e-o-fil'-us) \Ka{tvi)v^ a nut ; Casein (ka'-zcin) laisritw, cheese]. A de-
<^'i'Xa.ov, a leaf]. Clove. The unexpanded rived albumin, the chief pr-.tcid of
milk,
flowers of Euiênia caryophyllata, distin-
precipitated by acids and liy rennet, li ik
guished by their pungent, spicy taste. Its closely allied to alkali albumin, but contaiiu
properties are due to a volatile oil, which is more nitrogen and a large amount of pliui
antiseptic, stimulant, and irritant. It also
phorus. It constitutes nu)st of the curd of
contains a crystalline body, eugenin, C|dII,.^- milk. C. Saceharid, a coniiunind of dry
and a camphor, caryophyllin, C,(,II,g(3. casein one pan, cane sugar nine
0.3, parts, and
It is useful as a stomachic, and to prevent sodium bicarbonate enough to render it
"griping" when combined with purgatives. slightly alkaline. It is u.seful in
preparing
C, Infusum (B. P.). Astrengthof i to 40 is emulsions of oils, balsams, teqienes, resins,
recommended. Dose f^^j-ij (32.0-64.0). C, or gum resins. C, Vegetable, two varieties
Oleum, contains an acid and a phenol com- have been describeil, — Legumin, in |>cas,
pound. Dose Tr\^j-iv (0.065-0.26). It is beans, etc., and Conglutin, in hops and
used also by microscopists to clarify pre- almonds.
parations and tissues for mounting. Caseous (ka^-ze-tts) [<r(/j't'/////, cheese]. Hav-
Caryoplasm (^kar' -e-o-plazm) \iiaf)VQv, a nu- ing the nature or consistency of chee.sc.
cleus ; T:\aaua, that which is
formed]. Cassava (kas-a^-va/t) [Sp. , ciisit/'c']. The
The plasm of a cell-nucleus nuclear plasm.
;
fecula of manioc, Janiplui sepa- iiiani/tot,
Casca Bark (^kas'-kiih bark). Sassy bark ;
rated from the juice. Unof. .See Tapioca.
Ordeal bark. The bark of Eiythrophlceiim Q,a.ssc-Xia.n[kas-e'-re-an). See Gasserian.
guinense, a tree native to Africa. Its prop- Cassia {cash' -c-ah) \Kaaia, a perfume], i.
erties are due to an alkaloid. It is valuable A genus of leguminous plants, several species
in intermittent fevers, and as a heart-tonic ;
of which alTord senna. 2. An old name,
in over-doses it produces nausea and vomit- still used commercially, for the coarser
ing. Erythrophlein, the active alkaloid, varieties of cinnamon. See Ciiin,tm>>ii.
unof.is a local anesthetic.
, C, Ext., Aq. C. Bark, C;issia lignea. .See Ciiinam^'H.
Dose gr. j (0.065). C, Ext., Fid. Dose C. Buds, the immature fruit of Chinese
TTLv-xv (0.32-1.0). C, Tinct., 25 per cent, cinnamon ;
used chielly as a spice. C.
in strength. Dose Tt\^ x (0.65). Unof. marilandica, of N. America, produces the
Cascara [kas-kar^-ak) [.Sp., "bark"]. The leaves called .American senna, which arc less
bark. C. amarga, Ilonduras bark. The active as a cathartic than the tnie senna. C.
bark of a tree native to Mexico, much used Oil, a variety of oil of cinnnamon, useil in
as an alterative tonic in syphilis and skin jiharmacy and in perfumery. The pulp, C,
affections. C. Cordial, a trade preparation. Pulpa (B. P.), is a mild laxative. Dose ^j-
Dose rr\^xv-f3ij (1.0-8.0). C, Ext., Fid. C, Purging, is (he fruit of a
ij (4.0-8.0).
Dose fgss-j; (2.0-4.0); of the powdered tree, C. fistula, growing in tropic regions.
extract gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). Unof. C. sag- Cast (/w/) [MK., (-</.vA;/, to throw], i. \
rada, Chittem bark, Sacred bark. The mass of fibrous or plastic material that h.is
bark of Rhainnus purshiana, or California taken the form of some cavity in which it has
Buckthorn. Its properties are due to a vola- been moulded. From their source, ctsts may
tile oil. It is useful in the treatment of be classified as bronchial, intotinal, na!>al,
Case, sagrad., Ext. urethral, vaginal,

chronic constipation. esophageal, renal, tracheal,
Of these, the ren.al ca-ts antin- nu>st
(B. P.). Dose gr. ij-viij (0.13-0.52).
Case, etc.
of theii in
sagrad., Ext., Liquidum (B. P.). Dose important, by reastMi
diseases of the kidney. Cl.i '>K
rt\_v-f3j (0.32-4.0).
Casearilla {kas-kar-il'-ah) [Sp. dim. oi casca,,
to their constitution, casts are epitluli.il. I.my,
The bark oi Croton elulcna,w\\J\sii fibrinous, granular, hyaline, mucous, san-

bark].
to the Bahama Islands, an aromatic bitter, in- guineous, waxy, etc. Sec Tubfcttsls. a.
Strabisnuis.
creasing the natural secretions of the diges- t^heslnut.
tive organs. C, Infus. (B. P.). Dosef.^j- Castanea {kasta'-ueah) [I..].
C, Tinctura P.).
The leaves of C. vcsca. They c«mlain tannic
ij (32.0-64.0). (B.
Dose f^ss-ij (2,0-8.0). and gallic acids and other piimiplcs the
CASTOR CATARACT
value of which not known. They are used
is sexual life from the genital canal of the
in decoction as a remedy for
infusion or female.
whooping-cough. C, Ext., Fid. Dose ^\ Catamenial (kat-am-e' -ne-al) [wini, con-
v-l.\ (0.32-2.6). cerning; ////J', a month]. Pertaining to the
Castor {kas'-tor). See Castoreuin. C. Bean catamenia.
and C. Oil. See Kicimis. Cataphoresis (kat-af-or-e'-sis) [wiro, down ;
Castoreum {kas
-
to' -
re -
nut) \Kar,Tuf>, the ipophiv, to carry]. The introduction of drugs
beaver]. The drietl preputial follicles and into the system through the skin, by means
their secretion, obtained from the beaver. of ointments or solutions applied by the
Castor fiber. It is a reddish-brown sub- electrode of a battery.
stance with a strong odor. It is antispas- Cataphoric [^kat-af-or' -ik) [/cara, down ;
modic and stimulant, its action resembling that (po/jitiv, to

carry]. Passing or causing to
of musk. C.Tinct. Dose f 3 ss-j (2.0-4.0). pass from the anode to the kathode, through
Castration (^kas-tra'-shun) \castrare, to cut]. a diaphragm or septum.
Orchectomy the excision of one or both
; Cataplasm (kat'-ap-laz»t) \Kardn'Aa(jjia, a
testicles. C, Female, removal of the ova- poultice]. Ste Poultice.
ries oophorectomy spaying.
; ; Cataplasma (kat-ap-laz'-mah). A poultice.
Catabolergy, or Katabolergy [kat-ab'-ol-er- C. fermenti (B. P.), mixture of beer
a
Jc) \_KaTu, down ; jSuA'Ata', to throw ; Ipyov, yeast, wlieaten flour, water at 100° F. It is
work]. Energy expended in katabolic pro- a stimulant and antiseptic for indolent ulcers.
cesses. Cataract [kat'-ar-akt) [^KUTappaKTi/^ , a '.vater-
Catabolic {kat-ab-oF-ik) [/crtra,
down ; /?dA- fall]. Partial or complete opacity of the
to throw].
'y.tiv, Of the nature of, or per- crystalline lens or its capsule. C., Capsular,
taining to, catabolism. cataract due to opacity of the capsule. C,
Catabolism {kat-ab'-o-liziii) [»iTa, down ; Cortical, one due to loss of transparency of
jia'A'Aeiv, to throw]. Destructive metamor- the outer layers of the lens. C, Diabetic,
phosis ; disassimilation ; physiologic disinte- is associated with diabetes. C, Discission
gration. of,an operation preliminary to absorption, or
Catacrotic {kat-ah-krot'-ik) \KaTa, down ;
extraction by suction, consisting in rupturing
K-poToq, a striking]. Interrupting the line the capsule, so that the atfueous humor gains
of descent in a sphygmogram. access to the lens. C, Extraction of,
Catalepsy [kat'-al-ep-se) [«:arrt, down ; Aafi- removal of the cataractous lens by surgical
jSdvEiv, to seize]. A
condition of morbid operation. C, Fluid, the breaking up of
sleep, associated with a loss of voluntary an opaque lens into a milky fluid. C,
motion and a peculiar plastic rigidity of the Green, a name given to a grayish green
muscles, by reason of which they take any reflex seen in glaucoma it is also seen when
;
position in which they are placed and pre- the pupil is dilated and the media are not
serve it for an indeliiiite time. The condi- completely transjiarent. C, Hard. See C,
tion is associated with hysteria, with forms Senile. C., Immature, only a part of the
of insanity, and is a stage of the hypnotic lens-substance is cataractous. C, Incipient,
sleep. C, Local, that affecting a single one still in its early stages. C, Lacteal,
organ or group of nmscles. See C, Fluid. C, Lamellar, one due to
Cataleptic iykat-al-ep'-tik) \KaTa, down ; Aaji- opacity of certain layers between the cortex
tSdvsiv, to seize]. Relating to, afiected with, and nucleus, the remaining layers being
or of the nature of, catalepsy. transparent. C, Lenticular, one occurring
Cataleptiform {kat-al-ep'-tif-orm) \_KaTd, in the lens proper. C, Mature, one in
down; "kanjidvtiv, to seize; forma, form]. which the whole lens substance is cataractous.
Resembling catalepsy. C, Morgagnian, when an over-rijie C.
Catalysis (kaf-al'-is-is) \_KaTaA.mLv, to dis- shrinks and leaves a nucleus floating in the
solve]. In chemistry, a reaction that ap- dissolved outer layers. C, Polar (anterior
pears to take place owing to the mere pres- or posterior) the opacity is confined to one
,
ence of another body that apparently under- pole of the lens. C., Pyramidal, the
goes no change. opacity is at the anterior pole and is conoid,
Catalytic [kat-ab-it'-ik) \_Kara'Avciv, to dis- the apex extending forward. C, Recur-
I. Of the nature of, or character- rent Capsular, or Secondary, capsular
solve].
ized by, catalysis. 2. Any medicine that is cataract, appearing after the extraction of the
supposed to break down, destroy, or counter- lens. C, Ripe. See C. Mature. C, ,
act morbid agencies e.xisting within the Senile, the cataract of old persons, the most
economy. frequent form, and that understood when not
Catamenia [kat-ain-e' -}ie-ah) [ôrii, concern- specified as congenital /nvenile, traumatic,
,
ing, according to ; ////v, month]. The recur- soft, etc. C, Soft, is especially that of the
rent monthly discharge of blood during young ;
the lens matter is of soft consistency
CATARACTOUS CATOPTRIC TEST
and milky aiipcaiancc. C, Unripe. See treated to make
Innnature.
ligatures. C, Carbolized,
C, C, Zonular. See C, catgut rendered a.septic by soakin;; in a v.lu-
Lamt-lL:r. tion of phenol. C, Chromicized. ircaicd
Cataractous {kat-ar-ak'-tus) [^KarappaKrij^, a with chromic acid. C. Plate, ai .
c
waterfall]. Of the nature of or affected with for uniting the intestinal
cdgc.>, al
cataract.
Catarrh {^kat-ahr') [Karappeeiv, to flow
anastomosis.
sheet
It is made of a m
down]. is thin,
;
large, and llat. an.: . . .ct
Intlamination of a mucous membrane. the .Senn decalcified
bone-plates.
The term is also applied to certain inflam- Catharsis [kathar^sis) [^âlUufHiv, to purge].
mations of the tubules of the kidney and the
Purgation.
air-vesicles of the lung. C, Epidemic. Cathartic {kathar'-tik) [a-' ;f.
See Influenza. C, Gastric, gastritis. C, I. 2. A
ing]. Purg.ative. .
'|
Intestinal, enteritis. C, Nasal, coryza. to produce evacuations of the i
\
C, Pulmonary, bronchitis. C, Suffocative. purgative. C. Acid. See .'> 1 C.
Synonym of Bronchitis, Capillary. C, Pill, Compound. See Colocynth.
Uterine, endometritis. C, Venereal. Catheter ykath' -et-er) [^KafteTi/p, a tiling put
.Synonym of Gonorrhea. C, Vesical, cys- down]. A hollow tube for intnxluetion
titis. into a cavity through a narrow canal. C.,
Catarrhal {kat-ahr'-al) \_mTappEeiv, to flow Bozeman's, a double curreiU uterine cathe-
down]. Of the nature of, affected with, or ter. C, Eustachian, an iii.strumcnt for
relating to catarrh. C. Fever. Synonym of examining the E. tube, distending, or mak-
Influenza. C. Inflammation, an in- ing applications to it. C. Fever, sysiemic
flammation of an archiblastic surface char- disturbance with fever, following the intro-
acterized by proliferation and des'piamation duction of the catheter into the urethra.
of the epithelium. C, Gouley's, a solid, curved-steel instru-
Catastate or Katastate {kat' -as-tat) [/caraa- ment grooved on its inferior a.spcct. for
Taroc, settling down]. Any one of a series passing over a guide, through a stricture
of successive catabolic substances or condi- into the bladder. C, Lung, a soft rubl>er
tions, each one of which is less complex, tube that passed down the trachea.
may be
more stable, and exhibits less functional C, Schrotter's, instruments of hard rul'licr
activity than its predecessor. and of varying caliber, somewhat triangular
Catatonia, or Katatonia [kat-at-o'-ne-ah') on section, used for the dilatation of laryn-
[/cfirrt, down; Tovnc, tension]. A
form of geal strictures. C, Self-retaining, one
insanity characterized by a pathetic emotional that will hold itself within the bladder with-
state and verbigeration, combined with a out other appliances to assist it.
condition of motor tension. Catheterism, or Catheterization {knlh'ft-

Catechin l^kat' -e-chin') \_catcchii\, C^,!!.,,,- er-iztn, or kathet-er-iz-a' -shun) \Ki\thriip, a
Oy -(- Catechinic acid, the active
SHÔ- thing put down]. The introduction of a
principle of catechu. It crystallizes in catheter.
shining needles of a snow-white, silky ap- Cathodal [kath'-o-dal) [Korrj,down; u<'<ic,
pearance. way]. Relating to the cathode.

Catechu [kat'-e-choo) [E. Ind.]. An extract Cathode {kath'-oi/) [Kfir.i,ilown (.«W, wayj. ;
prepared from the wood oi Acacia catechu, a The negative electrode or pole of an electric
native of the East Indies. It contains 50 per circuit.
cent, of tannic acid, and hence is a powerful Cathodic {kafh-Pii'ik) [Knrii, down; <'"'•'".
astringent. It is used for the diarrhea of way]. Relating to the cathode.

children and as a gargle and mouth-wash. Cation l^kat'-eon) [hutii, <\uwnwAu\\ i/nn.
Dose of tlie powdered extract gr. x-_^ss to go]. An electropositive element ; one
(0.65-2.0). C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose that accumulates at the catiiode in electroly-
f_^j-iss (32.0-48.0). C, Pulv.,Comp. (15. sis. !êe /('//.
P.). Contains catechu, kino, and rhatany. Catling, or Catlin {kiU'liiit:, or tat^lin)
Dosegr. xx-xl (1.3-2.6). C, Tinct., Com- [dim. of ca/'\.
A long, pointed, two ctlgcd
posita, contains catechu 12, cinnamon S, knife used in amputation.
dilute alcohol q. s. ad 100. Dose IT^x-f _5 j Catnep, or Catnip {kat'iir/; or nif') [ov-
C, Trochisci, each contains rupliiin of catmint].
The leaves and (o|«
(0.65-4.0).
one grain of catechu with sugar, tragacanth, of the herb A'e/><-t,i ,ti/iiri,i. a slinuil.mt .niul
and orange-flower water. tonic ;
a popular remedy for chlorosis, hys-
Catelectrotonus [kaf-el-ek-t>-ot^-fl-iiux) [nnrn, teria, etc. Do.se of fld. cxt. f.^j-ij (40-8.0).
down; i/ArKrpnv, ambiT riwor, tension].

;
Unof.
of calamct
The state of increased irritability of a nerve Catoptric Test. The diagnosis
of images from
near the cathode. See Anelectrotoniis. by means <>f (he rellerlion
The intestines of a sheep lie ((irni-a and lens capsules.
Catgut [kal^-gnf).
I
CATOPTRICS CELIAN
Catoptrics [kaf-op'-friks) [Karo-rpov, a mir- iron heated in hot water. C, Galvanic, a
ror]. The laws of the retlection of light. platinum-wire heated by C,
electricity.
Cauda {kcno'-cAi/i) [L.]. Tail. C. cerebelli, Paquelin's, or C, Thermo-, a hollow plat-
the vermiform process. C. epididymidis, inum-point kept at a uniform temperature by
the inferior part of the epididymis. C. a current of benzene vapor. C, Potential,
equina, a term applied collectively to the or C, Virtual, the application of caustic sub-
roots of the sacral and coccygeal nerves, from stances.
their resemblance to a horse's tail. Cava [ka^-va/i) [L.]. A vena cava.
Caudad [kaio'-i/iid) [^cninia, the tail ; ad, to]. Caval {ka'-7'al) \_icna, a hollow]. Relating
Toward the tail or cauda ; opposed to cepha- to a vena cava.
lad ;
in man, downward. Cavalry Bone [kav'-al-re hon). A bony de-
Caudal [kinv'-diil) \_cattda, the tail]. Per- posit in the adductor muscles of the thigh.
taining to a Cauda, or tail. Cavernoma iykav-ern-o' -?nah')\_cavci iia a cav- ,
Caudate [kazv^-dat] [iaiida,o.\.a\\~\. Having ern ; ijjia, a tumor]. A cavernous tumor; a

or resembling a tail. C. Lobe of Liver, a cavernous angioma.
small lobe of the liver. C. Nucleus, the in- Cavernous (^kav'-er-mts) \_ca7'criia, a cave].
traventricular portion of the corpus striatum. Having hollow spaces. C. Bodies, the cor-
Caul {ktnvl) [ME.,rrt/A', a hood]. I. A pora cavernosa of the penis. C. Breathing,
portion or all of the fetal membranes covering the breath-sounds heard over a jniluKmary
the head and carried out in advance of it in cavity. C. Groove, the carotid groove. C.
labor. 2. The great omentum. Plexus. See Plexus. C. Sinus, a venous
Cauliflower Excrescence. A tumor with an sinus situated at the side of the body of the
irregular surface resembling the cauliflower. sphenoid. C. Tissue, erectile tissue. C.
Caulophyllum -JiF nin) [Kav/OQ,
[kcT7v
-
lo -
Tumor, a cavernous angioma.
stalk: ^('i/Aoi', leaf], lllue cohosh, " Squaw- Cavitary i^kav'-it-a-rc) \_cai'it(iriiis, hollow].
"
root the rhizome and rootlets of C. thal-
; Hollow having or forming cavities.
;
ictj-oides, growing in Canada and the northern Cayenne Pepper [ki'-eit pep^-er). See Cap-
U. S. It contains a glucosid, saponin, and siiiim.
two resins, one of wliich is caulophyllin. It Cazenave's Lupus. See Diseases, Table of.
produces intermittent contractions of the Cc, an abbreviation for cubic centimeter.
gravid uterus, and possesses diuretic, emmen- Cd., symbol for Cadmium.
agogue, and antispasmodic powers. There Ce., symbol for Cerium.
are no official preparations. Dose of the Cebocephalus [se-l>o-sef^-al-iis) [fc7/,3of, a
powdered drug gr. v-xx (0.32— 1. 3) of ; monkey; ^f(/la/'.7/, head]. A variety of single
Caulophyllin, gr. ij-v (0.I3-0.32). autositic monsters of the species cycloceph-
Causalgia [kLno-zal'-je-ah')\Kavi:)6q,?C^virn\v\^-^ alus, in whicli there is entire absence of the
aAynr, pain]. The burning pain that is some- nose, with, however, two orbital cavities and
times present in injuries of the nerves. two eyes, the interocular region being narrow
Caustic toburn]. I. Very
(ka-cus'-tik) [/ca/eij', and perfectly flat.
irritant ; burning capable of destroying tis-
; Cedar [se^-dar) \_ii'd>-us, cedar]. One of the
sue. 2. A substance that destroys tissue. genus of coniferous trees, Cedriis. C, Oil of,
C. Alkali, a pure alkaline hydrate or oxid. a transparent oil obtained from Jicuiptius 'c<ir-
C, Lunar, argentic nitrate. C, Mitigated, giniana, and used as a clearing agent in his-
argentic nitrate made less active by fusion tology and for oil-immersion lenses.
with potassium nitrate or argentic chlnrid. -cele (scl^ \ji7j}Tj, a tumor]. suffix denoting A
C. Potash, potassium hydrate. C. Soda, a tiiJ)ior.
sodium hydrate. Celia [se'-lc-ali) [aom/o;, the belly]. I. The
Cauterant [k(nu'-fer-aiit) \KavTijp, a burner]. belly the stomach.
: 2. ventricle of the A
I. Caustic; escharotic. 2. A caustic sub- brain.
stance. Celiac [se'-le-ak) \_ca:liacus ; Kni7ia, belly].
Cauterism (kma^-ter-ism). See Cauterization. Abdominal pertaining to the belly.
;
C.
Cauterization [kaii<-tt'r iz-a' -shioi) \jiav7i)- Artery. Same
as C. Axis. See Aiterics,
pi<ueii\ to cauterize]. The application of a Table of. C. Axis, a branch of the abdom-
cautery the effect of such an application.
; inal aorta; it divides into the gastric, hepatic,
Cauterize [^Kavr/^pidêiv, to cau-
(/v^w-/r;--^^) and splenic arteries. See Arteries, Table of.
terize]. To sear or burn with a cautery or a C. Ganglion. See Ganglion, Semilunar.
caustic. C. Plexus. A sympathetic nerve-plexus
Cautery [ka"ui^-ter-e) \_KavTT]piov
•
a branding situated about the origin of the celiac axis.
iron]. A
metal instrument heated by the Celialgia [se-le-aF fe-ali) \_Kor?jn, belly;
electric current or in a flame, used to destroy o'/^nr, pain]. Pain in the abdomen.
tissue, or for producing counterirritation. C, Celian, Celine {se'-le-an, se'-lin.) Same as
Actual, the white hot iron. C, Button, an Celiac.
CELIOTOMY CEN EST I IKS IS
Celiotomy {se-le-ot'-o-m,-) {KnCkla, l)elly; ro////, They contain the stores of iiutriinenl that ar^
a cutting]. Surgical openingof the alKlominal gradually «liss(.lvc(l an<l di^^cslcd. C,
cavity. Lymphoid, a small, round, connective U«sue
Celiitis, Coeliitis {w-k-i'-tis) \KoiXia, belly cell containing a
;
reiuiively larjje nuclcuk.
LTiq, inilammatioii]. Inflammation of the C, Mother, a cell that divides it.s pruo-
abdominal organs. and gives each p n
I'lasm ..||_
Cell a small, hollow
[sel) \cella, i. C. -multiplication, (>
cavity], ,,„«.
A granular mass of ]irotoplasm containing a given to the process of ri-|)roductiun o( cell*.
nucleus. The typical adult cell consists of It may be
direct, as when a cell cunstricUaiid
jiroloplasm or cell-contents, a nucleus, and cuts olT a part of or inJired, when llic
itself,
within the latter, one or more nucleoli. The division is the cycle of nuclear
preceded Ijy
cell may or may not have a cell-wall. changes known xs karyokinesis. C. -nests,
The protoplasm consists of two parts, the a collection of epithelial cells
closely packed
spongioplasm and the hyaloplasm. The together ami surrounded by a conneclive-
nucleus is made up of a nuclear membrane, tissue stroma. Lell-nesls are found in car-
nuclear iibrils (chromatin), and nuclear cinomata. C, Squamous, a variety of epi-
matrix (achromatin).The nucleolus is a thelial cells found on the surface of the skin
highly refracting body the function of which and certain mucous membranes afid charac-
is not known. 2. A
galvanic element, or terized by their scale-like Ilaine«. C, Vaso-
single member of a galvanic battery without factive, or Vasoformative, a cell that in
the connecting wire between the metals. C, emliryonic or very early life, and i>r<»bably in
Air. See Air-cell C, Ameboid, a cell certain neoplasms, anastomoses with other
capable of changing its form and of moving similar cells so as to form blood-vessels.
about like an ameba. C, Apolar, a nerve- Celloidin {sel-oid'-in) \_cella ; Mim-, form]. A
cell without processes. C, Beaker. See f. ,
concentrated form of collodion for use in
GobU'l. C. -capsule, a thick or unusually imbedding objects for histologic pur|x»ses.
strong cell-wall. C, Ciliated, one provided Cellular {sel'-u-lur) \^cell,i, cell]. Relating
with cilia. C. -cones, the cancer-nests of a to or composed of cells. C.
—
squamous epithelioma so called from their See Patholoi^'.
Pathology.
cone shape. C. of Corti, any one of the Cellule {sel''-hl) \cellula, a small cell]. A
hair-cells on the outer surface of the organ of small cell.
Corti. C,
Cylindric, a variety of epithelial Cellulitis [sel-iili'-tis) [^cclliila,
a small cell ;
cell like a miniature cylinder.

shaped C, trie, inllammation]. A diffuse intlainmation
Daughter, a cell originating from the divi- of cellular tissue. C, Pelvic. See Para-
sion of the protoplasm of a mother-cell. C. metritis.
of Deiters, one of the cells with fine pro- Cellulose {sel'-ti-los) [cel/iila,
a little
cell],
cesses resting on the basilar membrane of the C,.^H.,i,OjQ. Wood-fiber; lignose. the prin-
cochlea, beneath the air-cells; also a neuroglia- cipal ingredient oC the cell-membranes of
cell. C. Demilune, Giannuzzi's cells, granu- all plants. It is a white, amorjihous ma.ss,
lar protoplasmic cells found in mucous glands, insoluble in most of the usual solvents.
lying between the mucous cells and the base- Celosoma [se-lo-so'-mah) [«'/?.//, hernia;
ment-membrane. C. -doctrine, the theory auna, a body]. A si>ecies of single auto-
that tl\e cell is the unit of organic structure, sitic monsters characterized by more or less
and that cell-formation is the essential pro- extensive body-cleft with eventration. asMvci-
cess of life and phenomena. C, Endothe-
its ated with various anomalies of the extremi-
lial, Bat cells found on the inner surface of ties, of the genitourinary apparatus, of the
vessels and spaces that do not communicate intestinal tract, and even of the whole tnmk.
directly with the external air. C, Epider- Celotomy [se-lot'-o-me) [nif/.ii,

hernia; riuvriv,
mic, or Epithelial. See Epithelium. C, to cut]. The operation for strangulated
Ganglion, a large nerve-cell, especially that hernia by incision of the stricture.
found in the spinal ganglia. C. of Gian- Cement {se-ment') [cfmrnlum, a roujjh
nuzzi. See C, Demilitiie. C, Giant, large stone]. Any plastic material capable of l>c-
multinuclear cells occurring in tuberculosis coming hard and of binding together the ob-
to it ; filling mate-
and other infectious granulomatn, in bone, in jects that are contiguous
C. -globulins, Hal- rial for the teeth the crusH petrosa i>f the
giant-cell tumors, etc. ;
liburton's name for forms of globulin that teeth. C. Substance, the substance holding
intima
occur in lymph-corpuscles and can be ex- together the endothelial cells of the
tracted from them by solutions of sodium of blood-vessels.
chlorid. C, Goblet, an epithelial cell that Cenesthesis (u-n-esthe'sis) [k >/r<V,comn>on ;
has been bulged out like a goblet by the alnlh/(Tie, feeling]. The prevailing conscious
state of either of depression or of
presence of mucin. C. -islets, the centers of feelitig,
most active growth in cellular tissues. exaltation, which is the resultant of tlic sub-"
young
CENTAUREA CENTROSOME
conscious perceptions from the whole or- Centering [sen' -te7--ing) [k/i't/ioi',
a center].
ganism. In microscopy, the arrangement of an object
Centaurea (sen-taiv' -re-aJi) \Kh'Tavpr>v, cen- or an accessory so that its center coincides
taur]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs. with the optic axis of the microscope. In
C. benedicta. See Carduus. optics, having the pupil and the optic center
Centaury [seit'-taio-re) \_tenfaiiria^.
A
popu- of the refracting lens in the same axis.
lar name for various plants of the genera Centesimal {sen-tcs' -iin-al^ ^centum, hun-
Centaurea, Erythma, Sabbatia, Chlora, etc. dred]. In the proportion of i to loo.
It is used as a simple, bitter tonic. Dose Centigrade {sen' -te-grad) \centum, a hun-
J5 ss-j
decoction several times a day. Unof.
in dred; gradus, a step]. Abbreviation, C.
Center [sen'-ter) \_Kh'-pov, the center]. I. Having loo divisions or degrees. C. Ther-
The middle point of any surface or of a body. mometer, a thermometer with zero as the
2. The ganglion or plexus whence issue the freezing-point and 100° as the boiling-point
nerves controlling a function. C, Accel- of water. See Tliernioineter.
erating, a center in the medulla send- Centigram {sen'-U'-gra»i) \_cenfuni, a hun-
ing accelerating fibers to the heart. These dred; }/)rtu//n, a small weight]. The hundredth
leave the cord through the branches of com- part of a gram, equal to 0.15433 Troy grain.
munication of the lower cervical and upper Centiliter [sen'-ti/-e-fer) \^cenluin, a hundred ;
six dorsal nerves, passing thence into the A(TjM, a pound]. The hundredth part of a
sympathetic. C, Auditory, a center in the liter, equal to 0.6102 of a cubic inch.
first temporosphenoidal convolution, upon Centimeter [scn'-tim-e-ter') \centuiii, a hun-
each C, Broca's. See C, Speech.
side. dred fiETpov, a measure].
;
The hundredth
C, Cardioinhibitory, in the medulla, effer- part of a meter, equal to 0.39371 (or about |)
ent impulses being carried by the vagus. C, of an inch.
Ciliospinal, connected with the dilatation Centinormal {sen-te-7ior' -mal^ \centiim, a
of the pupil it is in the lower cervical
; part hundred; w<)r///(/, normal]. The j^^ of the
of the cord, and extends downward to from normal applied to a solution the y^^ of the
; .
the 1st to the 3d dorsal. C, Convulsional, strength of a normal solution.

a hypothetic center said to lie in the floor of Centrad {sen' -trad ) \_ccntriiiu, the center ad, ;
the 4th ventricle. C, Coughing, in the me- to]. Toward the center, or toward the
dulla, above the inspiratory center. C, Dia- median line.
betic, in the posterior part of the anterior half Central {sen'-tral) [^centrum, the center].
of the floor of the 4th ventricle, in the median Relating to the center; passing through the
line. C, Erection, is in the lumbar region center. C. Artery, an artery in the optic
of the spinal cord, but is controlled from the nerve and retina it
passes to the optic
;
medulla. C. for Mastication and Sucking, papilla and then divides. See Arteries,
in the medulla. C. for Secretion of Saliva, Table of. C. Ganglia, the corpora striata
on the floor of the 4th ventricle. C, Olfac- and thalami optici. C. Ligament, the
tory, probably in the hippocampal region of terminal fiium of the spinal cord. C. Lobe,
the temporal lobe. C, Heat-regulating the island of Reil.
or Temperature, the center for the control Centraphose {seii'-traf-ds). See Phase.
of body-temperature. See Tliermotaxis. C, Centric {sen' -trik)\_ce)ttriim, a center]. Relat-
Leg, in the upjjer portion of the ascending ing to a center, especially to a nerve-center.
frontal convolution. C. of Ossification, the Centrifugal {sen-trif'-ii-gal) [^centrum, cen-
place in bones at which ossification begins. ter fiigere, to fly]
; Receding from the center
.
C, Parturition, in the spinal cord, at the to the periphery. C. Machine, one by which
level of the 1st and 2d lumbar vcrtebm;. C, tubes of liquid are ra]iidly revolved for the
Respiratory, in the medulla, between the purpose of driving particles floating in the
nuclei of the vagus and accessorius. C, li(|uid to the distal ends of the tubes.
Sneezing, in the medulla. C, Spasm, in the Centrifuge {sen'-trif-u/) \retitrum, the cen-
medulla, at its junction with the pons. C, ter; />(;'-£';y, to fly]. A centrifugal machine.
the
Speech, in the third left frontal convolution Centripetal {sen-trip' -et-a/) \_ceiitriiiit,
in right-handed people; probably the island center; petcre,\.o seek]. Traveling toward
of Reil has some influence also. C, Swal- the center from the periphery.
lowing, on the floor of the 4th ventricle. C, Centrolecithal {sen-tro-/es'-itk-al) \_Kivrpov,
Sweat, the dominating center is in the me- center; '/tKiftoc, yolk]. In embryology, hav-
dulla, with subordinate centers in the spinal ing the food-yolk located centrally.
cord. C, Upper, for Dilator Pupillae, in Centrosome {sen'-tro-som) [^nh'Tpor, center;
the medulla. C, Vasodilator, in the me- G(Jiin,body]. A highly refractive body ly-
dulla. C, Vaso-motor, in the medulla. C, ing in the protoplasm of the ovum and other
Visual, in the occipital lobe, especially in cells, and taking an active part in cell-divi-
the cuneus. sion. It is also known as pole-capsule.
CENTRUM CERERROSCOPY
Centrum {sen'-tntm) [L.]. The center or Cerate In pharmacy.
(se'-ra/) [cfra, wax].
muUlle part ; the body of a vertebra, exchi- an unctuous preparation
consisiing of . .
sive of the bases of the neural arches. C. mixed with oils, fatty substances, or r.
ovale majus, the large mass of white mat- and of such a con^îstence that a!
ter appearing when either of the cerebral
temperaturL-s it can be readily spi,
hemispheres is cut down to the U-vel of the linen or muslin, and yet is so firm that it will
corpus callosum. C. ovale minus, the not melt or run when to the skin.
applied
white matter appearing when the upper part C., Goulard's, ceralum plunibi sut>aceta(is.
of a hemisphere of the brain is removed. See Plu/nbuin.
Cephaelis [sff-a'-el-is). See Ipecacuanha. Cerato- {ser'-at-o-'). See A'erato-.
Cephalad [sef'-al-ad) \KE<â'kii, head; ad, to]. Cercomonas {ser-i-om'o-nas) [(tZ/i/cnr, t.iil ;
Toward the head.
lumir, monad]. A genus of flagellate iiifus-
Cephalalgia [sr/'-al-aF-sê-ah) [KeâTifj, head; orians. C. intestinalis, a prolozoon, ooca-
('U}or, pain]. Headache. sionally found in tiic fecal
discharges of pa
Cephalhematoma {se/- al- hem -at-o^ mah) -
tients suflering with typhoid fever, chrc.nic
[netjxfAi/ head; al/ya, blood; bfia, tumor]. A
, diarrhea, and cholera. lis pathologic siynili-
collection of blood beneath the pericranium, cance has not yet been ascertained.
forming a tumor-like swelling. Cereal (se'-re-al) \^Ceres, the g<«ldess of agri-
Cephalic [<f/-a/'-ik) head].
\_Ki:i(>nlr], Per- culture]. I.
Relating to edible grains. 2.
taining to the head. C. Index. See Index. Any edible grain.
C. Version. See Version. Cerebellar [ser-e-lnl'-ar) [dim. o{ cerfl>rum'\.
Cephalodynia {sef-al-o-din' -e-ah) \Ktâ'ki], Relating to the cerel)ellum.
head u(h'i'/i, pain].
; Rheumatism affecting Cerebellum {ser-e-bel'-um) [dim. of eere-
the occipitofrontalis muscle, the pain being briii?i'\.
The inferior part of the itrain lying
chiefly experienced in the forehead or occiput, below the cerebrum and above the pons an<i
and at times involving the eyeballs. medulla. It consists of two lateral and a
Cephalomelus i^êf-al-om^-el-us) [/ceâA^, middle lobe.

head ui:Aoq, a part].
;
A form of double Cerebral {ser'-e-hral) [eerebnim, the brain].
monster in which there is .a
supernumerary Relating to the cerebrum. C. Index. .See
linil) attached to the head. Index. C. Pneumonia. See J'neitmonia.
Cephalometer [sef-al-om^-et-er) [^Ke(pa?J/, C. Vesicles. The emi)ryonic vesicles from
head; /itTfjov, a. measure]. An instrument which the brain is developed.
for measuring the head. Cerebrasthenia [ser-e-bras-the'-ne-ah) [errf-
Cephalopagus (^sef-al-op'-ag-us') l_Ketpn7ir/, brum, the brain aalhMic;. without strength].
;
head; miyeir,
joined]. double mon- A Cerebral asthenia; cerebral neurasthenia.
strosity havin* the heads united at the top. Cerebration [ser-el>ra'-sbitn) [eerehmm, the
Cephaiorrhachidian [sef-al-o-rak-id' -e-an'). brain]. Mental activity. C, Unconscious,
Same as Cerebrospinal. mental activity of which the subject is not
Cephalotomy (sefal-ot'-o-me) [h.fâ7//,
head ; conscious.
ro/(.y, section]. The opening or division of Cerebrin {ser'-e bn'n) [eerebrnm, the brain],
the head of the fetus to facilitate labor. C',,H.j,,N().,.
A nitrogenous glucosid ol'tained
Cephalotribe [sef'-al-o-trlh) [ /Cfrdira/ the //i from brain-tissue, nerves, and pus coqiuscles.
head; Tfiijieiv, to crush]. An instrument It isa light, colorless, exceedingly hygro-
for crushing the fetal head. scopic powder. The temi has also l>etfn
Cephalotripsy apjilied to an organic extract
of unknown
{^sef'-alo-trip-se) [_Ke)pa?J/,
head; r/)/.:/f7v, to crush]. The operation of constitution, derived from brain tissue.
crushing the fetal head when delivery is Cerebritis (ser-ebri^/is) [eerebmi/i, the
otherwise impossible. brain; /7/f, inflammation]. Inflainm.ilion of
Cera {.le^-rah) [L. ].
Wax. A mixture of the |iroper substance of the ccR-bium.
cerotic acid, cerolein, and niyricin, gathered Cerebromalacia [ser
-
<•- bro-mal </' fe aki\
the brain; /in7.aiiia, softness].

by the honey bee from the pollen of flowers \eerebnirii,
and the leaves of plants. C. alba, white Softening of the brain-tissue.
wax, prepared by bleaching yellow wax. Cerebropathy (srr-e bnp'-at/if) {•rrf^rum,
.\ Imiii of
It is valuable as an ingredient of cerates and the brain m'llhir, illness].
;
I.
ointments. C. flava, yellow wax following overwork, and ap-

it
pos- ; symptoms
sesses an agreeable balsamic odor, and is sol- proaching the character of insanity. i.
uble in ether, in hot alcohol, and in chloroform. Cerebral di.sease in general.

Cerasin [ser^-as-in) l_eeras//s, a cherry tree]. Cerebroscopy (sere bros'-tc pf) [etrehriimt
An the brain a/toTMi', to inspect]. Invesligalion
I. ingredient of the gum of cherry, peach, ;
and plum trees, apparently identical with of the condition of the brain by in>|H-ction.
the diagnosii
bassorin. 2. A crude precipitate from tinc- especially ophthalmoscopy, in
ture of choke cherry. of brain -disease.
CEREBROSE CHAMBER
Cerebrose [ser'-e-bros) [ceirhnim ,\.\i^ brain], Cervix [ser'-viks) [L.]. A
constricted por-
CgH,.,Og. A
crystallized sugar isomeric with tion or neck. C. uteri, the neck of the
glucose, occurring in brain-tissue. womb. C. vesicae, the neck of the bladder.
Cerebrosid [ser'-e-l>ro-sid) \cerebruin, the Cesarean, or Caesarean, Section [from
brain]. One of a class of substances occur- Cccsar, Ctesar, the Roman Consul, whose
ring in brain-tissue, containing cerebrose, delivery is said to have been effected in this
just as glucosids contain glucose. way]. Extraction of the fetus through an
Cerebrospinal {^ser-e-bro-spi' -nal^ \_ce7-e- incision made in the abdomen. C. S., Post-
hrufu, the brain; spina, \\\Q spine]. Per- mortem, extraction of the child after the
taining to the brain and spinal cord. C. mother's death.
Axis. See Axis. C. Fluid, the fluid be- Cestoid, or Cestode [ses' -toid, or ses' -tod)
tween the arachnoid membrane and the pia- [/i:toTof
a girdle
, tlfSof, likeness].
; Shaped
mater. C. Meningitis. See Fevt-r, Cere- like a girdle, or ribbon applied to worms
;
brospinal. System, C. the brain, spinal of which Tania is a type.

cord, and nerves. Cetacea [sc-ta^-se-ak) \_cefiis, a wliale]. An
Cerebrum {ser'-e-brum) [L.]. The chief order of mammals living in the sea, as the
portion of the brain, occupying the whole whale, dolphin, etc.
upper part of the cranium and consisting of Cetaceum (se-ta^-se-t/m) '[k7/toc, a large fish].
the right and left hemispheres. Spermaceti. A fatty substance somewhat
Cereus (sc' -rc-ns^ [L., "a wax candle"]. A resembling paraffin in its physical properties.
genus of cactaceous plants. C. grandi- It is obtained from the head of the sperm-
florus. See Cactus grandijiorns. whale, Physeter tnaeroccp/ialus. It is soluble
Cerevisia {ser-e-vis' -e-ah) [L.]. Ale or in ether, in chloroform, and in boiling alco-
beer. C, Fermentum, beer-yeast. The hol, and is employed as an emollient. C,
ferment obtained brewing beer, and pro-
in Ceratum, contains spermaceti 10, white wax
duced by saccharomyces cerevisiae. 35, olive-oil 55 parts. C, Ung., (B. P.),
Cerin [se^-rin) \_cera, wax]. An ether of contains spermaceti, white wax, almond-oil,
cerotic acid one of the substances found in
;
and benzoin.
wax. Cetraria {se-tra'-re-ah) \ccTtra, a short Span-
Cerium [named after the planet ish shield]. I. A
genus of lichens. 2.
Ceres^.
[sc^-re-i/rn)
Ce = l40; quantivalence II, iv. Iceland moss, —
a lichen, C. islandica, found
One of the rarer metals. See Elenic7its, in Iceland and other northern countries.
Tabic of. C. oxalas, Ce._,(C./3j3.9H./3, a It contains a form of starch, lichenin, that
white granular powder, insoluble in water or gelatinizes when boiled with water. It is a
alcohol, but soluble in hydrochloric acid. feebly tonic demulcent, sometimes used in
It is useful in the vomiting of pregnancy. pulmonary affections. C, Decoct. (B. P.),
Dose gr. j-x, in pill (0.065-0.65). C. val- contains five per cent, of the lichen. Dose
erianate has been used in the same class of f_* ij-iv (64.0-128.0).
cases. Dose gr. iss (o. i). Chagres Fever. See Fever.
Cerotic Acid {se-rof -ik) See Acid, Cerotic.. Chalaza {kal-a' -zah) [jd/.aCfl, a hailstone].
Cerumen [sa--:/ -men) [cera, wax]. The One of the twisted cords binding the yolk-
wax of the ear. bag of an egg to the lining membrane of the
Ceruminous [scr-u'-niin-its) [^cera, wax]. shell ;
or that part of a seed where its coats
Pertaining to cerumen. unite with each other and the nucleus.
Ceruse [se^-riis) white lead].
\_eerussa, I. Chalazion (Jcal-a' -ze-on) [jaAdc^wj', a small
White lead : and hydrate of
basic carbonate hailstone]. A
tumor of the eyelid from re-
lead. 2. A white face-powder. C. of tained secretion of the Meibomian glands a ;
Antimony, white oxid of antimony also ;

Meibomian cyst.
antimouic acid. Chalicosis [kal-ik-o' -sis)\_xd\ii,, gravel] A .
Cervical \cen'ix, the neck].

(sei-' -vik-al) disease of the lungs caused by the inhala-
Pertaining to the neck, or to the cervix tion of dust or sand.
uteri. C. Carcinoma, carcinoma of the Chalk {chawk) \_Calx, limestone]. Carbon-
neck of the womb. C. Endometritis. See ate of lime. See Calcium. C. Stone, gout-
Endometritis. C. Pregnancy, a rare con- stone — a deposit beneath the skin in gouty
dition in which from atrophy of the decidual patients.
membranes the impregnated ovum is not Chalybeate {ka-lib'-e-at) \_xat.v^f, iron].
properly held in place, and dropping, lodges Containing iron.
in the cervical canal, where it develops until Chamber (ckdm'-ber) [catnera, cham- a
the uterus expels it.
ber]. A cavity or space. C, Anterior
Cervicitis [scr-vis-i^-tis) the neck
\_ccr7'ix, ; (of the eye), the space lietween the cornea
iTti;,inflammation]. Inflammation of the and the iris. C, Posterior (of the eye),
cervix uteri. the space between the iris and the lens.
CHAMOMILE CUKKAN
The chambers of tlie eye contain the aqueous A
humor. prattle]. quack; a prelcnder to medical
skill ; an advertising doctor.
Chamomile [kmu'-o-i/iil). See AntJicniis Charles's Law. See /.<i-o.
and MiUrtLiiriii.
Charpie (shar' -pe)[carpen;U> \AucV']. Picked
Champagne [sluvii-pan') [Kr.]. An etTer- or shredded lint linen shreds for
;
vescent wine useful as a drcfcinK
remedy for nausea wounds.
and vomiting. Charta
Chancre {shan:/-ker) [Fr.]. A term for- {lnv'-tah) \^x<'wr)r, paper]. A jwipcr.
In pharmacy, a
strip of pa|)er the lil*crs of
merly used indiscriminately for any primary which are impregtiated with a medicinal
venereal ulcer, but now substance. Also a wr.ipprr for
generally ap|)licd
to the initial lesion of sy|)hilis (sec huldifi({
SvpJiilis). powders. C. emporetica, |K>rous or bibu-
C, Hard, Hunterian, Indurated, Infect- lous paper. C. epispastica. or C. can-
ing, Non-suppurating, or True, the ulcer tharidis, blistering paper. C. exploratoria,
of venereal origin, that is followed
by contest paper. C. sinapis, nuistanl
paper.
stitutional syphilis. C, Non-incubatory, Chartula {karl'-u lah) [dim. of A
chart,i\
Non-infecting, Simple, or Soft, a con- little paper,
especially a paper conlainini; a
tagious, suppurating, non-sypliiiitic venereal single dose of a medicinal powder.
ulcer, properly called chancroid. Chasma (kaz'-mah), or Chasmus {^km'-
Chancroid {shan^^'-kroid) \_chancre ; mW, Dins) \_\n(7n<')r, a gajiing]. \ yawn.
form]. A
local, infective process transmit- Chassaignac's Tubercle. The carotid tu-
ted by sexual intercourse, and characterized bercle.
f
by ulceration, local glandular involvement, Chaulmugra Oil
{chaTt>l-moo:^''rtih)lV..\nt\.].
and often su|ipuration. It has been variously A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of
termed the soft, non-indurated, simple, or non- Gynocardia odorata, a tree native to the K.
syphilitic chancre. 'i^Q. Chancre. C, Pha- Indies. It is soluble in alcohol, and its
gedenic, chancroid with a tendency to slough. properties are due to gynocardic acid. It is
C, Serpiginous, a variety of the la,st that used in leprosy, in scaly eczema,
psori.isis,
spreads superficially in curved lines. and syphilitic skin aflections. For external
Change [chdnj) \_cambiare, to change]. use, I
part of the acid to 24 of petroleum.
The word is colloquially used either for the Internally, dose gtt. v-x (0.32-0.65) of the
establishment or the cessation of the menstrual oil or gr. ss-iij
(0.032-0.2) of the acid, in
function. C. of Life, the menopause. capsules. .Ml unof.
Chantreuil's Method. In pelvimetry, a Check [i-hck) [OF. eschec, from Pcrs. shah, a
method of ascertaining the distance between king]. A
sudden stop. C. -experiment.
the tuberosities of the ischia (li cm.) in esti- ':êe Control. C. -ligament. See Lii^(ime»/.
mating the size of the pelvic outlet. The Checker-berry (chek' -er-bcr'-e). A jiopular
two thumbs are placed upon the tuberosities, name for Gaultheria procnmbens.
while an assistant measures the distance be- Cheek [chek) [AS., ceace, the check]. The
tween them. side of the face ;
it is
composed of fat, areo-
Chap [chap) [MK., (//(^//^w. to cleave]. A lar tissue, muscles, etc.
slight or superficial fissure of the skin, usu- Cheese [chez) [AS., cese, cheese]. \ fiKxi
ally upon the lips, hands, or nipples. prepared from the casein of skimmed or un-
Charbon [shar^-bon) [Fr. charcoal]. An- skimmed milk.
thrax. Cheesy [.VS., rw^*, cheese].
(r//^c'-<f)
Of the
Charcoal {char'-kol) [ME., charrcn, to nature of cheese. C. Degeneration, C.
turn ; col,
coal]. Coal made by subjecting Necrosis, caseous degeneration, or casea-
wood a process of smothered combus-
to tion the conversion of the ti.ssues into a
;
tion. See Carhfl animalis and Carbo ligni. substance resembling cheese. C. Tubcfk-le,
Charcot's 'D\se2^se, Sclerose en plat/ues. Dis- a tubercle that has undergone cheesy ne-
seminated, multiple, or insular sclerosis. See crosis.
Diseases, Tablj of. C.'s Joint, or Joint Cheil-, or Cheilo- {ktl-, or kit' o\. For
Disease. See
Arthropafliv and Diseases, words thus beginning see Chil-, or Chilo-.
Table of. C.-Leyden Crystals, micro- Cheiro- (kir'-o). Vox words thus lioginninf;
scopic, colorless, 'octahedral or rhomhoidal see Chiro-.
crystals found in semen, in the shed blood of Chekan, or Cheken {cbck'-cn) [Chilian].
leukemic jâtients, and in the sputum of asth- I. The leaves of Kuiênia cheken, a .S<iulh
ma and croui)ous bronchitis. Chemically, y\mcrican shrub. It is diuretic and c\|ht-
they are the phosphate of an organic

'
base. torant and similar in action to e»u-alyptus. It
C 's Method. See Hypnotism. C. -Neu- is used in chronic pharyngitis, laryngitis, etc.
mann Crystals, C. -Robin Crystals. See Dose of the fluid extract f.t^ss-j (2.0-4.0).
C.-Li'vdcn Crys/als. Unof. 2. The crmlc rosin obtained from
Charlatan [s^/ar^-lal-an) [Ital., ciarlare,
to Cannabis indica.
CHELIDONIN CHILOPLASTY
Chelidonin {kel-id'-o-nin) [je/lMWvjop, celan- tina, a mild bitter and tonic, containing
dine], C,yHi,N.,(l3 +
ri,0, or C.gH^NO,. tannin. Dose of fid. ext. fo^s-j (2.0-4.0).
A crystalline alkaloid of celandin (Chelido- Prunin, a concentrated
extract dose gr. ;
nin in t?iaj!is). j-iij See also Choke-cherry ^nA

(0.065-0.2).
Chelidonium [kcl-id-o'-nc-ttm) [je/l^Joivoj', Pruniis 7'irginiana. C. -laurel, the Euro-
celandine]. Celandin. The leaves and pean evergreen cherry, J'riuius laurocera-
stems of C. majus, with properties due to a sus. Water distilled from its leaves is used
number of alkaloids and acids. It is a drastic in the same way as dilute hydrocyanic acid
cathartic, and externally an irritant, and has Dose n\_xxx-f;5J (2.0-4.0).
been used in jaundice, whooping-cough, and Chest. See Thorax. C, Barrel-, a peculiar
catarrhal pneumonia. Dose of the
plant formation of the chest observed in cases of
gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0) ;
of the juice tTLv-xx long-standing emphysema of the lungs it is ;
(0.32-1. 3)- Unof. round like a barrel, and in respiration is lifted

Chelidoxanthin [kelid-o/cs-an'-(hin) [feAi- vertically instead of being expanded laterally.
r5d)7oi', celandine]. One of the bitter, crys- Chestnut. See Castanea.
talline constituents of celandin. Cheyne-Stokes' Breathing or Respiration.
Cheloid [kc''-loid) \_X'l'^>l,
a claw; elt'ior, See Signs and Svinploins, 'J\d<lc of. C.-S.'
form]. See Keloid. Nystagmus, a variety of nystagmus in which
Chelotomy [kclot'-o-fne). See Kelotomy. the oscillations of the eyeball have a rhythmic
Chemic, Chemical (kem'-ik, ketn^-ik-al) variation similar to the rhythm of Cheyne-
[j;;/if/a, chemistry].
Of or pertaining to vStokes' resi)iration.
chemistry. Chiasm, Chiasma [ki'-azm, ki-oz'-7nah)

Chemiotaxis, Chimiotaxis (kem'-e-o-taks-is, [,];wsf«', to make a cross, as an X]. The
kim'-e-o-taks-i.s). See Chemolaxis. optic commissure.
Chemistry [kem'-is-tre) [xJjueia, chemistry]. Chickahominy Fever (chik-a-hom' -in-e
The science of the molecular and atomic fe'-ver'). See Fever.
structure of bodies. Chicken (chik'-en) [AS., cicen, a chicken].
Chemosis [ki'-ino'-sis) \_x'lfiuai^,
a gaping]. A domestic
fowl. C. Breast, an almor-
Swelling of the conjunctiva. mally prominent condition of the sternum
Chemotactic {kem-o-tak' -tik) \_xr}jiz'ia,
chem- and of the sternal region ; pigeon-breast ; i(
istry ; Tuoaen', to arrange]. Pertaining or is seen in rhachitic jiersons, etc. C. Chol-
relating to chemotaxis. era. See Cholera. C.-fat Clot, a clot of
Chemotaxis, Chemiotaxis (kcm-o-taks' -is, blood yellowish in color, consisting largely
kem-c-o-taks'-is) [v';/'f''«, chemistry; rdaaeiv, of fibrin, and containing but few red cells.
to order, arrange]. The property of cellular C.-pox. See Varicella.
attraction and repulsion. It is displayed by Chicory [Kixopa, chicory].
[child -or-e') Ci-
the proteid constituents of the protoplasm of choriiim intybus, a composite plant of Europe
various species of bacteria, as well as by pro- and Asia, naturalized and growing in the
teids from a great variety of sources. The United States. Its ground root is used to
qualifications positive and negative are added
adulterate cofi'ee.
according as the phenomenon is one of Chilblain [thil'-hlan\ [AS., cele, cold;

attraction or repulsion. bligen, a boil]. Pernio Erythema ])ernio.
;
Chemotic [kcinot' -ik) \_x>1 k", a gaping]. <"'>''> A congestion and swelling of the skin, due
Pertaining to or marked by chemosis. to cold, and attended with severe itching or
Chemotropism [kt'inct'-ro-fizm) [Y/;//f/a, burning; vesicles and bulkv may form, and
chemistry; rpoT;/, a turning]. The destruc- these may leail to ulceration.
tion of bacteria by phagocytes the victory ;

Child-bed. 'I'he ]iopuIar term for the puer-
of the phagocytes over bacteria, or of bac- peral state. C.-bed Fever, juierperal fever.
teria over phagocytes. In liiology, the C. -birth, parturition. C. -crowing, the
attraction of leukocytes by certain chemic crowing sound of the respiration that char-
substances held in solution in the blood. acterizes laryngismus stridulus.
Cf. Cheviotaxis. Chili Saltpeter. Sodium nitrate.
Chenopodium {ken-o po'-de-iini) [j//)',
a Chill [chil) [A.S. rt'/f', chilliness].
,
A sensa-
goose; TToiWoF, a
foot]. American
little tion of cold accompanied by shivering,
Wormseed ; the fruit of C. ainbrosioidcs, or usually appearing shortly after exposure to
It is frequently the initial
antht'Iiiiinticuni, a plant native to the United cold or wet.
States, with properties due to a volatile symptom of acute disorders, as pneumonia,
oil, which the only preparation used.
is It etc. It is a prominent symptom of various
is an anthelmintic against the round-

efficient forms of malarial fever.
worm. Dose of the oil TTLv-xv (0.32-I.0). Chills and Fever. A popular term for inter-
Cherry {cher'-e) [Kf/âfrof, cherry-tree].

The mitteTit fever.
bark of the common cherry, Frunus sero- Chiloplasty (/•/'-/o//(?.f-/t')[,Yf/Aof, lip ;
7r7>aa-
CHIMAPHILA CHLOKALOSE
OEiv, to form]. Any plastic operation uijoii Chirurgeon {ki-rer' -jon) \_xn^ôvîy6^: , a sur
the lip.
geon]. A surgeon.
Chimaphila {kiînaf'-il-ah) winter
[ v'î/ia, ;
Chirurgia (ki-rer'-jeuli) [v'>, liaiul; i,,)uv,
</KA(;f, loving]. I'ipsisscvva, Prince's I'ine ;
work]. Surgery.
the leaves of ('. uiulh'llatu, an evergreen Chittim Bark [eliit'-iiit bark). Sec Cau./ra
found in the U. S., an astringent tonic and sai^^rada.
excellent diuretic. ilie bruised leaves are Chloasma {klo az' nuih) \^\'kiMZnv, to be
used as a rubefacient. It is valuable in
l>ule green]. Melanoderma; mcUsma ; dis-
dropsy, in renal disease, and in affections colorations. A <,f in
deposit pigment tlic
of the urinary passages. C, Decoctum. skin, occurring in patches, of various sizes and
Dose f,^j-iij (32.0-96.0). Unof. C, Ext., shapes, and of a yellow, brown, or black
Fid. Dose f;5ss-ij (2.0-8.0). color. C. hepaticum, a fonn
liver-siKJis ;
Chimiotaxis [Jciiii-e-o-taks'-is'). See Chcmo- following dyspepsia and jiopuiariy a.ss«H:iat(nl
tajiis. with hepatic disturbance. C.
phthisicorum,
Chimney-sweep's Cancer. Epithelioma the brown patches upon the skin of tiie f. .re-
of the scrotum, occurring among chimney- head or upper iinrlions <.f the cheeks in tuber-
sweepers. culous patient.-. C. uterinum,
ciiicliy located
Chin [AS., cin, chiti\. 'ihe mentum the ; on the forehead, temples, cheeks,
nippic.^,
lower part of the face, at or near the symphy- and median line of abdomen. Tliey are
sis of the lower jaw. C.-jerk. See Jaw- marked during pregnancy, and often during
jerk, and Reflexes, Table of. C. Reflex. See menstruation.
Reflexes, Table of. Chloracetic Acid {klo-ras-e'-tik). See AtiJ.
China {kin' -ah, or ke'-nah) [Sp. ]. Same as Chloral {klo'-ral) (eklorin ; aldeltyd], V.,i\
Ci)ic'ioua. IK J. A pungent, colorless, mobile liquid.
Chinoidin, or Chinoidinum [kin-oi'-din, or The name is often misapplied to chloral
kin-oi din'-iim') [Sp China^. Quinoidin. hydrate. C. butylicum.
,
Butyl-chloral
A mixture of amorphous alkaloids obtained Hydrate (B. P.), croton-chl..ral,( ',11 ri,< ),
in the manufacture of quinin. It has the

11,/), a solid occurring in crystalline scales,
theraiieutic properties of tpiinin. Dose gr. resembling hydrate, but made with
chloral
j-xx (0.065-1.3). butyl, C^Hg, as a base, instead of ethyl,
Chinolin (fiin' -o-liii). See Chinolina and C.ÎIj. Its properties are jtarallel to those of
Quiiiolin. chloral, but are much feebler. Dose gr. v-
Chinolina {kin-o-li'-naJt) \china, quinin], XX (0.32-1.3), in syrup. Syrupus Butyl-
C,,If-N. Chinolin, Leukolin. An alka- chloral, strength I-30. Do.se f.^j-iv (4.0-
loidal derivative of quinin and cinchonin, 16.0). Unof. C. Hydrate, a colnrless,
occurring also in coal-tar. It is an antiseptic crystalline solid having the comixjsition fj-
and antipyretic. Ij; is commonly used in the IICI.,(lIO).,, thehydrate of chloral. It is a
form of the tartrate because of the deliques- powerful hypnotic, antispasmodic, and de-
cence of the other salts. Dose n\_iij-x (0.2- pressant to the cerebral, medullary, and
0.65) ; of the tartrate gr. v-xv (0.32-I.0). spinal centers, and, to a limited extent, is an
The tartrate is used as a local application to anesthetic. It is serviceable in fevers ac-
the throat in strength of l-io. IJnof. companied by cerebral excitement, in chorea,
Chionablepsia {ki-on-ab-lep' -se-ah) [j'fJi', convulsions, and in delirium tremens, but
snow; alT^tihia, without sight]. Loss of should be used with great caution. Do.se gr.
sensibility of retina resulting from the

the v-xx (0.32-1.3). C., Syrupus (B. P.).
exposure of the eyes to retlection of the sun- Dose f^ss-ij (2.0-8). C.-urethanc. See
lightupon snow. Uraliuiii.
Chirata [ke-ra' -tali, ox che-ra' -tali') [Hind., Chloralamid (klo- ral'-ain
-
id ) \ihloml ;
chirdetd, a species of gentian]. Chiretta.
C'''*^"' '"'>'
The leaves and lighter stems of C. ophelia. amid\ CC1.,CH <nhcIIO-
It resemiiles gentian in its therapeutic proper- mamidate. In doses of 30 to 45 gmins
ties, and is an excellent tonic. It does not (2.0-3.0) it is an hypnotic.
contain any tannin. Dose of the powdered Chloralimid {klo ral' im-id){chhral : imid},
plant gr. xv-xxx (l. 0-2.0). C, Ext., Fid., CC1.,.CH.NH. An hy]Miolic allied to chloral.
in glycerol and alcohol. Dose TT\^xv-xxx soluble in alcohol. The dose is the s.inie as
C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose, a that of chloral hydrate. Unof.
(1.0-2.0).
Chloralism ral-ism) I.
wineglassful (64.0). C, Tinct., ten per {k.'o'- [,hhnil\
cent, in strength. Dose Clhloral poisoning, the niorl)id stale caused
(2.0-8.0).
f.::^ss-ij
The
by the injudicious use of chloral.
2.
Chiropodist {ki-rop' -o-dist)\^x^'Pi liand i:n'vr, ;
TTofSof, foot]. A surgeon or person who pro- habit of using chloral.
fessionally treats diseases of the hands and

Chloralose (kiy-ni/o'i) [ehloml ; i;lu.i>sf\
a product of the
f«et, especially corns, bunions, etc. Anhydroglycochloral ;
CHLORANEMIA CHLOROPHYL
action of anyhdrous chloral upon glucose. commercial article, C. venale,
contains 2 per
It is used as an hypnotic. Dose gr. iij-xiv cent, of impurities.Administered internally in
(0.2-0.9). large doses, chloroform produces narcosis and
Chloranemia Synonym violent gastroenteritis. In small doses it is
i^klo-raii-e' i)ie-ali).
of Chlorosis. antispasmodic and carnunative. Chloro-
Chloranodyne [klor-an^-o-din) \_chloriH ; form has an agreeable odor and a sweetish
(ii'
priv. ; o(5('i';/, pain] . A proprietary rem- taste*. It solidifies in the cold, boils at 61°,
edy introduced as an improvement on chlor- and has a gravity of 1.526.

specific Ex-
odyne. It contains morphin hydrochlorate, ternally, it is much employed
as an ingre-
tinct.cannab. ind., chloroform, dilute hydro- dient of rubefacient and anodyne liniments.
cyanic acid, and aromatics. Dose for an Mixed with a large per cent, of air, and in-
adult TTLxv (l.o). Unof. haled, it is one of the most valuable of genera!
Chlorate i^klo'-raf) [^chloriii].
A salt of anesthetics, but occasionally (i 3000) causes :
chloric acid. death by cardiac paralysis. See Anesthetic.

Chloric [k/o'-ri/c) Pertaining to
\_Lhlorin'\. Deep injections in the vicinity of the sciatic
or containing chlorin. C. Acid. See Acid. nerve are recommended in sciatica. C,
C. Ether, i. See Ethyl chlorid. 2. See Alcoholized, a mixture of chlorofcHui
Spiritns Chlorofortni. and alcohol. C, Ammoniated, equal parts
Chlorid (/'/(;''-;-/</) \chloriii\. A binary com- of ammonia in alcohol and chlorofoiTn an- ;
pound, one of the elements of which is tipvretic and anodyne. Unof. C, Aqua
chlorin. C. of Methyl. See Anesthetic. (B' p.). Dose f.^ss-ij (16.0-64.0). C,
Q,\\\ox\n.[klo'-rin) [v^wpdf, green]. Chlorum Emulsum, chloroform 4, expressed oil of
€1 = 35-5; quantivalence I. A greenish-yel- almond tragacanth 1.5, water sufficient to
6,
low gas, prepared by decomposing sodium make 100 parts. C. -liniment, commercial
chlorid, NaCl. It is highly irritative to the chloroform 40, soap liniment 60 parts. C,
skin and mucous membranes, producing spas- Liniment., Comp., chloroform 4, oil of
modic closure of the gk)ttis. It is a valuable turpentine 4, tincture of opium 2, tincture of
disinfectant. Chlori, Aqua, U. S. P.; C, aconite i part. Unof. C, Spt.,pure chloro-
Liquor, (B. P.), chlorin-water, contains four form 10, alcohol 90 parts. Dose Tr\^x-f_:5J
per cent, of the gas in solution. It is a (0.65-4.0). Tinct. Chloroformi et Mor-
good antiseptic wash. Dose, internally, phinse (B. P.), a substitute for chlorodyne.
rr\^x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Calais Chlorinatae, Each dose of Trîo contains chloroform
Liq., (B. P.), contains I
pound of the salt VC\\}i, ether rt\î.^,
alcohol TT\^
I J4: , morphin
per gallon of water. Calx Chlorata, hydrochlorate gr. -^^^ dilute hydrocyanic acid
"chlorid of lime," a hypochlorite of cal- TT^^, oil of peppermint TT\,Jp, fluid extract
cium containing free chlorin ;
a valualile of licorice Tt\î'4, treacle and synip q. s.
disinfectant. Dose, internally, gr. iij -vj Tinct. C. Comp. (B. P.), chloroform 2,
(0.2-0.4). C. -hunger, the condition of the alcohol 8, com|i. tinct. of cardamon 10.
body when chlorin (usually in the form of Dosen\,xx-f.:5J (1.3-4.0).
common salt) is lacking. Among the imme- Chloroformism {klo' -ro-form-istn^ \chloro-
diate results of this deficiency are indi- forviiiiu,chloroform]. i. The use of
gestion and albuminuria. C. -vapor (B. chloroform to excess for narcotic effect.
its
P.), used for inhalation. Sodae Chlo- 2. The symptoms produced by this use of
ratae., Liq.,Labarraque's .Solution, sodium the drug.
carbonate 10, calx chlorinata 8, water ad Chloroma {klo-ro'-mah) [;(-^wpdf , yellowish-
Dose TT\^x-f5J (0.65-4.0), in 20 parts " Green cancer " ;
100. green b/ja, a tumor].
;
of water. a rare variety of sarcoma, of a greenish tint,

Chlorobrom [klo' -ro-brdiii) \_chlorin ; bro- usually seated upon the periosteum of the
}>iin'\
. A which con-
solution each ounce of bones of the head.
tains 30 grains each of chloralamid and Chlorophane [klo'-ro-/dn) [Y^wpdr, green ;
potassium bromid. It is hypnotic and useful (>)nivt-alfni , to appear]. A yellowish-green

in seasickness. chromophane. See Chromophanes .
Chlorodyne [Ho'-ro-din) [,Y?w,o'^f' green; Chlorophyl {klo' -ro-fil ) [ jûpf^f , green ;
oSvrr/, pain]. A proprietary remedy sup- oi^/ /or, leaf]. The

green coloring-matter of
It decomposes carbon dioxid, setting
posed to contain chloroform, ether, morphin, plants.
cannabis indica, hydrocyanic acid, and cap- free oxygen, and forming new organic com-
sicum. It is anodyne and narcotic. Dose pounds. This decomposition takes place
TTLx-xxx (0.65-2.0). Unof. only or chiefly in the presence of sun-light.
Chloroform {hlo^-ro-/orm) \_chlorofoi-miim, The chlorophyl is contained in certain parts
chloroform]. Methyl terchlond, CHCI3. A of the protoplasm of the plant. It is the sub-
heavy, colorless liquid obtained by the action stance by the agency of which carbohydrates
of chlorinated lime on methyl alcohol. The are formed in green plants.
CH LORDS ARCOMA CIK iI.KKA
Chlorosarcoma {Jdo-ro-sar-ko'-inah). See Cholecystorrhaphy (kol-e-sist-0r^-a/e)[ xoXi/,

Chloroina. bile m arir, hladder /KKpr/, a seam]. Suture
;
;
Chlorosis {klo-ro'-sis) [;\;^w/)0(,', green]. 'I'he of the gallbladder, especially suture Ik liic
"green sickness." A form of anemiii, most abdominal wall.
common in young women, and characterized
Cholecystostomy {kolesist-oi'-to nu) [.f^-V,
by a marked reduction of liemoglobin in tiie bile; a bladder; aro/tu,
Kiaru;, inuuthj.
blood, with but a slight diminution of red The establishment of an oi)ening into ibe gail-
corpuscles. In some cases there is a hyper- bladder.
plasia of the sexual organs and the heart and Cholecystotomy (kolesistot'o-me) \x*>>Ji,
large blood-vessels. The symptoms are tho.se bile; /i('r77(r;, bladder ; rf/ii't/i>, lo cut]. In-
of anemia, a greenish color of the slvin, gas- cision of the gall-bladder to remove gall-
tric and menstrual disturbances. stones, etc.
Chiorotic {klo-rot'-ik) \^xk'^p(>-riq , paleness]. Choledochus {kol-ed'-okus) \_X'>''I% bile ;
I. Relating to chlorosis. 2. person af- A ^kxtndai, to receive]. Receiving or lioldini;
fected by chlorosis. bile. C, Ductus Communis, the com-
Chlorphenol [klor-fe'-iiol) \_x'Mo(wr, green ;
mon excretory duct of the liver and gall-
ipuivi^,purple-red], CÎI^Cl.OII. Mono- bladder.
chlorphenol, a substance j)ossessed of anti- Choleic {kol-e'-ik) {^x^Ûy bile], rertaiiiing
septic properties. It is recommended for in- to the bile.
halation in diseases of the respiratory pas- Cholelithiasis [kol-e-lith-i'-asis) [,t"'''/, bile;
sages. 'MUiii, a stone]. The presence of, or a con-
Chlorum (Ho^-rum) [jAo/)(5f, green]. The dition associated with, calculi in the gall-
official pharmaceutic name of chlorin. See bladder or in a gall-duct.
C/i/on'n. Cholemia {kol-c'-iiu-ah) \_xnf'},
bile dina, ;
Choana (/('^''-««-rt//) [;i:""'''/,

a funnel]. I. A blood]. The presence of bile in the blood.
funnel-like opening. 2. A name applied to Cholera [ko^-er-ah) \_x<>t-(i>'i ;
from X"^'lt
the posterior nasal orifices. bile]. I. A name
given to a number of acute
Chocolate {chok' - o - laf) [Mex. chocolatl, ,
diseases characterized mainly by large dis-
chocolate]. A
dried paste prepared from charges of fluid material from the UjwcI.s,
2. A synonym of
the powder of cacao-seeds (see Cacao) with vomiting, and collapse.
various mucilaginous and amylaceous ingre- C. asiatica. C. asiatica, an acute, specific,
dients. It is used to prepare a beverage, and highly malignant disease, existing in India
also as a vehicle, especially for quinin. and the tropics of Asia during the entire
Choked Disc {chokd disk). See Papillitis. year, and occasionally sjircading as an epi-
Cholagogue {kol' -ag-of^) {^X't^, bile (i/'-'/'H", ;
demic over large areas. It is char i
leading]. I. Stimulating the flow or the se- by vomiting, alvine discharges rt

cretion of bile. 2. Any agent that promotes flocculent rice-water, severe cramjis, ami col-
the flow of bile. lapse. The rate of mortality varies from lo
Cholalic Acid {kol-a'-lik) Cj^H.^Ô^. A de- ,
to 66 per cent. , the average heingoversoper
cent. The cause the comma bacillu.s of
composition product of glycocholic or tauro-
is
cholic acid, obtained when the latter is boiled Koch, which is always found in the rice-
with caustic potash, baryta water, or dilute water discharges. The germs commonly g.iin
entrance into the system by means of the drink
•
mineral acids. It is dextrorotatory, and is
colored blue by iodin. ing- water. C, Bilious, a

form of the <li>c.isr
attended with excessive discharge of bile.
Cholangitis ikol-an-ji' -lis) {x'^^, bile;
ojjeZoi', a vessel; niq, inflammation]. In- C, Chicken, a very fatal ei)idemic dise.ise
flammation of a bile-duct. of fowls, marked by tumefaction v>f the lyni
phatic glands,
with inflammation and uKi-ra
Cholecystectomy {kol-e-sis-tck' -to-!7ie) {^x^'^'U
bile; ci-ar/r, bladder t/cro/^', a cutting off].
;
tion of the digestive organs. C, English
Excision of the gall-bladder. See C. nostras. C, Epidemic. SMionym
Cholecystenterostomy {kol-e-sis-ten-ter-os'-
of C. asiatica. C, Hog, an infectious dis-
ease swine and characterized by a
to-me) [^YO'*"'/.
b'le ; Kiwr/f, a bladder h'Trpnv, ; attacking
with inlliimnm
intestine; aro^m, a. mouth]. The artificial patchy redness of the .skin,
establishment of a communication Ijetween lion and ulceration of llie bowels, cnlatL;''

nient of the abdominal glands, and con:;-
-
the gall-bladder and the intestine. ••
bile tion of the lungs. C. infantum, the i >
Cholecystitis {kol-e-sis-ti'-tis) {^X^'^V-^ ;
Inflam- mcr complaint" of infants and young ^ .:
/cii(TT-JC, bladder (r/f, inflammation].

;
dren; an .acute dise.n.se occurring in

w.mn
mation of the gall-bladder.
Weather, and characterized by p.Vm, yom;'
Cholecy stolithotr ipsy {kol- e- sis -to lith-ot'-
-
ami prostration. Ik* 1 •
rip-se) bile n'raTtr, a bladder

;
Mhq, ; purgation, fever,
\_x<>'t''l,
a stone to crush]. The crushing of tiie disease is
pmliably micio..
r/:;//3«i',
;
is favored iiy
the prolonged at. 1 1
of gall-stones in the gall-bladder.
I
CHOLERAIC CHOPART'S AMPUTATION
gether with errors in diet and hygiene. It is Choloidinic Acid {kol-oi-din'-ik), C^ÎIggO^.
most common among the poor and in hand- A decomposition product of cholalic acid.
fed babes. The of short duration,
disease is Chololith {kol'-o-lith) [,vo/.'/, bile; XSoq,
death frecjuently ensuing in from three to five stone]. A gall-stone.
days. C. morbus, an acute catarrhal inflam- Chondral [kon'-dra/] [xoi'<^poc, cartilage].
mation of the mucous membrane of the stom- to or
Cartilaginous ; relating composed of
ach and intestines, with pain, purging, vomit- cartilage.
'
ing, spasmodic contractions of the muscles, Chondrification [koii-drif-ik-a'-s/itiii) \^x6v-

etc. It is a disease of the heated term and The
J/joc, cartilage; facere, to make].
is very similar to Asiatic cholera in its
symp- process of being converted into cartilage.
tomatology. C. nostras, same as C. morbus. Chondrin i^kon'-driii) \_x6v^poQ, cartilage].
C. sicca, a term applied to those cases of A substance obtained frtm the matrix of
Asiatic cholera in which rice-water liquid is hyahne cartilage by boiling. It resembles
found in the intestines after death, though gelatin in general properties, but differs from
none had been voided during life. it in not
being precipitated by tannic acid.
Choleraic {kol-er-a'-ik) \_xu'îpa, cholera]. Chondritis [koii-dri'-fis) \_\''n(\i()r, cartilage ;
Pertaining to or resembling cholera. C. LTiq, Inllammation of a

intlammation].
Diarrhea, diarrhea characterized by a pro- cartilage.
fuse,exhausting discharge of watery material. Chondroblast (koii' -dro-blasf) \_x6v^poc. car-
Cholerine {kol' -er-eii) [dim. oi cholera']. A tilage ; /5/ia(77or, germ]. A cell of develop-
mild fonn of Asiatic cholera, or the initial ing cartilage.
stage of a more severe form. Chondrocostal {kon-dro-kos'-fal) [joi<'p"';,
Cholesteatoma {^kol-es-te-at-o' -inaJi) [.v^//, cartilage ; costa, a rib]. Relating to the ribs
bile (cholesterin) ; artap, fat ; 6//«,
tumor]. and their cartilages.
A teratoid tumor containing plates of ciioles- Chondrodendron (kondro-den'-dioii) [x'^r-
terin, epithelial cells, hair, and other dermal 6po(;, cartilage ; divi^pov, a tree]. A genus of
structures, and occurring most frequently in S. American menispermaceous climbing-
the brain. C. glaberrimum and C. tomen-
plants.
Cholesteremia, Cholesterinemia {kol-es- tosum are among tiie
plants that furnish
ter-e'-me-ak, kol-es-ter-in-e'-vie-aK) [jo/^, Pareira brava.
bile; arkip, fat; aiiia, blood]. The mor- Chondrogen {kon'-dro-Jett) [j<^'''V"'f, carti-
bid state resulting from the retention of lage ; -)i:vruv, to produce]. substance A
cholesterin in the blood. The condition is forming a part of the tissue of imperfectly
probably due to the retention of the bile- developed cartilage.
acids. Chondroma {kon-dro' -tnaJi) [;^;o1 J/jof, cartil-
Cholesterin {kol- es'
- ter- iti) [^lo?//, bile ; age ; 5//«, tumor]. A cartilaginous tumor.
ariap, fat], Q.,^\l^Ô, or C25H^.,0. A monat- Chondromalacia {kon
-
dro -
ma/- a^-sc-a/i)
omic alcoliol, a constituent of bile, gall- cartilage;
[Yoi'(5/jof, fia/MKia, softening].
stones, nervous tissue, yelk, and blood, and Softening of a cartilage. C. auris. .Same
sometimes found of fatty degeneration.
in foci as Hematoma auris.
It is a glistening, white, crj'stalline substance, Chondrosarcoma {kon
-
dro - sar - ko'- luafi)
soapy to the touch, crystallizing in fine nee- [\or(5/jo<-, cartilage ; aiipS., flesh ; 0//0, tumor].
dles and rhombic plates. It is insoluble in A tumor composed of cartilaginous and sar-
water, soluble in hot alcohol, ether, or comatous tissue.
chloroform. It is held in solution in the bile Chondrotome {kon' -dro-tdtii) [i-ort5/x;f, cartil-
by the bile-salts it is levorotatory.
; age ; Top.6(;, cutting]. An instrument for
Choletelin {kol-ef -el-hi) [jo?.^, bile ; -f/ôf , cutting cartilage.
completion], Cj^Hj^^NÔg. amorphous, An Chondrotomy {kon
-
drot'- o -
fiie) [,t cii'J/wf ,
soluble, yellow pigment derived from biliru- cartilage; Tipveir, to cut]. The division of
bin. It is the final product of the oxidation a cartilage.
of bile-pigments. It is readily soluble in Chondrus {kon' -dnes) [A'(î'V"'f> ^ grain ;
car-
alkalies, alcohol, and chloroform. tilage]. I. Irish Moss. The substance of
Choleuria {kol-e-u'-re-ah) [;t'o/i7/, ; ovpov, bile the algê C. crispus and C. mammillosus.
urine]. The presence of bile in the urine. These yield, on boiling with water, a soluble
Cholic [kol'-ik) [y"'''/. bile]. Pertaining to colloid consisting mainly of mucilage. This
the bile. C. Acid. See Add. is demulcent and somewhat nutrient. Dose
Cholin {kol'-iti) [;t-o^7, bile], C^Hi^NO^. A indefinite. Unof. 2. A cartilage ;
the ensi-
substance found among the products of the form cartilage.
decomposition of hog's bile and ox-bile. Chopart's Amputation. An amputation of
It is also found in the extracts of the supra- the consisting of
foot a disarticulation
renals, and is a product of the decomposition through the tarsal bones, leaving only the
of lecithin. OS calcis and the astragalus.
CHORDA CHOROIDOIRITIS
Chorda {kor'-dah) [I,.]. A cord, tendon, or Choremania - re ma' ne ah) [ <«p«<'«,
{^ko
a nerve-filament. C. dorsalis. See Nvto-
dancing ; fiuvia, madness]. Synunyu of
chord. C. tendinea, any one of the tendi- Clioromania.
nous strings connecting the papilUiry muscles '
Choriocapillaris {ko-reokap-il-a'ris)
of the heart with the
auriculovenlricular /«oi', skin; 'Ihe nc(*.,iN
aifilliis, a.
hair].
valves. C. tympani. See Nerves, Table of capillaries over the inner
of.
Chordee {kor-Jt-' ) \_x^^pMi, a cord]. portion of ihc
pain- A choroid coat of the eye.
ful curved erection of the
penis with concav- Chorioid {ko' -re-oid). See Choroid.
ity downward. The corpus spongiosum being Chorioidal {ko-re-oid'-al). .Sec Choroid.
infiltrated from urethral inllaunnatiou, does Chorioideremia {ko-reoidere' -meah). Srr
not with blood during erection, and so
fill
C/torotdereinia.
acts like a bow-string. Chorioiditis {ki/reoid-i'-lis). ^ccChurou,
Chorea (^ko-re'-ah) \_xopua, dancing]. St. iiis.
Vitu.s's dance. A functional nervous disorder, Chorion {ko'-re-on) \_x(>pan', fetal ni'
'
usually occurring in youth, characterized by The outermost of the fetal \i\,

irregular and involuntary action of the mus- formed from the vitelline membrane, ihe
cles of the extremities, face, etc., with false amnion, and the allaniois.
gen- Tbe cho
eral muscular weakness. Frequently a mi- rion lies between the amnion and tiicdeciduie
tral systolic murmur is heard, often hemic, and
(reflexa vera). C, Cystic Degenera-
but in a large proportion of cases due to en- tion of, a myxoma of the chorion, producing
docarditis, and there seems to be a close re- the so-called "hydatid mole." It isciiarattcr-
lation between the two diseases. Rheumatism ized by rapid increase in the size of the
often coe.xists. Chorea may be caused by a uterus, hemorrhage, often profuse, beginninjj
number of conditions, among which are fright during the second month of pregnancy, and
and reHex irritation. It affects girls about the discharge of small cysts, whitish in
ap
three limes as frequently as boys. Occasion- pearance, surrounded by bloody clots. These
ally a form of chorea is seen in the adult, cysts vary in size from a ])in'shea<l to a
and may becom.e a serious complication of filbert. C. leve, the membranous ]Mprtiwn i.f
pregnancy, resulting in the death of both fetus the chorion. C, Shaggy, or C. frondosum,
and mother. When it occurs late in life it the part covered by villi. It helps to form
generally resists treatment. C, Button- the placenta.

maker's, a form of chorea occurring in per- Chorionic {ko-re-on' -ik) [^;o/j(or, the cho-
sons employed in making buttons. C, rion]. Relating to the chorion.
Chronic. ^&t, C, Hiintingtoirs. C, Elec- Chorionitis {Jco-re-on-i' -lis). .See SeUro-
tric. See Diiliini's Disease. C, Epidemic, derma.
dancing mania. C, Habit. See Spasm. Choroid the chorion;
[ko'-roid\ \_xdpiov,
C, Hereditary. Ssc C, J/tinlingtoit's. C, eZ(!of, The
vascular tunic of tiie
likeness].
Hysteric. See C. Major. C, Hunting- eye, continuous with the iris in front and
ton's, an hereditary affection of adult or lying between the sclerotic and the retin.n.
middle life, characterized by irregular move- C. Plexus, a vascular plexus in the ventricles
ments, clisturl)ance of speech, and gradual of the brain.
dementia. C. insaniens, maniacal chorea; Choroideremia {koroid-er-e'-me-alt) [\6-
a grave form of chorea usually seen in the chorion; fMor, like ; f/>r/u/(i, deso-
/j/oi',
women, and associated with mania, and lation]. Absence of the choroid.
usually ending fatally. It may develnp dur- Choroiditis [ko-roid-i'dis) [ io/i/«r, the cho-
C, Maniacal. See C. rion irir, inflammation]. Iiiflaniniation of
ing [iregnancy. ;
insaniens. C. major, a form of hysteria the choroid coat of the eye. It may Ik.-
in which there are continual regular os- anterior, the foci of exudation being at the
the
cillatory movements. C, Mimetic, that periphery of the choroid ; or central,
which is caused by imitation. C.
minor, exudate being in the region of thr macuhi
simjile chorea. C, Posthemiplegic, C, lutea ditTuse or disseminated, char
;
icteriôl
Postparalytic, a form of involuntary move- by numerous round or irregular s|k>Is

» .h
ment seen in patients after an attack of hemi- tered over the fundus; exudative or non Mip
C, School-made, chorea resulting purative, when there are isolated foci of in-
plegia.
from overstimulation of children at school. flammation scattered over the chomid ;
C, Senile, a choreiform affection coming on metastatic, when due to embolism and ;
in old age. C, Sydenham's, ordinary chorea. su]ipiirative,

when proceeding to suppuration.
Choreic (kii-re'-ik) \_xoptia, dancing]. Rela- C. serosa. Synonym of G.'aueerna.
ting to, of the nature of, or alfccted with, Choroidoiritis (koroid-o iri'ti.<)
chorea. the chorion fif'of like J^xc. the
; , ;
1
Choreiform [ko-re' -if-oriti) [;i;ope/a, dancing; iTt^,inflammation]. Innammolion of the

choroid and the iris.
forma, form]. Resembling chorea.
14
I
CHOROIDORETINITIS CHVOSTEK'S SIGN
Choroidoretinitis [ko-roid o retin - V- tis) - -
C. trioxid or chromic acid, CnÔj, are much
[/i(i/«oi',
the chorion eWof like retina, the
; , ;
used in the manufacture of pigments and as
retina; /r/r, intiammation]. Choroiditis a caustic. All are poisonous. Potassium
associated with retinitis. C., Ametropic, dichromate (bichromate of potash), K^Cr„()„
that caused by ametropia. is used as a caustic, antemetic, and alterative ;
Choromania {ko-ro-ma' -ne-ah) \^X°P^^t ^ as a preserving agent for animal tissues, as a

dance ;madness].
fiufta, nervous dis- A reagent, and in battery-fluids.
order characterized by dancing or otlier Chromocytometer (kro - mo -Si- tivn' -el-er)
rliythmic movements epidemic chorea ;
; \_Xpi^li-a, color; KVToq, cell; f-UTjiov, a meas-
dancing mania. ure]. An instrument for estimating the
Christian Science {^/cris'
-te-an si' -ens). An proportion of hemoglobin present in the
alleged system of therapy ;
a form of faith- blood.
cure. Chromogen {kro' -tno-jen) \_xpiiiia, color ;
Christison's Formula. A formula for esti-
production].
)iftai(;, Any principle of the
mating the amount of solids in the urine : animal or vegetable economy which is sus-
Multiply the last two figures of the specific ceptible,under suitable circumstances, of be-
gravity expressed in four figures by 2.33 (or ing changed into a coloring matter.
by 2, Trapp ; or by 2.2, Lcebiscli). This Chromophane (kro'-mo-/dn) [jpw/za, color ;
gives the amount of solids in every 1000 (pah'Eiv, to
appear]. The pigment of the in-
parts. ner segments of the retinal cones of certain
Chromate {k)-o'-mat) \_xpiîia, color]. Any animals. There are at least three varieties,
salt of chromic acid. chlorophane, rhodophane, xanthophane.
Chromatic (kro-tiuit' -ik) \_xp<^no., color]. Chromophile [^kro'-mo-fil). Same as Chro-
Relating to or possessing color. C. Aber- mopJiiloits.
ration, a failure of a lens to bring to the focus Chromophilous [kro-nioff' -il-us) [jpw//o,
some of the color-rays into which white light color; (fiiAoc, loving]. Readily stained;
has been divided, due to the difierence in re- easily absorbing color.
frangibility of rays of different color. C. Chromophose \kro'-iiio-fds). See Phase.
Audition, luminous sensations aroused by Chromophytosis {iiro-ino-fi-to' -sis) [y/kj/zm,
sound. color; 0iirdv, a plant], microscopici. Any
Chromatin {kro'-inat-in') [jpw//a, color]. plant-growth that produces a discoloration of
The portion of the protoplasm of a cell that the skin in which it grows any pigmentary ;
takes the stain, forming a delicate reticular skin-disease caused by a vegetable parasite.
network or plexus of fibrils permeating the 2. A synonym of Tinea versicolor, or Eich-
achromatin of a cell. It is also called sledt's Disease.
karyomitome. Chronic (kron'-ik) [,Y/i(5i'of, time]. Long-

Chromatogenous(,^.»-i?-w<7/-^/'-f«-?«)[jpw//a, continued ;
of long duration opposed to ;
color; jfiTor, to beget]. Producing color. acute.

Chromatopsia [kro-titat-op'-se-a/i ) [ v/>w//n, Chronicity [kro -
nis' - it
-e) \_xpov(iq, time].
color ; 6i/'(f, vision]. A disorder of vision The state of being chronic or long-continued.
in which color-impressions arise subjectively. Chronograph [kro'-no-graf) [jporof, time ;
It may be due to disturbance of the optic cen- ypaoEiv, to write]. An instrument for graph-
ters, or to drugs, especially santonin. ically recording intervals of time, in physio-
Chromic [kro'-iiiik] \_xi><ûn, color]. Per- logic and psychophysic experiments.
taining to or made from chromium. C. Acid. Chrysarobin, or Chrysarobinum [kris-ar-
See Acid. or kris-ar-o-bi' -)iiu)i)\_xpi'Oeoq, golden;
0' -bin,
Chromidrosis [Ito- t/iid -
[^y/iw/â, ro'- sis) araroba (nat. East Ind), bark of a leguminous
color i(5/)Wf, sweat].
;
A
rare condition of tree], QijIL^gO,. A
reduction-product of
the sweat in which it is variously colored, be- chrysophanic acid; it occurs in goa-powder
ing bluish, blackish, reddish, greenish, or and araroba-powder. It is a yellow-colored
yellowi: h. Black stveat [Selwrrkaa nigri- powder, the product of the decay of Andira
cavs) occurs usually in hysteric women, the araroba, a Brazilian tree. It is a gastro-
lace being most often affected. It is associated intestinal irritant; locally and internally it is
with chronic constipation and is due to the useful in psoriasis, but stains the skin a dark
presence of indican in the sweat. /Hed sweat, yellowish-brown color. Dose, internally, gr.
hematidrosis, may be due to an exudation of \-\ (o.ooS-0.032). C, Ung., contains 10
blood into the sweat-glands, or to the pres- per cent, of the drug with 90 per cent, ben-
ence of a microorganism in the sweat. zoated lard.
Chromium (kro'-me-wn) \_xf>i>aa, color]. Chrysophanic Acid {kris-o-fan'-ik). See
Cr= 52.2 quantivalence II and l\'.
;
One of Acid.
the elements of the iron-group. The various Chvostek's Sign. See Tetany ; also Signs
salts of chromium, especially the derivatives of and Symptoms, Table of.
CHYLE CINXHONA
Chyle (/6?/) [xv'^ôc, juice]. Tlie milk-white the C. Apparatus, or tlie structure relate-l to
fluid absori)ed by the kcteals the uieciiaMi^m of acciiinriioilatinii. C.Arter-
during' di5,'es-
tioii. On standing, it
separates into a thin, ie.-., anterior, |>o^tcri(»r long, and piK>ienor
jelly-like clot and a substance identical with sho.». branches of the ophthalmic artery, sup-
serum. C. -corpuscle, any floating cell of
plying 'he recti nm.>i<l<»'-, the ciliary apj*-
the chyle. These cells resemble, and are falus.and the posterior structures of ihc cyr,
probably identical with, the colorless blood- with the e.KCeptifJu of the retina. .See Arte
corpuscles.. ric-s. Table of. C. Body, 1' le
-
Chylifaction {ki Ic -fak' slum) {cliyhts,
-
and processes. C. Canal, 1.. .ij- .
chyle ; faccrc, to make]. The fjrming of tana. C. Ganglion, the ganglion at ihe
chyle from food.
apex of the orbit, supplying the ciliary
Chyliferous (ki-lif'-er-us) \chyhis, chyle ; muscle and iris. C. Movement, movement
ferre, to carry]. Containing or carrying by means of vibratory cilia. C. Muscle,
chyle. the muscleof accommodation, the contraction
Chylification {Jii-le-fik-a'-shu)i) [,^v/'.(if, of which lessens the tension uimn the sus-
chyle; faicrc, to make]. The process by pensory ligament of the lens. C. Nerves,
which chyle is formed, separated and ab- branches of the ophthalmic ganglion sup-
sorbed by the villi of the small intestine. plying the anterior stniclures of the cyclxill
Chylodochium (Jiil-o-do'-kc-uni) \_xv'k6q, and the accommo«lalive a|)paratus. C.
chyle; rJoYf^'Ji', receptacle]. The receptacu- Neuralgia, neuralgic pain of the eye, brow,
lum chyli. temple,etc. C. Processes, circularly ar-
Chylopoiesis [ki-lo-poi-f' -sis) [jt"-^"?) chyle ; ranged choroiilal foldings continuous wiili the
TTotdv, to make]. Chyliflcation. iris in front. C. Region, the |>cricorncai
Chylopoietic (/f'/-/6»-/«-<f/'''-/X') [x'^'ôf. chyle; or "danger-zone," corres|K»nding to the
niiniv, to make]. Making or forming chyle. position of the ciliary bixly. C. Zone, the
Chylous (/Cv'-/«j-) [,t;vAdr, ciiyle]. Relating to ciliary proces.ses collectively.
or resembling chyle. Ciliated (sil'-ea-tcd) \iiliuni,
an eyelash].
Chyluria [ki-lu' -re-ah) [.f'ôf, juice; ovpoi>, Having cilia.
urine]. The passage of chyle in the urine. Ciliospinal (sil-e-o-s/'i'-niil) [^ciHunt, an eye-
It thought to be caused by a disordered
is lash ;spina, the sjiine]. Relating to the
condition of the lacteals, and is also connected ciliary zone and the spine. C. Center. .Sre
with the presence in the blood of Filaria Ceiitt')-.
sanguinis hominis, which blocks up the Cilium {sil' -c-uiii). [I..]. See Cilia.
lymph-channels. QAm^-x. {si' -iHiks') [L. ,

a bug]. .\ genus of
Chyme {^ki//i) [^''/'tlr, juice]. Food that has hemipterous insects. C. lectularius, the
undergone gastric digestion and has not yet common bed-bug.
been acted upon by the biliary, pancreatic, Cimicifuga {sim-is-efu'-gah') [./W.r, a bug;
and intestinal secretions. fugare, to drive away]. IJIack snakcriHU,
Chymification {^ki-ntc-fik-a' -shnii) [v/"^?. Black cohosh. The root of C. r(i,Ym,>s,t, itr\\.
chyme; facere, to make]. The change of Ranunculacea;. A stomachic, antisjjasmixlic,
food into chyme by the digestive process. aphrodisiac, expectorant, and diuretic. Its
Cicatricial {sik-at-rish'-al) \j:icatrix, a scar]. action on the heart is similar to that of digi-
It has been used in cardiac dise.Lscs,
Pertaining to or of the nature of a cica- talis.
trix. C. Deformities, abnormal contractions functional- imjiotence, cliDrea, and ovarian

caused by cicatrices. C. Tissue, a form of neuralgia. C, Ext., Fid. (alcoholic).
dense connective tissue, seen in cicatrices. Dose n\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). C. Ext., Liquid..
Cicatrix {sik-a' -triks) [L.]. A scar. The (H.P.). Dose n\,iij-xxx (0.2-2.0). C.
connective-tissue which replaces a localized Tinct., 20 per cent, in strength Dose 1\\v
loss of substance. Its color is usually whiti.-<h
f^j (1.0-4.0). Macrotin. (unof.), a
and glistening when old, red or purple when resinous extract. Dose gr 'i-ij (0.032-0.13).
newly -de veloi)ed. Cina {si'-nah) [L.]. the plant .Irfrmisin
Cicatrization [sik-at-riz-a' -shuii) \_cicatnx, a Sdiitoiiiia. See Santiviiai.
scar]. The process of healing. Cinchamidin {sifi-kiu// iJin) [</m.^.»m ,•
.Vn alkaloid fntiucntly

Cilia [sil'-e-ah) [PI. of cilium, the eyelid or aMi.li/i], C^,H.^„N.,0.
cinchonidin.
lash]. I. The eyelashes.
2. The locomotor present in commercial
Cinchona [from the Coun-
and prehensile organs of certain microorgan- {sinko'-iin'i)
Peruvian b.irk. The Iwirk of
isms. 3. The hair-like appendages of cer- tess Citii/u'iil.
tain the function of which several varieties of cinchona, a 1;
epithelial cells,
is to propel fluid or particles. the eastern slopes of the .\ndes, \\:
able being C. calisnya. t)lluT varieties nrr i .
Ciliary [sil'-e-a-re) [«//«/«, an eyelash].

I.
Re- suciirul'm, red bnrk, ('. ,\>n./.imitu,t, |«ile

Pertaining to the eyelid or eyelash.
2.
bark, C.pitnyenis, pitaya bark,

and (*. mii-mm'
lating to ciliary movement. 3. Pertaining to
CINCHONAMIN CIRCULATION
tha. Cinchona bark contains 21 alknloids, o' optic commissure from the termination of t/ie
which 4, quinin, cinchonin, quinidin, and c'li- corpus callosum to the tuber cinereum.
chonidin, are the most important. Cinchona Cinesia [sin-e'-se-a/i). See A'incsis.
has the same physiologic action and thevipeu- Cingulum {sing'-gu-hini) \_cingcir, to giid].
tic uses as its chiet aikaioiu, vjuinm. See 1. A girdle or zone ; the waist. 2. Herpes
Quinin. It is also an astringent, bitter and zoster, or shingles.

stomachic tonic, stimulating appetite and pro- Cinnabar [sin'-ah-ar) [/c/ri'd/^r//)/,
a pigment].
moting digestion, beneficial in atonicdyspepsia Mercuric sulphid, HgS.

and adynamia, but especially useful in malarial Cinnamene [sin-am'-e/i). See SfyroL
affections. C, Decoctum (B. P.). Dose Cinnamic [sin-am' -ik) [^Kivva/uj/iov, cinna-
f5J-ij (32.0-64.0). C, Ext. Dose gr. j-v mon]. Pertaining to or derived from cinna-
(0.065-0.32). C, Ext., Fid. Dosen^x-f.5j
mon. C. Acid. See Acid.
C, Ext., Liquidum (B. P.). Cinnamomum, or Cinnamon [sin-ain-o'-
(0.65-4.0).
Dose n\, v-x (0.32-0.65). C, Infusum, inn/n, or sin'-am-on)\_Kivvd^wfiov, cinnamon].
bark 6, arom. sulph. acid i, water, 93 parts. The inner bark of the shoots of several species
Dose f 5 j-f^j (4.0-32.0). C, Infus. acidum of Ciniianioniuvi, native to Ceylon and China,
(B.P.).' Dose f3J-ij
(32.0-64.0). C, the latter being known in commerce vmder
Tinct., 20 per cent, of the bark. Dose f 5 ss- the name of cassia. Its projierties are due to
ij (2.0-8.0). C, Tinct., Comp., Huxham's a volatile oil. It is an agreeable carminative
Tincture, bark 10, bitter-orange peel 8, and aromatic stimulant, used for flatulence,
serpentaria I, alcohol 80 parts. Dose f 3J- colic, enteralgia, etc. C, Aqua, 2 parts
f^ ss (4.0-16.0). of oil 1000 of water.
in Dose f.^j-ij
Cinchonamin [sin-kon'-ain-i)i) [cinchona ; (32.0-64.0). C, Ext. Aromat., Fid.,
ci/iiin'\, Ciyll.^^NjO.An alkaloid of cuprea contains aromatic powder 10, alcohol 8
bark. occurs
It in glistening, colorless crys- parts. Dose Tr\^x-xxx (0.65-2.0). C,
tals that are nearly insoluble in water, and Oleum, the volatile oil. Dose gtt. j-v
Init slightly soluble in ether. (0.065-0.32). C, Pulv., Comp. (B. P.),
Cinchonicin [sin-kon'-is-in) [^cinchoiia']^ Cg- cinnamon bark, cardamom seeds, and ginger.
1I.,^N.^(X
An artificial alkaloid derived from Dose gr. iij-x (0.2-0.65). *-., Spt., 10
cinchonin. per cent, of the oil in spirit. Dose TTLv-xxx
Cinchonidin [sin/con' -id-in), Cj^HîN.Ô. (0.32-2.0). C, Tinct., 10 per cent, of the
An alkaloid derived from cinchona. It is a powdered bark in alcohol. Dose f^ss-ij
crystalline substance resembling quinin in (2.0-8.0). Pulvis aromaticus, aromatic
general properties. C. Salicylate (unof.) has jiowder, cinnamon, aa 35, cartlaniom, nut-
decided antiperiodic properties. C. Sul- meg, aa 15. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0).
phate, (C.ôH„N.,0).^H.,S(\.3HÔ, less bitter Circle [sir'-kl) [^//j/cof, a circle].
A ring;
than quinin and valuable as an antipyretic. a line, every point of which is equidistant
I)ose gr j-xx (0.065-1.3) or more. from a point called the center. C. of Diffu-
Cinchonin sion. See Diffusion. C. of Haller. i.
[sin^-ko-niii] \^cinc/iona'\, C,,,II,_,.,-
N.,0. An alkaloid derived from cin-

official The ]5lexus of vessels formed by the short
chona. a colorless, crystalline body, simi-
It is ciliary arteries upon the sclerotic, at the en-
lar to quinin in therapeutic effects, but less trance of the optic nerve. 2. The circulus
active. C. Sulph., (C,3H.,.,N.,0).,II.,S0,.- vcnosus mammce situated beneath the areola

It is soluble with ditficulfy in water, of the nipjile. C. of Willis, the arterial
2H./).
but soluble in acidulated water. Dose gr. anastomosis at the base of the lirain. formed
v-x XX (0.32-2.0). by the anterior communicating artery between
Cinchonism [sitt'-ko-niztn) [cinc/ioiia'\. The the anterior cerebral arteries, the internal
effect of cinchona or its alkaloids carotids and middle and posterior cerebral
systemic
when given in full doses. The symptoms arteries, and the posterior communicating
piroduced are a ringing in the ears with
deaf- arteries.
ness, headache, giddiness, dimness of sight, Circular Insanity. See Insanity.

and a weakening of the heart's action. Circuit [sir' -kit) [ciiruitus, a going round].
Cinchonize [sin' -ko-niz) \cinchona\. To The course of an electric current.
bring under the influence of cinchona or its Circulation [sir-ku-la'-shttn) \circtdatio, a
alkaloids. circular course]. Passage in a circle, as the
Cincture [sini:;k'-ti'ir) \_cinctui-a,
a girdle]. C. of the blood. C, Collateral, that
A belt or girdile.C. -feeling, a sensation as taking jilace through branches and second-
if the waist were encircled by a tight girdle. ary channels after stoppage of the principal
Cinerea [sin-e'-re-ak] [ciiiereus, ashen]. The
route. C, Fetal, that of the fetus, includ-
gray substance of the brain, spinal cord, and ing the circulation through the placenta
ganglia. C, Lamina, a thin layer
of gray and umbilical cord. C, First, or Primi-
substance extending backward above the tive, that of the embryo, a closed system.
CIRCUM- CLAUSTRLM
carrying nutriment and oxygen to the em Cirsoid
[*//iff<ir. a varix
{sir'-soiJ) i„W,
bryo. C, Placental, the fetal circulation. ;
form]. Resembling a varix, or dilated vein.

C, Portal, the passage of the blood from Cirsomphalos {sirsorn'/alos) [Kiftoor, van*
the gastrointestinal tract and ;
spleen through 6/i<pa?.6(:, navel]. A varicose condition of

the liver, and its exit by the hepatic vein. C, the navel.
Pulmonary, the circulation of blood through Cistern {sis^-tent) [ds/i-rna, a vessel ; rccep.
the lungs by means of the pulmonary A
artery tacle]. I. reservoir. 2. dilatation Any
and veins, for the purpose of oxygenation and of the space between the
pia and arachnoid.
purification. C, Second, the fetal circula- C. of Pequet, the
receptaculum chyli.
tion, replacing the omphalomesenteric system. Citrate {sit' -nit) {citrus, citron Uee]. Any
C, Systemic, the general circulation, as saltof citric acid.
distinct from the pulmonary circulation. C, Citric (sit'-rik)
{citrus, citron
tree]. Per-
Third, that of the adult. C, Vitelline, taining to or derived from lemons or citrons.
first, or primitive circulation. C. Acid. See Acid.
Circum- {sir^-kiim-) [L.]. A prefix mean- Citrine {sit'-rin) {citrus, a
Yellow;
lemon].
ing around, about. of a lemon-color. C. Ointment. Sec Hy-
Circumcision {sir-kum-sizh' -im>^ \circum, drat-gyrum.
around aedere, to cut]. The removal of the
; Citrus {sit'-rus) [L.]. A genus of auranti-
foreskin. aceous trees. See Aurantium, Bergamol,
Circumduction [sir-kmn diik' -shiiii) \_ri)rii»i, Lime, Lemon.
around ditcere, to lead].
; The movement Cladosporium cancerogenes{//a//-t»-j|/V>'-r/-
of a limb in .such a manner that its distal part
ki:n-scr-oJ'-cii-cz). A fundus said to Inr the
tiin
describes a circle, the proximal end being cause of carcinoma; also termed
cancerumyccs.
fixed. Cladothrix {klad'-o-thriks) [d/riflor, l)ranch ;
Circumflex kum-fleks) \circiim, around

[xij-' ; ''/»;, a hair]. A genus of bacteria iinving
flectere, to bend]. Winding around. The' k)ng, apparently branching lilamcnts.
name given to a number of arteries, veins, Clamp {Iclainp) [tier., Klaiiipi\ An instru-
and nerves, on account of their course. ment for compressing the parts in surgical
Circumscribed {sir' -kiim-skrlbd) \_ci)riiii!, operations to ]irevent hemorrhage, etc.
around scribere, to write].
; Strictly limited Clap {kl(tp) [OF., cliipoir, a venereal sore].
or marked off; well defined ; distinct from Oonorrhea. C. -threads, slimy tiircads con-
surrounding parts, as a circumscriljed inHam- sisting of mucus and pus-cells in the urine of
mation or tumor. gonorrheid patients.
Circumvallate {sir-kum-val'-at^ [liiriim, Claret [k/ar'-ct) {clurus, clear]. \ light
around ; vaUuin, wall]. Surrounded by a wine of a red color.
wall or prominence. C. Papillae, certain Clarify klar'-if-i) {clarus, clear; faccrt, to
papill.e at the base of the tongue. mike]. To free a liquid or solution from
Cirrhosis (sir-o' -sis) [^K/ppdc, reddish-yellow ; iiisolulile sul)5tances; to make clear.
from the color of the cirrhotic liver]. {klas mat'
- •
Clasmatocyte o-slt) [k/hit/i,
Chronic inflammation of an organ character- fragment; Khrn^, cell]. A form of very
ized by an overgrowth of the connective tis- large connective-tissue corpuscles that tend
sue. CAtrophic, a form of cirrhosis of
the liver occurring in hard drinkers, charac-
to break u]3 into granules or pieces.
Clasp [kidsp) [MK., claspcn, to grasp finnly].
terized by great overgrowth of the intersti- C. -knife Rigidity, a spastic condition of a
tial substance with atrophy of the paren- limb, as a result of which extension is cf>m-
chyma. C, Biliary, a form of cirrhosis of pleted with a "spring," as in a knife-blade. It

the liver due to chronic retention of bile from is met with in the cerebral jialsies of children.
"
»
long rf)ntinued obstruction in the bile-diicts. Clathrocystis {klaih-ro-sis'-tis .
f
C, Hypertrophic, a form of cirrhosis in trellis ;

pouch]. A genu>^
Krrrric, r-
which the liver is permanently enlarged. The ganisms with round or oval cell.s, loiining
disease is probably infectious and is character- zooglea; in the form of circular layers.
ized by an overgrowth of the connective tis- Claudication [c/ino-dic-a'-s/iun) {c.'iiu /ictin,
sue which has no tendency to contract. C, to limp]. Lameness. C, Intermittent, a
Periportal, atrophic cirrhosis, so-called be- spasmodic lameness due to imivrfecl circuhi
cause the hyperplasia of the connective tis- tion in the muscles of the lower limbs.
sue follows the portal vessels. Claustrophilia {klnics tro-fil'-f ,,•*> f //?»/'<•>»,
a bolt (fiilrh; to
Af- .\ i 'f
Cirrhotic {sir-o/'-ik) [lappoq, yellow]. ; love].
fected with, or relating to, cirrhosis. C. an open door; it is noted In
•/-
Kidney, chronic interstitial nephritis. Claustrophobia i ;•.'./..•.
a varix t/rrf, to sluit Icni M.m i-m mvin-ss

Cirsocele (sir'-so-s^/) [/iV/jrrof,
; ii//?^>/, ; tfiii.iiir, |.
A varicose tumor, especially of the at being in a room or confined sp.icc.

tumor]. to shut].
Claustrum [k/mtis'/rum)
spermatic cord. {cliiiidfrf,
CLAVICEPS CLONUS
A layer of gray matter in the cerebrum to Climacteric or kli-niak'-
{kli-viak-tcr^-ik,
the outer side of the lenticular nucleus. ter-ik) the round of a ladder].
\_K/jf2aKT//f>,
.Claviceps [klav'-h-e/>s) \clava, club caput,
;
A period of the lifetime at which the system
head]. A genus of fungi. C. purpurea, was believed to undergo marked changes.
the fungus producing the ergot of rye. These periods were thought to occur every
Clavicle {J:lav' -ikl^ \clavicida ; davits, a seven years. The word is now generally ap-
key]. The collar-bone. plied to the menopause. C. Age, puberty;
Clavicular [kla-vik'-ii-Iar) \_fiaviis, a key]. also in women the time of cessation of the
Relating to the clavicle. catamenia. C. Epoch. Same as C. Age.
Clavus [i'/a^-vus) [clavus, a nail, a wart, a C, Grand, the 63d year.
corn]. Corn; a hyperplasia of the horny Climatology iykli-mat-ol'-o-je) \_Kli/in, climate,
layer of the epidermis, in which there is an a clime ; /iof, science]. The science of
ingrowth as well as an outgrowth of horny climate.
substance, forming circumscribed epidermal Clinic (^klin'-ik) \_k7.ivik6(;, pertaining to a
thickenings, chietly about the toes. Corns bed]. I. Medical instruction given at the
may be hard or soft, the latter being situated bedside, or in the presence of the patient
between the toes, where they are softened by whose symptoms are studied and whose treat-
maceration. Both forms are due to pressure ment is considered. 2. A gathering of in-
and friction. C. hystericus, a local pain in structors, students, and patients, for the study
the head, as if a nail were being driven in. and treatment of disease.
Claw [k/aw) [AS., clazvn, a claw]. C. -hand, Clinical [k/iii'-ik-al) [KkLviKoc, pertaining to
a condition of the handcharacterized by over- a bed]. Relating to bedside-treatment, or
extension of the first phalanges and extreme to a clinic.
flexion of the others. The condition is a re- Clinoid [kli'-noid^ \jCA'ivri, a bed f ZJof, like- ;
sult of atrophy of the interosseous muscles, ness]. Resembling abed applied to sundry ;
with contraction of the tendons of the com- bony structures of the body, as the clinoid
mon extensor and long flexor. (French, processes, plate, walls, etc.
main-cn-griffe. ) Cliseometer [k/is-e-oni'-c-ter) [hZ/rr/r, inclin-
Clearing {kler'-ing) [clarus, clear]. C. ation ; fitrpov, a measure]. An
instrument
Agent, a substance used in microscopy to for measuring the degree of inclination of the
render tissues transparent and suitable for pelvic axis.
mounting. Clitoridectomy [klit-or-id-ek' -to-me') [K/,e<r-
Cleavage {kh'-vaj) [AS., cleofan, to split op(f, clitoris ; f/cro////, excision]. Excision of
asunder]. I. The linear clefts in the skin the clitoris.
indicating the general direction of the fibers. Clitoris {^kHt'-or-is)\K7EiTo()'iq.cX\Xax\s\. The
They govern to a certain extent the arrange- homologue in the female of the penis, at-
ment of the lesions in skin-diseases. The tached to the ischiopubic rami by two crura or
lines of cleavage run, for the most part, branches, which meet in front of the pubic
obliquely to the axis of the trunk, sloping from joint to form the body, or corpus. It pos-
the spine downward and forward ;
in the sesses erectility. C. Crises, paroxysms of
limbs they are mostly transverse to their sexual excitement in women suifering from
longitudinal axis. 2. A mode of cell-division. tabes.
Cleft {kUft) [Icel., kliift, a cleft]. Divided. Clivus [k!i'--L'iis) [I,.,
a slope]. Aslope. C.
A fissure. C. Palate, a congenital fissure ossis, or C. of Blumenbach, the slanting
of the palate. C. Sternum, congenital surface of the body of the sphenoid bone be-
fissure of the sternum. tween the sella turcica and the basilar pro-
Cleft, Visceral, or Branchial. The four slit- cess of the occipital bone.
like openings on each side in the cervical re- Q,\oa.ca. [klo-a'-kak] [c7()(^7(77,
a sewer], i. In
gion in the fetus, sometimes called the early fetal life, the common orifice of the in-
Branchial openings. The slits close (in the testine and the allantois. 2. A fistulous tract
human fetus), except the upper, from which in bone discharging pus from a sequestrum.
are developed the auditory meatus, tympanic Clonic [kton'-ik) \_K7<ivoq, commotion]. Ap-
cavity and Eustachian tube. plied to convulsive and spasmodic conditions
Cleido- [kli'-do-) [hVif/f the clavicle]. A of muscles characterized by alternate contrac-
prefix, meaning pertaining to the clavicle. tions and relaxations.
Cleptomania [^klcp-to-ma' -ne-afi). See Klep- Clonus [klo'-nits) [kAovoq, commotion].
A
tomania. series of movements characterized by alter-
Clergyman's Sore-Throat. A
chronic hy- nate contractions and relaxations a clonic ;
pertrophic form of pharyngitis, with more or spasm. Involuntary, reflex, irregular con-
less enlargement of the tonsils and lymph- tractions of muscles when put suddenly upon
follicles of the posterior wall, due to exces- the stretch. According to the part affected,
sive or improper use of the voice. the phenomenon is spoken of as ankle, foot,
CLOQUET COCAIN
rectus, or wrist C. ,
etc. See Reflexes, Tabic duct in the mnnufacture of
illuinina(in(;gas ;
of. a black, viscid (lui<l of a t!
it is
tic
Cloquet, Canal of. See Canals, Table of. and di.sagrceal)le odor. The
s|x ity
Clostridium a
[/c/os-trid'-e-ii»i) [K/.unrini, ranges from i.ioto 1.20. Its .
,n
spindle]. A genus of bacteria, from
differinj; is
extremely complex, and its >n-
pn: ,
_
bacilli in the fact that their .spores are formed stituents are separated, one from the
other, by
in enlarged rods. means of fractional distillation.
Closure [^klo'-zur) '[clausura, a closing]. The Coalescence {koales'ens) WoaUtcere, to
act of completing or closing an electric cir-
grow together]. The union of two or more
cuit.
parts or things.
Clot (/•/()/) [AS.,r/r/A-, a l)ur]. A peculiar Coaptation {ko-ap-ta'-shuti) [r-«//, (ojjetlicr ;
solidification of the blood, such as takes The proper union or adjust-
aptarc, to fit].
])!ace when it is shed. It is due to the ment of the ends of a fractured
l>une,thcli|is
formation of tibrin which entangles the blood of a wound, etc.
corjDuscles and, contracting, squeezes out the Coarctate (ko-ark' -tat) [coarcftire, to press
liquid portion of the blood. together]. Crowded together.
Cloudy Swelling. Parencliymatous degener- Coarctation {ko-ark-ta'-shiiu) [conrefare, to
ation a swelling up of the elements of a
;
put together]. A
compression of the walls
tissue, with the formation in them of fine of a vessel or canal, narrowing orcloîng the
granules due to the change of soluble albu- lumen; reduction of the normal or previous
minates into insoluble. volume, as of the jiulse ; shrivelling and con-
Clove {klov). See Caryophyllus. C. -Hitch sequent detachment, as of the retina. A
Knot, a form of double-knot in which two stricture.
successive loops are made close to one Coarse [kors) [ME., Not fine;
coursel.
another on tlie same piece of cord or band- gross. C. Adjustment. Sec Adjintmenl.
age, a half-twist being given to the junction C. Features of Disease, macroscopic or-
of each loop at the time of making it. ganic lesions, such as swelling, hemorrli.ige,
Clownism (^klown' -iziii) [Icel., klitnni, a etc.
boorish fellow]. That stage of hystero- Coat (kot) [cottits, a tunic]. A cover, or mem-
epilepsy in which there is an emotional dis- brane covering a part or substance. C,
play and a remarkable series of contortions. Buffy, the upper fibrinous layer of the clot
Club-foot. See Talipes. C.-hand, a de- of coagulated blood, characterized by its jKilc
formity of the hand similar to that of club- color, due to absence of red cor|>usclcs.
foot. Cobalt [/iohoU. a German mytho-
[ko^-ba7C'lt)
Clubbed Fingers [klubd fin'-gcrz). Knobbed logic gol)lin]. A
tough, heavy metal havinj;
deformity of the finger-tips, with curvature some of the general properties of iron. lis
of the nails over the finger-ends seen in ;
oxids have been employed in medicine, but
some cases of pulmonary and cardiac disease. are now very little used. .See Elenitnts,
Clyster [klis'-ter) \_KA.vaTijp,

an injection]. Table of.
An enema. Coca iyko'-kah'). See Erythroxyhm.
Coagulated (ko-ag'-u-la-ted) \^coa<:iilare, to Cocain {ko'-kah-in, or ko'-kiin) [.S. A., av./],
curdle]. Clotted curdled. C. Proteids, a
; Ci^H^jNO^. The chief alkaloi.l of Frv-
class of proteids produced by heating solu- throxylon coca. It is at first stimulant and
tions of egg-albumin or serum-albumin up afterward narcotic, and resembles calTein in

to 70° C. or higher. At the body-temperature its action on the nerve centers, and alropin in
they are readily converted into peptones by its effects on the respiratory and circulatorv
the action of the gastric juice in an acid organs. Its long-continued use (cocainliabii )
medium, or of pancreatic juice in an alkaline is followed by insomnia, decay of moral and
medium. intellectual power, emaciation, and death.

It is a local anesthetic when api)lied to the
Coagulation [ko-ag-u-la' -shmi) \coagulatio,
a clotting]. The formation of a coagulum surface of mucous membranes or given hy-
or clot, as in blood or in milk. podermically. Applied to the ronjuncliv.-*
Coagulative {ko-ag'-n-la-tiv) \coagulare, to of the eye it causes also dilatation of the
of the function of accom-
curdle]. Causing or marked by coagulation. pupil and paraly.sis
C. Necrosis. See Necrosis. modation. Dosegr. 's-ij («• <>"•>> *^ ' »V C,
Coagulum {^ko
-
ag'-u-hivi) \cpagiilare. to Ceratum, i in 30, for iunns, etc. C. Citras,
A
clot. The mass of fibrin, enclos- used to stop toothache. C. Hydrochloras.
curdle].
most commonly usc<l for local
ing led and colorless corpuscles and serum, C„n.,,N< ),CI,
that forms from the blood after the latter has anesthesia in 2-S per cent, solution. l>o<c,
C. Hy-
been drawn from the body. Also, the curd inlernallv.gr. '(^-ij (o.<xi.S-o.i;0.
of milk, and the insoluble form of .albumin. drochlorat.. Liquor {P.. 1". »'^^'-
'n'l «
) I
Coal {kol) [MIC, (•,'/,]. C.-tar, a bypro- (o. i3-o.(>5). Injcctio C. Hydrochlorat.
COCAINISM COFFEE
Hypoderm. ;
i in 20. C, Lamellae (B. of plant lice, Coccus cacti, parasitic upon a
P.), each containing gr. j^^ (0.00065) of cactus of Mexico and Central America. It
cocain hydroclilorate. C. Oleas, a 10 per contains a rich red coloring-matter, carmin,

cent, solution in oleic acid, for external use. used mainly as a dyeing agent. It is thought
C. Phenas or Carbolas, a topic application to be valuable in whooping-cough. Dose gr.
in catarrlis and in rheumatism, used as a five (
(0.02).
to ten per cent, alcoholic solution also in- ; Cochlea [kok'-le-ah) [K"o;|'?.of, a conch-shell].
ternally. Dose, gr. Jj-jt (0.005-0.016). A cavity of the internal ear resembling a
Cocainism [ko~ka'-in-iz/>i) [S. Amer., coca']. snail-shell. It describes two and a half turns
The cocain-habit. about a central pillar called the modiolus or
Cocainization {ko ka in- iz- a'- shiDt) [S.
- -
columnella, forming the spiral canal, about
Amer., coca]. The bringing of the system lj4. inches in length. See also Ear.
or organ under the influence of cocain. Cochlear, or Cochleare {kok'-le-ar, or kok-
Coccacese {^kok-kas'-e-e^ {kokkoc, a kernel]. Ic-a'-re)[L.]. A
spoon; a spoonful. C.
A group of schizomycetous fungi, or bacteria, magnum, a tablespoon; C. medium, a
including as genera the Micrococcus, Sar- dessert-spoon C. minimum, a teaspoon.
;
cina, Ascococcus, and Leuconostoc. Cockroach [kok' -rock ). See Blatta.

Coccidiosis {kok-siJ-i'-o-sis) [ô/cKof a berry , ;
Coco {ko' -ko"). Synonym of Yaws. See
disease].
I'ofTof, The group of symptoms Erainbesia.
produced by the presence of coccidia in the Coco, or Cocoa [ko'-ko') [Port., cacao]. See
body. Cacao and Theobroma .
Coccidium {kok-sid'-e-niit) [/co/i7cof,

a berry]. Cod [kod) [ME., cod]. The Gadm inor-
A genus of protozoans, by some referred to r/iua, a fish furnishing C. -liver Oil, an oil
as the so-called psorosperms (see Psoro- derived from the liver of the Gadus niorrhua,
sperm). C. oviforme has been found in in- and ranging in color according to the method
testinal epithelium, and in the liver of man, of preparation from pale-straw to dark-
its
and often in the liver of the rabbit. True brown its specific gravity is .923 to .924 or
;
coccidia are nonmotile cell-parasites. C. even .930 at 15° C. See Morrhua.

sarkolytus, the name given by Adamkie- Codein {ko'-dc-in) [Kudeia, the poppy-head],
wicz to the so-called parasite of carcinoma. C|JI.^,N(\H./). A white, crystalline alka-
Coccinella [kok-sin-el'-ak). See Cochineal. loid of opium reseml'ling morphin in action,
Coccobacteria {kok-obak-te' -re-ah') \k6kko(^, but being weaker. It is used in cough
a kernel ; jSaKri/fi/ov, a little rod]. The rod- and in diabetes mellitus. Dose gr. s.s-ij
like or spheroidal bacteria found in putrefy- (0.032-0.13). C. Phosphate, soluble in
ing liquids, and called C. septica. See water. It is similar to morphin in action, but
Bacteria, Table of. less toxic. FJose, hypodermicaliy, gr. ss

Cocculus indicus (kok'-ti-lus in' dic-us). (0.032). C. Sulphas, dose gr. yb-% (o.oi-
The dried fruit of Anainirta cocculus. It is an 0.016). C. Valerianate, an antispasmodic
active narcotic poison. It is employed as a and sedative. Dose gr. '4^ (0.016).
destroyer of vermin. See Picroto.xin. Cceliac [se'-le-ak). See Celiac.
Coccus (y(v/''-//.f) [ômcor, a berry] I. genus
. A Cceliotomy {sc-le-ot'-o-nie). See Celiotomy.
of insects containing C. cacti the cochineal
, Coelom, Cceloma [se'-loni, sc-lo'-iiiah ) See .
insect. 2. A spheric bacterium, a micro- Celoni.

coccus. Ccenesthesis [ên-es-the'-sis').
See Cenesthe-
Coccydynia {kok-se-din'-c-ali). See Coccy- sis.
côdynia. Ccenurus (.f^-;/;7;'-//.f)[/io/rof, common ofpn, ;
Coccygeus {kok-sij'-c-iis) \^k6kkv^, cuckoo]. tail]. The larva of Tenia canurus {\\A\Cn&r\-
One of the pelvic muscles. See Muscles, meister), producing the disease of sheep
Table of. called staggers. C. cerebralis, an hydatid
Coccygodynia {kok-sig-o-din' -e-ah) \k(jkkv^, found mainly in the brain and spinal canal
cuckoo; o(5i'i7/, pain]. Pain referred to the of the ox and sheep (mostly in young ani-
region of the coccyx ; confined almost ex- mals). Occasionally it has lieen discovered
clusively to women who have given birth to in the muscles of man. It is known to
children. be the larva of the tapeworm, tania
Coccyx {^kok'-sik^') \kokkv^, the cuckoo (re- cncnurus.
seml)ling the bill) ]. The last bone of the Coffee {kof'-e). See Caffea. C. -ground
spinal column, formed by the union of four Vomit, ejected by emesis in
the material
rudimentaiy vertebrre. gastric carcinoma and other conditions tliat
Cochin Leg [ko'-chin). Synonym of Ele- give rise to a slow hemorrhage into the
phantiasis arabum. stomach. It consists of blood changed by
Cochineal (kocld-i)i-el. or kocli-in-el' ) [ME., the action of the gastric juice, and mixed
cutchaneal]. The dried insects of a species with other contents of the stomach.
COGWHEEL BREATHING COLLAGEN
Cogwheel Breathing or Respiration. A Fid. Dose
Ti\,ij-x (0.13-0.65). C. Rad.,
type of breathing characterized liy a jerky, Vinum, 40 per cent, in strength. I »ijsc t^v -
wavy inspiration. XV (0.32-1.0). C.Sem.. Ext., Fid. D.-,«
Cohabitation {ko-hab-it-a' -shiin) \_con, to- ny-v (0.065-0.32). C. Sem., Vinum, 15
gether ;habitare, to dwell]. The living per cent, in strength. Dose n\,x-.\xx (m/,; -
together of a man and woman, with or with- 2.0). C, Tinct., |irepared from the
out legal marriage sexual connection. Dose n\_x-xxx (o, .j-
;
strength 15 per cent.
Cohesion {ko-he'-zhun) \cohierere, to stick 2.0). C, Vinum Dose ny^x-xxx
(B. I'.).
together]. The force whereby molecules of (0.65-1.3).
matter adhere to each other the attraction Cold i. The compara-
;
{kold) [AS., ceald\
of aggregation. tive want of heat. 2. A term u
Cohnheim's Areas. See Area. C. Fields. larly for coryza and catarrlial con.;
See Cohnbeim's Areas. C. Frog. See the respiratory tract. Cold is ein|>I.iy.:,i
Salt-frog. C. Theory, a theory that all true largely in various forms as a thcra|
•
tumors are due to faulty embryonal develop- the

agent, mainly for j>urpose of low
ment. The embryonal cells do not undergo temperature and allaying irritation and m
the normal changes, are displaced, or are flammation. It may be u.sed in the form of
superfluous. When the favorable condi- affusion, that is, the sudden ap|ilicaiion of a
tions are presented later in life they take on considerable volume of cold water lo the
growth, with the formation of tumors of va- body. Cold may be used as an anesthetic
rious kinds. in baths (see Bath) ; in the form <jf
Cohosh [ko'-Ziosb) [Am. Ind ].
A name compresses applied over the affected (Kirt ;
given to several medicinal plants. C, Black. in the form of irrigation, especially in

See Ciniicifuga. the treatment of bruised and injured niciii-
Coil [koil) [^colligere, to gather together]. bers ;as a lotion, for the pur|)ose of reliev-
A spiral formed by winding. C. -gland. ing local heat, pain, and swelling; as an in-
See Sweat-gland. C, Induction, rolls of jection, in the form of ice-water, into tlie
wire used to produce an electric current vagina or rectum, for various conditions and ;
by induction. C, Leiter's. See Letter's as the cold pack, which is a valuable means
Tubes. of reducing the body-temperature in cases of
Coin-test [koin^-tesf). See Tympany, Bell. hyperpyrexia. Cold may be applied in the
Coition [ko-ish' -iin)\_eoire, to come together]. dry form by means of the ice-cap or bladder,
Same as Coitus. an india-rubber bag filled with ice, snow, or
Coitophobia [ko-it-o-fo'-be-ab) [eoire, to a freezing mixture. C. Abscess. Sec
come together; f/)6/?of, fear]. Morbid Abscess. C. Cream. See Kosa. C. Pack.
dread of coitus from disgust or dyspareu- See Pack. C. Sore, herpes labialis.
nia. Colectomy (^kolek' -to-vie) [koZ/m-, colon ;
Coitus [kfl^-if-!ts) [coire,
to come together]. 'nK-ronii, cutting out]. Excision of a portion
The act of sexual connection ; copulation. of the colon.
Coko Disease [ko'-ko dis-ez'). A name ap- Colic (koF-i/:) [w/<K(5f, pertaining to the
I. Pertaining to the colon. 2. A
plied in the V\]\ Islands to a disease resem- colon].
bling yaws. severe griping pain in the bowels, due to
Cola (ko'-laJi). See Kola-niit. spasm of the intestinal walls also any severe
Colchicin (kol' -chis-iti) [K:o^j(Kdi',colchicum], spasmodic pain in the alidomon.
;
Bili- C
C|-H(,,N()-. An alkaloid of colchicum it ; ary, that due to the passage of a gall >l..ne
is a pale, brownish-yellow, exceedingly bitter through the gall ducts. C. Devonshire.
powder, freely soluble in water. It is a very Synonvm of C, Lead. C, Hepatic. S<v
active poison. Its dose is gr. .^^ (0.0032), C, Biliary. C, Lead, or C, Saturnine,
Colica pictomini, painter s colie. Intestinal
hypodermatically.
Colchicum [koF-ehik-nm) [/(o/Iy"coi', colchi- colic due to lead-poisoning. It is character-
Meadow-saffron. The corm and ized by excruciating abdominal pain, a hani
cum].
seed of C. antin/inale, the jiropcrties of and retracted condition of the alnlomen.
which are due to an alkaloid, colchicin. It slow pulse, and increased arterial tension.
is an emetic, diuretic, diaphoretic, and dras- C, Menstrual, the pain of mer
tic cathartic. It is valuable in acute gout, C, Renal, due to the presence of .
and in some forms of rheumatism.' Dose of in the ureter. C, Uterine, colic like p.ims
the root gr. ij-viij (0.13-0. 52), of experienced at the menstrual epochs,."."
powdered
the powdered seeds gr.
' j-v (o.or)5-o.32). coming on in paroxysms.
Dose Colitis {ko-li' the lart;c intrsiin<- ;
C, Extract. (B. V.). gr. ss-ij (0.032- tis) [K<;?.«r,

the
Aceticum inHammation]. Inllammation of
0.13). C, Extract., (B. P.). iTtc,
Dosegr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C. Rad.. Ext. colon..

Collagen {kol' aj en) [*<;??.<>. glue >rvi«i4rfv,
;
Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C. Rad., Ext.,
COLLAPSE COLOPHONY RESIN
to produce]. A
substance existing in various tion of epithelium. See Degeneration. 3.
tissues of the body, es[>ecia!ly bone and car- Having the nature of glue. 4. In chemistry,
tilage it is converted into gelatin by boiling.
;
amorphous and non crystalline. C. Cancer.
Collapse [kol-aps') \coUabere, to fall to- See Cancer. C. Degeneration. See De-
gether]. Extreme depression and prostration generation. C. Degeneration of the Skin,
from failure of the circulation, as in cholera, a rare disease, occurring chiefly on the upper
shock, hemorrhage, etc. C. of Lung, re- part of the face, in the form of small,
turn of a portion or the whole of a lung to glistening, translucent, flattish elevations, and
its fetal or airless condition from some me- yielding by pressure a small, jelly-like mass.
chanic hindrance to the entrance of air. Colloma (kol-o' -ntnlf) \i;ok'/M, glue; hna, a
It is characterized by dyspnea, with more or tumor]. A cystic tumor containing a
less cyanosis, and is mainly encountered in gelatinifonn, substance.
bronchopneumonia. Collum [kol'-icin) [L.]. The neck; espe-
Collapsing (^kol-<ips' -ing) \^collabere, to fall cially the anterior part of the neck. C. dis-
together]. Suddenly breaking down. C. tortum. Synonym of Torticollis.
Pulse. See Corrigan'' s Pulse. CoUutory (kol' -u-to-rc) \_collutorium, colluere,
Collar-bone. The clavicle. to
rinse]. A gargle or mouth-wash.
Collateral (kol-at'-er-al) [^con, togetlier; /(7t- Collyrium {kol ir'-e-u>/i) \_iM'/.7.vpiov, an eye-
eralis, of the side]. Accessory or second- salve]. A lotion for the eyes.
ary not direct or immediate.
; Coloboma [kol-o-ho'-niah) \_Ko7.ofi6nv, to mu-
Collecting Tubes of the Kidney. A name tilate]. A congenital fissure of the iris,
given to the ducts discharging into the calices choroid, or eyelids.

of the kidneys. Colocynthis [kol-o-sin' -this) [ô?o^-))|ft'f, col-
CoUes' Fascia. The deep layer of the ocynth]. Colocynth. The fruit of C. cit-
perineal fascia. It is attached to the base rullus, from which the seeds and rind have
of the triangular ligament, to the anterior been removed. Its properties are due to a
lips of the rami of the pubes and ischia lat- bitter glucosid, colocynthin, C^gHgÔ,,.,, the
erally, and anteriorly it is continuous with dose of which is gr.
^-q—\ (0.003-0.013). It
the dartos of the scrotum. C. Fracture. is a tonic and astringent purgative, and is
See Diseases, Table of. C. Law. .See 7,(77.'. used mainly as an ingredient of compound
Collidin {kol'-id-in) {KoWa, glue], CgH,,N. cathartic pills. C, Ext., alcoholic. Dose
A ptomain, isomeric but not identical .
gr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C, Ext., Comp.,
with aldehyd-collidin. The ptomain was contains colocynth extract 16, aloes 50,
obtained from pancreas and gelatin allowed cardamom 6, resin of scammony 14, soap 14,
to putrefy together in water. alcohol 10 parts. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3).
Collier's Lung. Synonym of Anlhraeosis. C, Pilula, Comp. (B. P.), contains colo-
Collinsonia [kol-in-so'-ne-ak) [after Peter cynth, aloes, scammony, potassium sulphate
Collinson, an English gentleman]. A genus and oil of cloves. Dose gr. v-x (0.32-
of labiate herbs. C. canadensis. Stone- 0.65). Pilulae Catharticse Comp., com-
root, heal-all, a coarse plant with a dis- pound cathartic pills; contain each, comp.
agreeable smell it has tonic, diuretic, and
;
ext. of colocynth gr. 1.3, abstract jalap gr. j,
diaphoretic properties. Dose gr. xv-lx calomel gr. j, gamlioge gr. \^. Dose 1-3
(1.0-4.0) in decoction; of the fluid extract pills. Pilula Colocynth. et Hyoscyam.
n\^x-f3J (0.65-4.0) of the tincture (l in 10)
;
Dose gr. v-x (0.32-0.65).
f,:;ss-ij (2.0-8.0). Coloenteritis [kol - o-en ter-i'-tis) [/fd/'.or,
-
colon h'Tepav, an intestine itk^, inllanima-

-
Colliquation [kol-ik-ioa' shim) \_eoii, to- ; ;
gether; liijtiare, to melt]. The liquefaction tion]. Inflanmiation of the small and large
or breaking down of a tissue or organ. intestine. See Pnterocolitis.
Colliquative ykol-ik'-wa-tiv') \^coii, together ; Colomba, Colombo [Icol-oni'-bah, kol-oni'-
liquate, to melt]. Profuse or excessive; bo). See Cahunba.
marked by excessive fluid discharges. C. Colon [ko'-lon) [k/i'aov, the colon]. The
Diarrhea, a profuse watery diarrhea. part of the large intestine beginning at the
C. Necrosis. See Necrosis, Liquefaction. cecum and terminating at the end of the
C. Sweat, a jirofuse clammy sweat. sigmoid flexure. In the various parts of its
Colliquefaction i^kolik-ive-fak' -shint) \eou, course it is known as the ascending C. the ,
together ; liquare, to melt]. A

melting, or transverse C. the descending C. and the
, ,
fusing together. sigmoid flexure.

Collodion (kol-o' -dc-oii) [/coA/l,(j<57/f, glue- Colony (kol'-o-ne) \^colonia, a colony]. A
like]. .See Pyroxylin. collection or assemblage, as of microorgan-
Colloid (knl'-oid) [jioXka, glue]. I. non- A isms in a culture.
dializable organic substance. See Dialysis. Colophony Resin [koF-o-fo-ne) [koô^gjj', a
2. A substance formed by colloid degenera- city of lunia]. Rosin. The solid residue
COLOR-BLINDNESS COLUMN A
left on (Ustilling off the volatile oil from crude Columbin [kol uni' l>iii). \n active princi
turpentine. See Resin. pie of ("alumba. It i.s a colorless
crystalline
Color-blindness. See Blindness. substance of excessively bitter taste and ntu
Color -hearing. The excitation of the visual tral reaction.
center for color through the auditory nerve. Columbo (kol-um'-l>o). See Calumbo.
Color-sensation. The perception of color it ; Columella {kol u-mel' -ah) [I.., a little col-
depends on the number of vibrations of the umn]. The modiolus or central axis of the
ether. cochlea of the human ear. .See CoihUii%x\A
Colorimeter (Jcull-or-im' -et-er') [color, color ; Modiolus.
/.itTjiDv, measure]. An
instrument for deter- Column (/W''-«///) [(<</««/«,/, a column]. A
mining the (quantity of coloring matter in a name given to several parts of the Ixxly
mixture, as in the blood. that furnish supp<jrt to surrijuii<liiig |ans,
Colostomy colon
[ko-los^-lo-me) [k67mv, ;
or that have the shape of pillars. C., An-
I. The formation of an terior, the layer of white matter in cither
ajojia, opening].
artificial anus by an opening into the colon. half of the spinal cord include<l lH;lwcen
2. Any surgical operation upon the colon the anterior horn and nerve-roots, and
that makes
a permanent opening into it, the anterior median fissure. C, An-
wdiether internal or external. terolateral Ascending. See 6".
of
Colostrum {^kol-os'-tntm) [L.]. The first Gotoers. C. of Burdach. See C, I'osUro-
milk from the mother's breasts after the birth external. C. of Clarke, a column of gray
of the child. It is laxative, and assists in substance occupying the region to the outer
the expulsion of the meconium. C. Cor- and posterior side of the central canal of the
puscles, small microscopic bodies contained spinal cord, at the inner jiart of the base of
in the colostrum. They are the epithelial the posterior cornu. It contains fusiform
cells of the mammary glands, full of oil- cells, and is the trophic center for the direct
globules. After about the third day the.se cerebellar tract. C, Direct Cerebellar, in
cells burst and set free the fat-globules be- the spinal cord, is situated oulîde of the lat-
fore they leave the gland, and in this way eral pyramidal tract. C. of Goll, the |>nstero-
the true milk is formed. me<liancolumn of the spinal cord. C,
Colotomy {^ko-lot'-o-mc) \Knkov, ; rqi- colon Gowers', in the spinal cord, a grou|> of
veiv, to cut]. Incision of the colon, either fibers lying in front of the direct cerebellar
abdominal, lateral, lumbar, or iliac, accord- tract and reaching around upon the peri-
ing to the region of entrance. phery of the anterior pyramidal tract. C,
Colpeurynter [kol-pii-rin' -ter) [/coATrof, va- Lateral, the layer of white matter in either
gina ; evi>l>i'En>, to widen]. An inflatable half of the spinal cord included between the
posterior horn and nerve-roots,
and tiie ante-
hag or sac used for dilating the vagina.
rior horn and nerve-roots. C. of Morgagni,
Colpitis {kol-pi' -lis) [/loA-of, vagina iric, ;
Inflammation of the vagina. mucous lui-mbranc

vertical folds of the rectal
inflammation].
{kol'-po-scl, or -se'-le)
va- seen at the point of union of the latter with
Colpocele [/crfZrrof,
gina KiflJi, tumor].

;
Hernia of the vagina. the skin of the anus. C, Posterior, a
collection of white matter situated in the
Colpocleisis [kol-po-kW -sis) [koAttoi;, vagina ;
side between tiie poste-

a closure].
/i/it(<T/(,-,
The surgical closure of spinal cord on either
the vagina. rior horns and posterior nerve r«Kits, and the
'- -
posterior median C,
fissure. Posteroex-
(kol-po his ter ck to
- -
Colpohysterectomy
me) vagina; varipa, womb; FKrojit], ternal, the outer wider division of the |»<>s
[/cfiATof,
Removal of the uterus through terior column of the cord ; the column of
excision].
the vagina. liurdach. C, Posteromedian, the median
division of the posterior column of the cord
{kol-po -per -in- e -or'-
;
Colpoperineorrhaphy C. of Spitzka-Lis-
tlie column of (ioll.
af-c) {jioKnoi:, vagina; perineum; /wi'/)'/,
sauer, in the spinal cord, a group of nerve

_
seam]. Repair of a perineal laceration by

fillers lying just in front of and just behind
denuding and in part suturing the posterior
wall of the vagina. the posterior horns. C, Posterovcsicular.
See Column of Clurk. C. of Turck. the an
Colpoptosis (kol-pop-lo'-sis) \_ii()liioc, vagina;
terior or direct pyramiilal trad. C. of the
TTT<:>nir, a falling]. Prolapse of the vaginal
External the free borders of the
Ring,
walls.
the external obliiiue nuisrlc,
Colporrhaphy [kol-por'-a-fe) [K(5A;rof, vagina; aponeurosis of
external alnloniinal
/»«/)/}, seam].
Suture of the vagina. forming the edges of the
Coltsfoot {koltz'-foot). The leaves of Tus- ring.
Columna A column or
sil<ii:;o farfara,
a demulcent and tonic, some- [kolum'-tuth) [I..].
Dose C. Bertini. that part of the loiiic.il
times prescribed for chronic cough. pillar.
ihe
of a decoction to Oj) a teacupful ;
of fld. structure of the kidneys lint sep.\i.itcs
( f,]
sides of any two pyrami<l.-»
CohimnJt car-
ext. fgj-ij (4.0^8.0). Unof.
COMA COMPOUND
neae, the muscular columns projecting from white band connecting the optic thalami
pos-
the inner surface of the ventricles of the teriorly. C, Posterior White (of spinal
heart. cord), a band of libers separating the gray
Coma (Ico'-maJi) [a;w««, deep sleep]. Un- commissure from the bottom of the posterior
consciousness from which the patient cannot median fissure.
be aroused by external stimulus. C, Al- Commissural [kow-iis-ze'-ral) [c/tw, to-
coholic, that due to poisoning by alcohol. gether; w///(7V', to send]. Having the pro-
C, Apoplectic, that due to apoplexy. C., perties of a commissure ; uniting symmetric
Uremic, that due to uremia. C. Vigil, parts, as C. fibers of the brain.
a comatose condition in which the patient Commotio {koi)i-o' -she-o) [L.]. A commo-
lies with open eyes, but imconscious and tion or shock. C. cerebri, concussion of
delirious. This occurs occasionally in the brain.
typhoid and typhus fevers and in delirium Communicans {kom-u'-nik-ans) [L.]. Com-
tremens. municating. C. noni. See AV/tm, 'J able of.
Comatose {ko'-tnat-os) [k(j//(7,
a deep sleep]. Commutator {koin'-u-ta-tor) \_co>/uiii/tare, to
In a condition of coma. exchange]. Aninstrument for automatically
Combustion [kom-biis'-chuii) \_(-o>nl>u)-e)\',
to interru[3ting or reversing the flow of an elec-
burn up]. The process of oxidation, at- tric current.
tended with the liberation of heat and some- Compact Tissue. The external, hard paVt
times of light. It is loosely used as a syno- of bone.
nym of inflammation. Comparative Anatomy. See Anatomy.
Comedo {kom'-e-do) \comedo,a. glutton: pi., Compatibility {koi/ifat-ib-iF-it-e) \_coii/pati,
Cpuicdones\ Grubs; Grub- worms Black- ;
to sufler
with]. Of
medicines, the relation
heads. A chronic disorder of the sebaceous of one substance to another, .=0 that
they
glands characterized by yellowish or whitish may be mixed without chemic change or
pin-point and pin-head-sized elevations, con- loss of therapeutic power.
taining in their center exposed blackish Compensating {kom'-pcn-sa-ting;) \_co/i!pen-

points. They are found usually on the face, sare, to compensate]. Making good a defici-
back of the neck, chest, and back, and are ency. C. Ocular. See Ocular. C. Opera-
often associated with acne. They occur as tion, in ophthalmology, tenotomy of the as-
a rule in the young. Occasionally a parasite, sociated antagonist in cases of
dijilojîa frfun
the Dcmodcx folliculorufu, is found in each paresis of one of the ocular muscles.
comedo. Compensation [kow-pen-sa^ -shun) \j:ompen-
Comes [ko'-»iez) [L. ://. , Coiiiih's']. A com- sare, to equalize]. The act of making good
panion, as a vein to an artery, or an artery a deficiency; the state of
counter-balancing
to a nerve. a functional or structural defect.
Comma-bacillus {lco7n' -ah-bas-il' -us). See Compensatory [ko/npen'-sa-to-re) \_compen-
Bacteria, Table of. sare, to eciualize].Making good a deficiency.
Commensal (kom-en'-sal) \cuiii, together; Restoring the balance after failure of one
mensa, table]. In biology, the harmonious organ or part of an organ by means of some
living together of two animals or plants. One other organ or part of an organ.
of two such organisms. Complemental, Complementary [komf^le-
Comminuted [koni^-in-it-ted) \_co»i»iin!iere, to vien'-tal, kom-ple-men' -ta-re)\cu>u , together ;
break in pieces]. Broken into a number of plere, to fill] . Supplying a deficiency. C.
pieces. Air. See Air. C. Colors, a term applied
Commissure, Commissura [koni' -iss -ur, to any two colors which combined produce
koi)i-!ss-n'-rali) \^cnm, together; 7nittcre, to white light, as, e.^., blue and yellow.
send]. That which unites two parts. C, Complexus [kom-pliks'-us) \_coiiiplexu<:, com-
Anterior [of tkii-d z'entriele) a rounded cord plex]. The totality of symptoms, phenom-
of white fibers placed in front of the anterior ena, or signs of a morbid condition. C. Mus-
crura of the fornix. C, Anterior White cle. See A/uscles, Table of.
[of spinal eord), a layer of fibers separating Complication [kom-plik-a'-shun) \complicare,
the posterior gray commissure from the bottom to fold together]. A
disease occurring in
of the anterior median fissure. C, Gray [of the course of some other disease and more or
spiiial cord), the transverse band of gray mat- less dependent upon it.
ter connecting the masses of gray matter of the Compos Mentis [koiit'-pos men'-tis) [L.].
two halves of the spinal cord. C. magna, Of sound mind.
the corpus callosum. C, Middle, a band of Composite [kom-poz^-it) \_couiponcre, to put
soft gray matter connecting the optic thalami. I. Composed of distinct portions.
together].
C, Optic, the union and crossing of the two 2. In biology, belonging to the order Com-
optic nerves in front of the tuber cinereum. pos! ta\
C, Posterior iôf third ventricle), a flattened Compound [koni' -pound ,
or kom-pound^)
COMPRESS CONDURANGO BARK
together; /cwtvr, to put]. I. To mix,
[^Liiin, Concomitant {konkom'-Uant) {comoniilari,
as drugs. 2. Composed of several parts. C, to
accompany]. Accompanying. C. Stra-
Cathartic Pills. See Colocynth. C. Frac- bismus. See Strabismus. C. Symptoms,
ture. See Fracture.
symptoms that arc nut in iheinsclvcs essen-
Compress {Jioni'-prcs) \coinpresstis, pressed tial to the course of a disease, but that
may
together]. Folded cloths, wet or dry, ap- occur in association witii the esscriiial
symp-
lilicd timily to the part for relief of in- toms.
llammation, or to prevent hemorrhage. C. Concretion {kon-kre'-shun) [concretio ; ton-
Graduated, a compress composed of folds crescere, to grow together] The soliditicatiun
.
of a gradually increasing size. or condensation of a lluid substance ; a cal-

Compression {koin-presh'-uii) [compivssiis, culus a union of parts normally
;
separate, as
pressed together]. The state of being com- the lingers.
pressed. C. -atrophy, atrophy of a part Concussion (kon - kush'- un) [concusiio, a
from constant compression. C. -myelitis, violent shock]. Shock
the stale of beini^
;
myelitis due to compression of the spinal shaken a severe shaking or jarring <jf a
;
cord. part also, the morbid slate resulting fruiij

;
Compressor {kompirs^-or) \j:omprimere, to such a jarring. C. of Brain, a cundiiiun

i. An instrument for com-
press together], produced by a fall or blow on the head, and
pressing an artery, vein, etc. 2. The term marked by unconsciousness, feeble puUc,
is also applied to muscles having a compres- cold skin, pallor, at times the involuntary
sing function. C. sacculi laryngis, the discharge of feces and urine this is followed ;
inferior arytenoepiglottideus muscle.. See by partial vomiting, and iicadaclie,

stujjor,
Muscles, fable of. C. urethrae. See Mus- and eventually recovery. In severe cases
cles, Table of. intlammation of the brain may follow, or a
Conarium [ko-na^ -re-unt) [Kuvapiov ; dim. condition of feeble-mindedness. C. of Spi-
of Kuvuc, a cone]. The pineal gland. nal Cord, a condition caused by severe
Concave {konkdi/) [cunt, together; cavus, shock of the spinal column, with or without
hollow]. Hollow; incurved, as the inner appreciable lesion of the cord. It leads to
surface of a hollow sphere. functional disturbances analogous to railway-
Concavoconvex [kon - kah'- vo - kon'- veks) .
spine.
Having one surface concave, the other con- Condensed [kon-dcnsd') [comlensiire, to
vex, the convexity exceeding the concavity. make thick]. Made compact
reduced to a ;
Conceive {kon-siv') \concipere, to take in]. denser form. C. Milk, milk thai has had
To become pregnant. most of its watery elements evaporated. Con-
Concentration [f:o7i-sen-tra' -shtai) \_cuni, to- densed milk prLqjared with the addition of
gether ; centrum, \h& center]. The act of cane-sugar is a while or yellowish-while pro-
making denser, as of a mixture, by evapor- duct of about the consistency of honey and
ating a part of the liquid. ranging in specific gravity from 1.25 to 1. 41.
Concentric It should be completely soluble in from four
[kon-sen'-trik] \_cu//i, together ;
centrum, the center]. Arranged in an equi- to five times its Ijulk of water, without se|>ara-
distant manner about a center. C. Hyper- tion of any tlocculent residue, and ihon jk>5-
sess the taste of fresh, sweetened milk.
trophy of the Heart, increase in the muscu-
lar texture of the heart, the capacity of the Condensed milk prepared without ihe .addi-
cavities remaining unchanged. tion of cane-sugar is not boiled down to the
Conception [kon - sep'- shun) \_conciperc, to same degree, and therefore remains liquid.
I. The fecundation of the ovum Condenser [kon-ilcn'-ser) [conJi-nsiiry, to
conceive].
by the spermatozoid. 2. The abstract men- make dense]. A lens or combinalion of
tal idea of anything the power or act of;
lenses used in microscopy for gathering and
mentally conceiving. C, Imperative, a false concentrating rays of light.
idea that a person dwells upon and cannot Conduction [kon -iluk'- shun) \^con,{nctio
:
expel from his mind, even

when he knows it couiluccre, to draw together]. 'Ihe p.-iss;igc
to be absurd. It dominates his actions, and or transfer of force or material from one |>art
a of insanity. to another.
is symptom draw
Concha {kong'-kah) {K.oyX'^-> shell]. ^ A Conductor {kon-duk' tor\\conducerf , to
shell. Applied to organs having some re- together]. I. A

body that transmits force-
semblance to a shell, as the patella, vulva, vibrations, such as those of heat or electric-
etc. and especially toC. auris, or the hollow ity. 2. A term applied to the electr<»<lrs and
,
of the external ear. cords by which tluy are joined to the lullcry.
])art
a .'\n instrument sis a guide for the
[kong^ ko skop)
- - .serving
Conchoscope [ko}'y«, 3.
shell ;
the naris ; aKOizelv, to inspect]. A surgeon's knife.
mirror for inspecting the nasal Coridurango Bark (kon Jn nt>:
speculum and Hark oi
[native of
S. Amer.].
cavity.
CONDY'S FLUID CONIUM
tetrainnnis, or of Coii^^lobiis coiidiiraiigo ; a freezing], Freezing; frost-bite; intense
i.
remedy much used in South America as cold or its effect on the animal economy, or
an alterative in syphilis. It was introduced any organ or part 2. The chilling or l)e
into the United Slates as a remedy for numbing effect of any freezing-mixture or
carcinoma of the stomach, but yielded un- application mainly employed for its local
;
certain results. It is a stomachic tonic. anesthetic eflect. 3. Coagulation.

Dose of the lluid extract f^ss-j (2.0- Congenital {kon-jen'-it-al) \_,ii//i, together;
4.0); of the tincture, f3J-ij (4.0 8.0). gigni, to be born]. Existing at birth.
Unof. Congestion [kon -jes'- ckuii) \_ioHgercre, to
Condy's Fluid. A proprietary disinfecting heap up]. An abnormal collection of blood
Solution prepared from permanganates. in a part or organ. Congestion may be ac-
Condylarthrosis [kon-dil-nr-thro' -sis) \k6v- tive or passive, atonic or inflanmiatory, func
^v2of, a knuckle a/)ftpov, a. joint].
; form A tional or hypostatic. It is also named from
of diarthrosis, wherein a condyle is set in a the parts affected the most important varie-
;
shallow and elliptic cavity, and free and va- ties of morbid congestion are the cerebral,
ried movement of the joint is
possible ;
con- spinal, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal.
dylar articulation. Congestive i^kon-jes' -iiv) \j:ongt'rere, to hea]i
Condyle {koii'-dil) [^kovSvTio^, a knuckle]. up]. Marked by, due to, or of the nature of
Any rounded eminence such as occurs in the congestion.
joints of of the bones, especially the
many Congius [kon'-je-iis) [L.]. A Roman meas-
femur, humerus, and lower jaw. ure. A gallon.
Condyloid {fton'- dil- oid) [/coi'fWof, a Conglomerate (ko)i-glor?i'-era/) \_congIomer-
knuckle; eiJof, likeness]. Resembling or arc, to heap uj)]. I. Massed together ag- ;
pertaining to a condyle. gregated. 2. A mass of units without order.

Condyloma [kon-dil-o'-viah) \_Kov6v"Auj.ia, a C. Glands, acinous glands.
swelling]. A
wart-like growth or tumor Conglutin [koii -g/u'- tin) [^cian, together;
usually near the anus or pudendum. C. gluten, glue]. One of the proteids found in
latum, the syphilitic mucous patch. peas, beans, and other kinds of pulse.
Cone, Conus \kdn, ko'-nus) cone]. [nuivor, a Conglutination [koti-giii-tin-d'-s/inn) \_(on-
A solid body having a circle base, and for its
gltitiniin-, to
glue together]. The abnormal
terminating in a point. C. of Light, the union of two contiguous surfaces or bodies,
triangular reflection from the normal mem- as of two fingers, or of the opposed surfaces
brana tympani. C, Retinal, one of the rod- of the pleural or pericardial sac.
like bodies, which, with the associated rods, Congo-red. A red coloring-matter which be-
form one of the outer layers of the retina, comes blue in the presence of free HCl.
the so-called rod-and-cone layer. It is used in chemic investigation of the
Confection [koii-fok's/iun) '[cojifcctio^ a pre- gastric juice.
paration]. In pharmacy, a mass of sugar Conic, Conical [kon'-ik, kcm'-ik-a/)\_KtjiuK6q,
and water, or of honey, used as an excipient pertaining to a cone]. Cone-shaped. C.
with a prescriljed medicinal substance. Cornea. See Keratoglol>us.
Confinement {koii fin'- nwiit)
-
[cittii,
to- Coniin (ko-7ti'-in). See Coniii/n and Conin.
gether yf;;w, boundary, limit].
; The condi- Conin (ko'-nin) [/.(.'jrfvor, hemlock], C„M,-N.
tion of women during childbirth. A liquid alkaloid which is the active principle
Confluent i^kon'-Jlti-ent) \confluc7-e, to flow of Coninm.
together]. Running together. The oppo- Conium (/{•(J-;//'-/////) [/vwiv Ml', hemlock]. Hem-
site of discrete. In anatomy, coalesced or lock. The leaves and the fruit of the spotted
blended applied to two or more bones
; hemlock, C. macttlatiim. It contains three al-
originally separate, but subsecjuently formed kaloids and a volatile oil. Its properties are
into one. mainly due to the alkaloids coniin, CgHj^N,
Confrontation {^kon -frtin
- tn'- s/iiin) [con- and methylconiin, Cglli^NCIIj. It produces
frontari, to be contiguous to]. The exami- motor-paralysis, without loss of sensation or
nation of a person by whom a diseased per- of consciousness. Toxic doses cause death
son may have been infected as a means of by paralysis of the organs of respiration. It
diagnosing the disease in the latter. is valualjle in acute mania, delirium tremens,
Confusion (kon-fu'-zhmi) [cum, together; tetanus, blepharospasm, asthma, and whoop- )
fiindere, to pour]. Mixing; confounding. ing-cough. C, Abstract., made from

C. Colors, a set of colors so chosen that conium, 200, dilute hydrochloric acid 6,
they cannot be distinguished by one M'ho is sugar of milk and alcohol q. s. to make
color-blind. C. Letters, test-type letters, 100 parts of abstract. I )ose gr. ss-iij (
0.032-
such as C. G. O. or F. P. T. , liable to be
, 02). C, Cataplasma (B. P.), made from
mistaken for each other. the leaves; for external use. C, Ext.
Congelation {kon-jel-a' -shini) \co}tgelatio, a Dose gr. ss-ij (0.032-0.13). C., Ext. Fid.,
CONI VASCULOSI CONTACJKjN
Dose n\^j-ij (0.065-0.13). C, Pilula, Consanguinity {konsan :-iLnn'it f) [rw/zi.to-
Comp. (Jj. r.), contains extract of liciulock gcther; sanguinis, oi blood]. Therciat' u
and ipecac. Dose
v-x (0.32-0.65).
gr. C., siiip arising from common parentage L:
Succus (B. P.), made from the leaves. ; ;
relationship.
Dose n\,xxx-3ij (2.0-8.0). C, Tinct., Consciousness [kon'- s/nis ties) -
Dose TT\^x-f_:^j (0.65- [consdus,

15 per cent, strength. The state of being aware of onc'b
knowing].
40). C. Vapor (IJ. P.), for inhalations. own existence, of one's own mental hUlc*.
Coniin, volatile alkaloid of conium. Dose and of the impressions made
Unof.
upon one'*
Rr- ^'o-fo (0.001-0.006). Coniin senses ; ability to take cognizance of sensa-
Hydrobrom., C^HyjCgHj), recommended tions. C, Double, that morbid condiii.m in
for spasmodic affections. Dose gr. j^j-A- which there are two separate and a
(0.002-0.004). Unof. All preparations states of
mental consciousness, in .
•
are uncertain in strength. of which the events that have occurred in llie
Coni vasculosi. A
series of conic masses other state are not remembered
by the palicnl.
of tubules that together form the globus Consensual {i-on-sen'-sual) [consensus,
major of the epididymis. agreement]. Excited reflcxly by v
Conjugal [kon'-ju-gal) \_cuin, together; lation of another
part, usually a fellow c;
jugare,io yoke]. Pertaining to marriage; as the C. reaction of one
puiiil when the ins
connubial. C. Diabetes, diabetes affecting of the other eye is stimulated.
husband and wife together this is said to be ; Conservation (kon-ser-va'-shun) [consenutre,
not infrequently observed. to Preservation
keep]. without loss. C,
Conjugate {km'-jn-indt) [cum, together; ju- of Energy. See Energy.
iâre, to yoke]. Yoked or cou])lcd. C. Consolidation {kon-sol-id-a'sluin) [cv
Deviation. See Deviation. C. Diameter dare, to make firm]. The process of be -.:
(of the pelvis). See Diumctcr. C, True, ing finn or solid, as a lung in pneumonia.
the minimum diameter of the pelvic inlet. Constant {hon' -staut) [comlans, steady].
Conjunctiva {Jion-junk-ti' -vah) [conjunctivus, Fixed. C. Current, one that goes continu-
connecting]. The mucous membrane cover- ously in one direction.
ing the anterior portion of the globe of the Constipation {konstip-a'-shun) [constifxire,
eye, reflected upon the lids and extending to to crush tightly together]. A
condition in
their free edges. Its parts are called
palpe- which tlie bowels are evacuated at
long in-
bral and ocular, or bulbar. tervals or with difficulty.
Conjunctivitis [kon-jiink-tiv-i' -tis) \conjitnc- Constitution [kon-sti(-u's/iun) [consdfuere,
tivus, connecting; Ltiq, inflammation]. In- to dispose]. In chemistry, the atomic or
flammation of the conjunctiva. C, Acute molecular composition of a body. \n phar
Catarrhal, the most common form, usually macy, the composition of a substance. In
mild, resulting from cold or irritation. C, l^hysiology, the general tem|ierament and
Croupous, a variety associated with the for- functional condition of the body.
mation of a whitish-gray membrane that is Cor^stitutional {kon-stitu' shunal) [amsti
easily removed. C, Diphtheric, a specific tuere, to dispose]. Pertaining to the state
purulent inflammation of the conjunctiva, due of the constitution. C. Diseases, such dis-
to the Klebs-Lortler bacillus. C, Egyptian, eases as are inherent, owing to an ai)ni>niial
See Trachoma. C, Follicular, a form char- structure of the body. .Mso, a condition in
acterized by numerous round, pinkish bodies which the disease perv.-ides the whole system.
found in the retrotarsal fold. C, Gonor- (leneral diseases, in contrailistinction to Unral.
rheal, a severe form of purulent C. , caused Constrictor {kon-strik'tor) [constringere, to
by infection with gonococci. C, Phlycten- bind together]. Any muscle that conliact>
ular, one characterized by the presence on the or tightens any part of the boily. See Mm-
ocular conjunctiva of small vesicles surrt)unded cles. Table of.
by a reddened zone. C, Purulent, one Consumption (ko/i sum/i'-s/iun) [consiiniere,

characterized by a thick, creamy discharge. to consume or wear away]. A wasting away,
Connective [kon-ek' -tiv) \coitnccterc, to con- especially a wasting ilisease like tulR-rculosis,
nect]. C. Tissue. See Tissue. particularly ])ulm()nary tuberculosis or tuber-
Conoid, or Conoidal or ko-noi'-dal) culosis of the bowels.
{^ko'-noid,
cone; di)iK, shape]. Of a conic Contact (kon^takt) [cpntaetns, n toucliint;')
[/iUi'of,
shape. C. Ligament, the lower and inner A touching. C. Breaker, an insirunv
part of the coracoclavicular ligament.
C. means of which a galvanic circuit is br
Tubercle, the eminence on the inferior sur- Contagion (konta'-jun) [contagio; ,. •
I. The process by wliu n .
face of the clavicle to which the conoid liga- gere, to touch].
specific disease is communicated
fn)n> «>nc
ment is attached.
Conquinamin [kon-kwin' -a-min). An alka- person to anothtM, cither i>y direct
contact <>r
by means of an intermediate agent.

2. AUo
loid of Cuprea bark.
i
CONTAGIOUS CONVALLARIN
the specific germ or virus from which a com- Contracture {kon-trak'-(hur)\^cum,ioge\her;
municable disease develops. /;-<?//tVY, to draw]. Contraction; permanent
Contagious [kon-fa'-jiis)\_t'oiitagiit)ii,z. touch- shortening, as of a muscle distortion or de-
;
ing]. Communicable or transmissible by formity due to the shortening of a muscle or

contagion, or by a specific contagium. of various muscles.
Contagium [kon-ta'-je-tim)\_'L.'\. Any virus Contraindication [kon-irah-in-dik a' -sJnui)
or morbific matter by means of which a com- \^contra, against; iiidiiare, to point out].
municable disease is transmitted from the sick That modifying condition in which a remedy
to the well. or a method of treatment is forbidden.
Contiguity [koii-tig-u^-ii-e) \_aoii, together ; Contrecoup [kd>i'-tr-kpo) [Pr. ]. Counter-
tange re, io iowch.']. Proximity. C, Ampu- stroke. The transmission of a shock from
tation in the, is performed at a joint, with- the point struck to a point on the opposite
out section of a bone. side of the body or the part.
Continence [kon'-ti- tiens) \_contiiicre, lo Control i^kon-trdl') [ro;//;?/, against rofuln,a. ;
hold together]. Self-restraint, especially in roll]. A

standard by which to check ob-
regard to the sexual passion. servations and insure the validity of their
Continued i^kon tin'- I'ld) to Colloquially, the term is sometimes
-
\_contmiiare, results.
make continuous]. Persisted C. Fever,
in. used as a noun for control animal, or control
a fever that is long-continued, without inter- experiment. C. Animal, one used in a con-
missions. trol experiment. C. Experiment, an experi-
Continuity (kon-tin-u'-it-e) [r«;;/, together ; ment carried out under normal or common
tenere, to hold]. The slate of being con- circumstances or conditions, to serve as a
tinuous or uninterrupted. C, Amputation standard whereby to test the variation or
in the, amputation in which a bone is value of another experiment carried out
divided. under peculiar or abnormal circumstances.
Contractility [kon-trak-tiF -it-e) \_contrahere, Contusion [kon-tn'- zkiiii) \iOiitn)idt-rc, to
to draw together]. That property of certain bruise]. A
bruise or injury inflicted withcait
tissues, especially muscle, of shortening upon the integument being broken. C. -pneumo-
the application of a stimulus. nia, a form of pneumonia following trauma-
Contraction [kon-trak' -shun) [^contrakere, to tism.
draw together]. Approximation of the ele- Conus {^ko' -nus)\_Kuvoc,
a cone]. I. A cone. 2.
ments of a tissue or organ, thus diminishing A crescenlic patch of atrophic choroid tissue
its volume or contents. C, Anodal, Clos- near the optic papilla in myopia. C. arteri-
ing or Opening, the contraction taking osus, the cone-shaped eminence of the right
ventricle of the heart, whence arises the pul
place*at the anode on closing or opening
the
circuit. C, Carpopedal, a variety of telany monary artery. C. medullaris, the cone-
like termination of the s])inal cord, continu-
occurring in infants, and generally associated
with dentition or seat- worms. There is a ous as the filum terminale. Coni vascu-
flexing of the fingers, toes, elbows, and knees, losi; a series of conic masses that together
and a general tendency to convulsions. C, form the globus major of the epididymis.
Closing, muscular contractions [Produced at Convalescence {kon-7'al-es'-eiis) Ycoiri'ahs-
the instant that the electric current is closed. ri'ie, to become well]. A
term applied ta
C, Dupuytren's, a contraction of the palmar the restoration to health after disease.
fascia causing the fingers to fold into the palm. Convallamarin iykon-vai-am' -ar-iii) \^LOiival-
C, Front-tap, a phenomenon often observed lis,a valley; amariis, bitter], Cj-jH^Ô,.^.
in cases with exaggerated knee-jerk. When A glucosid derived from Coiivallaria. See
the foot is placed at a right angle to the leg, Conrallaria Diajalis.
and the muscles of the front of the leg are Convallaria i^kivi-val-a' -re-aJi) \convaIlis, a
tapped, the foot is extended. See Rii/it-xes, vallev]. A genus of liliaceous plants. C.
Table of. C, Hour-glass, a contraction majalis, lily of the valley. All parts of
of an organ, as the stomach or uterus, at the plant are used in medicine. Its proper-
the middle. C, Opening, the muscular ties are due to convallarin, Cg^H^.Ô,!, and
contraction produced by opening or breaking convallamarin, C.,.,!!^/'),.^, glucosids. It is
the circuit. C, Paradoxic, a phenomenon a cathartic, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant.

that consists in the contraction of a mus- C, Ext., soluble in water. Dose gr. ij-x
cle, caused by the passive approximation of (0.13-0.65). C, Ext., Fid., alcoholic.
its extremities. C. -remainder, the stage Dose n\îj-xj (0.13-0.7). C, Infusum, pre-
of elastic after- vibration or residual contrac- pared with three times its weight of water.
tion persisting in a muscle after withdrawal Dose f,^ss-ij (16.0-64.0). Convallamarin,
of the stimulus. C.-ring, the boundary line or Convallamarinum, is soluble in water.
between the upper and lower segments of Dose gr. ]i-\] (0.016-0. 13). All unof.
the parturient uterus. Convallarin (kon-val' -ar-i>i) \_convallis,
a
CONVECTION COl'l'Kk
valley], C^JIg.p,,. A
crystalline purgative tal convolutions. C, Parietal, the con-
glucosid derived from Coiivallaria. volutions of the parietal lube. C, Posterior
Convection {Jcon-vck' -shun) \_con%iehcre, to Central. '6ê^ C, Ascending l\ni(t,il. C..
carry together]. A transmission or carrying, Supramarginal. See L".," An-ular. C.,
as of heat or electricity. C. -current, a cur- Temporal, the convolutions of ihe Iciii
rent of a li<[uid or gas heated to a tempera- C, Uncinate, the hook-like
poral l(.l>e.
ture above tluit of the surrounding medium; termination of llie fornicate convolution.
it rises to the surface because of its lesser Convolvulin (konvol'-vulin) [foni'o/vfrf,
density and thus the entire fluid or gas
•
to roll
together], C,, 11,^0,,. A t
'
acquires the same temperature. derived from the roots of Jalap ((, ,,
Convergence {kon-ver' -jcns) \_cum, together ; fu>X'i). It is a gummy mabs, with atlivc
veri^crc, to incline]. Inclination or direction purgative properties.
toward a common
point, center, or focus, as Convulsant [kon-vut'sant) [tonvtllfrf, lo
of the axes of vision upon the near-point.
convulse]. A medicine that causes convul-
C. -stimulus Adduction, the power of ad- sions.
duction of the eyes provoked by fixation of the Convulsion [konvul'shun) \iom<(lUrf, to
gaze upon an object placed at the near-point. convulse]. An involuntary general paroxysm
Convergent [kon-ver' -jt-nt) [c/^w, together ;
of muscular contraction. It is either tonic
vcrgere, to incline]. Teniling to a common (without relaxation) or clonic (having alter-

center. C. Strabismus. .See Strabismus. nate contractions of opposite groups of mus-
Convex \convi'xus,
>ykoii-veks'^ vaulted]. cles). C, Epileptiform, one characterized
Having a surface approximating more or less by total loss of consciousness. C, Hysteric,
a part of the surface of a sphere. one due to hysteria. Consciousness is only
Convexity (kon-vcks'- it -
c) \convcxus, con- apparently lost. C, Tetanic, general Ionic
vex]. A surface
rounding outward; the convulsions without loss of consciou-i
quality of being convex. C, Urem'C. one that occurs in kidney '^'.-^
Convexoconcave [kon-veks' -o-kon-kdv). See ease due to rei^.. -on in the blood of matters
Lens. that should be eliminated by the kidney.
Convolution (Icon-vo-lu' -shun') \j:onvolvere, Coordination {ko-ordin-a' -shun) [</<///,
to-
to roll together]. A
fold, twist, or coil of gether oniinare, to regulate].
;
The har-
any organ, especially any one of the j)romi- monious activity and proper sequence of
nent convex parts of the brain, separated from operation of those parts that coo|)erale in
each other by depressions or sulci. C, An- the performance of any function.
gular, the posterior part of a convolution Copaiba (Jco-pa' -e-bah) [Sp. ]. Balsam of
situated between the intraparietal fissure in Copaiba. The oleoresin of Co/><ii/fr,i '"
front and above, and the horizontal limlj of find lis, C. coriacea, C. iûianensis, C. w.<. .
the Sylvian fissure, and the hinder part of the C. cordifolia, C. laxit, C. nitidii, C.
juirn,
first part of the first temporal fissure
below. oblongifolia , and C. lam^sdorflii, Icguniini.us
The anterior part is called the supramarginal trees, native to South America. It is a
convolution. C, Annectant, small con- stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, and an ex-
volutions which connect the occii>itaI with pectorant, and is mucli used in gonorriu-a.
the tem[)orospheiioiilal and parietal l()l)es. C, Massa, copaiba 94, magnesia p.irts.
C, Anterior Central, C, Ascending Dose gr. x-;5J (0.65-4.0). C, Mist..

Frontal, the convolution in front of the Comp., Lafavette's mixture, unof., co|aitia
fissure ofRolando. C, Ascending Parie- :^ vij,oilofcubebs gj.glyceritum vitelli •:; vij;
and adil menth.
tal, the convolution just behind the fissure
triturate syr. aq. pi|>crit.
with constant stirring.
of Rolando. C, Broca's, the inferior îiss; then add, Ii<|.
or third frontal convolution. C, Forni- potass. 3 ss, tinct. cardamom comp. ^ ij, spt.
menth. s.
cate, a long convolution on the mesial a.>ther. nitrosi, ^ss,
' .-xq. piperit. q.
surface of the brain above the corpus callo- tomake 5 viij. Dose fs j-f.^ ss (4.o-it).o)
sum. C, Frontal, the convolutions of the C, Oleum. Dose tT\,x-xv (0.65-1.0). C.
frontal lobe. C, Hippocampal, the part of Resina, mainly copaibic acid. Dose vr
the fornicate convolution that winds arounil j-v (0,065-0.30).

a -
the splenium of the corpus callosum. C, In- Copiopia (k(>/>-i-o'-/><--iib) [^0Tfx;,
convolutions composing Eye-strain wearini

sular, the small
;
iji/', eye].
the island of Reil. C, Marginal, the me- eyes. C. hysterica, a tenn .1
sial surface of the first frontal convolution. those symptoms that indicate hy; i
the convolutions making of the fifth and optic nerves.

C, Occipital,
lobe. C, Paracentral, a Copper (/ôZ-'-c/) [ME ,<«'/<•/•. copper]. Cup-
up tha occipital
convolution on the mesial surface of the brain, rum. A redilish i)rown metal oxiotinc in
nature chielly in the form of .
of the upper ends

representing the junction «
of the ascending frontal and ascending parie- which is a double sail ol cij
15
COPPERAS CORN
sulphid. Various salts are used in medicine. Coraco- {kor' -ak-o-) \jiopa^, a crow]. Per-
In toxic doses they are gastrointesiinal irri- taining to the coracoid process. C.~Brach-
tants. In therapeutic doses they are used as ialis. See Muscles, Table of.
astringents in inBamniation of mucous mem- Coracoid [kor'-ak-oi<l) [Ao/iaf, a crow ; i/'iôr,
branes. They are also employed as emetics, likeness]. I. Having the
shape of a crow's
and, externally, as caustics. See Elements, beak. 2. The coracoid process. C. Liga-
Table of. C. Acetate, CutC^HÔ.^.^, ver- ment, a triangular ligament joining the cora-
digris, used in pulmonary diseases,

and as coid process to the acromion. C. Process.
a lotion in skin-diseases. I)ose gr. jg-^- a beak-shaped process of the scapula.
(0.0065-0.016). C. Acetoarsenite, Paris Cord [(7^();v/<?,
a string], i. Any string-like
Green, used as a pigment and an insecticide. body. 2. Used as a synonym for the i'nibilical
C. Ammoniate, unof. ammonium carbon- , Cord, the vascular, cord-like structure con-
ate 3, copper sulphate 4 parts, useful in necting the [)lacenta and fetus. C, False
chorea, hysteria, etc. Dose gr. i/^-j (o.oi- or Superior (vocal), a fold of mucous mem-
0.065). ^' Arsenite, a salt valuable in in- brane on either side of the middle line of the
testinal diseases. Dose gr. jjg- (0.00065). larynx, inclosing the superior thyroarytenoid
C. Nitrate (B. P.), Cu(N03)3H20, is used ligament. C, Presentation of, descent of
for the same purposes as the sulphate. C. the umbilical cord between the presenting
sulphate, CuSO^.SH.Ô, soluble in water, part and the membranes, at the beginning of
valuable as an emetic, tonic and astringent. labor. C, Prolapse of, descent of the um-
Dose, as an emetic, gr. ij-v (o. 13-0.32), as bilical cord at the rupture of the bag of
a tonic, gr. Yir-Yz (0.OI-O.032). C. waters; incomplete, if remaining in the
Amalgam, a metallic filling-material com- vagina, complete, if protruding tiierefrom.
posed of copper and mercury. C.-nose. C, Spinal. See Spinal Cord. C, True
Synonym of Acne rosacea. Vocal; C, Vocal. See Vocal Band.
Copperas {kop'-er-as) [^cupri ;v;r7, rose of Cordial [kor'-jal) [^cor, the heart]. I. Per-
cojiper (?) ].
A common ..<*ine ior ferrous taining to the heart exhilarant
;
stimulant. ;
2. .'\n aromatic, spirituous stimulant.

sulphate.
Copremia [kop
-
re'- >ne -
ah) [/.oTpof , dung ;
Core [koi-) \_cor, heart]. The central slough
aifia, blood]. A form of general blood pois- of a boil or carbuncle.
oning arising from chronic constipation. The Corectopia [kor-ek-to'-pe-ak) [nofrri, pupil ;
symptoms are anemia, sallow complexion, EKTonoQ, misplaced]. An anomalous position
anorexia, frontal headache, vertigo, nausea, of the pupil displacement of the pupil.
;
flatulence, thirst, fetid breath, lassitude, hy- Coredialysis [ko-re-di-al'-is-is) [/vO/j;/, pupil ;
pochondriasis, and irritability of temper. ihuAPtity, to liberate]. The jModuction of an
filth artificial pupil at the ciliary border of the
Coprolalia (kop-ro-la'-le-ah) \_iMrcpoc, ;
2a'?ua, speech]. The use

of filthy and offen- iris.
sive language as a manifestation of disease. Corelysis [kor-el'-is-is] [aop'/i pupil Arair, a ;
Coprolith [kop'- ro
-
[KoTpof,
litli) dung ; loosening]. The detachment of iritic adhe-
Xidoc, stone]. A hard mass of fecal matter sions to the lens, or to the cornea.
in the bowels. Coremorphosis [kor - e - nior - fo'- sis) ['%<'/"/>
Coprophagy (kop-roff' -a-je) [hOTrpof, dung; pujiil ; j.tuj)<ûaiq, formation]. The opera-
to eat]
(j>a}'s/i',
The eating of dung, a symp-
. tion for establishing an artificial pupil.
tom seen in insane and hysteric patients. Coreometer [kor-e-oni'-et-er) ^Kopi], pupil ;
Coprostasis (kop-ros'-tiis-is) [ô-/JOf, dung ; litTjxiv, a measure]. An instrument for
araair, a standing]. The accumulation of measuring the pupil of the eye.

fecal matter in the bowel. Coriander, or Coriandrum {ko-re-an'-der,
Coptis [kip'-tis) [Aorr-fa', to cut]. Gold- ko-re-an' -dnivt) \Ko\)iavvov coriander]. Co-
,
thread. The root of C. trifolia, a simple riander. The fruit off. 5(///f«w, an aromatic,
bitter tonic resembling quassia. It contains carminative, and stimulant, used mainly to
coptin, an alkaloid closely allied to Ijerberin. give flavor to other remedies and as a correc-
Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0). tive to griping purgatives. Dose gr. x-xx
Copulation (kop u
- -
la'- s/inu) \_copulare, to (0.65-1.3). C, Oleum, the volatile oil.
couple]. The act of sexual intercourse. Dose TTLij-v (0.13-0.32).

Cor (/'(?;-) [L.: gen., cordis'].
The heart. See Corium {ko'-re-uni) [L., leather].
The deep
Heart. C. adiposum, a heart with a sim]ile layer of the skin.
excess of the normal subpericardial fat. C. Corm (kor/n) \_Kopfi6g, the trunk of a tree].
bovinum. See Bovine Heart. C. villosum, The bulbous underground part of certain
hairy heart ; the peculiar shaggy appearance jilants, as the crocus.
presented by the heart in acute plastic peri- Corn A local induration and
l^cormt, horn].
carditis, with the deposited fibrin existing in thickening of the skin from friction or pres-
long shreds. sure. See Clavus. C.-silk. See Zea Mays.
CORNEA CORPUSCLE
C.-smut. See Ustilago. C. -starch, tlie Coronoid {kor'-onoiii) [îurunu, crown ; tUW,
luiine of a slarch (.leiiveil iuww
coiiuneiLi.il Crown slia|.ed ; as the C. pro-
likene>s].
maize, ami extensively usetl as an article of cess of the ulna or of the jaw.
food, especially fur invalids. Corpora {kor' por-ah) [pi. ui cor/>us, a l;<-i) J.
Cornea (^kor'-nc-ah) \_corncus, horny]. The A general term applied lo certain pan-. <A
transparent anterior portion of the eyeball, the body having a rounded or oval
sliapc.
its area occupying about one-sixth the cir- C. albicantia, two while ina-^scs in the in-
cumference of the globe. It is continuous
terpeduncular space at the ba.sc of ilic brain,
with the sclerotic, and is nourished by lymjjh the projections of liie anterior
pillars of ihc
from the looped blood-vessels at its periph- fornix. C. geniculata, two small eminences
eral border. C, Conic. See Kerato<^lobus. projecting from the optic thalami. C. quad-
C, Transplantation of, the operation of en- rigemina, the optic lobes of the brain, the
grafting a section of transparent cornea from four rounded eminences situated under the
some animal into the space of an excised corpus callosum The anterior pair arc tailed
portion of human cornea. the nates, and the posterior, the testes.
Corneal [kor^->ie-al) \_conit-us, horny]. Re- Corpulency {kor'-pu-lense) \iorpiilentn\,
lating to the cornea. corpulent]. Obesity; fatne.ss of the l>o<ly.
Corneitis [kor-ne-i'-tis). See Keratitis. Corpus {kor^-pus) [cw/wi, a l>o<ly //. , tV/r- :
Corneous [kor^-ne-us) \_corneus, horny]. poni']. A

body the human |j<xly.
; C.
Horny, or horn-like. C. Tissue, the sub- Arantii, the fibrous tubercle in the cenlcrof
stance of the nails. each segment of the semilunar valves. C.
Corniculum (Jior-nik' -ti-luni) \_cornicula, a callosum, the broad band of while malter
little horn]. A small cornu or horn -like pro- uniting the hemispheres of the cerebrum.
cess. C. dentatum. I. .See Olivary J>o,/y. 2.
Cornification (kor-nifik-a'-shuii) \îorneus, The central folded gray nucleus of ihc cere-
horny facere, to make].
; The process of bellum. C. highmorianum. See //',;'//-
hardening or making horny. more. Body C. fimbriatum, the lateral
of.
Cornu {^kor'-nii) [L.].
A
horn. A name thin edge of the txnia hip|>ocampi. C.
applied to any excrescence resembling a luteum, the yellow body formed in the ov.iry
horn. C.ammonis, the hippocampus major in the site of a Graafian vesicle after the es-
of the brain. C. cervi, hartshorn or ammo- cape of the ovum. C. luteum, False, that rc-
nium hydroxid. C. cutaneum, conm huma- suhing when pregnancy tloes not occur, called
num, a horn-like excrescence arising from also the C. L. of Menstruation. C. luteum.
the skin. True, that resulting when pregnancy takes
Cornual [kor^-nu-al) [^cornu, a horn]. Re- place, called also the C. L. of Pregnancy.
lating to a cornu. C. Myelitis, myelitis C. spongiosum, the siwngy part of the
affecting the anterior cornua of the spinal cord. penis encircling the urethra. C. striatum,
Cornus [L.].
i^kor'-nus) l)(.)gwood. The a mass of gray matter cxtemliiig inin ihe
bark of the root of C. florida, the properties lateral ventricles of the brain and comjx)scd
of which are due to a crystalline i)rinciple, of the caudate and lenticular nuclei.
cornin. It is a simple stomachic bitter and Corpuscle (kor^-pus-/) [dim. of forpits']. A
slightly antiperiodic. C, Ext. Fid. Dose small body or particle. C, Bizzozero's.
n\.x-f3J (0.65-4.0). See Blood-platehis. C, Red, of Blood, bi-
Corona [ko-ro'-nah] \_coi-ona a. garland].
,
A concave, non-nucleated discs, circular in out-
crown. C. glandis, the ridge of the glans line, and containing red coloriiigniatlcr,
penis. C. radiata, a radiating mass of white termed hemoglobin, to which the color of the
nerve-fibers ascending from the internal blood is due. Red corpuscles have been
capsule to the cortex cerebri. C. veneris, divided, according to their size, into normo-
a circle of syphilitic blotches occurring on ex-
cytes (normal in size), megalocyles (i>f
the forehead. cessive size), microcytcs (abnormally small)
Coronal [kor-o^-nal) \_corona, the crown]. and poikilocytes (of irregular shape ami si/c).
Encircling like a crown pertaining to the
;
The red cor|)uscles in the bltKxl of man are
crown of the head. C. Suture, the suture about -^^ in. in diameter and yriinf^ '"•
five millions
joining tlie frontal with the two parietal bones. thick, and their number is .al>oul
c.>n
Coronary {l;or' -o-na-rc) \_iorona, a crown]. to each cubic millimeter of bUnxl. Tlu-y
with the
A term applied to vessels, nerves, or attach- sist of a colorless stroma infiltrated
White
ments that encircle a part or organ. coloring-matter (hemoglobin). C,
Coroner {^kor^ -o-ner')\_corona,
a.
crown]. An or colorless, flattened cells, about y^50O i".
in diameter, existing in the ratio of

I
officer who
inquires by authority of the law
:
with red corjnisclfs. Their

into the causes of sudden or violent deaths. compared
they have one or
C, Inquest of, the legal incjuiry before ajury protoplasm is granular,
sudden or more nuclei and no tell- wall. They
into the cause of a vipl(?}it, deaUi. ^ i>os-
CORPUSCULAR COTYLOID
sess contractile power and alter their shape C. cerebri, the external layer of gray mat-
readily. The colorless corpuscles are vari- ter of the brain. C. renalis, the cortical
ously designated as eosinophile, basophile, substance of the kidney.
neutrophile, mononuclear, polynuclear, lym- Cortical {kor' -tik-al) {cortex, bark]. Per-
phocytes, transitional, large, small, etc. C. taining to the cortex or bark, or to the cortex
of Donne. See Colostriiin-corpttSLlcs. C, of the brain, or of the kidney. C. Epilepsy,
Malpighian, of the spleen, a name applied C. Paralysis, such as is due to a lesion of
to the lymphoid nodules of the spleen. C, the cortical substance of the brain.
Malpighian, of the kidney, the tuft of blood- Coryza [kor-i^-zah) [/co/jiif, Kopvlâ, the head].
vessels surrounded by the expanded portion Catarrh of the mucous membrane of the nasal
of the uriniferous tubule, the capsule of Bow- passages and adjacent sinuses, popularly
man. C, Norris's Invisible, colorless, called "cold in the head." See Rhinitis.
transparent, biconcave discs of the same size as SO Na
the red corpuscles, invisible in the serum be- Cosaprin(/J^.f-«/^-/-z;/),CgH^<j^Tii_(^Q_Cij
cause their color and refractive index are the A sulphoderivative of acetanilid it is a whit- ;
same as those of the liquor sanguinis. C, ish-gray powder with a slightly saline taste,
Pacinian, certain small corpuscles occurring freely soluble in water. It is used as an anti-
in the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the lin- pyretic instead of acetanilid. Dose 5 ~ ^
gers and toes. They consist of concentric grains, 3 times daily.
lamellae of connective tissue surrounding the Cosmetic (kos-ntet'-ik) {Koa/iTiTiKd^, noaficeiv,
termination of a sensory nerve. C, Tactile, to adorn], i.
Beautifying. 2. remedy A
of Wagner, the small, oval bodies found in designed to hide defects of the skin or other
the of the skin
papillae
and enveloped by nerve- external parts. C. Operation, a surgical
fibers. operation to give a natural appearance to a
Corpuscular [kor-pus' -ku-lar) \corpusculum, defective or unsightly part.
a little body]. Relating to or of the nature Cosmolin [koz'-mo-lin). See Pdrolatutn.
of a corpuscle. Costa {kos-ta/i) [L.]. A rib.
Correctant, or Corrective {kor-ck' -tant, kor- Costal {kos'-tal) \_costa, a rib]. Pertaining
ek'-tk') \_coyriger<;, to correct].
I. Modify- to the ribs. C. Arch, the arch of the ribs.
ing favorably. 2. A substance used to modify C. Cartilages, the 12 cartilaginous exten-
or make more pleasant the action of a purga- sions of the ribs.
tive or other remedy. Costive [kos'-tiv) \constipare, to be bound].
Corrigan's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Constipated.
C. Pulse, water-hammer pulse. The jerking Costiveness {kos'-tiv-ness') \_coiistipare, to be
pulse of aortic regurgitation. bound]. Constipation.
Corrigent [kor'-ij-ent). See Corrective. Costotome (kos^-to-totn) [casta, rib ; to/i6(;,
Corrosion {Jcor-o'-zhmi) \^cum, together ;
ro- cutting]. A
strong knife or heavy shears
dere, to gnaw] The process of corroding, or
. with the under blade in the shape of a hook, for
the state of being corroded. C. -anatomy, cutting the costal cartilages in dissection, etc.
that branch of anatomy which demonstrates Coto {ko^-to) [Sp., a cubit]. Goto bark.
an anatomic specimen by means of a corrosive The bark of a tree native to Bolivia. It con-
process that eats away those parts which it tains a bitter principle, cotoin,
C22H,g05, irri-
is not desired to preserve. In some cases a tant to the skin and mucous membranes. It is
resisting-substance is injected, so as to pre- recommended for diarrhea and zymotic fevers,

serve the vessels and ducts from corrosion. and for the night-sweats ofpulmonary tubercu-
C. -preparation, one in which the vessels, losis. Dose of the powder, gr. j-xv (0.065-
ducts, or cavities of organs are filled by a 1.0); of the fluid extract, gtt. v-xv (0.32-I.0);
fluid that will harden and preserve the shape of the tincture (i in ID), gtt. x-xxx (0.65-
of the vessel or cavity after the organ itself is 2.0) ;
of cotoin, gr. ss-j (0.032-0.065).
corroded or digested or otherwise destroyed. Cotton [kot^-n) [Arab, qntun, cotton]. Gos-
Corrosive together; rodere,
[kor-o'-siz') [^ctoii, sypium, a white fibrous seed-hair that envelops
to gnaw]. I. Eating away. 2. substance A the seeds of the cotton-plant. C, Absorbent,
that destroys organic tissue either by direct cotton so prepared that it readily absorbs
chemic means or by causing inflammation water. C.-root. See Gossypium. C-
and suppuration. C. Chlorid, C. Sub- seed Oil or C.-oil, oleum gossypii seminis,
limate, mercuric chlorid. See Hydrargyrum. an oil obtained by pressure from the hulled
Corrugator {kor^- u-ga -
tor) [corrttgere, to seeds of several species of Gossypium.
wrinkle]. That which wrinkles. See Mus- Cotyledon {kot
- il - e' -
don) {Korvhj&uv , a
cles, Table of. socket]. Any one of the enlarged, vascular
Cortex {kor'-tcks) [L., bark]. I. The bark villi of the chorion which project into
depres-
of an
exogenous plant. 2. The surface- sions of the decidua vera.
layer of an organ. C. aurantii, orange-peel. Cotyloid [kot' -il-oid) {ko-v'/.tj,
a cup ; EfJof,
COUCH-GRASS CRANIECTOMV
form]. Cup-shape. C. Fossa, or Cavity, The external
hage]. hnirs of the
the acetabulum. C. a ligamt.nt pod of
Ligament, Mucuna prurinis, used in medicine as a me-
surrounding the acetal)uhim. C. Notch, a chanic verinifu^jf.
notch hi the anterior and lower border of the
Cowhage, Cowitch {k<nt/aj, kmo'-ich) . See
acetabulum. Mucuna and Cowage.
Couch-grass [ko7vchf-^^ras). See Triticiim. Cowperitis {k<mi-pfr-i'-tis\ [Cmt'Pfr, an En-
"
Couching [kowch'-ing) [Fr., irt)«^//<,'r, to de- glish anatomist; iric, ir
"
'.,.
press]. The operation, now fallen into dis- flanimation of the gland> .y .
use, of depressing a cataractous len? into the gonorrheal in origin.

vitreous chamber, where it was left to be ab- a
Cow-pock, variety of pock .seen in the cow,
sorbed. and thought to correspf)nd with
.smaIl[X)X in
Cough [kof) [ME., cough, a.
cough]. A man.
sudden, violent expulsion of air after deep Coxa (koks'-ah) [coxa, hip]. Tlie hii>- joint
inspiration and closure of the glottis. C, or the hip. C. vara, bending or
twisting
Dry, that unattended by expectoration. C, of the neck of the femur.
Ear-, cough excited retlexly from some mor- Coxalgia (koks-al'-Je-ah)[coxn,A\\\p\ rt/}Of,
bid condition of the ear. C, Moist, cough Literally pain in the hip-joint, but
pain].
with free expectoration. C, Reflex, cough generally used synonymously with liip-disease.
produced by iiTitation of a remote organ, as Coxalgic (koks-al'-jik) [<<'.»</, the hip; aXjof,
C, £a?-, and C, Stomach. C, Stomach-. pain]. Relating to coxalgia.
See C. Reflex.
, C, Winter-, a short trou- Coxe's Hive-mixture. See Scill,t and An-
blesome cough of old people due to chronic timonium.
bronchitis, and recurring every winter. Coxitis {koks-i'-tis) [^roxa, the hip; /nf, in-
Coulomb [koo-lom') [after Coulomb, a French llainmation]. InHammation of the hip joint.
physicist]. The unit of measureinent of Coxofemoral {koks-o-feni'-or-al) [,(».r./,
the
electric quantity the quantity of electricity
; femur, the thigh-bone].
\\\}^; Kcialing to
that passes during one second through a con- the hip and the fenmr, as the C. joint, the
ductor having a resistance of one ohm, with hip-joint.
one volt of electromotive force. The micro- Crab-louse {krab'-lo7vs). See PeJiciihts.
coulomb is the millionth part of this amount. Crab's-eyes {krabz'-lz). Flat, calcareous
Coumarin (Jcoo'-mar-iti), C^HgOj.
vege- A concretions {Lapides canrrorum')i\Qn\ci.\ from
table proximate principle that occurs in As- the stomach of the crab they have l>ccii
;
perula odorata, in the Tonka bean, and in used as a means of removing forei^^n IxMlics
Melilotus officinalis. It conceals the odor from the eye. Also a name for the seeds of
of iodoform. Unof. Abrus prccatorius.
Counterextension [koiun' -tcr-eks-ten-shwi). Cracked-pot Sound. A peculiar sound elic-
See Eviensioit. ited by percussion over a iiulmon-iry cavity
Counterindication (J;oûn'-
ter -
in -
dik -
a -
communicating with a bronchus.
shun). See Contraindication. Cradle [kra'dl) [AS., cradol, a cradle]. In
Counterirritation i^kown' -ter -ir-it- a- shun') surgery, a wire or wicker-franie so arranj;e«l
to irritate]. Su- as to keep the weight of the bed clotliint*
\_contra, against ; irritare,
from an injured part of the Ixxly. It is em-
perficial inflammation produced artificially,
in order to exercise a good effect upon some ployed in the treatment of fractures, wounds,
adjacent or deep-seated morbid process.
etc. C, Ice-, the suspension over a febrile
- -
patient, by means
of inm frames, of a num-
Counteropening {^kown'- ter a -pen ing)
[contra, against; AS., o/>en, open].
An ber of buckets, kept half (illeil with ice, and
incision made in an abscess or cavity, opposite enclosed in a light covering.
to another, generally for purposes of drainage. Cramp {kramp) [Tent., kramp\ \ s\\t\.'.
modic tonic contraction of a muscle, attniilctl

Counterpoison [kinvn' -ter-poi-zn') \contra,
against potio, a drink].
;
A
poison given as with sharp pain. C, Professional, s|vtsm
an antidote to another poison. of C('rtain groups of nniscles. from ihrir
Counterstroke See Con- continuous use in dillVn^nt occu|>alions. a*
[ko-ton'-terstrdk).
Writer's C, IlamuuTnian's C, I'iano
tre-coup.
player's C. Dancer's
Sun- f. , etc.
Coup de soleil {koo-dnhso-lay') [I'r]-
stroke. Crane's-bill Root. See Gtraniuni.
See Ichlhyo- Cranial {kra'-ne at) [k/miWoi-,
the skull]. Re-
Court-plaster {kdrt'plas-ter).
colla. lating to the cranium.
Craniectomy nr - ek*- Id -
ntt\ \K(Mviw^
Cover (kuT'-er') \^cum, together ; operire, to {kra
cutting out]. The s«ir,;iinl
shut]. C.-glass, in microscopy, the thin skull; iK-niiii,s\
the object mounted removal of strips <>r pieits of ihe truiial

slip of glass covering
bones. It is in c.nses of micr»-
on the slide. perfomied
Cowage {ko'cti'-aj) [Hind., kawanch, cow- cephaly.
CRANIOCLAST CRANIUM
Cranioclast (kra' -ne-o-klasf) \Kpavlov, skull ;
the skull, rneasured from the glabella in front
Kkaziv, to break]. A heavy forceps for crush- to the most distant point behind. Mental
ing the fetal head. Point, the middle point of the anterior lip
Craniology {kra - ne - oF o -je) \_Kpaviov, cra- of the lower border of the lower jaw.
-
nium AoyoQ, science]. A branch of anatomy

; Metopion, or Metopic Point, a point in
comprising the study of skulls. the middle line between the two frontal emi-
Craniometer (kra-ne-om'-et-er) \Kpa\Hov, nences. Nasion, or Nasal Point, the
skull ; iicTpov, a
measure]. An instrument middle of the frontal suture
at the root of the
for measuring the dimensions of the skull. nose. Obelion, the part of the sagittal su-
Craniometric, Craniometrical {ki-a-neo- ture between the two parietal foramina.
7>iet'-rik, kra-7ie-o-iiiel' -rik-al^ l^Kpaviov, Occipital Point. See Alaxinntvi Occipi-
skull; fisrpov, a measure]. I'ertaining to tal Point. Ophryon, the middle of the
craniometry. C. Point, any one of the supraorbital line, which, drawn across the
points of measurement used in craniometry. narrowest part of the forehead, separates the
A list of the craniometric points is given. face from the cranium. Ofisthion, the
AcANTHiON, a point in the median line of middle point of the posterior border of the
the skull at the base of the nasal spine. foramen magnum. Prosthion, the alveo-
Alveoi,.\r Point, the point between the two lar point. Pterion, the point where the
middle incisors of the upper jaw. Antinion, frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid
that point on the glabellum, and in the median bones come together. RlllNlON, the upper
line, that is farthest from the inion. AsTE- median point of the anterior nasal opening.
RION, the point behind the ear where the Spinal Point. Same as Subnasal Point.
parietal, temporal and occipital bones meet. Stephanion, Inferior, the point where
Auricular Point, the center of the orifice the ridge for the temporal muscle intersects
of the external auditory meatus. Basion, the coronal suture. vStephanion, Superior,
the middle point of the anterior margin of the point where the coronal suture crosses
the foramen magnum. Bregm.\, the point the temporal ridge. SufiNASAL Point, the
where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet. middle of the inferior border of the anterior
Dacryon, or Dakryon, the point beside nares at the base of the nasal spine. SuPRA-
the of the nose where the frontal,
root AURicuLAR Point, the point vertically over
lacrymal, and superior maxillary bones the auricular point at the root of the zygo-
meet. Entomion, the point where the pari- matic process. Supranasal Point. Same
etal notch of the temporal bone receives the as Ophryon. Supraorbital Point. Same
anterior extension of the mastoid angle of Ihe as Ophryon. Symphysion, the median
parietal bone. GLAHKi.LA,or Glabellum, the point of the outer border of the alveolus of
point in the median line between the super- the lower jaw. Vertex, the superior point
ciliary arches, marked by a swelling, some- of the skull. In obstetrics, that conic portion
times by a depression. Gnathion, same as of the skull the apex of which is at the pos-
Mental Point. Gonion, the point at the terior fontanel and the base of which is
angle of the lower jaw. Hormion, the an- formed by the biparietal and trachelobreg-
terior point of the basilar portion of the matic diameters.
united sphenooccipital hone, where it is Craniometry [kra nc om' - - -
et- re) [^Kpaviov,
crossed by the median line. Inion, the ex- skull ; i^thpov, a measure]. The ascertain-
ternal occipital protuberance. Jugal Point, ment of the proportions and measurements
the point situated at the angle that the poste- of skulls.
rior border of the branch of the
frontal Craniotabes [kra ne o- ta'- bez) [upaviov,
- -
malar bone makes with the superior border skull ; tahcre, to waste away]. An atrophy
of its zygomatic branch. KoRONlON, the of the cranial bones occurring in infancy,
apex of the coronoid process of the inferior with the formation of small, shallow, conic
maxilla. LAMBr).\, the point of meeting of pits in the bone-substance. Craniotabes
the sagittal and the lambdoid sutures. Malar results from rhachitis, syphilis, or marasmus.
Point, a point situated on the tubercle on Craniotomy [kra
-
ne -
ot' - o -
fnc) \_KpaviQv,
the external surface of the malar bone, or at skull ;
a cutting].
TOUT], The operation of re-
the intersection of a line drawn from the ex- ducing the size of the fetal head by cutting
ternal extremity of the frontomalar suture to or breaking it up, when delivery is otherwise
the tubercle at the inferior angle of the malar impossible. C, Linear. See Craniectoviy.
bone and a line drawn nearly horizontally Craniotympanic [kra -ne - o- tini - pan'- ik)
from the inferior liorder of the orbit over the \_Kpaviov, the skull lvi>ipamii)t'\
; Pertaining .
malar bone to the superior border of the to the skull and the tympanum.
zygomatic arch. MAXIMUM OCCIPITAL Cranium [kra' -ne-ntn^ \jipaviov, the skull].
Point, or Occipital Point, the posterior The skull. The cavity that contains the
extremity of the anteroposterior diameter of brain, its membranes and vessels.
CRASSAMENTUM CREST
Crassamentum {/eras- am- en' -
tuni) [I.., H is an antiseptic used especially as a Hniirhe
thickness]. A clot, as of blood. in obstetric practice. It has 1
Cravat {kra-vat') {Vx., cravate\. A band- in a solutionof 5 1000 for in :
,e
age of triangular shape, used as a temponiry bowel in dysentery and i niir... ..hiis.
dressing for a wound or fracture. The mid- or Creosotum
Creosote, (krc' .n ot, •.'••"
dle is a|:)plied to the injured part, and the
\_K.piac, flesh ; aij-eiv, to preserve]. 'Hi.
ends are brought around and tied. duct of the distillation of wix-xl tar.
consi,tiiii4
Cream {krem) [cremor, thick juice or l)roth]. of a mixture of phenol It i^ nn
coniixuinds.
The rich, fat part of milk. C, Cold. See inflammable oily li(|uid, ditlcring in •
Rosa. C. of Tartar. See Potassium. from phenol. It docs nut < i„^
respect
Crease t^kres) [C>///<]. A line made by fold- late albumin or collodion. Most of the
ing. Gluteofemoral.
C., See C, Ileo- commercial creosote consists of phenol or
femoral. C, Ileofemoral, is the crease contains a large [jercentage of it. It is
that bounds the buttock below, correspond- valuable for its
antiseptic, astringent, styp
ing nearly to the lower edge of the gluteus tic, anesthetic, and escharotic proi)CTties. It
maxinius muscle. It is of supposed signifi- used extensively
is in pulmon.iry tuben ulosis.
cance in the diagnosis of hip-disease.
DoseTi\^j-iij {0.065-0.2). Beechwood Creo-
Creasol [kre'-as-ol) {ûpeag, flesh
oleum, oil], ; sote is best for internal u.se. l)osetT\_j (0.0^)5).
CgHjQ02. One of the principal phenols con- C, Aqua, a one per cent, solution. liose
tained in creosote. It is formed from guaia-
f.^j-iv (4.0-16.0). C, Mistura (It. I'.).
cum-resin, and is found in beech wood-tar. Dose f.:^j-ij (4.0-8.0). C, Ungucntum
It is a colorless, oily liquid of an agreeable (15. P.), for local application. C, Vapor
odor and a burning taste, boiling at 220° C. It (I). P.), for inhalation.
'
is very similar to guaiacol. Crepitant {krep it ant)
- -
[irepitare, to
Creasote {kre'-o-sot). See Creosote. crackle]. Possessing the character of crepi-
Creatin {kre'-af-in) {Kptaq, flesh], CJI,jN.,Oj. tus. C. Raie. See Kale an<l Breath s. .:
A neutral organic substance that occurs in Crepitation, Crepitus [krep- it a'

the animal organism, especially in the juice of krep'-it-us) \j:repitare, to crackle]. 1 lie
muscles. grating of fractured I)ones. The crackling of

Creatinin [kre-at'-in-in) Kpeag, flesh], C^Hj- the joints. The noise protluced by pressure
N3O. An alkaline substance, a normal con- upon tissues containing an abnormal amount
stituent of urine. It crystallizes in rhombic of air or gas, as in cellular em|)hyscma. .Mso
prisms, and is a strong base. It is much more the sound heard at the end of inspiration in
soluble than creatin. the first stage of croupous pneumonia. I(
Crede's Method [kra'-da'). method of A closely resembles the sound pnxluccd by rub-
expelling the placenta by grasping the uterus bing the hair between the fingers held close
firmly through the abdominal walls, kneading to the ear. C, Redux, a crepitant rile heard
it to excite contraction, and then pressing in pneumonia during the stage of resolution ;
downward toward the sacrum. usually the first manifestation of the recession
Cremaster [k re-mas' -ter) \_KpeiinEiv, to sup- of the disease.
port]. The muscle that draws up the testis. Crescent [kres'-ent) [crescerf, to grow]. I
See Muscles, Table of. Sickle-shaped, or shaped like the new moon.
Cremasteric [kre-mas-ter' -ik') [^Kps/mEiv, to 2. A name given to one fonn of the malarial
support]. Pertaining to the cremaster muscle. hematozoon. C. of Gianuzzi, groups of
C. Reflex. See Rejlexes, Table of. deeply staining cells in the acinus ofaglaml,
Cremation [kre-ma'-shun) [rrcw/^ri-, toburn]. pushed to one side by the secreting cells, and
The destruction of the body by burning, as yirol)alily representing
exhausteil cells. C.
distinguished from interment. Myopic. See Myopia..

Cremor [kre'-mor) \_cremor, broth] . Cream. Cresol {kre'-sol) [xp/nf, flesh
; oleum,
a body obtained
Any thick substance formed on the surface of oil], C^H/)^. Cresylic acid ;
a liquid. C. tartari, cream of tartar. from the distillation of coal It is tar.
Crenation (kre-na'-shun) \crena, a notch].

a colorless, caustic liipiid, with s
A notched or mulberry-like appearance of the similar to those of phenol, but is- 1^
red corpuscles of the blood. It is seen when an antiseptic. Unof.
they are to the air or strong saline

exposed Crest {krest) [</«/<;. a crest]. .\ ridge or
solutions. linear prominence, cs|H'cially of Imne. C,
Crenothrix {kren' -oth-riks) [Kp/'/vri,
a spring ; Frontal, a ridge along the middle line of the
A internal surface of the frontal bone. C. of
llpii, hair]. genus of Schizomycetes the
filaments of which are enveloped in a gelatin- Ilium, the thickened and exp.mde.l u|>|mt
ous sheath. border of the ilium. C, Lacrymal. \
Creolin flesh oleum, vertical ridge dividing the external surface of
(kre'-o-lin) [Kpiar, ;
A coal-tar product deprived of phenol.

the lacrymal bone into two parts. C, Nasal,
oil].
CRETA CROUP
a crest on the internal border of the nasal turning-point, as that of a disease, fever,
bone and forminij part of the septum of the especially the sudden favorable termination
nose. C, Occipital, a vertical ridge on of the acute symptoms of an infectious
the external surface of the occipital bone disease. C, Gastric, attacks of intense,
extending fi'om the occipital protuberance paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, often at-
to the foramen magnum. C. of Pubes, tended with vomiting. They occur in loco-
a crest extending from the spine to the inner motor ataxia.
extremity of the pubes. C. of Tibia, the Crista ikris'-tah) [L.]. Crest. C. acus-
prominent border or ridge on the front of the tica, a yellow elevation projecting into the
tibia the shin.
; C, Turbinated, a promin- equator of the ampulla of the ear. C. galli,
ent horizontal ridge on the internal surface of cock's crest, the superior triangular process
the palate bone. of the ethmoid bone.
Creta [kre'-tah) [L.]. Chalk. Native cal- Crith (kritJi) [_Kpidi/, barleycorn]. The as-
cium carbonate. C, Mistura, consists of sumed unit of mass for gases. It is the
C. pulv. cretn;. comp. 20, cinnamon-water 40,
, weight of one liter of hydrogen, which is
water 40. It is used in diarrhea. Dose if, ss .0S96 of a gram or 1. 37 grains.

(16.0). C. preparata, chalk freed
from im- Critical [krit^-ik-al) [^/jwf, a decisive point].
purities by washing. Dose gr. v— xx (0.32- Pertaining to a crisis.
1.3). Pulv., Aromat. (B. P.). Dose gr.
C, Crocus [kro'-kits] [^poA-of, crocus, saffron].
x-_:^j (0.65-4.0). C, Pulv., Comp., com- Saffron. The stigmata of the flowers of C.
pound chalk-powder, consists of C
prep. 30, satii'iis. It is an aromatic stimulant, em-
acacia 20, sugar 50. Dose gr. v-^j (0.32- menagogue, and antispasmodic. C, Tinct.,
4.0). C, Trochisci, each contains prepared 10 per cent, in strength. Dose f.^j-ij (4-0-
chalk gr. iv, acacia gr. j, sugar gr. vj, with a 8.0) of the drug, gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3),
;
nutmeg.
little in infusion.
Cretin {kre'-tiii) [Fr., c;'^//;?, a simple-minded Cross-birth. Shoulder-presentation, or other
person]. A person affected with cretinism. presentation requiring version. C.-eye.
Cretinism [kre'-tin-izm) [Fr. , cretin, z. sim- See Strabismus. C. -legged Progression,
ple-minded person]. A congenital disease, a method of walking in which one foot gets
characterized by absence of the thyroid gland, over or in front of the other.
diminutiveness of size, thickness of neck, Crossed [krosd) [crux, a cross]. Having
shortness of arms and legs, prominence of the shape of a cross. Affecting alternate
abdomen, large size of face, thickness of lips, sides of the body. C. Anesthesia. See
large and protruding tongue, and imbecility AnestJiesia. C. Hemiplegia. See C.
or idiocy. It occurs endemically in the Paralysis. C. Paralysis. .See Paralysis.
goitrous districts of Switzerland, and sjio- C. Reflexes, reflex movements on one side
radically in other parts of Euro]ie and in of the body excited by stimulation of a part
America. Lack of the secretion of the thy- on the opposite side.
roid gland seems to be the cause. Crotchet {kroch'-et) [ME., crochett, a little
Cretinoid [kre^-tin-oid) [cretin, a simple- hook]. A hook used in extracting the fetus
minded person]. I. Resembling a cretin; after craniotomy.
resembling cretinism. 2. A person who re- Croton [kro'-ton) [kp6tuv, a tick].

A great
sembles a cretin. C. State, the morbid genus of euphorbiaceous jjlants. C. eleu-
state presented by a sufferer from cretinism ; teria, yields cascarilla. C. tiglium. ."êe
cretinism. Tiglinm. C. Chloral. See Chloral biity-

Cribriform {krib' -re-fonii) \cribrnin, a sieve ;
licuM. C. Oil. See Tigliuin.
forma, form]. Perforated like a sieve, as Croup [kroof) [AS., ^r^^rtw, to cry aloud].
the cribriform plate of the ethmoid l)one. Membranous croup; pseudomembranous
Crico- [kri'-ko-] [Ap/KOf, a ring]. A prefix crouji ;
true croup ;
a disease of the larynx
denoting connection with the cricoid cartilage. and trachea of children, ]irominent symp-
"
Cricoid [kri^- koid) [/cp/zcof, a ring; kidoq, toms of which are a harsh " croupy cough,
form]. Ring-shaped. C. Cartilage, the and difficulty in breathing it is often accom-
;
ring-shaped cartilage of the larynx. panied by the development of a membranous

deposit or exudate upon the parts.
It is
Cricothyroid (kri-co-thi'-roid) \K[)'imc., a ring;
Ovpeaeidi/c, shield-shaped]. Pertaining to the usually caused by the diphtheria-bacillus,
cricoid and thyroid cartilages. C. Artery, sometimes by other microorganisms. C,
a small brancii of the superior thyroid, cross- Catarrhal, a simple non-contagious inflam-
ing the cricothyroid membrane. C. Mem- mation of the larynx accompanied by the form-
brane, a ligamentous membrane that lies ation of membrane. C, False, a spasm of
between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. the muscles of the larynx witli a slight
C. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of inflannnation. C, Spasmodic. See C,
Crisis {kri'-sis) [/c/j(ff<f, a decisive point]. A False.
CRUCIAL CUL-DESAC
Crucial [kru'-s/iul) [^cntx, a cross]. Re- person with retained testicles, /. <•., not de-
semljling or pertaining to a cross, as a crucial scended into the scrotum.
incision.
Crystal {kris'-tal) [K,„aTn\7.or, cl^-sr )»•*•],
Crura {kru'-ra/i) [plural of cfus, a leg]. See In chemistry, a substance that 4
Cius. dcfmite geometric form. C. Cha:
Crural {kru'-ral) [(vv/j-, a leg]. Pertaining den, C. Charcot's, minute coiorl'
to the C. Arch.
thigh. See Ligament. found in the sputa of asthma and l<i...]i nul^,
C. Hernia, femoral hernia. C. Ring, the and in other conditions. They con!>i&t of
femoral ring the upper opening of the fem-
;
spennin.
oral canal, bounded in front by
I'oupart's Crystallin {kris'falin) [Kpi'ara'/j'jK, clear
ligament and the deep crural arch, behind !)y The globulin of the crystalline lens.
ice].
the pubis, internally by Gimbernat's ligament, Crystalline {kris'-talen or •»//) {tn.ia-rn/jjac,
externally by a fibrous band separating it from crystal]. Like a crystal. C. Lens. Sec
the femoral vein. Lens.
Crureus {km' -re-tis) [L.]. One of the mus- Crystallization {kris-taliz-a'shuti) [n^/i'-fl
cles of the thigh. The
TrtAXof, ice]. process by which the
Crus {krus) [L.]. A
leg, limb, or support. molecules of a substance arrange them-
C. cerebelli, any one of the cerebellar pe- selves in geometric forms when passing from
duncles. C. cerebri, either of the two a gaseous or a liquid to a solid state. C,
peduncles connecting the cerebrum with the Water of, the water of salts that cannot \>c
pons. C. of the Diaphragm, either of the extracted without destruction of their crystal-
two fibromusculai bands arising in front of line nature.
the vertebra; and inserted into the central Cubeb, or Cubeba (kn'luh, or ku he' bah)
tendon of the diaphragm. C. of the [I'ers., ka-lialui, cubeb]. The unrii)C fruit
Penis, the corpus cavernosum. of C. ojjficinalis, cultivated in Java. Its
Crusocreatinin {ki-u-so-kre-af -in-i)i), C^Hg- properties are due to a volatile oil, C,jH,,,
N^( ). A leukomain, isolated from muscle- and an organic acid. It is an aromatic
tissue. stimulant, diuretic in small doses, and is
Crust (Jcriist) \c7-iista\
A covering, espe- useful in affections of the bladder and ure-
exudate on the skin.
cially a dried thra. It is also employed in catarrh of the
Crusta (knis'-tah) [L. a crust]. The infe- air-passages, etc. Dose gr. x-^:^ ij (0.65-8.0).
rior portion of the crus cerebri. C. pe- C, Ext., Fid., alcoholic. Dose n\,v-xxx
trosa, a thin layer of bone covering the (0.32-2.0). C, Oleoresina, ethereal. Dose
fang of a tooth. C. phlogistica, the yellow- n\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). C, Oleum, the volatile
ish layer of the upper stratum of a blood-clot oil. Dose tT\^v-xx (0.32-1.3). C. Tinct.,
coagulating slowly. 10 per cent, in strength. Dose ni^^-f.îij
Crutch-paralysis. Paralysis of an upper (0.65-12.0). C, Trochisci, olcorcsin pr-
of glycyrrhiza
extremity due to the pressure of the crutch- yi oil of sassafras gr. ,'/a, cxt.
,
in each
head upon the nerves of the axilla, especially gr. iv, acacia gr. ij, syr. of tolu q.s. ,
the musculospiral nerve. troche. Dose j-iij.
Cruveilhier's Disease. See Diseases, Table Cubebic Acid (/(•//-/',•//-//{•) [rw/i*-^], C„n„(\.
of.
A resinous acid body from cubebs ; actively
Crypt [kript) [/c/WTrrof, hidden].
A small diuretic and cathartic. I'nof.
sac or follicle. Crypts of Lieberkiihn, Cubebin {kit-beb'-in) [,7//v/'] .
C,nl I
,„n,. An
minute tubular depressions of the mucous odorless crystalline substance obtaincfl from
membrane of the small intestine. culiebs.
Cryptocephalus [krip-to-sef -al-tis') \jipv-Tor, Cubitus (kii'-bi-lus) [eubi/us, the ell>.>w]

hidden KEcpaA)/, head].
;
A fetal monster The forearm.
[kiM'K, atbe
Cuboid {kii'-boid) n>'^»r. re-
with an imperfectly formed and concealed ;
head. semblance]. Resembling a cul>e. C. Bone,

a bone of the foot situated at the outer ante-
Cryptophthalmos {krip-ioff-thaV -mos) \K()xm-
I. Con- rior part of the tarsus.
Toc, hidden; o(pticA/t6r, the eye].
genital union of the eyelids, usually
over ini- Cuca (koo'kah). See Erythmrvhn.
perfect eyes. 2. A person who has congeni- Cucumber, Squirting. Sec ••'.
union of the eyelids. Cuirass (^•T.'.r.M') [Kr.]. img A or

tal
inunovablc bandage for the front ol thr chest.
Cryptopin (krip'-to-pin') {K-pvinU, hidden;
One of the alka- C. Cancer, a large, tiat, carcinomatou*
QTTiov,opium], t:.^,H2.jN05. chest.
loids of opium, colorless and odorless.
It is growth upon the front of the
said to be anodyne and hypnotic, but it is less Cul de sac, or preferably. Culdesac (/«/'./«••
.\ closcil <ir "Mind" pouch
safe than morphin. Dose, gr. (0.008). ^ fj/i) [!•'.].
or sac. Douglas's C. p.-u.h Ixtwrrn
.i
Cryptorchid, or Cryptorchis {krip-for'-ki,/, nml the

hidden A the antciior vvall "f the inlunj
-kis) [/./)ii7rr(i<;, o/U'<f. testicle].
;
CULEX CURRENT
posterior wall of the uterus, formed by the re- of the body. C, Dry, a form of counter-
Hexion of the peritoneum. irritation in which the blood is drawn to the
Culex {kii'-Irks) [L., a gnat]. A mosquito. surface l)y means of a cu]i. 'i'his is used
Culture [kitl'-chur) \_Lolere, to till].
The mainly in intlanmiatory aftections of the lung.
growth of microorganisms on artificial media. C. -glass, a small bell-shaped glass capable
The act of cultivating microorganisms on arti- of holding three to four ounces, in which the
ficial media. C, Hanging-drop, a culture air is rarefied either by heat or exhaustion,
in which the microorganism is inoculated into and the glass applied to the skin, either with
a drop of fluid on a cover-glass and the latter is or without scarification of the latter. C,
inverted over a glass slide having a central Wet, with the abstraction of blood after
concavity. C. Media, certain substances scarification.
used for cultivating bacteria. They are either Cuprum {ku' pruni) [L.]. See Copper.
licpiid or solid, bouillon and milk being the Curasao {ku-ra-so') [Island of Curacno, north
important liquid, and gelatin, agar-agar, of Venezuela]. A
cordial or elixir prepared
blood-serum, and potato, the principal solid from brandy, and flavored, principally with
media. C, Plate, a culture of bacteria on orange-peel. It is used as a vehicle for cer-
a medium spread upon a flat plate or in a tain medicines.
double dish. C, Pure, a culture of a sin- Cura9oa [ku-ras-o^-afi). See Curacao.
gle microorganism. C, Stab, one in which Curara, Curare, Curari {koo-rah'-rah, koo-
the medium is inoculated by means of a needle rals'-rcc, koo-rah' -re) [S. Am.]. Woorara.
bearing the microorganisms, and which is in- A vegetable extract obtained from Paiillinia
serted deep down into the medium. eurare and certain members of the Strychnos
Cumulative (ku'-ttiu-la-th') \cutnulare, to family. It is a powerful paralyzant of the
heap up]. Increasing; adding to. C. Ac- motor nerves and of the voluntary muscles.
tion, or Effect, the production of a marked Its active principle is curarin, C,qII,-N;
and sudden result, after the administration of dose gr. o^ ^ -^^q, hypodermically. It is
a considerable number of comparatively in- used in S. America and elsewhere as an

effective doses. arrow-poison. Toxic doses cause death ly
Cundurango {J;un-diiran' -go). See Condu- paralysis of the organs of respiration. It has
rango. been reported efiectual in cases of hydropho-

Cuneate [/cu'-nc-at) \ciiiieus, a wedge]. bia and tetanus. Dose by hypodermic injec-
Wedge-shaped tion gr. -!y-Q~\ (0.003—0.01). For hypodermic
Cuneiform [ku-ne'-if-orm) [ainetis, a wedge ; injection a solution of 5 grains in 60 minims
fonna, shape]. Wedge-shaped, cuneate. C. is employed. Dose Tr^ j-vj (0.065-0.4).
Bones, three wedge-shaped bones at the an- Curcuma {ker'-ku-mah') [L.]- Turmeric.
terior part of the tarsus. C. Columns. See The rhizome of Curetinia longa of India. Its
Columns of Biirdach. action is similar to that of ginger. It is em-
Cuneus [kit'-tif-us) [T. a wedge]. A wedge-

, ployed as a yellow dye in chemistry, as a
;
shaped convolution on the mesial aspect of test for alkalies, which turn it brown and in ;
the occipital lobe. pharmacy, occasionally, to color ointments

Cuniculus {ku-nik'-7i-his) [L.]. The bur- and other preparations.
row of the itch-insect. Curd [kerd) [ME., curd, curds]. The coag-
Cup (/fv//) [AS.,«i'//<', a cup]. I. To bleed. ulum of milk that separates on the addition of
2. A cupping-glass. C, Dry, a cup for rennet or an acid to milk.
merely drawing the blood to the surface. C, Cure [ki'ir) \cura, care]. The successful
Favus, a depression in a favus-scale sur- treatment of a disease also, a system of
;
rounding a hair. C, Glaucomatous, a treatment, as Faith-cure, Mind-cure, Grape-

deep depression in the optic papilla seen in cure, Water-cure (see Hydropathy), Hunger-
cases of glaucoma. C, Physiologic, the cure, Rest-cure, etc. C, Potato, a method
normal concavity of the optic papilla. C, of treating foreign bodies in the alimentary
"Wet, a cup for abstracting blood through in- tract by the ingestion of mashed potatoes.
cisions in the skin. The body becomes imbedded in the potato-
Cuphosis {ki(-fo'-sis). See Kyphosis. mass that is formed.

Cupped (/v///) [AS., «///<•, a cup]. Having Curetor Curette {ku-ret') [Fr.]. An instru-
the upper surface depressed applied to the
;
ment shaped like a spoon or scoop, for scrap-
coagulum of blood after phlebotomy. C. ing away exuberant or dead tissue.
Disc, excavation of the optic papilla, nor- Currant-jelly Clot. A soft, red clot seen
mally present in slight degree, but pathologic post-mortem in the heart and blood-vessels.
if excessive. Current {kur'-ent) \^currere, to run].
A
Cupping {kup'-i)i<f) [AS., aippc, a cup]. A term apjilied to the transference of electric
method of blood-derivation by means of the force, which is likened to the flow of a liquid
application of cupping-glasses to the surfice in a tule. C, After, a current produced in
CURSCHMANN'S SPIRALS CYDONIUM
nervous or muscular tissue when a constant Cutis The diTtna, or true
{ku'-tis) [I..].
current whicli has been llowinL; tlirout^li tlie skin. C. anserina. See (ioos^ skin. C.
same has been stopped. C, Alternating, testacea, a variety of scl,orrhea in wliich
a term applied to a current which, by means the trunk and cxtcns<jr surfaces of the ex-
of an interrupter, is alternately direct and re- tremities are covered with large, thick
plates
verse. C, Ascending, the current formed of greasy, inspissated sebum,
usually (greenish
by placing the positive electrode upon the or blackish, from accumulation of dirt
Ufon
periphery of a nerve and the negative higher them. C. unctuosa. Synonym of Stbor
up on the trunk of the nerve, or on the sur- rhca.
face over the nerve-center in the spinal cord. Cutisector {kute-sek'tor)\^cutis,^\n ; sector,
C, Battery, a galvanic current. C, Cen- a cutler]. An instrument for taking small
trifugal, a descending current. C, Centri- sections of skin from the living subject.
petal, an ascending current. C, Constant, Cutol [ku'-tol). Aluminum jj^jricolanni
See C, CoufiniioKs. C, Continuous, a cum. A powder, insoluble in water, used in
constant, uninterrupted current in one direc- dermatology.
tion. C, Derived, a current drawn off by a Cyanic [si-an^ ik) [^Kvavor, blue]. IMue or
derivation-wire from the main current. C., bluish. C. Acid. See AciJ, Cyanic.
Descending, one passing through a nerve Cyanid («'''-rt«-i(/) [Ki^niôr, blue]. Any com-
centrifugally, the anode being placed proxi- pound of cyanogen with a metal or a radicle.
mally, the cathode distally. C, Direct, a cur- Most of the cyanids are actively |Miis<'niius.
rent constant in direction, in contradistinction Cyanogen (si-an'-ojcu)\Kinvi>r,\t\\xtt\ j/rr.ic,
to an alternating current. C, Faradic, the to produce]. A radicle having the structure
current produced by an induction-coil, or by a CN, an acid compoun<l of carl ion and nitro-
magnetoelectric machine. C, Galvanic, a gen, existing as a colorless, combustible gas ;
current generated by the decomposition of it is
exceedingly poisonous.
acidulated water by means of metallic plates. Cyanosis {si-an-o'-sis) \ji'vavnr, blue]. A
C, Induced. See C, Secondary. C, Inter- bluish discoloration of the skin frnm de-
rupted, a current that is alternately opened ficient oxidation of the blood caused iiy local
and closed. C, Labile, a current applied or general circulatory disturbances. C,
while moving one or both electrodes over the Congenital, blue disease ; cyanosis due
surface treated.C, Reversed, that pro- to a congenital lesion of the heart or the
duced by changing the poles. C, Secon- great vessels.
in a coil Having
dary, momentary currents produced Cyclic (.9/''-/('//7')[Ki'K2/K(5r, circular].
of insulated wire, introduced within the field cycles or periods of exacerbation or change ;
of another coil, when the circuit is made or intermittent. C. Albuminuria. See Albit-
broken in the second coil. C, Stabile, a 7iiimiria. C. Insanity. See Imanity.
current applied with both electrodes in a Cyclitis {si-kli'-tis) {K'vKf.hc, a circle ; <T/f,
fixed position. C, Voltaic, the continuous inflammation]. Inflammation of the ciliarj'
body, manifested by a zone of congestion in
•
current.
Curschmann's Spirals. Spiral threads of the sclerotic coat surrounding the c<irnca.
mucin contained in the .small, thickpel- It may be serous, plastic, or sujipuralivc.
lets that are expectorated during an asthmatic Iridocyclitis, the involvement of lx)th iris
They are supposed tobe casts and ciliary body in the inflammatory pr<K-ess.
paroxysm. a
of the bronchioles, and contain Charcot- Cyclocephalus (si-k/o-sc/'-al-tis) [Ki»;/<>t,
Lcyden crystals and eosinophile cells. circle; Kopn'/ii, head]. species of single
.\
Curvature [kiir'-vat-ur) [cw/r^rt/r, to curve]. autositic monsters characterized by a more

A bending or curving. C., Angular. See or less complete absence of the olfactory
union of
Spondylifis. C, Pott's, angular curvature organs, together with an intimate
or rudimentary visual
of the spine, with a posterior projection. imperfectly developed
C. of Spine, a bending of the vertebral organs, situated in the
median line.
circle;
column. Cycloplegia {si-k/o />/c'-/c •i/i)[iiih/.nf,
A of the
Cuscamin {kus'-kam-in). crystalline sub- n-h/y^, a stroke]. Paralysis ciliarj-
stance found in cinchona. muscle of the eye.

The eminence circle ; «ji/', eye].
Cusp {kusp) {ctispis, apoint]. Cyclops [si'-klops] [Ki«Artf,
on the crown of a tooth. A congenital malformation consisting
in •
Cusso {kits'-o). See Brayera. fusion of the two eyes into one.
•
Cutaneous {kii-ta' -ne-ns) [r«//.f,

the skin]. Cyclotomy (siklot'-onic) [kiO.tr,
to the skin. C.
Emphysema. TO/;;/, sertion].
An oiyration for the
Pertaining of an incision thiuM^jh
See EnipJiysrma. C. Respiration, the of glaucoma, consisting
of the skin. the ciliary body.
transpiration gases through a
Cuticle {ktt'-tikl) [dim. of cutis, the skin]. Cydonium (.f/-,/</-Mf-«w)[«'«'«Ji"<»'. <l"iiK"<"l-
em
The seeds of ('. VM/ij.ins,
The epidermis or scarf-skin. Quince-seed.
I
CYESIS CYSTOSCOPE
ployed mainly for the mucilage contained in See C, Dermoid. C, Daughter, any one»
the covering, which consists of a compound of the small cysts developed by secondary
of gum and glucose. C, Mucilago, quir.ce- growth from the walls of a large cyst. C,
seeds 2, macerated in water lOO parts, is a Dentigerous, one containing teeth. C,
bland demulcent, and is used as a hair-dress- Dermoid, a congenital cyst containing bone,
ing- . . . ,
hair, teeth, etc. C, Echinococcus, a cyst
Cyesis (^si-e^-sis) [/1/7/ff/f, pregnancy]. Preg- formed in various tissues and organs of man
nancy. by the larva of the Ta.nia echinococcus of the
Cyetic [si-et^-ik) \_KVT]TtK6q, pregnant]. Re- dog, taken into the stomach. C, Extra-
lating to pregnancy. vasation, a cyst formed by the encapsula-
Cylinder (^sil^-in- i/er) \_Kv\i,vdpnq,
a cylin- tion of a hemorrhage into the tissues. C,
der] See Lens. Follicular, one due to the occlusion of the duct
Cylindroid {sil'-iiidroid) [^n'v'kivt'ipnr, cylin- of a small follicle or gland. C, Hydatid.
der; t'trfof,likeness]. A
name given to a See C, Echinococcus. C, Meibomian. See
mucous cast frequently found in the urine in Chalazion. C, Mucous, a retention-cyst
cases of mild irritation of the kidney. Cylin- containing mucus. C, Multilocular, one
droids are ribbon-like forms, usually of great composed of many separate compartments.
length, and of about the same diameter as C, Retention, one
that is due to the reten-
renal casts. They may assume various tion of the secretion of a gland, in conse-
shapes. One extremity is usually pointed quence of closure of the duct, as in mucous or
and may be drawn out into a long tail. sebaceous cysts. C, Sebaceous, a reten-
Cylindroma {sil-in-dro'-niah ) [K/'/Yi'rfpof, a tion-cyst of a sebaceous gland. C, Soften-
cylinder]. A myxosarcoma in which the ing, one due to encapsulation of the
degeneration is confined to areas surrounding fluid after liquefaction-necrosis. C, Sub-
the blood-vessels. lingual. See Rauiila. C, Unilocular, one
Cynanche \kvu\\ a dog
{siii-ang'-ke) ay- ; having but a single cavity.
jt'in', to strangle]. An old name for any Cystadenoma [sist-ad-en-o^- »iah) [a/ot/c,
acute affection of the throat, as diphtheria, cyst; a()7]v, gland; oua, a tumor]. An ad-
croup, tonsillitis, etc., in which the patient enoma containing cysts.
struggles for breath (as a panting dog). C. Cystalgia {sisf-aF-jc-ah) [kvoti^, bladder ;
maligna, a fatal form of sore-throat. C. dA}of, pain]. Pain in the bladder.

suffocativa. Synonym of Croup. C. Cystic [sist'-ik) [Ki'rrr/^, bladder]. I. Pertain-
tonsillaris. See Quinsy. ing to or resembling a cyst. 2. Pertaining
Cynanthropia [sin-an-tkro'-pe-ah) [hrwi', to the urinary bladder or the gall-bladder.

dog; avdpuTcoq, a man]. A mania in which Cysticercus [sis-tc-ser'-kus) \_Kv(STiq, a blad-
the patient believes himself a dog, and imi- der ; KtpKog, a tail]. The embryo of a tape-
tates the actions of one. worm when it has reached the encysted stage.
Cynic [sin'-ik) [Ki'i'/'Kof, dog-like]. Pertain- An hydatid. C. cellulosae, the larval parasite
ing to a dog. C. Spasm, a contraction of inhabiting the intermuscular connective tissue
the facial muscles upon one side, so as to ex- of the pig, producing the condition known
pose the teeth in the manner of an angry dog. as "measles." It is rarely found in the
Cynurenic Acid {sin-it-reu'-i/: ) \_Krui\ a tissues of man. Its progenitor is the tania
dog; ovpov, urine], C2nII]4N.Ôg -^ 2H.Ô. solium.
A crystalline acid found in dog's urine. Cystin [sisi'-in) [/ii'rrr/f, bladder], CgH^N-
It a decomposition-product of proteids.
is
SO.^. A substance found in the urine. It
On heating it cynurin is evolved. occurs in regular, colorless, six-sided tables,
Cypripedium \sip-re-pe' -de-uiii') \_Kv-Kpiq, of very characteristic appearance.
Venus; 7rof5/oi', a slipper]. Lady's slipper. Cystinuria (sist-in-id-rc-ah) \_K'vaTiQ, bladder;
The pubescens and C. pa>"'i-
roots of C. Qvpiiv, urine]. The presence of cystin in the
florum, American valerian, the properties of urine.
which are due to a volatile oil and acid. It Cystitis {sisf-i'-tis^ \_K)OTir, bladder iric, in- ;
is an antispasmodic and stimulant tonic, used flammation]. Inflammation of the bladder.

instead of valerian, which it resembles. C, Cystitome [sisF-it-d/ii). See Cystotome.
Ext., Fid. Dose nLx-xxx (0.65-2.0). Cystocele (sist'o-sel') pouch; Kif/ri, a
[/f/'or/f,
Unof. tumor]. A hernia of the bladder.
[sisf-o'-Diah) [^Ki'arig, a cyst; bitn,
Cyrtometer [sir-fom'-ef-er) [/ii'prdf , curs'ed ; Cystoma a
fihpov, a measure]. An instrument adapted tumor]. A new growth made up of cysts;
for measuring curves. One form is used to applied especially to ovarian cysts.
locate the fissures of the brain. Cystopexy [sist'-o-pcks-e) [Kvarir, bladder;
Cyst [sist) [K'vnTir, a pouch]. A cavity con- TT7/in;, fixation]. Fixation of the bladder, an
taining fluid and surrounded by a capsule. operation for the cure of cystocele.
C, Blood. See llgiiiatoina. C, Cutaneous. Cystoscope [sist'-o-sl'dp) \_Kva-iQ, bladder;
CYSTOTOME DARWINISM
OKoweiv, to examine]. An instrument for in- forms about three percent, of the
pulp of iJit
specting the interior of the bladder. lymphatic glands.
Cystotome {sisl^-o-idm) [(ciOarff, bladder; Cytometer (si /oiii'etur) [Kvror, ceW; fiirim;
Tf/ivtiv, to cut]. A
knife used in
cystotomy; a measure]. A device for coun(ih|{ cells,
also a knife used in rupturing the
capsule of especially blood-corpuscles. See albo IJeiita-
the lens in cataract-operations.
cytontttdr.
Cystotomy [sist-ot^-o-fiu) [w'ar(f, bladder; Cytomitoma {si-to-mi-to'-m.ih) [xi'tot, cell ;
rofirj, a cutting]. Incision of the bladder. a fiber]. The tibrillar jwrt of a cell
//'Vof,
Cytochrome {si'-to-krbni) \kv-u<;, cell: xi'i^'ftt, body. .See Mitonui.
color]. A terra applietl by Nissl to nerve-
Cytoplasm, or Cytoplasma {si'-to-platui, on
cells deficient in cell-protoplasm, the nucleus
situ-plaz'-iiKili) [m Ti«;, cell ; nhia/jo, any
not being completely surrounded. The nu- thing formed]. Protoplasm.
cleus stains well and is about the size of the Cytoreticulum {ii-tore-tik'ulum') [(ri-nif,
leukocyte-nucleus. cell; rttkultim, a little net]. Same as Cytoitii-
Cytode [si'-idii) [/cirof, a cell enhq, form]. ; toiiia.
The simplest, most primitive form of cell; Cytosome {si'-(o-suni) [m'toc, a cell ouiui, ;
without nucleus or nucleolus. a body]. A cell-body as dislinguiilicd from

Cytogenesis {si-fo-jt-ti'-es-is) [/cirof, a cell ;
the nucleus.
yeveaic, production]. The formation or Cytozoon (si-to-zo'-on) [KVTnr, cell ; Qî;
genesis of the cell. animal]. A protoplasmic cell -mass, | rob.ibly
Cytoglobin {si-fo-glo'-l>in) [/irrof, a cell ; parasitic in nature, with in<lepen<lrii( move-
globus, a ball]. An albuminoid, obtainable ment found by ( jaule
; in defibrinaled blood
in the form of a white, soluble powder. It and other structures.
D
D. An abbreviation for dexter, right dioptry ; ;
Turnera aphrodisiaca, found in Mexico and
and detnr, let it be given. Lower California stimulant tonic and
;
a
Dacryadenitis, Dacryoadenitis {Jak-re-aJ- aphrodisiac. It is the basis of a great num-
en-i^-tis, dak-re-o-ad-en-i' -tis) \pasipvov, a ber of quack remedies. D., Ext. Uosc gr.
tear; dJ^t", a gland ; (r/f, inflammation]. In- ij-x (0.13-0.65). D., Ext., Fid. Lio.M:
flammation of the lacrymal gland. 1TLx-f_:jj (0.65-4.0). Dose of the leaves ^j
Dacryocystitis [dak-re-o-sis ti' tis) \fiaK{>vov, (32.0) daily. All unof.
tear; wrrr;';, a sac ; /r^c, inflammation]. In- Dammar (i/a/td-ar) [Hind., i/<////(;r, resin].
flammation of the lacrymal sac. A gum or resin produced by various si>ecics
Dacryolith {dak^-re-o-litli) \JidKpvov, tear ; of Daininara and other trees. D., True, is
stone].
A/flo(-, calcareousA concretion in obtained from the Diitiimara oriettlalis, a
the lacrymal passages. coniferous tree, indigenous in the Ka-»i In-
Dacryops i^dak' -re-ops) [SiiKprov , tear; b\l>, dies, and also from Dauimara aitstnilis, in
eye]. I. A
watery eye. 2. A cyst of the New Zealand.
duct of a lacrymal gland. Dance, St. Vitus's. See Chorea.
Dacryocystotome [dak-re-o-sis'-lo-toni) [(Jd/c- Dancing Mania. See Choroimmia.
i>viiv,2i tear; kv(7tu:, a.-ia.c; to/^/), a cutting]. Dandelion {d<nd-de-/ion). See laraxitnim.
An instrument for dividing strictures of the Dandruff {dan'-dnif) [\Vel>h, Ion, >kin ;
lacrymal passages. dmig, bad]. The scurf or scales formed

JCacryocystoblennorrhea [dak -re -a- sis to
- -
upon the scalp in seborrhea.
a tear Kvartt;, a sac Dandy [dati'-de) Fever. Sec Dengue.
bli-n-or-e'-ah') [(5d/cpvov, ; ;
the Sê
fllivva, mucus poia, a flow].
;
Chronic in- Daphne {daf'-ne) [iViipvri, laurel].
tlainmation of the lacrymal sac with a muco- Mczereon.
Darier's Disease. See Diseases. Table of.
purulent discharge.
Dartos The
Dactylitis [dak-til-i^-tis) \_(^dKTv7ioq, a finger ; (</<//'-/.'.>) flayed].
[<l<iprdf,
Inflammation of a contractile musculofibrous layer l>cncath the
LTiQ, inflammation].
skin of the scrotum.
finger or toe.
See Dartrous t)f the
Daemonomania {de-mo-no-?na' -ne-ak). {dar'-trus) [Vx., dartre\
DeiiioJioinaitia. nature of tetter or herpes ; hcr|)c«ic.
Dalton-Henry Law. -See Law. Darwinism [dar'-win-itm). The doctrine '
Daltonism {daF -ton-izni) \_Dalton, a phy- that higher organisms have been .1 I
Color-blindness. from lower forms by the inlhunce .
sician].
Dam. See Rtibher-dam. selection, a theory advocated by cl»*ilc*
Damiana {dam-e-an'-ah). The leaves of Darwin.
DATURA DECUSSATION
Datura {da-tu'-rah) \\\mA. , dhatura , 3i ctx- cially as performed on the fetus when other
tain plant]. A
genus of SolanacecE, or means of delivery have failed.
night-shade family. D. stramonium. See Decay [de-ka^) \_de, down cadere, to fall].
;
Styamonimn. I. Putrefactive change. 2. The ultimate kata-
Daturin {da-tti' -riii) [Hind., dkafurci, a cer- bolic state decline of life, of health, or of
;
tain plant]. A poisonous alkaloid from the one or more functions.

thorn apple. See Atropin. Deci-((/t'5^-if-) \_decem, ten].A prefix which,
Daughter {daw'-ter). A female child or joined to the metric units of length, capacity,
descendant. D.-cell. See Cell. D.-cyst, and weight, signifies a measure one-tenth
a cyst formed within a cyst. D. -nuclei. as large as the unit. See Metric System.
See Karyokincsis. D.-star, an amphiaster. Decidua [de-sid' -it-ali) \_decidiius, a falling
See Karyokinesis. off]. The mucous membrane which lines
Day-blindness. See Nyctalopia ; also the and surrounds the ovum during
uterus
He)iieralo[îa. pregnancy. D. refiexa, that part of the
Deaf {dcf) [A.S., deaf, deaf]. Lacking the decidua growing about the ovum and enclos-
sense of hearing in a condition of impaired
; ing it as a sac. D. serotina, that part of
hearing. D. -mutism, the state of being the decidua vera upon which the ovum lies,
both deaf and dumb the deafness may be
;
and from which the placenta is subsequently
congenital or acquired, and prevent the indi- formed. D. vera, the thickened, vascular,
vidual from learning to speak. D. -mutism. spongy mucous membrane of the gravid
Hysteric, a condition of deaf-mutism of uterus.
sudden development, due to hysteria. Deciduoma {de-sid-u-o'-viah ) \dccidiius, a
Deafness [dc-f'-nes) [AS., dcdf, deaf]. The falling off; own, a tumor]. An intrauterine
state of being deaf. Deafness may be due tumor containing decidual relics, and be-
to disease of the external auditory canal, the lieved to arise from some hyperplasia of a
middle ear, the internal ear, the auditory retained portion of the decidua. By some it
nerve, or the brain. D., Boilermakers', is considered a sarcoma.
deafness resulting from
working among Deciduous {de-sid'-u-us) \de, away, from ;
machinery, and characterized by inability to cadere, \.o fall]. Falling off. D.' Teeth,
hear ordinary conversation, while hearing- the temporary teeth or milk-teeth.
power is increased amidst loud noise. D., Declination [dek-lin-a'-shiai) \_declinare, to
Cerebral, that due to a brain-lesion. D., decline]. The
dip of the magnetic needle.
Cortical, that due to disease of the cortical Decline {de-khn') \_decliiiare, to bend]. A
centers for hearing it may be; absolute, or gradual decrease, as of a fever; a wasting
consist in the inaljility to comprehend spoken away of the bodily strength.
—
language a psychic deafness. D., Word. Decoction {de-kok'-shun') \decoquere, to boil
Synonym of Z>.
Psychic.
, down]. Aliquid preparation obtained by
Death {dcl/i) [AS., VfJ///, death]. The ces- boiling vegetable substances in water.
sation of D., Black, an. exceedingly
life. Decoloration (j.ie-ktil-or-a' -shmi) \_decolorare ,
" Removal
fatal epidemic called the Plague," which to deprive of color]. of color.
occurred in Europe during the 14th century, Decomposition i^de-kom-po-zisk' -un) [decom-
I. The
and during which, it is estimated, 20,000,000 potiere, to decompose]. separation of
persons died. D., Local, death of a part. the component principles of a body. 2. Putre-
D., Molecular, death of individual cells; ul- factive fermentation.
ceration. D., Somatic, death of theorgan- Decortication [ile-kor-tik-a' -shiiii) \de, from ;
ism as a whole. cortex, the bark]. I. The strijiping of the

Debove's Membrane. See Alembrane. bark or husk of a plant. 2. The stripping
Deca- ten]. Ten; prefixed to
((/<;'/(''-«-) [<5t7c«,
off of portions of the cortical substance of
the units of weight, capacity, and length in the the brain from the summits of the gyri.
metric system, it signifies a measure ten times Decubitus [de-ktd -bit-its) \decnmhere, to lie
as large as the unit. See Metric System. down]. I. The position of a sick person
Decalcification {de-kal-sif-ik-a'-shiiii) \jie while in bed. 2. A
bed sore, usually acute
priv.; calx, lime; facei'e, to make].
The inonset and due to spinal lesions
withdrawal of the lime-salts of bone. Decussate {de-kus' -at) [dccit^satus, crossed].
Decalcify ((/i'-/f'(?/'-i//"-/) [(/if priv. ; calx,\\vae.; To intersect, to cross.
facere, to make]. To remove lime-salts Decussation (dc-kus-a'-shuii) \_decnssatio, a
from tissues. crossing]. A X
chiasma or -shaped crossing,
Decantation (de kan-ta' -shuii) \de, down ; especially of symmetric parts, as of nerve-
cantus, a side]. The operation of removing fibers or nerve-tracts, or of nerve-filaments.
the supernatant fluid from a sediment. The principal decussations are that of the op-
tic nerve and that of the lateral pyramidal
Decapitation {de-kap-it-a'-sliun) [de, from;
caput, head]. The act of beheading, espe- tracts in the medulla.
DEEP REFLEXES DELIVER
Deep Reflexes. See R.jlcxes, Tuble of. D. ear, stammering, su|><.Tnutnerary or defirient
Water, water obtained from a porous layer digits, etc., observed in jtersoris '.
bLMioath the impervious stratum.

first t^
psychic degeneration. D., Walk: ^

Defecation {def-ek-a' -shun) [dr/uran; to sep- degeneration of nerve fibers and tratu aiicr
arate from the dregs]. The evacuation of separation from their trophic cciilL-rs.
the bowels.
Deglutitio impedita ( df -glu tith ' e o -
Defensive Proteids. Those substances

formed in the bodies of animals that render
iinped-i' tiih). Synonym of /' '/,,,..,_
Deglutition {deg-lu-tis/i'un) :j, «
them immune against certain diseases. The act of swaii...Mn^.
swallowing].
Deferent {def'-er-eni) [deferens, carrying Dehiscence {de-liis' -ens) \de, ofl ; htui-rf, to
away]. Carrying away or down ; efferent. gape or yawn]. The act of splitting
op. :.
Defervescence {de-fer-ves'-ens) [defervescere, Dehydration {de-hidru'-shuii) [de, a\»j)
to cease boiling]. Disappearance of fever. from; iJu/j, water]. The removal o(
Defibrination ((/<?-y?-/;;7«rt'-.f/^««) \_de, from; water.
fibra, a fiber] . The removal of fibrin from Deiters' Cells. I. Certain cellular structure*
blood or lymph. between the outer hair-cells of the organ •,(
Definition {defin-is/t^ -un) \_definitio ; defin- Corti. 2. The D. Process,
neuroglia-cell.s.
ire, to bound by In optics, the the process of a nerve-cell that
limits]. goes to form
power of a magnifying lens to show clear an axis-cylinder.
outlines of the object examined, free from Dejecta (de-jek' -lah) [L.]. Eeces.
aberration or distortion. Dejection {de-jek' -shun) [dejectio ; (A-.down;
Deflagration {defldg-ra'-skim) \_deflagrare, jacere, to throw]. The discharge of fecal
to be consumed]. A sudden, violent com- matter the matter so discharged.
;
bustion, such as accompanies the oxidation of Delamination {de lain - in - a'- shun) [de,
certain inorganic substances by mixing them lamina, a plate]. The
away ;
splitting into
with an easily decomposing salt, such as the layers.
alkaline chlorates and nitrates. Delhi Boil See luinmculus
{del'-he boil).
Defluvium capillorum {de-flu' -ve-um kap-il- oricnlalis.
{del ig a' shun) [deligatio, a

- - -
or'-Hiii). Alopecia. Deligation
Defluxion [de -flitk'-s/iun) [defuxio; de, binding]. Ligation, as of an artery.
down ;
Jii/ere, to flow]. A
discharge. Deliquescent {del-ik-wes'-ent) [deliqnescere,
Deformity, Anterior. See Lordosis. to melt away].
Dissolving. Applied es|)e-
Degeneration {de-jen-er-a'-shwi) \_degene- cially to salts that absorb moisture from the
r(zr<f, to become base]. I. A morbid process air and liquefy.
consisting in the conversion of the elements Deliriant, Delirifacient {de-le'-re-an
of a tissue into some inert substance. 2. A le-refa'-she-e)tt) [delirium, madness; j
term indicating imperfect or abnormal devel- to make]. Producing delirium.
opment of the psychic faculties. D., Albu- Delirious {de-W -re-us)[delirus, mad, raving].
minoid. Synonym of D., Amyloid. D., .*\ffected with delirium.
Amyloid. See Aviyloid. D., Ascending, Delirium {dele'-re-um) [delirium, madness ;
a trojihic degeneration of nerve-fibers or tracts de, out of; lira, the furrow]. :\ condition of
progressing from the site of the original lesion mental excitement with ct>nfusi(m and u~'. .
toward the cerebrum. D., Colloid, the hallucinations and illusions. D., Alcohoiic.
change of the protoplasm of epithelial cells See D. tremens. D. cordis, a violent, tumul-
into a substance that resembles mucus, but is tuous beating of the heart. D., Febrile, the
not precipitated by alcohol or acetic acid. D., delirium of fever. D. of Grandeur, a convli-
Descending, a degeneration of nerve-fibers tion in which an individual has insanely .
or tracts extending peripherally from the gcrated ideas of his own importance
.
original lesion. D., Fatty, a change of the possessions. D. of Persecution, thai m

proteids of the tissues into fat. D., Hyaline, which the patient imagines himself the uMii i
a degeneration affecting particularly the con- of persecution. D., Toxic, delirium e

nective tissue of the walls of blood-vessels, by poisons. D. tremens, ihc delirium an-n.-
and giving rise to a substance resembling from alcoholic poisoning, ll is characleii/eil
by constant tremor, insomnia, great e\1i
-
amyloid material but lacking its reactions.
See Amyloid. D., Mucoid, the degeneration tion, distressing illusions, and halhuin.c
of tissue into a jelly-like, transparent sub- Delitescence {delit-es'ens) [delitescerc .
stance containing mucin. D., Myxomatous. hid]. The sudden disappearance of iu.
Synonym of D., Mucoid. D., Parenchy- mation by resolution.
matous. See Cloudy Sivelliiig. D., Re- Deliver {deli-y-ei) [de, from liberare, to ;
actions of. See Reaction. D., Signs of, free]. To free from somclhing, fspecinllv to
"
deliver a woman of a child, or of the
physical imperfections, .such as asymmetry of
'
The word is also applied to tin .nl

corresponding parts, adherent lobules of the
birth. ;
DELIVERY DENTICULATE
removed, as to deliver the placenta or a ticularly of the face. It probably does not
tumor. ]iroduce any symptoms.
Delivery [i/e-liv'-er-c] [Fr., delivrer ; dclih- Demography [de-iiiog'-rafie), [''////of, the
irare, to set free.] The
act of delivering or people ^ftcKpstv, to write].
;
The science of
freeing from something, especially the reliev- peoples collectively considered social sci-
;
ing of a woman from the contents of the ence, inchuling that of vital statistics and the
uterus. Parturition ; child-birth. D., Post- consideration of questions of state medicine.
mortem, the birth of a fetus after the death 'DQrnor\oma.nia.{de-tiion-o-jna' -ne-ali)[(âi fiuv,
of the mother. a devil //ar/a, madness].
;
A
form of mad-
Delomorphous {tiel-o-mor'-fus) \JîpMq, con- ness in which a person imagines himself
spicuous; form].
l-iojxpi/, Having a conspic- possessed of a devil.
uous form. D. Cells of RoUet, large, well- Demulcent [de-iiiul'-sent) \_deijiiileere, tc
defined cells, between the membrana propria soothe]. I. Soothing; allaying irritation of
and the chief cells of the fmidus-glands of surfaces, especially mucous membranes. 2.
the gastric mucous membrane. They are A soothing substance, particuhwly a slippery,
supposed to secrete the hydrochloric acid. mucilaginous liquid.
Delphinin, Delphinium, Delphinoidin, Denarcotized \de-nay'-ko-tizd) [de priv.;
Delphisin {del' -fin-in, delfin'-e-iun,dcl-fin- vapiMTiKog, narcotic]. I.
Deprived of nar-
oid'-in, dcl'-fis-in). See Slaphisagria. cotizing qualities. 2. Of opium, deprived
Deltoid {del'-toid) [delta, the Greek letter of narcotin.
A ; niSoc, likeness]. Having the shape of the Dendritic (den-drif -ik) [^kvi^pov, a tree].
Greek letter delta ; triangular, as the D. Branching like a tree.
Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Dengue {deng'-ga) [West Ind.]. Break-
Delusion [de lu' - zlnui) \ite, from; liisus,
-
bone fever; dandy fever; an acute, epidemic,
play]. A false belief, the falsity of which is infectious disease, characterized by a febrile
apparent, but out of which the person can- paroxysm, severe pains the bones, joints,
in
not be reasoned by indubitable evidence. and muscles, and, a cutaneous erup-
at times,
Delusional [de lu'- zhiin -
al) \_deli(dere, to tion. The period of incubation is from 3
delude]. Of the nature of a delusion ; to 5 days the invasion is sudden, with high
;
characterized by delusions. D. Stupor. fever (106° F.), severe pains in the muscles,
See Insaiiitv, Confnsional. bones and joints, the last being swollen and
Demarcation [de-mark-a'-s/mn) \_demarcare, reddened. After the fever has lasted 3 or
to set the l)ounds of]. Separation. D.,Line 4 days it subsides, but at the end of from
of, a red line forming at the edge of a gan- 2 to 4 days a second paroxysm accompanied
grenous area and marking the limit of the with pnin occurs. Convalescence is slow ;
process. complications are rare.

Dement [de'-ment) [demens, insane]. A Density {lien'-sit-e') [densitas, thickness].
person suffering with dementia. Closeness; compactness, especially the de-
Dementia (de-/iien'-s/ie-ali) [de, away from ; gree of closeness of one body compared with
mens, mind]. A
form of insanity charac- an equal volume of another taken as a .stand-
terized by a deterioration or loss of the intel- ard ; specific gravity. In electricity, the
lectual faculties, the reasoning power, the amount of electricity accumulated on a unit
memory, and the will. D., Paralytic, gen- of surface during a given time.
eral paralysis of the insane. D., Primary, Dental {den'-tal) [dens, a tooth]. Pertain-
that occurring independently of other forms ing to the teeth. D. Engine, a machine
of insanity. D., Secondary, that follow- worked by a treadle and possessing a flexible
ing another form of insanity. D., Senile, cal)le and adjustable ami and hand-piece,
that due to the degenerations of old age. which afford great facility of movement and
D., Terminal, that coming on toward the end adaptation. By means of attachments to the
of other forms of insanity or certain nervous hand-piece, drills can be operated at various
diseases. angles. D. Tubuli,
the minute wavy tubes
Demi- [dimidius half]. ,
A prefix meaning occurring in the dentin of teeth.
half. Dentate {den' tat) [dens, a tooth] . Toothed ;
Demilune Cells (dend-e-lun) \_demims,\\^\i; having a toothed or serrated edge. D. Body.

liauj, moon]. D. C. of Heidenhain, cres- See Corpus dentatiim. D. Convolution,
centic bodies lying between the cells and the a convolution found in the hi]ipocanipal fis-
membrana propria of an acinus of a salivary sure. D. Fascia, the serrated free edge of
gland. the dentate convolution. D. Fissure, the
Demodex [de»i'-o-de/cs) \_6j]ii6c,
fat ; i^r/^, an hippocampal fissure.
insect]. Agenus of parasitic insects. D. Denticulate (tien-tik' -n-lat) [dentienlns, a
folliculorum, the pimple-mite, a minute small tooth]. Having minute dentations;
parasite found in the sebaceous follicles, par- furnished with small teeth or notches.
DENTIFRICE DERMATITIS
Dentifrice {den'-tif-ris) \dens,\.oo\\\\ fricere, Depolarization [dt po-lar-iz-a'- shun) \Je,
to rub]. A substance for cleansing the teeth. from polits, pole].
; The neutralization of
Dentigerous [lien-tij' -fr-us) \iiens, a tooth ;
polarity.
gerere, to carry]. Bearing or containing Depressant (de pres'-ant) [d^primere, lo prcs*
teeth, as a dentigerous cyst. down]. I. Lowering. 2. .\ mediciii'- "'• •
Dentin [lien'-tin) {liens, a tooth]. modi- A diminishes functional activiiy.
tied osseous tissue forming tlie principal
part Depression (dt-prtsh'-un) [dfpresiio ;
of a tooth, and consisting, histologically, of mere, to depress]. I. A liollnw. i>r
dental tubuli and intertulniiar tissue, chemi- Inward
2. displacenicMit of a :
cally, of the phosphates of calcium and magne- skull. Lowering of vital t.
3. r
sium, the carbonate and lluorid of lime, and the action of some depressint; agent.
organic matter, chiefly gelatin. The bony Depressomotor {de pres-oim/ tor) [.v,y, ,
structure of the tooth, lying under the enamel mere, to dcjiress ; movere, to move]. An
of the crown and the cement substance of the agent thai diminishes the action of llic motor
root. apparatus.
Dentinal {dcit'-tiii-nl) [îfrns, a tooth]. Per- Depressor [de-pres'-ur) \^depriniere, to de-
taining to or composed of ilentin. press]. I. A
muscle, instrument, or appara(u.t
Dentist ((/6'«''-//.y/J [(/,f«j,
a tooth]. One who that depresses. 2. A
nerve, slinmlati<jn
practises dentistry. of which lowers the functional acliviiy of a
Dentistry [den'
-
(is -
tre) \^dens, a tooth]. part, as the depressor nerve of the heart.
Dental surgery, embracing everything per- Depurated {dep'-u-rated) \jlepurar(, to pun
taining to the treatment of diseases of the fy]. I'urilied, cleansed.
teetii. Depurative {dep'-n-rativ) [depurart, to
Dentition [dens, a tooth],
{di'ii- fis/i'- tin) ]>urity]. I'urifying or cleansing.
'i'eething the cutting of the teeth.
; D., DeR. A contraction and symbol of the term
Primary, the catting of the tctnporary or Reaction of Degeneration.
milk-teeth. D., Secondary, the eruption of Deradelphus [derad-el'-fiis) [irpti, neck ;
the permanent teeth. brother].
a(5t/(/)0(, ,
A
nionocephalic dual
Denture [den'-e/tur) [_dcns, a tooth]. The monstrosity, with fusion of the bodies above
entire set or group of teeth ; the whole assem- the umbilicus, and with four lower cxlremilic5,
blage of teeth in both jaws ; a set, or plate, and three or four upper.
of artificial teeth. Derbyshire Neck [der^-i>e-s/iir tuk). See
Denudation [cien-ii-da'-sIuDi) [^denndare, to Goiter.
denude]. A stripping or making bare. Derencephalus [der-en-sef'alus) [f>iim,

Denutrition (de - nii - trish' - tin) \de, from; neck ; e}Ki(j>aAoi', brain]. variety of single A
nutria re, to nourish]. An atrophy and de- autositic monsters of the speciesanencephalus,
from lack of in which the bones of the cranial vault are
generation of tissue arising
nutrition. rudimentary, the posterior jxirtion of the
Deobstruent [dc-oh' -struent') \de, from ;
ob- occiput absent, and the upi>er cervical ver-
struere, to obstruct.] I. Removing obstruc- tebrae bifid, the brain resting in them.
tion. 2. A medicine that removes obstruc- Derivation (der-ir'-a'-s/mn) [derij-ar^. to
tion ;
an aperient. turn a stream from its banks]. The drawing
Deodorant {lie-o' -dor-ant) [r/t'priv. ; odorare, away of blood or liciuid exudates fmni a
to smell]. I. or concealing offen-
Removing diseased part by creating an extra donumd for
sive odors. 2. A substance that removes or them in some other part.
conceals offensive odors. Derivative •• rrotlucingdcri
((/c'-;7"-'''-r//-/r')-
Yiô6LOX\z^^(de-o'-dor-izd^ [(/cpriv.; odorare,

vation. 2. .^n agent that produces derivaiion.
to smell]. Deprived of odor. Derm, Derma {der'mah) ['W/mfi, the skin].
Deorsum {de-or'-sutn) [L.]. Downward. The true skin.
Dermal IVr
Deoxidation [de-oks-id-a' -shiiii) \_de, from; {der'-mal) {<Si\ma, the skin].
the skin.
oxvgen\ The removal of the oxygen from taiiiiiig to
a chemic compound. Dermalgia (i/fV- ///(//''-/('(///). .S'r />
i;
Depilatory {de-pil'-at-or-e) [</<?, from piltis, ; Dermatagra ((/»•/-/;/(;/-<;'-.<,''<//;) [<*
the hair]. I. Having the power to remove hypa, seizure]. See l\Ua»ra.
skin;
the hair. 2. A substance used to destroy the Dermatalgia {der-inat-al'-jeah\ [I'/p/iu,
Pain in the unaccom-
skin
hair, usually a caustic alkali. nA}<«;. pain].
to empty]. panied by any structural change, and cause<l
Depletion {de-ple'-shtin) \jieplere,
or rellcx inllurnce.
I. The act of diminishing the quantity of by some lu-rvous disease
Dermatitis skin iri^,
{,/er-niat i'tii)
;
fluid in the body or in a part, especially by [.'^,l/^<I,

:\\\ inllainmation <>l llio skin.
bleeding. 2. The
condition of the system innaiiiiiiatiuM].
or D. ambustionis, D. calorica.ilie form due to
produced by the excessive loss of blood D. congclationis, same as
other fluids. burns and scalds.
i6
DERMATO- DETERGENT
Frostbite. D. contusiformis. Erythema no- skin; ypatjitn', to write]. A
condition of the
dosum . D
exfoliativa, an acute or chronic in-
. skin in which tracings made with the finger-
ilaninialion of the skin, in which the epidermis nail or a blunt instrument are followed by
is shed more or less freely in large or small elevations at the points irritated. It is com-
scales. ':r>Ke
Pityriasis rid'ra. D.gangraenosa, mon in the condition termed vasomotor
sphaceloderma gangrenous inflammation of
;
ataxia.
the skin. D. herpetiformis, an inflammatory Dermoid (der'-)iioid^ [fVp//a, skin ; E(f5or,
skin-disease of an herpetic character, the form]. Resembling skin. D. Cyst, a cyst con-
various lesions showing a tendency to group. taining elements of the skin, as hair, teeth, etc.
It is a protean disease, appearing as ery- Dermoplasty {der' -mo-plas-te) [(S/y^/m, skin;
thema, vesicles, blebs, and pustules, and is TT/ldffcrf/i', to form]. See Dermatoplastv.
associated with fever, itching, and burning. Dermoskeleton {der-mo-skel' -et-mi) \pip\m,
D. medicamentosa, drug-eruptions; in- skin (TKe/lerdr, a skeleton]. The exoskeleton.
;
flammatory eruptions upon the skin due to Derodidymus (der-o-did' -itn-tis') [t'f/"/,
neck ;
the action of certain drugs taken internally. double].

(5ah'//of, A monstrosity with a sin-
D. papillaris capillitii, a chronic skin- gle body, two necks and heads, two upper
disease, affecting the nape of the neck and and lower extremities, with other rudimentary
adjacent parts, and characterized by minute limbs occasionally present.
red papules, which occasionally suppurate, Descemet's Membrane. The elastic mem-
and are usually traversed by a hair. They brane lining the posterior surface of tlie cor-
unite to form hard, white, or reddish keloid- nea.
looking elevations, from which a bundle of Descemetitis [des-ein-et-i'-iis). Inflamma-
atrophied hairs protrudes. D. traumatica, tion of Descemet's Membrane; serous iritis.
that resulting from traumatism. D. venen- Descendens [de-sen' -dotz) \_descendcre, to go

ata, that produced by the local action of irri-
down]. Downward. D. noni, a branch of
tant substances. the hypoglossal nerve. See Not'cs, Table of.
Dermato- skin]. prefi.x, signifying
\_(î:j)jxa,
A Descending [de-sen' -ding) [^deseendere, to go
pertaining to the skin. down]. Passing downward. D. Current.
Dermatol [der'-»ial-ol) [i^tpfia, skin], QHj- StQ Current. D. Degeneration. See Z^t--
(011)3. C02Bi{0II).,. The subgallate of bis- generatioji. D. Tract, a collection of
muth, an astringent, antiseptic powder, of nerve-fibers conducting impulses from the
centers to the periphery.
yellow color, used in affections of the skin
and mucous membranes that are associated Deshler's Salve. The compound resin
with excessive secretion ;
it is
especially cerate of the pharmacopeia.
recommended for diarrhea in tuberculosis and Desiccant [des' -ik-ant) \clesiccare, to dry
typhoid fever. Dose internally, ^ss-giss up]. Drying.
(2.0-6.0) daily. Desiccation [des-ik-a' -shun') \ilesiccare, to
Dermatology [der-iuat-ol'-o-je) {fiipiia, skin ; dry up]. The process of drying.

/(i}oc, science]. The science of diseases of 'D^%rn.db2X.\.^x\.z.[des-ino-bak-te'-re-ahy\JSi:rilUir,
the skin. band; fiaKT^piov, a small staff"]. group A
Dermatolysis of bacteria corresponding to the genus Bacilli.
[iier->/iat-oF-is-is) [rffp//(!,skin ;
'avgiq,a loosing]. An hypertrophy of the Desmography [des-niog'-ra-fe) [r5t(7//df,

a
skin and subcutaneous tissue, with a tendency ligament; }pa(pciv, to write]. The descrip-
to the formation of folds. tion of the ligaments.
Dermatome [der'-nia-tovi) \_(Uf)fM, skin; Desmoid [des' -moid) [dtajji], abundle; eWof,
ri/uveiv, to cut].
An instrument for incising likeness]. Fibrous.
the skin. Desmoma [des-mo' -niah) [rffa/idf, a band ;
Dermatomycosis {der-iunt-o-mi-ko'-sis) \pip- hua, tumor]. A

connective-tissue tumor.
na, skin ; f'i'K'/c, fungus]. Any skin-disease Despumation [des-pii-ina' -slum) \_desputiiare,
caused by a vegetable parasite. to skim froth]. The purification of a liquid
Dermatoplasty (dcr' -niat-o-plas-ie) [(5fp//a, by removal of the scum or froth.
skin; 7r/Ld(T(Teiv, to form]. An

operative re- Desquamation [des
- kwam -
a' - shun) \_des-
])lacement of destroyed skin by means of quatnare, to scale off"]. The shedding of the
superficial epithelium, as of the skin, mucous
flaps or skin-grafts.
Dermatosclerosis {der-inat-o-skle - ro^-sis) . membranes, and renal tubules.
See Scleroderma. Desquamative [des-kwam' -at-iii) \desqtta-
Dermatosis {der-mat-o'-sis) \6kp\ia, skin ; mare, to scale off]. Characterized by des-
rorrof,disease]. Any disease of the skin. quamation.
Dermic (dcr'-niik) [(5fp//a, the skin]. Re- Dessert Spoon. A domestic measure equal
lating to the skin, or formed of skin. to about fîj (8.0).
Dermis {der^-mis). Tlie corium or true skin. Detergent [de-ter' -pent) [detergere, to
Dermographia [iler-mo-graf -e-ali) [Jt'/jâ, cleanse]. Purifying; cleansing.

DETERMINATION DIACHYLON
Determination {dc-ter-min-a'-shuii) \deter- iary. See D. decipicns,
liiliary. dia-
tninalio, a diiecliiig]. Of the LIckjcJ, a teu- betes mellitus in which theic i» no
jH>ly-
deiicy to collect in a part, as determiiiatiou of uria or polydipsia. D., Gouty, a fi^riu
the blood to the lieacl. of glycosuria occurring in
gouty n ,.
Deuter-, Deutero- {ilu'-ter, du'-tcr-o) \pt'v- D. insipidus, a chronic disease l1. .|
Ttpu, second]. A
Greek prefix indicating by the [lassage of a large cjuunlily ..| ii..iiii<il
the second of two similar substances, or con- urine of low specilic
gravity, assuciuti d ^m i.
ditions, especially that one which contains intense thirst. The etiology of the di
more of the substaiice. —
obscure injuries and diseases of the
Deuteroalbumose {dti-ier-o-al' -bu-mos). A emotional disturbances, syphilis, acute
form soluble in water and not precipitated
tiousdiseases,andiieredity have Lm.-. i
by saturation with sodium chlorid or mag- as causes. The urine at times com
,i,
nesium siil[)hate, but by annnonium sulpliate. whence the term dial>etes inosilus ni cuiiira-
Deuteropathy [liu-ter-op'-a-tlic) [(5t/'7e/jor, distinction to diabetes meililus.
D.mclluus,
second; TrdUoc, a disease]. A disease that a nutritional di.sease characterized by ihc
is secondary to another.
passage of a large quantity of urine containiii(;
Deviation [lie-ve-a'-shmi) [deviare, to de- sugar; there is intense thirst, vorai-ious
viate]. A
turning away from the regular appetite, progressive loss ofllesli and
strength,
course or standard. D., Conjugate, the and a tendency to a fatal
termination. 1 he
turning of eyes and head toward one side, causes are not well undersl<KKl— diseases of
observed in some lesions of the cerebrum. the nervous system, especially of the medulla,
Devitalize {de-vi' -tal-lz) \(ie, from; vita, intense mental strain, gout, sy|>hilis, malaria,
life].
To destroy vitality. diseases of the pancreas, have iK-en elioli.git
Devonshire Colic [dev' -on-shlr kol'-ik). factors in some cases. Complications an- fre-
Lead-colic. quent most important being
in diabetes, the
Dew-point. The temperature at which the air pulmonary tuberculosis, furuncul<jsis, gan
issaturated with vapor ;
the temperature at grene, cataract, polyneuritis. Death, if not
which dew forms. caused by one of the complications, is gener-
Dewêes's Carminative. See Asafetida. ally due to the so-called diabetic coma. 'I'lie
Dexiocardia [ticks-c-o-kar' -de-aJi) ['êf/or, on ultimate cause of the presence of sugar in
the right KapSla, the heart]
; Transposition . the urine is believeil to be the incom-
of the heart to the right side of the thorax. plete destruction or utilization of the •'Uâr
Dextrad {deks' -trad) \ilcxti:r, right; ad, to]. formed in the system. D., Pancreatic, a
Toward the right side. variety of glycosuria associated with and
Dextran {ikks'-tran) \dcxter, right], CgII,(,0-. probably dependent upon diseise of llie
A stringy, gummy substance formed in milk pancreas. D., Phloridzin-, that form pro-
by the action of cocci, and also occurring in duced animals by the adiniiii>tration of
in
unripe beet-root. phloridzin. D., Phosphatic, a condition

Dextrin [cieks' -triri) \dexter,x\^\^, CgHioOs- characterized by polyuria, |)olydipsia,
A soluble carbohydrate into which starch is emaciation, and excessive excretion of pi»o>-
converted by diastase or dilute acids. It is pliates in the urine.
a whitish substance, turning the plane of Diabetic {ili-ah-et'-ik) [I'/ii, through ; ûv-
polarization to the right. tvi', to go]. I. Pertaining to di.ilK-te>. 2. A
Dextrocardia [ilcks-tro-kar' -dc-ali). SeeZ>fjr- person sulTering froui diabetes. D. Cataract,
iocardia. an opacity of the crystalline lens s«^)melinies
Same as found in association with dialnrtcs. D.
Dextrogyrate {dcks-tro-ji' -rat).
Dtwtrorolatory. Coma, the coma caused by diabetes meililus.
Dextrorotatory {deks-tro-ro' -tat-o-re) \ilex- D. Gangrene, a moist g.uigrene sometimes
/(?;-, rotare, to whirl].
right ; Turning the occurring in persons sutVering from clialn-tes.
in
rays of light to the right.
D. Sugar, C„n,.,()g. the glucose pre>fn«
the urine in diabetes meililus. It i> identical
Dextrose {deks'-tros) [dexter, right] CgH,.pg. ,
(jrape-sugar. A
sugar belonging to the with grape-sugar. D. Tabes, a perii>lKral
to neuritis occurring in diabetic patients, and
glucose-group, that rotates polarized light
the right. causing symptoms resembling talies dorsalis
Dextroversion [ilcks-tro-ver' -zhun) [dexter,
D. Urine, urine containing sugar
vertere, to turn] Version to the
. Diacetic Acid {di-as-e'-tik).
right ;
Diaceturia (di- as-et- u'-rr , two;

right side.
,
a.rtuiii, ovpov, urine].

vinegar I he presence
Diabetes through;
{di-ab-e' -tez) [6ia[i//Tr/i ; (Jw, ;
pdivEw, to go]. A
di.sease characterized by of diacetic acid in the urine.
the hahituai discharge of an excessive quan- Diachylon [di
-
ak' il on) [('«», llmmgh ;
used without (|ualilicati()n, tiie XrVur, Lead plaster. Sec J'/um-

tity of urine ;
juicp].
word indicates diabetes melHtus, V-, Bil- bum.
DIACID DIAPHRAGMATIC
Diacid {di-as'-id) [<//, two; acidus, acid']. physis Anteroposterior (of pelvic outlet), that
;
Having two atoms of hydrogen replaceable by which joins the tip of the coccyx with the
a base. subpubic ligament Conjugate, the atitero-
;
Diad [di^-ad) [<//, two]. Having a quantiv- posterior diameter of the pelvic inlet Conju- ;
alence of two. gate, diagonal, that connecting the sacro-

Diagnose i^di-ag-iios'). See Diagnosticate. vertebral angle and subpubic ligament ;
Diagnosis (di-ag-no^-sis) [difi, jru-

apart ;
Conjugate, external, that connecting the
cic, knowledge]. The determination of the depression above the spine of the first sacral
nature of a disease. D., Differential, the vertebra and the middle of the upper border
distinguishing between two diseases of of the symphysis pubis Conjugate, true, that
;
similar character, by comparing their symp- connecting the sacrovertebral angle and the
toms. D. by Exclusion, the recognition most prominent portion of the posterior aspect
of a disease by excluding all other known of the symphysis pubis 7'ransverse (of pel-
;
conditions. D., Pathologic, the diagnosis vic inlet), that connecting the two most
of the structural lesions present in a disease. widely separated points of the pelvic inlet ;
D., Physical, the determination of disease Transverse (of pelvic outlet), that connecting
by inspection, palpation, percussion, or aus- the ischial tuberosities.
cultation. Diamid (di'-am-id) \_di,
two ; amid\ A
Diagnostic -
ag- nos'-tik) [J«j, apart;
(di double amid formed by replacing hydrogen
yvuxng, knowledge]. Serving as evidence in in two ammonia molecules by an acid radicle.
(.liagnosis. Diamin {lii'-am-in) \(ii, two; amin']. An

Diagnosticate, Diagnose [di-ag-nos' -tik-at, aniin formed by replacing hydrogen in two
di'-ag-nds) [rf/a apart; jrwcr/f, knowledge]. molecules of ammonia by a basic radicle.
To make a diagnosis. Diapedesis {di-a/i-ped-e'-sis) [Jai, through ;
Diagnostician [iii
-
ag nos tisV an)
- - -
[(S«i, KijduELV, to leap] The passage of the blood
.
through; }V(jair, knowledge]. One skilled through the unruptured vessel walls.
in making diagnoses. Diaphanometer. See Lacloscope.
Dialysis {di-aF-is-is) [(^/ri, through ; '/.ieiv, to Diaphanoscope [di-af-an' -o-skop) \J\iat*,avrir,
loose]. The separation of several substances translucent ; aao-Ctv, to inspect]. An instru-
from each other in solution by taking advan- ment for illuminating the interior of a body-
tage of their differing diffusibility through cavity so as to render the boundaries of the
porous membranes. Those that pass through cavity visible from the exterior.
readily are termed crystalloids, those that do Diaphoresis [di-ah-for-e'-sis') \jSih, a part ;
not, colloids. (poiittiv, to carry]. Perspiration, especially
Dialyzed (lU'-al-izd)
\J'iin, through; 7.'mv, perceptible perspiration.
\jSui, a part
to loose]. Separated by dialysis. Diaphoretic [lii-ah-for-et'-ik) ;
Dialyzer [di^-al-i-zer) [fiza, through ; Ti'reiv, to ([>opeea', to carry]. I. Causing an increase of

loose]. An apparatus for effecting dialysis ; perspiration. 2. A medicine that induces
also the porous septum or diaphragm of such diaphoresis.
an a|iparatus. Diaphragm [di' -ah-fravi) [f5/a, across, (pix'i') /la,
Diamagnetic across 1. The musculomerabranous
[di-a/i-iiiag-mt'-ik) \_6ta, ; wall]. partition
finyi')/g, magnet]. Taking a position at right that separates the thorax and abdomen. It
angles to the lines of magnetic force. is the chief muscle of respiration. 2. thin A
Diameter {di-avi'-et-er') [(5m, through /7f7- ; septum, such as is used in dialysis. 3. In a
/jor, a measure]. A straight line joining op- microscope, a perforated plate placed between
posite points of a body or figure and passing the mirror and object to regulate the amount
through its center. D., Craniometric, one of light that is to pass through the object.
of several lines connecting points on opposite Diaphragmatic [di
- ah -frag - mat' -
ik) \fii(i,
surfaces of the cranium. Biparietal, that across, (p/idyfia, a wall]. Relating to the
joining the parietal eminences Bitemporal, ; diaphragm. D. Phenomenon,
Litten's
that joining the extremities of the coronal sign ; in a state of health there can be seen a
suture ;Occipitofrontal, that joining the root shadow rising and falling from the vertebral
of the nose and the most prominent point of column to the attachment of the diaphragm
the occiput Occipitomental, that joining the
;
from the seventh rib to the convexity this ;
external occipital protuberance and the chin ;

movement can be seen through the thoracic
Trachelobreginatic, that joining the center of walls, and shows the intensity of resjiira-
the anterior fontanel and the junction of the tion, and the limit of the dia]ihragni lietween
neck and floor of the mouth. D., Pelvic, its
positionon inspiration and that on expira-
any one of the diameters of the pelvis. The tion. The upper position corresponds to the
most important are the following Antero- :
liver-margin in the state of rest. Deviations
posterior (of pelvic inlet), that which joins of the extent of movement mark certain
the sacrovertebral angle anil tlie pubic sym- pathologic states.
DIAPHTHERIN DIELECTRIC
Diaphtherin {diaf'-ther-in) [iUa<j)delpeiv, to befes, etc. It
may be ac<|uire<l or I
i-
destroy]. Oxycliinaseptol a coal-tar deriva- ;

tary. D., Hemorrhagic. See //^m,-
tive composed of two molecules of Diathetic {di-uih ii'ik)
oxychiiiolin [<!/./,
1
and one of aseptol. It is a yellow powder, »'i^ to ti,

arrange]. RL-luiing
with a phenol-like odor, and is used as an anti- Diatomic {di-at-om'-ik) [rli/, iwu ixtufioc, ;
septic in solutions varying in strength hum i atom]. I.

Consisting of two atunu. 2.
to 50 per cent. two
Having hydrogen atoms replaceable by
Diaphysis {di-a/'-is-is) [(5fd, between; (p'vuv, radicles.
to The shaft
grow]. of a long bone. Diazo- two; azotum, nitro-
[di-az'-o) [Alq,
Diapophysis [di ap - -
off'- is
-
is) [(Jm, apart ;
gen]. A prefix signifying that a ciiin{M>und
(i.T(i(/jiiff/f,
an outgrowth]. The
superior or contains phenyl,
C,.Hj, united with .1 radicle
articular part of a transverse process of a consisting of two nitrogen atoms. D. -reac-
vertebra. tion or test, a urinary test, valuable in the
Diarrhea (di-ar-e'-ah) [(5m, through; })eeiv, diagnosis of enteric fever. The solulion.s re-
to llovv]. A
condition characterized by in- quired are (a) a saturated solution of sa\-
creased frequency and lessened consistency of piianiiic acid in a 5 per cent. .MjJution of
the fecal evacuations. D., Choleraic, hydrochloric acid (^) a I'i per cent, solution
;
severe, acute diarrhea with serous stools, of .sodium nitrite. Mix u and l> in the pro
and accompanied by vomiting and collapse. portion of 40 c.c. of a to I c.c. of //, and to a
D., Lienteric, a form of diarrhea charac- few cubic centimeters add an e<|ual volume
terized by the passage of fluid stools con- of urine, and, after shaking well. allow a few
taining masses of undigested food. D., drops of ammonia to flow down the side of the
Mucous, that characterized by the pres- tube. A garnet-red color at the \mM of con-
ence of mucus in the stools. D., Summer, tact denotes the reaction, or a
rose-pink foam
an acute form occurring particularly in chil- after shaking.
dren during the intense heat of summer. Dibasic [di-da'-sik) [(5/r, twice ; /3dff/f, base].
Diarthrosis (diar-thro'-sis) \j)ia, through- tJf a salt, containing two atoms of a mono-
out; ap^^/juff^f, articulation]. A form of ar- basic element or radicle ;
of an acid, having
ticulationcharacterized by mobility. The two replaceable hydrogen atoms.
various forms are Arthrodia, in which the
: Dibromid (i/i-broni'-id). A compound con-
bones glide upon plane surfaces; Enarthro- sisting of an element or radicle ami two
sis, bail-and socket joint, with motion in all atoms of bromin.
directions; Ginglymits, or hinge joint, with Dichloracetic Acid {di-klor-as-e^-tii), C,II,-
backward and forward motion and D. rota- ; Cl./J)^.
An acid pn^luced by the replace-
toria, witli pivotal movement. ment of two hydrogen atoms in acetic acid
Diastase [di' -as-tas') \fiu'wTanic, separation]. by chlorin. It is a caustic licpiid.
A nitrogenous vegetable ferment found in Dichlorid (di-k/o'-rid). A com|H)un<I con-
malt it converts starch into glucose.
; sisting of an element or radicle and two
Diastasic, or Diastatic [di-as-fas'-ik, or atoms of chlorin.
^//-(7.f-/rt/''-//(') [Att(TraCT/f, separation].
I. Per- Dichroism ((//'-/•/-fl-;:///) [(5/r, double ; .t/*<^«
taining to diastase. 2. Pertaining to diastasis. color]. The state of presenting one color
Diastasis [di-as'-tas-is) [(Siaaraau;, separa- wlieii seen by refiected light, and ant>lluT
tion]. I. The separation of an epiphysis when seen by transmitted light.
from the body of a bone without true frac- Dicinchonin [di-sin'konin) [('/r, double;
ture. 2. A dislocation of an amphiarthrotic (iin/ioH(i'\, CiÎIj^N/).^.
An alkaloid of
( "inchona bark.
joint.
Diaster [di'-as-fer). See Karyokinesis. Dicrotic {di-kro/'-ii:) [A/Ayjorof,
double l>ent-
Diastole [di-as'-to-h) [r5M(T7-o/iv, a drawing ing]. a double beat

Having D. Pulse.
The period of dilatation of a cham- See Dicro/ism. D. Wave, the recoil w.ive
apart].
ber of the heart used alone it signifies D.
;
of the sphygmographic tracing, gcnerateil l»y
of tlie ventricles. closure of the aortic valves.

Diastolic {di-as-fo/'-ik) [I'siaaTolij,
a drawing Dicrotism {di'-kro-fizm) [^Vyioroc, a «loul>le-
apart]. Pertaining to the diastole of the luat]. A condition of the puls<- in which
heart. with every wave there is given l<> the linger
Diath^rmal, or Diathermanous {di-alh-er'-
of the examiner the seiisalion of two In-rtis.
It is when the arterial tension is low.

iiial,di-a!h-L'r'-iiiivi-i(s) [A/d, through; {î{)iin. |)resent
heat]. Permeable l)y waves of radiant Didactic (didok' tH) [(T/iWn*<V. ^* •«

heat. leaching]. Teaching by description and
Diathesis through ;
riiH- theory.
(r//-^?///'-('.f-/.v) [(5//i,
vai, to arrange], A state or condition of the Dielectric (di rl rl-' fril-) [.V.i. ihroiigh ;
-
is liable to cer- antberj.

i//iKritiii; rr.ui>.niiliing eleilruUy
body whereby it
especially
tain diseases, such as gout, calculus, ilia- by induction and not by conduction.
DIET DIGITOXIN
[(i/n<ra, a system or mode

Diet {lii'-ef)
of liv- Digestion [di-jes' -cJum) \_digercye, to digest].
ing]. The
food taken regularly by an indi- Those processes whereby the food taken into
vidual the food adapted to a certain state
;
an organism is made capable of being absorbed
of the body, as fever-diet, convalescence-diet. and assimilated by the body-tissues. D.,
D., Diabetic, a diet mostly of meats and green Artificial, digestion carried on outside of
vegetables,starches and sugars being excluded. the body. D., Gastric, digestion by the action
D., Fever, a nutritious, easily digestible liquid of the gastric juice. D., Intestinal, digestion
or semi-liquid diet, usually with milk and by the action of the intestinal juices, including
meat-broths as a basis. D., Gouty, a diet the action of the bile and the pancreatic fluid.
of simple nutritious food, avoiding wines, fats, D., Pancreatic, digestion by the action of the
pastries, and much meat. D., Tuffnell's, pancreatic juice. D., Peptic. See Z). 6'<75- ,
a highly nutritious diet including but a small tric. D., Primary, gastrointestinal digestion.
amount of liquids, employed in the treatment D., Salivary, digestion by the saliva. D.,
of aneurysm. Secondary, the assimilation by the body-
Dietary {di' -et-a-i-e) \jslai'rn, a system or mode cells of their appropriate pabulum.
of living]. A system of food-regulation in- Digestive [di-Jes'-fiv) \_digfrert', to digest].
tended to meet the requirements of the ani- 1. Relating to or favoring digestion. 2. An
mal economy. agent that promotes digestion. D. Tract, the
Dietetic (di-et-et' -ik) \_6'iaiTa,
a system or whole alimentary canal from the mouth to the
mode of living]. Pertaining to diet. anus.
Diethylamin {cii-eth-il' -am-in) NQHj,. A Digit {dij'-it) [digitus, finger] . A finger or toe.
non-poisonous, liquid ptomain obtained from Digital {dij'-if-al) [digitus, finger]. Per-a
putrefying fish. taining to the fingers or toes. D. Arteries,

Diethylene-diamin. .See Pipcrazin. the arteries of the hands and feet supplying
Differential {dif-er-en'-shal) \_differcntia, the digits. ?>&& Arteries, Table of. D. Com-
difference] Pertaining to or creating a differ-
.
pression, the stoppage of a flow of blood by
ence. D. Diagnosis. See Diagnosis. D. pressure with the finger. D. Examination,
Staining, a method of staining tubercle-ba- examination or exploration with the finger.
cilli, syphilis-bacilli, etc., founded upon the Digitalin [digitalis, pertaining
[dij-it-a' -liti)
fact that they retain the color in the presence to the fingers]. I. Digitalinum (U. S. P.);
of certain reagents that decolorize the sur- CjHgOj (?), the active principle of Digitalis
rounding tissues. purpurea. Dose gr. -^^~-^^ (0.001-0.002).
Differentiation [dif-er-en-shc-a^ -shun) [^dif- 2. Aprecipitate from a tincture of Digitalis
fey-entia, difference]. I. The actor process of puipurea. Unof.
distinguishing or making different. 2. Chang- Digitalis [dij-it-a^ -lis) [digitalis, pertaining to
ing from general to special characters ; spe- the fingers]. Foxglove. The leaves of D.
cialization. purpurea. It contains an amorphous complex
Diffraction {dif-7-ak' -sktin) \dis, apart ; frac- substance, digitalin, that does not, however,
tus, broken]. The deflection or the separation represent the full properties of the leaves. It
is a powerful cardiac stimulant, strengthening
into its
component parts that takes place in
a ray of light when it passes through a narrow the systole and lengthening the diastole of the
slitor aperture. D. Grating, a strip of glass heart. It also acts as a diuretic in large doses ;
it is often used it causes gastric disturbances.

closely ruled with fine lines ;
It is employed
in the spectroscope in the place of the battery mainly in diseases of the heart when compen-
of prisms. sation is lost. D., Extractum, Dose gr.
Diffuse [dif-iis^). Scattered; not limited to one |-i (0.01-0.032). D., Extractum, Fluidum.
tissue or spot opposed to localized.
;
Dose TT\, i-iij (0.065-0.2). D., Infusum, i li
Diffusible [dif-u'-zi/d] [dis, away; fiindere, parts of the leaves in loo parts. Dose i"^ ss-
to pour]. .Spreading rapidly; capable of f^j (16.0-32.0). D., Tinctura, 15 parts of
passing through a porous memlirane applied ;
the leaves in loo of diluted alcohol. Dose
to certain quickly-acting stimulants, usually n\^x-xx (0.6-1.2).
of transient effect. Digitation [dij-it-a' -shun) [digitatus, having
Diffusion {dif-u'-zhitn) [diff'midere,io spread] .
digits]. A finger-like process, or a succession
A spreading-out. D. -circle, the imperfect of such processes, especially of a muscle.
image formed by incomplete focalization, the Digiti mortui [dij'-it-i mor' -tu-i) [L.]-
position of the true focus not having been Dead fingers a cold and white state of the
;
reached by some of the rays of light or else fingers.

having been passed. Digitonin (dij-it-o'-nin) [digitalis, pertain-
Digastric [di-gas^-trii') ['V/c,
double ;ynaTT/p, ing to the fingers], €3,1^5,0,.. A white,
belly].Having two bellies, as the D. Muscle. amorphous mass obtained from digitalis.
Digestant (di-jrs/'-nnf) [^digerrre, to digest]. Digitoxin (di;-it-ohs'-in) [digitalis, pertain-
A substance that assists digestion of the food. ing to the fingers; ro,f«ioi', poison], C.^jIIg.^-
DIHYDROCOLLiniN DIPLEGIA
O,, or Cj.ÎIj.Ôg^. A liiylily jioisonoiis {^lu- Diopter {diop'-ter) [il<.i, through ; h^>(fin<u,
cosid ohlaincd from Digitalis purpurea. to The of measurement of the
unit
sec].
DihydrocoUidin {di-hi-dro-kol'-i(i-i)i),(Z^\^^- refractive power of an
npiic lens. It is the
N. A liquid substance isomeric with apto- refractive power of a
lens liial has a focml
main obtained from putrid tlcsh and fish. distance of one meter.
Dihydrocoridin {iii-hi-dro-kor' -id-in),(l^^\^^ Dioptric {di-op'-tnk) [<)(«, thr(ju^;h ;
I
N. A substance isomeric with a ptomain to sec]. I.
Pertaining to tT.insmitled ».,.,.
founil in cultures of the Bacillus allii. fracted light. 2. A dio|)tcr.
Dihydrolutidin [di-/ii-dro-lu'- tid-hi) [(5/f, Dioptry [cli-op'-lre). See Diopter.
double; vSup, water; luteus, yellow], Dio.xid [di-ol-s'-id) [iîc, two 'Vi»-.
;
sharp].
C^H[jN. One of the alkaloidal bodies found -V molecule
containing two at :i.
in coddiver oil. It is slightly poisonous, in Dip. The deviation from the i \
small doses diminishing general sensibility, tion shown by a frecly-suspcndcd nia

in large doses causing tremor, paralysis of the needle.
hind limbs, and death. Diphtheria [dif-t/ie'rea/i) [MipOtpa, a skin
Diiodid [di-i'-o-did) [<//,
two ; ioditm, iodin.] or membrane]. An acute infectious disease
A comjiound consisting of a basic element caused by the Klebs Lolller bacillus. It
and two atoms of iodin. is characterized l»y the formation on a mu-
Dilaceration {lii-Ias-cr-a' -shiiii) \_dUaceratio, cous membrane, most frequently that of the
a tearing apart]. A tearing apart; division of pharynx, of a false membrane, grayish or
a membranous cataract by a tearing operation. bu(T in color and (juite firmly adherent. .\ny
Dilatation {ill- hit
- a^- sktiit) \j.iilalart\ to mucous membrane, as the laryngrai, nasal,
spread out]. A
spreading apart ; the state, conjunctival, and, more rarely, tli i-
especially of a hollow part or organ, of being testinal, vaginal, and that of the m .r, .
dilated or stretched. D. of Heart, an in- may be the seat of the dise;ise. 1 lie in -in-
crease in the size of one or more of the cavi- brane may also be formed on wounds — .V///-
ties of the heart, arising from a relaxation or gical or IVotind- D. The

constitutional syin|>-
weakening of the heart-muscle. It is asso- toms result from the absorjilion of iMiixms
ciated with evidences of failure of circulation, elaborated by the bacteria, the bacilli them-
resulting in congestion of the lungs and other selves not being found in the blood as a rule.
viscera. These poisons are a nucleoalbumin and a
Dilatator [di-lat-a'-tor). See Dilator. nuclein, the former proflucing the acute, the
Dilator [di-la'-tor) \dilatare, to spread out]. latter the later symptoms of the disi-ase.
An instrument for stretching or enlarging a The general symjitoms arc, in brief, fever,
cavity or opening also, a dilating muscle.
; profound prostration, weakness of the heart,
See Muscles, Table of. and a rapidly-developing anemia. .\ fre-
Dill ((///). See Antthuvi. quent sequel is paralysis, which may be gen-
Diluent {dil'-ti-eiit) [^diliieir, to wash away]. eral, but is often confined to the palatal and
I. Diluting. 2. An agent that dilutes the ocular muscles. Diphtheria is eminently a
.secretions of an organ. disease of childhocxi and very fatal. Death
Dilution to wash results from systemic poisoning, from heart-
[di-hi'-s/iiin) [diluere,
away]. 1. The
process of adding a neutral failure, from obstruction to respir.r '.e
or
fluid to in order
some other fluid or substance, presence of membranein the air 1
to diminish the qualities of the latter. 2. A from a complication, as pneumonia. D., Brc-
diluted substance the result of a diluting
;
tonneau's, true diphtheria of the pharynx,
first described by P. I5retonneau îS;6)
process.
a skin 01
Dimethylamin {di-metIt-iF-ar>i-iii) [dV, two; Diphtheric {di/t/u-r'-il:) [<'«^'(/ki,
am/)!], KQH,. A nontoxic ptomain ineini)rane]. (^f or pertaining to (liphlln'ria.

iiicthyl,
found in putrefying gelatin, old tlecomposing Diphtheritic (////•///<v-//'-/7-).
See .'
Diphthongia nh)
yeast, etc. {dift/ion'-j,- [•'
a voice]. The prixluetion ol a
Dimethylxanthin [d{-tnelli-vl-Mn'-thi)i'), C5- (^loyyiK,
Theobromin. double tone of the voice <hie t>» incomplete
II,,(CI Is^-^NÔj.
double unilateral panilysis of the recurrent l.irvngeal
Dimorphous {di-»ior'-fiis) [(5/?, ;
Is
nerve, or to some lesion of the
v
/lofxp'/, form]. Existing in two fonns.

Dinitrate {di'-iii-trat). A compound result- that causes e.ich to its o\\
pnxluce
of m'w'O double ;
ing from the replacement of the hydrogen Diplacusts (.///-/.;/• ['VT>..<'t.
of alone
I. Tlic hearing
two mok'cidcs of nitric acid by a base. ,/M.iwc, hearing].
Dinitrocellulose See as higher by <me car ih.an by the other ;
{di-m-tro-sel'-u-Ibs).
called D. binauralis. 2. The hearing of
Fyy-oxylin.
two tones by one ear, when only one tone i*
Dioniri (dio'-niii). F.thylmoriihin hydro-
D. uniiuiralis.
chlorate, a soluble and efficient succcdaneum produced; called
tlouhle irX^)-^, ;
for morphin. Dose gr. yi-l- Diplegia (dit'l<'!f.i'A [<'"•,
DIPLO- DISEASE
stroke]. Paralysis of similar parts on the Anythingthat guides or directs. D., Grooved,
two sides of the body. an instrument grooved to guide the knife in
Diplo- [(5<7r/ldof, double]. A prefix signify- surgical operations.
ing double. Dis- [rf/f, twice]. I. A prefix denoting /?w
Diploblastic {dip lo- bias' tik')
-
[r5/;r/oof,
- or double. 2. A prefix to denote apart from.
double ji/Maroi;, sprout]. Having two germ-
;
Disarticulation (dis-ar-tik-ti-la' -shun) \dis,
layers. apart; articulum, a joint]. Separation at a
Diplococcus {^dip-lo-kok' -Hs) [(5<7r/loof,
dou- joint amputation at a jomt.
;
ble; KuKKoc, kernel]. A micrococcus that Disassimilation {dis-as-sini-il-a'-s/nni) \_dis-

occurs in groups of two. assi!iiilatio'\. The
process of transformation
Diploe a fold]. The can-
(^dip'-lo-e) [(5<n-/.u'), of assimilated substances into waste-products.
cellous bony tissue between the outer and Disc [disk) \_discus, SiaiMr, a quoit or round
inner tables of the skull. plate]. A
circular, plate like organ or struc-
Diploetic (r/,')!>-/(7-t'/''-//(') [rf^TrAo;/, afold]. Re- ture.D., Blood, êe Blood-eorpusrle. D.,
latinrr tothe diploe ; diploic. Choked. See Papillitis. D., Germinal,
Diploic {dip-lo'-ik) [J^ttZo;/, a fold]. Per- the small disc of the blastodermic membrane,
taining to the diploe. in which the first traces of the embryo are
Diplomyelia (tiip- lo-mi- e' le -ali) [(S^tt/Iooc,
- seen. D., Optic, the circular area in the
double; five'Aoq, marrow]. An apparent dou- retina that represents the termination of
bleness of the spinal cord, produced by a lon- the optic nerve.
gitudinal fissure. Discharge [dis-charj') [OF., descharger, to
I. A also that which
Diplopia {dip-lo'-pe-ah) \&L~'A.6oq, double; unload]. setting free ;
oi/^/f, sight]. Double vision, one object be- is

discharged. 2. A sudden setting free of
ing seen by the eye or eyes as two. D., a force.

Binocular, the most frequent, is due to a Discharger (dis-char'-jer). instrument An
derangement of the muscular balance, the for setting free electricity stored in a Leyden
images of the object being thereby thrown jar or other condenser.
upon nonidentical points of the retinre. D., Discharging [dis- chai-'-jitig) [OF., des-
Crossed, or D., Heteronymous, the result cliarger, to unload]. Unloading; flowing
of divergent strabismus, the image of the right out, as pus, etc. D. Lesion, a brain-lesion
eye appearing upon the left side, and that of that causes sudden discharges of nervous
the left eye upon the right side. D., Di- motor impulses.
rect, or D., Homonymous,
the reverse of Discission {dis-is/i'-uii) \_discissio ; diseiii-
Crossed D., found in convergent strabismus. dere, to tear or cut apart]. operation for An
D., Monocular, diplopia with a single eye, soft cataract, in which the capsule is lacerated
usually due to liysteria, or to double pupil, or a number of times, to allow the lens substance
beginning cataract. tobe absorbed.
Dipotassic [di-po-fas'-ik) [<//,
two ; potas- Discrete {dis-krel') \_disiretus, separated].
«//w]. Containing two atoms of potassium Not running together ; separate.
in a molecule. Discus {dis'-kus) [^îoKoq, a disc]. A disc.
Dippel's Animal Oil. Oleum cornu cervi. D. proligerus, the mass of cells of the mem-
An oil obtained in distilling bone and deer's brana granulosa of the Graafian vesicle that
horn. It contains pyridin and lutidin. It is surnnind the ovum.
antispasmodic and stimulant. Unof Discutient (dis-kid-s/ient) \_diseutere, to shake
Dipping Needle. A magnetic needle so apart]. I. Capable of eftecîng resolution.
hung that it can move freely in a vertical 2. Amedicine having the power of causing
plane. an exudation to disappear.
Dipsomania [dip-so-ma'-fie-nk) [f5/i/)a, thirst; Disdiaclast [dis-di'-aklast) [(5/f, double ;
itnfin, madness]. The uncontrollable desire (^la, through K/.aeiv, to break down].
; One
for s]iirituous liijuors. of the small doubly-refractive elements in the
Dipterocarpus {dip-ter-o-kar'-pus) \p'nTTEpnr, contractile discs of a muscle-fiber.
two-winged Kapwoq, fruit].
;
A genus of Disease {dis-ez') [dis, negative; ease, a state
trees chiefly found in Southern Asia, some of of rest]. A
disturbance of function or struc-
which furnish gur'iun-balsam. ture of any organ or part of the body. A
Direct {di'-ivk/') [,l/>rr//r<:, straight]. In a Table of Eponyiiiic Diseases is ajijiended.
right or straight line ; without the interposi- D., Acute, a disease marked by rapid onset
tion of some medium. D. Current, a gal- and short course. D., Bleeders', synonym
D. Image. See Image. D.
vanic current. of Hemophilia. D., Chronic, one that is
Ophthalmoscopy. See Ophtkahnoscopv. D. slow in its course. D., Constitutional, one
Vision, the perception of an object the image in which a system of organs or the whole
of which falls upon the macula. body is involved. D., Focal, a localized
Director (di-rek' -tor') \_dirigere, to guide]. disease. D., Functional, a disease without
DOSE DRY
a medicine or other agent for a
given case or Dram, or Drachm
{dram) [''/wf//^, a (Jrrek
Condition. The ciginh part of the ajjothe
weight].
Dose {i/os) [(W(T/f, a
portion]. The measured caries' ounce, equal to 60 grains or 3.9
portion of medicine to be taken at one time. grams. Also the unc-sixtcenth part of the
D., Divided, a rehitively small (|uantityof a avoirdupois ounce, equal to 27. D., , ;
drug taken at short intervals. D., Lethal, Fluid, the eighth part of a llui.. jual
a dose sut'ticient to kill. D., Maximum, to 60 minims or c.c.
3.9
the largest dose consistent with D., Drastic
safety. {dras'-tik) [(J/iOf^v, to draw], i.
Minimum, the smallest quantity of a medi- Severe, harsh, powerful. 2. A powerful and
cine that will produce physiologic effects.
irritating purgative.
Dosimetric {do-sim-et'-rik) [fJocr/f, a dose; Draught {draft ). See Draft.
/lirpop, a measure]. Relating to or charac- Drepanidium {drtp an id' c urn) [<!/<' '<"//.
terized l)y dosimetry. 'ihe sickle-shaped young of certain
sickle],
Dosimetry {do-si m'-ei- re) \_i)6(7iq, dose ; jih- protozoans. D. ranarum, a (|>rol>ably)
l>oi', a measure]. The accurate and system- parasitic cylozoon of frogs' blood.
atic measurement of a dose. Dressing dressen, to make
[dres'-ing) [MK.,
Douche (doos/i) [Fr.]. A stream of water straight]. The
application of various
I.
directed against a part, or one used to flush a materials for protecting a wound and favor
cavity of the body. D., Air, a current of air ing its 2. 'llie material so
healing. applied.
directed against some organ for therapeutic A
Drop [.VS., dropa, a drop]. minute iiiais
|)urposes. of liquid which in falling or in hanging from
Douglas's Cul-de-sac or Pouch. See a surface, assumes the spheric form. D.,
Pouch. D.'s Semilunar Fold, a thin curved Black, acetuni opii. See Opium. D. -cul-
that forms the lower part of the poste-
margin ture, in bacteriology, a culture prepared by
rior wall of the sheath of the abdominal rec- placing a little of the infected material in a
tus muscle. of the culture-medium. D., Hanging.
drop
Dover's Powder. See Opium. See J/aitging Drop.
Doyere, Eminence, Hillock, Papilla, or Dropped Hand. A form of paralysis from
Tuft of {doy-ydry The slight elevation in lead-poisoning, consisting in the inability lo
a nmscular fiber corresponding to the entrance contract the extensors of the wrist. D.
of a nerve-fiber. Foot, extreme extension of the foot, espe-
Drachm {dram). See Dram. cially observed in alcoholic neuritis, and
Dracontium {dra-kon' -she-um) [(Tpd/cwv, a dependent upon weakness of the flexors of
dragon]. Skunk cabbage. the foot.
Dracunculus {dra-kun'-ku-lus) [dim. of Dropsical {drop'-sik-al) [iVI/)ui/>, dropsy]. Af-
(5/»iA-(jf, a dragon, sequent]. A genus of fected with or pertaining to dropsy.
threadworms, belonging to the family Dropsy ((/rc/'-Jt") [i)(5/«.)i/i, dn^psy]. An infil-
FilariidiE. tration of the tissues with diluted lymph, or

Draft, Draught {draft) [AS., dragon, to the collection of such lymph in the IkxIv cav-
draw]. A quantity of liquid drunk at one ities. D. of Belly, ascites. D., Cardiac,
gulp. D., Black, compound infusion of that due to failure of compcn.sation in caniiar
senna. D., Effervescing, one containing disease. D. of Chest, hydrothorax. D.
sodium or potassium bicarbonate and a vege- of Peritoneum, ascites, hyilrojxriioneuni.
table acid. D. of Pericardium, hydropericardium.
Dragon's Blood {drag' -onz bind), i. The Drosera {dros'-cr-ah) ['Vx'fr/"'*f. covered with
the D. rotundifolia and I >.
astringent resin of Calamus ratang and C. dew]. Sundew;
draco, I'l Indian rattan palms. 2. The longifolia have been used in pulmonary
resin of various species of Dracicna. 3. tuberculosis. It is an antisp.asmiHlic. and is
The resin of Pterocarpus draco, a W. Indian used in whooping cough and other sp:isnuKlic
tree. The various kinds of dragon's blood coughs.
are astringent, but are no longer used inter- Drug \yx., drogue, drug].
A subsl.incc nsfd
nally.
.asa medicine. D., Antagonistic, one that
Drain {draii) [ME., drainen, to drain]. A neutralizes the action of another.
material that affords a channel of exit for the Drum [.ME., drummc\
The tym|v»num.
discharge from a wound or cavity. See F.ar. D.-head, the membrana lympani.
Drumstick-bacillus. .See Ha.tiiia, J'.ii:\-
Drainage {dran'-aj) [ME., draiueu, to
drain]. The method of effecting the exit
Frrr from
of the discharges from a wound or cavities, Dry {dri) [.\S., drygc, dry]
moisture. D. Cupping, cupping wilh.HU
by means of tubes or strands of fibers, or by
a free incision. D.-tube, a rubber or glass incising the skin. D. Gangrene. Src
tube with perforations lor draining wounds or (iaugnuf. D. Labor, one in which there
is but a slight discharge of liquor amnii. D.
cavities.
DUBOIS' ABSCESS DUODENUM
Pleurisy, pleurisy without effusion. D. Segmental, a tube, on either side of the
'Wine, a wine containing little or no sugar. body of the embryo, situated between the
Dubois' Abscess. See Diseases, Table of. visceral and parietal layers of the mesoblast,
Dubini's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. opening anteriorly into the body-cavity, and
Duboisin [dn bois' in) [after Dubois, a
- -
posteriorly into the cloaca. D., Spermatic,
French i)otanist], C,,H23N03. An alkaloid the vas deferens. D. of Steno. .See D. of
from Duboisia rayoporoides, identical with Slenson. D. of Stenson, the duct of the
hyoscyamin. It is mydriatic, sedative, and parotid gland. D., Thoracic, a duct 18 to
hypnotic. The dose of the sulphate, which 20 inches long, beginning in the receptaculum
1
is the salt
generally used, is gr. jJq 6(7 chyli, passing upward, and emptying into the
(0.00054-0.001). left subclavian vein at junction with the
its
Duchenne's Disease {du-shenz'). Glosso- left internal jugular vein.
It receives all the
labiolaryngeal paralysis. lymph and chyle not received by the right

Duct, or Ductus [^dinere, to lead], tube A lymphatic duct. D. of Wharton, the duct
or channel, especially one for conveying the of the submaxillary salivary gland. D. of
secretions of a gland. D. of Bartholin, Wirsung, the main duct of the pancreas.
the larger and longer of the sublingual ducts, It empties into the duodenum. D., 'Wolffian,
opening into the mouth near to, or in com- the duct of the Wolffian body of the embryo.
mon with, Wharton's duct. D., Common It becomes the vas deferens.
Bile, a duct formed by the union of the cys- Ductile {duk'-til) \_ducere, to lead]. Capable
tic and hepatic ducts. D. of Cuvier, two of being drawn out thin, as a wire or thread.
short transverse venous trunks in the fetus, Ductless Glands. The spleen, thyroid and
one on either side, opening into the auricle thymus glands, suprarenal capsules, and pitui-
of the heart. Each is formed by the union tary body, which have no excretory duct.
of a superior vein, the primitive jugular, and Ductule {duk'-tiil) \_ductulus, a small duct].
an inferior vein. The right one becomes the A small duct.
superior vena cava ; the left one disappears. Ductus {duk' -tus) [L.]. A duct. D.
D., Cystic, the excretory duct of the gall- arteriosus, a short vessel in the fetus
bladder. D., Ejaculatory, a duct formed connecting the pulmonary arterj' with the
by the union of the vas deferens and the aorta. D. auditorius or cochlearis, the
duct of the seminal vesicle and carrying the scala media of the cochlea. D. cuvieri.
semen into the urethra. D., Endolym- Hee Duct of Cuvier. D.venosus, a branch
phatic, a tubular process of the membranous of the umbilical vein in the fetus which emp-
labyrinth of the ear, passing through the ties directly into the ascending vena cava.
aqueduct of the vestibule into the cranial Dulcamara [ihil-kam-a'-ra) \_dulcis, sweet ;
cavity, where it terminates below the dura a war us, bitter]. Bittersweet. The young
mater in a blind enlargement, the sacculus branches of D. solanum, containing an alka-
endolymphaticus. D., Galactophorous, loid, solanin. In overdoses it causes nausea,
one of the milk-ducts of the mammary gland. emesis, and convulsive muscular movements,
D., Hepatic, a duct formed at the margin and in toxic doses is a narcotic poison. It is
of the transverse fissure of the liver by the employed in psoriasis and similar skin-dis-
junction of the right and left
hepatic ducts. eases. D., Ext., Fid. Dose tT\^xxx-f3J
D., Lacrymal. êe D. , jVasa/. D., Lac- (2.0.4.0).
tiferous. See D., Galactophorous. D,, Dulcamarin {dul-kant-a^-riu) \_dulcis, sweet ;
Lymphatic, Right, the vessel that receives A yellow, amor-

aiiiariis, bitter], C.^.jH^Ô,,,.
the lymph from the lymphatics of the right phous alkaloid found in dulcamara, with a
arm, the right side of the head and neck, sweetish bitter taste, sparingly soluble in
the chest, lung, and right side of the heart, water, freely so in alcohol and acetic acid;
and also from the upper surface of the liver. insoluble in ether and in chloroform.
It temiinates at the junction of the right sub- Dulness {dul'-nes) [AS., dol, dull]. Lack
clavian and internal jugular veins. D. of of resonance on percussion.
Miiller, a duct in the embryo, one on each Dumb Unable to utter articulate
{diDii).
side, parallel to the Wolftian duct and ex- speech. D. Ague, a popular term for ague
tending from the body-cavity to the cloaca. or malaria marked by obscure symptoms.
From them are derived the oviducts, uterus, Duodenal (du-o-de'-nal, or du - od^- en -al)
and vagina. In the male they atrophy. D., [^duodcni, twelve each]. Relating to the
Nasal, the duct that conveys the tears from duodenum.
the lacrymal sac into the inferior meatus of Duodenostomy [du-o-den-os' -to-tne') \_dno-
the nose. D., Prostatic, any one of the de nuni ; (T-durt, a mouth]. The operation of
ducts conveying the secretion of the prostate forming an the duodenum
opening into
into the urethra. D. of Rivini, one of the through the abdominal walls.
ducts of the sublingual salivary gland. D., Duodenum [du-o-de'-num, or du-od'-eii-u»i)
DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTION DYSOSMIA
\dnodeni, twelve each so called because it
;
Dysarthrosis (dis-ar-//irc/-sij)
is about twelve
[«Jif, bad; a
tinger-breadths long]. The joint]. A deformed joint.
iirst part of the small intestine
beginning at Dysbasia [dis
-
ba' - ze -
ah) [<!({•, difficult;
the pylorus. It is from 8 to lo inches long, is a step].
/iiiff/*;, Impairment of the fx^wcr of
the most fixed part of the small intestine, con-
walking.
sists of an ascending,
descending, and trans- Dyschromatopsia [dis-kro-mat-op'-se-ak)
verse portion, and contains the openings of dihicult;
[''I'c, ;r/KL/ia, color; &^><c, vi>>ioii].
the pancreatic duct and the common bile- Partial color-hlindness.
ducts. bad
Dyscrasia {diskra'-ze-ah) [<5ir, ;
*
Dupuytren's Contraction. See Diseases, comiiinatioii]. A

depraved t.
'•
.,| nic
Table of. D. Splint, a splint used in the Idood or sysltin due to giin ral .
treatment of Pott's fracture of the leg. Dysenteric [dis-en Ur* ik) [.h., Ud iirt-
;
Dura, or Dura Mater (du'-rah the Iniwels]. of the nature of or if

nia'-tei) (xif,
\_iiunis, hard ; viater, mother] . The fibrous fected with dysentery.
membrane forming the outermost covering Dysentery {dis'-en-ter-e) [rJiV, bad ; îr./-/! ,
of the brain and spinal cord. the bowels]. An

inflainmalion of the larê
Dusting-powder. Any fine powder used to intestine, probably infectious in origin, an<l
dust on tlie skin to absorb or diminish its se- characterized by pain, rectal tencsiiiu.s, and
cretions or allay irritation. the frequent passage of small amounts of
Dutch Liquid. See Ethene Chlorid. mucus and blood. Anatomically, three varie-
Dyad [di'-ad)
[^&va^, two], i.
Having a ties may bedislingui.shed : the catarrhal,
quantivaleiice of two. 2. An element or the diphtheritic, and the gangrenous. The
radicle having a quantivalence of two. true cause of dysentery is not definitely
Dynamic [di-nain^-ik) [iVrvanK;, power]. known, but with many cases the anm l»a coll
Pertaining to energy ;
characterized by energy is intimately associated, particularly in the
or great force. dysentery of the tropics (amebic dysentery).
Dynamics [di-nam' -iks) [(5t'i'a/z(f, power]. Dysesthesia {dis-es-the'-ze-ah) ['hr-, diffi-
See Mechanics. cult; alcdiicir, sensation]. i. Dulncss of
Dynamo [iW -nain-d) \jS'vvatnc, power]. A sensation. 2. Painfulness of any sensation
machine in which an electric current is gen- ""not normally painful.
erated by revolving coils of insulated wire Dysgraphia {dis-graf'-e-ah) [(^'r.
difficult ;
through the field of a magnet intensified by ypa(peir, to write]. Impairment of the power
the same current. of writing as a result of a brain-lesion.
Dynamograph {di-natn'-o-graf) \fivvafiiq, Dysidrosis {dis-id-ro'-sis) [<'/ f,
bad ; W/kj-
power; ypaxpeiv, to write]. instrument An atq, sweating]. Synonym of |)ompholyx.
designed to measure and record graphically Dyslalia [dis-la'-Ie-ah] [<''•';,
ditiicult ; '/n'/.tiv,
muscular strength. to talk]. Impairment of the |H)wcr ol s|>fak-
Dynamometer {di-na?n-om' -et-er) [rfwa/^zf, ing, due to a defect of the organs of s|Kcth.
power fLCTpov, a measure]. An instrument
; Dyslexia {dis-leks'-e-a/i) [(h'r, difficult; /•(;(<,
for the measurement of muscular strength, reading]. Impairment of the ability to read.
particularly of the hand. Dyslogia ((//V-/(/-/('-rt//) [f'l c diflicidt ; /<'}«(•,
Dyne [dm) [rfci-'a/iif, power]. A measure of speech]. Diflicultyin the expression of ideas
force ; it is the force that, when applied by speech.
to a mass of one gram for one second, will Dysmenorrhea (lUs-men-ore'-ah) [<hr, dif-
give it a velocity of one centimeter a second. ficult; \ir]v, month; pkuv, to How]. Ditii-
Dys- 3 prefix meaning bad, difficult, cult or painful menstruation. D., Conges-
[fJuc],
painful. tive, a form of ]iainful menstruation due to
Dysacousma [tiis-ak-ooz^ -niali)
[(5i'f, pain-
an intense congestion of the |)elvic viscera.
ful ; a^•ol'fT/a, sensation of pain
hearing]. A D., Inflammatory, that dui- to iiit1:iiiimn
or discomfort caused by loud or even moder- tion. D., Mechanic. See /'., <
ately loud noises. D., Membranous, a very painful ;; l
Dysacusia. or Dysacousis (dis-ak-oo^-ze-ah acterized by the discharge of shre<ls of dc-

ox hard; iiKOvaia, hearing].
-sis) ['Î'f,
Dif- cidua. D., Obstructive, that due to me-
ficulty of hearing.
chanic obstruction to the free escn|>e of the
Dysaesthesia {dis-es-the'-ze-ah). See Dyses- menstrual lluid. D., Ovarian, lliat lorni due
thesia. to disease of the ovaries. D., Spasmodic,
Dysalbumose [disaV-bu-mdz). A variety of that form dueto spasmodic uterine contraction.
dis mini'- e ah) [ihr, diliicuit
allmmose, insoluble in hot or cold water or
-
Dysmimia i
-
;
hydrochloric acid. jiiininOat, to mimic]. Impnirinenl of the

Dysarthria [dis-ar'-thre-ah) \f>'vr,
difficult ; ]iowir to use signs and gestures.
ill;
apOjjov, a^-'iculation]. Impairment of articula- Dysosmia (dis-oz'-meah) [<h'c, <'","V.
.sense of smell.
tioo. odor]. Impairment of the
DYSPAREUNIA EAR
Dyspareunia {dis-par-oo' -ne-aK) [rJuffTrdptv- Dysphasia {dis-fa' -ze-ali) [c5t'^-,
ill ; (j}aai^,
rof, ill-mated]. Painful or difficult copula- speech]. Difficulty of speech depending on

tion. a central lesion.
Dyspepsia {liis-pcp'-se-ali^ \p^%, difficult; Dysphonia (d/s -fo'- ne - ak) [(5/'f difficult
, ;
7rtT7f7r, to Disturbed digestion.

digest]. 9(ji7/, voice]. An impairment of the voice.
D., Atonic, a form due to insufficient quan- Dysphrasia [dis-/ra' -ze-ah) [Ji'f, ill;
tity or impaired quality

of the gastric juice, speech].
(ppuaic, Imperfect speech, due to
or to deficient action of the gastric muscles. impairment of mental power.
D., Catarrhal, that form caused by inflam- Dyspnea {disp-iw'ah^ [Jrf, difficult -Kviiiv.^ ;
mation of the stomach. D., Intestinal, to breathe]. Difficult or labored breathing.

that due to imperfect digestive action of the D., Cardiac, that due to heart-disease. D.,
intestinal juices, or to lack of tone in the Renal, that due to renal disease.
muscular coat of the bowel. D., Nervous, Dyspneic [disp-fw'-ik) [6vq, difficult ; nvteiv,
that form characterized by gastric pains, to breathe]. Affected with or caused by
coming on often when the stomach is empty dyspnea.
and relieved by eating, and by various reflex Dysspermia [dis-sper'-me-ah ) ['^/c, difticult ;
nervous phenomena, especially by palpitation. a-ipfia, seed]. An abnormal condition of

Dyspeptic [dispep'-tik) [tJt'f, difficult; TrtTr- the semen.
Tiiv, to digest]. I. Relating to or affected Dystocia {dis-to'-se-ah) \_Svq, difficult ; toko^,
with dyspepsia. 2. A person suffering from birth]. Difficult labor. D., Fetal, difficult
dyspepsia. labor due to abnormalities of position or size
Dyspeptone {ilis
-
pip'
-
toti) \pH, difficult; and shape of the fetus. D., Maternal, that
jriiTTEiv, to digest]. An insoluble and unas- dystocia the cause of which resides in the
similable peptone. mother.
Dysperistalsis [dis-per-is-tal'-sis) [('rf, pain- Dystrophic (//?j-//V;/ff) [(5rf, difficult ; Tp6<pf/,
ful -nepi,
;
around craloK;, compression].
; nourishment]. Pertaining to dystrophy.
Painful or perverted peristalsis. Dystrophy {dis'-/ro-/l') [di'f, difficult ; Tpvip?/,
Dysphagia {dis-fa'-je-ah ) \pv^, iH ; (payc'r, nourishment]. Faulty nutrition.

to eat]. Difficulty in swallowing, or inabil- Dysuria (diz-u' -rc-ati) [rfi'f, difficult ; ovpov,
swallow. Difficult or painful urination.
ity to urine].
E. Abbreviation of Eye and Emmetropia. in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
The internal ear consists of the bony and
Ear (e/-) [ME., erg, ear]. The organ of
hearing, consisting of the external ear, the membranous labyrinth, which are sejiarated
middle ear or tympanum, and the internal ear from each other by a space containing the
or labyrinth. The outer ear is made up of an perilymph. Each labyrinth consists of three
expanded portion, the pinna, and the exter- parts the vestibule, the semicircular canals,
:
nal auditory canal. The middle consists of and the cochlea. The bony vestibule com-
the tympanum, with the ear ossicles, the municates with the tympanum by the fenestra
Eustachian tube, and the mastoid cells. The ovalis, closed by the base of the stapes, and
tympanum is lined by mucous membrane, also with the other parts of the internal ear.
and communicates with the pharynx by The semicircular canals are three in number,
means of the Eustachian tube. It is divided the superior, the posterior, and the inferior.
into three parts, the atrium, the attic, and the The cochlea, so named from its resemblance
antrum. Its outer end is closed by the to a snail-shell, cylindric tube that
is a
tympanic membrane, from which sound is winds around a central axis, the modiolus,
conducted along the ear-ossicles (the malleus, which transmits the cochlear nerves and
incus and stapes) to the fenestra ovalis, which blood-vessels. The
cochlear canal is divided
communicates with the vestibule of the in- by the spiral lamina into the scala vestibuli,
ternal ear. By means of the fenestra rotunda, communicating with the vestibule, and the
which is closed by the entotympanic mem- scala tympani, communicating with the fe-
brane, it communicates with the cochlea of nestra rotunda of the tymjianum. The mem-
the internal ear. The mastoid cells, which branous labyrinth is made up of jârts
are also part of the tympanum, are air-spaces corresponding to the bony labyrinth. The
EAR EAR
L---*»
17
; —
1518 1918
I.
•
;. i
The Ear.
I. Pinna, or auricle. 2. Concha.
3. External auditory canal. 4. Membrana tympani. 5. Incus. 6. Mal-
leus. 7. Manubriummallei. S. Tensor tympani. q. Tympanic cavity. 10. r-'ustachiaii tube. 11.
Superior semicircular canal. 12. Posterior semicircular canal. 13. I-'xternal semicircular canal. 14.
Cochlea. 15. Internal auditory canal. 16. Facial nerve. 17. Large petrosal nerve, lb. Vestibular
branch of auditory nerve. 19, Cochlear branch.
Osseous Labyrinth
of the Ear
(Lamina spir-
alis ossea).
Auditory Ossicles. 1,2,3. Semicircular
Head of Malleus. 2. Pro- cau.als. 4. Ves-
cessus brevis. 3. Pro- tibule. 5. Am-
cessus j^racilis. 4. pulla. 6. Fovea
Manubrium. 5. Long semiel 1 i
i)ti ca.
process of incus. 6. 7. Fovea liemi-
Articulation between spherica. 8.
incus and stapes. 7. Cochlea. 9. Ori-
Stapes. gi n of lamina
spiralis ossea.
10. Foramen
rotundum.
Osseous and Membranous Labyrinth of the F,ar.— (//r^/i/»-«.)

Vestibular branih of auditory nerve. 2. Hranch for sacciilus. 3. Hranch (or iilricuhis. 4- Hii«i'«h
ampulla of nicinl)raiious posterior semicircular canal. S- Hranch for ampulla of ekU-riml

for citul.
6. Branch for ampulla of superior canal. 7. Cochlear branch of auditory iicr\w. b. Cochlcsi.
EAR EAR
Cochlea.
Scala tympaiii. 2. Scala vestibuli. 3. Anterior or triangular canal. 4. Posterior or quadrilateral
canal. 5, 5. Spiral ligament. 6. External spiral sulcus. 7. Membrana tectoria, or membrane of
Corti. 8. Membrana basilaris. 9. Spiral vessel. 10. Limbus lamina: spiralis. 11. Pillars of organ
of Corti. 12. Branch of cochlear ner\'e. 13. Ganglion spirale. 14. Branch of cochlear nerve between
the lamellffi of the lamina spiralis ossea. 15. One of the orifices by which this branch penetrates the
canal of Corti. 16. Part of bony cochlea. 17,17. Lining periosteum. 18. Metnbrane of Reissner.
Cochlea (Lamina Spiralis Ossea).

—
Membranous Labyrinth of the Ear. {Holden.) I, I. Surrounding bony structure. 2. Semiin-
Distribution of the vestibular branch of the audi- fundibuliform lamella. 3. Its concave surface.
tory nerve to the membranous labyrinth mem- ; 4. Concave border in which it terminates. 5.
branous vestibule and semicircular canals. Anterior extremity of this border. 6. Cupola,
X 3- superior two-thirds removed. 7. Inferior por-
I. Vestibular branch. 2. Saccular branch. 3. tion of base of semiinfundibuliform lamella. 8,
Utricular branch. 4. Branch to ampulla of ex- 8. Lamina spiralis ossea. 9. Its origin. 10. Its
ternal membranous semicircular canal. 5. beak or terminal portion. 11, n. Scala tym-
Branch to ampulla oi superior membranous pani. 12.Scala vestibuli. 13. Internal aiiditory
semicircular canal. canal. 14. Fossa at the base of the modiolus.
EAR-WAX ECTOPAGUS
vestibule consists of two small sacs, the as if it were speaking into a narrow necked
utricle and saccule, which communicate bottle.
through the vcstilmlar aqueduct, and are lined Echolalia (^/•-o-/(i''-/f-^///) [//x<j, echo; '/M/ua,
by an e[)itheliuin, the macuhim acusticx-, talk]. A meaningless repclilion by a per-
which in places is largely s[)ecialized and reson of words spoken to hiui by others.
ceives the terminations of the vestibular nerve.
Eclampsia {ek-laiup'-seah) liK/.a/inTtiv, to
The membranous cochlea, or cochlear duct, shine or burst forth]. An acute riervou", af-
contains the acoustic organ of the cochlea, fection, characterized by Convul>it>ns with
or organ of Corti, which consists of a series loss of consciousness. E., Infantile, a re-
of epithelial arches formed by the interlocking flex convulsion of childhoiKl. E., Puer-
of tlie entls of the pillars or rods of Corti. peral, a convulsion occurring toward ilie close
Upon the inner rods of Corti are the inner of pregnancy, or after labor, believed to be
acoustic hair-cells ; in relation with the outer caused by tiie irritation of ll)e vasomotor cen
rods are the outer hair-cells. The organ of ters by retained excrenienlili<jus sub.-»laiite5.
Corti is covered by the niembrana tectoria, Eclamptic Io
( ek-lani[)'-tik ) [ Iu'/m/iitthv,
or Corti's membrane. shine or burst fortli]. or of the
Relating to,
Ear-wax. See Cerumen. nature of, eclampsia.
Earth {erth) [ME., erthe, eartli]. A name Eclectic {ek-Lk'-tik) [tKkeKTiKuq, selected].
given to various metallic oxids or silicates, A name chosen by a school of physicians to
not soluble in water and not affected by great denote their principle of selecting llial which
heat. E., Alkaline, the oxids and hydrates good from all other schools.
,is
of calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, Ecraseur [a-krahzer') [I'r.]. An instrument
and other metals of the same group. consisting of a chain or wirehK'|) which is
Earthy Phosphates. See Phosphate. placed about a projecting part, and by l>eing
Eberth's Bacillus. See Bacteria, Table tightened gradually cuts througii the tissues.
'f- . . .
Ecstasy {eks'-ta-se) \J:KaTunt<;, a trance]. A
Ebullition {eb-ul-hsh' -titi) \ebulliere ,Ko\>(y\\ derangement of the nervous system charac-
Boiling. terized by an exalted visionary stale, aUsence
Eburnation {c-bur-na'-shitii) \_ebnr, ivory]. of volition, insensibility to surroundings, a
An increase in the density of bone following radiant expression, and immobility in statu-
inflammation. esque positions.
Ecballium [ek-baF-e-tirn). See Elateritiin. Ecstrophy {ek' stro-fe) [f/c.out; a-pii^tv, lo
Ecbolic (ek-hol'-ik) [^knpo?.//, a throwing out]. turn]. Eversion; the turning inside-out of
1, Producing or accelerating labor. 2. Any a part.
agent producing this effect. Ectasia, Ectasis {ek -
ta'- se-ah, ek'-disis)
Eccentric out Kevrpnv, [^turaaiq, extension]. Uistention ; dilatatitm.
(ek-sen'-trik) \}k, ;
center]. Situated away from the center. Ectatic (ek-tat'-ik) [fKruff/f, extension]. iJis-
E. Hypertrophy, hypertrophy of a hollow lended or dilated.

organ, as the heart, with dilatation. Ecthyma {ek t/ii'-tnah) [tKOvfin, a pustule].
Ecchondroma (ek-koit-dro'-mah) [i/c, out; An inHannnatory skin-disease attended with
Xovt^{wr, cartilage ; o^ta, tumor]. chon- A an eruption of large, flat, supcrlicial pustules.
droma. They vary in size from a ten-cent piece to a
silver quarter-dollar, and are surrounded l>y a
Ecchymoma [eke-mo'-iiiah) [t^x'tifiuija, a
bursting of a small blood-vessel]. tumor- A distinctinllammatory areola. The eruption
like swelling composed of extravasated appears as a rule on the legs and tingiis
blood. where the hairs are thick it occurs in crops,
;
Ecchymosis {ek- e-mo'-sis) [£K.x'i'/i(Jlin, a and may persist for an indefinite iieriml.
bursting of a small blood-vessel]. An ex- Ecto-(c/t''-/(>-) [f^-of, without].
A prefix signify-
travasation of blood into the suiicutaneous ing without, upon the outer side.
tissues. It is marked by a purjile coloration Ectoderm ((•/(^-/(>-(/<vw')[»\T(V. outside; Sfpiia,
of the skin, the color gradually changing to skin]. The outer of the two primitive layers
brown, green, and yellow. of the embryo.
Ecchymotic [ek-e-mof -ik) [f/c;):iVw/'«, a burst- Ectodermal {ek-to-iU-rm'-ul) [i'«rT<Jf, oulsi<le,

Relating to or Pertaining to or formed from
ing of a small blood-vessel]. (Upfia, skin].
the ectoderm,.
resembling an ecchymosis.
to cut]. .\ sulfix,
Echinococcus [e'ki-no-kok' -us) [f^'w^f, a -ectomy [/«,out of; rhiviiv,
a cutting out.
hedgehog; kowotc, a berry], i. The scolex meaning
or larval stage of the tienia echinococcus. Ectogenous {ek to/-eiius){rKT6<:ovLV, jrw-di',
of
2. Hydatid.
to ])roduce]. Cap.ible of growth outside
Echo a sound]. reverber- A the liody, aiijilied especially to b.icteria and
{ek'-o) [vi'fi,
other
ated sound. E., Amphoric, a vocal reson- jiarasiles.
out
ance in which the transmitted voice sounds Ectopagus {ektof>' d^'-iis) [tKro>,, ; -î)'.»„
17
ECTOPIA ELASTIC
a fixture], A twin monstrosity united laterally occurs at times after serious injuries, and
the full extent of the thorax. is characterized by its rapid spread, the
Ectopia (ek-lo'-pe-ali) \iiiToTnx:, displaced]. speedy destruction of the tissue involved,
Malposition. and the formation of gas. It is due to the
Ectopic ([•/{'Vc'/''-//') [."/croTTof, displaced]. In bacillus of malignant edema. E., Purulent,
an abnormal position. E. Gestation, ex- a purulent infiltration in which there is a
trauterine gestation. great deal of fluid.
Ectoplasm {ek' -to-plazni) {Iktijc, without
-
;
Edematous {e-dcin' -at-us) [ôlî/fia, edema].
nÂaaatLV, to form]. The outer, hyaline, more Characterized by edema.
compact layer of protoplasm of a cell or uni- Efferent {t'f'-er-d>il) \_eff'erens, carrying from].
cellular organism. Carrying away, as E. nerves, nerves conveying
Ectromelus {ck-lrom'-el-us) \iKrpuaic^, abor- impulses away from the central nervous sys-
tion; //f/lof, limb]. A single autositic mon- tem of blood-vessels, conveying blood away
;
ster characterized by the presence of imper- from the tissues of lymphatics, conveying
;
fectly-formed limbs. lymph from the lymphatic glands.

Ectropion {ek-tro'-pe-on) \}k, out ; Tpkntiv, Effervescing {c-f-er-ves'-ing) \_iffer7'fscere, to
to turn]. Eversion of a part, especially of boil up]. Giving off gas-bubbles foaming. ;
an eyelid. E. Powder. See Seidlifz Founder.

Ectropionize {tk-tro' -pe-on-tz) [tV, out ; Effleurage (ef-Jlur-azh') [Fr.]. In massage,
Tiitireir, to turn]. To produce by operation the stroking movement.
the condition of ectropion. Efflorescence {ef-lor-cs'-enz^ \efflorescere, to
Eczema [ck'-zc-iiiah) \iKâ:iv, to boil over]. bloom]. I. The spontaneous
conversion of
Tetter an acute or chronic, noncontagious,
;
a crystalline substance into powder by a loss
inflammatory disease of the skin, character- of its water of crystallization. 2. The erup-
ized by multiformity of lesion, and the pres- tion of an exanthematous disease.
ence, in varying degrees, of itching, infiltra- Effluvium [ef-lu'-ve-uin) \_r[llucre, to flow
tion, and discharge. The skin is reddened, out]. An odor, especially one that is offen-
the redness shading off insensibly into the sive.
surrounding unaffected parts. E. erythem- Effusion [ef-u' -zhiiii) \cfftindt'ie, to pour

atosum, the mildest form of eczema, in out]. I. A
pouring-out, especially the pour-
which the skin is reddened and slightly ing-out of blood or serum into the cellular
swollen. E. fissum, a form affecting the tissues or the serous cavities. 2. The ef-
hands and skin over the articulations, and fused fluid.
characterized by the formation of deep, pain- Egesta {e-jes'-taJi) \egerere, to cast out].
ful cracks or fissures. E. hypertrophicum, The discbarges of the bowels or of other ex-
a form characterized by pennanent hypertro- cretory organs.
phy of the papilla; of the skin, giving rise to Egg (eg) [ME., egge, an egg]. See OTian.
general or limited warty outgrowths. E. E. -albumin, white of egg, constituting about
madidans, E. rubrum a form characterized
;
60 [)er cent, of the egg of the domestic fowl.
by large, raw, weeping surfaces studded with Egophony [e-goff^-o-ne) .[^lit^,
a wild goat;
red points. It follows E. vesiculosum. E. ^wi7/, the voice]. A
modification of bronch-
papulosum, a variety associated with the ophony, in which the voice has a bleating
formation of minute papules of a deep-red character like that of a kid. It is heard in
color and firm consistence, and accompanied pleurisy with slight effusion.
by intense itching. E. pustulosum, the Egyptian [c-Jip'-te-an). Pertaining to Egypt.
stage of eczema characterized by the forma- E. Chlorosis. See .Inchy/ostoiiiiasis. E.
tion of pustules. E. rubrum. 'aet E. inui/i- Ophthalmia. See Ophthalmia, Purulent.
dans. E. seborrhceicum. Synonym of Ehrlich's Anilin-water Solution, or Ehr-
seborrhea. E. solare, that form due to irri- lich's Solution. A soluiion of a basic ani-
tation from the rays of the sim. E. squam- lin dye in anilin-oil and water.
osum, a variety characterized by the forma- Eiloid {i'-loid) [f(/fn', to coil nfioc, form]. ;
tion of adherent scales of shed epithelium. Having a coiled structure, as an eiloid tumor.
E. vesiculosum, an eczema characterized Ejaculation [e-Jak-u-la^ -shun) \ejaculatio, a
by the presence of vesicles. throwing out]. The ejection of the semen.
Eczematous {ek-zetn'-at-us) \(Kl,ktiv, to boil Ejaculatory \e-jak' -u-la-tor-e) [ejaeulatio, a
over]. Uf the nature of or affected with ec- throwing out]. Throwing or casting out.
zema. E. Duct. See Duct.
Edema [e-di'-maJi] [o(f5///^rt :
oJrff'e/r, to swell]. Elastic [e-las'-tik) [^tJavvEiv, to urge for-
An infiltration of serum in a part. E., An- ward]. Returning to the original form after
gioneurotic. See Angioneurotic. E., In- being stretched or compressed. E. Band-
flammatory, that due to inflammation. E., age, an India-ruiiljcr bandage exerting con-
Malignant, an edematous inflammation that tinuous compression of a part. E. Stocking,
ELASTIN ELECTROPUNCTU RATION
an India-rubl)er stocking exerting continuous
Electrocautery {elek-tro kait/Ur-e). See
pressure. E. Tissue, a variety of connec- Galvanoi aulerv.
tive tissue composed of yellow elastic fibers. Electrochemistry (el- ek tro -
kern' is -
/re)
Elastin [c'-/as^-//?i) [tAaf'a'tvj', to urge for- If/At KTpoi', amber; The
^jy/^t/n, cliemistry].
ward]. An albuminoid substance forming science treating of the cliemic
changes pro-
the basis of elastic tissue. duced by electricity.
Elaterin, or Elaterinum (êl-al'-a--hi, el-at- Electrode {el -ek'- trod) If/XtKrfKJv, an'
er-i'-nuni) driving away], C^,,-
\t'AaTiipio(;, o'S«r, a way]. The pieces of metal or
H.^^(\. A
neutral principle obtained frma substance fastened to the coiidueliiig cords
Ecballitim elaterium. It is a powerful liyilia- of a battery through which is
electricity ap-
gogue cathartic. Dose gr. ^',y {0.0032). E., plied to the body.
Pulv., Comp. (B. P.), contains elaterin i, Electrodiagnosis («•/- ek tro diatr- n o'
-
iis)
sugar of milk 39 parts. Dose gr. ss-v (0.032- [//AfKrôi, amber diai^nosis'].
;
Diagnosis by
0.32). E., Trituratio, elaterin 10, sugar examining the reaction of llie excitable tissues
of milk 90 parts, thoroughly mixed. Dose of the body by means of electric currents.
gr. ss-l (0.032-0.04). Electrography {el-ek-trog'-ra-Je). See Skio-
Elaterium (el-at-e'-re-nni) [i'karlipMr, driv- i^raphy.
ing away]. The dried sediment from the Electrolysis {el-ek-trol'-isis) \ii7xKTitov, am-
juice of the squirting cucumber, Et/iiillinni ber Ai'wf, solution].
; The tlis.-,olution of a
elaterium. It is a powerful hydragogue ca- chemic compound by an electric current.
thartic. Dose '/8 gr. (0.008). Electrolyte {el-ek-tro'-lit) [/}/.*Kr/«/i', amber ;
Elbow [eF-bo) [AS., Tire region

e/bcii;ii'\. Ai'dir, solution]. A substance deconiixjsed
corresponding to the junction of the arm and by ail electric current.
forearm; the bend of the arm. E.-jerk. See Electrolytic {el-eklro'-litik) lf/}^KTiKii\ am-
J\e/itxes, Table of. ber ;/.iai^, solution]. Relating to electro-
Elder [rF-der). ?iftQ Sai/ibiuus. lysis.
Elecampane {el-e-kain-pan'). See Inula. Electromagnet {el-ektro'magnet) [//>jk-

Electric amber]. Hav-
(i'-A/C'''-/;'//') [?;/,eN-/j(;i', amber; inai;uet\ A mass of soft iron
T{tov,
ing the nature of or produced by electricity. surrounded by a coil of wire. A current

E. Chorea. See DublnVs Disease, in Dis- passing through the wire will make the iron
eases, Table of.
core magnetic.
Electricity [el-ek-tris' -it-e) [///leKTpoj', amber]. Electromassage {el-ek-tromas-azh') [///««-
One of the forces of nature developed or gen- T\nw, amber; massai;e'\. The transmissi'in
erated by chemism, magnetism, or friction. of a current of electricity through a kneailing
E., Chemic. See E., Galvanic. E., Far- instrument.
adic, tliat produced by induction. E., Electrometer {el-ek-trom'-eter) [i/'/eicriMn',
Franklinic, frictional or static electricity. electricity; fiirpnv, a me;r.sure]. An instru-
E., Frictional, that produced by friction. ment for measuring electric force.
E., Galvanic, that which is generated by Electromotive Force {elek-tro-mo'-tiv):
chemic action in a galvanic cell. E., In- The force which produces an electric current.
ductive, that produced in a body by prox- Symbol, E. M. F.
imity to an electrified body. E., Magnetic, Electronegative {el-ek-lro-tug^-ati~>) [ifAfK-
that developed by bringing a conductor near Tpov, amber; negare, to deny]. Pertaining
the poles of a magnet. E., Static, frictional to the electric condition found at the negative
electricity. E., Voltaic. Galvanic or chemic pole of a battery.

Electropathology {el- ek tro- path -
-
ol'- o />) -
electricity.
amber dise;ise '/•
Electrify {el- ek'- trif-l) [7//\,e/crpof, ; \jfAtKrpov, amber; Trtit/m;, ; ,
fa cere, to make]. To make electric. science]. The study of morbid con<.liiii'ii.>
Electrization {el-ek-triz-a' -shun) \ifkzKT\Kn\ by the aid of electric irritation.

amber]. The application of electricity to Electrophysiology {el- ek-tro-fis e-ol' .• ^
the body. [///t\T/ior, amber; pliysiology\

The .-:.
Electro- A of electric reactions, pn>perlies, and relutioiii>
(el-ek' -tro-') \rfktKTpoi', amber].
with or relation to of t)rgans and organic tissues.
prefix denoting connection
electricity. Electropositive {el-ektro-posîtif) [>.
to place].
Electrobiology {el-ek-tro-bi-ol' -o-je') [//Ae\-- Tfior, amber; ponere, Pertaniiiij;
to the electric state which exists at the \k^m-
r/K)i', amber /':J/of,
;
life loyot;, science]. The
;
tive ])ole of a battery.

science of the electric relations and laws of
organic beings. Electropuncturation, Electropuncture {.'/-
^
ek-tro-pung-tura'shutiy -putig' ttu)
''
|
Electrobioscopy {el-ek-tro-bi-os'-ko-pe')\fiXzK- riio u-c
Tpov, amber; ,31or, life; ff/coTTfu', to view]. Tpov, amber; pungere, to prick].
of needles as electrodes, wliicli arc tlirusl into
The test of the existence of life by means of
an organ i.>r tumor.
electricity.
ELBOW-JOINT ELBOW-JOINT
—
Section of Elbow. (From Braune.)
Biceps. 2. Brachialis anticus. 3. Musculo-
spiral nerve. 4. Supinator lotiKUS. 5.
Supinator brevis. 6. Extensor car])! radi-

alis longior. 7. Extensor carpi ulnaris.
8. Triceps.
Ligaments of the Elbow from the Inner Side.— [From

Supply )
I. Anterior lii;anicnt. 2. Internal condyle. 3. Head
of railius covered by orbicular ligament. 4. In-
ternal lateral ligament. 6. Olecranon.
Ligaments of the Elbow from the Outer

Side.
— (From Sappcy.)
2. Orbicular
1. External condyle of humerus.
External
ligament covering head of radms. 3.
lateral ligament. 4. Interosseous membrane.
5. Olecranon.
6. Oblique ligament.
ELECTROSTATICS ELEMENTS
Electrostatics {el-ek-tro-staf -iks) \ji)xZK.Tfwv, rent of electricity. See Atulcctrolonus and
amber; oraTiK6q, causing to stand]. The Catclcctrolonus.
science of static electricity, or that developed Electuary (cUk' lu-ar-e) \elecluariuiii, an
by friction. electuary]. A
soft or pasty nia.ss, consisiing
Electroscope (cl-ek' -tro-skof) \7j\ekt(>ov, am- of a medicinal substance, with sugar, htjnt-y,
ber ; GKonelv, to view]. An instrument for water, etc.
detecting the presence of static electricity Eleidin {e-U'-id-hi) \t'/Ma, olive-oil]. A
and determining whether it is positive or material occurring in the form of granules in
negative. the stratum granulosum of the epidemiis.
Electrotherapeutics {el-ek-tro-thcr-ap-u'- Element [t-l'-emrnt)
\_fU-inniluiit, a first
tiks) \jfA.eKT{wv, amber; llepanEin, treatment]. principle]. Any one
of the ultimate parts of
The science and art of the application of which anything is comjxj.sed, as the cellular
electricity for therapeutic purposes. elements of a tissue. In chemistry, a btxly
Electrotonus {cl-ek-trot'-o-nns) [///'.«k-/)oi',
that cannot be decom|xised into sini]ilcr sub-
amber; rdrof, tension]. The change of con- stances. The recognized elements now num-
dition in a nerve during the passage of a cur- ber about 73. .See Table of Elements.
TABLE OF CHEMIC ELEMENTS.

Arranged alphabetically ffom Funk and IVagtiall's Standard Dictionary [copyrighted].
(Published by permission.)
ELEMENTS ELEMENTS
TABLE OF CHEMIC ELEUENTS.— Conimued.
ELEMENTARY ELEPirANTIASlS
TABLE OF CIIEMIC ELEMENTS.— C^«//«„^,/.
o
Name. n
>•
h W
Samarium, . . . . Sm 1500
Scantliuin, .... Sc 44.0
Selenium, .... Se 79.0
Silicon Si 28.4
Silver {argriitum), Ag 107.9

Sodium (nalrmm), Na 23-05
Staiiiuim [tin).
Stibium {aulimotiy).
Strontium, .... Sr 87.6
Sulphur S 32.06
Tantalum, .... Ta 182.6
Tellurium Te 125.0
Terbium, Tb 160.0
Thallium TI 204. iS
Thorium, Th
Thulium,
Tin (stannum), . .
Titanium
Tungsten (7vol- \
framiunr), . .
J
Uranium,
Vanadium, . . . . V
Wolframiuni {tung-
sten).
Ytterbium, . . . . Yb
Yttrium, Vt
Zinc (zinciim), . . Zn
Zirconium, . . . . Zr
ELEVATOR EMETIC
neous and subcutaneous tissues, due to Afjj', to throw ; forjna {oTm\. , Resembling
obstruction of lymph-vessels, and character- an embolus.
ized by enormous thickenint^ of the affected Embolism {em'-ho-lizni') [«, in ; l3aX7.eiv,
parts. The disease occurs in successive at- to throw]. The
obstruction of a blood-
tacks accompanied by fever, and by swelling vessel, especially an artery, by a fragment
of the affected parts, usually the lower ex- of matter brought from another point. E.,
tremities and genital organs; it is endemic in Air, obstruction of a vessel by a bubble of
certain tropical countries, and seems to be air. E., Fat, obstruction of blood-vessels by
connected, in many cases, with the presence E., Infective, embolism
(
globules of fat.
in the blood of the Filaria sanguinis liominis. in which the emboli contain microorganisms
E. arabum. See Elephantiasis. E. grae- and cause metastatic abscesses. E., Miliary,
corum. See Leprosy. E. telangiectodes, a condition in which many small blood-vessels
elephantiasis characterized by a great increase are the seats of emboli.
in the blood-vessels. Embololalia ( em-bo-lo-la'-le-ah ) [ tv, in ;
Elevator [eF-ev-a-for) \elevare, to lift]. I. jiaA.7.ELv, throw; Aa?dd, talk]. The inter-
to
The same as Levator. See Muscles, Table calation of meaningless words into the speech.
of. 2. An instrument for elevating or lifting Embolus {ei)i' -bolus) \kv, in; âWtuv, to
a part. throw]. A particle of fibrin or other mate-
Elimination {e lim ?«- a'- shint) [c, out
- -
;
rial brought by the blood-current and form-
limen, threshold]. The process of expelling ing an obstruction at its place of lodgment.
or casting out, especially waste-products. Emboly {em'-bo-le) \hii(io}J], insertion]. The
Elixir {el-iks'-ir) [Arab., el iksir, the phil- process of invagination that gives rise to a
osopher's stone]. A
sweetened, aromatic, gastrula from a blastosphere or vesicular
spirituous preparation, containing only a morula.
small amount of an active ingredient. E. Embrocation {evi-bro-ka' -shun) [f//,'3/5ejfn',
aromaticum (U. S.). Compound spirit of to soak I. The application, especially
in].
orange, 1.2, syrup 37.5, deodorized alcohol, by rulibing, of a liquid to a part of the body.
distilled water, each a sufficient quantity to 2. The liquid so applied.
make loo c.c. It is used as a vehicle. E. Embryo {em'-bre-o) \tv, within ; fipveiv, to
I. The product of conception
phosphori, spirit of phosphorus 21, oil- of swell with].
anise 0.2, glycerol 55, aromatic elixir a suffi- up to the fourth month of pregnancy. 2. The
cient quantity to make loo cc. fertilized germ of an animal.
Elkoplasty {el'-koplas-ty). See Neleoplas/y. Embryocardia {em-bre-o-kar' -de-ah) [tr,

Elm. See Ulmiis. within ;
swell with ; napiUa, the
(ipveiv, to
Elutriation {e-hi-tre-a' -shtcn') \jhttriare, to heart]. condition A
in which the heart
wash out]. A
process whereby the coarser sounds resemble those of the fetus, the first
particles of an insoluble substance are sepa- and second sounds lieing almost identical.
rated from the finer by decanting the fluid Embryogenetic {em-bre-o-jen-et'-ik) [fv,
after the coarser particles have settled. witliin ; iSpveiv, to swell with]. Giving rise
Elytritis [el-itri' -lis) [e/irpoi', sheath ; trig, to an embryo.
inflammation]. Inflammation of the vagina. Embryology {em-bre-ol'-o-je) \}v, within ;
Elytroplasty [el'-it - ro-plas- te) \_elvrj)(w, fipveiv, to swell

with; /oyng, science]. The
sheath; TT7drsaiLv, to form]. Aplastic opera- science dealing with the development of the
tion upon the vagina. embryo.
-
Elytroptosis [el- it rop to'- sis)
-
[^tTivrpnv, Kmhryonlc {em-bre-on'-ik)lêv, within; flpreiv,
sheath; irruaig, a falling]. Prolapse of the to swell Pertaining to the embryo.
with].
vagina. E. Area, an opaque circular spot that forms
Elytrorrhaphy {el-it- ror' a -fe)
-
\j7.vTpm>, on the blastoderm. E. Tissue, tissue
sheath ; pa<pi/, a seam] Suture of the vaginal in the undifferentiated state, consisting of
wall. small, round cells. E. Spot. See E. Area.
Emansio {e-man'-se-o) [L.]. A failing. E. Embryotome {em' -bre-o-tdm) \iv, within ;
mensium, delay in the first appearance of [ipreiv, to swell with rniii/, section].
;
An
the menses. instrument for performing embryotomy.
Embedding {em-bed' -in<f) \_iu, in; AS., bed, Embryotomy (ent-bre-ot' -o-nte) \iv, within ;
The - The
bed]! fixation of a tissue-specimen in a ^p'vFiv, to swell with ro"//, section].
firm medium, in order to keep it intact during cutting up of the fetus in utero for the pur-
the cutting of thin sections. pose of reducing its size.
Embole {em'-bo-le). See Emboly. Emesis {em'-es-is) \_efiieiv, to vomit] . Vom-
Embolic {em-bol'-ik) [ii',
in ; fid'Aleiv to iting.
throw]. Relating to or caused by an em- Emetic {e-met'-ih) lê/neriKdr, causing vomit-
bolus. ing]. I. Having the power to induce
Emboliform {em-bol' -if-or»i) \tv, in; /?dA- vomiting. 2. An agent causing emesis. E.,
EMETIN ENAMEL
Direct, or E. Mechanic, one actin<T directly connective tissue of the lung. E., Pulmon-
on the nerves of the stomach. E., Indirect, or ary, a condition of the lungs characltri/.td by
E., Systemic, one acting througli the blood a permanent dilatation of tiie alveoli with
uiion the vomiting center. atrophy of the alveolar walls and the bJDod-
Emetin [i»i^-et-iii). See Ipecacuanha. vessels, resulting in a loss of the normal
Emetocathartic iêm
-
et -
o-kath -
ar' -
tik) elasticity of the lung-tissue. It is associaietl
[f/^nTff, vomiting; KaOaipeiv, to purge]. with dyspnea, with hacking cough, and de-
JIaving power to induce vomiting and fective aeration of the blood. The chest
purgation. becomes round or barrel •sliai)ed, the right side
Eminence an emin-
[eni'-in-ens] [eminentia, of the heart hypertrophies, the al doniinal
ence]. A projecting, prominent part of an viscera are displaced downward. '1 he causes
organ, especially of a bone. E., Canine. are a lessened resistance on the i)art of the
See Canine. E., Collateral, a projection lung, which may be inhcritcrl or ac<|uircd,
in the lateral ventricle of the brain between and a distending force, which is usually ex-
the middle and posterior horns. E., Frontal, piratory in character, and consists in chronic
the two eminences of the frontal bone aliove cough, the blowing of wind instruments, or
the superciliary ridges. E., Iliopectineal, other labor throwing a strain on the respira-
a ridge on the ujiper surface of the pubic tory function. E., Substantial, a synonym
bone. E., Nasal, the prominence above oi E.^Pulvionary. E., Vesicular, that due
the root of the nose between the superciliary to dilatation of the air-vesicles.
ridges. E., Parietal, the eminence of the Empiric((7w-///"'-//(')[f//rf«p/Kor, experienced].

parietal bone.
I. Based on practical observation and not
Emissary Veins (em' -is-ar-e) \_e, out mit- ;
on scientific reasoning. 2. One who in
te)\\ to send]. Small veins piercing the practising niedicitie relies solely on c.x|H-rience
skull and conveying blood outward. and not on scientific reasoning ; a quack.
Emmenagogue [etn - en' - ag • og) [t/ifi7;vn, Emplastrum (emplas'-trtim) \j [i-'/Moativ , to
the menses (ijwyof, leading]. I. Stimulating
; plaster up]. A plaster.
the menstrual flow. 2. An agent that stimu- Emprosthotonos (em -pros - thot' o tins)
lates the menstrual flow. E., Direct, one \_ûTr-fj(inllti', forward; roi'or, tension]. 'I'lmic
acting directly on the generative organs. E., nmscular spasm in which the body is bent
Indirect, one acting by relieving an under- forward.
Empusa the name
lying condition, as anemia, constipation, etc. (etn-poo'-zaK) ['E//Tf»i'ffa,
Emmetropia {em-e/-ro' -/'e-a/t)[iv, in ; îlrfwv,

of a hobgol)lin]. A genus of fungi parasitic
measure; <Ji/', the eye]. Normal or perfect on living insects and causing their death.
vision. The state of an eye in which, when Empyema (c'/;/-//-f'-///(?//) [/c, in; n-ior, pus].
I'us in a cavity, especially in the pleural cav-
accommodation is suspended, parallel rays of
E. necessitatis, an emi)yema in which
light are brought to a focus upon the retina. ity.
the pus burrows between tlie intercostal sf>aces
Emmetropic {em-et-rop'-ik) iihpov, \iv, in ;
and appears as a subcutaneous tumor. E.,

measure ; mp, the eye]. Characterized by
eniTnetropia. Pulsating, one which transmits the jiulsa-
to soften]. tions of the heart to the chest wall.
Emollient {r-mol' -vent) \_einoUire,
I. Softening; relaxing; soothing. 2. A Emulsify (e-mul'-se-fy) [emiilgeie,
to milk
substance used by external application to sof- out].To make into an enmlsion.

Emulsin [e-mnl'-sin) to milk out].
ten the skin ; or, internally, to soothe an irri- [emti/gere,
tated or inflamed surface. A pioteid ferment coniainetl in bitter almonds.
to move It aids in emulsifying almond-oil, and y its I
Emotional [e-rno'-shitn-al) [ernovere,

E., In- action on amygdalin liberates hy<lrocyanic
out]. Pertaining to the emotions.
acid.
sanity, insanity characterized by exaggera-
tion of the emotions or feelings.
Emulsion (e mii/'s/it/n) [,«////.«/(', emulsion].
to A preparation consisting
of a li<|uid, usually
Emphysema {cm-fn-e'-mah) [y/ifvmitiv,
water, containing an insoluble substance
in
inllatt]. A condition in which there is air
or gas in normally airless tissues or an excess suspension.

Emulsum (e-mn/'-aum)
An emulsion.
of air in tissues normally containing a certain [1..].
senile emphy- The fiillowing emuMons are otVici.nl K. :
quantity of it. E., Atrophic, K.

sema of the lung, characterized by a diminu- ammoniaci, K. amygdal.e, K. ftsaf.etid.v.
E., Cutaneous, chloroform!.

tion in size of the lung. to
Emunctory mini k'- for- e) [rmiingere,
the presence of air or gas in the connective (e
I. Kxcrctory;
tissues beneath the skin. E., Gangren- blow the nose, to wipe out].
removing waste pnxlucts. 2.
An org.nn th.il
ous. See FJcwa, Malignant. E., Hy-
See E., excretes waste-m;iterials.
pertrophic. E., Pulmonary. etutmnite, en-
in the con- En.Tmel (en am'-,!) |MK..
Interstitial, the presence of gas
the auulj. The vitreous suUtnnce of the in>wn
nective tis.sue of a part, particularly in
ENARTHRODIAL ENDOMETRITIS
of the tooth. E. -column, E. -fiber, E.- skin within the skin.
;
E. Medication, a
prism, E.-rod, any one of the minute six- method of administering medicines through
sided jjrisms of which tlie enamel of a tooth the skin after removal of the cuticle by means
is composed. E. -organ, the ectodermic of a blister.
epithehal cap or process from which the Endo- {end-ô-^ \iv6ov, within]. A prefix
enamel of a tooth is developed. meaning within.
Enarthrodial ( en-ar-thro' -de-al^ [fi', in ; Endocardiac, Endocardial {en-do-kar' -de-
aptipov, a joint]. Having the character of an ck, en-do-kar'-dc-al ) \tv6ov, within Kapdia,;
enarthrosis. the heart]. Situated or arising within the

Enarthrosis iên-ar-lhro' -sis) \f.v, in apOpov, ;
heart.
jeiint].
A ball-and-socket joint, like that of Endocarditis [en do kar di'- tis")
- - -
\lvôv,
the hip. within; Kap6ia, the heart; nic,, inflamma-
Encanthis (en-kan'-this) [f r, in ; Kavdoq, tion]. Inflammation of the endocardium or
canthus]. A new growth in the inner canthus lining membrane of the heart. The condi-
of the eye. tion may be acute or chronic. Acute endo-
Encapsulation {en-kap-sti-la' -shini) \_€n, in ; carditis is either warty or ulcerative, both
capsida, a capsule]. The process of sur- of these being microorganismal in origin.

rounding a part with a capsule. The most frequent causes of the acute form
Encephalic ( cn-scf-al' -ik ) [ eyK£(j>a?iog, the are rheumatism and the infectious fevers.
brain]. Pertaining to the brain. The disease usually affects the valves of the
Encephalitis ( cn-sef-al-i' -tis kyKEâkoq,
) [
left side of the heart, and gives rise to a
brain ; iTiq, inflammation]. Inflammation of murmur, to fever, dyspnea, and rapid pulse.
the brain. In the ulcerative form the symptoms resem-
Encephalocele [en-sef'-al-o-se!) [kyKecâTioq, ble those of pyemia (hectic fever, chills,
l)rain ; Kr/Ai], tumor]. Hernia of the brain. sweats, embolic processes). Chronic or
Encephaloid [ en-sef'-al aid) \_kyKe(t>aAoq, sclerotic endocarditis is either a terminal
brain; fMof, like]. I. Resembling brain- process following the acute forms, or is a
tissue. 2. Soft carcinoma. See Carcinoma. primary affection beginning insidiously. The
Encephalomalacia [en-sef-al-o-mal-a' -se-ali) latter is usually associated with general arte-
[f}'K:f0«/lof, brain ; //aAoKm, softening]. Soft- riosclerosis, and is due to gout, rheumatism,
ening of the brain-substance. alcoholism, syphilis, and to other obscure
Encephalon ( en-sef -al-on ) \i.yKtâ.'Koq, the causes. Both the acute and the chronic form
brain].The brain. give rise to insufficiency or obstruction of the
Encephalopathy (en-sef-al-op' -ath-e) \iyKi^- valvular orifice, or to both combined.
n}\OQ, brain; irdhor, disease]. Any disease Endocardium ( en-do-kar'-de-iim ) [ Ivôv,
of the brain. within xapfi'ia,
;
the heart]. The serous
Encephalospinal (
en - sef- al- o - spi'- nal) membrane lining the interior of the heart.
\jyKi(paA<)r, the brain ; spina, the spine]. Per- Endocervicitis {en-do scr-vis-i^ -tis) [fi'(ôi',
taining to the brain and spinal cord. witliin; cervix, neck; itiq, inflammation].
Enchondroma {en-kon-dro'-mah') \jiv, in; Inflammation of the lining membrane of the
Xuv^^poc., cartilage; oaa, tumor]. A chon- cervix uteri.
droma. Endoderm [en^- tlo-denn) \_h'iôv, within;
Enchylema {en-ki-le' -ttiah') \iv, in ; jf'?iOC, (^tp/in, The inner of the two primi-
skin].
juice]. A
fluid, granular substance filling the tive cell -layers of theembryo. It lines the
interstices of the cell-body and the nucleus. cavity of the primitive intestine and its deriv-
Encysted iên - sist'-cd) [ir, in; Kvariq, a atives. Syn. Hypoblast. See Blastodervi.
bag]. Enclosed in a cyst, or capsule. Endogenous {en-doj' -en-iis) \ir^tw, within ;
Endarteritis [cnd-ar-ter-i'-tis) \(vf<ov, within ; yevi/r, protlucing]. Produced within. Ap-

aprt/pia,artery; irig, inflammation]. In- plied to spore-formation or cell- formation in-
flammation of the inner coat of an artery. side of a parent cell.
E., Obliterating, arteritis obliterans, a form Endolaryngeal [en-do-lar-in' -je-al^ \lv6ov,
in which the jiroduction of new connective vi'ithin; /.apv}i, the larynx]. ^Vithin the
tissue obliterates the vessel-lumen. larynx.
End-artery [end-ar^-fer-i) [AS., cnde, end; Endolyr jh [en'-dodinif) [^nôr, within ;
aprr/pla, artery]. An artery that does not lynipha, ater]. The fluid of the membran-
communicate with other arteries. E. -organ, ous labyr ath of the ear.
the terminal part of a sensory nerve-fiber. Endometritis (en - do - me - tri' - /is) [f I'Jov,
Endemic {cn-dent'-ik') \iv, in ; dy/iog, a peo- within; /ji/rpa, the womb; /r/f, inflamma-
ple]. Of a disease, found in a certain place tion]. Inflammation of the endometrium.
more or less constantly. E., Cervical, êe £ndocer7'iei/is. E., Fun-
Endermic {cn-der'-mik) [f i', in ; îpua, the gous, that in which the lining membrane is
skin]. Situated on or applied to the true hypertrophied, with the formation of vascular
ENDOMETRIUM ENTERDI.ITH
granulations. Tliis is also called hcmoriliagic Latent, E., Potential, tie ]iower |X)sse-s«<l
endometritis. E., See !'..,
Hemorrhagic. by a body at rot, liy virtue of its posiijoii,
Futiiôits. E., Simple, a catarrhal inflam- as the potential E. of a suspended weight.
mation of the endometrium. Engorged {e)t;ôrjd') [Fr., engorgement, a
Endometrium {en - do - tne'- tre uni) [t r(5oi', -
clioking uji]. Congested.
within; //;/7/)n, uterus]. The mucous mem- Engorgement {en-iôrj'-ment) [Fr. cw ;'<•/;;_'«- ,
brane lining the uterus. mciit, a choking up]. Over di.slcntion of the
Endomysium {e)) - do - nth' - e - tint) \hvôv, vessels of a part with blood.
witliin îi%, muscle].
;
The connective tissue Enophthalmos ( en-offthal'ntos ) [tv, in ;
between the fibrils of a muscular bundle. hi^ttakfidq,the eye]. Recession of the eye-
Endoneurium (en-do- nii'-rc-um') \_kvfiov,
ball into the orbit.
within; i-tr/tor, a nerve]. The delicate con- Enostosis {en -
os -
to' sis) [*r, in ; Itmlnv,
nective tissue holding together the fibrils of bone]. A tumor or bony oulgnnvtli witliin
a bundle of nerves. the medullary canal of a bone.
Endoparasite [en - do -par' - as - It') \ivî)v, Ensiform ( en' sif-orm ) \ensis, a sword ;
within 7rff/)dff(rof, parasite].
;
A parasite liv- forwa. form]. Shaped like a sword. E.
ing within its host. Appendix, the cartilaginous process at tiie
Endoscope (eii'-do -
shop) [frrfoc, within; lower extremity of the sternum.
aKo-tii', to observe]. An instrument for the Ensomphalus {en - som' • fal us) \i\\ in ;
examination of a body-cavity through its nat- a(,>ua, body ; uutpdAoc, navel]. A double
ural outlet. monstrosity, with jiractically complete and
Endoskeleton [en do skel' et tin) \iv6ov, functionating organs, but united with a more
- - - -
within ;
nKt'kzTOv , a dry body]. The internal or less .superficial bond.
sujiporting structure of an animal. Enteralgia {en-ter-al' -je-ali) \ivTt(mv, intes-

Endosmometer [en-dos-mom' -et-er) tine ; '1/jor, pain]. Pain in the bowels.
[iivJoi',
within ; Lcfw^, a thrusting litrpov, a meas- ; Enterectomy {en-ter-ek' -to nie) [fiTf/xn-, in-
An instrument for measuring endos- testine; iKTOjiii, excision]. Excision of a
ure].
mosis. part of the intestine.
Endosmosis [cn-dos-tno'-sis) \iv6ov,
within ; Enterepiplocele {en-ter-ep-ip' -lo-sll) [<" iTr/wn',
impulsion].
(Jcr//('(f,
The passage of a liijuid intestine; in(TT'/.<inv, caul; nrf/ij, hernia].
Hernia which both bowel and cinentum
through a porous septum from without in waid.
in
Endosmotic {en-dos-mof -ik) \lv6ov, within ;

are involved.
Enteric Per-
uaii6(;, a thrusting]. Pertaining to endosmo- {en-/er'-ik) [ti'-fôr, intestine].
sis. E. Equivalent, the weight of distilled taining to the intestines. E. Fever, typhoid
water that passes into the flask of the endos- fever.
mometer in exchange for a known weight of Enteritis {en-ter-i'-tis) [ivTepni;

Iwwel ; <r/f,
the sol ul lie substance. intlammation]. Inflammation of the intes-
within tine.
Endospore {en' -do-spor) \_iv(ôv, ;
A
(TTTopof, seed]. A spore formed within the
Entero- {en' -ter-o-) [fiTf/x-r, intestine].
parent-cell. ]irefix denoting relation to the intestine.
Endosteum within Enterocele {en'-ter-o-sil) [iiTf/ioi', Iwwel;
{end-os' -te-nm) {iviôv, ;
boTiov, bone]. The vascular membranous h/////, tumor]. A hernia containing a l<op
tissue the medul- of intestine.
layer of connective lining
lary cavity of bones.
Enterocholecystostomy ( entero ko lesis-
Endothelial {en-do-lhe'-le-al) \}\'ôv, within ;
t.'s'-to lite). Same as Choleeystenteroslomy.
Enteroclysis {en ter ok'- lis
-
[f iTf^r.
- -
Pertaining to endothelium.
is)
-
^V/A nipple].
Endothelioma bowel; Kf'vmc, a drenching]. Injection of
{en-do-thele-o'-inah) \j\hSuv,
A a large «iuanlity of fluid into the rectum to
within; thj7y>i,f\ nipple; baa, a. tunmr].
of sarcoma, formed by the multiplica- reach the small intestine.
variety
tion of the endothelial cells of lymi^liatic Enterocolitis {,n-ter-o-koli'-tis) [riTtpov,
intestine; k6}ov. colon; tri^, inflammation].
spaces. and ol the
Endothelium with- Inflammation of the small intestine
{cn-do-ihe' -le-um) {fviSnv,
See Cell, Endothelial.
colon.
in ihf/ii, nipple].
;
See
Enema (*«'«// <///) [f i', in ; (Virt/, to send]. Enteroepiplocele {en tero-e-pip'-lostl).
A rectal injection for therapeutic or nutritive l-'.ttlerepif'huele.

Enterogastritis {en ter o:-,^^ tri' ti<) f/irr-
purposes. stomach iri>\ infl.im-
intestine; ji/^r/y/i, ;
Energy {en'-er-i:;i^ \}v, work]. in; f/))oi', ,)or,

and
Inflammation of llu- stoniaili
The capacity for doing work. All forms of mation].
convertible one into the intestine.
energy are mutually Uiwcl
in Enterolith {en' ler-olilh) [/rrr/ioi-.
:
other, without loss, a principle expressed .\ concretion formed in the

the term
" conservation of energy." E., >/^/i« a stone].
,
in molion. E., intestines.

Kinetic, the power of a body
ENTEROPATHY EPICYSTOTOMY
Enteropathy (^cn
-
ter - -
op' ath-e) \lvTtpov, Eosin (e'-o-sitt) [/}«?, the dawn], CjoHgBrÔj.
bowel ; Trutfof, disease]. Any disease of the Tetrabromtluorescein an acid dye produced
;
intestines. by the action of bromin on fluorescein sus-

Enteroplasty {en' -ter-o-plas-te) \lvrepov, pended in glacial acetic acid. It occurs in
bowel ir'/.aaauv, to form]. A plastic opera-
;
red or yellowish crystals, and is used as a
tion upon the intestine. stain in histology. (I
Enterorrhagia [en-ter-or-a/ -e-a/i) [ivTEpov, Eosinophile (e-o-sin'-o-fil) \eosin, 6i?.£lr, to V5

bowel; /)//}-ctra^, to burst forth]. Intestinal love]. Showing a peculiar affinity for eosin-
hemorrhage. stain or for acid-stains in general.
Enterorrhaphy (c-w
- ter- or'-a-fe) \lvTepov, Epencephalon (ep-en-sef -al-on) [f n-/,
on ;
bowel ; 'pa<^Tj, suture]. Suture of the intes- i-jKeoaAoc, brain]. The after-brain or hind-
tine. brain the cerebellum and pons taken together.
;
Enterostomy [en
-
ter-os'- to - me ) \_h'repov, Ependyraa (ep- en' -dim -ah) \t-kv6vp.a, an
bowel; mouth].
crrti/zn:,
The formation of an upper garment]. The lining membrane of
arti.icial opening into the intestine through the cerebral ventricles and of the central canal
the abdominal wall. of the spinal cord.
Enterotome {en' -ter-o-toni) \lvTtpov, bowel ; Ependymitis (ep-en-dim-i'-tis) [tVt' i'(5iy/a, an
TEnvEiv, to cut] An instrument for cutting
.
upper garment niq, inflammation]. Inllam-
;
open the intestine. mation of the ependyma.

Enterotomy (en - ter - of - o - me) \_lvTepov, Ephedra (ef -e-drah)\kT:i,\x^(yR ; ff^/5a,aseat].
bowel; rifivecv, to cut]. Incision of the in- A genus of plants of the Gnetacea;. E. anti-
testine. syphilitica, has been used in gonorrhea. Dose
Enterozoon (en-ter-o-zo' -on) \lvTtpov, intes- of the fluid extract, f 3J-ij (4.0-S.o). E. vul-
tine ; <^(^v, an animal]. An animal parasite garis, contains the alkaloid ephedrin, which
ot the intestine. is mydriatic.
Enthetic {en-thet'-ik) [tinfih'ai , to put in]. Ephelis (ef'-el-is) [ctt/, on; rfKoq, wart]. A
Introduced ; coming from without applied ;
freckle.
especially to syphilitic and other specific con- Ephemeral (ef-em'-er-al) [e6r/in}pog, living a
tagious diseases. day]. Temporary. Applied to fevers that
Entoblast [en' -to-Hast) \tvr6^, within ; ^7mcs- pass away in a day.
Tor, a bud, germ]. i. The nucleolus of a Ephidrosis (ef-id-ro'-sis) [f t/, upon ; ((^pwu/f,
cell. The entoderm.
2. sweating]. Excessive perspiration. See Ny-
Entophyte (en' -to-fit) \ivT6z, within; (pvrov, peridrosis.
a plant J . A
vegetable parasite living within Epiblast upon ; ^'/aaroQ, a
(ep'-e-blast) [t7r/,
the body of its host, as e.o-., a bacterium. sprout]. The
external or upper layer of the
Entoplastic [en-to-plas'-tik) \tvT6q, within ;
blastoderm called also the ectoderm, from
;
-'/anaeLv, to form]. I. Having an endoplast which are developed the central nervous sys-
or nucleus. 2. Pertaining to the nucleus. tem and the epithelium of the sense-organs,
Entoptic (ent-op'-tik) \ivT6q, within ; o-TiKoq, the mucous membranes of the mouth and
pertaining to vision] Pertaining to the inter-
. anus, the enamel of the teeth, the epidermis
nal parts of the eye. E. Phenomena, visual and its derivatives (hair, nails, glands, etc.).
sensations generated within the eye. Epiblastic (ep-e-f>last' -ik)[i-!Ti ,\xôn; li'/aaroc,
Entotic (ent-of-ik) [firof, within ovq, ear]. ;
a sprout] .
Pertaining to or derived from the
Pertaining to the internal parts of the ear. epiblast.
Entozoon (en-to-zo' -on) [t'wof, within ; Cuof, Epibole, Epiboly (ep-ib'-ol e) \i~i, upon ;
an animal]. An animal parasite living within /^(j>/.fiv, to throw]. The

enclosure ot the
another animal. large yolk-mass of an invertebrate ovum by
Entropion (en-fro'-pe-on) [tr, in ; rperreiv, to the overgrowth of cleavage-cells.
turn]. Inversion of the eyelid, so that the Epicanthus (ep-e-kan'-thus) [fTr/, on ; Knvfloc,
lashes rub against the globe of the eye. angle of the eye]. A fold of skin over the
Enucleation (e-nti-kle-a' -shuti) \e, out of ;
inner canthus of the eye.
nucL'tis, a kernel]. The shelling-out of a Epicondyle (ep-e-kon'-dil) [ett/, upon;
kov-
tumor or organ from its capsule. The exci- (hAof a knuckle].
,
An eminence upon a bone
sion of the eye-ball. above its condyle.
Enuresis (en-u-re'-sis) [kvovpiELv, to be in- Epicranium (ep-e-kra' -ne-um) [f t/, upon ;
continent of urine]. The involuntary empty- cranium].
Kpai'iur, The structures covering
ing of the bladder. E., Nocturnal, that oc- the cranium.
curring at night, during sleep. Epicranius (ep-e-kra' -ne-iis) \£-[, upon ; Kpn-
Enzyme (en'-zim) [er, in; C'',"';. leaven]. 1. i(oi, cranium].The occipito-frontalis muscle.
Any ferment formed within the living organ- Epicystotomy (ep-e-sis-tot'-o-me) [t~(, u[X)n ;
ism. 2. A chemic ferment, as distinguished A/rrr/c, a bladder; reuvc/v, to cut]. Supra-
from organized ferments, such as the yeasts. pubic incision of the bladder.
EPICYTE ElMPJIVSIS
Epicyte {t-p' -c-sit) [t;r/, upun; /cvrof, cell]. tonic and clonic convulsions, tlie paroxysDis
'I'lie cell-wall. An epileptic seizure
lasting but a short time.
Epidemic {ep-e-detii'-ik) [en-t, upon ; fifumq, is often preceded by a |M:cuiiar sensation, or
people]. Of a disease, affecting large num- aura, and as the patient falls he s<jnielimes
bers, or spreading over a wide area. makes an outcry, the epileptic cry. E.,
Epidemiography {ep-c-Jem-e-og' -ra-fc) [ix/, Cortical, E., Focal, or E., Jacksonian,
upon ; ih'itior, people; yfrnÊiv, to write]. A S|>asniotlic contractions in certain groups
description of epidemic diseases. of muscles, with retention of consciousness,
Epidemiology {tp-e-dem-c-ol' -o-je) [t7r(, up- due to local
disease of the cortex. E.,
on ; people; /Idyof, science].
if/^'K, The Masked. E. larvata. In this, involuntary
science of epidemic diseases. actions, often violent, replace the convulsion.
Epidermatic, Epidermic [ep-e-der-mat'-ik, E., Nocturnal, epilcp.sy in which the attack
-dcT^-fntk) [fTTt, u[Kjn Sipfia, skin].
; Re- occurs during sleep. E., Procursive, a
lating to the ej)idermis. E. Method, a form in which the patient runs rajiidly for-
method of administering medicinal substances ward before falling. E., Spinal, paroxysms
by applying them to the skin. of clonic spasm in the lower extremities
Epidermis {ep-e-dei'' -7nis) [cjt/, upon depfia, ; sometimes observed in the course of spastic
the skin]. The outer layer of the skin. Ihe paraplegia.
scarf-skin, consisting of a layer of horny cells, Epileptic [tn-<7vV"f, a laying
{ep-il-ep' -tik)
that protects the true skin. hold of]. Pertaining to or like epilei>sy.
I.
Epididymis 2. One affected with E. Aura,

{ep-e-did'-im-is) [trr/, upon; epilepsy.
the testes].
fS/(?D//o'.,
The small body lying E. Cry. See Epilepsy. E. Dementia, the
above the testis. The superior end is the dementia which is fre(|uciitly the terminal
globus major, the inferior, the globus minijr. stage of epile]>sy. E. Equivalents, tian>i-
Epididymitis {ep-e-did-iin-i' -tis) \i.ixn'si6vidq,
ent psychic disturbances replacing the typic
ejiididymis; <rif, intlammation]. Inflamma- convulsions. E. Mania, mania following
tion of the epididymis. or taking the place of the fit.
Epidural [ep-e-du' -ral^ ['t/, upon ; duriis, Epileptiform [ep-il-ep' -tif-orni) [tT(/v\''/f, a
hard]. Situated upon or over the dura. laying hold of; forma, form]. Resembling
Epigastric [ep-e-gas' -trilS) [err/, upon; -yaarlip, an epileptic attack.
belly]. Relating to the epigastrium. E. Epileptogenous {ep-il-ep-loj'-en-us) [''ri-
Reflex. See Reflexes, 7 able of. epilepsy;
'/.jplnc, yevvav, to produce]. I'ro-
Epigastrium (ep-e-gas' -tre-uin) [tn-/, upon ; ducing epilepsy.

jaari/p, stomach]. The upper and middle Epileptoid (ep-il-ep' -/old) [in-i'Aî/'tf, a laying
part of the abdominal surface corresponding hold of ; c'cSoi,-, likeness]. Resembling epilepsy.
to the position of the stomach ;
the ejjigustric Epimysium [ep-e-ine'-ze-um) [in-i, upon; /ii'f,
region. See Abdomen. a muscle]. The sheath of areolar tissue sur-
Epigea, or Epigaea {epeje'-ah) [f?r/, upon ; rounding a muscle.
yala, earth]. A
genus of trailing ericaceous Epinephrin {ep-e-nef'-rin) [et/, ujwn; \t^(t6^,
plants. E. repens, trailing arbutus of N. kidney], C,,H,jNO^. The active i)rinciple
America it has diuretic properties.
;
See of the suprarenal capsule.
Trailing Arbutus. Epineurium {ep-e-nu'reum) [f t/, u|Kin ;
Epiglottic {ep-e-glot' -ik) [tTr/, upon y^lw-n'f, ; vtvpov, a nerve]. The connective-lisbue
Relating to the epiglottis. sheath of a nerve trunk.
glottis].
Epiglottis {ep-e-glot'-is) [ett/, upon ylidxriq, ; Epipastic {ep- e- pas'- tik ) [f T<T(jfffff/f, to
glottis]. A
fibrocartilaginous structure that sprinkle]. I
laving (iualitiesofdu.sting-|>owder.
aids in preventing food and drink from pass- Epiphenomenon [epe-fenom'-en-oH) [«"-',
ing into the larynx.

on ; <p(iiv6uivov, excep-
phenomenon]. An
tional sequence or unusual complicatiou aris-
Epignathus [ep-ig'-na-t/ius) [/tt/, upon;
jvMjc, jaw]. A
monstrosity in which the ing in the course of a disease.
rudimentary organs of a twin are united to Epiphora (ep-if-or-a/i) [tn-<, uixin ; <îi>tii;
the superior maxillary bone. to bear]. A

persistent overllow of tears due
to excessive secretion or to im[>cded oultlow.
Epihyal Bone {ep-c-hi'-al) \}tri, ujxin ; hy-
oid\ The stylohyoid ligament when Epiphyseal, or Epiphysial iep e fi:'-eii/)
it is
ossified. [>'t/, upon; îMr,

to gii>w]. Relating to or
out of; pilus, a of tile nature of an epiphysis.
Epilation [ep-il-a'-shun) \e,
an
hair]. The extraction of hair. Epiphyseitis {epe fr.c i'-tis) [/Ti>i<(iJC.
for ir(i;, inflammation]. Inflanima
Epilating Forceps. Forceps plucking ei>i[)hysis ;
out hairs. of an epijjhysis.

tioii
to
Epilepsy [ep'-il-ep-sc) [iwilji-^nc, \a.y\ng hold
a. Epiphysis [ep ifîs is) [IttL, u|K)n ; îrttv,
A chronic nervous affection characlcri/.cii glow]. \ priH'esS of biini- ;iH;u'lud for K
of].
loss of consciousness with general lime to another bone by curtilage, but iii iiiukt
by sudden
EPIPHYSITIS ERASION
cases soon becoming consolidated with the in certain glands, as the liver, kidneys, etc.
bone. E. cerebri, the pineal gland.
jirincijial Epithelium is divided according to the shape
Epiphysitis [ej^-if-is-i^-tis). See Epiphyse- and arrangement of the cells into colunmar,
ilis. cuboidal, flat, pavement, squamous, stratified,
Epiphyte {ep'-e-fit) [fTr/, upon cfivTov,
;
a tessellated, and transitional epithelium; ac
plant]. A
vegetable parasite growing on the cording to function into protective and glandu-
exterior of the boily. lar or secreting. E., Ciliated, a form in which
Epipial (ytp-e-pc'-al) {k~i, upon; pia maler\ the cells bear vibratile filaments or cilia on
Upon the [lia mater. their free extremities.E., Transitional, that
Epiplocele (ep-ip' -lo-sel) [f7r/7r/loof,
caul ;
intermediate between simple and stratified.
nifki], hernia] . A hernia containing omentum. Epitrochlea {ep-e-trok'-le-dh) [f7r/, upon;
Epiploic {ep-ip-lo' -ik) \tn'm'koav, caul]. Re- Tpo;(aAia, a pulley]. The internal condyle
lating belonging to the omentum.
or E. of the humerus.
Appendages, small pouches of peritoneum Epizoon {^Lp't'-zo'-on) \jni, upon Cuov, an ;
tilled with fat, found on the colon. animal]. An animal parasite living upon the
Epiploon [ep-ip'-lo-on) [kiiLixAelv, to float exterior of the body.
upon]. The omentum. Epizootic {ep-e-zo-ot' -ik) [f tt/', upon ; C.uKn>,
Episcleral (ep-e-sklc'->'al) [f t/, upon ; aK7\.rf- animal]. An epidemic disease of the lower
pot;, hard]. Situated on the outside of the animals.
sclerotic coat. Epoophoron {^cp-o-off'-or-oii) [ftt/, upon ;
Episcleritis (ep-e-skle-ri'-tis) [f tt/', u])on ; Cmv, egg; (piptw, to bear]. The parovarium.
aKkrjpoq, hard; lti^, inflammation]. An in- Epsom Salt [ep' -sum). See Magnesitim.
flammation of the subconjunctival tissues, or Epulis {ep - ii' - lis) [i'Jr/, upon; ovka, the
of the sclera itself. gums]. A tumor of the alveolar processes
Episiorrhaphy [ep-is-e-or^-a-fe) \i-iaeiov, of the jaws. E., Malignant, a giant-cell
puljes /)rt0//, seam].
;
An operation for the sarcoma of the jaw.
repair of tears about the vulva. Equation (e-kiva' -zhiin) \jeqtiare, to make
Episiostenosis [ep-h-e-o-sten-o' -sis) [iiriaiMv, equal]. In chemistry, a collection of sym-
puljes; aTEvo^, narrow]. Contraction or bols so arranged as to indicate the read ion
narrowing of the vulva. that will take place if the bodies represented
Episiotomy [ep-is-e-ot'-o-mc) [frr/afnai', vulva; by the symbols be brought together. E.,
section].
ro/</;, Incision through the vulva in Personal, an allowance for individual pecu-
childbirth, to prevent rupture of the perineum liarity or error in an observer's work.
and to facilitate labor. Equator {e - kôa' - tor) \_(€(juart', to make
Epispadias [ep-e-spad'-e-as) [ini, above; equal]. An imaginary circle surrounding a
cTTrdfn', to condition in which the
pierce]. A sphere so as to divide it into equal halves.
urethra opens on the upper part of the penis, E. of a Cell, the boundary of the ]ilaiie
either on the dorsum or on the glans. through which division takes place. E. of
Epispastic [cp-c-spas' -tik) [£7ri,upon; CKaaiq, the Eye, the equator oculi a line joining ;
a drawing]. I. Blistering. 2. A substance the four extremities of the transverse and

]iroducing a blister. vertical axes of the eye.
Epistaxis [ep-is-taks'-is) \jiTiardii,Eiv, to cause Equilibrating Operation ((/(Ttv7^-?7'-;77-//;/;').
to drojj]. Hemorrhage from the nose. All operation on the ocular muscles to e(iual-
Episternal (ep-e-slur'-nal) \kni, upon ; orkp- ize their action in cases of squint.
vov, the sternum]. Above the sternum. Equilibration (e-kjvil-ib-ra' -shun) \_,vqitili-
Epithelial {ep-c-the' -Ic-al) [ett/, upon; W/////, brare, to balance equally]. The mainten-
a nipple]. Pertaining to or made up of e[)i- ance of e(juilibrium
theliuni. Equilibrium (c-
-
kwil- ib' -
re -
uiii) [ir</uus,
Epithelioid (êp-e-the^-le-oid) {tnl,upon; equal; libra, balance]. A state of balance.
OifAii, nipjile; diôq, likeness]. Resembling Equinia {e-kzvin' -e-ah) \equus, a horse].
epithelium. Glanders ; farcy.
Epithelioma {ep-e-the-le-o' -mah) [tTr/, upon ; Equivalence, Equivalency {e-kiviv^-al-ens,
Wz/A//, nipple tumor].
; Properly, any
o/tn, a.
e-quiv' -al-en-se) \_u-quus, equal ; valere. to be
tumor in which epithelium forms the promi- worth]. The property possessed by an ele-
nent element by usage the word is restricted
; ment or radicle of replacing another element
to carcinoma of the skin and mucous mem- or radicle in a compound body in definite
branes. proportions.
Epithelium [ep-c-thc'-le-u»i) \(tt'i, upon; Equivalent {e-kivii^'-al-ent) \izquits, equal ;
f^//A^, nipple] . A term apjilied to the group Tii/ere, to be worth]. Of equal valency ;
of cells that forms the epidermis, that lines all having the same valUiC.
canals having communication with the exter- Erasion [e- ra' -
zhun) [<•,
out ; raJere, to
nal air, and that are specialized for secretion scrape]. The act of scraping.
ERB'S PALSY ERYSIPELATCJUS
Erb's Palsy. A
paralysis involving the del- Erigeron {er-i/erou) [v/«> //«./!', groundsel].
toid, biceps, bracliialis anlicus, and supinator Ileabane. The /i.
plant eanaJense, liavinj;
longus ; often also the supinator brevis, and l)hysiologic acti(jns like those of oil of turpt-ii-
at times the iiifnispiuatus rarely the sub-
; tine, but lessirrilant. IlcontaiiiM.ilof erigeron,
It is traumatic in and is used as a litinostatic. E. bellidifolium
sca|)ularis. origin it
may ;
occur during birth. and E. philadelphicum aflord similar oils,

Erectile {e-rek'-til) \erigere, to set uj)]. Hav- and have the same properties. Erigeronlis,
ing the quality of becoming erect. E. Tis- Oleum. Dose n\,x-f;;ss (0.65-2.0). L nof.
sue, a tissue consisting of a network if ex- Eriodictyon (ere-o-dik'-te-on) [//"w, wwjI ;
pansile capiUaries that under stinmlus be- ^'iKTvw, a n( t]. Yerba Santa or mountain-
come engorged with blood and cause erection balm. The leaves of E. glutinosuni, a sliriili
of the part. of California, an expectorant, and an
cxtipienl
Erection {e-rek'-shuti) \_erigere, to set up]. for quinin, the taste of which it
largely con-
The state of being erect, as erection of the ceals. E., Ext., Fid. Dose
n\^xv-f3j (i.o-
penis or clitoris.
4.0) E., Ext. Dose gr. ij-x (0.13-0.65).
Erector [e-rek'-ior) [erigife, to erect]. A Erosion {e-ro^zhun) [êrodere, to eat out].
muscle that produces erection of a part. The eating away of tissue.
See Muscles, Table of. E. pili, the unstripcd Erotic {er-ot'-ik) \i{>uq, love]. Pertaining to
muscular fibers causing the erection of tlie the sexual passion.
hair and the phenomenon called goose-flesh Erotomania {er-ot-o-ma' -ne-ah) love
[*/><Jf, ;
or goose-skin. Morbid exaggeration of

[taviu, madness].
Eremacausis [er -e- 7!tak- luv'-sis) lyi)E/i(i, the atlections, usually toward the opposite
slowly navfju;, burning].
; .Slow oxidation sex.
or grad\ial decay, without combustion. Errhine {er'-in) [n', in ; /xi, the nose]. I.
Erethism, Erethismus {er'-e-thizm, er-e- Causing discharges from the nose. 2. A med-
tJiiz' -inus)
\i\nQicsn6^, irritation]. An abnor- icine that increases nasal secretions; a ster-
mal increase of nervous irritability. nutatory.
Erethismic or Erethistic [^crt'ihiz'-mik, Eructation {e-ruk-ta'-shuii) \eruetart, to
er-e-lhii'lik) [êiitHiG/iu(;, irritation]. Relating belch]. Belching.
to, or affected with, erethism. Eruption (e-rup'-shuii) [eru»ipere, to burst
Erg work].
\_Epyoi>, A
unit of work, reisresent- out]. A bursting forth, especially applied to
ing the work done in moving a body against the skin-lesions of the exanthematous dis-
the force of one dyne through a space of eases.
one centimeter. Eruptive {e-rup' -thr) \eruiupere, to burst out].
Ergot, or Ergota {iti'-got, or tir-go'-lali) Attended by an eruption, as an eruptive fever.
[Fr., ergot, a spur]. The sclerotium of the Erysipelas [er-is-ip'-el-as) [epiOpuq, red ;
Claviceps purpurea, a fungus growing on rye. •KfX/.a, skin]. An acute infectious disease,
It is a vasomotor stimulant and causes con- dueto the streptococcus erysipelatosus (which
traction of the involuntary muscles. It is used isprobably iilentical with the slrej)!" coccus
to control hemorrhage, and to cause uterine pyogenes), and characlerized by an intlanmia-
contraction it is also
; employed in cerebral tion of the skin antl subcutaneous tissues.
and spinal congestion, in diabetes insipidus, E., ambulans. .See E., Waudering. E.,
and in
night-sweats. Dose gr.x-_::^j (0.65- Facial, erysipelas of the face, the most com-
E., Ext., Fid. Do.se f;5ss-f5ss (2.0- mon form. After an initial chill the temper-
4.0).
16.0). E., Ext.,
—
Ergotin. Dose gr. ij-xx ature rises very high there may be vomiting
;
(o. 13-I.3), hyiiodermically gr. yi-v (0.016-

and delirium, and the disease may rapidly
Dose f^ j-ij '1 he
0.32). E., Infus. (B. I'.j. spread over a great part Kî the IkkIv.
(32.0-64.0). Injectio ergotinae hypoder- affected area is swollen, has a deep reil color,
mica (15. P.), ergotin I, camphor- water 2. an elevated margin, and itches. E., Idio-
Dose subcutaneously n\,iij-x (0.2-0.65). E., pathic, erysipelas occurring without any
Tinctura (B. P.). Dose n^x-fSJ (0.65- visible wonml. E. migrans. -See E.,
4.0). Wandering. E., Phlegmonous, a foim if

erysipelas in which pus formation.
there
Ergotin [ur'-go-tiii). See Ergot. is
Ergotinin {iir-got'-in-iti) \Yx., ergot, aspur], e'. Surgical or Traumatic, erysipelas

An alkaloid from ergot of rye. occurring in the site of a wound. E.,
Cj^^lI^jiN/)^.
a forn> in which the crysi|>ela-
Ergotism [ur'-got-izin) [Î'r., ergot, a spur^. Wandering,
The constitutional effects following the pro- tons process successively disappears fiom one
at
longed use of ergot, or of grain containing the part of the U)dy to appear .sub.-equently
fungus, clavicei)S purpurea. The symptonis anotlur part. ^
are of two types, eithej a spasmodic form Erysipelatous (er-is-if>fl'atHs) [//'i^/hJC.
( )f the nalun- of or af-
with contractions and cramps of the muscles, red; niXAa, skin].
or a form characterized by dry gangrene. fected with erysipelas.
ERYTHEMA ESOPHAGOTOMY
Erythema {er-itk-e^-inah)\_ii)vOaivEiv, to make Erythroxylin {er-ith-roks'-il-in) \ipvOp6q,
red]. A rednessof the skin occurring in red; ^//oi', wood]. Synonym of cocain.
jiatches of variable size and shape. E. an- Erythroxylon {er-ith-roks'-il-on) [t/wtf/^lf,
nulare, a form of E. multiforme, in wliich red ;
wood
gen. Erythroxyli\. Coca,
i,'vA(jv, :
,
the lesions shrink and desquamate at tlie cen- Cuca. The leaves of E. coca, a shrub in-
ter, but continue to extend at the periphery digenous to the Andes. It contains an al-
by a raised margin. E. intertrigo, intertrigo ; kaloid, cocain, Cj^lI^jNO^, to which its
a hyperemia of the skin occurring where the properties are mainly due. It is an aromatic
folds of the integument come in contact. The tonic and cerebral stimulant. E. coca
epidermis may be abraded. E. multiforme, (B. P.). Dose gr. ij-xv (0.13-1.0). Cocae,
an acute inflammatory skin-disease, character- Ext., Fid. Dose
tT\,xx-f3J (1.3-4.0J.
ized by reddish macules, papules, or tubercles, Extractum cocae liquid. (B. P.). Dose
usually appearing on the legs and forearms. nLx.\-f,:^j (1.3-4.0). See Coca.
It is often ushered in by gastric distress and Eschar i^cs'-kar) \taxnpn, a scab]. slough, A
rheumatic pains. E. nodosum, dermatitis especially that produced by the thermocautery.
conlusiformis, an inflammatory disease char- E., Neuropathic. bedsore. A
acterized Ijy the formation, especially on tlie Escharotic {es-kar-ot'-ik) \kax<i-P^Ti-K-('K\- I-
tibial surfaces, of rounded, elevated, erythe- Caustic producing a slough.
; 2. sub- A
matous nodules. E., Symptomatic, a hyper- stance that produces an eschar ; a caustic.
emia of the skin either dift'use or in nonele- Eserin [es'-er-in) [Êsere, native name of the
vated patches. It is either idiopathic, as plant or bean]. See Pkysostig/na.
when arising from the action of the sun, E. Esmarch's Bandage, or Apparatus. An
solare, or due to various poisons, E. ven- elastic rubber bandage used upon a limb to be
enatum, or it is symptomatic of systemic amputated, in order to drive the blood out of
disease or gastrointestinal disorder. it
by the pressure of progressive turns about
Erythematous {er-ith-eni'-at us) [êpvflaiveiv, the limb toward the trunk. E.'s Tubes,
to make red]. Uf the nature of erythema. tubes on the sides of which agar or gelatin has
Erythrea [er-ith-ree' -ah) [fpyWpof, red]. A been solidified in a thin layer, by rapid turn-
genus of plants of the Gentianacece. E. ing of the tube on ice or under ice-water.
ceutauriuiu, is the European centaury. Esodic (e-sod'-ik) [if, into ; o(W(,-, way].
Erythremelalgia [êr-ith-reni-el-al'-je-aK). Afi'erent.
See Erythromclalgia. Esophageal (e-sof-af -e-al) \o\ao<âyoq, eso-
Erythroblast [er-ith'-ro-hlast^ [fû'flpof , red ; phagus]. Pertaining or belonging to the
jSAaaToc, genij]. A rudimentary red blood- esophagus.
corpuscle. Esophagismus [e-sof-aj-iz'-nms) [o;fTo^«}()r,
Erythrocyte [er-ifh'-?-o-s'it) \ipv6p6(;, red; esophagus]. Spasmodic contraction of the
kvt6^, cell]. A red blood-corpuscle. esophagus.
Erythrodextrin {cr-ith-ro-deks' -trin) [Ifivd- Esophagitis {e-sof-aj-i'-iis) \o\(5Q<i)dyoc, eso-
p6r, red; c/tu/tr, right]. A
dextrin formed phagus ; LTiq,
intlammation]. Inflammation
by the action of saliva on starch. It yields a of the esophagus.
red color with iodin. Esophagocele {e-sof'-ag-o-sel) \o\an(.\iayoq ,
Erythrogranulose [er- ith -ro -gran' -u- Ids) esophagus; hernia]. An abnormal dis-
Kip\.r],
\kpvi)p(j(;, red; granulmn, a little grain].

A tention of a portion of the esophagus.
granular substance, found in starch-grains, Esophagomycosis (<?- sof- ag-o-mi-ko'- sis)
coloring red with iodin. \(naoâyoq, esophagus; fivKr/i;, a fungus].
Erythremelalgia {er-ith - ro - mel- al'-je-ah) Disease of the esophagus caused by fungi.
[fpi'(?pof red
, fiekoq, limb; o/)0f, pain]. An
; Esophagoscope {e-sof-ag' -o-skop) [o/mK/idyof,
affection of the distal parts of the extremi- esophagus; aiionfiv, to view]. An instru-
ties, particularly the feet, characterized by ment for examining the interior of the eso-
redness and neuralgic pain. The disease is ]ihagus by artificial light.
very obstinate its pathology is not well un-
; Esophagospasm (e-sof'-ag-o-spazni^). See
derstood. It may be a vasomotor neurosis, Esophagismus.
a neuritis of the peripheral nerves, or it may Esophagostenosis [e-sof- ag-o-sten-o' -sis)
be due to changes in the spinal cord. \jiiao(âyo<;, esophagus crhjuaiq, constric-
;
Erythrophlein {er-ith-rof'-le-in) \_epvRp6c, tion]. Constriction of the esophagus.

red; (p'AotOQ, hark'^. A poisonous alkaloid Esophagostomy (ê-sof-ag-os'-to-tne) \o\ao-
from Casca bark. (paôg,esophagus OToiia, mouth]. The for-
;
Erythrophleum {er-ith-rof -le-tim). Casca mation of an artificial opening in the esoph-

Bark. agus.
Erythropsia {er-ith-rop'-se-ah) \ip\{)p()r, red ; Esophagotomy [e-sof ag-ot' -o-tne) [oJrroi/iajor,
oi/vf, vision]. An abnormality of vision in esophagus; Topi], a. cutting]. Opening of
which all objects appear red ; red vision. the esophagus by an incision.
ESOPHAGUS ETHYLENE
Esophagus [e-so/'-ag-us) [ipfpeiv, olatuv, to Ethereal {e-the'-re-al) [«-///(r, the upper air].
carry fpayuv, to eat].
;
The gullet, a inus- I.
Pertaining to the ether. 2. Made of
culoniembianuus canal, about nine inches in ether, as E. tinctures. 3. Volatile.
length, extending from the pharynx to the Etherization a' s/itin) \iclher,
- -
{e liter iz -
stomach. etiier]. The administration of ether to ])ro-

Esophoria {es-o-fo'-re-ah) [taw, inward ;
duce anesthesia. This is effected by in-
(jyojieiv, to bear]. See Hctei-ophoria. halation of the vapor.
Esotropia [c-so-tro'-pc-ali) [tuw, inward ;
Etherize {e'
-
titer iz) {tcthcr, ether]. To
TfiiTTCLi', to turn]. Convergent strabismus. administer ether.
Essence («' tus) lêssi:/tt/ii, essence]. I. Ethidene {eth' -id-en) [a-tlter, ether], C,,H^.
That which gives to anything character or
its Kthylidene a bivalent radicle. E. Chlorid,
;
peculiar quality. 2. The

peculiar qualities or Dichlorid, a colorless fluid, tasting and
of a drug extracted and reduced to a small smelling like chloroform. It has been used
comjiass. 3. A
solution of an essential oil as a general anesthetic. See Anestltetic.
in alcohol. Ethmocephalus (ellt-mo-sef -al-us) [i/l'/'or,
Essential [cs-en'-s/ial) \_essL'it(ia, essence]. ethmoid; head].
/vfoa/;}, variety of sin- A
1. I'erlaining to the essence of a substance. gle autositic monsters in which there is a
2. Of diseases, occurring without a known rudimentary nose in the shape of a pro-
cause. E. Oils, the volatile oils, obtained boscis terminating anteriorly in two imperfect
from aromatic plants by distillation or fer- nostrils or in a single opening.
mentation. Ethmoid iêtli'-moid) [/}rt//(;f, a sieve; tkiof,
Esthesiometer [es-tke-zc-om' -e-te?-) [cuadtjaic:, likeness]. The sieve-like bone of the nose,
sensation ; /drpov, a measure]. An instru- perforated for the transmission of the olfac-
ment for measuring tactile sensibility. tory nerve it forms a
; part of the base of the
Esthiomene [es-the-oin'-en-e) [^saOio/ievr/, eat-
skull.
ing]. Lupus exedens. Ethmoid or Ethmoidal {eth'-moid, eth-moi'-

Estlander's Operation. An excision of dal) [//^//of sieve thôq, likeness].
,
Relat-
;
portions of one or more ribs for the relief of ing to the ethmoid bone.
Ethnology (ellt-ttol'-o-je') [ffli'of, a nation
em]iyema. ;
Etat Mamellone [et-ah-mah-mel-ott-a) [Fr.]. Aoyof, science]. The comparative study of

A condition of the stomach in chronic gas- the races of mankind.
tritis in which there is a projection of small Ethoxycaffein (etli-oks-e-kaf'-e-in'), C,oH,^-
elevations consisting of hyperplastic mucous NÔ.^. A remedy recommended in her|)es
membrane. zoster and migraine. Dose gr. iv (0.26).
Ethene {eth'-en'). Same as Ethylene. E. Unof.
Chlorid, C2H^CU. Dutch liquid. An anes- Ethyl {eth'-il) [aJfl///), ether ; i?,^, material].
thetic resembling chloroform, but less danger- The alcohol - radicle, Cyij. E. Alcohol,
ous. ordinary alcohol of the pharmaco|)eia. See
Ether the upper Alcohol. E. Bromid, CjllTir, Promethyl ;
{e'-ther) {cvther ; ai6r]p, air].
1. The subtle fluid filling space and pene- moncbromethane. A
rapid and transient an-
See Anesthetic. E. Bromid, Liq.,
trating all bodies, the medium of
transmis- esthetic.
sion of light, heat, electricity, and magnetism. I in200, used in angina pectoris. Dose
2. A compound formed hypothetically from f^^ss-ij (16.0-64.0).
Unof. E. Carbamate.
by the substitution oftwo alcohol-radi- Urelhane. E. Chlorid, QIl-.Cl, an anes-
HjO E.
cles for the H. 3. Diethylicoxid (C,ll5).,0, thetic resembling chloroform in action.
a thin, colorless, volatile, and highly inflam- lodid, CyijI, hydriodic ether, used to re-
mable liquid, known also as ethylic ether or lieve the dyspnea of bronchitic asthma and
is used in edematous Dose to be inhaled,
sulphuiic ether, as sulphuric acid laryngitis.
Its chief use is as an anes- TTLv (o 32), three or four
times daily. Unof.
its mar.ufacture.
thetic, it being less dangerous than chloroform.

E. Oxid. See Ether.
It is also employed as a cardiac stimulant in Ethylate {eth'-il-at). A compound of ethylic
sudden heart-failure, and as a carminative. alcohol in which the II of the hydroxyl is
Dose by the mouth Ti^xxx-f.^ss (2.0-16.0) replaced by a base.

See Somuol.
in ice-water. E., Acetic, has properties Ethyl-chloral-urethane.
[«!%), ether;
-
Dose TTLx-f^j il i'/;/,
like those of ethylic ether. Ethylene [etlt'- fn)
E. fortior, contains 94 per matter]. Olefiant gas, C.ÎI^. A colorless.
(0.65-4.0). burns with
poisonous gas. which
a bright,
cent, of ethylic oxid. Dosen\^x-f3J (0.65-
E., Hydriodic, unof. Dose for in- iuminous flame, and when mixed with air ex-
4.0).
It is one of the eonstiliients
halation ti\,xv (i.o). E., Hydrobromic, plodes violently.
unof. Dose r(\x-'7,] (0.65-4.0). Spiritus of illuminating gas. E. Bromid, a light,
aetheris compositus. See Hoffmann s Ano- brownish-colored li(iuid with the formula. C,-
It has been used in epilepsy. Dose
dyne, H^Brj.
18
ETHVLENE-IiMID EUTOCIA
n\^3/_2(0.05-0.13). Unof. E. Chlorid, Euonymin [i(-on'-im-in'). A precipitate from
E. Bichlorid. See Ethine Chlorid. E.- the tincture of wahoo it is tonic, laxative,
;
diamin, a non-poisonous base isomeric with and expectorant. Dose /^ to 3 grains (0.032-
ethylidene-diamin. 0.2). Unof.
Ethylene-imid [eth'- il-en-im'- id ), QH^N. Euonymus {ii-on' -im-iis) [ei'uri'/zof, having a
A nonpoisonous base found in cholera-cul- good name]. of E. atropur-
Wahoo, the bark
tures. ptircHS, a mild purgative and cholagogue.
Ethylidene {ft/i-il' -id-en). See Ethidene. E., Ext. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-0.32).
Ethylidene-diamin {eth-il' -id-en di'-a-min') Eupatorium ( u-pat-o' -re-itm ) \jv-a76piov,
C2H4,(NH2).^. A poisonous ptomain obtained agrimony]. I. Agenus of composite -flow-
from decomposing haddock. Injections into ered plants. The leaves and flowering-tops
mice and guinea-pigs produce hypersecretion of E. perfuliatiiin, thoroughwort, or boneset.
from mouth, nose, and eyes, mydriasis, exoph- It is a bitter tonic, diaphoretic, and feeble
thalmos, great dyspnea, and death. emetic. Dose of the powder gr. xx-xxx
Ethyl-phenyl-carbamate, Ethyl-phenyl- (1.3-2.0). E., Ext., Fid. Dose n\,x-f3J
urethane See Eupliorin. (0.65-4.0).
Etiologic [e-te-ol-of -ik) [«J7-/a,acause ; 'koyoq, Euphorbia {u-fo)-^-be-ah). A
genus of trees,
science]. Pertaining to etiology. shrubs, and herbs, yielding a milky juice.
Etiology cause
[e-te-ol'-o-je] \_mrUi, a '/m^ôq,
;
E. resinifera, of Africa, aifbrds euphurbium.
science]. The causation of disease. E. corollata, E. ipecacuanha, Ameri-
Eucalyptol (ti-kal-ip'-tol) \ti<, well Ka/Cviz-;
can species, have been employed in medicine
TEiv, to cover], C,gH,gO. A neutral principle on account of their emetic, diaphoretic, and
obtained from the volatile oil of Eucalyptus expectorant properties. E. pilulifera, of
globulus, and of some other species of Euca- S. America and Australia, is used in asthma
lyptus. It is used in bronchitis and malaria, and l)ronchitis. Dose of the extract gr. j
and also in ear-diseases and in urethritis, and (0.065); of the fluid extract f 3 ss-j (2.0-4.0);
externally in various liniments and- washes. of the tincture f,^ss-j (2.0-4.0)
Dose TTLv-x (0.32 0.65), in capsules, three Euphorbium [ti-for'-be-uin). An acrid gum-
times daily. resin obtained from Euphorbia resinifer'i.
Eucalyptus {u-kal-ip'-tus) [f y, well ; KalvTz- It is strongly purgative and vesicant, and is
re/p, to cover]. The leaves of £. globulus, now mainly emiiloyed in veterinary medicine.
native to Australia, but now cultivated in Euphoria [ti-for'-e-ah) [ei'ôpof, easily car-
California. It contains a volatile oil, from ried]. The sense of well-being health. ;
which eucalyptol is obtained. The properties Euphorin [ic^-for-in) [êhcpiipog, easily car-
largely depend on the volatile oil. Eucalyptus ried], C<,0.2H,j. Phenyl-urethan,a white crys-
has been used as an antiseptic, as a stimulant talline powder derived from anilin. It is re-
to mucous membranes, an antispasmodic
as commended and antipyretic
as an analgesic
in asthma, in migraine, and, with doubtful in neuralgia and rheumatism. Dose gr. v--
success, in malaria. E., Oleum, the vola- xxx (0.32-2.0) daily.
tile oil. Dose ITLv (0.32) in capsules or emul- Euplastic {u-plas'-tili) [fi', well; 7:7Maneiv,
sion. E., Unguentum (B. P.), contains 20 to form]. Capable of being transformed into
per cent, of E. 01. healthy tissue.
Euchlorhydria {ji-klor-hy' -dre-a", [ey, well ; Eupnea (iip-nt' -aJi) \jv, well ; nviuv, to
green ; t'rfwp, water].
;ifûpdf, The
presence breathe]. Normal or easy respiration.
of a normal amount of hydrochloric acid in Europhen {ii'-ro-fen). Diisobutylorthocre-
the gastric juice. sol iodid. An amorphous yellow powder re-
Eugenia {n-je'-ne-ah) [after Prince Eitgene, commended as a substitute for iodoform. It

of Savoy]. A genus of trees and sJhrubs, is used hypodermatically in doses of gr.
mostly tropical, among which are E. caryo- 14^— iss in syphilis.
phylata, which yields caryophyllus, and E. Eustachian {u-sta'-ke-an) \Êustachio, an
pimenta, which produces pimenta. Italian anatomist]. E. Catheter, a catheter
Eugenic Acid [u-jen'-ik). Siee Eiigenol. for introduction into the Eustachian tube it is ;
Eugenol (n'-Jen-ol) [See Eugenia'\. C,(,- introduced along the floor of the nose. E.
HjjO.,. Eugenic Acid; a phenol-like com- Tube, the osseocartilaginous canal exten i-
pound that occurs in clove-oil and in allspice, ing from the tympanum to the pharynx. E.
and is convertible into vanillin. It is used as Valve, a prolongation of the lining mem-
an antiseptic, and as a local anesthetic in den- brane of the inferior vena cava into the right
tistry. Dose gr. xv (l.o) well diluted. Unof. auricle of the fetal henrt.
Eunuch [u'-niek) [fi'n'ofvtT, guardian of the Euthanasia [ji-than-a'-ze-ah) \ev, well;
couch]. A
male whose genital organs have âi'arof, death]. An
easy or calm death.
been removed or mutilated so as to render Eutocia {u-fo'-ke-ak) [eh, well: roxof, child
him impotent. birth]. Natural or easy childbirth.
EVACUANT EXANTHEMA
Evacuant (e
-
vak' -
u -
anf ) \ei'aniare, to of the abdominal or thoracic viscera of the
empty]. i.
Emptying. 2. A medicine fetus to facilitate delivery.
that causes emptying of an organ, es-
the Evolution [evo-lu'-s/titn) \niolvere, to un-
pecially the bowels a purgative.;
roll]. The process of unfolding or develop-
Evacuation (e-vak-u-a' -shuti) \_evacnare, to ing from a simple to a complex, specialized,
empty]. The act of emptying, especially
I.
perfect form. E., Spontaneous, a .series
of the bowels. 2. That which is evacuated. of changes whereby a
.shoulder-presentation
Evacuator [e - vak'- u- a- tor) \cvaaiare to ,
is transformed within the
pelvis into a com-
empty]. An
agent to produce emptying, bined breech-and-shoulder-presentation and
especially an instrument for removing from delivery effected without artificial aid.
the bladder fragments of stone after lillio- Evulsion {e-viil' -skim) \Li;ellere, to pluck
lajia.xy. out]. The forcible tearing or plucking away
Evaporation {e -ztap-or a'- shmi) [^ priv.
-
-.
of a part.
vdpor, vapor]. The conversion of a liquid Exacerbation {eks-as-er-ba'-s/um) \_exacer-
into vapor. bare, to be violent]. An increase in the
Eventration [r-ven-tra' -shioi) [^, out of; symptoms of a disease.
venter, the belly]. Protrusion of the abdom- Exalgin (^/('.f-r?/'-//;/) [ff out
, ; d/>of, pain],
inal viscera through the abdominal walls. a benzene de-
CgHjjNO. Methylacetanilid ;
Eversion [e-ver' -shun) \_cversii\ a turning rivative allied to phenacetin. It is an anal-
out]. A turning outward. gesic and antipyretic in doses of from one-

Evisceration [e-vis-er-a'-skun) [^, out vis- ;
half to four grains (0.032-0.26). Unof.
cera, the bowels]. The removal of the vis- Exanthema, or Exanthem {eks-an'-t/ie/ii-ak,
cera. E. of the Eye, removal of the entire eks aii'-lhein) [f^di'th^/ia, eruption]. I. An
contents of the globe of the eye, leaving the eruption upon the skin. 2. Any exanthema-
sclerotic intact. E., Obstetric, the removal tous or eruptive fever.
EXANTHEMATOUS EXCRETIN
TABLE OF EX A-NTHEM AT A.— Coftfimied.
Id
S
<
EXCRETION EXTENSION
Excretion {cks-kre^-skttn) \_exceniere, to ex- ment, watching the progress of a disease,
crete]. The discliarge of waste-products. and not interfering unless warranted by
special
Excretory {ei^s'-kir-to-rc) [cxccmcre, to ex- symptoms.
crete]. Pertaining to excretion. Expectation of Life. The average number of
Excursion [t-i's-kur'-s/iiiii) [^-.r,
out of ;
cur- years that persons of a given age live.
rere, to run]. A wandering from the usual Expectorant [cks-pck'-to-rant) \ex, out ;/<'i--
course. I.
//«, breast]. Promoting expectoration. 2.
Exencephalus {eks-en-scf'-al-us) [tf out , ;
A remedy that promotes or modifies expecto-
kvKfiâ'koq,brain]. A
species of monsters ration.
cliaracterized Ijy a malformed brain, situated
Expectoration {eks-pek-tor-a'-shun) [ex, out ;
without the cranial cavity. I. The
pectus, breast]. ejection from the
Exenteration [eks-en-tL-r-a'-shun") [tf, out ; mouth of material brought into it from the
tr7Cf)(>v,intestine]. Removal of the intes- air-passages. 2. The fluid or semi-fluid mat-
tines of the fetus, to allow tersfrom the lungs and air-passages expelled
delivery.
Exfoliation {t-/:s-/o le-a'-shitn) \êxfoUare, to by coughing and spitting. E., Prune-juice,
shed leaves]. The separation of bone or a sputum containing altered blood
expectorated
other tissue in thin layers. in gangrene and cancer of the
lung, and in
Exhalation {ex-hal-a'-shun') \_exhahre, to grave pneumonias in the aged. E., Rusty.
breathe out]. The giving off of matters in See Sputum.
the form of vapor.
Expiration {eks-pi-ra'-shun) {êxpirare, to
Exhaustion {eg-zaivst' -yuti) \exhaiirire, to breathe out]. The act of breathing forth, or
pour out]. Loss of vital and nervous power expelling air from the lungs.
from fatigue or protracted disease. Expiratory {eks- pi' -ra-to-re) \expirare, to
Exhibit \ck-zib'-it) {fxhiber,-, to give]. To breathe out]. Relating to expiration.
administer, as a medicine. Exploration (eks-plo-ra'-sliuu) \^cxplora)-e, to
Exhumation (ex-hu-ma' -shun) \ex, out of; search out]. The act of exploring; investi-
humus, the ground]. The removal of a gation of a part hidden from sight by means
corpse from the ground. of touch, by artificial light, etc.
Exocardiac, or Exocardial {cks-o-kar'-de-ak, Exploratory {cks-plor' -at-or-e) \_expIorare, to
or cks-o-kar'-dt-al) [f^w, out Kap^la, heart]. search out]. E.
;
Pertaining to exploration.
Originating or situated outside of the heart. Puncture, the puncture of a cavity or tumor
Exodic [eks-od'-ik] [e^cj, out ; oddf, away]. and extraction therefrom of some of the con-
Transmitting; efferent. tents to learn their nature.
Exogenetic (eks-o-jcn-et'-ik) [ffw, outward ; Exploring Needle. A
needle with a grooved
ytvvav, to produce]. Due to an external side to allow the passage of fluid along it
cause not arising within the organism.
; after it is
plunged into a part where fluid is
Exogenous [eks oj'-f}i-us) [t'^w, out yevviiv, ; suspected.
to produce]. Growing by accretions to the Expression {eks-presh'-wi) \_expressus ; ex-
outer surface. primere, to press out]. A ]>ressing out. E.
Exomphalos [eks-om' -fal-os) [?;, out ; hji- of Fetus or Placenta, assisting the expul-
(pa/MC, navel]. Undue prominence of the sion of fetus or placenta by pressure upon the
navel ; also, umbilical hernia. uterus through the abdominal walls.
Exophoria {eks-o-fo'-re-ah). See Hetero- Expulsive (eks-pul'-siv) \expellere, to drive
phoria. out]. Forcing out.
Exophthalmic [eks-off-thal' -viik) [ti', ;
out Exsanguination {ek-saiig f^.oin-a'-shun) [^.r,
u(f)tia?u6r, eye]. Pertaining to exophthalmos. out sanguis, blood]
;
. The act of making
E. Goiter. See Goiter. bloodless.
Exophthalmos, Exophthalmus {eks-off"- Exsection {ek-sek'-shun) \_('x, out of; sccare,
thal' -mos, -inus) out i(pHaAii6(;,
[t\f , ;
eye]. to cut]. The act of cutting a pari out from
Abnormal prominence of the eyeballs. its surroundings.
Exoskeleton {i-ks-o-skcl'-et-un) [fc(.), outside ;
Exsiccation [cksikd'-shun) [<r.r, out; siccus,
CT/if/rriii', a dried body]. The rigid outer dry]. The act of drying; esi>ecially the de-
envelop of many of the lower forms of life priving of a crystalline substance of its water
for the protection and attachment of organs. of crystallization.
Exosmosis [eks-os-mo'-sis)out ; tjirîd^,
[ef , Exstrophy of the Bladder [ck' -sfro/c) [if,
thrust]. Outward osmosis. See Osmosis. out of; crrpiiprir, to turn]. A congenital
Exostosis [c-ks-os-/o^-sis) [ef , out dartov, ;
condition in which the lower part of tiie ab-
bone] A bony outgrowth from the surface
. dominal wall, the anterior wall of the bl.ad-
of a bone. der, and usually the symphysis pul>is are
Exotropia {eks-o-tro^ -pe-ah). See Strabismus. wanting, and the posterior wall of the bl.id-
Expectant [ekspek'-tanf) \_cxpcctart\ to look der is
]iresseil through the opening.
out for]. Awaiting or expecting. E. Treat- Extension [eks ten' - shun) \extcndfre, to
EXTENSOR EYE
stretch out]. A straightening out, especially Extravasation {eks-trav-as-a' -shun) [extra,
the muscular movement by which a flexed outside vas, a vessel].
; I. The
passing of
limb made straight. Counterextension,
is fluid outside of the cavity or space normally
traction made on a part in a direction oppo- containing it. 2. The fluid that has passed
site to that in which traction is made by an- out.
other force. Extravascular {eks-trah-vas' -ku-lar) [extra,
Extensor [eks-ten^ -sor) [t'.r/t'w^/c'^Y,
to extend]. outside; vas, a vessel]. Outside of the
That which stretches out or extends, as E. vessels.
muscles. See Alusdes, Table of. Extrinsic (eks - trin'- sik) [extrinsicus, from
External [ex-tur'-nal) \externns, outward]. without]. External ;
not directly belonging
On the exterior, or on the side removed from to a part. E. Muscles, those situated on
the center or middle line of the body. the exterior of an organ.
Extirpation {eks-ter-pa'-shmi) \extirpare, to Extroversion [eks-tro-i'er^-shun). See Ex-
root out]. Complete removal of a part. strophy.
Extra- (eks'-trah-) [L.]. A prefix meaning Exudate [eks'-u-dat) \exudare, to sweat].
outside, without. E. Current, the induced The material that has passed through the
electric current. walls of vessels into the adjacent tissues.
Extraarticular {eks-ti-ali-ar-tik' -u-lar'). Out- Exudation {eks - ti - da' shun) [exudare, to -
side of the proper structures of a joint. sweat] The passing out of serum or pus
.
;
Extracapsular {cks-trah-cap' -sii-lar). Out- the material that has passed out.
side of the capsular ligament of a joint. Exudative [eks'-ii-da-tiv) [exudare, to ex-
Extract, Extractum [ex'-irakt, -trakt'-um) ude]. Of the nature of or characterized by
\_ext7-ahere, to extract]. In pharmacy, a exudation.
solid or semi-solid preparation, made by ex- Eye [AS. The organ of vision.
(/) ,
rfli,''?].
tracting the soluble principles of a drug with It occupies the anterior part of the orbit,
water or alcohol and evaporating the solu- is nearly
spheric in outline, and is composed
tion. E., Alcoholic, that in which alcohol of three concentric coats the sclerotic and :
is the solvent. E., Aqueous, that prepared cornea, the choroid and iris, and the retina.
by using water as the solvent. E. ferri The sclerotic is an opaque, dense, white,
pomatum, N. F.; this is made from iron, fibrous membrane, into the anterior part of
in the form of fine, bright wire, i part ripe ;
which the transparent cornea is fitted. The
sour apples 50 parts water a sufficient quan-
;
choroid the vascular tissue, and is con-
is
tity. E., Fluid, a solution of the solid prin- tinuous with the iris in front. The latter
ciples of a vegetaljle drug, of such strength is a circular membrane with a central
per-
that I gram of the drug is fully represented foration, the pupil. Within the choroid is
by one cubic centimeter of the fluid extract. the retina, a delicate transparent membrane
Extraction [ex-trak'-shmi) \_extrailio ; ex, containing the terminations of the optic
out; trakere, to draw], i. Tiie act of draw- nerve. The greater part of the eyeball is
ing out. 2. The process of making an ex- filled with a mucoid substance, the vitreous
tract. E. of Cataract, removal of a cata- humor, against the anterior surface of which
ractous lens by surgical operation. rests the crystalline lens. The space be-
Extractive iêks-trak' -tiv) \_ex, out trahere, ; tween the lens and the cornea is divided
to draw]. Any organic substance that may be by the iris into two compartments, com-
extracted in small amount from animal tissues. municating through the pupillary opening,
Extractor [eks-trak^ -tor) \_ex, out ; trahere, to the anterior and posterior chambers, which
draw]. An instrument for extracting bullets, contain the aqueous humor. Anteriorly the
sequestra?, etc. eye is covered by conjunctiva, posteriorly by
Extradural {eks-trah-du' -ral') [extra, out- a fibrous capsule (capsule of Tenon). The
side; dicrits, hard]. Situated outside of the eyeball is moved by a series of muscles at-
dura mater. tached on the outer surface. Changes in the
Extramedullary {eks-trah-me-dul' -ar-e) \êx- curvature of the lens are brought about by
tra, without medulla, marrow. ] Situated or
; the ciliary muscle, while the size of the pupil
occurring outside of the medulla. is modified by the action of dilator and con-
Extraneous {eks-tra' -tic-tis) [extraneus, ex- strictor fibers in the iris. E., Diagram-
ternal]. Existing or belonging outside the matic, of Listing, a scheme for simplifying
organism. optic problems by representing the two nodal
'E.TuX.ra.'ôXax {êks-trah-po' -lar)\_exlra , without ; points and the two principal points of the eye
polus, a pole]. Not lying in the space be- by a mean nodal point and a mean princip.al
tween the electrodes of a battery. point. E.-brow, the hair-covered skin on
Extrauterine [cks-tra/i-yu'-ter-ln) \_extra, out- the upper margin of the orbit. E. -lashes,
side uterus'^.
; Outside of the uterus. E. the hairs of the eyelid. E.-lid, the pro-
Pregnancy. See Pregnancy. tective covering of the eyeball, composed of
EYE EYE
Optic nerve. 2.2. Middle portion ol
sclerotic. 3. Posterior portion. 4.
External of optic nerve. 5. Inter-
nal tunic. 6. Sclerotic beneath in-
sertion of superior rectus. 7. Scle-
rotic inadvanceof insertion of supe-
rior rectus. 8, S. Superior and in-
ferior recti. 9. Cornea. 10. Its
central porlioti. n. Posterior elas-
tic lamina. 12. Junction of cornea
and sclerotic superiorly. 13. Infe-
rior junction. 14, 14. Canal of
Sclilemm. 15. Choroid. 16. Chor-
oidal zone and ciliary processes.
17. Ciliary muscle. 18. Ciliary
body. iq. Retina. 20. Origin of
retina. 21. Its anterior limit. 22.
Central artery of retina. 23.
Branches of central artery. 24.
Hyaloid membrane. 25. Zone of
Zinn. 26. Posterior wall of canal
of Petit, formed by h\aloi(l mem-
brane. 27. Anterior wall of same
canal, formed by the zone of Zinn.
28. Crystalline lens. 29. Iris. 30.
Vertical Section of Eye m its Anteroposterior
"
Axis.— (GouM and Pupil. 31. Posterior chamber. 32.
Pyle, Bye."} Anterior chamber.
Muscles of the Eye. Tendon, or Ligament, of Zinn.

I. Tendon of Zinn. External rectus divided. 3. Internal rectus. 4. Inferior rectus. 5. Superior
2.
rectus. 6. Superior oblique. 7. Pulley for superior oblique. 8. Inferior oblique. 9. Levator palpe
brae superioris. 10,10. Its anterior expansion. 11. Optic nerve.
Optic nerve. 2. Central arterv of the retina. 3. Short, posterior, and ex-
ternal ciliary arteries. 4. Short, posterior, and internal ciliary arteries.
5, S, 6, 6, 6. External and internal posterior ciliary
arteries. 7. Posleiior
long ciliary artery and Ions' ciliary nerve. S. Ariery and nerve of llp^>o
site side. 9, 10. Superior and external choroid veins. 11, 12. Infeijor
choroid veins. 13. Attachment of inferior oblique muscle. 14- Tendon
of superior oblique.
Posterior Hemisphere of
the (;lohe of the K\e.
— {Gould and Pyle.)
EYE EYE
18?3t
Relations of the Eye and the Lacrimal Excretory Apparatus. — [Holden.)

I, I. Canaliculi. 2,2. Puncta lacrimalia. 3,3. Inner extremity of tarsal cartilage. 4,4. Free borders of
lids. 5. Lacrimal sac. 6. Attachment to maxillary bone of superior tendon. 7. Bifurcation of lacri-
mal sac. 8, 8. Two branches.
The Lacrimal and Meibomian Glands and Adjacent Organs of the Eye.
I. Inner wall of orbit. 2, Inner portion of orbicularis palpebrarum. 3, 3. Attachment to circum
2.
ference of base of orbit. 4. Orifice for transmission of nasal arterv. 5. Muscle of Horner (tensor
tarsi). 6,6. Meibomian glands. 7,7. Orbital portion of lacrimal gland. 8,9,10. Palpebral portion.
II, II, Mouths of excretory ducts. 12, 13. Lacrimal puncta. i
I
EYE EYE
ÂA
optic nci-ve. 2, 2, 2, 2. Sclerotic,

uiviik-d into four equal [larts and
turned back. 3, 3. I'lRmciitary
Kranulalion of its inner layer. 4.
Section of lamina fusca. 5,5.5,5.
Cornea, divided into four eijual
parts. 6, 6. Canal of Schlemni. 7.
Outer surface of choroid. 8. Suiie-
rior and internal trunk of vasa vor-
ticosa. 9, 9. Irregular border liniil-
the choroid zone posteriorly.
itiff
10, 10.Anterior half of this zone;
ciliary muscle. 11. n. Ciliary
nerves. 12. Lonsr ciliary artery.
13, '3, 13, 13- Atiterior ciliary arte-
ries. 14. Iris. 15. Small arterial
circle of iris. 16. Pupillary orifice.
Iris and Choroid.— {Gould and /yie," Bye.")
I, I. Crystalline lens. 2. Hya-

loid membrane. 3, 3. Zone
of Zinn. 4. I ri s. 5, 5.
Radiating portion of ciliary
muscle. 6. Section of cir-
cular portion. 7. \'enous
plexus of a ciliary process.
8. Sclerotic. 9.' Middle
layer of cornea. 10. An-
terior hyaline layer of
cornea. 11. Kpithelial cov-
ering' of this layer. 12.
Posterior hyaline layer of
the cornea, or membrane
of Desccmet. 13. Fibers
in which this layer ler-
niinales, or ligamentinn
pectinatum. 14. Kpithellnl
covering of posterior h\a-
line layer. 15. Junction of
sclerotic and cornea. 16.
Section of canal of
Schlemm.
The Ciliary Musc\e.—(Got4/d and Py/<r,"£ye.")

EYE
Vertical Section Through the Upper

—
Eyelid. (GoiiUi and Pyle, "Eye.")
I.Cutis. I. Epidermis. 2. Corium. /?
3. Subcutaneous coiniective tissue. C,
7. Orbicularis muscle. D. Loose sub-
muscular connective tissue. E. Inser-
tion of H. Miiller's nniscle. E. Tarsus.
G. Conjunctiva. J. Imier; K. Outer
edge of the lid. 4. rignient cells. 5.
Sweat-glands. 6. Hair follicles. 8,23.
Sections of ner\er. 9. Arteries, lo.
Veins. 11. Cilia. 12. Modified sweat-
glands. 13, 13, 13. Circular muscle of
Riolan. 14. Meibomian gland. 15, 15.
Section of an acinus of the same. 16.
Posterior tarsal glands. iS, 19. Tissue
of the tarsus. 20. Pretarsal or submus-
cular connective tissue. 21, 22. Conjunc-
tiva, with its epithelium. 24. Fat. 25.
Loosely woven posterior end of the
tarsus. 26. Section of a palpebral
artery.
—
Section of Ciliary Body and Iris. (Gould and Pyle," Evf")
1,1. Ciliary processes. 2, 2. Their base or rounded extremity.
3, 3. Their apex. 4. A process with bifurcated extremity.
5, 5. Reticulated folds, or ciliary processes of the second
order. 6, 6. Venules that emanate from these. 7, 7. Ora
serrata of choroid. S. S. Veins of choroid. 9, 9. Section
of iris. 10, 10. Circumference of iris. 11, 11. Small ring
of iris. 12, 12. Large ring of iris.
FARADISM
skin, glands, connective and muscular tissue, distances needed in the calculations are
rep-
the tarsus and conjunctiva, with the cilia at resented by whole numbers. E. -specu-
the free edge. E. -piece. Synonym of Ocu- lum, an instrument for retracting the eye-
hir. E., Reduced, of Bonders, a represen- lids. E. -teeth, the canine teeth of the upper
tation of the eye in such a way that all the jaw.
F. I. Abbreviation of Fahrenheit. 2. Sym- Falciform (faF -si-form) [falx, a sickle;

bol for iluorin. formn, form]. Having the shape of a sickle.
Ft. Abbreviation of fiat or Jiant, let there F. Ligament. See Li<ratiunt. F. Pro-
be made. cess, a process of the dura mater that sepa-
Face 'yfds) \_facies, the face]. A nameap- rates the hemispheres of the brain the falx. ;
plied to the lower and anterior part of the Falling {fawl'-ing) {\^., fea/hui, to fall].
head, including the eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, IJrojjping down. F. -sickness, epile[)sy.
lips, etc. F. of 'Womb, a descent of the uterus into
Facet {fas'-ct) [¥r.,facetie, a little face]. A the vagina.
small plane surface, especially on a bone or Fallopian (fa/o^fe-an) \_Fallopio, an Ital-
a hard body, like a calculus. ian anatomist]. Described by P'allopio or
Facial fa'-shal) \_facies, the face]. Per-
{
Fallopius. F. Tubes. See Oviducts.
taining to the face. F. Angle, an angle Fallopius, Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct.
measured in ways by different au-
different F., Hiatus of, an opening in the petrous jior-
thorities. That of Virchow and Holder is tion of the temporal bone, for the tranmission
formed by the union of a line joining the of the petrosal branch of the Vidian nerve.
frontonasal suture and the most prominent False {ftiwh) [yr?A/M, deceptive]. Not gen-
point of the lower edge of the superior uine not real
; imitating.
;
F. Aneurysm.
alveolar process, and a line joining the superior See Anetitysm. F. Ankylosis, ankylosis
border of the external auditory meatus and due to rigidity of the soft tissues. F.
the lower portion of the orbit. That of Image, in diplopia, the image of the de-
Camper is formed by the union of Camper's viating eye. F. Membrane, a tibrinous ex-
line (a line touching the most prominent udate upon a surface. F. Pains, pains that
points of the upper and lower face) and a precede true labor-pains. F. Passage, a
line joining the acantion and the auricular passage fomied by the laceration of any
point. canal. F. Pelvis, the portion of the pelvic
Facies {fa'-she-ez) [L. , face]. The appear- cavitv situated above the linea ilcope("tinea.
ance of the face. F. hippocratica, an ap- F. Ribs. See Ribs.
pearance of the face indicative of the rapid Falx {falks) [I,.]. A
sickle; a sickle-
approach of dissolution the nose is pinched,
:
shaped structure. F. cerebelli, a sickle-like
the temples hollow, the eyes sunken, the ears process of dura mater between the lobes of
leaden and cold, the lips relaxed, the skin the cerebellum. F. cerebri, the process of
livid. F. leontina. See Leontiasis. the dura, separating the hemispheres of the
Factitious {fak-tisV-us) [/rt<r^/-c,
to make]. cerebrum.
Artificial. Famine Fever. Same as Relapsim^ Fn'tr.
Facultative {fnk' -nl-ta-th) [/^c/c/Aw, capa- Fang [AS., y^/;/^'-;/;/, to seize]. The root of
Voluntary; optional. F. aerobia. a tooth.

bility].
See Aerobic. F. anaerobia. See Anaerohia. Farad {far' -ad) [after Michael Faraday, n,
F. Manifest Hyperopia, that part of the physicist]. The unit of electric caiiacity a ;
manifest hyperopia that can be concealed by capacity sufficient to hold one coulomb of
the accommodation. F. Parasite, an or- current having a potential of one volt.
ganism while usually parasitic, can also
tiiat Faradaic, Faradic { f'ar-a,/a'-ik, farad'-ik)
live outside of its host. I'crtaining to induced elcciri': currents. F.

Faecal, Faeces ^fc'-kal, fc'-sSz). See Fecal, Current, the induceil electric current.
feces.
Faradism { far'-adizm) [after Michael F,ira-
Faenumgraecum. .See Fritiii^reek. day, a physicist]. I. Ihe electricity pro-
Fahrenheit's Thermometer. See 7Vier- duced in an induced or faratlic current. 2.
mometer. laradi/.ation.
FARADIZATION FECULA
Faradization { far-ad- iz-a'-skit?i). The ap- Fat [ME., /;?/, fat]. A greasy substance, a
plication of the induced current to a part. compound of oleic, palraitic; or stearic acid
Farcy {far'-se) \^farcire, to stuff]. The form with glycerol. F.-cell, a connective-tissue
of glanders that attacks the skin and lym- cell containing oil -globules. F. -necrosis, a
phatic glands. peculiar form of necrosis of a fatty tissue
Farfara {far' -far- ah). See Coltsfoot. occurring in pin-point sized areas of a dead-
Farina {far-e'-nah) \_farina, meal]. The white color.
ground or powdered starchy part of seeds, Fatigue (ycj'-/,?_^'') [yrt/?"^^, weariness]. Weari-
especially that of corn, barley, rye, and wheat. ness. F. Fever, fever following excessive
Farinaceous {fa>' - in- a' - se - us) \_ farina, exertions, and supposed to be caused by the
meal]. Having the nature of or yielding absorption of waste-products.
flour. Fatty [ME.,
{fat'-e) fat, fat]. Containing
Far Point. The most distant point at which fat, or derived from fat. F. Acids, a series
an eye can see distinctly when accommo- of acids with the formula CnH2„_jO(OH)
dation is completely rela.\ed. some of the members of which combine with
Far-sightedness. Ilypermetropia. glycerol to form fats. F. Degeneration.
Fascia ( fa' -she-ah) \ffascia, a band]. The See Deiêneration.
areolar tissue forming layers beneath the skin Fauces [faw'-sez) [L. ,
the upper part of the
(superficial F.), or between muscles (deep throat.] The space surrounded by the palate,
F.'). F., Anal. See F., Ischiorectal. F., tonsils, and uvula. F., Isthmus of, the
Cervical, Deep, that which invests the mus- space at the back of the mouth enclosed by
neck and encloses the vessels and
cles of the the margin of the palate, the back of the
nerves. F., Colles', the deep layer of the su- tongue and the pillars of the fauces. F., Pil-
perficial fascia of the perineum. F., Cremas- lars of, the folds formed by the palatoglossus
teric, a thin covering of the spermatic cord, muscle in front of the tonsils and by the
formed by the stretched fibers of the creraas- palatopharyngeus behind them.
ter muscle. F., Cribriform, the sieve-like Faucial [fno'-se-al) \^ fauces,
the upper part
covering of the saphenous opening. F. den- of the throat]. Pertaining to the fauces.
tata, a serrated band of gray matter of the Favus [fa' -v/es) [L.,a honeycomb]. Tinea
hippocampal gyrus of the cerebrum. F., favosa ;
a parasitic skin-disease due to the
Infundibuliform, the process of the transver- presence of a vegetable parasite, the Achorion
salis fascia extended over the spermatic cord. schonleinii. It is characterized by the pres
F., Intercolumnar, a fascia attached to the ence of round, sulphur-yellow, cup-sha|ied

margins of the external abdominal ring and crusts,having a peculiar musty odor, and which
forming a sheath for the cord and testis. F., are found on microscopic examination to he
Ischiorectal, covers the perineal aspect of composed almost entirely of the elements of
the levator ani muscle. F. lata, the dense the fungus. The disease affects most fre-
fascia surrounding the muscles of the thigh. quently the scalp, but may occur anywhere.
F., Transversalis, that lying between the F.-cup, any one of the cup-shaped crusts that
transversalis muscle and the peritoneum. characterize favus.
Fascial [fa'-she-al) \_fascialis, of a fascia]. Febricula {fe-hrik' -u-lah) \_febris, fever]. A
Pertaining to or of the nature of a fascia. slight fever of short duration, most frequently
Fasciculus [fas-ik'u-lus) [dim. oi fascis, a encountered among children.
bundle]. A little bundle, particularly of Febrifuge {feb'-rif-uj) \_febris, fever; fu-
muscle-fibers. F., Cuneate, the continuation ga?-e, to dispel]. I.
Dispelling fever. 2. An
of Burdach's column, or the posteromedian agent that lessens fever.
column of the spinal cord. F., Gracile, Febrile [feb'-ril) \_febrilis : febris, a fever].
the posterior pyramid of the medulla. F., Pertaining to or characterized by fever.

Olivary. See Fillet, Olivary. F., Postero- Febris [feb'-ris) [L.]. Ste. Fever.
longitudinal, fibers connecting the corpora Fecal ( fe'-kal) \_fex, sediment]. Pertaining
quadrigemina and the nuclei of the fourth to, consisting of, or discharging, feces.
and sixth nerves with the parts below. F., Feces (fe'-sez) [y^ff.r, sediment]. The excre-
Solitary, fibers connecting the internal cap- tions of the bowels. Feces consists of excre-
sule and the lenticular nucleus with parts be- tions and secretions from the intestines and
low. F. subcallosus (of Muratoff), a tract of undigested food, the latter being made up
of long association-fibers lying under the of digestible substances that escaped diges-
corpus callosum, and connecting the frontal, tion and of undigestible matters, such as nu-
parietal, and occipital lobes. F., Uncinate, clein, cellulose, chlorophyl, and mineral salts.
fibers connecting the frontal and the temporo- Fechner's Law. See La7a.
sphenoidal lobes. Fecula {f-k' -u-lah) [dim. oi fex, sediment].
Yastigium fas-tij' -e-iiin)
{ [L., summit]. The The starchy part of a seed. Also the sedi
acme of a disease. ment subsiding from an infusion.
FECUNDATION FERMENTATION
Fecundation ffk-un-da' -shun)\_ fecundatio ;
{ Fenugreek [fen'-ii-grek). The Trigonella
fecuiidits, fruitful]. The act of ftrtiliziiig. fiLnuingracum, a leguminous plant cultivated
F., Artificial, fecundation brought about by in 1' ranee and Germany, the seeds of whicli
the injection of semen into the vagina or contain two alkaloids, cholin and trigonciJin.
uterus thrcnigh a syringe or other instrument. The seeds are em|)loyed for the
preparation
Fecundity {fi-~kun' -dit-e) \^fecunditas, fruitof emollient poultices, enemata, ointments,
fuhiess]. Tlie abihty to produce
offspring. and |)lasters. They are not used internally.
Fehling's Solution. A solution used as a Ferment {fer'-ment) \^fernientiiiH, Icav^,
test forglucose, especially in the urine. The yeast]. substance which in contact with
Any
solution is prepared as follows: (a) Copper another substance is capable of setting up
sulphate, 34.652 grams, is dissolved in changes (fermentation) in the latter, without
about 200 c.c. of water. (^) Sodic potas- itself undergoing much change. Fennents
sium tartrate (Rochelle salt), 173 grams, is are classified into unorganized, or soluble, and
dissolved in 480 c.c. of sodium hydrate solu- organized, or living, ferments. According
tion of .specific gravity 1. 14. The two solu- to the character of the fermentation, the un-
tions are mixed and sufficient water added to organized ferments are divided into aniylo-
make 1000 c.c. One c.c. of this solution is lylic, proteolytic, fat-decomposing, milk-curd-
reduced by 0.005 of glucose. To
apply the ling, and coagulating ferments. Ainylolytic
test,a small quantity of the solution is placed ferments (sugar-producing or diastatic fer-
in a test-tube, diluted with water, boiled, and
ments) convert starch into sugar. The most
the urine added drop by drop. The presence important is ptyalin of the saliva but similar
;
of sugar is indicated by a reddish or yellow ferments are found in the pancreatic and in-
precipitate, due to the reduction of the copper testinal juice, bile, blood, milk, urine, etc.
sulphate to the copper oxid or hydrate. Proteolytic ferments convert proteids into
Fel [L.]. Bile. F. bovis purificatum, peptones and albumosfes. They are found in
purified ox-gall ; it is said to be tonic and the stomach { pepsin), \n the pancreatic juice
laxative. Dose gr. iij-v (0.2-0.32). [trypsin),and elsewhere. A fat-decomposing
Felon [fei'-on). See Paronychia. ferment is found in the stomach and in the"
Female (fe'-nial) \_feinma, woman], i. jiancreatic juice. Milk-curdling ferment is
Pertaining to the sex that conceives and bears found in the stomach and the intestinal
young pertaining to a woman. 2. Denot-
; juice. The
best example of a coagulating
ing that part of a double-limbed instrument ferment the fibrin -ferment. The organized
is
that receives the complementary part. F. or living ferments are the yeasts and bacteria.
Catheter, a catheter for emptying the female See Fermentation.
bladder. Fermentation {fer-men-ta' -shun) [^fermen-
Femoral { fern' - or - al) \^fciniir, the thigh tuin, leaven]. The decomposition of com-
bone]. Pertaining to the femur. F. Arch, plex molecules under the influence of fer-
Poupart's ligament. F. Artery. See Ar- ments F., Acetic, the fermentation whereby
teries, Table of. F. Canal, a canal in the weak alcoholic solutions are converted into
sheath of the femoral vessels, to the inner vinegar; caused by the liacillus aceti, etc
side of the femoral vein, through which at F., Alcoholic, that occurring in carbohy-
times a hernia descends. F. Hernia. See drates under the action of various saccharo-
Hernia. F. Ligament of Hey. See Liga- mycetes. F., Ammoniacal, that giving rise
ment. F. Ring, the abdominal end of the to ammoniacal gas and carbon dioxid, which
femoral canal, normally closed by the crural combine to form ammonium c.irbonate. The
septum and the peritoneum. F. Sheath, a agent of the ammoniacal fermcntalion of
continuation downward of the fascice that line urine is the Micrococcus urea\ F., Butyric,
the abdomen. It contains the femoral vessels. the conversion of sugars, starches, milk, etc.,
Femorotibial [fem-or-o-tib' -e-al). Relating into butyric acid, due to various microor-
to the femur and the tibia. ganisms, especially the bacillus butyricus.
Femur {fe'-mur) [L.]. The thigh-bone. F., Lactic, the "souring" of milk, caused
Fenestra [fe-nes'-trah) [L., a window]. A by the Pacillus lacticus. F., Propionic,
window-like opening, as the open space in the Bacillus cavicida, decomposes saccharine
the blade of an obstetric forceps, or an open- solutions, producing propionic acid. F.,
Test, a test for gluco.se in the urine. The
ing in a bandage or dressing for drainage,
etc. F. ovalis, F. rotunda. See Ear. is decomposed by yeast into alcoliol
glucose
Fenestrated {fe-nes'-tra-ted) fenestra, a and the escape of the latter caus-
CO.,,
\_
window]. Perforated. F. Membrane of ing a reduction in the specific gravity of tlie

Henle, the layer of elastic tissue in the in- urine. From the loss in weight the amount
tima of large arteries. of glucose is calculated. F., Viscous, a
Fennel See Fceni- fermentation characterized by the production
{fen' -el) [ME., fenel\
culwn. of a gummy substance.
FERN FEVER
Fern. Any cryptogamous plant of the order Vinum amarum, is made from the soluble
Filices. See Aspidiiini. citrate of iron and Dose f.^j- ij (4.0-
cjuinin.
Ferralia [fer-a^-k-a/i) \_ferrum, iron]. Pre- 8.0). F. citratis, Vinum (U. S. P.). Dose
parations containing iron. f.^j-ij (4.0-8.0). F. et magnesii citras.
Ferrein, Pyramids of. See Pyramid. Dose gr. v-x (o. 32-0. 65 ) . Unof. F. etbis-
Ferric [fer^-ik) \_fcn-ui)i, iron]. Containing muthi citras. Unof. F. dialysatum. Dose
iron as a quadrivalent element. of the solution I0-20 drojjs (0.32-0.65). F.
Ferricyanid [fer-i-si^-an-id). A compound dialysatus, Liq. (B. P.). Dose TTLx-xxx
of ferricyanogen P'e.^(CN)5 with an element (0.65.-2.0). F. hypophosphis is used to
or radicle. prepare F. hypophosphitis, Syrupus, N.
Ferro- {/er'-o-) [fernini, iron]. prefix A F. Dose 13 ij-vj (8.0-24.0). F. iodidum.
used vvitii the names of ferrous compounds. Dose gr. j-viij (0.065-0.52). Unof. F.
'FfiTvocya.ni'l [ fer-o-si' -aii-id). A compound iodidum saccharatum. Dose gr. ij-v
of ferrocyanogen, Fe(CN)2, with an element (0.13-0.32). F. iodidi, Pil., Blancard's
or radicle. pills each contain one grain of ferrous iudid.
;
Ferrous (fcr'-us) \_ferrnm, iron]. Contain- F. iodidi, Syrupus. Dose Tt\^xv-xxx (i.o-
ing iron as a bivalent element. 2.0). F. lacias. Dose gr. v (0.32). Syitipus
Ferrum {fer'-tini') [L. ]. Iron, Fe =r 56. hypophosphituni cum 7v;7'() contains F. lactas.
(,)u.intivalence li, iv. The most familiar and Dosef^ss-j (2.0-4.0). F. oxalas. Dose
most useful of all metals ; it is found in gr. (0.13-0.20).
ij-iij Unof F. oxidum
many minerals, in nearly all soils, in many hydratum is an antidote to arsenic. F.
mineral waters, and also occurs pure, especi- oxidum hydratum cum magnesio is an
ally in the form of meteoric iron. Pure iron antidote to arsenic. F. oxidum magneti-
is commercial irons containing
rare, nearly all cum. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). Unof.
carbon various proportions.
in In pharmacy, F. phosphas (B. P.). Dose gr. v-x
iron is used in the form of fine, bright, non- (0.32-0.65). F. phosphas solubilis.
elastic wire, as reduced iron, a metallic iron Dosegr. v-x (0.32-0.65). F. pyrophosphas
with a variable amount of iron oxid, and in the solubilis. Dose gr. ij-v (0.13-0. 32). Syru-
form of salts. The therapeutic properties of pus ferri, quinina; et strychnince phosphatum.
iron depend on its power to build up the blood, Dose f^j (4.0). F. reductum.
Dose gr.
it
being a normal constituent of the red corpus- iij-vj (0.2-0.4). Dose gr.
F- succinas.
cles. Hence it is useful in all forms of anemia V (0.32). Unof. F. sulphas. Dose gr.
and in the diseases depending upon the latter. V (0.32). F. sulphas exsiccatus. Dose
Externally many of the soluble salts of iron gr. iij (0.2). F. sulphas granulatus. Dose
are used as styptic and astringent lotions. The gr. iij (o. 2). F. tannas. Dose gr. viij-xxx
following preparations of iron are chiefly em- (0.52-2.0) in 24 hours. F. valerianas.
ployed F. acetatis, Liq.
: Dose tTîj-x Dose gr. ij-v (0.13-0.32).
(0.13-0.65). F. albuminas ; it contains 5 Fertile (/-r^-///) [_/l7-////>, fruitful]. Prolific,
per cent, ferric oxid, or 10 per cent, ferric chlo- fruitful.
rid. Dose gr. xx-xxx I.3-2.0). Unof F.
( Fertilization [fer-til-iz-a'-shttn') \_feitilis,
arsenias, (B. P.), is chiefly valuable for the fruitful]. The art of making fertile ; impreg-
arsenic it contains. Dose gr. ^q-\ (0.006- nation.
0.008). F. bromidum, used in solution, in Ferula {fer^-u-/ah) [L.]. A genus of the
doses of 20 drops, three times daily, as' an alter- order Umbellifera;. See Asafetida and Gal-
ative tonic in chorea and scrofula. Unof. F. haniim.
carbonas saccharatus, U. S. P. Dose gr. Festination ( fes-tin-a' -shmi) \_festinare, to
v-xxx (0.32-2.0). F. carbonatis, Massa, hasten]. A gait that increases in rapidity ;
Vallet's Mass. Dose gr.iij-v (0.2-0.32). F. it is seen in

paralysis agitans.
carbonatis, Pilulae, Blaud's Pill; it consists Fetal [fe'-tdl) [/(iV/«, offspring]. Pertaining
of ferrous sulphate, potassium carbonate, and to the fetus.
sugar. F., Mistura, Composita, Griffith's Feticide [fe^ -tis-ld)\_fcetus ,o^s\>rmg\ ccedere,
Mixture. Dose f 3 ss-f_^j (16.0-32.0). F. to kill]. The killing of the fetus in the
chloridum is used in the preparation of F. woml).
chloridi. Liquor, dose fT\îj-x (o. 13-0.65), Fetus {fe'-tiis) [yaVw^, offspring]. The un-
and F. chloridi, Tinct., dose rT\^x-xxx born offspring of viviparous animals in the
(0.65-2.0). F. citras. Dose gr. iij-v (o. 2- later stages of development.
0.32). F. citratis, Liquor. Dose tT^x Fever {fe^-ver') \_ft'bris, a fever]. I. An ele-
(0.65). F. et ammonii citras. Dose gr. v vation of the budy-temperature above the
(0.32). F. et quininoe citras (B. P.). IJose normal. 2. A
disease the distinctive charac-
gr. v-xv (0.32-1 o). F. et quininae citras teristicof which is elevation of temperature,
solubilis. Dose gr. v (0.32). F. et strych- accompanied also by quickened pulse an I
ninae citras. Dosegr.j-iij (0.065-0.2). F., respirations, increased tissue-waste, and dis-
FIBER FIBROID
ordered secretions. F., Asthenic, one in bone. F. of Tome, elongated and branched
whicii there is a weakcirculation, a clammy processes of the fxlontoblasts of the pulp,
skin, and a low state of the nervous system. filling the dentinal tubules of teeth.
F. -blister. See Herpes lahialis. F., Brain, Fibril {fi'-bril) [Jibra, a fiber]. A little
lever associated with inllammation of the cere- liher, particularly one of the ultimate libers
bral meningesmeningitis.
; F., Catarrhal, of nmscle or of fibrous connective tissue.
influenza. F., Catheter. See /•"., 6/v//^/vz/. Fibrillar {fi'-bril-ar) \_fibrilla, a small fiber].
F., Cerebrospinal, an acute infectious dis- Pertaining to fibrils. F. Contractions,
ease characterized hv intlamma'ion of the spontaneous contractions successively taking
meninges of the brain and cortl with involve- place in different bundles of muscular fibers ;
ment of the superhcial layers of nerve-sub- they are seen in progressive muscular atrophy
stance. See Exanthemata, Table of. F., and other diseases.
Chagres, a malignant form of malaria. F., Fibrillary [^fi'-bril-a-re). Same as Fibrillar. ,
Continued, one the course of which is Fibrin (Ji'-brin) \_fibra, a filler]. A proteid
free from remissions or intermissions. F., formed in shed blood, lymph, in other
Dandy. Synonym of Den<:;ue. F., En- body-fluids, and in tissues when these coagu-
teric. See /^, Typhoid. F., Eruptive, one late. the shape of filjrils, gran
It exists in
that is accomjianied by an eruption on the ules, plates, oras a homogeneous material.
skin. F., Famine. 'ie.Q F. , Re/apsvi<;. F., Fibrin forms about 0.2 per cent, of the blood.
Gastric, a term used indefinitely to indicate F.- factors, the substances necessary for
any febrile ailment associated with abdominal and concerned in the formation of fibrin.
symptoms. F., Hay. See /lay-fever. F., They are fibrinogen, fibrin-ferment, and cer
Hectic, a diurnally intermittent fever with tain salts. F. -ferment, a ferment obtained
the highesttemperature in the evening and from blood-serum after clotting has occurred.
It is one of the fibrin-factors, and is probably
accompanied by sweats and chills. It is
found in tuberculosis and other diseases derived from the leukocytes.
associated with the absorption of septic pro- Fibrinogen { ft-brin'-o-jen) \Jibra,2k. fiber;
ducts. F., Low, fever of an astiienic type. yevvhv, to produce]. A proteid of the globu-
F., Lung, croupous pneumonia. F., Milk, lin class, obtained from blood-plasBia and
a slight form of puerperal septicemia, formerly serous transudations. It is one of the chief
thought to be due to the formation of milk in elements in the formation of fibrin.

the mother's breast. F., Puerperal. See Fibrinogenous {fi-brin-oj'-en-tis) \Jibra, a
Pne>peral. F., Relapsing. See Relapsing fiber; yevvav, to produce]. Forming or pro-
Fever. F., Remittent, a paroxysmal fever ducing fibrin.
with exacerbations and remissions, but not a
Fibrinoplastic {fi-brin-o-plas'-tih) \_fibra,
intermissions usually applied specifically to
; fiber; n-/(7(T(T«c, to form]. Of the nature of
remittent malarial fever. F. Rheumatic. fibrinoplastin.
See
See Rheumatism. F., Scarlet. See Scarlet Fibrinoplastin [fi-brin- -phis'- tin).
Fever. F., Septic, one due to the entrance Paraglobulin.
of septic matter into the system. F., Simple Yxhr'moviS [fi'-brin-us) [//';v7, a fiber]. Of
Continued, a continued, noncontagious the nature of or containing fibrin.
Fibroareolar fiber
fever, varying in duration from one to twelve {fi-bro-ar-e' -o-lar)\^fibra, ;
dim. of an open space]. Con-

days, and usually ending in recovery. F., a!-eola, a>-ea,
taining fibrous tissue with
an areolar arrange
Spirillum. Synonym of F., Relapsing.
ment.
F., Splenic. Synonym of Anthrax. F., a
Sthenic, a fever characterized by rapid, full Fibrocartilage {fi-bro-kar'-til-aj) \^fibra,
Cartilage with an
pulse, heat and dryness
of the skin, high fiber; cartilago,\x\i\\c].
intermixture of fibrous elements.
temperature, scanty urine, and
delirium. F.,
Traumatic, that following traumatism. F., Fibrocellular (/i-bro-seF-u-lar) [Jibra, fiiier;
Both fibrous and celluKir fibro-
Typhoid. H&e Tvphoil Fever. F., Typhus.
;
re//-?, cell].
See Typhus Fever. F., Urethral, the febrile areolar.

disturbance that follows the use of the cathe- Fibrocyst ( fi'-bro-sist) [libra, fiber ;
Kvart^,
ter or bougie. F., Yellow. See Yello^v Fever. cyst]. A fibroma that has undergone cystic
Fiber a thread]
{fi'-her\ \_fibra,
A filament- .
degeneration.
ary or thread-like structure. Gerdy, F. of Fibroglioma {fi-brogli-o'-malt) [libra, fiber;
a transverse band of fibers supporting the y'/.ia,glue ; b'lia, tumor]. A tumor having
hand crosswise and forming the web of the the elements of a fibroma and a glioma.
F., Muscle. See Muscle. F., Fibroid {fi'-broiir) [Jibra, \\Wt W(W, like- ;
fingers.
Nerve. See Ne)~ve. F. of Remak, the ness]. Resembling fibers or composed i>f
F. of Sharpey, fibers. Also, a fibroiil tumor. F. Heart, a
nonmedullated nerve-fibers.
delicate processes or rods that pass through chronic form of myocarditis in which there
is a of fibrous comicctive tissue
and rivet together the concentric lamina; of development
FIBROMA FIMBRIA
in the cardiac muscle. F. Induration. See family Filariidre. F. medinensis, Guinea
hidnralion. F. Phthisis, a chronic form Worm, an animal parasite, the female of
of phthisis, in which there is a formation of which works its way from the intestinal tract
fibrous tissue. to the subcutaneous tissue, where, after de-
B'ibroma { fi-hro'-inaJi) \_ftbra, a fiber; d/ia,a. veloping its embryos, it is sooner or later set
tumor]. A
benign tumor composed of fibrous free by abscess-formation and discharge. F.
tissue. F. Hard, one containing few cells, sanguinis hominis, the larva or embryo of
being chielly composed of fibers. F. lipo- the nematode worm, Filaria bancrofti. The
matodes. Same as Xanthoma. F. moUus- embryos are about 0.35 mm. long, and in-
cum. Synonym of Alolluscmn fibrosiim. F. habit the lymph-channels of the lower ex-
Soft, one rich in cells. tremities and the scrotum. They lead to dila-
Fibromyoma(_^-/;;'6i-w/-c;''-wrt/^) \Jibra, fiber ; tation of the lymphatics, to hyperplasia of the
/iiif,
muscle ; 6/<«, a tumor]. tumor com- A tissues, to chyluria, hematuria, abscesses, etc.
posed of fibrous and muscular tissue. They are found in the blood at night. Ele-
Fibromyxoma (^fi-bro-tniks-o' -mah) \^fibra, phantiasis arabum and lymph-scrotum are said
fiber ; mucus; him, a tumor]. A tumor
n'vâ, to be due
to the filaria.
composed of fibrous and myxomatous tissue. Filariasis {fi-lar-i' -as-is) \^Ji/uin, a thread].
Fibroneuroma [fi-bro-mi-ro'-niah) \_Jibra, A diseased state due to the presence in the
fiber; rfiyjor, nerve; 6//a, tumor]. A tumor body of Filaria sanguinis hominis, or allied
composed of fibrous tissue and nerve-fibers. species.
Fibroplastic [Ji-bro-plas^-tik) \_fibra, fiber ; Filicic Acid, C,4HjgOj. An acid extracted
7r/id(7cr£(v, to form]. Tending to form fibers. from Filix ?nas.
Fibrosarcoma (Ji-byosar-ko' -mah') \_fibra, Filiform ( ftl'-if-oriii) [ fi/iiin,
a thread ;
fiber; ciap^, flesh; hfia, tumor]. A sarcoma forma, form]. Thread-like. F. Bougie.
containing fibrous tissue. See Bougie. F. Papillae, the smallest and
Fibrosis [Ji-bro'-sis) \_fibra, fiber].
The de- most numerous of the papillae of the tongue,
velopment of fibrous tissue. F., Arterio- occurring over its whole surface.
capillary. See Endarteritis. Filix {fi'-liks) [L.]. A fern. F. mas,
Fibrous [Ji'-brus) \_Jibra, a fiber]. Contain- male fern. See Aspiditim.
Fillet (//'-^/) [Fr., yf/t-/, a thread], i. A
ing fibers ; of the character of fibrous tissue.
Fibula [L., a buckle].
(fib'-u-lah) The loop for the purpose of making traction on
slender bone at the outer part of the leg ar- the fetus. 2. The lemniscus, a band of
ticulating above with the tibia and below with nei ve-fibers connected below with the nucleus
the astragalus and tibia. gracilis and nucleus caudatus of the medulla
Ficus [L.
{fi'-kiis)
a fig-tree].
,
The fig. and running upward through the pons and
The fleshy receptacle of F. carica, native of crus cerebri to the cerebrum, a portion of
Asia Minor, and cultivated throughout Europe the fibers (lateral fillet) entering the posterior
and tropic America. It is laxative and nutri- corpora quadrigemina, another (mesal fillet)
tious, and is a constituent of Confectio sennae. passing to the anterior corpora quadrigemina
Field {feld) [ME., feeld\ i. An open and tlie optic thalamus. A part of the
space or area. 2. The field of vision. F. mesal fillet is continued into the cortex.
of Fixation. Sêe Fixation. F. Magnetic, F., Olivary, a fasciculus of nerve-fibers
the portion of space about a magnet in which enclosing the olivary body of the medulla.
its action is felt. F. of a Microscope, the Filter [fF-ter) \_filtrum, felt]. An appara-
area that can be seen through a microscope at tus for straining water or other liquids to re-
one time. F. of Vision, the space in which move any undissolved matters. F., Pasteur-
the patient can see when the eye is steadily Chamberland, a hollow column of unglazed
fixed on the object held in the direct line of porcelain through which solutions are tillered
vision. by means of a vacuum-exhaust or by pressure
Fifth Nerve. See Trifacial. F. Ventricle. F. -paper, an unglazed paper used for fil-
See Ventricle. tration.
Fig. Ste Fiiiis. F. -wart, a moist condyloma. Filtrate {fil'-trat) \Jiltrn/ii, felt]. The
liquid
F.-wort, the herb Scrophularia nodosa, an that has passed through a filter.
alterative, diuretic, and anodyne. It is some- Filtration (//-/ra^-^/z//;/) [ /f//;-«w, felt]. The
times used in the form of an ointment for operation of straining through a filter.
piles. Dose of the fld. ext.
f^ss-j (2.0-4.0). Filum terminale [fi'-han ter-inin-al'-e\ A
Unof. long, slender thread of })ia mater, the termi-
Filament [JiF-am-ent) \^filum, a thread]. A nation of the spinal cord.
small, thread-like structure. F., Spermatic, Fimbria {fi/u'-bre-a/i) [/fw/'r/i?. a fringe].
the caudal filament of a spermatozoon. A fringe. F. of Fallopian Tube, the
Filaria {fi-la'-re-ali) [Ji/um, a thread]. A fringe-like processes of the outer extremity
genus of nematode or thread-worms of the of the oviduct.
FIMBRIATED FLATUS
Fimbriated { fim'-bre- a-ted) [fimbria, of abscesses or wounds, and usually trans-
fringe]. Fringed. mitting some lluid, either pus or the .secretions
Y'\.n%,&x {fing'-ger) [ME. ,
//«<',';-]. A digit or contents of some organ or
bofly-cavity.
of the hand. P., Clubbed, a finger tlie F., Anal, a fistula in the neigiib(irhood of
terminal phalanx of which is .short and broad the anus which may or may not C(jmniunicate
with overhanging nail. It is seen in cases with the bowel. F., Blind, a fistula ojien
of pulmonary tuberculosis, congenital heart- at one end only. F., Blind, External, one
disease, etc. the only opening of which is on the exterior
Fir (/>/;-) [ME.,/r, the fir-tree]. See Abies. of the body. F., Blind, Internal, one which
F. -balsam. See Abies balsamea. opens only upon an internal surface. F.,
First Intention. See Healing. Branchial, an opening that extends from
Fish-berry. See Cocciilus indieus. the surface of the neck to the
|)harynx it is ;
Fish-skin Disease. See lehthyosis. an unclosed branchial cleft. F., Complete,

Fissiparous [Jis-ip'-ar-iis) \_fiiidere, to .split ;
one having two openings, an internal and
parere, to jiroducej. Propagating l)y fission. external. F., Fecal, a fistula communi-
Fissure {fish'-ur) \_fissura; findere, to cating with the intestine.
cleave]. A
groove or cleft. A
term applied Fit [AS., fit, a struggle]. A name applied
to the clefts or grooves in various organs, as to any sudden ]:)aroxysm of a disease, but es-
the skull, the brain, the liver, the spinal cord. pecially to an epileptic convulsion.
Also to cracks in the skin or linear ulcers in Fixation {fiks-a'-shim) The
\^fixiis, fixed].
mucous membranes. F. of the Anus, a act of fixing or making firm. F., Field of,
mucocutaneous junction of
linear ulcer at the in optics, the region bounded by the utmost
the anus, giving rise to intense suffering on limits of distinct or central vision, and which
defecation. F. of Bichat, the transverse the eye has under its direct control through
fissure of the brain, between the fornix its excursions, without movements of the
and the upper surface of the cerebellum. head. F.-forceps, those u.sed for fixing or
Through it the pia enters the ventricles. holding a part in position iluring a surgical
F. of Broca, a fissure surrouiuliiig Lroca's operation.
lobe. F., Calcarine, a fissure on the Fixing (//tj^-/«^r) [y?.r/«, fixed]. The pre-
mesal aspect of the cerebrum, between the paration of tissue for microscopic study by
and the cuneate lobe. F.,
lingual lobule means of some agent that hardens it and pre-
Callosomarginal, one on thernesal surface serves the form and arrangement of the cells.
of the cerebral hemisphere, dividing the area Flagellate [fia/el-al) \_/lagelliim, a whip].
between the corpus callosum and tlie margin Furnished with slender, whip-like processes.
into nearly equal parts. F., Longitudinal, Flagellum {fiaj-el'-um) [L., a whip]. .V
the deep fissure that divides the cerebrum whip-like mobile process; the organ of loco-
into two hemispheres. F., Occipital, a deep motion of certain bacteria and infusoria.
fissure, situated between the parietal and oc- Flag, Sweet. See Cala//iiis.
cipital lobes of the brain F., Palpebral, the Flank [fiaii/c) [},\E.,fiaiil-, hom\..fiacais,
space between the eyelids extending from the soft]. The part of the body between the
outer to the inner canthus. F., Portal. See ribs and the ujjper border of the ilium.
F. , Transverse {of liver). F., Precentral, Flap [ME.,y?(//, a loose, flexible part]. A
,a fissure in front of the F. of Rolando and loose and partly detached portion of tlu- skin
parallel to it. F. of Rolando, a fissure on or other soft tissue. F. -amputation, one
the lateral aspect of the cerebrum, extending in which tlaps of soft tissues are left to cover
downward from near the longitudinal fissure over the end of the bone. F. -extraction,
at about its middle point. It sejiarates the a method of extracting the crystalline lens
frontalfrom the parietal lobe. F. of Sylvius, so as to make a Hap of the cornea.
a deep fissure of the brain beginning on the Flat [ME.,y7(//]. i. Lying on one plane;
outer side of the anterior perforated space, having an even surface. 2. Of a percussion
and extending outward to the lateral surface sound, having no resonance. F.-foot, de-
of the hemisphere. It has two branches, a pression of the plantar arch.
short vertical and a long horizontal, the latter Flatness (y/(7/'«<j) [iME., //<//]. The sound
separating the parietal from the temporo- obtained by percussing over an airless organ
sphcnoidal lobe. Between the branches lies or a large effusion.
the Island of Reil. F., Transverse [of liver), Flatulence {fiat'-n-kns) Q/f<?///.y, breath]. A
a fissure crossing transversely the lower sur- condition marked by the presence of gas in
face of the right lobe of the liver. It trans- the stomach and intestinal canal.
mits the portal vein, hepatic artery and nerves, Flatulent (fia/'- u lent) [/latus, breath].
and hepatic duct. Characterized by flatulence.
Fistula ( lis'-tu-lah) [L. a pipe].
,
A narrow Flatus [fia'-tus] [L.]. tJas, esi>eci;dly gas
canal or tube left by the incomplete healing in the gastrointestinal canal.
19
FLAX FCENICULUM
Flax [AS. ,y?'d'aa-]. See Liniiin. F. -dress- Florida Allspice, the leaves of Calycanthus
er's Phthisis, a fibroid pneumonia resulting floridus, having the properties of an aromatic
from the inhalation of particles in flax dress- stimulant. Unof.
ing. F.-seed. See Linum. Flour [ a flower].
floiur) {flos, The finer
Flea (fie). See Pulex. F.-bane. See part of the ground grain, especially of wheat.
Erigeron. Flow {/o) [AS.,yf()7£w;/, to flow]. The free
Fleam {flem) \_ip^tôr6iiov, a lancet, from discharge of a liquid, as the blood ; the
(pM-il), a vein rifiveiv, to cut].
;
A
phlebo- menses.
tome a lancet for venesection.
; Flower {Jlo7v'-er). See Flores.
Fleming's Tincture. An alcoholic prepara- Fluctuation {fluk-tu-a'-shuti\ \_fliictttare, to
tion of aconite, stronger than the official float or roll]. The motion pro-
wave-like
tincture. Dose, two minims (0. 13). duced when a body containing fluid is tapped
Flemming's Solution. A mixture used as between the fingers or hands.
a fixing agent for tissue in histologic study. Fluor albus (flu' -or al' -bus) [L., a white
It consists of 15 parts of I per cent, solution flow]. Leukorrhea.
of chromic acid, 4 parts of a 2 per cent, solu- Fluorescein [Jht - ores' - e -in), Côî'Os +
tion of osmic acid, i part of glacial acetic acid. H.^0. An anhydrid of resorcin, prepared by
Flesh [AS.j^ffWt', flesh]. The soft tissues of heating phthalic anhydrid with resorcin to
the body, especially the muscles. F., Proud, 200° C. It has the property of coloring
the soft and exuberant granulations of a abrasions of the cornea greenish, and has
wound or ulcer. been used on this account for diagnostic pur-
Flexibilitas [/leks-ib-il' -it-as) [L.]. Flexi- poses.
bility. F. cerea, a condition of the limbs in Fluorescence (Jln-07--fs'-ens) [fliie7'e, to
catalepsy in which they seem as if made of flow]. A
property possessed by certain sub-
wax. stances of converting obscure actinic rays
Flexible {fleks'-ib-l) \^flexus, bent]. That (such as the ultraviolet) into luminous rays.
which may be bent, as a F. catheter, F. collo- Fluorin { flid-or-in) [ fliior, a flow]. F 19 = ;
dion. quantivalence I. An element belonging to

Flexion {fck'-shitit) \^_flexi(s, bent].
The thecliliirin group. Its intense chemic affinity
act of bending ; the condition of being bent. has so far rendered its isolation impossible.
Flexor {fleks'-or) \_Jiexus, bent]. A muscle The salts formed with the alkaline metals,
that bends or flexes a limb or part. See fluorids, have been used in goiter and in rheu-
Mitscles, Table of. mati-;ni. See Elements, Table of.
Flexure bending]. A
[Jleks^ -ilr) \_flexnra, a Fluoroscope (Jlu'-or-p-.-kof) \^fltior, a flow ;
bending. F., Caudal, the bend at the lower OKO-av, to examine]. The instrument for
portion of the embryo. F., Cephalic, the holding the fluorescent screen in X-ray exam-
arching over of the cephalic end of the em- ination.
bryo. F., Sigmoid. See Sigmoid Flexure. Flux [finks) \_llnxns, flowing], i. An ex-
Floating {flo'-tiug) [AS.,/rtV^«, to float]. cessive flow of any of the excretions of the
Swimming; free to move around. F. Kid- liody, especially the feces. 2. Dysentery.
ney, one that is detached from its normal Focal {fo'-kal) focus, a fire-place].
\_
Per-
position and abnormally niovai^le. F. Liver, taining to or occupying a focus. F. Depth,
one with abnormal mobility; movable liver. the power of a lens to give clear images of
F. Ribs. See Ribs. objects at diflerent distances from it. F.
Floccitation {^flok-sit -a'-shu)i). Same as Distance, the distance from the focus to a
Carphology. reflecting or refracting surface, or in the case
Flocculent ( flok'
-u-lent ) \Jloccus, a flock of of a lens to the principal point of the lens.
wool]. Flaky, downy, or woolly; coales- F. Disease, F. Lesion, one that is limited
cing in flocky masses. to a small area. F. Epilepsy, epilepsy due
Flocculus ( flok' -ii-liis) [dim. of floccus, a to a focal lesion of the brain Jacksonian
;
tuft of wool]. A prominent lobe of the cere- epilepsy.

bellum situated behind and below the middle Focus \fo'-kus) [focus, a. fire-place]. I. The
cerebellar peduncle on either side of the principal seat of a disease. 2. The point
median fissure. (called principal focus or real focus), at
Flood's Ligament. See Ligamnit. which rays of light converge that pass through
Flooding {flud'-ing) [.AS., /fw/, a flood]. a convex lens or are reflected from a concave
-A
copious bleeding from the womb. mirror. F., Negative or Virtual, the
Flores [L.].
{flo'-rez) Plural of flos, a point at which divergent rays would meet if
flower. I. The flowers or blossoms of a plant. prolonged in a backward direction.
2. Aflocculent or pulverulent form assumed Fceniculum [fen-ik'-u-lunt) [L.]. Fennel.
by certain substances after sublimation, as The fruit of F. vulgare, the properties of
Jlores iulphui is, flowers of sulphur. which are due to a volatile oil. It is a mild
FCENUM GR.IiCUM foramp:n
stimulant and
aromatic carminative. F., Fontana's Spaces. Spaces between the pro-
Aqua, 2 parts of the oil in looo of water. cesses of the ligamentum
pectinatum of the
Dose F., Oleum. iris.
f,:^ss-f.^j (2.0-32.0).
Dose n\îj-v (0.13-0.32). Fontanel, or Fontanelle (fon-tan-el') [dim.
Fcenum Grsecum (^fe'-niim gree'-kum). oifontiina, a fountain]. A membranous si)ace
See Fenugreek. between the cranial Insnes in fetal life and
Fcetal {fe'-tal). See Fetal. infancy. F., Anterior, that at the point of
Foetus [fe'-tus). See Fetus. union of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal
Folia {fo'-le-ah) \_fo/iu/n, leaf]. Leaves. sutures. F., Posterior, that at the point of
Follicle {foF-ik-i) \folliculus, dim. oi/olHs,
junction of the lambdoid and the sagittal
bellows]. I. A small lymphatic gland, the tis- sutures.
sue of which is arranged in the form of a Food [AS. , yoi/a, food]. Anything which
little sac also a small tubular gland. 2. when taken into the body
;
cajjableof build
is
A simple tubular gland. F., Graafian, one ing up tissue, or by oxidation, of supplying
of the small vesicular bodies in the ovary, each heat.
of which contains an ovum. F. of Lieber- Foot The
terminal extrem-
I.
[}tl¥..,/oot'\.
kiihn. See Crypts of Lieberkiihn. F., ity of the leg. of the tarsus, meta-
It consists
Sebaceous, the sebaceous glands of the tarsus, and phalanges, or toes. 2. The base
F., Solitary, small discrete lymph- 3. A measure of length
skin. of a microscope.
follicles found in the mucous membrane of equal to twelve inches, or 30.479 cm. F.-
the intestines. clonus. See Ankle-clonus. F.-drop, a
Follicular {folik'-u-lar) \_folliculus, a little falling of the foot due to a ]iaralysis of the
follicle]. Pertaining to a follicle. flexors of the ankle. F., Fungus-. .See
Folliculitis (fot-ik-u li'-tis) \_folliculus, a F.-and-mouth Disease,a
Madura-foot.
follicle ltk;, inflammation].
; Inflammation fel^rile of sheep, cows, pigs, and
affection
of a group of follicles. F. barbae. See horses, rarely of man, manifesting itself liy
Sycosis. the appearance of vesicles and bulla; in the
Fomentation i^fo-men-ta' -shun) \_fomenta?-e, mouth and on the feet. It is probably due
to foment]. The application of beat and to a special microorganism. F. -pound, the
moisture to a part to relieve pain or reduce work equal to that of raising a pound to the
infiammation. It may be by cloths soaked
height of one foot.
in hot water or medicated solution, or
by a Foramen {for-a'-men) [forare, to pierce].
poultice. Also the substance applied. A perforation or opening, especially in a bone.
TABLE OF FORAMINA.
Name.
FORAMINA FORAMINA
TABLE OF FORAMINA.— CoH/muc'd.
Name.
FORAMINA FORAMINA
TABLE OF FORAMINA.— Cc)«//«K<fa'.
Name.
FORCE FORMULARY
TABLE OF FORAMINA.— Coniinued.
Name.
FORMYL FRACTURE
or recipes. F., National, a collection of Fourchet, or Pourchette (fooi-shet') [Fr. ,a
widely-used and well-known preparations, fork]. I. A fold of nuicous memljranc just
omitted from the U. S. Pharmacopeia, but inside of tlie [josterior commissure of the vulva.
collected and published by the American 2. A forked instrument used in division of
Pharmaceutic Association. the frenum lingu;c.
Formyl [for' -mil) \_fonitica, tlie ant i'A//, ;
Fourth Cranial Nerve. The pathetic nerve,
matter], CHO. The radicle of formic acid. supplying the supiiior obli(|ue muscle.
P., Bromid, bromuform. F., Chlorid, Fovea [ fo-ve' -ah) [L.,a small pit]. A small
chloroform. P., lodid, iodoform. depression or pit. Applied to many dejires-
Fornicate [
an arch].
for' -tiik-dt) \_fornix, sious in the body, but more particularly to
Arched. P. Gyrus. See ConvohUion. the fovea centralis retina;, a little pit in the
Fornix {for'->iiks) fornix, an arch].
\_
A macula lutea, opposite the visual axis, the
triangular body of wliite matter beneath the spot of most distinct vision. F. hemiel-
corpus callosum. From
the apex, situated liptica, a small dej)ression on the inner wall
anteriorly, the anterior pillars ariseand de- of the labyrinth. It is perforated for the
scend to form the corpora mamillaria. From ]ia.->sage of filaments of the auditory nerve.
the extremities of the base the posterior pil- P. hemisphaerica, a depression in the roof
lars descend into the lateral ventricles. The of the laliyrintli.
fornix serves as an anteroposterior commis- Fowler's Solution. See Arsenic.
sure between the optic thalamus and the hip- Fox-glove {fobs' -gluv). See Digitalis.
pocampus major and the uncinate gyrus. Fractional [frak'-sliuit al) [fradio, a break-
Fortification-spectrum { for-tifi/i-a' -skiin- ing]. P. Cultivation, the isolation
Divided.
sfc-k' -tram Tcichopsia the appearance of
.
;
of microorganisms fiom each otlier by diluting
a peculiar subjective visual sensation, some- the mixture containing them to such a degree
times followed by migrain. The luminous that a given (pianlity contains but few or-
shape assumes a zigzag form, with angles ganisms. P. Distillation. See Distillation.'
resembling those of a fortification. F. Sterilization, intermittent sterilization.
Fossa [fos'-a/i) [fossa, a ditch]. depres- A Fracture [frak'-tur) [frangere, to break].
sion or pit.P., Canine, a depression on A breaking, especially of a bone. P., Bar-
the external surface of the superior maxilla, ton's. See Diseases, Table of. P. -bed,
above and to the outer side of the socket of the a bed designed for patients having fractures.
canine tooth. P., Cranial, any of the three It usually has a hole in the center to transmit
depressions in the base of the skull for the the discharges. P. -box, a long box witiiout
reception of the lobes of the brain. P., Di- ends or cover, used in the immobilization of
gastric, a deep groove on the inner aspect fractured legs. P., Comminuted, one in
of the mastoid process. P., Digital, a de- which the bone is splintereil.' P., Colics'.
pression at the base of the inner surface of See Diseases, Table of. P., Complete, one
the great trochanter of the femur. P., Glen- in which the bone is entirely Token through.
1
oid, the fossa in the temporal bone that re- P., Complicated, one associateil with in-
ceives the condyle of the lower jaw. P., jury of adjacent parts. P., Compound, one
Hyaloid, a depression in the anterior surface in which the point of fracture is in communi-
of the vitreous body for the crystalline lens. cation with the external air tlirougli a weamd
P., Iliac, the smooth internal surface of the of the overlying parts. P. by Contre-Coup,
ilium. P., Ischiorectal, the depression on a fracture of the skull caused by transmitted
either side of the anus, bounded on the outer violence, and occurring at a distance Irom
side by the tuberosity of the ischium. P., the point struck, usually opposite. P., De-
Lacrymal, the depression in the orbital plate pressed, one in which the fractured part is
of the frontal bone for the reception of the depressed below the normal level, as in frac-
lacrymal gland. P. navicularis, the di- ture of the skull. P., Double, the existence
lated portion of the uretlira in the glans of two fractures in the same bone. P.,
In the vulva, the depression between Greenstick, one in which one siile ot the bone
penis.
the posterior commissure and the fourchet. is broken, the other bent. P., Impacted,
P. ovalis, an oval depression in the right one in which one fragment is driven into the
auricle of the heart. P. patellaris. .See other so as to be held fast. P., Pott's,
F., Hyaloid. P., Pituitary, a depression in fracture of the fibula about three inches almve
the sphenoid lione lodging the pituitary body. tlie ankle joint, usually with a si>littiiig
otVof
P., Sublingual, a depression on the internal the tip of the inner malleolus, and at limes
surface of the inferior maxillary bone, for rupture of the internal lateral ligament. P.,
containing the sublingual gland. P., Sub- Simple, one in which the overlying integu-
maxillary, the oblong depression on the ment is intact. P., Smith's, fraeturr of the
internal surface of the inferior maxillary bone, lower end of the radius, from a luarter of an
inch to an inch from the articular surlace.
containing the subma.villary gland.
FRENULUM FRUIT
F., Spontaneous, one due to a slight force, a person speaking. F., Vocal, the sounds
as when there is disease of the bone. F., of the voice transmitted to the ear ajiplied to
Ununited, one in which bony union has the chest of a person speaking.
failed to occur. Frenulum [fren'-u-luin) [dim. of frenum, a
Fraenulum [fren^-H-lttm). See Frenulum. bridle]. A
small frenum a slight ridge on
;
Fraenum [fre^-uurn). See Frenum. the upper part of the valve of Vieussens. F.
Fragilitas {fraj-il'-it-as) [L.]. Brittleness. pudendi, the fourchet.
F. crinium, an atrophic condition of the Frenum [fre'-nn/n) [L., a bridle]. fold A
hair inwhich the individual hairs split into of integument, or mucous membrane, that
numerous fibrillLe. F. ossium, abnormal checks or limits the movements of any organ.
brittleness of the bones. F. linguae, the vertical fold of mucous
Fragmentation [frag-mcn-ta' -sJniii) \_frag- membrane under the tongue. F. of Penis,
mentuDi, a piece]. The breaking up into the fold on the lower surface of the glans
fragments. penis connecting it with the prepuce.
Frambesia ( frat)i
-
be' -
ze -
ah) [ frambcesia, Frenzy [fren'-ze) [jpiyliv, mind]. Violent
raspberry]. Yaws; Pian. tropical conta- A mania.
gious disease of the skin, of long duration, Friable {fri'-ab-l) \_friare, to break into
characterized by dirty or bright-red raspberry- pieces]. Easily broken or crumbled.
like tubercles, appearing usually on the face, Friction [frik'-skun) [friea}-e, 10 rub]. The
toes, and genital organs. It is most frequent act of rubbing. F. -fremitus. See Fremitus.
in young negroes. F. -sound, the sound observed in ausculta-
Frangula [frang'-gu-lah) [L. ]. The bark tion as a result of the rubbing together of
of Rhamnus frangula, or alder-buckthorn. adjacent parts, e.g., of the pleural folds, the
The young bark is very irritant ;
bark at pericardium, or the peritoneum, when the
least a year old is laxative, resembling rhu- layers are dry or roughened.
barb in action. F., Ext., Fid. Dose tT^x- Friedreich's Ataxia or Disease. See Dis-
XX (0.65-1.3). Ext. rhamni frangulse eases, 7 able of. F.'s Sign. See Signs and
liq. (P>. P.). Dose TTLx-xx
(0.65-1.3). Syiiiploms, Table of.
Frankincense ( fraugk'-in-sens) [ francum Frigorific {frig or if- ik) [ frigus, cold
- -
;
vii-ensiiDi, pure incense]. See Olibanum. faeere, to make]. Producing extreme cold.
F., Common, a concrete turpentine obtained Frog's Belly. The flaccid abdomen seen in
from Finus palusfris and other species of children suffering from rickets or from atony
Pinus of the abdominal cells, the result of dyspepsia
Franklin Spectacles. [Named after B. with flatulent distention.
Franklin, their inventor]. Spectacles with Frommann's Lines. Transverse markings
each eye-glass divided horizontally into an on the axis-cylinder of medullated nerve-
upper lens, suited for far vision, and a lower fibers, seen after treatment with silver nitrate.
for close work. Fron's Reagent. The double iodid of potas-
Franklinic Electricity. Static or frictional sium and Ijismuth, used as a test for alkaloids.
electricity. Front-tap Contraction of Gowers. See
Frasera [fra'-ze-rah). The root of Ameri- Reflexes, Table of.
can Columbo it is a mild tonic and simple
; Frontal [frunt'-al) \_frons, forehead]. I.
bitter. Dose in powder 3J (4.0). Unof. Pertaining to the anterior part or aspect of an
Fraunhofer's Lines. See Absorp/ion. organ or body. 2. Belonging to the fore-
Fraxinus { frnks-in'-us). See Manna. head. F. Bone, the anterior bone of the
Freckles (frek'-lz). See Lentigo. skull and superior bone of the face. F. Emi-
Freezing Microtome. A microtome provi- nence. See Eminenee. F. Lobe. See
ded with a contrivance for freezing artifici- Lobe. F. Section. See Sertion. F. Si-
ally the tissue to be cut. nuses, the hollow air-spaces in the frontal
Freezing-mixture, a mixture of salt and bone.
snow or ice, which absorbs a great deal of Fronto- [frun' -to-) \^frons, the forehead].
heat in undergoing solution. A prefix denoting anterior position, or ex-
Freezing-point, the temperature at which a pressing a relation with the forehead.
liijuid freezes. Frost-bite, the morbid condition of a part,
Fremitus ( freni'-it us) [L., a murmur]. A the result of extreme cold.
vibration. F., Friction, the vibrations pro- Frost-itch, a name for Prurigo hiemalis.
duced by the rubbing together of two dry Frosted Feet {fros'-ted fet). See Chilblain.
surfaces, and felt by the hand. F., Rhon- Fructose fruk'-tos) \^fructus, fruit], CgHj.^-
(
chal, vibrations produced by the passage of Og. Fruit-sugar, formerly called levulose it ;
airthrough a large bronchial tube containing found in nearly all sweet fruits.
i.s
mucus. F., Tactile, the vibratory sensation Fruit {frute)[fruLtus,Uu\\.'\. I. The devel-
conveyed to the hand applied to the chest of oped ovary of a plant, and especially the sue
FRUMENTUM FUSEL OIL
culent, fleshy parts gathered about the same. or roots, and destitute of chlorophyl. The
2. The offspring of animals. F. -sugar. See chief cla.sses of fungi are the molds, or hy-
Fructose.
phomycetes, the yeasts, or saccharomycetes,
Frumentum [fnc-men'-tttm) [L.]. Wheat and the bacteria, or schizomycetes. 2. A
or other grain. Spirittis frumenti, \vhisi<y. spongy, morbid excrescence, as proud flesh.
Ft. Abbreviation for Jiat or fiant, L. for Let F. of Brain, hernia cerebri. F. of Dura
there be made. Mater, a tumor of the skull, of malignant
Fuchsin [fook'-sin] [after Leonhard Fiichs\, nature, originating in the layers of osteal
CjpHi.iNj. QHÔo. The hydrochlorid or ace- cells. F. Foot. Sec iMadura-foot. F.
tate of rosanilin, a histrous, green, crystalline haematodes, a bleeding tumor, generally a
salt imparting an intense red color to solu- soft carcinoma. F., Ray-, the actinomyces.
tions. It is employed as a
staining agent in Funic (fu'-nik) [funis, a rope]. Pertaining
microscopy, and has been used internally in to the funis.
albuminuria. Dose gr. i^\ (0.006-0.01). Funicular {fu nik'-u-hr) [funis, a rope].
Fucus [fn'-kus) \i.fvKOi;, seaweed]. A genus Relating to the umbilical or spermatic cord.
of marine algie, the rock-weeds. F. vesi- F. Process, the portion of the tunica vagin-
culosus, bladder-wrack, sea-wrack. It is alis that surrounds the
spermatic cord.
employed in goiter and glandular enlarge- Funiculus {fu-nik'-u-lus) [dim. oi funis, a
ments, and in obesity, under the name of
rope]. I. A cord-like structure, as the
antifat. Dose of the solid extract, gr. x spermatic cord, the umbilical cord. 2. A
(0.65) ;
of the fluid extract, f3 j-ij (4.o-!>.o). bundle of nerve-fibers in a sheath of perineu-
3. A name for the different columns
Unof. rium.
Falgurant [ftW -gu-rani) [y"«/^z<r,lightning]. of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata as ;
Lightning-like. F. Pains, pains that are the F. cuneatus, F. gracilis, F. of Rol.ando,

e-xcruciating and come on with lightning like F. teres. F. cuneatus. Column of Uurdach.
suddenness, and disappear as quickly. F. gracilis. Column of Goll.
Fulminant, or Fulminating [ful'-min-aiif, Funis (y/^'-«/j) [L.]. A cord the umbilical ;
ox fill' -7)iin-a-twg) \_fitlminare, to lighten]. cord.

Sudden, severe, and rapid in course; as ful- Funnel {fun' -el) [Etymology doubtful;
minant glaucoma. Welsh, ffynel, an air-hole]. i. A wide-
Fumigation {fti-i)iig-a'-s!mn ) [fuDiigmr, to mouthed, conic vessel ending in an open
smoke]. Disinfection by exposure to the tube, used to transfer licjuids from one vessel
fumes of a vaporized disinfectant. to another, and as a support for paper- filters.
Fuming [fu' -ming]\_fiiinns smoke]. Emit- ,
Furfuraceous ( fur fur-a' -se-us) [furfur,
tingsmoke or vapor. bran]. Resembling the scales of bran, as
Function {fimgk' -shurt) [ fungi, to perform]. F. desquamation.
The normal or special action of a part. Furrow {fur'-o) [AS., /"«;//, a groove]. A
Functional ( fiingk' -shun-al) [ fungi, to per- groove. F., Digital, one of the transverse
form]. Pertaining to the special action of an lines or furrows on the palmar surface of the
organ. F. Disease, a derangement of the fingers. F., Genital, a groove appearing on
normal action of an organ without structural the genital tubercle of the fetus at the end
alteration. of the second month.
Fundament {fun' -dam-enf) [fundus, bot- Furuncle {fu-rung'-kl). See Furunculus.
tom]. I. Thefoundation or base of a thing. Furunculosis {fu-rung-kulo' -sis) [furun-
2. The rudiment. 3. The breech. culus, a.ho\\'\. A conilition associated with
Fundamental {fun-dam-cnt'-al) [fundus, the formation of fumncles.
bottom]. Pertaining to the foundation. Furunculus (/«-;7/;/.;"'-/-«-//«)[l..].
.\ Ixil
Fundus {fun'-dus) [fundus, the bottom]. A inflammatory alTection, commonly in
local
The base of an organ the part farthest re-
; volving a skin gland or hair-follicle, and
moved from the opening of the organ. F. ending in sujipuration. It begins with a jiain-
oculi, the posterior portion of the interior of ful induration, followed by swelling, suppu-
the eye seen by the ophthalmoscope. F. ration of the corium and subcutaneous con-
uteri, the part of the womb remotest from nective tissue, and the discharge of a central
the cervix. F. vesicae, the lloor, or l)as fond slough or core. F. orientalis, Oriental boil.
of the urinary bladder. Ale[>po boil, Delhi boil, itiscara button. IVnd-
Fungiform [fun'-jiforw] [fungus, a mush- jeh sore, Natal sore. A <lisease, marked by
room forma, form]. Having the form of a
;
the successive formation of papule, tubercle,
mushroom, as the Y. papilku of the tongue. scab, and sharply circumscribed ulcer on the
Fungoid (fung'-goid) [fungus, a toadstool ; face, especially the cheeks and angle of the
a fungus. mouth. It is eonuuon along the shores of
/'iihir, likeness]. Resembling
Fungus {fung'-gus) [L.]. I. One of the tiie Mediterranean Sea.
lowest orders of plants, without stems, leaves, Fusel Oil(/>/ if/).C.,II,,lli

>
Aniylicalco-
FUSIBLE GALANGA
hoi. An oily liquid of strong odor. It is an convolution on the median aspect of the
ingredient of crude alcoliol obtained by dis- brain below the collateral fissure.
tilling grain and potatoes. Fusion [fic'-z/tun) \_fundere, to pour out].
Fusible {fu'-zibl) \_fusiis, melted]. Capa- The process of melting the act of uniting,
;
ble of being melted. F. Calculus, a calcu- or cohering.

lus that can be liquefied by heat. Fustigation [fus-tig-a'-shtin) [fiistigarc, to
Fusiform ( fu' -zif-orvi) \_fitsus, a spindle ; beat]. Flagellation. F., Electric, an ap-
forma, shape]. Spindle-shaped. F. Pap- plication of electricity in which the surface
the slender papillie covering the anterior
illae, of the body is rapidly tapped with the elec-
two-thirds of the tongue. F. Lobule, the trodes of an induced current.
G. Abbreviation oi gram. Galactocele [gal-ak^-to-sel] [yd'/ a, milk;

Gadinin {gad'-in-ifi), C^Hj^NOj. A pto- K/)/*.//, tumor]. I. A cystic tumor of the fe-
main oljtained from decomposing
haddock, male breast due to a collection of milk result-
and also from cultures of the bacteria of hu- ing from closure of a milk-duct. 2. Hydro-
man feces. cele with milky contents.
Gaduin i^gad'-u-iii) \_gadiis, the codfish], Galactometer {gal-ak-tom'-et-er'). See Lac-
CjjH^gOj. A fatty principle occurring in tometer.
cod-liver oil. Galactophlysis {gal~ak-toff'-lis-is) [yd/la,
Gadus {ga'-dus) [)a6og, the whiting]. A milk; <pAv(7ig, eruption]. A vesicular erup-
genus of fish. G. morrhua, the cod a fish ;
tion containing a milk-like fluid.
from the livers of which cod-liver oil is ob- Galactophorous [ga/-iik-to[f'-or-iis) [jnAa,
tained. milk (ftpsiv, to bear].
;
Milk bearing. G.
Gaertner, Duct of. See Duct. Ducts, the excretory ducts of the mammie.
Gag [Welsh, f^^2(?, to choke]. An instrument Galactophygous {gal-ak-toff^ -ig-us) [jd/la,
placed between the teeth to prevent closure milk; 130}//, tlight]. Arresting the secretion
of the jaws. of milk.
Gait {gat) [Icel. gtifd, a way]. The manner Galactoplania {gal-ak-to-pla' -ne'ah') [jii/n,
of walking. G., Ataxic, a gait in which milk; -/.nvi], a wandering]. The metastasis
the foot is raised high, thrown forward, and of milk ; a disease due to the suppression
brought down suddenly, the whole sole strik- of lactation and the metastasis of the milk.
ing the ground at once. G., Cerebellar, a gait Galactopoietic [gal-ak-to-poi et'-ik) [ydXa,
associated with a staggering movement. G., milk; -o^df/r, to make]. Galactagogue.
Spastic, a gait in which the legs are held Galactorrhea [gal-ak-tor-e'-ah) [}(Ua, milk ;
close together and move in a stiff manner, fxna, a flow]. An excessive flow of milk.
and the toes tend to drag and catch. G., Galactoscope [gal-ak'-to-skop). See Lacto-
Steppage, a gait observed in certain neuro- scope.
tic conditions, in which the foot is thrown Galactose {gal-ak' -tds) ^^/d'Aa, milk], C^H,,-
forcibly forward, the toe lifted high in the Oj;.
A sugar formed by boiling milk-sugar
air, the heel being first brought down and with dilute acids. It readily reduces alkaline
then the entire foot. copper-solutions and is fermentable with
Galactagogue [gal-ak'-tag-og) [yrt/.«, milk; yeast.
(i; (J} o^-, leading]. I. Inducing the secretion Galactostasis [gal-ak-tos'-tas-is) \_yci7.a,
of milk. 2. An agent that increases the se- milk ardaiq,
;
stoppage]. A stoppage of
cretion of milk. the milk.
Galactidrosis {gal-ak- tid- ro'-sts) [ydy.a, Galactotherapy [gai-ak-to-ther^-ap-e) \_)ala,
milk idpuQ, sweat].
;
The sweating of a milk; dtparreiv, treatment]. I. The treat-
milk-like fluid. ment of disease in suckling infants by the ad-
Galactin {gal-ak'-tin) \yak(i, milk], €5,?!,,- ministration of the remedies to the mother or
NÔ.^j. An amorphous alkaloid found in milk. wet-nurse. 2. Milk-cure.
Galactoblast {gal-ak' -to-blasi) [}(;/•.«, milk; Galanga, Galangal [gal-aiig^-gak, or
or
a germ].
(i'Aaa-og, A
peculiar fat-containing gai'-an-gal) [Chin.]. The rhizome of Al-
globule found in the acini of the mammary pinia officinarum, and of Maranta gîlganga
gland. (great galangal). The active principles are a
DISENGAGEMENT DISTILLATE
discoverable organic lesion. D., Idiopathic, Dispareunia {dispar-oo'-ne-ah). See Dvs-
one that exists by itself without any connec- pareiifiia.
tion with another disorder one of which the Dispensary
;
(dis-pens'-ar-e) [dis/>en5are, to
cause is unknown. D., Intercurrent, a dis- distribute]. A charitable institution where
ease occurring during the progress of another medical treatment is given to the
poor.
of which it is independent. D., Organic, Dispensatory (dis-pens' al-or-e) \jlispensator-
one due to structural changes. D., Para- iuvi, an apothecary's diary]. A
treatise on
sitic, one due to an animal or vegetal par- materia medica, and the composition, effects,
asite. D., Septic, one arising from the and preparation of medicines.
development of pyogenic or putrefactive Dispersion {disper'-shun) \_dispersio ; dispcr-
organisms within the body. D., Specific, one 5/«, scattered]. The act of scattering. In
caused by the introduction of a specific virus physics, the separation of a ray of liglit into
or poison within the body also a synonym ; its
parts by reflection or refraction
component :
of syphilis. D., Venereal, one due to sex- also, any scattering of light, as that which
ual intercourse. D., Zymotic, a disease has passed through ground glass.
arising from the introduction and multijilica- Dispirem {dis-pi' -rem] {dis, two; spira, a
tion of some living germ within the body. spiral]. The two skeins of a dividing nucleus
Disengagemerit {<{is-cn-gaj' -vicnt) [Fr. ,</<-.?- formed from the nuclear lo()|)S and in devel-
engager, to disengage] Emergence from a
.
opment giving rise to the daughter-nuclei.
confined state especially the escape of the
; Displacement {dis-plas' -ment) [Fr., despla-
head of the fetus from the vaginal canal. cer, to displace]. A putting out of the nor-
Disinfectant {dis-in-fck'-tant) \_dis, neg.; mal position.
jnfiicre, to corrupt]. An agent that destroys Dissect {dis-eki') \dissecare to cut up]. To
the germs of disease, fermentation, and putre- cut tissues apart carefully and slowly, to
faction. allow study of the relations of a part.
Disinfection {dis in Dissection [dis-ek'-shim). The cutting apart
- - -
fek' shuii) [^/w, neg. ;
inficcre, to corrupt]. destroying of dis-The of the tissues of the body for purixises of study.
ease-germs, especially by means of chemic D. -wound, a septic wound acquired during
substances. dissection.
Disintegrate {dis
-
in' - te - grat') [<•//>, apart ;
Disseminated [dis-em'-in-a-fed) [dissemin-
integer, the whole]. To break up or de- are, to scatter seed]. Scattered spread ;
compose. over a large area. D. Sclerosis, a disease

Dislocation [dis
-
lo -
ka'- sJimi) \dis, apart ;
of the central nervous system, in which the
locare, to place].The displacement of one areas of sclerosis are irregularly scattered
or more bones of a joint, or of any organ throughout the cord and brain. Synonyms —
from its natural position. D., Complete, multi[)le or insular sclerosis.
one in which the joint surfaces are entirely Dissociation [liis-so-se-a' -shioi) \iiis, a]iart ;
separated. D., Compound, one in which sociare, to associate]. Separation, especially

the joint communicates with the external air the separation of a com])lex compound into
through a wound. D., Consecutive, one simpler molecules by the action of heat. D.-
in which the displaced bone is not in the symptom, anesthesia to pain and to heat
same position as when originally misplaced. and cold, with jireservation of tactile sensi-
D., Old, one in which inflammatory changes bility and of the muscular sense ; it is ob-
have occurred. D., Partial or Incomplete, served in syringomyelia.
one in which the articulating surfaces re- Dissolution [dis-o-/ii'-s/iioi) [dissohttio ; dis-
main in partial contact; also called sub- I. The
solvere, to set free]. separation of a
luxation. D., Pathologic, one the result body or compound into its parts. 2. l)eath ;
of disease in the joint or of paralysis of the decomjMjsition.
controlling muscles. D., Primitive, one in Dissonance [dis'-o-niins) [dissononiire, to
which the bones remain as originally dis- disagree in sound] The combination of such
.
placed. D., Recent, one in which no in- tones a-i arc so dift'erent from each other as
flammatory changes have ensued. D., to produce beats.
Simple, one in which there is no communi- Distal {dis'-/ir/) {disAire, to be at a distance].

cation with the air through a wound. D., lOxtreme ; at the greatest distance from a cen-
Traumatic, that due to injury. tral point; peripheral.
Disodic [di-so'-dik] [<//, two sodium']. Con- ;
Distichiasis {dis-tik-i'-as-is) [('(C. double;
taining two atoms of sodium in the molecule. 07< \(tr, a row]. The condition in which there
Disparate {dis'-fn/r-a/) [^dispnr. unc(iu.il]. is a double row of eyelashes, the inner nib
Not alike; unequal or umnated. D. Points, bing against the globe. See also '/'ri,/ii,isis
nonidentical points of the two retinnc. Dip- and Entropion .
lopia is ]Tioduccd when the images of a single

Distillate [i/is' tit-iit). The product obtained
distillation.
object fall upon such points. by
DISTILLATION DOSAGE
Distillation [(fis-fil-a'-slinii) \_desfi!lare, to Diurnule [di-iirn' -fd) [Fr.]. A form of
diop little hy little]. The process of vapor- medicinal tablet or capsule that contains the
izing and collecting the vapor by condensa- maximum quantity of a toxic drug that may
tion. It is used mainly in purifying liquids be administered in 24 hours.
by separating them from nonvolatile sub- Divergent [di-ver' -jent) \_divergere, to di-
stances. D., Destructive, the decomposi- verge]. Moving in different directions from
tion of a substance in a closed vessel in such a common point. D. Strabismus. See
a manner as to obtain liquid products. D., Strai>is)iiiis.
Fractional, a method of separating sub- Divers' Paralysis. See Caissott-discase.

stances from each other by distilling the mix- Diverticulum (di-ver-tik'-uluni) \diverte>-e,
ture containing them at a gradually increased to turn]. A small pouch or sac springing
temperature, the different substances being from a main structure. D., Meckel's, a
vaporized and collected in the order of their congenital diverticulum of the ileum, the
volatility. remains of the omphalomesenteric duct.
Distoma, or Distomum [dis' -to-mah , dis'- Divulsion \divuhio, a tearing
i^di-vid' -shim')
to-mui/i) double a-d/za, a mouth].
[(5if,
A; apart]. A
tearing asunder.
genus of trematode worms which have an Dobell's Spray, or Solution. Liquor
oral as well as a ventral sucker. sodii boratis compositus (N. F.) a solution ;
Distribution (dis-trib-ii' -shwi) \distribucrc , of borax, sodium bicarbonate, and phenol

The in glycerol and water it is used as a spray
to distribute]. branching of a nerve or ;
artery, and the arrangement of its branches for nasal and throat troubles.
within those parts that it
supplies. Dochmiasis {dok-mV -as-is) [(5(5j///of, crum-
pled]. The diseased condition
Disulphate two
{di-sul' -fat snl- ) {dis, ;
caused by the
phHr\ A sulphate containing one atom of presence in the body of parasites belonging
hydrogen that can be replaced by a base. to thegenus Dochmius. Cf. Ankylostomiasis.
Disulphid (r//-j«/''yf(/) [</«, two; sulphur^. Dochmius duodenalis (dok'-me-tis du-o-
A compound of an element or radicle with See Anchylostotmim duodenale.
den'-al-is).
two atoms of sulphur. Dog's Bane. See- Apocynuni .
Dita Bark {di^-ta/i ) [L.]. The bark of y/A Dogwood [dog^ -7i'ood) See Cornus. .
stonia scholaris, native to the Philippine Dolichos. Same as JMiicutia.

Islands. It is employed as a tonic and anti- Dolichocephalic, or Dolichocephalous
periodic in intermittent fever. Dose of the {dol-ik-o-sef-al' -ik, or -sef'-al-us) [(5o/Q-df,
tincture, f 3 j-ij (4.0-8.0) ; of the fluid ex- long; /CEâZiy, head]. Long-headed; having
tract, gtt.ij-v (0.13-0.32); of the powder,
a relatively long anteroposterior cephalic
v (0.32). Unof. diameter.
gr.
Full of pain.
Dithiosalicylate of Sodium (di-theo-sa-li'- Dolorosus {do-lor-o' -sus) [L.].
sil-dt). See Soditwi. Donda Ndugu [African]. Brother ulcer ;
a
Dithymoldiiodid di- thi- mol- di-i'- -

did). disease common on the east coast of Africa,
(
Aristol. due to some organism that infests stagnant
Dittrich's Plugs. Masses of granular mat- water. It affects especially the leg, which
ter, degenerated epithelium and crystals of the ,
becomes inflamed and swollen, and sloughs
fatty acids in the sputum of putrid
bronchitis. below the healthy tissue.
Diureid {di-yn' -re-id). A compound con- Donovan's Solution. See Arsenic.
taining two molecules of urea.
Dorsad {dor' -sad) {dorsum, the back ; ad,
Diuresis [di-ii-re'-sis] [(?m through ovpkiv, , ; toward]. Toward the dorsal aspect.
to make water]. Increase in the secretion Dorsal {dor' -sal) {dorsum, the back.] Per-
taining to the back, or to the posterior part
f>f
of urine.
Diuretic an organ. D. Artery. See Artery. D.
through ovpkiv,
[di-u-7-et'-ik) [tT/a, ;
to makewater], i. Increasing the flow of Decubitus, recumbency in the supine posi-

urine. 2. An agent that increases the secretion. D. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of.
Dorsalis pedis (dor-sa'-lis pe'-dis). See
tion of urine. D., Alterative, drugs elimin-
ated by the kidney and used for their local Arteries, Table of.
action on the surfaces over which they pass. Dorsispinal {dor-se-spi'-nal) {dorsum, back ;
D., Hydragogue, those that increase the spina, spine]. Relating to the back and the
flow of water from the kidneys. D., Re- spinal column.
frigerant, those that render the urine less
Dorso- {dor' -so-) {dorsum, h&cV].
A prefix
irritating while not greatly increasing
its flow. used to signify pertaining to the back.
Diuretin (di-n' -re-tin), Dorsum (i/w-^-j«w) [L.]. i. The back. 2.
C^H^NaNÔ.,,^?!^-
OHCOONa. Theobromin sodiosalicylate. to the back ; as the
Any part corresponding
It has been found useful as a diuretic in dorsum of the foot, hand, tongue, penis, etc.
pleuritic effusion and cardiac dropsy.
Dose Dosage {do'-sdj) {66aiq, a portion given].
The determination of the proper amount of
90 grains (6.0) daily, in four doses.
GALBANUM GANGLION
volatile oil and a resin the actions those of
Pertaining to G.
scientist]. galvanism.
a stimulant aromatic. Dose gr. xv-xxx Battery. See Battery.
(1.0-2.0). Galvanism {gul' -van-iz/n) \_Galva71i, an Ital-
Galbanum [gaF-ban-um) [Heb. khelbenah,
, ian scientist]. Primary electricity produced
white milk] I. A gum-resin of Ferula by chemic action.
galbaniflua, and F. rubricaulis. It is ex- Galvano- {^gal-van' -0-) [Ga/z'ani, au Italian
pectorant, stimulant, and antispasmodic, and scientist]. A prefix denoting a galvanic or
is useful in chronic bronchitis, amenorrhea, G. -cautery,
primary current of electricity.
and chronic rheumatism. Locally it is em- a form of thermal cautery in which the lieat
in the form of a plaster for indolent
ployed is produced
by a galvanic current. G. -con-
swellings. Dose gr. x-xx (0.65-1.3). tractility, the property of being contractile
G., PH., Comp., now termed Pil. asa- under stimulation by the galvanic current.
fcetidx comp.; each galba-
pill contains G. -faradization, the simultaneous excitation
num gr. jss, myrrh gr. jss, asafetida gr. of a nerve or muscle by both a galvanic and
ss, and syrup. Dose ij-iij. G., Em- a faradic current. G. -puncture, the intro-
plastrum, galbanum 16, turpentine 2, Bur- duction of fine needles that complete an
gundy pitch 6, lead-plaster 76 parts. electric circuit. G. -therapeutics, treat-
Galea [ga'-le-ah) [ga/ea, helmet]. The ment by means of the galvanic current.
aponeurotic portion of the occipito-fron- Galvanometer [gal-van-07n' -el-er') \_Galvani,
talis muscle. an Italian fihpov, a
scientist ;
measure].
Ga\l(ga7a/) [A^., gea//a, hile]. The bile. An instrument used for the qualitative
G. -bladder, the pear-shaped sac on the un- determination of the presence of an electric
der surface of the right lobe of the liver, con- current.
stituting the reservoir for the bile. G.- Galvanoscope [gal-van' -o-s/cdp) [^Galvani,
cyst, the gall-bladder. G. -stones, the con- an Italian scientist aKo-elv, to view].
;
An
cretions occasionally formed in the gall-blad- instrument for detecting the presence and
der and bile-ducts. direction of a galvanic current.
Galla {ga/^;j/i) [L.]. Nut-gall. An ex- Gamboge [gaiu-bdzh'). See Cambogia.
crescence on the leaves of dyer's oak, Quer- Gammacism {gam' -ns-izvC) [gatnniacismtis ;
cus lusitanica, caused by the deposited ova ya/i/ia, the letter G]. Difficulty in pronounc-
of an insect. It contains tannic acid from ing the letters g and k.
10-75 percent., gallic acid 5 per cent. Dose Gamogenesis [gant-ojen' -es-is) [ja«of, mar-
gr. v-xv (0.32-1.0). G., Tinct., 20 per riage ; yevenir, origin].Sexual reproduction.
cent. Dose f^ss-iij (2.0-12.0). G., Un- Gangliform [gang' -g/e /or/n)
-
[)dj-}//oi',
guentum, 10 per cent. See Adi/, Tannic. ganglion; forma, form]. Having the shape
G., Unguentum, cum opio (B.P.), an as- of a ganglion.
tringent and sedative ointment. Ganglion [gang'-gle-on) [}«}}/'.«)i',
a knot].
Gallic Acid [gal'-ik). See Acid, Gallic. I. A well-defined collection of nerve-cells and
Gallipot {ga'l'-e-pot) \0\i gleypot &. galli-
.
, ,
fibers forming a subsidiary nerve center. 2.
pot]. An apothecary's pot for holding oint- An enlarged bursa in connection with a
ments or confections. tendon. G.-cell, the large nerve-cell
Gallon igaF-on') \y<V^.,gaIon ; \^. , congius\. characteristic of the ganglia similar cells ;
A standard unit of volumetric measurement, are found in otherpartsof the nervous system.
having in the United States a capacity of 231 Ganglia, Basal, the ganglia at the base of
cubic inches. the lirain, comprising the corpora striata (c^»'-
Galvanic i^gal-van^-ik) \_Galvani, an Italian date and lenticular nuclei), and optic thalami.
TABLE OF GANGLIA.
Name.
GANGLIA GANGLIA
TABLE OF GK'^Gl.lk.—ConHmied.
Name.
GANGLIA GANGLIA
TABLE OF QXliGV.lk.— Continued.
Name.
GANGLIONIC GANGRENOUS
TABLE OF Gh.^GU.A. — Continued.
Name.
GARGLE GASTROIIYSTEROTOMY
gangrene]. Pertaining to or of the nature of Gastro- [gas'-tro-) [yacri/p, stomach, belly].
gangrene. G. Emphysema. See EJcnia, A prefix denoting relation with the stomach.
Maiigiuint. Gastrocele [gas'-tro-sel) [^ynarr/p, stomach ;
Gargle {g'î'^-gl) [OF., gargoiii/Ier, to gar- ^v//./;, hernia.] A hernia of the stomach.
gle]. A solution used for rinsing the pharynx Gastrocnemius {gas-tro^-ne^-me-us)[^yaaTrip^
and nasopharynx. belly; iivi//t//, leg]. A double-headed mus-
Garlic [gar^-lik). See Alliitm. cle forming the greater part of the calf of
Garrot {gar'-ot) [Fr., garotter, to bind]. the leg.
An instrument for Qompression of an artery Gastrocolic (gas-tro-kol'-ik) [yaarijp, stom-
by twisting a circular bandage about the ach k6aov, the large intestine].
; Pertaining
to the stomach and the colon.
part.
Gas {gaz) [a word coined by the Belgian Gastrocolitis {gas-tro-ko-li' -tis) [yaaTtjp,
chemist, Van Helmont]. An air-like fluid. stomach k6'/ov, colon
; irir, inflammation]. ;
The word is especially applied to those Inflammation of the stomach and colon.
fluids that under normal conditions are Gastrocolpotomy -
gas tro kol-pot' o me)
- - -
(
aeriform while those that can be readily

; [jaarijp, belly; vagina; refiveiv, to
k6'a'7vo^,
condensed to liquids are termed vapors. cut]. The operation of Cesarean section
G., Laughing, nitrous oxid. G., Marsh, in which the ojiening is made through the
methane. Olefiant, ethylene.
G., G., linea alba into the upper part of the vagina.
Permanent, a term formerly ajiplied to Gastrodiaphane [gns-tro-di'-af-dn) \jaari/p,
those gases, as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, stomach; (5/a, through; (paivciv, to show].
that -vere thought nonliquefiable. See Gastrodiaphany.
Gaseous [gaz'-e-us) [see Gas]. Of the na- Gastrodiaphany [gas-fro-di-af'-an-e) [yaa-
ture of a gas. rijp, stomach (ha, through (paivEiv, to
; ;
Gasserian Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table show]. A method of exploration of the

'if-
stomach by means of an electric lamp known
Gasser's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. as the gastrodiaphane.
Gastero- [gai'-ltr-o-) \jaa-rifi, belly]. See Gastroduodenal [gas-iro-du-o-de^-nal) [}n<T-
Gasfro-. rijp, stomach ; diiodeni, twelve each].
Per-
Gastralgia {gas-trnl'-Je-ak ) [ynaTr/p, stom- taining to the stomach and the duodenum.
acli <y/)o<;, pain].
; Paroxysmal pain in the Gastroduodenitis ( gas - tro - dit - od- en-i'-tis)
stomach. [jaarijp, stomach ; diiodeiii, twelve each ;
Gastrectomy [gas- trek^ -to- ?ne) [yaarfip, iTi^, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
stomach eKro/i//, a cutting out].
;
Excision stomach and duodenum.
of tlie whole or a part of the stomach. Gastrodynia [gas-tro-din' -e-ali) [âarfjp,
Gastric {gas^-l?-il^) [jaari/p, stomach]. Per- stomach ; rnVvv)/, pain]. Pain in the stom-
taining to the stomach. G. Artery. See ach.
Arteries, Table of. G. Crisis, a severe, par- Gastroenteritis [gas-tro-en-ter-i'-tis) [;n(T-
oxysmal attack of pain in the stomach, ac- T7jp, Stomach ivrtpov, bowel
; tri^, inflam- ;
Inflammation of stomach and

companied by obstinate vomiting, occurring mation].
in the course of locomotor ataxia. G. Juice, bowels.
the secretion of the glands of the stomach. Gastroenterostomy [gas- tro -enter-os' -to-
It is a clear, colorless liquid, having an acid me) [jorrr/}/),
stomach
ivrepov, bowel; 0x6- ;
reaction and a specific gravity of 1002.5, pa, mouth]. The formation of a communi-
and containing five per cent, of solid matter. cation between the stomach and the small
A small amount of hydrochloric acid, 0.2 to intestine.
0.4 cent. and a ferment called pepsin, are

per ,
Gastroenterotomy [gas-tro-en-ter-of -o-iiie)
the essential elements. It digests proteids belly
[}«f7r?//), tvTfpov, bowel; Ttjivtiv, to
;
and precipitates the casein of milk. cut]. Incision of the intestines through the
Gastritis {gas-tri' -lis) lyaari/p., stomach;
abdominal wall.
inflammation].
i-Tig, Inflammation of the Gastroepiploic [gas-tro-ep-ip-lo' -ik) [}n<j-//p,
stomach. It may be acute or chronic ca- ; stomach; (-lt:7.oov, caul]. Pertaining to
the stomach and omentum.
tarrhal, suppurative or phlegmonous, or diph-
theric. G., Atrophic, a chronic furm Gastrohepatic [gas-tro-he-pat'-ik^ [jofrrz/p,
with atrophy of the mucous membrane. G., stomacli ; i]~ap, the liver]. Relating to the
Hypertrophic, the early stage of chronic stomach and liver.
gastritis in which there is a hyperplasia

of Gastrohysterectomy [gastro-his-ter-ek' -to-
the mucous membrane. G. polyposa, a me) [yaoTt/p, the belly; mrfpn,
the womb;
a a Removal of the
form of chronic gastritis characterized by tKTOiiij, cutting out].
of the Connective tissue of uterus through the abdominal wall.
great overgrowth
the organ, giving rise to polypoid projections Gastrohysterotomy (•;as-rro/iist,r-or' nu)
of fibrous tissue covered by epithelium. belly; ia-r pa, wovnh; refivtiv, to
[jaoT-///!,
GASTROINTESTINAL GELSEMIUM
cut].
uterus through the
Incision of the belly]. The process of formation of the
abdominal wall, usually for the purpose of gastrula by the invagination of the blastula.
removing a fetus. Gathering [AS., givJrian, to gather]. A
Gastrointestinal {ga s-t r o-i n-t e s'-t i n-a I ) collection of pus beneath the surface.
[; (1(17///),
stomach intestine\.
; Pertaining to Gaucher's Disease (^go
-
shdz). So-called
the stomach and intestine. primary epithelioma of the spleen.
Gastrolith {gas'-tro-lith) [}a(Tr/;p, stomach; Gaultheria ( gaivl-tlie' -re ah). Wintergreen,
Mt)o^, a stone]. A calcareous formation in teaberry. The plant, G. procumljens, the
the stomach. leaves of which yield .a volatile oil, oleum
Gastromalacia [^gas-tro-mal-a' -se-a)i) l^/aa- gaultherire,which contains 90 per cent, of
r///), stomach â/aw'ra, softening].
;
An ab- methyl salicylate, and is used in acute rheu-
normal softening of the walls of the stomach. matism, and as a local antjseplic. Dose of
Gastromelus [gas-troi?i^-el-us) [}tti7r///j, belly; oleum gaultheria; irLiij-x (o 2-0.65). Spir-
fuAur, limb]. A monster with accessory itus gaultheriae consists of oil of gaultheria
limbs attached to the abdomen. 5, alcohol 95 parts. It is used chiefly as a
Gastropathy [gas-trop'-ath-t') [}'rt(Tr;/p,

stom- flavoring agent. Dose TTLx-xx 0.65-I.3 .
ach ; 7rti'^(»;, disease]. Any disease or dis- Gauze gaw.)( [so called because first imported
order of the stomach. ixo\\\Gaza in Palestine]. A thin, open-meshed
Gastrophrenic [gas-tro-fren^-ik) \_yaaT)]p, cloth ustd {ox surgical dressings. When im-
stomach; ippijv, diaphragm]. Relating to pregnated with antiseptic substances it is
the stomach and diaphragm. called antiseptic gauze, or, according to the
Gastrorrhagia {gas-tro-ra/-e-ak) lyaar/'/p, substance used, it is spoken of as iodoform-
stomach; jvjyviwai, to break forth]. Hem- gauze, suMimnte-gauze etc.
orrhage from the stomach. Ciavage [gav-ahzh') [Fr]. The administra-

Gastrorrhaphy [gas-tror' -a-fi) [}ac7ryp, tion of li([uid nourishment through the stom-
stomach; imipij, suture]. Suture of a wound ach-tube.
of the stomach or abdominal wall. Gay-Lussac's Laws. See Laiv.
Gastrorrhea [gas-tror-e'-ah) \_yaarijp, stom- Gelatin (y£7'''rt/-/«) [ ^'(7(7 r^,
to congeal]. An
ach /Vj/a, a How].
;
Excessive secretion of albuminoid substance of jelly-like consistence,
mucus or gastric juice in the stomach. obtained by boihng connective tissue in water.
Gastroschisis [gas-tros'-kis-is)[yn(3-iip, belly; G., Bone, the gelatin extracted from osseous
axioii, cleft]. A
congenital malformation tissue. G. Capsules, capsules of gelatin de-
in which tne abdomen remains open. signed for containing meilicines of nauseating
Gastroscope [gas'-tro-skup) [jncr-z/p,
stom- taste. G. Culture-medium, a culture me-
ach; (7/,0-rir, to see]. An instrument for dium for bacteria containing from 8 to 15 per
examining the interior of the stomach. cent, of gelatin, in order to give it a solid
Gastroscopy stom- consistence. G., Medicated, gelatin-discs,

{gas-tros^-ko-pe) [}rt(77-y/),
ach ;anonslv, to see]. The inspection of or Lamella (B.P. ), containing traces of al-
the interior of the stomach by means of the kaloids, for introduction into the conjunc-
gastroscope. tival sac. They are dissolved by the tears,
Gastrosplenic [gas-tro-splen^-ik) \_yaGrl]p, the effects of the alkaloids being tluis ob-
stomach; GKAijv, spleen]. Relating to the tained.
stomach and the spleen. Gelatiniferous {jel-at-in-if'-ei--iis) \_gelatiiia,
Gastrostenosis {gas-tro-ste-no' -sis) [yaar^p, gelatin ; ferre, to bear]. Producing gelatin.
stomach arevoc, narrow].
;
A narrowing or Gelatinize [jel'-at-iii-'iz) [^gelatina, gelatin].
stricture of the stomach. To convert into a jelly-like mass.
Gastrostomy [gas-fros'-'o-nie) \_y
an rfip, siom- Gelatinous {jel-af -in-iis) \_gelatiiia,^€[vX\n\.
ach ; (Tr(j/(a, mouth]. The establishing of a Resembling or having the nature of gelatin.
fistulous opening into the stomach. Gelose {jel'-oz) \_geiare, to freeze]. The
Gastrotomy [gas-trot'-o-iit,-) {jnarfjp, stom- gelatinizing principle of agar-agar.
ach; Tf/zvEH', to cut]. Incision of the abdo- Gelsemium {jel-sem'-e-iiDi) [gelseminiim,
men or the stomach. jasmine]. Yellow jasmine. The njot of G.
Gastroxia, Gastroxynsis {^gas-troks' -e-ah, sempervirens, the properties of which are
gas troks in' -sis) [yaorijp, stomach oî%,
- -
; mainly due to a bitter alkaloid, gelsemin, C,,
acid]. Excessive secretion of hydrochloric HjgNO,, a powerful motor depressant, anti-
acid by the stomach, a condition that spasmodic, and diaphoretic. In toxic doses
characterizes a form of dyspepsia. it
produces diplopia, extreme muscular weak-
Gastrula [gas' -tm-lah) [;n(7r/;p, belly]. The ness, and anesthesia, death occurring from
embryo at that stage of its development asphyxia. Gelsemium is used in neuralgia,
when it consists of two cellular layers formed especially in migraine, in dysmenorrhea,
by the invagination of the blastula. hysteria, chorea, delirium tremens, and in
Gastrulation iygas-irii-la' -shun) \_yacTijp,
malarial and typhoid fevers. G., Ext.,
GEMELLUS GERM
Alcoholic (B. P.). Dose gr. X->^ (o-Ol6- hyoglossus Muscle, ^ce Afuscles, Tableof.
0.032). G., Ext., Fid. Dose TTLij-xx G.-hyoid Muscle. See Muscles, Table of.
(0.13-1.3). G., Tinct. Dose n\,x (0.65). Genital [jen'-ital) [genitalis,
pertaining to
Gelsemin. Dose gr. qV~2V (0.001-0.003). generation, from gignere, to beget]. Per-
Gemellus [^jem cl'-us) [dim. of goninus, taining to the organs of generation or to re-
twin]. Applied to one of two muscles, G. production. G. Eminence, or Tubercle, an
superior and G. inferior; also to the gastroc- elevation appearing about the sixtii week of
nemius muscle on account of its two heads embryonic life, in front of the cloaca, and
of origin. from which the penis or clitoris is
developed.
Gemmation (^jem-a^-s/iun) [genit/iair, to put G. Furrow, a furrow extending from the
gen-
forth buds]. Budding; a mode of reproduc- ital eminence of the
embryo to the cloaca.
tion seen in low forms of animal and vege- Genitalia {jen-it-a'-le-ah)\_genilalis, pertain-
tallife, and characterized by the formation ing to generation; from gignere, to beget].
of a small projection from the parent-cell, The organs of generation. In the male these
which becomes constricted off and forms an consist of two testicles or seminal glands,
independent individual. with their excretory ducts, the prostate, the
Gemmule {jem' -iil)\_gfmmula, dim.ofgemvia, penis, and the urethra. The female genitals
a hutl]. A small bud. include the vulva, the vagina, the ovaries,
Genera {jen'-er-ah) [L.]. Plural of Genus. the Fallopian tubes, and the uterus.
-General [Jen^-er-al) \_genus, race]. Common Genito- [;en'-it-o-) [gignere, \.o beget]. A
to I. class distributed through many parts ;
; prefix denoting connection with or relation to
diffuse. G. Anatomy, anatomy of the tis- the genital organs. G. -crural. See A'it/tcj,
sues in general, as distinguished from special Table of. G. -urinary, relating to the geni-
anatomy, that dealing with special organs. talia and the urinary organs.
G. Paralysis, or Paresis. See Paralysis, Gentian {^jen^-she-an) [gentiana, gentian].
General. G. Pathology. See Pathology. The root of G. lutea, containing a neutral
Generation {jen-era'-shuri) \generare, to be- bitter principle, gentiopicrin, C2„H3„0|2, and
I. The act of begetting ofispring. 2. gentianin, or gentisin, (-',^11,^05. There are
get].
A period extending from the birth of an in- several other species of gentian (G. purpurea,
dividual to the birth of his offspring, usually G. catesbcei), very similar in action to G.
estimated at a third of a century. G., Alter- lutea. Gentian is an excellent tonic, simple
nate, the alternation of asexual with sexual bitter. G., Ext. Dose gr. j-v (0.065-
generation in the same species of animals or 0.32); dose of the British extract gr.
plants, the offspring of one process differing ij-x (0.13-0.65). G., Ext., Fid. Dose
from that of the other. G., Asexual, re- f3;ss-j (2.0-4.0). G., Infusum, Comp.,
production without previous union of two unof. Dose f.^j-f.^j (4-0-32.0). G.,
sexual elements reproduction by fission or
; Tinct., Comp. Dose fgss-ij (2.0-8.0).
gemmation. G., Organs of, those that are G. -violet, a basic anilin -dye, staining tissues
functional in reproduction. G., Sexual, re- violet.
production by the union of a male and female Genu {jY-nu) [genu, the knee]. I. The
element. G., Spontaneous, the generation knee. 2. Any structure bent like a knee,
of living from nonliving matter. as the genu of the corpus callosum, or

Genesial, Genesic {je>i-e^-ze-al, jen-e'-sic)
of the optic tract. G. extrorsum, out-
\jkvzcnr, origin]. Pertaining to generation. knee outward bowing of the knee bow-leg.
; ;
Genesis (yi:'«^-c-^-M)[>ei'£(T(C, production].

Be- G. -pectoral, relating to the knee and the
getting; development; origin; formation; chest. G. recurvatum, theliackward curva-
generation. ture of the knee-joint. G. valgum, inward
Genetic {jen-ef -ik) [)fi'f(T/f, generation]. curving of the knee; knock-knee; in-knee.
Pertaining to generation producing.
;
G. varum. Same as G. e.vtrorsum.
Genial ( je'-ne-al) \_-/evelov, chin]. Pertaining Geophagism {je-off'-aj-izni) [};/, earth;
to the chin. G. Tubercles, four prominent <t>a}ih', to eat]. The practice of eating earth
tubercles on the internal surface of the lower or clay.
jaw. Geranium {je-ra'-ne-uni) [jfpai/oi', gera-
Geniculate, Geniculated {jen-ik'-u-ldt, -<?</) nium]. Cranesbill-root. The root of G.
\_gcnit, tlie knee]. Abruptly bent. G. maculatum, the properties of which are due
to tannic and gallic acids. It is an astring-
Bodies, the coqiora geniculata two oblong, ;
flattened bodies, the external and internal O. ent, useful in diarrhea, etc. G., Ext., Fid.
bodies, on the posterior inferior part of the Dosef^ss-j (2.0-40).
Gerdy, Fibers of. transverse band of
optic thalamus. G. Ganglion. See Ganglia,
.\
Table of.
fibers supjiorting the web ol the fmgcrs.
Genio- the chin].
{je^-ne-o-') \_yiveu>v,
A jire- Gerlier's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.
fix denoting connection with the chin. G.- Germ yjenii) \V.., gertneu, sprig, offshoot].
20
GERMAN GLAIRIN
I. A portion
of matter capable of developing giant; /SZaoroc, a germ] A large nucleated
.
into a living organism a spore, seed, or ;

red corpuscle, found in the blood in per-
embryo. 2. A bacterium. G.-area, the nicious anemia.
spot on an ovum where the development

of Gimbernat's Ligament. See Ligament.
the embryo begins.G. -epithelium, a thick- Gin (yV«) \_0¥. genevre, , juniper]. Common
ening on the ventromesial aspect of the Wolf- grain-spirit distilled and flavored with juniper-
fian bodv, giving rise to the male and female berries. It is a stimulant and diuretic.
sexual elements. G. -layer, any one of the Spiritus juniperi compositus is its official sub-
layers of a developing embryo. G. -plasm, stitute in U. S. P. G. -drinker's Liver.
the reproductive or hereditary substance of The liver of atrophic cirrhosis.
living organisms,which is passed on from the Ginger [jin^-jer). See Zingiber.

germ-cell in which an organism originates in Gingiva {jin-ji' -vah) [L.]. The gum; the
direct continuity to the germ-cells of succeed- vascular tissue surrounding the necks of the
teeth and covering the alveoli.
ing generations. G. -theory, the doctrine of
the origin of every organism from a germ or Gingival [ji?i'-jiv-al) \_gingiva, the gum].
germ-plasm also the theory that certain dis-
; Pertaining to the gums. G. Line, a line
eases are due to the development of micro- along the gums, seen in chronic metallic
organisms in the body. poisoning, as the blue line of lead.
German ( /o-'-mav) [_Gt'rm(7n!is, German]. Gingivitis { jin -jiT i^-tis) [giitQiz'a, the
-
Pertaining to Germany. G. Measles. See gum; «r(f, inflammation]. Inflammation of

Rubeola. the gums.
Germicidal [jer'- mis -i- dal) \^germen, a Ginglymus (ging^-g/iw-us). See Diarthrosis.
germ; c<pdere.,io killj. Destroying germs. Ginseng jin'-seng) [Chinese, jinfsan, gin-
(
Germicide [ji'r^- inis-id) [fêrjmn, germ; seng]. The root of several species of Panax
ucdere, to kill].
An agent that destroys or Aralia. It has no other medicinal vir-
tues than those of a demulcent, but it has a
germs.
Germinal {jer^ntin-al) \_germen, a germ]. wonderful reputation in China, to which
Pertaining to a germ or to the development country most of it is exported.
of a tissue or organ. G. Area, a round spot Giraldensian Organ or Organ of Giraldes.
upon one side of the vitelline membrane in Irregular tubules lying in the convolutions
which the development of the embryo begins. of the epididymis. I'hey are the atrophic
G. Disc. See Disr. G. Membrane, the remains of the tubes of the Wolfiian body.
blastoderm. G. Spot, the nucleolus of the Girdle (gir'-dl) \_t^?)., gyrdel, z. waisthand].
ovule. G. Vesicle, the blastodermic vesicle. A band designed to go around the body a ;
Germination {jer-inin a'-shun) \_gfnnina- structure resembling a circular belt or band.

tio, sprouting, budding]. Sprouting of a G.-pain, a sensation as if a girdle were
seed or spore. drawn tightly around the body. G., Pelvic,
Gerontoxon [jer-on-toks'-on') [yspuv,
an old the bones (the two ossa innominata) form-
man rofoi',
;
a bow]. The areas senilis. ing the support for the lower limbs. G. -sen-
Gestation \_gestare, to bear].
(^jesta' -shioi)
sation. Same as G.-pain. G., Shoulder-,
Pregnancy. G., Abdominal, the form the system of bones supporting the ujiper
of extrauterine gestation in which the limbs or arms.
product of conception is
developed in the Gizzard (gis^-a/d) [1^., gigeria, the cooked
abdominal cavity. G., Double. I. Twin entrails of poultry]. The strong muscular
pregnancy. 2. The coexistence of uterine stomach of birds used for triturating the foo'l.
and extrauterine pregnancy. G., Ectopic. A proprietary substance, ingluvin, prepared
Same as G., G., Extra-
Extrauterine. from it, has been used in dyspepsia.
uterine, pregnancy in which the product of Glabella (gla-bel' -a/i) [dim. of glaber,
conception is not contained in the uterine smooth]. The smooth triangular space be
cavity. tween the eyebrows, just above the root of
Giant {ji'-aut) [>'}«?, giant]. A being or the nose.
organism of great size. G.-cell. See Cell. Glacial {gIa'-she-al^\_glacies,\Qe'\. Icy; re-
Gibbosity [gil>-os^-it-e) \_gil>bus, a hump]. sembling ice in appearance, as glacial acetic
The condition of being hump-backed. or phosphoric acid.
Gibbous [gib'-us) \_gibbus, 3i\\M\r\^'\. Hump- Gladiolus {glad-e-o'-his) [dim. of gladius, a
backed. sword]. The middle or second piece of the
Gibson's Bandage. A bandage for fracture sternum.
of the lower jaw. Glairin {gidr'-in) [OF., glaire. the white of
Giddiness [gid'-e-nes) [JSi¥.. gidi, dizzy]. , egg, from darns, clear]. A peculiar organic,
A sensation of whirling or unsteadiness of gelatinous substance found on the surface of
the body vertigo.
;
some thermal waters. It is also called bare-
- -
Gigantoblast [ji-gan' to blast) [} '} "f> gin.
GLAIRY GLANDULAR
Glairy (g/ar^-e) [OF., glah-e, the white of the breast. G., Mucous, the glands in
egg, from clarus, clear]. Slimy; albumin- mucous membranes, secreting mucus. G.,
ous. Parotid, a large salivary gland situated in
Gland i. An organ which
\_glans, an acorn], front of the ear. G., Peyer's, a well-de-
secretes something essential to the system or fined collection of solitary lymphatic glands,
excretes waste materials the retention of varying in length from I to 4 inches, and
which would be deleterious to the body. The situated chiefly in the ileum. G., Pituitary,
word is also applied to structures which a term for the hypophysis of the brain.
were formerly thought to secrete, as the supra- G., Prostate. See Prostate Gland. G.,
renal capsules, the pineal gland, etc., but Pyloric, the glands of the stomach situated
which have no vijîble secretion. In structure near the pylorus and secreting pepsin. G.^
glands may be tubular or racemose, simple or Racemose, a gland composed of a number
compound. 2. The bulbous end of the of acini communicating with several excretor)'
jienis and clitoris. G., Absorbent. See ducts, which usually join to form a common
G., Lymphatic. G., Accessory Thy- duct. G., Rivini's. See C, Subtingunl.
roid, a small m.ass of gland tissue connected G., Salivary, a gland that secretes saliva.
with the thyroid gland. G., Acinous. See G., Sebaceous, the glands in the corium
G., Racemose. G., Agminated. See G., of the skin, secreting sebum. G.. Seminal,
Peyer' s. G., Axillary, the lymph-glands the testicle. G., Serous, a secreting gland,
situated in the axilla. G. of Bartholin, a the cells of which are granular and spiieric
small „land on eitherside of the vagina, open- in form, with central nuclei, and which se-
ing through a duct, on the inner side of the crete a thin watery fluid. G., Sublingual,
nynipha; the vulvovaginal gland. G., Blood. the smallest of the salivary glands, situated
See 6'., Hematopoietic. G., Bronchial, the one on either side beneath the tongue. G.,
lymjih-glands of the root of the bronchi. Submaxillary, a salivary gland situated
G., Brunner's, the racemose glands found below the angle of the jaw. G., Sudor-
in the wall of the duodenum. G., Ceru- iparous, the convoluted glands the skin
minous, the glands secreting the ceru- that secrete the sweat. G., Thymus. See
men of the ear. G., Cervical, the lymph- Thvmus. G., Thyroid. See Thyroid. G.,
glands of the neck. G., Coccygeal (or Tubular, a gland having a tube-like struct-
Luschka's G.), a small vascular body at the ure. G., Tubular, Compound, one com-
tip of the coccyx. G., Compound, one composed of a num!)er of small tubules with a
])osed of a number of small pouches
a gland single duct. G., Urethral. See 6'. c/V-
///;(».
;
the duct of which is branched. G., Con- G., Vaginal, one of the glands in the vaginal
globate. See C. Lymphatic.
, G., Duct- mucous membrane. G., Vulvovaginal. See
G. of Bartholin.
less, a gland without a duct, as the supra-
renal capsule. In reality ductless glands are Glanderous ( glan' -der-us') \^glans, acorn].
not true glands. G., Duodenal. See G., Affected with glanders.
Brunner's. G., Duverney's. See G. of Bar- Glanders {glan'-derz) \^glans,^cox\\\
A con-
tholin. G., Hematopoietic, the so-called tagious disease of horses and asses, but com-
in the municaVjle to man, and due to the bacillus of
glands that are supposed to take part
It ajipears in
formation of the blood, as the spleen, thymus, glanders or bacillus mallei.
suprarenal capsules, etc. G., Intestinal,
—
two forms as glanders proper, when aflect-
ing the mucous membranes, and
as farcy,
Solitary, the isolated lymph-glands distrib-
uted through the intestinal mucous membrane. when limited to the skin and lymphatic
G., Lacrymal, a compound racemose gland glands. On mucous membranes, especially
in the upper and outer portion of the orbit, the the nasal, it manifests itself as isolated nodules
function of which is to secrete the tears. G. which coalesce and break down into deep
of Lieberkiihn. See Crypts of LiebcrkUhn. ulcers that involve the cartilages and bones.
G. of Littre (or of Morgagni), the small It is apt to extend down to the lungs and
racemose muciparous glands in the mucous give rise to suppuration

and pneumonic
membrane of the urethra. G., Luschka's. processes. In man the disease usually
See G., Coccygeal. G., Lymphatic, small runs an acute, febrile course, tyj^hoid in
oval masses of lymphatic tissue in the course type, and terminates fatally. Farcy is char-
of lymphatic vessels. Their functions are to £icterized bynodules (farcy-buds) in the
skin and glands, which break
act as filters to the blood, retaining foreign lymphatic
also to form white corpuscles. down into irregular chronic ulcers.
particles, and A
{gland'- u
little
G., Mammary, the glands that secrete Glandula la h) [L.].
milk. G., Meibomian, the minute seba- gland.
ceous follicles between the cartilage and Glandular (gland'-u-lar) [glandula, a little
or of the n.ilurc of, a

conjunctiva of the eyelids. G., Montgom- gland]. Relating to,
of the areola of gland.
ery's, the sebaceous glands
GLANS GLOMERULUS
Glans [glanz) \_glans, an acorn]. An acorn- mor]. A tumor composed of neuroglia-cells
shaped body. G. clitoridis, the rounded and occurring in the brain, spinal cord, retina,
end of the clitoris analogous to the glans nerves, and suprarenal capsules. In the
penis of the male. G. penis, the conical- brain it closely resembles the brain-substance,
shaped body forming the head of the penis. but is usually more gelatinous and darker.
Glass (,i,V(K) [A.S., ^'/(t-j-, glass]. 1. A brit- In the retina it is often combined with sar-
tle, hard, transparent substance, consisting coma (gliosarcoma). It may also be com-
usually of the fused amorphous silicates of bined with fibroma, myxoma, and neuroma.
potassium and calcium, or sodium and cal- The last combination is known as neurogli-
cium, with an excess of silica. 2. Any arti- oma ganglionare.
cle made from glass. G., Crown, a very Gliomatosis [gli-o-»iat-o^-sis) \_)'/.ia, glue;
hard glass, is a silicate of sodium and cal- ofiu, atumor]. The development of exuberant
cium. G., Flint, that composed of lead and masses of glioma like tissue in the nerve -
potassium silicates. G., Soluble, potassium centers. It is seen in the

spinal cord in some
or sodium silicate, used as a substitute for cases of syringomyelia.
plaster of Paris. Gliomatous {g/i-o^-maZ-us) l_yAia, glue; b/tn,
Glasses {gius^-es) [AS., gl(Es, glass]. A a tumor]. Of the nature of, or affected
synonym of spectacles or eye-glasses. G., with, glioma.
Bifocal, those that have a difiterent refract- Glisson's Capsule. See Capsule.
ing poviêr in the upper part from that in the Globin {glo'-bin') \_globus, a globe]. A pro-
lower. G., Prismatic, those formed of from hemoglobin.
teid derived
prisms used in insufliciency and paralysis of
; Globule [glob' ul) [dim. of globus, a ball].
the ocular muscles. A small spheric particle, as a blood-cor-
Glauber's Salt { glazu' -berz) [from Glauhe7-, puscle or lymph-corpuscle. Also a small
a German chemist]. Sodium sulphate. pill or pellet.
Glaucoma {^glaw ko' mah') [}?.,fn«df, sea-
- -
Globulicidal ( glob-ii-lis-i'-dal) \_globuliis, a
green
•
•"«(,, tumor]. A disease of the eye little ball ; ccedere, to kill]. Destructive to
characterized by heightened intraocular ten- the blood-corpuscles.
sion, resulting in hardness of the globe, ex- Globulin (glob'-u-lin) S^globulus, a little ball].
cavation of the papilla or optic disc, a re- I. A
general name for various proteids com-
striction of the field of vision, corneal anes-
prising globulin, vitellin, paraglobulin, or
thesia, colored halo about lights, and lessen- serum globulin, fibrinogen, myosin, and glo-
ing of visual power that may proceed to bin, which differ from the albumins in not
blindness. The etiology is obscure. G. being soluble in water, but soluble in dilute
absolutum, or consummatum, the com- neutral saline solutions. These solutions
pleted glaucomatous process when the eye- are coagulated by heat, and precipitated by
ball is
exceedingly hard and totally blind. a large amount of water. 2.
Specifically,
G. haemorrhagicum, or apoplecticum, a proteid found in the crystalline lens.
that associated with retinal hemorrhage. G., Globulinuria {glob-u-lin-u' -re-ah) \_globiiltis,
Secondary, that conse(|uent upon other ocu- a little ball ovpov, urine].
; The presence
lar diseases. G. simplex, that form without of globulin in the urine.
inflammatory symptoms. Globus {glo'-bus) [L. ]. A ball or globe.
Glaucomatous [glaiv-kom'-at-us) [jv'.awdf, G. hystericus, the "lump" or choking sen-
sea-green]. Affected with or pertaining to sation occurring in hysteria, caused probably
glaucoma. by spasmodic contraction of the esophageal
Gleet {glet) [AS., glidan, to glide]. The and pharyngeal muscles. G. major, the
chronic stage of urethritis characterized by larger end or head of the epididymis. G.
a slight mucopurulent discharge. minor, the lower end of the epididymis.
G\z&Xy {gle'-te) [AS., ^//rt'rtw, to glide]. Re- Glomerate { glom' - er - at") \^glomerare, to
sembling the discharge of gleet. wind around]. Rolled together like a ball
Glsnard's Disease. See Diseases, Table of . of thread.
Qi\^r\oxdi [gle'-uoid^ a cavity f/VVof,
[;/;/i';7, ; Glomerulitis [ghm-er-u-W -tis) \^ glomerulus,
form]. Having a shallow cavity resembling ;
a small ball; iriQ, inflammation]. Inflam-
a shallow cavity or socket. G. Cavity, the mation of the glomeruli of the kidney.
depression in the scapula for the reception of Glomerulonephritis [glom-er-u-lo-nef-ri^-
the head of the humerus. G. Fossa, a de- /is) \_glonierulus, a littleball vc(Pji6^, the
;
pression in the temporal bone for articulation kidney; iriq, inflammation]. Inflammation
with the condyle of the lower jaw. of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney.
Glia (gli'-ah) \y\la, glue]. 'I'he neuroglia. Glomerulus, or Glomerule [glom-er'ulus,
Gliadin {gli'-ad-i)i) [}A/a, glue]. A proteid or gloni'-er-ul) [dim. oi glomus, ahaW]. i.
found in wheat-gluten. A small rounded mass. 2. A coil of blood-
Glioma (^gli-o'-ma/t) [jA/a, glue; 6//a,
a tu- vessels
projecting into the
expanded end
GLONOIN GLYCERITE
(Bowman's capsule) of each uriniferous tubule It can be obtained from starch by the action
and with it
composing the Malpighian body. of diastatic ferments, or by boiling with dilute
Glonoin [glo'-no-in) [from Gl glyceryl = ; miticral acids, and crystallizes in nodular
()=r oxygen; N
^= nitrogen, in the formula masses, melting at 86° K. 2. A generic name
G1().,{N6.J3, '" which Gl stands for gly- for a class of carbohydrates having the com-
ceryl]. Nitroglycerin. position Cgn,./)^, and of which ordinary
Glossal {glos^-al) [yluaaa, tongue]. Per- glucose is the type.
taining to the tongue. Glucosid (glu'-ko-sid) [}/i'Krr, sweet]. Any
Glossalgia [g/os-al'-Je-a/i) \j7.u>aaa, tongue; member of a series of comjiounds that may be
nA)or, pain]. Pain in the tongue. resolved by an acid into glucose and another
Glossitis [glos-i'-tis) \j'A(oaaa, tongue ltiq, ; principle. The more important ones are
inflammation]. Inflammation of the tongue. amygdalin, arbutin, myronic acid, and salicin.
Glossoepiglottidean i^glos-o-ep-e-glot-ui' -e- QHmzosvo. [glu'-ko-siti) [}/i'K/r, sweet]. Any
itn) [}>.(ifTCTrt, tongue; (Ki, upon; yluTTi^, one of a series of bases obtained by the ac-
glottis]. Pertaining to both tongue and tion of amnu>nia on glucose.
epiglottis. Glue {glu) [Low \.., glu/eni, accws. oi glus,
Glossograph {glos'-o-graf) [y/twaca, tongue; glue]. An impure gelatin prepared by boil-
}l)n(j>tn\ to write]. An instrument for regis- ing the skin, hoofs, and horns of animals.
tering the movements of the tongue in speech. It is a very adhesive substance, and when
Glossohyal [glos-o-/ii'-al) \^'Ao)aG<i, tongue; cold, holds llrmly together the surfaces be-
the hvoid bone].
!:ori()//r, Pertaining to the tween which it is placed.
tongue and the hyoid lione. Gluge's Corpuscles (glU'-gez) [Gluge, a
Glossolabiolaryngeal Paralysis {ghs-o-la- professor of University of Brussels].
the
lie-o-hr-iii'-Je-al). See Palsy, Bulbar. Compound granular corpuscles compound ;
Glossology [glos-oF-o-je) [jAuaaa, tongue ; granule-cells occurring in tissues that are the
'/(I) or, a treatise]. A
treatise concerning the seat of fatty degeneration.
tongue. Glutamic Acid {glu-tam'-i/c), C^HyNO^. A
Glossopathy {^glos-op^-alh-e')\j'Auaaa, tongue; crystalline acid found in gluten and other
rrdttnc, disease]. Any disease of the tongue. proteids.
-
Glossopharyngeal {glos-o -Jar in' je - al)
-
Glutaric Acid {gli<-tar'-il:), C^\\Jî^. A
[}>(ji7rr(;, tongue; pharynx]. I.
(fxipvy^, crystalline acid found in decomposed ]nis.
Pertaining to the tongue and the pharynx. Gluteal {gli(-h''-al) [}/()irof, the buttock].
2. Pertaining to the glossopharyngeal nerve. Pertaining to the buttocks. G. Artery. See
-
Glossophytia {glos o-Jt'-tc-ali) [^)luaaa, Arteries, Table of. G. Muscles. See Mus-
tongue; tpvrov, a plant]. A dark discolora- cles, Table of. G. Nerve. See Aêrres,
tion of the tongue, due to the accumulation I'ableof. G. Reflex, 'iac Rejlexes, Table of.
of spores and dead epithelium black tongue. ;
Gluten [glu'-ten] [glulen, glue]. nitrog- A
Glossoplegia [glos-o- pie'- je-ah) [}'/<')naa,
enous substance found in the seed of cereals.
tongue; Paralysis of the It consists mainly of gluten-fibrin, gluten-

irAriyfi, stroke].
tongue. casein, gliadin, and mucedin. G. -bread,
Glossospasm {glos'
-
o -
spazvi) [} ^wrrirn,
bread made from wheat-flour from which all
tongue; a~naji6(;, spasm]. Spasm of the the starch has been removed ; it is used as a
tongue. substitute for ordinary l)read in diabetes.
Glossy Skin. A
peculiar shining condition Gluteofemoral glule-ofe///'-or-al )[)'/ ovrof,
(
of the skin, due to trophic changes following the buttock femur, the femur].
; Relating
injury or disease of the cutaneous nerves. to the buttock and the thigh.
Glottis (glot'-is) [)/(jrnV, glottis]. The Gluteus {glute'-tis) [i/loi-rof, the liuttock].
sjiace between the vocal bands. One of the large muscles of the buttock.
Glove-area. The area of anesthesia of the See A/useles, Table of.
fingers, hand, and forearm, in multiple neu- Glutin (i,'7«'-//«). I. See Gelatin. 2. Syn-
ritis. It the region of skin to onym of gluten-casein. See Gluten.
corresponds
covered V)y gloves of various lengths. Glyceiid {glis'-er- ill) [)/ii'Kf/)df, sweet]. A
Glovers' Stitch. The continuous suture used compound of glycerol and an acid ;
the neu-
csjjccially in repairing wounds of the intes-

tral fats arc glycerids.
tines. Glycerin, Glycerinum (glis'eriti,g'iser-i'-

Glucose sweet]. I. See Glwerol.
(glu'-l'os) [)'?,jm'f, sweet], C|,II|./^,;. nin>i) [}/lmif,
I. A form of sugar 2. In the B. P., a solution of a medicinal sub-
(
ira|ie-sugar; dextrose.
found in many fruits, in blood and lymph, stance in glycerol a glycerite.
: G., Sup-
and in the urine in dialietes. It is crystal- positoria, U. S. P., each contains >ix grams
line ;
its solution turns the plane of polarized of glycerol they are used in constipation.
;
light to the right ;

it is less soluble and less Glycerite, or Glyceritum (;//.<'<;//, or glis-
sweet than cane-sugar, and ferments readily. er i'-tum) \j'a.vkvi;, sweet]. A mixture of
GLYCEROL GONEPOIETIC
medicinal substances with glycerin. The Glycuronic Acid ygli-ku-ron'-ik). See Acid.
following glyceiites are official G. acidi car- :
Glycyrrhiza [glis-ir-i^-zah] [yAVKvq, sweet;
bolici G. acidi tannici G. amyli
;
G. boro-; ; p;si> root]. Liquorice-root. The root of G.
glycerini G. hydrastis
;
G. vitelli. ; glabra, a demulcent and mild laxative, of
Glycerol [glis'-er-ol) [yXv/ciif, sweet], C3- sweet taste. It is used in catarrhal affections,
H5(HO)3. Glycerin. A colorless substance, and as an ingredient of pills. G., Ext.,
of syrupy consistence, sweetish to the taste, Liquid (B. P.). Dose f^j-ij (4.0-8.0).
obtained from fats and fixed oils. Chemi- G., Ext., Fid., a vehicle for administering
cally it is a triatomic alcohol, and may be quinin. G., Ext., Purum. This is used
looked upon as propenyl alcohol. It is solu- for making pills. G., Mist., Comp., Brown
ble in water and in alcohol and has a spe- ; mixture. Dose f_^ ss-f5J (16. 0-32.0). G.
cific gravity of 1. 25 at 15° C. It is used et opii, Trochisci. Dose 1-2. G., Pulv.,
as a vehicle in pharmaceutic preparations, as Comp., compound liquorice-powder. Dose
an emollient application to chaps of the skin, 3J (4-0).
as a laxative administered by the mouth or Glycyrrhizirium [glis-ir-iz-t^-num) [j/lm/'f,
in suppository, for tampons in pelvic conges- sweet; pâ, root]. The active principle of
tion, as a substitute for sugar in diabetes, as liquorice-root. It is in reality an acid, glycyr-
a mounting-medium in microscopy, and as rhizic acid, C^^HgjNOjg. G. ammoniatum
an addition to bacteriologic culture-media. (U. S. P.), ammoniated glycyrrhizin, a sweet
Glyceryl {glis'-er-il) [jAv/c/'f, sweet]. The preparation used as a substitute for liquorice.
trivalent radicle, C3H5, of glycerol, combining Dose gr. v— xv (0.32—1.0).
with the fatty acids to form the neutral fats. Gmelin's Test. Same as Gmelin-Heititz'
Glycin (c^n'-sin). Synonym of Glycocol. Reaction.
Glycocholic Acid [gli-ko-koF-ik) [ylvavq, Gmelin-Heintz' Reaction. A test for bile-
sweet; x^'^Vi bile]. An acid found in the pigments, consisting development of a
in the
bile. See Acid. series of spectral colors, green, blue, and vio-
Glycocol {glV -ko-kol^\y'kvK.vq,%vi^&i\ K67Cka, let, when strong nitric acid is added to a so-
glue], CjHjNOj. Also termed glycin, gela- lution containing bile-pigments.

tin-sugar, or amidoacetic acid. It is obtained Gnathic [na'-thik) [} r(;Wof, jaw]. Pertain-
when glycocholic acid is boiled with caustic ing to the jaw. G. Index. See Index.
potash, baryta-water, or with dilute mineral Goa-powder. See Ataroba.
acids also by boiling gelatin with dilute
;
Goblet-cells. Beaker-shaped cells found
acids. It is capable of acting as a base and on mucous membranes.
as an acid. Goggles {gog^-lz) [Irish and Gael., gog, a
Glycogen Spectacles with colored lenses and
-
i^gli' ko-jen') \^''kvKvq, sweet; nod].
ynvvav, to produce], 6(CgH,g05) -(- H2O. A wire or cloth sides, to protect the eyes from
carbohydrate found in the form of amorphous excessive light or dust.
granules in the liver-cells, in all tissues of Goiter {goi'-h-) \_gnttur, throat]. Enlarge-
the embryo, in the testicle, muscles, leuko- ment of the thyroid gland. It is also called
cytes, fresh pus-cells, cartilage, and other bronchocele, tracheocele, and Derbyshire
tissues. It formed from carbohydrates
is neck. G., Exophthalmic, Basedow's dis-
and probably from proteids, and is
also ease. Graves' disease.
stored in the liver, where it is converted, as Gold \_A.S., gold, gold]. See Aurum. G.-
the system requires, into sugar (glucose). beater's Skin, a thin membrane prepared
Glycogen is soluble in water, dextrorotatory, from the cecum of the ox.
and is colored red by iodin. Golden Seal. See Hydrastis.
Glycogeny [gli-ko/'-eit-e) \_yAvKi%, sweet; Goll, Columns of. See Column.
production].
}ifr(jig, The normal production QiOTtX'^'h.osis ^gom-fo'-sis) [jo/^cjof, nail]. Se2
of glycogen. Synarthrosis.
Glycol {gli'-kol) sweet].
[}'/lti/i('f,
A dia- Gonagra [gon-a^-grak) \_y6vv, knee; a)pa,
tomic alcohol ;
a compound intermediate in seizure] . Gout of the knee-joint.
its properties and chemic relations between Gonarthritis [gon-ar-tkri'tis) [)orri, knee ;
monohydric alcohol and trihydric glycerol. aiS(tnv, a joint; /r/f, inflammation]. Inflam-
Glycolytic {gli-kol-it' -ik) [j/li'Ki'f, sweet ;
mation of the knee-joint.
'/.voir, dissolution]. Splitting up glucose. Gonecyst [gon'-e-sist) [yovfj, semen; Kvari^,
Glyconin [gli^-ko-nin) \_y7^VK.'vQ, sweet]. The cyst]. A seminal vesicle.
Glyceritum vitelli of the U. S. P. It is a Gonecystitis {gon-e-sis-ti^-tis) [yor//, semen;
mixture of yolk of egg 45, and glycerol 55 KvGTiQ, cyst ; LTic;, inflammation]. Inflam-
parts. mation of the seminal vesicles.
Glycosuria {gli-ko-su'-re-ah) [>/li'Kr'f,
sweet ; Gonepoietic i^gon-e-poi-et'-ik) [)0)7/, semen ;
olpov, urine]. The presence of grape-sugar TToteiv, to make]. Pertaining to the secre-
in the urine. tion of semen.
GONION GRANATUM
Gonion (go'-ne on) l^yuvia, an ungle] The in the blood. The disease is most com-
aiij^k' of the lower jaw. mon in livers. G., Latent or Masked,
high
Gonococcus [gon-o-kok'-ns] \yovri, semen; lithemia, a condition a.'^cribed to a gouty
KuiiiMi;, kernel]. The organism causing gon- diathesis, but not presenting the tvpic
onhea. See Micrococcus gonorrhea, Bac- symptoms of gout. G., Retrocedent, that
hria. Table of. form that presents severe internal manifes-
Gonorrhea ^gon-or-e'-ah ) [}'>r'/, semen ; tations, without the customary arlhritic symp-
a flow].
/)(;/((,
A
specific infectious inflam- toms. G., Rheumatic. See Arthritis,
mation of the mucous membrane of the ure- Rheumatoid.
thra and adjacent cavities, due to the gonococ- Gouty Of
{gow'-te) [gutta, a drop]. the
cus of Neisser. The disease is characterized natureof gout; affected witli gout. G.
by pain, burning '.'rination, a profuse muco- Kidney, chronic interstitial nepliriiis due to
purulent discharge, and a protracted course. gout.
It is apt to become chronic, and is Graafian Follicles, or Vesicles [Ragnerdt
accompanied by complications
— frequently
prostatitis, Graaf, a Dutch anatomist]. Vesicular bod-
]êriurethral abscess, epididymitis, cystitis, ies existing in the
ovary, and each containing
purulent conjunctivitis. It may also cause an ovum.
arthritis (gonorrheal rheumatism), endocar- Gracilis {gras' -il-is) [L., slender]. See
ditis; and in women, salpingitis. G., Dry, a JMuscles, Table of.
R)rrn ; .lassociated with discharge. QiX2,Aw2X% {grad'-u-at) [_^'-;w/«.f, a
step]. A
Gonorrheal [^g07i al) {jori/, semen
- or - e' -
vessel upon which the divisions of
;
liquid
Jmia, a flow]. Relating to gonorrhea, as G. measure have been marked.
ophthalmia. G. Rheumatism, inflamma- Graduated [grad'-ti-a-ted) \^gradiis, a step].
tion of one or more joints as a sequel of gon- Arranged in
degrees or steps. G. Com-
orrhea. press, a compress made of pieces decreasing
Goose [AS., gos, goose]. A
bird of the progressively in size, the apex or smallest
family of Anserines. G. -flesh, G.-skin, piece being applied to the focus of pressure.
cutis ansera a condition of the skin marked
;
Graefe's Knife [^grafe"]. A
narrow knife for
by prominence about the hair-follicles. the performance of the operation for cataract.
Gorget [gor-'jet] \_gnrges, a chasm]. A G.'s Signs or Symptoms. See Signs and
channeled instrument similar to a grooved di- Symptoms, Table of.
rector used in lithotomy. Graft \M.Yj. graffe , , graft, from -)pd^tiv,Xo
Gossypium [gos-ip'-e-uin) [L. ].
The Cot- write]. A
small portion of skin, bone, peri-
ton-tree, Gossypium herbaceum, and other osteum, nerve, etc., used to rej>lace a defect
species of Gossypium, of the order Malva-
in a corresponding structure. G., Sponge-,
cere. G. purificatum, cotton-wool, the hairs the insertion of a piece of sponge into the
of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum, and of tissues to act as a framework for granulations.
other species of Gossypium, used as a dress- Grain [grdî) [granum, grain]. I. Seed,
ing and as a substitute for sponges in surgery ;

as that of the cereals. 2. body resemb- A
in pharmacy, as a filtering medium. See Cot- ling a seed, as a starch-grain. 3. The unit
ton. Gossypii radicis cortex this is used ;
of weight of the Troy and avoirdupois sys-
as an emmenagogue, especially in the form tem of weights. See Weights and Meas-
of G. radicis, Ext., Fid. Dose f^ss-f^j ures. G. of Paradise, the unripe fruit of
(2.0- 4.0). G. seminis, Oleum, cotton- Amomum melegueta, and of A. granum para-
seed oil. It is used in ointments. disi, brought from W. Africa. It is an aromatic
Goulard's Cerate. See riumbiifn. G.'s stimulant and diuretic, useful in some cases
extract. See Plumbum. of neuralgia. Unof.
Gout {go-ivt) \_gutta,
a drop]. A disease Gram, Gramme (gram) [yihiuiin, inscrip-
characterized by a paroxysmal painful in- tion]. The gravimetric unit of the metric
flammation of the small joints, particularly system of weigiits and measures, equivalent
the great toe, accompanied by the deposit of to the weight of a cubic centimeter of dis-
sodium urate. The attack usually comes on tilled water at its maximum density.
at night, is attended by a du.sky, glazed Gram's Method. A method for staining bac-
teria. The bacteria on the cover glass or in the
swelling of the joint and agonizing pain, and
are stained with Khrlich's so-
disappears with a sweat in the morning,
lo section first
recur again at night. In some cases gout lution, and then are treated with Gram's
as dys- solution (iodin I. potassium iodid 2, water
l}resents an atypic form, appearing
bronchitis, or intestinal catarrh ;
at 300), and then with alcohol. .Some bacteria
])epsia,
times it produces pneumonia and inflamma- giveuji the color w-hen washed with alcohol.
tion of the serous membranes. The cause Granatum The bark of tho
[gran-a'-fum).
stem and root of Punica granatuiu. i-he
of gout is not definitely known, but is con-
nected with an excess of uric acid or urates bark contains punicotannio acid anil mannite,
GRAND MAL GROOVE
but the active principle is the alkaloid pelle- Gravel [grav^-el) \Yr.,gravelle, from Bret.,
tierin,CgliijNO. The chief use of pome- grouan, gravel]. A granular, sand-like ma-
granate and its preparations is as a teniacide. terial forming the substance of urinary cal-
G., Decoctum ; this consists of 3 ij of bark in culi, and often passed in the form of detritus
Uij of water, boiled down to a pint. Tel- with the urine.

letierin tannate, dose gr. ^^
(0.032-0.048) Graves's Disease. See Diseases, Table of.
Gravid {^grav' -id \_gravare,\.o\o7xd^. Preg-
(from gr. v-viij (0.32-0.52), according to )
some authorities). nant. G. Uterus, the womb during preg-

Grand Mai [Fr., great evil]. Epilepsy. See, nancy.
also, Petit Mai. Gravida [grav'-id-a/i) \_gravidus, pregnant].
Granular [gran^-it-lar) [gramim, a grain]. A pregnant woman.
Made up of, or containing, granules. G. Gravimetric i^grav
-
e -
met' - rik) \_gravis,
Lids, trachoma. G. Pharyngitis, pha- heavy; measure].
^terpov, Pertaining to
ryngitis characterized by the presence of measurement by weight. G. Analysis, an
prominent follicles. analysis in which the component substances
Granulation [gran-u-la^-shitn) are weighed.
\_graiii(In,
dim. of granum, a grain]. I. A capil- Gra.wiX.y [grav'-it-e) \_gravis,\iea.\y'\. Weight.
lary loop of blood-vessels surrounded by a G., Specific, the measured weight of a sub-
group of connective tissue cells. 2. Also stance compared with that of an equal volume
the process by which these are formed. 3.
of another taken as a standard. For gaseous
The formation of new or cicatricial tissue in fluids, hydrogen is taken as the standard ;
the repair of wounds or ulcers, the surface of for liquids and solids, distilled water at its
which has a granular appearance also, any ;

maximum density.
one of the elevated points of such a surface Gray (gra) \_AS., grtrg, gray]. Of a color
or formation. G. -tissue, the material con- between white and black. G. Hepatization.
sisting of granulations by which the repair of See Hepatization. G. Matter, that form-
loss of substance or the healing together of ing the outer part of tlie brain and the inner
surfaces is brought about. part of the cord, containing the specialized
Granule [graii'-fd) [^raniihr, a little grain]. cells of these parts. G. Powder, hydrar-
A small grain, body, or particle, as the gran- gyrum cum creta. See Mercury.
ules of a cell ; also a small pill. G. -layer. Green (gren) [ME., grene, green]. Of the
See Rc'tiitci. color of grass. G. Blindness, a variety
Granuloma [gran-ti-Io'-rnah) \^graniilum a ,
of color-blindness in which green is not dis-
small grain hna, a tumor].
; tumor or A tinguished. G., Paris-, the acetoarsenite of
tumor-like nodule made up of granulation-tis- copper. G., Scheele's, cupric arsenite. G.,
sue. G., Infectious, that due to a specific Schweinfurth's, synonym of Paris-green.
microorganism, as tubercle, gumma, etc. G. Sickness, chlorosis.
Granulosa [gran'-n-lds) \_granu/a, a little Gregarina [greg-ar-i'-na/i) [grex, a herd].
grain]. The material that forms the inner A genus of protozoa.
portion of starch-granules. Grindelia { grin-de' -le-aJi) [after H. Grindel,
Granum (gra^-nuw). .See Grain. a German botanist]. The leaves and flower-
Grape-cure [grap'-kur). A treatment of ing tops of G. robusta, wild sunflower, or
pulmonary tuberculosis, consisting in the gum-plant, and G. squarrosa. G., Ext.,
ingestion of large quantities of grapes. G.- Fid. Dose f 3 ss-fgj (2.0-4.0). It is used
sugar. See Glucose and Dextrose. in asthma, bronchitis, and whooping-cough,
Graphite [grn/^-lt) [y()d(j)Eiv, to write]. and locally in rhus-poisoning.
Phunbago, or black lead, an impure allo- Grinder (gr'in'-der) \_\ii.,gri?tdan, to grind].
tropic form of carbon. It has been applied .^molar tooth.
externally in skin-diseases. Grinder's Asthma. A fibroid pneumonia,
Graphospasm [g>-af^-o-spazm) [}pni;6//, writ- a chronic affection of
the lungs resulting
ing a-aauoQ, spasm].
; Writers' cramp. from the inspiration of metallic or siliceous
Grating (o-rrt'-Z/wo-) [^;-^/,;^ a grating], i. A dust.
frame or screen composed of bars. 2. A Grip or Grippe {grip). See Influenza.
sound produced by the friction of very rough Gristle gris'-l)
[
[AS., gristel, cartilage].
surfaces against each other. 3. A glass Cartilage.
ruled with exceedingly fine parallel Knes to Groin [Icel., grein, a branch or arm]. The
produce chromatic dispersion in the rays of depression between the abdomen and thigh.
light reflected from it. Groove {groo7') [D., groef, a channel]. A
Grattage {grah-ta{h)zh') [Fr.]. A method furrow or channel. G., Bicipital, the deep
of removing morbid growths, as polypi or groove on the anterior surface of the humerus
trachomatous granulations, by rubbing with a separating the greater and lesser tuberosities
harsh sponge or brush. and containing the long tendon of the biceps.
GROSS GUTTA
G., Cavernous, abroad groove on the supe- and is used externally in certain skin dis-
rior surface of tlit_- sphenoid bone lodging the eases.
internal carotid artery and the cavernous Guarana {gwaw-rah'-nali) A dried
[Braz.].
sinus. G., Medullary, a long shallow fur- jiasle prepared from the seeds of Paullinia
row that appears along the dorsal line of the sorbilis, found in Hrazii. It contains an alka-
neural tube of the embryo. loid, guaranin, ideiiiical
CjjH„jN/).,. 11./),
Gross {î,''''ds) [Fr. , ^"-ros, great]. Coarse; with caffein. It is
em[iloyed in nervous
large. G. Anatomy, anatomy as studied sick-headaches. Dose of the fluid extract,
with the naked eye. n\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0) of guaranin gr.
;
j-iij
Grove Cell. See CW/. (0.065-0.19).
Growing-pains {gro^-ing) [AS., grozvan, Gubernaculum testis [gu ber nak' u-lum
to grow]. A term applied to pains in the A-.f'
/w) [1..]. The conical shaped cord at-
limbs occurring during youth, and perhaps tached above the lower end of the epitlidy-
of rheumatic origin. mis, below to the bottom of the scrotum, and
Gruel {gru^-el) [O. Low G., grui, groaXs]. governing the descent of the testes.
A decoction of corn-meal or oat-meal boiled Gubler's Line. A line connecting the super-
in water to a thick paste.
origin of the trifacial nerves.
ficial A lesion
Grumous (gru^-wus) \_griimus, a little heap]. of the pons below this line causes cro.ssed
Clotted consisting of lumps.
;
paralysis. G.'s Tumor, a i>rominpnce over
GrutuHi [gru^-tu/n) [gn//uw, grit]. See the dorsum of the wrist in chronic wrist-drop.
AIiliHin . Gullet {gul'-el) See Esoph-
\_gula, throat].
Gtt. Abbreviation of gutta, or guthe, drop, agus.
or drops. Gum [giiimni, gum]. A
concrete vegetable
Guachamaca [gicaiu s/taw-ma-iu'-kah). The juice exuded from many plants. When
bark of an apocynaceous tree. G. toxifera, treated with nitric acid it yields mucic acid.
or Malouetia nitida, furnishes a virulent Gums are eitl.er entirely soluble in watqr, or
arrow-poison, somewhat resembling curare; swell up in it into a viscid mass. Various
it has been names are given to gums, usually indicating
employed in tetanus and hydro-
phobia. Unof. the place whence exported. G. Arabic, .êe
Guaco [gwcnu'-kfl). The Mikania guaco Anirni. G. Benjamin. See Brnzoin. G.,
and other species of Mikania and Aristo- Blue. See Euailyplus. G. Tragacanth.
lochia, used in South America for snake- See Tragiicanlh.
bites it;
has been employed in rheumatism, Gumma [gum'-aJi) \^guntmi, gum]. The
gout, and in various skin diseases. Dose of gummy tumor
characterizing the tertiary
a watery extract gr. iij (0.19). stage of syjjhilis. It consists of granulation-
Guaiacol (givi'-aiol) [S. Amcr.], C-HgO,. tissue, with giant-cells, and is the seat of a
Metliyl-jjyrocatechin, a substance obtained peculiar degeneration which causes the gum-
from beechwood creosote and also, syntheti- my appearance.
cally, from pyrocatechin and methyl-sulphuric Gummatous [gum^-at-us) [gutiimi, gum].
acid. It is used as a substitute for creosote in < the nature of or afTected with gummata.
>f
tuberculosis in doses of n\îij-v (0.19—o. 32) ; Gurgling [^gi"gi'-'^^ whirlpool]. The pecu-
a
externally it has been employed as an anti- liar sound caused by the

pa.ssage of gas through
20-40 drops being painted on the
pyretic, skin. a liquid. observed upon pal])ation of the
It is
Guaiacum {g'wi'-ak-um). A genus of trees abdomen in enteric fever and other condi-
belonging to the order Zygophylleae. G., Lig- tions in which the bowel is distended with
num, guaiac-wood, is the heart-wood of G. gas and contains liquid. G. RSle, a sound
officinale and G. sanctum, and yields guaiai- iicard over the chest when the bronchi or
resin — Resina guaiaci. The last contains pulmonary cavities contain fluid.
guaiacic acid, C]2H]gOp,guaiac-yellow,guaia- Gurjun Balsam {gc-r'-jiin).

Halsamum dip-
cene, CjHgO, guaiacol, and pyroguaiacin. terocarpi, wood-oil. An oleoresin obtained
Guaiac is alterative, expectorant, and dia- from several species of Dipterocarpus, trees
It is used in syphilis, chronic native to Soutliern Asia. It is similar to co-
phoretic.
rheumatism, and gout. paiba, but more decided in therajieutic eflects,
Guanin [givmo^ Peruv. and less unpleasant.

is It is used as an expec-
;//;/)[ , ////^/m//, dung],
A leukomain found in the pan- torant, and in leprosy and gonorrhea. Dose
CjlIjN-O.
creas, liver, and muscle-extract, as a decom- tTLxv-xl (1.0-2.6).
It also occurs to taste].
position-product of nuclein. Gustatory {giis'-tii-to-rc) [giisftin-,
in guano, and is non-poisonous. G. Bud, a taste bud.
Pertaining to taste.
Guano ( g', -no) [Peruv. huann, dung]. ,
G. Nerve. See A'mr.
The excrement of sea fowl found on certain Gut [MK., gufy The inltsiiiuv
intestine].
islands in the Pacific Ocean. It contains Gutta (,!,«/''<///)
G. rosacea,
[1..].
.A
dro)i.
guanin and alkaline urates and phosphates. rosacea. G. Serena, amaurosis. G.-pcrcha,
GUTTATIM HALLUCINATION
the concrete juice of Dichopsis Gutta and cular insufficiency. G., Sv/edish, a system
other species of the natural order Tapotacetc of exercises to restore strength to ])aretic
It is used to make splints, as a dressing for muscles, consisting in movements made by
wounds, and as a vehicle for caustic sub- the patient against the resistance of an atten-
stances. dant.
Guttatim (^giit-a'-tini') \_gntta, a drop]. Drop Gynecian [jin-e'se-att) {jvvij, a woman].
by drop. Pertaining to women.
Guttur {giit'-er) [L.]. The throat. Gynecology {jin
-
e - koF -
o -je)
[} nry, a
Guttural [gut'-ii-ral) \_gutUir, the throat]. woman ; "koyoq, science]. The
science of
Pertaining to the throat. the diseases of women, especially of those
Gutturotetany { gut-ti-ro-tet' -an-e) [guttur, affecting the sexual organs.
throat; tetanus, tetanus]. A
form of stutter- Gynephobia i^ji-ii-e-fo'-be-afi) [; I'l''), woman ;
ing in which the pronunciation of such (fiujjog, fear] . Morbid aversion to the society
sounds as g, k, q, is difficult. of women.
Gymnastics [jim-nas'-tiks) [jvfivo^, naked], Gypsum [ji/>^-sum) [yi'i'oq, chalk], CuSO^
riiysical exercise, especially systematic ex- -]- 2HjO. Native calcium sulphate. De-
ercise for the purpose of restoring or maintain- prived of its water of crystallization it consti-
ing the bodily health. G., Ocular, regu- tutes plaster of Paris.
lar muscular exercise of the eye by the use Gyrus [ji'^-rus) [yvpoc, a circle]. convo- A
of prisms or other means to overcome mus- lution of the brain. See Convolution.
H
H. I. Symbol for Hydrogen. 2. Abbrevi- HcCma- [hem'-ak-) \_aiua, bIoo(f\. A prefix
ation for Hypermetropia, and for Haustus, a signifying relationship with the blood. See
draught. He ma.
Habenula \Jinbena, a rein].
{Jiab-eti'-u-lali) Haidinger's Brushes. A brush-like image
I. A ribbon-like
structure a name applied to
;
seen on directing the eye toward a source
different portions of the basilar membrane of polarized light, due to the doubly refrac-
of the internal ear. 2. A
peduncle of the tive character of the elements of the macula.
pineal gland. Ganglion habenulse, a small Hair [AS., A
delicate filament grow-
kier'\.
club-shaped body on the mesial surface of ing from the skin of mammals collectively, ;
the optic thalamus, in which the correspond- all the filaments forming the covering of the
ing peduncle of the pineal gland terminates. skin. Hair is a modified epidermal struct-
Habit I. The ure, and consists of a shaft and a root, the
(Jiah'it') \Jiabere, to have].
general condition or appearance of an indi- latter expanded at its end into the hair-bulb,
vidual, as a full habit, a condition of ple- which is concave and caps the hair-papilla.
thora indicated by congestion of the super- H.-cell, an epithelial cell with delicate hair-
ficial vessels and obesity. 2. The tendency like processes, as, e.g., the hair-cells of the
to repeat an action or condition. H. -spasm, organ of Corti. H. -follicle, the depression
or habit-chorea, a spasmodic, constantly rein the corium and subcutaneous connective
curring movement of certain voluntary mus- tissue containing tlie root of the hair.
cles, usually seen in children. Halisteresis [hal -is- ter-e^- sis) [a?f, salt;
Habitat {hab'-it-at) {Jiabitare, to
dwell]. artfnjntr, privation]. The loss of lime-salts
The natural home of an animal or vegetal of bone.
species. Halitus {haF-it-us') [L , a vapor]. A vapor,
Habitus ijiab' -it-us) \Jiabeir, to have]. Gen- as that expired from the lung.
eral ajipearance or expression. Haller [a German physiologist]. H., Circle
Hachement [haJish-nion(g') ) [Fr. hacking, , of, arterial and venous circles in the eye.
or ciiopping]. A form of massage consisting Hall's (Marshall) Disease. See Diseases,
of a succession of strokes. Table of.
Hacking [kak'-ing). See Hachement. Hallucination [hal-lu-sin-a' -shmA \_ha!lu-

Hadernkrankheit {hah'- dern kronk
- -
li'if^ cinari, to wander in mind]. A false sense-
[G.T. A disease of rag-pickers, by some perception; the perception of an object
it is
supposed to be anthrax. Others look upon 01 phenomenon which has no external exist-
it as malignant edema. ence, as II, of sight, sound, smell, taste, or
touch.
HALLUX HEAD
Hallux [fial'-uks) [L.]. The great toe. H. Haphalgesia (/ta/al-Je'-ze-ah) [a^^, touch ;
valgus, displacement of the great toe u/.}of ,
pain]. A feeling of pain produced by
toward the other toes. H. varus, displace-
merely touching an object.
ment of the great toe away from the otiier ( h,ird'- en
Hardening [ AS.
-
mt^' ) ht-ard, ,
toes.
hard]. A stage in the preparation of tissues
Halo [ha'-lo) [('i/wr, a round threshing-floor]. for microscojjic examination, in which
ihey
I The areola of the nipple. 2. The lumin- are rendered firm, so that they may, after em-
ous circles seen about a light. bedding, be readily cut.
Halogen [Jial' -o-jen) yivvav, to
[a/^-, salt ;
Harelip-suture. A figure-of 8 suture about
produce]. A
univalent element that forms a pin thrust tiuough the
lii)S of the freshened
a compound of a saline nature by its direct
edges of the cleft.
union with a metal. The halogens are Harmony {har'-nio-nc) [îlij/tmna, harmony].
chlorin, iodin, bromin, and fluorin. H. A form of articulation between two bones
Acid, an acid formed by the combination of that are closely and immovably apposed.
a halogen with hydrogen. Hartshorn {harts' -horn). i. Cornu cervi,
Haloid [/la/^-oid) \_a/r, salt ; f/'V, likeness]. the horn of the stag, formerly a source of
Resembling sea salt. H. Salts, any one of ammonia, or spirits of hartshorn. 2. A name
those that
compounds consist of a metal popularly given to ammonium hydroxid. See
direc''y united to chlorin, bromin, iodin, or Annnonintn.
fluorin. Hashish (hash'-esh). See Cannabis.
Ham [AS., hamm,
the ham]. The back Hassall, Concentric Corpuscles of. Pe-
part of the knee the popliteal space.
; culiar bodies fuuiul in the medulla of the
Hamamelis {ham-ajji-e' -lis) {iiîa, together thymus gland. They consist of concentric
with in'fAuv, apple-tree].
; The leaves of H. layers of flattened epithelial cells.
virginica; witch-hazel. It is styptic, and Haunch (Jiawnch) [Fr., hanche, haunch].
sedative, and is used in uterine and other The part of the body including the hips and
hemorrhages as an application to hemor-
; the buttocks. H.-bone, the innominate
rhoids and to contused parts. Ext. hama- bone.
melidis fid. Dose ITLx-xx (0.65-1.3). Haustus [haws' -fus) \Jiaurirc, to draw]. A
Hammer, Thermal. A hammer-shaped draught.
cautery-iron. Havers, Canals
of. See Canal. H.,
Hammer-toe. A
term applied to a condi- Spaces and irregular spaces found
of, large
tion of the second toe in which the proximal in growing bone, and resulting fnim the ab-
phalanx is extremely extended while the sor])tion of the primary osseous formation.
two distal phalanges are flexed. In them the Haversian systems are dejjosited.
Hamstring. The tendons bounding the ham Haversian [hav-ei'-zhe-un) \_l!arers, an
above on the outer and inner side. H., English anatomist]. Described by Havers.
Innsr, tlie tendons of the semimembranosus, H. Canal. See Canal. H. System, an
sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus mus- Haversian canal with canaliculi radiating from
H., Outer, the tendons of the biceps it and the
cles. surrounding concentric lamellae.
flexor cruris. Hawking [ha7o'-kinff) [ME., hauk, to
Hamular [ham' -ti-lar) \Jiamtis, a hook]. hawk]. Clearing the throat by a forcible
Pertaining to or shaped like a hook. expiration.
Hamulus \ham'-ii-his) [dim. of harmis, a Hay-asthma, Hay-cold, Hay-fever. An
hook]. A hook-shaped process, as of a acute aflection of the conjuntliva and upper
bone. H. of the Cochlea, the hook-like air-passages, coming on ])eriodically at cer-
process of the osseous lamina at the cupola. tain seasons of the year, especially in summer
Hand [ME., hand, hand]. The organ of and autumn, in persons prcdisjiosed to llie
prehension in bimana and quadrumana, disease. The exciting factor is in some cases
comjiosed of the carpus, the mctacarjius, and the pollen of grasses in others the disease
;
tiie i)halang(s. H., Ape, H., Claw, H., seems to be caused rellexly by polypi and
Monkey, ."êe A/aiit en^ri/fe. other diseased conditions of the nose The
Handkerchief (/W/«t"'-,{'<'r-^//2/') [ME., hand, chief symjitoms are coryza, sneezing, head-
hand kerchef, a kerchief].
; square piece A ache, cough, and asthmatic attacks.
of cloth for wijiing the face or nose. H. Hay's Method. A method of removing
Dressing, a form of temporary dressing dropsical effusions by |iroducing frequent
for wounds and fractures, niade of handker- serous evacuations by nu'ans of s.iline
chiefs. cathartics coniliined with a drv diet.
Hangnail (hani^'nai). A
partly detached Head (//,</) [ME., //.-,/, the licnd]. I. The
])iece of e])idermis at the root of the nail, the uppermost part of the boily tliat part of the
;
friction against which has caused inflamma- body containing the brain, the organ of sight,
tion of the abraded surface. of smell, taste, and hearing, and part of the
HEADACHE HECTOLITER
organs of speech. 2. The top, beginning, or lunar valves. H.-burn, a burning feeling
most prominent part of anything, as the head at the epigastrium and lower part of the
of the feniar, the head of a muscle etc. chest, caused by fermentation of the gastric
H.-drop, a pecuhar disease seen in Japan contents. H., Fatty, a name given to two
during the spring and early summer, sup- distinct pathologic conditions of the heart-
posed to be miasmatic in origin. It is at- tissue. In the first there is a true fatty de-
tended witli inabiHty to hold the head erect, generation of the muscular fibers of the
symptoms in the hmbs, and optic heart and in the second there is an increase
paralytic
disorders. One attack predisposes to others.
;
in the quantity of subpericardial fat a fatty —

H.-gut. See Fore-gut. H. -kidney, infiltration.
pronephros. Head-louse, the pediculus Heart-berg [hart' -berg). The vulgar name
capitis. of the thoracic portion of the thymus gland
Headache [hed^-dk). Pain in the head ;
of animals. See Nêck-berg.
cephalalgia. The following varieties of head- Heat [het) [AS., hcetu, heat]. A form of
ache are described local, general organic, kinetic energy communicable from one body
— alcoholic,
:
;
functional; toxemic cafleinic, to another ;

it isthat form of molecular mo-
diabetic, lithemic, malarial, rheumatic, urem- tion which is appreciated by a special thermal
ic ; refiex —
gastric, ocular, nasal, uterine ; sense. H., Atomic. See Atomic. H., Ca-
cardiac, pulmonic, anemic, congestive hys- ; pacity for, the number of heat-units required
teric, neurasthenic. H., Bilious, migraine. to raise the temperature of a body 1° C. H.-
Healing [/ie^-/i>ig) [AS., fmlan, to heal]. centers, centers in the brain for stimulating
The process or act of getting well, or of heat-production or heat-elimination, and for
making whole especially the getting well
; regulating the relation of these. H., Latent,
of an ulcer or wound. H. by First In- the quantity of heat necessary to convert a
tention or Primary Healing, the union of body into another state without changing its
two accurately apposed surfaces without any temperature H., Molecular, the product
visible granulating process. H. by Second of the molecular weight of a compound
Intention, healing through the medium of multiplied by its specific heat. H., Prickly,
granulations, which up the gap of the
fill or H.-rash, miliaria. H., Specific, this
wound. H. by Third Intention, the two is the ratio of the capacity for heat of a
granulating surfaces are approximated so as body to that of an equal weight of water.
to uniteand heal readily. H. -stroke, the symptoms produced by ex-
Health [AS., Jurlayi, to heal].
{hcl'h) That posure to great heat, either that of the sun
condition of the body in which all the func- or that of heated rooms. H.-unit, the
tions are performed normally. amount of heat required to raise the temper-
Hearing {he' -ring') [.\S., hyran, to hear]. ature of one kilogram of vv-ater from 0° to 1°
The special sense by wliich the sonorous C; it is technically called a calorie.
vibrations of the air are communicated to the Hebephrenia [hebe-fre'-ite-nh) [?/,.^//, pub-
mind. The organ of hearing is the ear, erty ; pijv, mind]. Aform of mental de-
whence the vibrations are carried by the rangement occurring in young persons at or
auditory nerve to the center of hearing, situ- soon after the age of puberty, and charac-
ated in the temporosphenoidal lobe of the terized by mental deterioration, and a gradu-
cerebrum. ally increasing egoism. It may end in a
Heart (//(?;-/) [.\S., //c^rA-, heart]. A hollow, permanent dementia.
muscular organ, the function of which is to Heberden's Nodes. See lYoiies.
pump the blood through the vessels. It is Hebetude [heb' -e-tud) \_hebetudo, bluntness].
enveloped by a serous sac called the peri- 1 )ulness of the special senses and intellect ; a
cardium, and consists of two symmetric condition present in grave fevers.
halves, a right auricle and ventricle and a left Hectic Fever {hek'-tik) \jKTiK6q, habitual].
auricle and ventricle. The right auriculo- A fever caused by absorption of toxic sub-
ventricular orifice is guarded by the tricuspid stances formed in the process of suppuration,
valve the left by a valve with two leaflets,
; and characterized by daily intermissions and
the mitral. These valves are broad and thin, frequent drenching sweats. It occurs in
consisting of two layers of the lining mem- pulmonary tul)erculosis, in pyemia, etc. H.
brane of the heart, the endocardium, separ- Flush, the flushed cheek seen in hectic fever.
ated by a slight amount of connective tissue. Hectogram [liek' -to-gram) [f'wiror, one hun-
To support them, thin chordse tendineaj join dred ypoLfiiia, an inscription]. One hundred
;
their free margins to the muscles in the wall grams, or 1543.2349 grains.
of the ventricle, the columnre earner. The Hectoliter {hek'-ta-le-ter) [f/cardi', hundred ;
outlet of the right ventricle into the pulmonic Airpa, a pound]. One hundred liters, equal
artery, and the left into the aorta, are guarded to 22.009 imperial gallons, or 26.4 U. S.
by stout, short, tricuspid valves, the semi- gallons.
HEART HEART
Anatomy of the Heart, Right Side— {//olden.)

.
Cavity of right auricle. 2. Appendix auriculce.
3. Superior vena cava. 4. Inferior vena cava.
Fossa ovalis; the prominent ridge sur- Anatomy of the Heart, Left Side. — (Holden.)
5.
rounding it is the annulus ovalis. 6. Eustachian Cavity of left auricle. 2. Cavity of the appendix
valve. 7. Opening of the coronary vein. 8. auricula;. 3. Opening of the two right pulmo-
Coronary valve. 9. Entrance of the auriculo- nary veins. 4. The sinus into wliich llie left
ventricular opening. Between the figures i and pulmonary veins open. 5. Left pulmonary
9 several foramina thebesii are seen. a. Right veins. 6. Auriculoventricular openitig. 7.
ventricle, d, c. Cavity of right ventricle, e, Coronary vein. 8. Left ventricle, q, 9. Cavity
f. Tricuspid valve, g. Long columna carnea. of the left ventricle, a. Mitral valve. 1^, 1^, h.
h. The "long moderator band." i. The two Columna; carnea;. c, c. Fixed columme car-
columna; carneas of the right curtain, k. At- nese. d. Arch of the aorta, e. Pulmonary
tachment of chordae tendincEe of the left limb artery. /. Obliterated ductus arteriosus, .c.
of the anterior curtain. /, /. Chorda; tendineie Left pulmonarv artery, h. Right ventricle.
" " i. Point of the appendix of right auricle.
of the fixed curtain of the valve, w. Valve
of the pulmonary artery, n. Apex of left ap-
pendix auriculae, o. Left ventricle, p. As-
cending aorta, q. Its transverse portion, r.
Descending aorta.
Horizontal Section of Lungs and Heart.

1, 1, I. L'pper lobes of lungs. 2, 2. Lower lobes. 3. Dorsal vertebra. 4, 4. Two ribs. 5. Heart. 6.
Right auric ular apinndix. 7. Suf)erior vena cava. S. Aorta, q. Pulmun.ir\ ailcrv. 10. Leit auricle,
ir. Left auricular appendix. 12.12. Mouths of right pulmonary veins. 13. Mouths yf led pulmonary
veins. 14. Thoracic aorta. 15. Esophagus.
HECTOMETER HEMAPOIETIC
Hectometer (^kek'-to-nie-ter) [e/cardv, hun- tube and the urine allowed carefully to flow
dred; uirpov, a measure]. One hundred down the side of the tube, so as to form a
meters, or 32S feet, I inch. layer on the acid without mixing. The de-
Wedeoma. {he-deo'-vuik) [7/(JtT, sweet oaiii], ; velopment of an opaque white ring indicates
smell]. American pennyroyal. The leaves albumin. 2. A test for the presence of blood-
and tops of H. pulegioides, the properties of coloring matter in the urine. The urine is
which are due to a volatile oil. It is stimu- boiled with half its volume of caustic potash,
lant, carminative, and emmenagogue. It is — whereby the phosphates are precipitated.
used in suppression of the menses, the flatu- The precipitate is colored red if blood is
lent colic of children, and, on account of present.
itspungent odor, to drive off fleas and mos- Helminth [hel' -minth) [M/zîf, worm]. A
quitoes. H., Oleum, the volatile oil. worm.
Dose lllij-x (0.13-0.65). Helminthagogue {hel-minth' -ag-og). See
Hedge-hog Crystals. Crystals of ammo- Anthelmintic.
nium urate found as a urinary deposit in the Helminthiasis {hel-min-thi' -as-is [fA//a'f, a
form of globular crystals, with spiny projec- worm]. The diseased condition produced
tions. by the presence of worms in the body.
Hedrocele [/led'-ro-sel) \_Edpa, breech; Kijlr), Helminthology {fiel-niin-thol'-o-je) \i.7Mivq,
tumor]. A
hernia through the notch of the a worm; VM^joq, science]. A treatise on
isehium. Also, prolapsus of the anus. worms, especially those parasitic within the
Heel i/iel) [AS., /leh'u heel]. The hinder body.
part of the foot. H.-bone, the calcaneum. Hemabarometer [hem -ab -ar - om' -
et -
er)
Heidenhain, Demilune Cells of. See Dem- [alâ, blood (iapi-g, heavy ; fii-pov, meas-
;
ilitne and Crescent of Giannzzi. ure]. An instrument for the determination

Helcoid [hel'-koid) [f/Aoc, ulcer ;
f JJor, like- of the specific gravity of the blood.
ness]. Resembling an ulcer. Hem-, Hemato- [hem-, hem' -at-o-') [(7',//a,
Helcoma {Jitl-ko'-tnali) \i'/.Koq,
an ulcer]. blood]. A preflx signifying of or pertaining
An ulcer. to the blood.
Helicine (Jiel' -is-iii) [f/'/f,
a
spiral], i. Spi- Hemacyanin [hem-as-i' -an-iti). See Ilemo-
ral in structure. 2. Pertaining to the helix. cvanin.
H. Arteries, spirally -winding arteries sup- Hemad [hem' -ad) [aifia, blood]. Toward
plying the erectile tissue of the penis. the hemal aspect ; opposed to neurad.
Helicoid (hel'-ik-oid) {k~M^, a spiral; flrSof, Hemadromometer ( hetn-ad-ro-mom'-et-er^
firm]. Spiral; coiled like a snail-shell. [(7i;/tt,
blood ; SpouoQ, course /jirpor, meas-
;
Helicotrema {Iiel-ik-o-tre' -7nah

<
[f/lzf , helix, ure]. An instrument for measuring the ve-

coil rj)t]'ua, hole].
;
The opening connecting locity of the blood-current.
the scaJK tvmpani and vestibuli of the spiral Hemadynamometer [hem-ad-i-nam-on' -et-
canal of the cochlea. er') [«(//a, blood ; strength fik'pov,
fJira/z^c, ;
.Heliophobia {/ie-/e-o-fo' -be-ah) [f/Aioq, sun ;

a measure]. An instrument for measuring
(hofinc, fear]. Morbid fear of exposure to the the tension or pressure of blood within the
sun's rays. arteries.
Heliotherapy {Jie-Ic-o-ther' -ap-e) \rj7.inq, sun ; Yiexti2t.%o%M^[hevi' -ag-og) [a(//o, blood; oju-
depa-iia, treatment]. The treatment of dis- 70c, leading]. Promoting the menstrual or
ease by exposure of the body to sunlight. hemorrhoidal discharge of blood.
Sun-bathing. Hemal [hem'-al) [a}//a, blood]. I. Pertain-
Helix [he'-liks) [f?'^, a coil]. I . The rounded, ing to the blood or vascular system. 2. Per-
convex margin of the pinna of the ear. 2. taining to the ventral aspect of the body,
A of wire, as that of a faradic battery
coil that part containing the heart and blood-ves-
or of an electromagnet. sels.
Hellebore, Black. See Helleboius. H., Hemameba (hem-am-e'-hah) \<iiim, blood ;
White. See I'eratriim albii?n. audi 31], a change]. A white blood-cell.

Helleborus {hel-eb' -or-us) [M/.f.3opoc, helle- Hemangioma (hem-an-je-o' -mah ) [ aifia,
bore]. The root of H. niger, black helle- blood; hyê'inv, vessel; our, a tumor]. An
bore, the properties of which are due to two angioma made up of blood-vessels.
glucosids, helleborin, CgpH^jOi;! ^"^ helle- Hemaphein [hem-af-e' -in) {ania, blood ;
borein, Cj^H^^ O,^. It is a drastic hydragogue pa(6f, dusky]. A brown coloring matter
cathartic, and an emmenagogue, and has been from blood, regarded as a decomposition-
used as a drastic purge in insanity, dropsy, product of hematin.
and amenorrhea. Dose of the powdered root, Hemapoiesis [hem-ap-oi-e'-sis). See Hem-
as a purge, gr. x-xx (o 65-I.3). atopoiesis.
Heller's Test. i. A test for albumin in the Hemapoietic [hem-ap-oi-ef -ik). See Hema-
urine. A little nitric acid is
placed in a test- topoietic,
HExMARTHROSIS HEMATOMI'irALOCELE
Hemarthrosis {Item
- ar - thro'- sis) [ a'uo, trifugal action, the corpuscles from the
blood; aidhoaK;, a joint]. Effusion of blood plasma.
into a joint. Hematocyst (liem'-at-o-sist) [ni/ja, blood ;
Hematachometer [hem-at-ak-om' -et-er). See Kia-ii;, bladder]. I. A cyst containing

Hc'niotachometer. blood. 2. An effusion of blood into the
Hematemesis [/u-m-nt-em' -es-is) \âiîa, bladder.
blood; e/teeir, to vomit].
The vomiting of Hematocyte [hem'-at-o-s'it ) ['/i//a,
blood ;
blood. Kvriq, cell]. A blood-corpuscle.

Hematic [hfm-(7t'-j/:)[_aiua, blood]. Bloody; Hematocytometer i^hein-at-o-si-tom' -et-er).
pertaining to, full of, or having the color of, See lleinocytometer.
bliiod. Hematodes {lietn
-
at -
o'- diz)
[ai//ar<j(5;;f,
Hematidrosis {/le/n
- at -
id- ro'- sis) \_aiiia, bloody]. lUoudy.
blood ; ISpuaig, sweat]. A sweating of Hematogenesis {hem-at-o-jen' -es-is) [nJ/za,
blood. l>K)od ; }frf(T/c, production]. The develop-
Hematimeter [/wr/i
- at -
im'- et -
er) [nl/m, ment of blood or blood-corpuscles.
blood; //tr/)'H', measure]. An instrument for Hematogenic {hem -at-o -jen'- ik) [nifja,
counting the corpuscles in a given volume of blood; }fi'ivri', to produce]. Pertaining to
blood. the formation of blood.
Hematin {Jiem'-atin) [«/««, blood], t"3.,H3.^- Hematogenous [hem at - oj'- en - us) [nJ/m, -
N^FeO^. A decomposition-product of hemo- blood; yEvvav, to produce]. Derived from,

globin. It is bluish-black, amorphous, con- or having origin in, the blood.
tains iron, and is soluble in dilute alkalies Hematoglobin [Jiem-at-o-glo'-bin). See
and acids, insoluble in water, in alcohol, and Hemoglobin.
in ether. Hematoid {hem'-at-oid) [oi/in, blood ; fWof,
Hematinic (Jiem-at-in' -ik) \jxtiia, blood]. I.
fi)rm]. Resembling blood.
Relating to hematin. 2. An agent which Hematoidin {hem-at-oi' -din) [aJ/â, blood ;
tends to increase the proportion of hematin or resemblance], CjgHjjjN.Ôj.

f/(5i)f, An iron-
coloring-matter in the blood. free derivative of hemoglobin, occurring in
Hematinometer (Jtcm-at-in-orn'-et-er). Same old blood-clots as yellowish-brown, rhombo-
as Ht>!io::;loi>inometer. hedral crystals.
Hematinuria [hem- at- in- u'- re -all) [ai^/n, Hematokrit [hem'-at-o-krit). See Hematocrit.
blood; oi'por, urine]. Sams as //e/nog/odin- Hematology {hem-at-ol' -o-je) [aJ/m, blood ;
itria. /o}()c, science]. The science of the blood,
Hemato- [Item' -at-o-) [aJwa, blood]. A pre- its nature, functions, and diseases.
signifying pertaining to the blood.
fix Hematolysis {hem-at-oU -is-i's) \aiua, blood ;
Hematobium [hem- at - o'- he - iitn) \aina, '/vnir^, Destruction or disorgan-

a solution].
blood; /?<of, life]. I. A blood-corpuscle. ization of the blood or of the corpuscles.
2. A blood-parasite. Hematoma {Jte-mat-o'-mah) ["//in;, blood ;
Hematoblast [hem' at-o-blast) [«!//«, blood ; hua, tumor]. A tumor or swelling contain-
germ].
/JAiirrrdf,
A
iilood-plate ; an imma- ing blood. H. auris, insane ear an effu- ;
ture red blood-corpuscle. sion of blood or serum between the cartilage

Hematocele \hem'-ato-sel) \aiun, blood ;
of the ear and its covering, occurring in vari-
Kijli), a tumor]. A
tumor formed by the ous forms of insanity as the result of injuries
extravasation and collection of blood in a or trophic changes. H. of the Dura mater,
part, especially in the tunica vaginalis testis,
an effusion of blood beneath the dura mater,
or in the pelvic cavity (Pelvic II.). forming memlmmous layers. H., Pelvic,
Hematocephalus {Iteni-at-o-sef -al-us) [«}//«, an effusion of blood into the cellular tissue
blood; iu>pa7.ij, head]. I. An eftusion of of the pelvis.
blood into the brain. 2. A monstrosity char- Hematomediastinum {hem -
at - o me -
de-as-
acterized by an effusion of blood into the ti'-)iu>n)\j.uiia,
blood mediastinum, the medi-
;
cerebral hemispheres. astinum]. An effusion of blood into the
Hematochyluria -at-o- ki - In'- re - ah) mediastinal spaces.

[lieni
[^(uua, blood; \ i'/,or, chyle; olpov, urine].
Hematometra {hem-at-o-nie'trah) [(j'n/(i,
The presence of blood and chylous material blood; ////r/ia, womb]. .\n accimiulation of
in the urine. blood within the uterine cavity.
Hematocolpos {Item- at- o- kol'- pos) \_atfin,
Hematomonas {hem-at-oni'-onas) [d'd/d,
blood; /v«)/Tor. vagina]. A

collection of blood; //onjc, a unit]. .\ genus of protozoan
blood within the vagina. jiarasites inhabiting

the blood.
Hematocrit [liein'-at-o-krit) [aiua, blood; Hematomphaloceie {hematom-fal' -ose! )
Kpirtiv, to sejiarate, to judge]. instru- An [d/z/a,

blood ; iiiiod/ar, navel ; tumor].
av//;/,
ment for making volumetric estimation of A hernia at the navel, distended with
the blood -corpuscles by separating, by cen- blood.
HEMATOMYELIA HEMIANOPIA
Hematomyelia (Jtein at-o-mi-e'-le-ah) \_a\na, The process of the formation of blood and
blood; //i>f/l(5f, marrow]. Hemorrhage into the development of blood-corpuscles.
the spinal cord an accumulation of blood in
;
Hematospectroscope [Iwui -at-o- spck'- tro -
the central canal of the spinal cord. skop) [alim, blood ; spectrum, an image ;
Hematomyelitis {hem-at-o-ini-el-i' -tis) [rn/za, aiio-av, to view]. A

spectroscope adapted
blood; /ii'cAor, marrow /r/f, inflammation]. ; to the study of the blood.
An acute myelitis attended with an effusion Hematospermia (/wm -at-o- sper'- me ah) -
of blood into the spinal cord. blood ci-f /)//«, The

r/i//(j, ;
seed]. discharge
Hematopericardium {hem-at-o-per-ik-ar' -de- of bloody semen.
tiin) [«(//a, blood; Trfp^, about; Kapdia, Hematothorax [hem-at-o-tho'-raks). See
heart]. An effusion of blood into the peri- Hemothorax.
cardium. Hematoxylin [hem at
- -
oks'- il i/i) \_niiin,
Hematophagous (Jiem-at-off' -ag-us) [a(//«, blood; f(/or, wood], Ci^HjÔg. The col-
blood; 0a} £()', to eat]. Feeding on blood ; oring-matter of logwood. It is a crystalline
blood-sucking. substance and is used as a stain in micros-

Hematophyte {hem'-at-o-fit) [al/i«, blood ;
copy.
a plant].
({ivTui', A
vegetable organism, such
'
Hematoxylon {Jiem-at-oks'-il-on) [rt///a,

as a bacterium, living in the blood. blood f I/O)', wood].
;
Logwood; the heart-
Hematoplastic {hevi-at-o-plas' -tik) [a///rt, wood of H. campechianum it contains tan- ;
blood ; -'/.aoTLKOQ, plastic]. Blood-forming. nic acid and a coloring-principle, hematoxy-

Hematopoiesis {Jiem-at-o-poi e'-sis) \_aiua, lin, CjgHjÔg, and is a mild astringent. H.,
blood ; TToiesiv, to make]. The formation of Ext. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). H., De-
blood. coctum, strength i to 17. Dose f^j-ij
Hematopoietic (hem-at-o-poi-ef -ik) \_atjia, (32.0-64.0). Unof.
blood ; -oiietv, to make]. Relating to the Hematozoon [heni-at-o-zo' -011) [«/««, blood ;
processes of blood-making. H. Organs, <Ciov, animal]. Any animal parasite in the
the blood-making organs. blood.
Hematoporphyrin [Ac^m
-
at- o -por'-fe- riii) Hematuresis [hetn-at-u-re' -sis) \jujia, blood ;
\_aijm, blood; n6p(pvpog, purple], CggH.^Ng- nvpov, urine]. The passage of bloody urine.
0[2. Iron-free hematin, a decomposition- Hematuria [aiiia, blood
[hem-at-n'-re-<ih) ;
product of hemoglobin occurring in the urine oi'pov, urine]. The

discharge of urine con-
in conditions associated with destruction of taining blood. When only the coloring-
red corpuscles. It is produced by dissolving matter of the blood is found in the urine, it
hematin in concentrated sulphuric acid. is termed hemoglobinuria or hematinuria.
Hematoporphyrinuria {hem-at-o -por-fe- Hemautography [hem-aiv-tog' ->-a-fe) \puiin,

rin-u^-}'e-ah) [ai/za, blood ; n6p(fvpoc, purple; blood; aiTOf, self }/-)(;0fn', to write].
; The
ovpnv, urine]. The presence of hematopor- tracing produced by a jet of blood from a di-
phyrin in the urine. vided artery caught upon paper drawn in
Hematoposia {hem-at-o-po'-ze-ah) \(iuia, front of it.
blood; Tzoaiq, a drinking]. The drinking Hemeralopia [hem-er-al-o'- pe-ah) [i/pepa,

of blood. day; ui<, eye]. Night-blindness; a condi-
Hematorrhachis {^hem-at-or' -ak-is) [fi(//a,
tion inwhich the individual sees relatively
blood; pcixi^, spine]. Hemorrhage within much better in the day than at night. H. is
the verteliral canal. a symptom of retinitis pigmentosa.
Hematorrhea [hem-at-or-e' -ah) [az/ia, blood ; Hemiachromatopsia [hem-e-ah-kro mat -op' -
po'.a, a flow]. A
copious flow or discharge se-ah) half; a priv.; \putiin, color;
['//",
of blood. 61/vf, vision]. Color-blindness in one-half of
Hematosalpinx {hem-at-o-sal' -pitiks) \aijia. the field of vision.
blood ao/7r;}^, a trumpet].
;
A
collection of Hemialbumin [hem-e-al' -Im-min). See Att-
blood in a Fallopian tube. tialhumin.
Hematoscope [hem' -at-o-skop^ [a]//a, blood; Hemialbuminose [hem-e- al-bu' min bs). - -
aKorreiv, to inspect]. An instrument used in The same as HemialhiiDiose.

the spectroscopic examination of the blood, Hemialbumose [hem-e-al'-bu-mbs) \J]iii. half ;
by means of which the thickness o( the layer albumen, the white of egg]. The most char-
of Mood can be regulated. acteristic and most frequently obtained by-
Hematoscopy {/it'vi-at-os'-ko-pe)[al//a,blood ;
product of proteid -digestion. It is the fore-
GKonfiv, to inspect]. Visual examination of runner of hemipeptone.
the blood ; examination of the blood by Hemianesthesia [hem e anes-the' -ze-ah)
- -
means of the hematoscope. half; avdi&ihjala, want of feeling]. An-

[///(/,
Hematosepsis -
at -
o-sep'- sis) \^nqia,
{/le/ii
esthesia of one lateral half of the body
blood; (Tî/'/f, putrefaction]. Septicemia. Hemianopia, Hemianopsia [hem-e-aii-o'-pe-
Hematosis [he»t-at-o'-sis) \_a\iia, blood]. ah, hem-e-an-op' -se-ah) [///«, half; «! priv. ;
HEMIATAXIA IIEMOGENESIS
sight]. Blindness in one-half of the Pertaining to H. Papillary
dipic;, hemianopsia.
visual field. It may be bilateral Reaction, Wernicke's reaction.
(binocular)
or unilateral (uniucular). H., Binasal, Hemiparesis {/leme-pur'-es-i.s) half;
[/}«/,
blindness on the nasal side of the visual field, xîjitair, impairment of strength]. Paresis
usually due to disease of the outer sides of of one side of the body.
the optic commissure. H., Bitemporal, Hemipeptone See Pep-
(Jum-e-pep'-tdn).
blindness on the temporal side of the visual tones.
field, due to disease of the central parts of Hemiplegia {hem e-pU'-je-ah) {jun^ half;
the commissure. H., Crossed or Heter- 7r> //}//,
stroke]. Paralysis of one side of the
onymous, a general term for either binasal body, due usually to a lesion in the internal
or liitcmpora! hemianopsia. H., Homony- capsule or striatum, but at times
corpus
mous, the form affecting the inner half of caused by an extensive lesion of the cortex,
one field and the outer half of the other. or a lesion of the crus, pons, or medulla, or
Hemiaiaxia. [/lem-e-a^-a/cs^-e-a/i) [r'/fu, half; of the upper part of the spinal cord. If in
a priv. ; ru:;i(;, order]. Ataxia limited to the brain, the lesion is on the side opjjosite to
one side of the body. the paralysis. H., Alternate, paralysis of
liemia.thetosis(/iem-e-at/i-e^-o^-sts)l_ûi, half; the facial muscles upon one side, with paral-
atkruc, without fixed position]. Athetosis of ysis of the trunk and extremities upon the
one side of the body. opposite side of the body. H., Bilateral
Hemiatrophy half;
{hem-e-ai'-i-o-fe') \J]ui, Spastic. See Paraplegia, Infantile Spas-
ari)i)0iay lack of nourishment]. Atrophy con- modic. H., Cerebral, the ordinary form first
fined to one side of the body. described. H., Crossed. Same as //. ,
Hemic {hem' -ik) [ai/<a, blood]. Pertaining Alternate. H., Facial, motor paralysis of
to or developed by the blood. one side of the face. H., Spastic, a form
Hemichorea {hem-e-ko-7-e'-aJi) \J]ju, half; occurring in infants, in which the affected
chorea, dance].
;j;o/)tai, A form of chorea extremities are S[iastically contracted. H.,
in which the convulsive movements are con- Spinal. See Brvtun-Sequard^ s Paralysis.
fined to one side of the body. Hemispasm {he^n'-e-spazm) [////<, half; a-aa-
Hemicrania {Jietn-e-kra'-ne-ali) \j]ui, half; (161;,
a spasm]. A spasm affecting only one
head].
(tyjavior, I.
Neuralgia of one-half of side of the body.
the head migraine.
;
2. Imperfect develop- Hemisphere {hein'-is-fer) \Jiiu, half; acâum,
ment or absence of the anterior or posterior a ball]. Half a sphere. H., Cerebellar,
part of the skull. either lateral half of the cerebellum. H.,
Hemidiaphoresis (hern-e-di-af-or-e' -sis) [?///', Cerebral, eidier lateral half of the cerelinnn.
half; sweating]. Sweating of one
(5m0d/;//(7<f, Hemisystole {hem-e-sis'-to-le) [/////, half;
lateral half of the body. avaroXri, a contraction]. A
peculiar kind of
Hemidrosis (Jiem-id-ro'-sis). See Ilemati- irregular action of the heart-muscle, in which,
i/rosis. with every two beats of the heart, only one
Hemidysesthesia {/ww -e -dis-es-the'-ze-ah') beat of the pulse is felt.
\jlju,\\2\i\ (h'f, difficult ; alaOjiaiQ, sensation]. Hemiterata {hem - it -er'- at -ah) \Jini, half;
Dysesthesia of a lateral half of the body. TEpag, monster]. A
class of malformations,
Hemiglossitis half;
[hem-e-glos-i' -tis) [//,«(,
not grave enough to be called monstrous.
yXtddaa, tongue; iriq, inflammation]. In- Hemiteratic {hein-it-er-at'-ik)[»////, half;
flammation of one-half of the tongue. a monster]. Pertaining to hemiterata.
rifHic,
Hemihyperesthesia {hein-e-hi-per-es-the' -ze- Hemlock {hem'-lok). See Conium.
half; vnip, over; aiaOriaic, sensa- Hemocyanin {hem-o-si'-an-iji) [di/zn,
blood ;
ali) [fifiL,
tion]. Hyperesthesia confined to one lateral KiaviK, blue]. A

coloring matter found in
half of the body. the blood of certain invertebrates. It con-
Hemimelus tains copper, and gives to the blood a blue

{hem-im' -el-US') [?////, half //fAof, ;
liml)]. A monster with incomplete or stunted color.

extremities. Hemocyte {hem'-o-sit) [o(//n,
blood ; /crrof,
Hemin blood], CgjH-jQN^Fe-
[Iient'-in) \_a\^La,
a cell]. A red l)loodcorpuscle.
O3. HCl. Teichmann's crystals, or chlorid Hemocytometer {hetn-o-si-tom' -et-er) [o(//n,
of hematin doubly-refractive crystals de-
; blood; KvToi;, a cell; fihfwv, a measure].
rived from l)lood by heating a drop of blood An instrument for estimating the number of
on a glass slide with a little glacial acetic acid. corpuscles in the blood.
Hemineurasthenia [hem-e-iiu-ras-the'-ne-
Hemodromometer {hem-o dro-mom'-eter).
ah) \jjfu, half ; vevpov, a nerve aalkvia, weak-
;
See Ilemadromometer. ,
et-
ness]. Neurasthenia affecting one lateral Hemodynamometer {hem-o-dinam-om'
half of the body. er). See Ilemadvnamometer.
Hemogenesis Sec Ilema-
Hemiopia [heni-e-b'-pe-ah). Hemianopsia. {him-o-jen'-esis).
Hcmiopic {hciii-e-o'-pilc) ['//", half; wi/i, eyej. togenesis.
21
HEMOCYTOMETER HEMOCYTOMEl ER
Mioj
HEMOGLOBINOMETER HEMOGLOBINOMETER
A B
Gowers' Hemoglobinometer, Improved Form. — {Coplin.)

A and B are two flattened tubes, A being permanently sealed and containiiijf the tint standard /> is
;
graduated, and is used for diluting the blood. C is a pipet for measuring the blood. Just in front of
the case is shown the needle usually recommended for puncturing the skin. The dropping-bottle
shown in the illustration contains distilled water for diluting the blood.
—
Von Fleischl's Hemoglpbinometer. {Copiiii.)
Mixing cell, divided by a partition into two chambers, a and a'. The blood and water are placed in
a; a' receives water alone, and is directly over the cfilored glass wedge. A', A'. Glass wedge. At.
I'oint at which reading is taken. T. Milled head, which moves the head A', wliich, in turn, moves
the carriage P, P, carrying the tinted glass wedge. S. Disc of plasler-of Paris for reflecting the light
upward through the glass wedge and the mixing chamber.
HEMOGENIC HEMOSPASIA
Hemogenic (Jtem-o-jen'-ik). See Hemato- Hemopneumothorax [hem -
o- nn- tno-tho'-
genic. raks') \_ania, blood ; 7:vEviia, wind Oijpa^,
;
Hemoglobin {hem-o-glo' -ln>t) [«'//«, blood ;

the chest]. A
collection of air and blood
globus, a round body]. The coloring-matter within the pleural cavity.
of the red corpuscles. It is an exceedingly Hemoptysis [hem-op' -tis-is) [(iip.a,blood ;
complex body, containing iron it crj'stallizes ; -Titiiv, to spit]. The spitting of blood from
in rhombic plates or prisms, and is composed the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs.
of hematin and a proteid substance, called Hemorrhage (hem'-or-dj) [^cuua, blood ;
globulin It has a strong affinity for oxygen, /)//; livai, to burst forth]. An escape of blood
and the greater part of the oxygen in the from the vessels, either by diapedesis through
blood is in combination with it as oxy- intact walls, or by rhexis through ruptured
hemoglobin. When it gives up the oxygen walls. H., Accidental, hemorrhage during
to the tissues it becomes reduced hemoglobin. pregnancy from premature detachment of the
Hemoglobinemia {^liem-o-glo-hin-e'-nie-ah) placenta when normally situated. H.,
\a\iia, bloodglobus, a round body ; aifia,
; Capillary, oozing of blood from the capil-
blood]. A
condition in which the hemo- laries. H., Concealed, a variety of acci-
globin is dissolved out of the red corpuscles, dental hemorrhage in which the bleeding
probably as the result of the destruction takes place between the ovum and the uterine
of the latter, and is held in solution in the walls, without escape from the genital tract.
serum. The blood is "lake-colored." It H., Consecutive, one ensuing some time
occurs in some infectious diseases, and after after injury. H., Critical, occurring at the
injecting certain substances into the blood. turning-point of a disease. H., Petechial,
Hemoglobinometer {hem-o-gh>-hin-om' -et- hemorrhage under the surface in the form of
^r) \aijLa, globus, a round body ;
blood ; minute points. H., Postpartum, hemor-
jûrpov, a measure]. An instrument for the rhage occurring shortly after labor. H.,
quantitative estimation of hemoglobin in the Primary, that immediately following any
blood. H. of Fleischl ; in this a certain di- traumatism. H., Secondary, that occur-
lution of the blood is made, and its color then ring some time after the traumatism. H.,
compared with that of different thicknesses Unavoidable, hemorrhage from detachment
of a sliding wedge of red glass. H. of of a placenta previa. H., Vicarious, a dis-
Gowers ; in this the calculation is made by charge of blood from a part owing to the
measuring the amount of dilution necessary suppression of a flow in another part, as
to make the blood of the same shade as a vicarious menstruation.
standard solution of carmin in gelatin. Hemorrhagic \(iiua, blood;
[hem-or-a' -jik)
Hemoglobinuria ( kem-o-globin-u' -re-ah ) prp/Vvrni, to burst Relating to or
forth].
\_iuna, blood; globus, a round body; ovpnv, accompanied by hemorrhage. H. Diathe-
urine]. The presence of hemoglobin in the sis. See Hemophilia. H., Infarct. See
urine, due either to its solution out of the Infarct.
red corpuscles, or to disintegration of the red Hemorrhea [hem- or - e'- ah) \jiiâ, blood;
corpuscles. H., Epidemic, hemoglobin- pola, a flow]. A hemorrhage.
uria of the new-boni associated with jaun- Hemorrhoid [hem'-or-oid) \_a'iu6ppong, flow-
dice, cyanosis, and ner\-ous symptoms. H., ing with blood]. pile. A
An enlarged
Intermittent or H., Paroxysmal, a form and varicose condition of the veins of the
characterized by recurring periodic attacks. lower portion of the rectum and the tissues
It is related to cold, and is also closely asso- about the anus. H., External, those situ-
ciated with Raynaud's disease. H., Toxic, ated without the sphincter ani. H., Inter-
that form occurring in consequence of poison- nal, those within the anal orifice.
ing by various substances. Hemorrhoidal {hem-or-oi'-dal) [âluSppnng,
Hemology (Jiem-ol'-o-je') [al/za, 'Myoq, blood ; flowing with blood]. Pertaining to or
science] . The science treating of the blood. affected with hemorrhoids. H. Veins, the
Hemolysis (;^^w-«7/''-/j-ij).
See Hematolysis. three veins which form a plexus about the
Hemometer (Jiem-om'-et-er). See Hemo- lower end of the rectum. Through them the
globinometer. general venous system and the portal system
Hemophilia {hem-o-fiF-e-ah) \atua, blood ;
communicate.
oui'iv, to love]. Bleeder's disease, an ab- Hemosiderin [hem-o-sid' -er-in) [aijia, blood ;
normal tendency
hemorrhage. to It is aiSr/pog, iron]. A
granular pigment, a pro-
usually hereditary, and though it is most duct of the decomposition of hemoglobin.
common in males, the hereditary influence It is found where blood is extravasated in
transmitted through the mother.
is contact with active cells, and contains iron.
Hemophthalmia {hem - off- thai'- me- ah ) iiemospa.sia{hem-o-spa'-ze-ah)[âifia, blood ;
\_a\iLa, blood ;
eye].
6<p0a?.,u6(; , A hemor- a~deiv, to draw]. The drawing of blood
rhage into the interior of the eye. from a part by dry or wet cupping.
HEMOSTATIC HERMAPHRODITE
Hemostatic {Jicm-o-stat'-ilc) \_aijia,
lilood ; Hepatomalacia (//<•/
-
at -
o -
mal a' se -
a/t)
araTiKor, stationary]. I. Arresting hemor- [r/rrap, liver; /la'/MKia, softness]. Softening
rhage. 2. An agent or remedy that arrests of the liver.
hemorrhage. Hepatopathy {^hepat-op'-ath-e) ['}-ap, liver;
Hemotachometer [Aem - o -
tak - om' -
et-er) 7ral)o(;,disease]. Any disease of the liver.
\_a\ua,blood; raxoz, swiftness; fihpov, a Hepatorrhaphy {hep al or' a fe) [/}n-a/),
- - - -
measure]. An instrument for measuring the liver; /)«</>//, suture]. Suture of the liver.
rate of liow of blood. Hepatotomy {hep-at-of -o-me) [^Trt/j, liver;
Hemothorax (Jicm-o-tho' -raks) [al/za, blood; Ttni'tLv, to cut]. Incision of the liver.
W(j/jaf , the chest]. An accumulation of blood Hephestic [lief-es'-tik) [//ep/ms/iis, Vulcan].
in a pleural cavity. Prevailing or occurring among hammermen,
Hemp Cannabis sativa,
[ME. ,//<?//;/, hemp]. as II. cramp.
the bast-fiber of which is used for textile Heptad (Jiep'-tad) \_k--ii, seven]. An ele-
purposes. K,, Indian. See Cannabis indica. ment having a quantivalence of seven.
Henbane. See Hycscyamns. Heptane {hep' -tan) \j-ra, seven], C.I 1,5.
A
Henle's Fenestrated Membrane \_irenle, hydrocarbon of the paraffin -group, con-
li([uid
a German anatomist]. The layer of longi- tained in petroleum and also obtained from
tudinal elastic fibers of the inner coat of the the resin of Pinus sabiniana by dry distil-
arteries. H.'s Layer, a layer of Hat, horny, lation. called abietene.
It is also
polygonal, nonnucleated cells situated be- Herb ox herb) [//tv7'<7, an herb].

[erlj plant A
tween the cuticula and the external root- the stem of which contains but little wood
sheath of a hair-bulb. H.'s Loop, a loop and dies down to the ground at the end of
in the uriniferous tubules. H.'s Sheath, a the season.
connective-tissue sheath surrounding terminal Herbivorous {Jier-biv' -or-us) \Jierba, grass ;
nerve-fibers. vorare, to devour]. Living on vegetable food.

Henry's Law. See Law. Hereditary [lie-red' -it-a-re) \_heres, an heir].
Hepar [he' -par) \j]-âp, the liver], i. The Transmitted from parent to offspring, as H.
liver. 2. A substance having the color of disease. H. Ataxia. See Friedreich' s Dis-
liver, as H. sulphuris. ease, Diseases, Table of. H. Syphilis. See
Hepatalgia {^hep-at-al' -je-aJi) [v~«p, liver ; Syphilis.
akyor, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the liver. Heredity {he-red' -it-e) \hereditas, heredity].
Hepatectomy \hep-at-ek' -to-me)\r}-;iap ,
liver ;
The transmission of physical or mental quali-
EKTou'ij, a cutting out]. Excision of the liver, tiesor tendencies from ancestor to oftspring ;
wholly or in part. the principle or force by reason of which the

Hepatic (Jiep-at'-ik) [^Ta/j, liver]. Pertain- offspring resembles the parent.
ing to the liver. Hermaphrodism, or Hermaphroditism
{her tnaf ro-dizm, her- maf- ro- di tizrn)
- - -
Hepatitis {hep-at-i^-tis) \_rj-:vap,
liver ; Lriq,
inflammation]. Inflammation of the liver. ['E/)u7f, Mercury; 'A(ppo6tTr/, Venus], The

H., Chronic Interstitial, cirrhosis of the coexistence in a single individual of
liver. H., Acute Parenchymatous, acute ovaries and testicles. H., Complex, a con-
yellow atrophy of the liver. H., Suppura- dition in which there are present both the
tive, abscess of the liver. internal and external organs of either sex.
Hepatization {hep-at-iz-a'-shu>i) \ji-ap, H., Lateral, a form in which male or-
liver]. A change of a tissue into a condition gans (especially a testicle) are more or less
in which it resembles the liver, as H. of the developed on one side, and female organs
lung. H. Gray, that in which the hepatized (especially an ovary) on the opposite side.
lung-tissue is gray. H. Red, that in which H., Spurious, a condition in which the indi-
it is red from an excess of blood. vidual is of one sex, but ]iresents the outward
Hepatocele [kep'-ai-o-sei) [_T]-jap, liver; signs of the other. H., Transverse, an
/v///,/;, a tumor]. Hernia of the liver. instance in which the external organs indi-
Hepatocirrhosis {hep-at-o-sir-o' -sis) [?/^rtp,
cate the one sex, and the internal the oppo-
liver; Ki'ppuq, yellow]. Cirrhosis of the site. H., Unilateral, on one side an ovary
liver. and a testicle, on the other an ovary or a
testicle.
Hepatogenic, Hepatogenous [hep-at-o-jen'-
ik, li,pitt-oj' -en-Its') ['/â/i, liver; yrvvav, to Hermaphrodite {her-tnaf'-ro-d'tt) ['E/j/"/C,
beget]. Produced by or in the liver. H. Mercurv ; 'A(/</»)<5(r;/,Venus]. .An individual
Icterus, jaundice caused by the absorption affected* with hermaphrodism usually the ;
of bile from the liver. condition is due to some congenital malforma-

tion of the genital organs, such as epispadi.is,
Hepatolithiasis (hep-at-o-lilk-i' as-is) \j]~ap,
liver; KiiUx, a stone]. A
diseased condi- hypospadi.is, cleft of the scrotum, etc.,
that
tion characterized by the formation of gall- makes the determination of sex sonicwiiat
stones in the liver. doubtful.
HERMETIC HERPES
Hermetic {her-met'-ik)
['Ep////f,
the god hernia containing omentum epiplocele. H., ;
Mercury]. Protected from exposure to air ; Perineal, a protrusion of the abdominal

air-tight, as the H. sealing of a wound. contents between the fibers of the levator ani
Hernia {Jier' -ne-ah^ [hernia, from epvog, muscle in front of or to one side of the anus.
sprout] . A protrusion of a viscus through an H., Pudendal. Same as //., Labial. H.,
abnormal opening in the wall of the contain- Reducible, one that may be returned by
ing cavity ;
used without qualification, the manipulation. H., Retroperitoneal, a hernia
word refers to hernia of the intestines. H., in which the intestine lodges in the fossa
Abdominal, a protrusion of a portion of the duodenojejunalis. H., Richter's, one in
abdominal viscera through some portion of which only a portion of the caliber of the gut
the parietes. H. of the Bladder, the pro- enters the orifice. H., Scrotal, that form
trusion of a part of the bladder through of inguinal hernia in whicli the protrusion
one of the openings of the abdominal has entered the scrotum. H., Strangulated,
cavity. H. of the Brain, or H. cerebri, a hernia which is so tightly constricted at its
Fungus cerebri, a protrusion of the brain neck as to interfere with its return, with the
through the skull. H., Complete, a her- circulation of blood, and the passage of
nia in which the sac and its contents have feces. H., Umbilical, a protrusion of the
passed the hernial orifice. H., Congenital, abdominal contents through the umbilicus.
a form of indirect inguinal hernia in which, H., Ventral, the name applied to protrusions
the vaginal process of the peritoneum having of the abdominal contents through the abdom-
remained patulous, the bowel descends at inal walls in situations not usually subject to
once into the sciotum, in direct contact with hernice.
the testicle. H., Crural. See//., Femora/. Hernial {Jier' ne al^ \_heritia, a rupture].
- -
H., Same as Cystocele.

Cystic. H., Pertaining to hernia. H. Sac, the diverti-
Diaphragmatic, a protrusion of a portion of culum of the peritoneum which the hernia
some of the abdominal viscera into the pushes before it or into which it descends.
thorax, through a congenital defect in the Herniopuncture (Jier -ne - o -punk' -
c/nlr)
diaphragm, or through a dilatation or lacer- \_hernia, hernia punctura, a pricking].
;
The
ation of one of the natural openings. H., puncture of a hernia.
Encysted ;
in this the
pouch forming the Herniotome {her'-ne-o-totn) [//^/•w/cz, hernia ;
tunica vaginalis closed at its upper end

is TOfioc, cutting]. A hernia-knife.
but open below. The hernia in descending Herniotomy (Jier
- ne - of - o - me') \Jiernia,
along the inguinal canal, enters the scrotum hernia; Tkiivuv,\.o cut]. Operation for the
behind the tunica vaginalis, and is more or relief of hernia by section of the constriction.
less completely surrounded by its posterior Heroic {)ie-ro'-ik) \ji{><^r, a hero]. Bold or
layer. H., Femoral, a hernia through the daring; rash or unusually severe.
femoral canal, the tumor appearing on the Heroin {her'-o-in). The diacetic acid ester of
upper inner aspect of the thigh, below morphin: substitute for codein. Dosegr. J^— i.
Poupart's H., Incarcerated,
ligament. Herpes [her'-pez) [f/)T?/f ipiteiv, to creep].
;
a hernia which
has become occluded An acute inflammatory affection of the skin
by the accumulation of gas, feces, or un- or mucous membrane, characterized by the
digested food, thus causing obstruction of development of groups of vesicles on an in-
the bowels. H., Incomplete, one that has flammatory base. H. circinatus. See
not entirely passed through the hernial orifice. Tinea circinata. H. facialis, herpes fe-
H., Infantile. See //. Encysted.
, H., brilis an acute, noncontagious, inflamma-
;
Inguinal, a hernia occupying the inguinal tory disorder of the skin that appears in the
canal. H. of Iris, a protrusion of a portion form of one or more groups of vesicles. It
of the iris after iridectomy, trauma, etc. H., is commonly called fever-blisters, a form
Irreducible, one in which the protruded of herpes appearing especially on the lips.
viscus cannot be returned by manipulation. It is frequent in "cold," malaria, croupous
H., Ischiatic, a protrusion of the bowel pneumonia, and cerebrospinal meningitis.

through the great sacrosciatic foramen. H.- H. febrilis. See //. facialis. H. Iris,
knife, a probe-pointed knife for incising the a form of erythema with vesicles grow-
constriction of a hernial sac. H., Labial, a ing in a ring. It is usually seen on the
protrusion of the bowel between the vagina backs of the hands and feet. H. labialis.
and the ramus of the ischium into a labium See //. facialis. H. preputialis, H. pro-
majus. H. of Littre, a hernia which m genitalis, a form of herpes in which vesicles
only a diverticulum of the bowel is affected. occur upon the glans and prepuce, from the size
The term is improperly applied to Richter's of a pin's head to that of a small pea. H. ton-
H. H., Obstructed, 'iee //., /ncarcerated. surans. See Tinea tonsurans. H. zoster,
H., Obturator, a protrusion of bowel through zoster, zona, shingles, ignis sacer ; herpes in
the obturator foramen. H., Omental, a which the lesions are distributed in relation
HERNIA HERNIA
—
Oblique Inguinal Hernia. (MouHin.) Direct Inguinal Hernia. — {Moullin.)
Bubonocele on right side, but passing through
external ring on left.
Femoral Hernia. — {Moullin.) A Strangulated Hernia. — (Moullin.)
An I'nstrangulated The pillars open, the cord held up. The pillars sutured, Thi' fascia
—
Hernia. (Moullin.) the cord held up.
deep
ihisiii over
the eoril.
Radical Operation for Inguinal Hernia. — (Iio)-witz,a/t<t J'\issini.)
HERPETIC HETEROTOPIA
to the course of a cutaneous nerve, and, as a the parents, and do not return into the cycle
rule, unilateral. They are usually seen in of the parents.
the line of the intercostal nerves, but may Heteroinfection {/lel
- er-o -in -
fek'
-
shun)
follow the course of any nerve. The outbreak iTfpof, Other; inficcre, io taint]. I. Infec-
of the eruption is generally preceded by se- tion transmitted by a person who is himself
vere neuralgic pain. not affected. 2. Infection of any organism
Herpetic {^her-pef -ik) \ip-E<:, herpes]. Per- by a poison not produced within itself op- ;
taining to herpes. H. Sore-throat. See posed to autoinfection.

Tonsilitis, Herpetic. Heteroinoculation [het -er-o- in -ok-u- la'-
Herpetiform (Jier-pet'-if-orni) [f/)-Ef, herpes; shun) \J7ipoq, other ; inoculatio, an ingraft-
forma, form]. Resembling herpes. ing]. Inoculation of one person by another.
Hesselbach's Triangle. See Triangles, Heterologous [het-er-ol'-o-gus) [f re/iof other , ;
Table of. '/.6)oq, relation]. Differing in structure or

Heteradelphus [ket-er-ad-eF-fus) [frepof, form from the normal. H. tumors, tumors
other; ads'Aipo^, brother]. joined twin- A constituted of a different tissue from that of
monster, consisting of an autositic monster the part in or on which they are situated.
with an attached parasite, the head of the Heteromorphous [het-er-o-mor' -fits) [erepoq,
latter being absent. other; fiopiprj, form]. Differing from the
Heteradenia (het- er-ad-e'-ne-ah) [frepof, normal in form.
other; cuMjv, I. Normal glandular Heteronymous {het-er -on'-im-tis) [frrpof,
gland].
structure occurring in a part normally not other; bvvua, name]. On opposite sides.
2. Glandular struc-
provided with glands. Heteropagus [het-cr-op'- ag-ns) [irtpof,
ture departing from the normal type. other; rr;/} I'cm;, to unite]. A double mon-
Heteradenic (het-er-ad-e'-nik^\krz(>oq, other ;
ster in which the parasite, having a head and
a&r]v, gland]. Pertaining to or consisting of extremities, is attached to the anterior ab-
tissue thatis unlike normal glandular tissue, dominal wall of its host.
or to glandular tissue occurring in an abnor- Heteropathy(>4c/-^r-£'/''-i7///-if) [frrpof, other;
mal place. TvaOoQ, affection]. I. The treatment of a
Heteralius {het-er-a^ -le-us) \iTEpoQ, other ;
disease by inducing a difterent morbid condi-
a/uq, a disc]. A double monster in which tion to neutralize it. 2. Abnormal reaction
the p.irasite is very incomplete, and with no to stimulus or irritation.
direct connection with the umbilical cord of {/wt -er-o
for al' je ah)
- - • -
Heterophoralgia
its host. [Irepof, other tending nP-jof, pain].
; (fto/wf, ;
Hetero- (Jtet'-er-o-') [eTEpoq, other]. A pre- Eye-strain or ocular pain caused by hetero-
fi.x
denoting unlikeness. phoria.
Heteroalbumose (hct-er-o-aU -bu-tnos) [cre- Heterophoria (het-er-o-fo'-re-ah) \lTtpoq,
other albumose'].
jjof, ;
A variety of albumose different; (popuq, tending]. relation of A
soluble in salt-solutions, insoluble in water, the visual lines of the two eyes other than
and precipitated by saturation with sodium that of parallelism. It may be Esophoria,
chlorid or magnesium sulphate. a tending of the lines inward or Exo- ;
Heteroautoplasty [het- er-o-aiv'- to -plas

-
te') phoria, outward or Hyperphoria, a tend-
;
\lrtpor, other; avroq, self; t^TâaoELV, to ing of the right or left visual line in a direc-
form]. Grafting of skin from one person tion above its fellow Hyperesophoria, a
;
upon the body of another. tending of the visual lines upward and in-
Heteroblastic {Jiet
-
er-o-blas'- tik)
\kTEpoq, ward ; Hyperexophoria, upward and out-
other, different; /3/laarof, germ, bud]. Aris- ward.
ing from tissue of a different kind. Heteroplasia [het-er-o-pla'-ze-ah) [fTtpor,
Heterodymus [het-er-od'-irn-us] [e-epor, other; -/duif, shaping]. The presence in a
other; du^vunq, twin]. A double monster, part of a tissue that does not belong there
the accessory part being but an imperfect normally.
head, with a neck and thorax by which it is Heteroplasty (het'-er-o-plas-te) \}Ttpoq,
implanted in the anterior abdominal wall of other; -/d(i(T«v, to form]. I. Heteroplasia.
its host. 2. The operation of grafting parts taken from
Heterogeneous [hel-er-oje'-ne-tis) [îrepog,

another species.
other; ytvoq, kind]. Differing in kind or Heterotaxis {het -er-o- taks'- «) \i-ipnq,
nature composed of different substances
; ;
other ; Taîq,
order]. The anomalous dis-
not homogeneous. position or transposition of organs.
Heterogenesis (hei-er-o-jen' -es-is) \iTtpoq, Heterotopia i^het-er-o-to'-pe-ah) \iTEpoq,
different; yeveaiq, generation]. A mode of other rdrrof, place].
; A
misplacement of nor-
reproduction in which the living parent gives mal tissue, es|iecially a congenital malforma-
rise to oftspring that pass through totally dif- tion of tlie brain, in which masses of graj
ferent series of states from those exhibited by matter are found transplanted into the white.
HETEROTROPHIA HISTIOID
Heterotrophia, or Heterotrophy [Jiet-cr-o- ginea at the posterior pari of the testis, from
tro'-fe-ah, or hct-er-ot' -ro-fc") SJTipnr, other ;
which connective-tissue septa tlivcrge.
7/)o^//, sustenance]. Any perversion or dis- Hilum [^kilum, a little thing].
[fii'-lum) A
order of nutrition. or opening in an organ, u.ûally
pit, recess,
Heterotropia {Jiet-er-o-irop'-e-ah). See for the entrance and exit of vessels or ducts.
Strabismus. Hind [hind) [.VS., hindan, at the back of].
Heterotypus (Ju-l-er-o-ti'-pus') [tVe/jor, differ- Pertaining to the rear or posterior extremity.
ent ; r'vmx;, a type]. A
monster double H. -brain, a division (jf the brain in the em-
having the parasitic fetus hanging from the bryo, that becomes the cerebellum and the
ventral wall of the principal sujjject. medulla oblongata. H.-gut, that part of
Heteroxanthin {^liet-er-o-zan' -thin) [tTfpor, the embryonic intestine from which the ce-
other; âvOoi;, yellow], CgHgNÔ^. A leu- cum, vermiform appendix, colon, and rectum
komain that can be isolated in crystalline are developed.
foim from ur' le. Hinge-joint [Iiinj' -joint). See Diartbrosis.
Heubner's Disease. Syphilitic disease of Hip [AS., Iiype, hip], i. The upper part of
See Diseases, Table of.
the cerebral arteries. the thigh at its junction with the buttocks.
Hexad (fieks' -ad) [ffrtc, six]. An element 2. The hip-joint. H.-bath. See Bath.
the atom of which has a quantivalence of H.-bone, the ischium. the H. -girdle,
six. pelvic arch. H. -joint, the articulation of
Hexane {heks' -a7i) [ffac, six], CgH,^. The the femur with the haunch-bone or innomi-
sixth member of the paraffin- series of hydro- nate bone. H. -joint Disease, coxitis, an
carbons. a liquid, boiling at about 71°
It is inflammation of the hip-joint, usually tuber-
C, found in various natural oils. culous, and occurring most commonly in the
Hexatomic {heks-at-om'-ik) [i^cig, six aro- ; young, and, according as it begins in the
jiiic,
an atom]. Consisting of six atoms also ;
head of the femur, the acetabulum, or in the
a[iplied to atoms that are hexavalent, and to synovial membrane and i)roper structures of
alcohols or other compounds having six re- the joint, divided into femoral, acetabular,
]ilacea!)le hydrogen atoms. and arthritic. .Symptoms Shufiling gait, pain
:
Hexavalent {^heks-av'-al-ent) \tt,aq, six ;

val- often referred to the inner side of the knee,
c'/is, having power]. Having the same com- pain in the hip elicited by jarring the heel,
bining power as six hydrogen atoms. deformity, abduction and eversion of the
Hey's Ligament. See Ligai)ient. thigh, slight flexion of the knee, and arching
Hiatus [ki-a'-tus) to gape]. A space
\_kiare ,
of the lumbar spine later, adduction and in-
;
or opening. Also, the vulva. H. of Fal- version of the thigh, with flexion of the knee
lopius, a shallow groove on the petrous por- and shortening of the limb. Suppuration with
tion of the temporal bone for the passage of formation of fistukc occurs in the advanced
the petrosal branch of the Vidian nerve. stages.
Hiccup, or Hiccough [/lik'-up) \_kic, a Hippocampal (liip -o- kavi'-pal) \\~~oq,
mimic word cough, a cough].
;
A spas- horse ; nan-n^, a sea-monster]. Relating to
modic contraction of the diaphragm causing the hippocampus.
inspiration, followed by a sudden closure of Hippocampus [hip
- -
kam'- pus) [Jtttoi-,
the glottis. Synonym Singultus. horse ; Kaitnoq, a sea-monster]. name ap- A
Hide-bound Disease. See Scleroderma. plied to two elevations, H. major and H.
Hidropoiesis [hid-ro-poi-e'-sis) [iJ/x.'jr, sweat; minor, the former situated in the mitldle,
Tcnienv, to make]. The formation of sweat. and the latter in the posterior horn of the
Hidropoietic [liid-ro-poi-el' -ik) [i'V^wr, sweat; ventricles of the brain.
wuihir, to mals'e]. Relating to hidropoiesis. Hippocratic [hip-o-krat'-ik) \^Hippocrates, a
Hidrosadenitis [Iiid-ros-ad-en-i' -tis) [/'(V"^(,",
Greek physician of the fifth century \\. C.].
sweat; aiîjv, gland; niq, inflammation]. Described by Hippocrates. H. Expression,
Inllammation of the sweat-glands. an anxious, iiincheil expression of the coun-
Hidrosis [kid-ro'-sis) [aJpui,", sweat] i. The . tenance, described as characteristic of peri-
formation and excretion of sweat. 2. Ab- tonitis. H. Sound. See Succussion-sound.
3. Any skin- Hippuric Acid [hip-u' -rik). See Acid.
normally profuse sweating.
disease marked by disorder of the sweat- Hippus [hip' -us) [t;r;rf)(;, horse,
from analogy
glands. to the movements of this animal]. Spasmodic
Hiera picra {hi'-er-ah pi'-krah) [L., sacred ]->u]iillary movement, independent of the ac-
Pulvis aloes et canellre. '^&& Aloes. tion of light.
bilters].
Highmore, Antrum of {Jii'-mor) [W. Iligh- Hirsute [her-sut') \Jiirsutus, shaggy].
tnore, an l^'nglish ]ihysician]. A cavity in Shaggy, hairy.
the superior maxillary bone, communicating Hirsuties (Jiersu' -te-fz) [hirsutus, shaggy].
with the middle meatus of the nose. H., I'"\ces'<ive growth of hair.
Histioid [kis'-te-oid). See Histoid,
Body of, a thickening of the tunica albu-
HIP-JOINT HIP-JOINT
Vertical Section through the Hip-joint, Shovvina; the Head of the Femur, the Capsule, and the Muscles
—
Surroundine: the Articulation. {Modified frum Hrtile.)
I, 2. Gluteus medius. 3. Obturator internus and gemelli. 4. Iliofemoral band. 5. Ischiofemoral band.
6. Rectus femoris. 7. Quadratus femoris. 8. Iliacus. 9. Semitendinosus and biceps. 10. Psoas. 11.
Semimemlsranosus. 12. Pubofemoral band. 14. Obturator externus. 16. Symphysis pubis. F. Sec-
tion of head of femur.
—
Ligaments of the Hip-joint. (Sapper.)
Iliofemoral band of capsular ligament, cut across. 2. Cotyloid ligament. 3. Li.gamentum teres. 4.
insertion of ligainentum teres into the head of the femur. 5. Head of the femur. 6. Neck of the
femur. 7. Attachment of capsular ligament to the back of the neck of the femur. 8. Neck of the
femui external to attachment of capsular ligament. 9. Great trochanter. 10. Pit on the great
trochanter. 11. Small trochanter. 12. Posterior intertrochanteric line.
HISTOCHEMISTRY HOMOLOGY
Histochemistry [his-to-kem'-is-tre) \^LaT6(^, Hollyhock {hoF-e-hok). See Althea.
tissue; ^///i£m, chemistry]. The chemistry Holmgren's Test. A test for color-blind-
of tlie histologic elements of the body. ness. The patient is requested to match
Histodialysis (Jiis
-
to -di -
al'-is-is) [^laror, worsted skeins of different colors, and if color-
web ; diaAvaig, a resolution]. The dissolu- blind, always selects characteristic shades.
tion of organic tissue. Holoblastic (hol-o-blas'-lik) [oXof, whole ;
Histogenesis {Iiis-to-je7i'-es-is) [/'orof , web ; fi'MwToq, germ]. Ajjplied to ova in which
jti'tou:, generation]. The formation of the entire yolk is included in the of process
tissues. segmentation ;
one in which there isno sepa-
Histogenetic (Jiis-to-jcn-et'-ili) \\aT6q, welj ;
rate food-yolk.
to to histo- Homatropin
yevvdv, produce]. Relating {ho-mat'-ro-pin), Q^^l^Ôy
genesis. An alkaloid derived fromatropin. It causes
Histohematin (/lis to hem' at in) [i'crror,
- - - -
dilatationof the pupil and paralysis of ac-
web aifta, b.i)0cl]. A pigment found in
;
commodation like atropin, but its effects
muscles, suprarenal capsules, and other or- pass off more ([uickly, usually in two 01
gans, and believed to have a respiratory three days. The hydrobromate is the salt
function. generally employed.
Histoid [his'-toiit) [iarof, web ; eZJof, like- Homeopathy {ho-me-op' -ath-e) \haaLoq, like ;
ness] Comjiosed of only one kind of tissue.
.
TrdWof, ailment or disease]. A system of
Histologic (/^/j--/i3-/(>/-?/C') [ioTOf, tissue; Aoyo^, treatment of disease by the use of agents
science]. Relating to histology. that, administered in health, would produce
Histology (his-tol' -o-je) \\aT6q, tissue ; 7Myoq, symptoms similar to those for the relief of
science]. The minute anatomy of tissues. which they are given.
Histolysis [Jiis-tol'-is-is) [iorof,
tissue ; "kvaiq, Homocentric [ho-mo-sen' -trik) [owoc, same ;
dissolution]. Disintegration and dissolution KtfTpop, center]. Concentric; having the
of organic tissue. same center. H. Rays, light rays that
Histonomy {Jiis-ton'-o-me) [tordf, tissue; have a common focus or are parallel.
v6iioq, a law]. The laws
of the develop- liomoceTehTin{/io-mo-se/'-e-/>r/n)[^6u6g, like ;
ment and arringement of organic tissue. cerebrum, cerebrum]. A
substance derived
Histopathology (Jiis-to-path-oU -o-je) [/'orof,
from brain-tissue, closely resembling ccrebrin,
tissue; ndOcx;, disease; Aoyof, science]. The but more soluble in alcohol.
study of minute pathologic changes in tissues. Homceo- (ho'-me-o-). For words thus be-
Histophysiology (his-to-fiz-e-ol' -o-je) [icrro^-, ginning, see Homeo.
web, tissue; (^haiq, nature; Adyof, science]. Homogeneous [ho-nio-je' -tie-us) [o/wf, like ;
The science of the functions of the various ysvoq, kind]. Having the same nature or
tissues. qualities ; having a uniform character in all
Histotome (Jiis'-to-tom) \jir!r6Q^
tissue ; rf/z- parts.
vtiv, to cut]. An apparatus for cutting tissue Homogenesis {ho-mo-jen'-es-is) \_onbi;, like;
for the study of its minute structure ;
a jti'i'ar, to
beget]. Reproduction in which a
microtome. parent gives rise to offspring that pass through
Histotomy [his- tot'- o- me) {Jlotoq, tissue; the same cycle of changes as itself.
TFiJi'siv, to cut]. The dissection of tissues. Homogentisic Acid [hom-o-jen-tiz' -ik). See
Histrionic [kis-t>r-on'-ik) \_kistrio, an actor]. Acid.
Dramatic. H. Mania, insanity with affec- Homologous {/lo-moF-o-gus) [<5//of,
the
tation and lofty manner. H. Muscles, the same; Xdyoq, relation]. Corresponding in
f muscles of expression of the face. H. Spasm, structure, either directly or as referred to a
sjiasni of the muscles of expression.
fundamental type. In chemistry, being of
Hives (hlvz) [origin uncertain]. I. Urtica- the same type or dilfering by a mul-
series ;
ria. 2. In Crreat Britain the term is also tiple or an arithmetic ratio in certain con-
applied to croup, laryngitis, and to chicken- stituents. H. Tissues, those identical in
pox. type of structure. H. Tumor, a tunnir
Hob-nail Liver. The liver of advanced consisting of tissue identical with that of the
atroj^hic cirriiosis, so called on account of the organ whence it
s]irings.
small projections on the surface. It is called Homologue [ko»i'-o-h><:;) [o//<5f ,
same ; ^6yoq,
also gin-drinker's liver. proportion]. An
organ which has the same
Hodgkin's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. relative structure, jiosition, or devclo|)ment as
Hoffmann's Anodyne {hof- mans an'-o- another. The same organ in dilferent organ-
dni). .Spiritus ajtheris compositus (U. S. P.),
isms under every variety of form and function.
compound spirit of ether. It is anodyne, Homology (lio-mol'-o-je) [o//(5f , same ; Koyoq,
stimulant, and antispasmodic, and is used in proportion]. The (]uality of being homolo-
ni'rvo\is i: illation, angina pectoris, and asth- gous also, the moi phologic identity
;
ol parts
ma. Dose tTLxxx-f j:^ ij (2.0-8.0). or organs in dilferent aniujals.

HOMONYMOUS HUMIDITY
Homonymous (ho-mon' -im-us)\oii6q, same ; Horseshoe-kidney. A kidney having some-
ovvfui, a name]. Having the same sound
I. what the shape of a horseshoe, due to a fu-
or name ; having the same relative position. sion of the two kidneys at one of their ends,
H. Diplopia, a form of diplopia in which the usually the lower.
image seen by the right eye is on the right Horseshoe-magnet. A magnet bent in the
side and that seen by the left eye is on the shape of a horseshoe.
left side. H. Hemianopia. See Hemiano- Horseweed. i. The Collinsonia cana<lensis,
pia. an indigenous plant, the root of which (in de-
\i.om.o'Cn^m\\c.[ho-mo-ther'-mik^\oiL6q, same ; coction) is used in cystitis, leukorrhea, dropsy,
2. The Erigeron canadense.
Oippu heat]. Having a uniform temperature. gravel, etc.
Homotoriic i^ho-tno-ton'-ik) [ci/iof ,
same ; Horsley's Method. A method of deter-
rovoq, tone, tension]. Having a uniform or mining the position of the fissure of Rolando
even course. by means of an instrument called a cyrtom-
Homotype [Iip' -mo-tif) \hii6q, same; ri'TOf, eter. encircling the head, and having an arm
a pattern] A part corresponding and simi-
. fixed at an angle of 67°, which indicates the
lar to another part, as the humerus to the position of the fissure. H. Test, a test for
femur. glucose. The urine rendered alkaline is
Honduras Bark {hon-du'-ras bark). Cas- boiled with potassium dichromate if sugar is
;
cara amarga. present, a green color is developed.

Honey [hun'-c) [ME., hony, honey]. See Hospital [hos'-pit-al) [^kospes, a guest]. A
Mel. building for the care and treatment of sick
Hook [AS., hoc, a hook]. A curved instru- or infirm persons. H. Gangrene, a conta-
ment. H., Blunt, an instrument for exer- gious, phagedenic gangrene occasicinally at-
cising traction upon the fetus in an arrested tacking wounds or open sores. It is confined
breech-presentation. H., Malgaigne's, two mainly to military hospitals, and is of mi-
pair of hooks connected by a screw for ap- crobic origin.
proximating the fragments of a fractured pa- [hos^ -pit al- izm) \_hospes, a
-
Hospitalism
tella. H., Tyrrel's, a blunt, slender hook guest]. The morbid conditions arising from
for operations upon the eye. the gathering of diseased persons in a hos-
Hop. See Humuhis. pital.
Hope's Camphor-mixture. A mixture con- Host {host) \^hostis, a stranger, a landlord].
taining nitric acid, camphor-water, and tinc- The organic body upon which parasites live.
ture of opium. It is used in the treatment Hot [ME., hot, hot]. Having or yielding
of serous or choleraic diarrheas. the sensation of heat stimulating
; biting.
;
Hordeolum [hor-de'-o-lum) \hordeum, a H.-air Bath. See Bath. H. Bath. See

grain of barley]. stye A
a furuncular in-
;
Bath.
flammation of the connective tissue of the Hottentotism [hot'-n-tot-izm). An extreme
lids, near a hair-follicle. form of congenital stammering.
Hordeum [L.].
[Jior' -de-ttni) Barley. Hour-glass Contraction. A contraction of
Horehound [hor'-hownd). See Marrubium. a hcillow organ, as the uterus or stomach,
Horizontal (hor-iz-on'-tal') [opt'ûv, the hori- near the middle, producing a condition re-
zon]. Parallel to the horizon. sembling an hour-glass.
Horn. See Cornu. Housemaid's Knee. A chronic inflamma-
Horner's Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. tion of the bursa in front of the patella with
Horny {horn'-e) [ME., horti, horn]. Com- an accumulation of serous fluid.
posed or resembling, horn.
of, Howship's Lacunae, or Pits [John How-
Horopter - -
[hor op' tcr) \opoq, boundary ; ship, an English surgeon].
Minute depres-
bwTJjp, an observer]. The sum of all the sions or pits in bone undergoing absoiption,
points seen singly by the two retince while produced by the action of osteoclasts.
the fixation-point remains stationary. Huguier's Canal. See Canal.
Horripilation [hor-ip-il-a' -s/iun) [horrere, to Humeral {hu'-mer-al) \^luinn'riis. the shoul-
stand on end; pilus, the hair]. Erection der]. Pertaining to the humerus.
of the hairs of the skin produced by the con- Humerus I. The bone
[hu' -mer-us) [E.].
traction of arrectores pili muscles. of the upper arm. 2. The shoulder.
Horse-radish {hors'-rad-ish). Cochlearia Humidity (Jiu mid'-it-e) [htanor, moisture].

armoracia, a plant of the order Crucifenv. The state or quality of being moist ; moist-
The root (Armoracia; radix, U. S. P.) contains ure dampness.
; H., Absolute, the actual
a volatile oil, and is a gastric stimulant and amount of water jiresent in the air at any
diuretic. It is chiefly used as a condiment, moment. H., Relative, the relative amount
but has been employed in medicine in dropsy, of water present in air as compared to what
chronic rheumatism, and scurvy. Dose of the air would contain at the existing temper-
the root 3 ss (2.0J or more. ature were its condition that of saturation.
HUMOR HYDRANGEA
Humor [Jm'-mor) [L., moisture], i. Any Hyaline [hi' -at in) [iiaAof, glass]. Resem-
fluidor semi-fluid part of the l)ody. H., bhng glass. H. Cartilage. See Cartilage.
Aqueous, the transparent fluid of the ante- H. Cast, or Cylinder, a clear, nearly trans-
rior cliamber of the eye. H., Crystalline. jjarent urinary lube-cast. H. Degeneration.
See Lens, Crystalline. H., Vitreous, 'i'he See Degeneration.
transparent gelatin-like substance tilling the [hi al i' tis) [m/of, glass; irir,
- - -
Hyalitis
greater part of the globe of the eye. 2. Dispo- inflammation]. Inflammation of the hyaloid
sition, temperament, as the four humors of membrane of the vitreous humor.
Galen, the choleric, melancholy, phlegmatic, Hyaloid [hi' - al- oid) [m/.of, glass; eJJof,
and sanguine. form]. Transparent; glass-like. H. Artery,
Humoral {hu^-mor-al) \_kumor, moisture]. a branch of the arteria centralis retin.e in the
Pertaining to the natural fluids of the body. embryo, traversing the vitreous humor to the
H. Pathology, that system of pathology ac- posterior capsule of the lens. H. Mem-
cording to which all diseases result from a brane, a delicate, transparent membrane sur-
disordered or ab ormal condition of the fluids rounding the vitreous humor, except in front,
or humors of the body. H. Theory, that where it becomes fibrous and strong and
theory which ascribes the production of im- forms a leaflet of the zonula of Zinn.
munity to the antitoxic or bactericidal action Hyaloplasm {Jii' -al-o-plazm) \ya'/.or, glass ;
of the fluids of the body. KAaafia, plasm]. The fluid portion of the
Humpback [hionp^-bak). See Kyphosis. protoplasm of a living cell.
Humulus i^hii' -niu-lus') [L.]- Hop. The Hybrid {hi'-brid) {yflpiq, insult]. The off-
H. lupulus, which
fruit-cones or strobiles of spring of two individuals of distinct but
yield a powder, lupulin, a volatile oil, and closely related species.
tannin. Hops are tonic and slightly nar- Hydantoin \hi-dan-to'-in), C3H^N202. Gly-
cotic, and are used internally in dyspepsia, colyl urea. A
crystalline substance derived
delirium tremens, and insomnia; locally, as from allantoin and related to urea.
emollient poultices. H., Tinct. Dose ,^j- Hydatid {hi'-dat-id) [wJar/f, vesicle]. A
ij (4.0-S.o). Lupulinum, the glandular cyst-like body with clear contents, especially
powder. Dose gr. v-xv (0.32-1.0). Lu- that formed by the larva of the Ta:nia echino-
puli, Ext. (B. P.). Dose gr. v-x (0.32- coccus. H. Disease, a disease characterized
0.65). Lupuli, Infusum (B. P.). Dose by the presence in various portions of the
f.?.i-'j (32.0-64.0). body of cysts containing the embryo of the
Hunchback [hunch' -bak). See Kyphosis. Taenia echinococcus. H. Fremitus, H.
Hunger [hung'-ger) [AS., hiingor, hunger]. Thrill, a fremitus occasionally obtained on
A condition marked by a sensation of empti- palpating an hydatid cyst. H. Mole. See
ness of the stomach, with a longing for food. Chorion, Cystic Degeneration of,'xwS. Mole. H.
Hunter's Canal [John Himtei-, an English of Morgagni, a small cyst connected with
scientist and surgeon]. See Canal. H.'s the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian
Method, a method of treating aneurysm by tube. In the testicle it is found between the
ligating the artery on the proximal side of testicle proper and the epididymis. It rep-
the sac. resents the remains of the Miilierian duct.

Hunterian Chancre. See Chancre. Hydatidiform [hi-dat-id' -if-orm) [i'(5(jr/f, hy-
Huntingdon's Chorea. See Chorea. datid forma, form].
; Having the form of
Hunyadi Janos Water (Jiunyah'-de yah'- an hydatid. H. Mole. See Chorion, Cystic
nos). An aperient mineral water from Hun- Degeneration of.
gary, containing the sulphates of potassium, Hydracetin (hi-dras' -et-in), C5H.-N2lI.,(C2-

sodium, and magnesium, sodium clilorid and II3O). A coal-tar derivative. It is antipy-
carbonate, iron oxid, and alumina. retic and antirheumatic. Dose gr. yi to ij
Hutchinson's Teeth [Jonathan Hutchinson, (0.032-0.13).

an English physician]. A notched or fur- Hydracid [hi-dras' -id) \y6up, water; and-
rowed condition of the free edges of the per- um, acid]. An acid formed by a comliination
manent teeth, especially the central incisors of hydrogen and an acid element or radicle
of the up[)er jaw, due to inherited syphilis. other than oxygen.
See Hydremia.
Huxley's Layer [Thomas Huxley, an Eng- Hydraemia [hi-dre'-me-ah).
lish biologist]. Alayer of nucleated, elon- Hydragogue (hi'-drag-og) [ixSup, water ;
I. Expelling water. 2.
gated, polygonal cells lying within Ilenle's ayuyoq, leading].
layer of tlie inner root-sheath of hairs.
A purgative that causes copious liijuid dis-
Huygenian Ocular (Jii-je'
-
tie -
an). See charges.
Ocular. Hydramnios {hi-dram'-ne-os) [Mw/), water ;
Hyalin {yakoq, glass],

{hi'-al-in)
trans- A hfanw, fetal membrane]. An abnormal
lucent substance forming the walls of hydatid amount of amniotic fluiil.
Hydrangea [Jtidran' jeah) [vJu/i,

water ;
cysts.
HYDRARGISM HYDROCEniALUS
ayyelov, vessel]. A
genus of saxifragaceous acidi hydriodici, U.S.P.) contains 10 per cent,
shrubs. The root of H. arborescensis of absolute HI. Dose Tr\_xx-xl (r.3-2.6).
contains hydrangin, and is employed in lithia- It is used as an alterative in scrofula, rickets,
sis. etc.
Hydrargism, Hydrargyria, Hydrargyri- Hydro- {hi'-dro-) [w^w/i, water]. A prefix

asis, Hydrargyrism {hi-drar'-gjzi>i, hi- signifying combined with water or with hy-
dni7--jir'-e-ak, hi-dt-ar-jir-i' -as-is, hi-drar'- drogen.
jir-izni). Chronic mercurial poisoning. See ¥iyd.roa[hi-dro'-ah) [I'Jwp, water wdr, egg]. ;
Alcrcurialism. A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin

Hydrargyrum (hi-drar' -jir-uni) \y8papyvpoq, characterized by erythema, papules, pus-
mercury]. See Mercury. tules, vesicles, bulkis, or combinations of these,
and by intense itching. It is also known as
Hydrarthrosis [hi- drar-thro'-sis) [ik^w/j,
water; d/j^/joj', joint]. An accumulation of dermatitis herpetiformis or pemphigus prurigi-
fluid in a joint. nosus.
HydrsLStis [hi-dras'-tis). Goldenseal, a plant Hydrobilirubin [hi dro-bil-e-rt{'-l>in) \_v6u)p,
of the order Rammculaceae. The rhizome and water; bilis, hWe; ruber, red], CjjH^yjNÔ;.
roots of H. canadensis, which contain the A brown-red pigment formed by treating a
alkaloids hydrastin and berberin. It is tonic, solution of bilirubin with sodium amalgam.
and diuretic, and It is probably identical with stercobilin, the
antiperiodic, cholagogue,
has been employed in leukorrhea, cystitis, coloring-matter of the feces, and urobilin,
the pigment of the urine.
constipation, menorrhagia, gonorrhea, dys-
pepsia, etc. Dose of the hydrastin of com- Hydrobromate [hi- dro-bro'-maf) [j;Aj/i,
merce, an impure body, gr. v-x (0.32-0.65); water; j-ipuuog, a stench]. A

salt of hydro-
of the alkaloid, gr. \-\ (o.ooS-0.022). H., bromic acid.

Ext., Fid. Dose f^ss-j (2.0-4.0). H., Hydrobromic [hi-dro-bro'-vn'h)\_v<'ic>p, water;
Glyceritum. Dose f 3 ss-j
(2.0-4.0). pjHjiwQ, stench]. Composed of hydrogen
Hydrate [hi' -drat) [iVJwp, water].
I. A com- and bromin. H. Acid. See Add, Hydro-
pound which may be considered be formed to brortiic. H. Ether, C^H^Br. See Ethyl
by the replacement of half the hydrogen of Bromid.
one or more molecules of water by an elec- Hydrobromid [hi-dro-bro' -mid). Same as
tropositive element or radicle. 2. A salt Hydrobromate.

containing water of crystallization. Hydrocarbon [hi-dro-kar' -boti)\x't^L,)p, water ;
Hydrated (hi' -dra-ted) [Mup, water]. Com- carho, charcoal]. Any compound composed
bined with water. of hydrogen and carbon. All other organic
Hydration (hi-dra'-shuti) \_v<V)p, water]. compounds may be considered as derivatives
The process of combining with water, or of of the hydrocarbons. The chief derivatives
converting into a hydrate. are (i) those containing hydrogen (2) those ;
Hydrazin (Jii-draz' -iti) \yûp, water; azotum, containing oxygen (3) those containing sul-
;
nitrogen], H^N^. I. Diamid; a color- phur and (4) those containing nitrogen. The
;
less, stable, gas, soluble in water, having a principal hydrocarbons are (l) the saturated
:
peculiar odor, and a strong alkaline. reaction. liydrocarbons of the paraffin or marsh-gas
2. One of a class of bodies derived from series (C'nHjn-i-s) (2) the unsaturated hy-
;
hydrazin by replacing one or more of its drocarbons of the olefin series (CnH^,,) and ;
(3) the benzene series

or aromatic hydrocar-
hydrogen atoms by a radicle.
Yi.y6.x&vn\2^[hi-drc' -me-ah) [i'rfwp, water ; niîa, bons (CnHjn-e).
blood]. A
watery condition of the blood. Hydrocele (/^/''-(/ro-5^/ ) \you>p, water; Kiprj,
Hydrencephalocele ( hi-dren-sef -al-o-sel ) tumor]. A collection of serous fluid about

her- the testicle or spermatic cord.
[w5(jp, water; eyKecpa/ng, brain; k^/\;?,
nia]. Hernia of the brain, in which the tu- Hydrocephalic [hi- dro- sef- al'-ik) [i'r5(jp,
mor is in part composed of a watery fluid. water; /cf 9(1/7), head]. Pertaining to or af-
Hydrencephalus {hi-dreyt-sef -al-us'). See fected with hydrocephalus. H. Cry, the
Hvdrocephalns. loud cry of a child, indicating pain in the head.
[hi dro sef- til o set )
- - - -
Hydric {hi'-drik) \l<fiup, water]. Containing Hydrocephalocele
water. water; K£(jirt/J7, head Ktjlrj, a tumor].
[('fSwp, ;
Hydrid [hi'-drid) \_vfiup, water]. A chemic See Hydrencephalocele.

compound containing hydrogen united to an Hydrocephaloid [hi-dro-sef -al-oid) \yû>p,
element or radicle. water; Kutâli], head; ekJof, form]. Pertain-
Hydriodic hi-dre-od' -ik ) [ v(îdp, water ; ing to or resembling hydrocephalus. H.

(
'luSriq, like a violet].Containing hydrogen Disease. See HalF s Disease, Diseases, Ta-
and iodin. H. Acid,HI, a heavy, colorless ble of.
gas, with a suffocating odor and an acid re- Hydrocephalus [hi-dro-sef -al-us) [£'(5(j/),
action. The syrup of hydriodic acid (Syrupus water; KtâAt], head]. A collection of fluid
HYDROCHINONE HYDROI'ERICARDIUM
in the cerebral ventricles (internal II.) or Hydrology {hi drol'- o-jc) [i'f^j, water;
outside the brain-substance (external II.). /.o; or,
science]. A treatise on the nature and
The symiitoras are Progressive enlargement
: uses of water.
of the head, bulging of the fontanels, promi- Hydrolytic {hi-dro- lit' -ik)
{yfiuip, water;
nent forehead, thinness of hair and scalp, dis- Avtiv, to dissolve]. Pertaining to the decom-
tention of the superficial veins, mental im- position of water, or the lilxration of water
pairment, muscular weakness, convulsions. during a chemic reaction. H. Ferments,
Acute external H. is due to inflammation of those causing a combination with the ele-
the meninges, usually tuberculouij acute in- ; ments of water in the substances they decom-
ternal H. is caused by ependymitis. Chronic pose.
H. is either congenital or acquired. Hydromel {hi'-dro-mel) \yfii^p, water; jii'h ,
Hydrochinone [hi-dro-ki'-fion) [i'(5w/j,

water ; honey]. A mixture of honey and water with
quii!one'\. See Hydioquinotie. or without a medicinal substance.
Hydrochlorat*^ (hi - dro klo' -
-
rat) [ySup, Kydromeningitis {hi-dro-wenin-ji'-tis) \y6-
water; ;j;Awpof, green]. Any salt of hydro- wf), water ; membrane iztr, inflam-
fiyviy^, a ;
chloric acid. mation]. I. Inflammation of the mem-

Hydrochloric Acid (Jir-dro-klo'-rik). See branes of the brain or cord, accompanied liy
Acid, Hydrochloric. effusion of serous fluid. 2. Inflammation
Hydrochlorid (hi-dro-klo'-rid) [("'Awp, water; of the membrane of Descemet.
t;A(j/wf, green]. .Same as Hydrochlorate. Hydromeningocele {hi dro-vien-in' -go-sel)
Hydrocirsocele [hi-dro sir'-so-sel) [i'lûp, [i'Jcj/), water; membrane; nrf/r], a
luivr/S,,
water Kipaog, venous enlargement I. A cystic tumor of the
; Kf^'Ar/, ;
tumor]. meninges,
tumor]. Hydrocele accompanied with vari- protruding through the skull. 2. A form of
cose veins of the spermatic cord. spina bifida, in which the sac contains cere-
Hydrocollidin (/// - dro - kol'- id -
in) [("fiw/i, brospinal fluid.
water; Ko/.la, glue], CgHijN. A highly Hydrometer {hi-drom' -et-er) \yûp, water ;
poisonous ptomain obtained from putrefying //erpoy, a measure]. An instrument for de-
mackerel, horse-flesh, and ox-flesh, and said termining the specific gravity of liquids.
to be identical with one obtained from nico- Hydrometra {hi-dro-tne'-trah) [i'(5tjp, water ;
tin. pij-pa, the womb]. A collection of watery

Hydrocyanic {Jii-dro-se-an' -ik). See Cyano- fluid in the uterus.
and Acid, Hydi-ocyanic.
iên, Hydromphalus {hi drom'-fal-ui) \yfndp, wa-
Hydroelectric {hi-dro-e-lek' -trik) \y(ûp, water; navel].
o/z^M/.tii,-,
A
tumor at the navel
ter; 7'/A.eKrpov,electricity]. Pertaining to distended with water.
electricity developed in connection with Hydromyelia {hi-dro-ini-e' -le-ah) or Hydro-
water. H. Bath,
a bath in which the me- myelus {hi-dro-vii' -cl-its) [i'fJwp, water; pre-
of the tub is connected with one
tallic lining '/Mi;,marrow]. Dilatation of the central
pole of a battery, the other pole being in canal of the spinal cord with an accunmla-
contact with the person of the patient. tion of fluid.
Hydrofluoric Acid (Jii-dro-Jlu-or'-ik). See Hydronaphtol {hi-dro-naf'-tol) [frfw/j,
wa-
Acid and Fluorin. ter; asphalt].
I'liofâ, A
substance probably
Hydrogen (hi'-dro-jen) [wSoip, water; ytv- identical with beta-naphtol, and like it used
I'di', to produce]. Symbol ;
H
atomic weight as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose gr. iij-iv
I
quantivalence I.
;
A combustible, gaseous (0.20-0.26).
element, feebly basic, and occurring in nature Hydronephrosis {hi-dro-ncfro' -sis) \yûp,
in greatest abundance combined with oxygen water; vtopoq, kidney]. A collection of
in the form of water, HÔ. It is present in urine in the pelvis of the kidney from ob-
nearly all organic compounds, and is a constant structed outflow. The pressure of the fluid
constituent of acids. H. Monoxid, H.Ô, causes in time atrophy of the kidney struc-
water. H. Dioxid, or H. Peroxid, H.Ô^, ture, and the whole organ is converted into
an unstable liquid which readily yields up a large cyst.
an atom of oxygen, and hence is a power- Hydronephrotic {hi-dro-nef-rot' -ik) [iVup,
ful oxidizer. strongly antiseptic. Aqua
It is water; kidney]. Relating to. aflectcd
rf(J>/)6(:,
hydrogenii dioxidi (U. S. P.), contains 3 with, or of the nature of, hydronephrosis
per cent, of pure Wfi.j^. It is useful as an Hydropathy {hi-drop'-uth-c-) [ii'w/i, water ;
antiseptic application to inflamed mucous Tvadoq, disease]. The treatment of diseases
membranes in diphtheria, scarlet fever, gon- by the use of water, extern.iUy and inter-
orrhea, etc., and as a cleansing agent of sup- nally.
purating cavities. Hydropericardium {hi-dro-per-ik-nr' dc iiin)
Hydrolein water olcutn, [i(5o)/), water; around Aa/>(5.(i, heart].
Tt/if, ;
(///-(/rf)/^-<?-?«) [jkSw/), ;
oil]. A proprietary remedy, an emulsion of A collection of semm within the pericardial

cod-liver oil with pancreatin and borax. cavity.
HYDROPERITONEUM HYDROXYLAMIN
Hydroperitoneum ( hidro-pcr-il-on-e'-uni ) Hydrorrhea [iJup, water;
(Jii-dror-e'-ah')
[(•(Su/j,
water ; peritoncuiif^. Ascites. /'lo/a, flow]. A
flow of watery liquid. H.,
Hydrophobia {lii-dro-fo'-be-ah) [['(^wp, water; gravidarum, a discharge from the pregnant

An acute infectious disease uterus of thin mucus that accumulates as a
(l>u,3or, diead].
communicated to man by the bites of animals result of excessive secretion of the uterine
suffering from rabies. The period of incuba- glands.

tion is variable, the average being from three Hydrosalpinx (/z/-t/;-i>-.y«/'-//«-^j)[£if5w/), water;
to six months. The disease begins with ma- trumpet].
Ga'ATiC-}^,
A distention of the I'al-
laise, slight spasmodic movements, and en- lopian tube with fluid.
largement of the lymphatic glands in the Hydrosarcocele (hi-dro-sar'-ko-scl ) [i'^c^'P,
Soon Sarcocele
neighborhood of the original wound. water; uii/j^, flesh, «///.'/, hernia].
the true hydrophobic state sets in it is char- — with hydrocele.
acterized by tonic spasm of the muscles of Hydrostat(/»-rt'w'-.fA?/)[i'f5(jp, water; Icrdvai,
deglutition, excited by an effort
at swallowing to stand]. An apparatus for preventing the
water or even at the sight of water. The spilling of the fluid of electric batteries dur-
pulse is rapid, there is a slight fever,
and ing transportation.
-
usually profuse salivation. Toward the end Hydrostatic or Hydrostatics (Jii-dro-staf
paralysis may develop.
The disease is ik OT iks) water; IcTaiai, to stand].
[i'rfwp,
nearly always fatal. Pasteur has proposed a The science treating of the properties of
method of prophylaxis, consisting in the in- liquids in a state of equilibrium.
the spinal cord of Acid
jection of material from Hydrosulphuric (Jii-dro-sul-fu' -7-ik).
animals dead of rabies. See Acid.
-
Hydrophobic {hi-dro-fo'-bik) \y6u)p, water; Hydrotherapeutics {Jii-dro-ther-ap-u' tiks)
Pertaining or of the nature
to, [if'wp,water; depaTreveiv, to heal]. The
(f)6[ôc, dread] .
of, hydroiihobia. H. Tetanus, 'iee Tetanus. treatment of disease by means of water, or

the use of water in the treatment of disease.
Hydrophobophobia [hy-dro-fo bo-fo' -be-ah)
[i)(5u/),water; <ô'ôq, fear]. An intense Hydrotherapy (hi-dro-ther'ap-c). See Hy-
dread of hydrophobia a condition produc- ; drciflter'apeutics.
ing a state simulating true hydrophobia. Hydrothionammonemia {Jii-dro-thi-on-am-

Hydrophthalmia (hi droff thai' vie ah)
- - - - o-7ie' 6aov, sulphur; am-
-me-a}l)\l'lûp,\\^.^.tx \
An increase monia, ammonia a'lfta, blood].

The condition
[ifiw/i, water; oij)da'/./ii6^, eye].
;
in the fluid contents of the eye causing the produced by the presence of ammonium sul-
organ to become distended, resulting in glau- phid in the blood.
coma, keratoglobus, staphyloma, etc. Hydrothionemia (hi - dro - thi-on - e'- me -ah)
Per- water; ('fior, sulphur a'tîn, blood].
Hydropic (hi drop' -2^) [Mpwi/', dropsy]. [irûp, ;
taining to dropsy, dropsical.

The condition produced by the presence of
Hydropneumatosis (hi-dro nu mat- o'- sis)

- -
hydrogen sulphid in the blood.
[i'(5wp, -vevuaruaig, inflation].
water; A Hy drothionuria {hi - dro - thi - on- u'- re - ah)
collection of fluid and air or other gas within [i'iiop water; ^fZoi', sulphur ; ovpov, urine].
the tissues. The presence of hydrogen sulphid in the
urine.
Hydropneumopericardium (fii-dro-nu-mo-
Hydrothorax water
per-ik-ar' -de-uitt) [if^wp, water ; 7ri'er//(j,
air ; [hi-dro-tho'-raks)['v6up, ;
KepimpiUop, pericardium]. collection of A ^tjpa,f,chest]. The presence of serous fluid

serum and air or other gas within the peri- in the pleural cavity, due to a passive effusion,
cardium. as in cardiac, renal, and other diseases.
-
mo -
tho'- Hydrotomy (hi-drof -o-me) \y6uip,
water
Hydropneumothorax [hi-dro-nu
;
raks) [i't5w/), water ; nvevua, dtopaS, air ; riuveiv, to cut]. A

method of dissecting
The presence of serous fluid and tissues by the forcible injection of water into
thorax].
air or gas in the pleural cavity. the arteries and capillaries, whereby the
structures are separated.
Hydrops (hi'-drops) [i'f^pwi/', dropsy].
Dropsy. H. articuli, a watery effusion into Hydroxid [hi-droks' -id) \yfiup water; ofvf,
the synovial cavity of a joint. sharp]. A
metallic or basic radicle com-
Hydroquinin [Wup, water;

(Jii-dro-kivin' -in)
bined with one or more hydroxyl groups.
from
ijuina, Peruvian bark], Q^H^gNjO,.
An al- Ilydroxids may be regarded as formed
kaloid obtained from cinchona, and frequently water (HOH) by the substitution for one of
its hydrogen atoms of a metal or basic radicle.
contaminating quinin.
Hydroquinone (hi-dro-kivin'-oit), CgHÔ,. Synonym of Plydrate.
An isomer of resorcin and pyrocatechin, Hydroxyl {hi-droks' -il) [ir^wp, water 6^vq, ;
the com-
found in arbutin (see Uva ursi), and also ob- sharp]. The univalent radicle, OH,
tained from quinin and quinone, etc. It is bination of which with basic elements or
and Dose gr. xv-xx radicles forms the hydroxids.
antipyretic antiseptic.
(
1.
0-1.3). Unof. Hydroxylamin {hi-droks-il' -am-in) [yJwp,
HYDRURIA IIVl'ERCATllARSlS
water; oûf, sharp; a»i/n'\. NH.ÔII. A Hyoscin {hi'-o-siti) [?V-, hog; ala/ior^ bean],
basic substance, known only in solution in Cj^H.^jNUj. A liquid alkaloid found in hy-
water or in combination with acids. Its oscyamus. It a powerful (le[>ressant of the
is
hydrochloriil has been used as a substitute cerebrum and the motor centers of the cord,
for chrysarobin in skin-tliseases. and is employed in insomnia, mania, and ex-
Hydruria (Jii-dru'-re-ali) [yJw/), water ; oviwv, cessive sexual excitement. The hydrobro-
urine]. The discharge of a large quantity mate is most commonly administered. Dose
of urine of low specific gravity. .^"r- riu—vo (0.0005-0.00075).
Hygiene \[')Leivoq, good for the
{hi-jc-en) Hyoscyamin (///
- -
si' - am -
in) [t'f , hog ;
health]. The
science that treats of the laws Kva/ux;, bean], CpIIj.,N03. -^^ alkaloid oc-
of health and the methods of their observ- curring in hyoscyamiis. It is isomeric with
ance. atropin, is a mydriatic, narcotic, and sedative.
Hygienic [hi-je-en'-ik) \_i'yi£Lv6g, good for Dose gr. ^'-^ (0.0005).
the health]. P rtaining to hygiene, as H. Hyoscyamus -
(/// os
-
si' - am -
tes) [I'f , hog ;
treatment, that which simply guards against Kvnuoc, bean]. Henbane, a plant of the or-
infraction of the laws of health. der Solanacesc. The leaves and Howering
Hygrin (hi'-grin) [i'yp(5f , moist from its ; tops of H. niger yield the alkaloids hyoscy-
li<iuidform], Cj.^HjjN. A liquid alkaloid, amin and hyoscin. It is sedative to the ner-
derived from coca. vous system, and has been employed in hys-
Hygroma {Jii-gro'-mah') \_vyp6q, moist otia, ; teria, cough, and colic, and to relieve pain in
tumor]. A bursa, or newly-formed sac, dis- rheumatism, headache, and malignant tumors.
tended with fluid. H., Ext. Dose gr.j-ij (0.065-0. 13). H.,
Hygrometer [hi-grom'-et-er) [I'/pof, moist ; Ext., Fid. Dose n\,v-x (0.32-0.65). H.,
fiETpov, measure]. An instrument for deter- Succus (B. P.). Dose f 3 s.s-j (2.0-4.0).
mining quantitatively the amount of moisture H., Tinct. Dose f.^ss-j (2.0-4.0).
in the air. Hypacousis, Hypacusia, Hypacusis, or
Hygrometric {Jii-gro-met'-rik') \lyimr, moist; Hypakusis {hip-ak- u'-sis, hip-ak-ic'-ze-ah)
/xtT/K)i', measure]
I. Pertaining to hygrom-
.
[I'To, under ; dKODaff, hearing]. Impairment
etry. 2. Readily absorbing water ; hygro- of hearing.
scopic. Hypalbuminosis {hip-al-bii-titin-o'-sis) [i'-o,
Hygrometry (Jii-grom'-et-re) [(''}'p<5f ,
moist ; under; alhuinc>i\. Diminution in the pro-
jutTpov,measure]. The measurement of the portion of albumin in the blood.
moisture of the air. Hyper- [hi'-per-) [I'Tfp, above]. A Greek
Hygroscopic {Jii-gro-skop^ -ik) \yyp6q, moist ; ]5refix signifying above, beyond, or excessive.
aKoTvav, to see]. Having the property of Hyperacidity [ki-per-as-id' -il-e) [I'-ffi, over ;
absorbing moisture from the air. acidmn, acid]. Excess of acidity.

Hymen {hi'-meii)[/'//'/i', membrane].
The Hyperacousis, Hyperacusia, Hyperacu-
fold of mucous membrane that partially oc- sis, or Hyperakusis {^hi-per-ak-u'-sis, hi-
cludes the vaginal orifice. per-ak-ti'-ze-ak) [i'~fp, over; aKoxmiq, hear-
Hymenal [/li'-me-nal) [vti'iv, membrane]. ing]. Morbid acuteness of the sense of hear-
Pertaining to the hymen. ing auditory hyperesthesia.
;
Hymenitis [hi-men-i'-tis) [iV"/''> membrane; Hyperactivity [hi -per - ak - tiv'- it-e) [/'Tf'/',
/7if, inflammation]. Inflammation of the over agere, to do].
;
Excessive or abnormal
hymen, or of any membranous structure. activity.
Hymenology {Jii-mcn-ol' -o-je) [i)/f//r,
mem- Hyperaemia (hi-per-e' -me-ali). See Hyper-
brane :
science].
7i6yoi:,
The science of the emia.
nature, structure, functions, and diseases of Hyperaesthesia [tii-per-es-lhe' -ze-aJi). See
membranes. I/vperesthesia
Hyoepiglottic {Jii
- -
ep
- e -glot'-ili)
\yoELAr)q Hyperakusis (hi-per-ak-u' -sis). See Hypera-
hyoid 'fniy'kuTTiq, epiglottis].
; Relating to cousis.
the hyoid bone and the epiglottis. Hyperalbuminosis {hi-per-al-bu-min-o'-sis)
Hyoglossal (hi-o-glos'-al) [('Of/r5;/r, hyoid; \_i-<TTtp,
albumen, albumin].
over; An in-
y/(jn(ja, tongue]. E.xtending from the hyoid crease in the amount of albumin in the blood.
bone to the tongue. Hyperalgesia (hi- per- al -je' -ze-ah) [/-'//),
Hyoglossus See Muscles, over; iYA)i]aig, pain]. Excessive sensibility
{/i/'-o-g/os^-tfs).
Table of.
to pain.
Hyoid Greek letter upsilon

\hi'-oid) [Y, the ; Hyperbulia (Jii-per-bu'-leah) [/'T^/i, over;
t«5or, resemblance]. Having ihe form of the jiovU], will]. Exaggerated wilfulness; ab-
Greek letter upsilon. H. Bone, a bone situ- normal development of will-power.
ated between the root of the tongue and the Hypercatharsis {hiper-kath-ar'-si.<:) [v-fp,
Excessive purg-
larynx, supporting the tongue and giving at- over; /tdtâpcrtf, cleansing].
tachment to its muscles. ing.
22
HYPERCHOLIA HYPERPSELAPHESIA
Hypercholia (Jii-per-ko'-le-aJi) [I'-fp, over; [iVfp, over; '/EvKoq, white; kvtoc,, cell].
\o/J], bile]. An excessive secretion of bile. An increase in the number of leukocytes in
Hypercyesis [hi-per-si-e'-sis) \y'iikp,
over ;
the blood.
kvjjok;,conception]. Superfetation. Hypermastia (hi-per-mas'-te-ah)\i-iip, over ;
Hyperdicrotic [hi -per- di krot'-ik) [y-ep,

-
paa-ror, breast]. Excessive development of
over; d/Kporor, a double beat]. Affected the mammary gland.
with marked or delayed dicrotism a condi- ; Hypermetropia [hi-per-me-tro' -pe-ah) . Same
tion in which the aortic notch is below the as Hyperopia.
base-line. Hypermetropic [hi-pcr-me-trop' -ik) [I'-fp,
Hyperdistention (Jiiper-dis-ten' -shun) [i'Trep, over; //frpor, measure ; wi/', eye]. Affected
over; distenJere, to stretch]. Forcible or with, or pertaining to, hypermetropia.
extreme distention. Hyperonychia [hi -per
-
o-nik'-eah) [i-kp,
Hyperdynamia {hi-pc7--di nam' -e-ah) [iVt'p, over; bi'v^, nail]. Hypertrophy of the nails.
over; divauig, energy]. Excessive strength Hyperope [hi' -per -op) [I'-fp, over; u^p,
or exaggeration of nervous or muscular func- sight]. One who is affected with hyperopia.
tion. Hyperopia {Jii-per-o' -pe-ah) \y-i:p, over; wi/',
Hyperemesis over
(Jii-per-em'-es-is) \y-fp, ; sight]. That condition of the refractive
Efieaic, Excessive vomiting.
vomiting]. media of the eye in which, with suspended
Hyperemia (Jii-per-e'-me-ah) \y~kp, over ; accommodation, the focus of parallel rays of
aifia, blood]. Excessive blood in a part. H., light is behind the retina. It is due to an ab-
Active, that caused by an excessive supply normally short anteroposterior diameter of

of blood going to a part. H., Passive, the eye, or to a subnormal refractive power
that caused by an impediment to the removal of its media. H., Absolute, that which
of the blood. cannot be corrected completely by accommo-
Hyperencephalus (hi -per - en -
sef- a
-
lus) dation, so that there is indistinct vision even
[I'-fp, over; b, Kt<pa7.o^ , brain]. A variety of for distance. H., Axial, that due to abnor-
single autositic monsters in which the upper mal shortness of the anteroposterior diameter
jiortion of the skull is entirely lacking. of the eye, the refractive power being normal.
Hypererythrocythemia {hi-per-er-ith-io-si- H., Facultative, that which may be cor-
the'-me ah) [tWp, over; epvOpog, red kvto^, ;
rected by the accommodation, so that there is
cell aiua, blood]
; Excess of red corpuscles
. distinct vision at a distance. H., Latent,
in the blood. that part of the total H. that cannot be over-
Hyperesthesia [hi-per-es-the' -zc-ah) \h-ip, come by the accommodation, or the difference
over; njff^/yrr/f,
sensational]. Excessis'e sen- between the manifest and the total hyperopia.
sibility of the skin. H., Manifest, that which the accommoda-
Hypergeusia [hi-per-gtt'-se-ah) [i'-fp, over ;
tion can overcome, or that corrigible by a
yevatc, taste]. Abnormal acuteness of the convex glass aided by the accommodation.
sense of taste. H., Relative, a high hyperopia in which
Hyperglobulia [hi-per-glo-hi' -le-ah) l_r~gp, distinct vision is possible only when excessive
over; globus, a ball]. An increase in the convergence made.
H., Total, the en-
is
number of the red blood-corpuscles. tire hyperopia, both latent and manifest.
Hyperhidrosis, or Hyperidrosis {hi-per- Hyperosmia (hi-per-oz' -me-ah) [vTTfp, over ;
hid-ro' -sis or hi-per-id-ro'-sis) [vnep, over ;

, oGuij, smell]. An abnormally acute sense of
Wpwf, sweat]. Excessive sweating. smell.
Hyperinosis (Jii-per-in-o'-sis) \y~ep, over; Hyperostosis [hi-per-os-to'-sis) \\>-kp, over ;
ic, fiber] . An
excessive increase in the oarinv. bone]. A bony outgrowth.
fibrin-factors in the blood. Hyperplasia (hi-per-pla' -ze-ah) [iwfp, over;
Hyperinvolution [Jii -per- in vo- hi'- shun)-
molding].
it'/xwk:, Excessive formation of
over; involvere,X.o roll around].
i'TTfp, Ex- tissue an increase in the size of a tissue or
;
cessive involution of an organ after enlarge- organ owing to an increase in the number of
ment, as of the uterus after pregnancy, re- cells also termed numerical hypertrophy.
;
sulting in a reduction below the normal size. Hyperplastic [hi-per-plas'-tik] \_v~ep, over;
Hyperkeratosis {hi-per-ker-at-o'-sis) [t'-fp, TT/MariKoi;, fit for molding]. Pertaining to
over; /cfprtf, horn, cornea]. I.
Hypertrophy hyperplasia.
of the cornea. 2. Hypertrophy of the Hyperpnea
horny (hi-per-pne'-ah) \y-ip, over;
layer of the skin. Tzvorj, breath]. Panting or exaggerated res-
Hyperkinesia (ki-per-kin-e'-se-ah) [I'-fp. piration.
over; K/iv/cr/f, energy]. Excessive movement, Hyperpraxia - -
(hi per pi-aks' e-ah) [i'^-fp, -
as that associated with muscular spasm. over Trpaf ff , exercise].

;
The restlessness
Hyperleukocythemia (Jii-per-lu-ko-si-the'- of movement characterizing certain foria's of
tfie-ah). See Hyperleukocytosis. mania.
Hyperleukocytosis {hi-per-lu-ko-si-to' -sis) Hyperpselaphesia (Jii-
-
per-sel-af e' -ze-ah)
HYPERPYREXIA HYPOCHLORITE
TvKip, over; i/v/AaÂ/a/r, touch]. Abnormal noj'-en-us) [yTrwf ,
sleep ; ytvvav, to pro-
increase of tactile sensiliility. duce]. Producing or inducing sleep.
I.
Hyperpyrexia [Iii-per- pi-reks' -e-aJi) [wTTf/i, 2. Inducing hypnotism.

over; TXVi>, lire;
have]. Exces-^X^'-^'i to Hypnolepsy lyhip' -no-lep-se) \yiTvoc, sleep ;
sively high body-temperature. By some the ^'V'l'iC, seizure]. Excessive sleepiness.

term is used only when the temperature is Hypnology {hip-tiol'-o-je) [xmvoc, sleep;
above lo6° F. /o}or, science]. The science dealing with
Hyperresonance [Iii-per-res' -o-nans) [I'Trtyj, sleep or with hypnotism.
over ; 7-csonani-f\. Increased resonance on Hypnone {hip' -non). See Acetophenone.
percussion. Hypnosis [kip- no' -sis) \ynvoq, sleep]. i.
Hypersecretion {Jiipcr-se-kre' -shiiti) [v—ep, The condition produced by hypnotizing. 2.

over; jt'^tw/cw, to separate]. Excessive se- The production of sleep also, the gradual ;
cretion. a]ii)roach of sleep.

Hyperthermia [lii prr-tJter'-ine-ah'). Eleva- Hypnotic {hip-not' -ik) [_v-voc,, sleep], i.
tion of temperature al)ove the normal. Inducing sleep. 2.

Pertaining to hypnotism.
Hypertrichiasis, Hypertrichosis [hi-per- T,. A remedy thafcauses sleep.
tri/i-i'-as-is, hi-- per -trik-o' -sis). Excessive Hypnotism {hip'-not-izm) \\)Tcvoq, sleep]. A
growth of hair of a part or the whole of the state of artificial somnambulism or trance,
body. induced in certain persons by concentrating
Hypertrophy \ymjp, over ;

{Jii-per'-tro-fe) the gaze on a small object, or on a revolving
Tpofij, nourishment]. An increase in the mirror, or by complete subjection of their
size of a tissue or organ independent of the will to that of another, at whose command
general growth of the body. H., Compen- the hypnotic state develops. Three stages
satory, that resulting from the increased are described, —
the cataleptic, the lethargic,
activity of an organ to make up some defici- and the somnambulistic.
ency in a paired organ, or in itself. H., Hypnotization {hip-not- iz-a'-s/itm) [^'vivvot;,
Concentric, of the heart, increase in the sleep ; facers, to make] . The induction of
thickness of the walls, without increase in hypnotism.
the size of the organ, but with diminution in Hypo- {hi'-po-) [i'tto, under]. prefix de- A
the capacity of its chambers. H., Excen- noting I. Deficiency or lack.
: 2. Below or
tric, of the heart, hypertrophy with dilatation. beneath, opposed to epi-, upon. 3. Of acids
H., False, an increase in some one constit- and salts, denoting those having a less num-
uent tissue of an organ, usually the connec- ber of atoms of oxygen than other compounds
tive tissue. H., Numeric, H. due to an inof the same elements.
crease in the number of cells. H., Simple. Hypoblast {hi' -po-hlast) [iVo, under /Waa- ;
1 . That in which there

increase in the size is rof, sprout]. The internal layer of the
of the individual cells. 2. Of the heart, in- blastoderm, also called the endoderm, en-
creased thickness of the walls, the size of the doblast, or entoderm. P'rom it is developed
. cavities remaining unchanged. H., True, an the intestinal epithelium (except that of the
increase of the component tissues of an
all mouth and anus), and that of the glands open-
organ giving increased power. ing into the intestines, and the epithelium of
Hypesthesia [hip-es-(/ie^-ze-ak) [vttS, under ;
the air-passages.
fliCTfiz/CT/r, sensation]. Impairment of sensa- Hypobromite {hy-po-bro' -mit) \j:7:6, under;
tion ;
lessened tactile sensibility. (ipo)/ioq,stench]. A
salt of hypobromous
Hyphemia {hi-fe'-me-ah') \y-6, under ; a\aa, acid. H. Method, a method of estimating

blood]. I. Oligemia; deficiency of blood. the quantity of urea in urine, based upon the
2. Hemorrhage in the anterior chamber of fact that when urea is acted upon by sodium
the eye. hypobromite it is decomposed into nitrogen,
Hyphomycetes [Jii-fo-ini-se' -tez) \h<^ri,
web ;
carbon dioxid, and water. From the volume
lii'i<'l(;, fungus]. The molds. of nitrogen evolved the quantity of urea can
Hypinosis [h.ip-in-o'-sis') \jmii, under; Iq, be determined.
Ii'Of, fiber]. A deficiency of fibrin-factors in Hypobulia {hi-po-bu'-lc-ah) [/'to, under ;
the blood. I'hvAr/, will].Deficiency of will-power.

Hypnal {hip'-nal') \yTivoq, sleep]. drug A Hypochlorhydria {hi -po - klor - hi'-dre - ah)
com[)osed of antipyrin and chloral hydrate, [i;,To, under; ;\;/wpof, green £if5(jp, water]. ;
and used as an hypnotic. Dose gr. xv (l.o). A condition in which there is a diminished
Unof. amount of hydrochloric acid in the gastric
Hypnic [hip'-nik) [i'lTri'/wir, producing sleep]. juice.
I.
Pertaining to or inducing sleep. 2. An Hypochlorite {hi-po-ldo'-rit) [/'-o, under ;
agent that induces sleep. jA(j/)Of, green]. Any of hypochlorous

salt
Hypnogenetic, Hypnogenic, Hypnogen- acid, HCIO. The most important are those
ous {Jiip-no-jen-et' -ik, hip-no-jen'-ik, hip- of calcium and sodium.
HYPOCHONDRIAC HYPOTHERMIA
Hypochondriac {Iii -po -kon'-dre-ak) \h-6, \h~6, under; fie'Acq xo^'^< melancholia].
under; vt^r(S/wr, cartilage]. I. Pertaining to Aloderate melancholia ;
melancholia without
the hypochondrium. 2. A person who is delusions.
affected witli hypochondriasis. Hypometropia (hi-po-7Jie-tro' -pe-ali) [/-o,
Hypochondriasis [hi-po-kon-dri' -as-is) \_i'nO- under; pirpov, measure; wi/', vision].
Xov^juaKuq, affected in the hypochondria]. Myopia.
A condition in which the patient believes him- Hypopepsia [Jii-po-pep' -se-ah) \y~o, under ;
self suffering from grave bodily diseases. Ttt^nq, digestion]. Subnormal digestive
Hypochondrium (^hi-po-kon' -dre-tim) \}'~6, power.
under; ,V"'''V""-'. cartiLage]. The upper lat- Hypophosphite [hi-po-fos' -fit) [iiro, under;
eral region of the abdomen beneath the lower phosphorus']. A salt of hypophosphorous
ribs. acid. Those of calcium, iron, potassium, and
Hypodermatic (hi-po-der-maf -ik') \_h~6,
un- sodium are official. Syrupus hypophos-
der; skin].
fif/«/o, Placed or introduced be- phitum contains the hypophosphites of cal-
neath the skin, as H. injection. cium, potassium, and sodium. Dose f,^j-ij
Hypodermatoclysis or Hypodermoclysis (4.0-8.0). Syr. hypophosphitum cum ferro
ki-po-der-niok' -lis- contains syrupus hypophosphitum, ferrous lac-
[hipo-der-inat-ok'-lis-is,
and potassium citrate. Dose f^j-ij
is) \y-d, under; 6epua, skin;
k'/jg/c. injec- tate,
tion]. The introduction

into the subcutaneous (4.0-8.0). Both are used in wasting diseases,
tissues of large quantities of fluids, especially in scrofula, rickets, etc.
of normal saline solution. Hypophosphorous Acid {hi-po-fos-fo' -rt4s)

Hypodermic [Jiipo-der' -inik^. See Hypo- H.^PO.^. A monobasic acid, used chiefly in
dernidtic. the form of its salts. See Hypophosphite.
Hypogastric [hi-po-gas'-trik) \['-6, under ; Acidum hypophosphorosum dilulum (U.S.P.)
yaari/p, the belly.] Pertaining to the hypo- istonic. Dose n\^x-xxx (0.65-2.0).
gastrium. Hypophysis (hipojf^-is-is) [v-6, under oi'f/r, ;
Hypogastrium -po-gas'-tre- iini) [I'-d,

(Jii
to grow]. An outgrowth. H. cerebri, the
under; ^jaarijp, stomach]. The lower me- pituitary body.
dian anterior region of the abdomen. Hypoplasia i^hi po-pla' -ze-ah) [i~o,
under ;
Hypogeusia {lii-po-gu'-se-ah) \y-6, under; to

mold].
7r/.<((7f7en', Defective development
Diminution in the sense of of any organ or tissue.
)£i)(7<C, taste].
- -
taste. Hypopselaphesia {lii - pop sel af- e'-ze-ah)
\[--(i, under;
Diminu-
Hypoglossal {hipo-glos' -al) \i'-o, under; t\nf/Aiîiai(;, touch].
y/i'jana, tongue]. Situated under the tongue. tion of sensitiveness to tactile impressions.
H. Nerve. See Menkes, Table of. Hypopyon {hi-po'-pe-o>t) [t to, under ; ~l<ov,
Hypoglossus [y-6, under;
[hi-po-glos'-us) jius].
A
collection of pus in the anterior
yTiCiaaa, tongue]. The

hypoglossal nerve. chamber of the eye.
Hypoglottis [hi-po-glof -is) \y-6, under ; Hyposmia {hi-poz'-me-ah) [iVd, under; hafiij,
V/Sdnaa, tongue]. I. The under part of the smell]. Diminution of the sense of smell. .
tongue. 2. A swelling at the under part of the Hypospadia, or Hypospadias {hi-po-spa'-

tongue, as a ranula. de-ah, hi-po-spa' -de-as) [r-(i, under; a-av,
Hypognathous [^hi-pog' -na-thtis) [irro, under ;
to draw]. A
condition in which the urethra
)'vaikK, j^w]. Having the lower mandii)le opens upon the under surface of the penis.
[hi fos' -tas-is) [iitto, under;
-
longer than the upper. Hypostasis
Hypognathus {fii-pog' -na-thns) [I'-o, under; stasis\ I. A
settling; also, the sediment.
yrddo(;. jaw]. A double monstrosity in 2. The settling of blood in the dependent
which the parasite is attached to the inferior parts of the body.
-
\y-6, under;
- -
stat'
maxillary bone. Hypostatic {Jii po ik)
Hypohidrosis [hi-po-hid-ro' -sis) [t'-o, under; stasis].

Due to, or of the nature of, hypo-
('Vûcr/f, sweating]. Scanty perspiration. stasis. H. Congestion. See Hypostasis.
Hypokinesia, or Hypokinesis (hi-po-kiu-e'- H. Pneumonia. See Pneutnoma.
se-ak, or hi-po kin-e'-sis) \j'~6, under; Hyposthenia {hi-po-sthe-ne'-ah) \y-6, under ;
Kirr/mc, Deficiency in motor reac- aOii'oc, strength]. Weakness.

motion].
tion under stimulation. Hypothenar {hi-poth^-en-ar) [v-o, under ;
Hypoleukocytosis (Aipo-lu-ko-si
- (o^ -
sis) tUvdp, palm]. The fleshy eminence on the
[i'To, under; PftiKoc,
white Krroo, cell]. A; palm of the hand over the metacarpal bone
diminution of the number of leukocytes in of the little finger. Also, the prominences on
the blood. the palm at the base of the fingers.
Hypomania {Jii-po-ma'-ne-ah) [r-o, under; Hypothermal {hi-po-ther'-mal) \_v-6, under;
/lavia,madness]. A moderate degree of ''/p/"y- Slightly hot; tepid.
hfat].
maniacal exaltation. Hypothermia (Jii-po-ther' -me-ah) \{m6, un-
Hypomelancholia (^hi po-?iie-lan-ko'-le-ah) der i^kpurj, heat]
;
Subnormal temperature.
.
HYPOTONIA HYSTRICIASIS
Hypotonia, or Hypotonus [lii-po-to'-ne-ali ,
these symptoms many others are at times
or hi-pot' -o-niis) [i'To, under; rovoq, ten- noted, as
anorexia, vomiting, salivation,
sion]. Decrease of normal tonicity or ten- polyuria, anuria, etc.
sion especially diminution of intraocular
; Hysteric {his-tcr'-ik) {harkpa, womb]. Per-
pressure. taining to hysteria.
Hypoxanthin {/li-po-zdit'ehitt) \_l'-6, under; Hysterics {his-ter'-iks) \ya-i:pa, womb]. A
âvtior,yellow], CjH^NÔ. A nonpoisonous popular term for the hy.steric attack.
leukomain, also known as sarcin or sarkin. It Hysteritis {his-ter-i'-tis). See Metritis.
occurs, accompanying adenin and guanin, in Hystero- [his' -ter-o-) \_vartf)a, uterus]. A
nearly all the animal tissues and organs rich prefix signifying relation to the uterus or to
in nucleated cells. In niinute quantities it liysteria.
is a normal constituent of urine. It has also Hysterocleisis -
o -
kli'- sis)
(his-ter \_l<(jTfpa,
been found in plants, seeds, ferments, and womb; KAdnic, closure]. The closure of the
wines. It is a crystalline body, soluble in uterus by suturing the edges of the os.
cold and boiling water, insoluble in cold Hysteroepilepsy {his-tcr-o-tp' -e-hp-se) \ha~k-
alcohol or ether. Hypoxanthin appears to l>ii,
womb ;
a laying hold of].
f7r/A;/i/«r, A
be one of the products formed by the decom- form of hysteria accompanied by convulsions
position and successive oxidation of proteid resembling those of epilepsy.
matter previous to the formation of uric acid Hysterogenic, Hysterogenous [Jiis-ter-o-
and urea. It is produced from adenin by
jen'-ik, his-ter-oj' -€n-iis)\haTinm, womb ; ytv-
the action of nitrous acid. vdv, to beget]. Causing or producing an
Hyssop [/lis' -op) \_'vaauTvo<;, an aromatic hysteric attack, as H. zones, certain regions
plant]. Hedge-hyssop. The leaves and pressure upon which excites an hysteric
tops of Hyssopus officinalis, an aromatic stim- paroxysm .
ulant, carminative, and tonic, employed in Hysteroid (///.f''-/^;--^/</) [/-irrfpa, womb ;

d-
chronic catarrh of the respiratory tract. (hir,form]. I.
Resembling hysteria. 2.
iJose of the lid. ext. f 3J-ij (4.0-8.0). Unof. Pertaining to hysteroepilepsy.
- -
Hysteralgia [his-ter-al' je- ah) [ i'(Trt'/)rt, Hysterometry [his tcr -
oiu'- et -
re) \iCTir\m,
womb ; akyoq, pain]. Neuralgic pain in womb; ^fr/jox', measure]. The measurement
the uterus. of the size of the uterus.
Hysterectomy {his ter-ek' -io-me) [varEpa, Hysteroneurosis [his-ter-o-nu-ro' -sis) \yaTt-
vvomi) (KToiiij, z. cutting out].
; Excision of pn, womb; rfvpov, nerve]. A reflex neurosis
the uterus through the abdomen (abdominal resulting from irritation of the uterus.
H.), or the vagina (vaginal H). Hysteropathy [his
-
ter-op '-aih-e) l_vaTepa,
Hysteria (Iiis-te' -7-e-ah) [{'or/yift, womb, from womb; Trdfôf,
disease]. Any disease or dis-
the ancient belief that the condition depen- order of the uterus.
ded upon uterine disease]. A diseased Hysteropexy [his'- ter o peks e) \i<a7ipa, - - -
state of the mind manifesting itself incount- womb; a fastening].

7r//f?f, Fixation of the
less disturbances of the psychic, sensory, uterus by a surgical operation to correct dis-
motor, and vasomotor functions. The eti- placement.
ology is not definitely known ; heredity and Hysteroptosis [his
- ter -
op-to'-sis) [ycTEpa,
mental shock play an important part. All womb; tTTciair, a falling]. Falling or in-
ages and both sexes are subject to the dis- version of the uterus.
ease, but it is most common in young wo- Hysterorrhaphy [his-ter-or'-ra-fe) \_va-£pa,
men. The psychic disturbances consist in womb ; pMJ)//, suture]. I. The closure of
increased irritability, tendency to exagger- a uterine incision or rent by suture. 2. Hys-
ation, a heightened imagination, hallucina- teropexy.
tions, and somnambulistic and hypnotic Hysterotoiny (//w
-
ter -
of - -
»ie) [roripa,
states. Among sensory symptoms are various womb ; roi/i/, a cutting]. Incision of the
neuralgias, as clavus, hemicrania, and coc- uterus.
cygodynia anesthesias hyperesthesias ; di-
; ;
Hysterotrachelorrhaphy [his-ter-o-tra-kel-
minution of the visual field diplopia deaf- ; ; or'-ra-fe) [iaripd, womb;
Tpaxr/Xo^^ neck;
ness; loss of* the sense of taste, etc. The pa(p>/,suture]. A
plastic operation for the
motor symptoms comprise paralyses and con- restoration of a lacerated cervix uteri.
tractures of the limbs, tremor, convulsions, Hystriciasis [his tris i' - as - is) [("rrr/)/':. a
- -
catalepsy, aphonia, etc. The chief vaso- hedgehog]. A disease of the hair in which
motor phenomena are cyanosis, cutaneous it stands out stifHy like the hair of the
hemorrhages, and edema. In addition to hedgehog.
ICTERUS
I. The symbol of lodin. The ammonium or sodium salt of a tarry sub-

latraliptic {i-at-ral-ip'-iik) \\aTp6c, physi- stance obtained in the distillation of a bitu-
cian aAeinrT]^, an anointer].
; Curing by nbinous mineral containing fossil fish. The
using ointments and frictions. chemic formula is C2gH3gS30g(NH^).,, or Q^^-
latrochemic [i-at-ro-kem'-ik') [Jarpt^f, physi- HjgSjOgNa,^. It contains about 15 per cent, of
cian ;};??/^£(a, chemistry]
; Treating disease
.
sulphur, and is used as an alterative and anti-
on the principles of chemistry. phlogistic, especially in eczema, acne, lupus,
latrochemistry [i-at-ro-ki'm'-ist-re) [Jarp<5f, and other dermal diseases. Internally it has
physician x'/f^^'^h chemistry], i. The appli-
;
been employed in rheumatism, syphilis,
cation of chemistry to therapeutics the treat- ; leprosy, tuberculosis, etc. Dose gr. x-xxx
ment of disease by chemic means. 2. The (0.65-2.0) in 24 hours.
theory that disease and its treatment are ex- Ichthyophagous {ik-the-off' -ag-us') [i^'^t'C.
plicable on a chemic basis. fish; (payelv, to eat]. Fish eating.
latrophysics [i-at-ro-fiz'-iks) [mrpof, physi- Ichthyosis [ik-t/ie-o'-sis) [^v^î't, fish]. A
cian ; (pvaiKog, pertaining to nature]. I. The chronic skin-disease characterized by the de-
treatment of disease by physical measures. velopment of epidermal plates somewhat re-
2. The theory that disease and its treatment sembling the scales of a fish. I. hystrix, a
are explicable on a materialistic or physical form characterized by warty growths, consist-
basis. The materialistic explanation of dis- ing of elongated and hypertrophied papillce,
ease applied especially to an obsolete theory
;
covered by greatly thickened e]iidermis. I.
of the 17th century, that sought to explain simplex, the common form of ichthyosis, in
physiologic and therapeutic facts by means which the surface has a tesselated appear-
of the principles of physics (dynamics and ance, from being covered with large, finely-
statics). corrugated, papery scales.
latrotechnics {i-at-ro-tek' -niks) [larpi^f, phy- Ichthyotoxicon [ik-the-o-toks' -ik-o)i) [(^'îf,
sician; Ttxvrj, art]. The art of healing. fish ; TuîKov, poison]. A poisonous prin-
Ice (is) [AS., is, ice]. Water in its solid ciple obtained from the flesh of certain
state, which it assumes at a
temperature of fishes.
0° Centigrade, or 32° Fahrenheit. It is used Icteric [ik-ter' -ik) [t/vTfpof, jaundice]. Per-
in medicine in the forms of Ice-bag, Ice- taining to or characterized by jaundice.
cap, Ice-compress, to reduce temperature, Icteritious {ik-ter-ish'-tis) [;\rf/)of, jaundice].
to lessen inflammatory action, to check hem- Affected with or resembling icterus.
orrhage, and to relieve pain ; internally as a Icteroid (ik'-ter-oid) [krfpor, jaundice ; e\6oq,
refrigerant and to combat nausea. form]. Resembling the color of, or having
Iceland (is'-lattd) [AS., is, ice; land, the nature of, jaundice.
land]. An
island of the Arctic Ocean. I. Icterus (Jk'-tf)--iis) [krfpor, jaundice]. Jaun-
Moss. See Celrar/a. I. Spar, a crystalline dice. I. gravis, acute yellow atrophy of
form of calcium carbonate, having doubly the liver, an acute disease characterized by
refracting properties, and used in instruments jaundice, marked nervous symptoms, diminu-
for studying polarized light. tion in liver, and a rapidly fatal
size of the
Ichor (i^-kor) [i,i-«p, serum, or pus]. An termination. The urine contains fjile and
acrid, thin, puriform discharge. crystals of leucin and tyrosin. ]\Iicroscopic-
Ichorous [i^-kor-Hs) ['A'^Pi serum, or pus ; ally, the liver shows intense fatty degenera-
Resembling or relating to ichor. tion of the cells, together with areas of con-
Ichorrhemia [i-kor-e'-me-ah) [f;i;wp, ichor; gestion. disease is most common in
The
miia, blood]. The presence of septic matter women, many cases associated with
is in
in the blood. pregnancy, and is probably infectious in ori-
Ichthyocolla {ik-the-o-koV-ah') \}xd'iq, fish ; gin. A similar condition of the liver may
/co//\o,glue]. Isinglass. The air-bladder occur in phosphorus-poisoning. I. neona-
of the sturgeon, Acipenser huso, occurring in torum, that which
sometimes observed in
is
horny, translucent, white sheets, that form a infants during the first few days after birth.
jelly with hot water. It is a form of gelatin, The causes are obscure, particularly in the
and is used as a food, for clarifying liquids, mild form it may be due to the absorption of
;
and as a test for tannic acid. I., Emplas- biliarj' pigment from the meconium and its
trum, court-phister. entrance into the circulation through an open
Ichthyoid [ik'-the-oid) [(^^ff, fish; eMof, ductus venosus a severe form is due to ab-
;
form]. Fish-like. sence of the large bile-ducts, or to septic

Ichthyol (ik'-the-ol) \}x^^'Zj fish; oleum, oil]. infection.
ICTUS ILIAC
Ictus a stroke].
[ik^-fus) [L. ,
A sudden at- I. Any special or peculiar characteristic or
tack. epilepticus, an epileptic fit.
I. I. temperament by which a j)erson differs
paralyticus, a paralytic stroke. I. soils, from other persons. 2. A peculiarity of
sunstruke. constitution that makes an individual re-
-id (/</). A suffix used in chemistry to de- act differently to drugs or other influences
note a combination of two elementary sub- from most persons.
stances. Idiot iîd'-e-ot) [JA/urz/f, a private person]. A
Ideation form or sem-
[i~de-a' -shiiTi) [«?£«, person congenilally almost destitute of intel-
blance]. The formation of a mental con- ligence.
ceptioii the cerebral action by which, or in
; Idrosis {id-ro' -sis).See Ilidrosis.
accord with which, an idea is .'ormed. Ignatia [ig-na^ ske-ah)[{rom. Ignatius Loyola,
Identical [j-den'-tik-al) \_idein, the same]. the founder of the Jesuits]. St. Ignatius'
Being the same, corresponding exactly. I. bean. The seed of Strychnos ignatii, con-
Points, corresponding points of the two taining the alkaloids strychnin and brucin.
retinre, upon which the rays from an object Its therapeutic eftects are similar to those of
must be focused in order that it may be seen nux vomica. I., Abstractum. Dose gr.
as one. ss-j (0.032-0.065). Unof I., Tinct. Dose
Ideomotor [i-de-o-ino'-tor) \\?)uv, to see ; iTLij-x (0.13-0.65). Unof
move re, to
move]. Pertaining conjointly Ignipunclure [ig-ne-punk'-titr) \_ignis,
fire ;
to ideation and movement. I. Center, panetlira, puncture]. Puncture with plati-

that part of the cortex which, influenced num needles heated to whiteness by the elec-
by ideation, excites muscular movement. I. tric current.
Movements, unconscious movements, due Ignis {ig'-nis) [L.]. Fire. I. sacer, ery-
to impulses of the mind when the attention sipelas. I. sancti Antonii, Saint Anthony's
is otherwise absorbed. fire, an old name for erysipelas ;
also for an-
Ideophrenia (i-de-c-fre'-nc-ali) [((JeZv, to see ; thrax.
(^pqv, mind]. Insanity with marked perver- Ignition {Jg-nish' lui) \ig71is, fire]. The act
sion of ideas. of setting on fire
Idio- [id'-e-o-) [tfJ/of, one's own]. prefix A Ileo- {il'-e-o-^ \eV):flv, to roll]. A prefix sig-
signifying pertaining to one's self; peculiar nifying relation to the ileum.
to the individual. Ileocecal (il-e-o-se'-kal') \j:l'}'.tiv,
to roll ; c(e-
Idiocy (id'-e-o-se) \\6iwti]<i, a private person]. ciis, blind].Pertaining to both ileum and
A congenital condition of mental deficiency, cecum. I. Fossa, a depression in the lower
usually accompanied by physical defects, and part of the small intestine at the base of
characterized by an almost total absence of the vermiform process. I. Valve, a valve
intelligence. consisting of two folds of mucosa that guards

Idiomuscular (id-e o -ntiis'-ku - lar) [tcJwr,
-
the passage between the ileum and cecum.
one's own; innsciihis, muscle]. Peculiar lo Ileocolic (il-e-o-kol' -ik')\i:xLELv ,\.o roll koZoj', ;
muscular tissue ;
not involving any nerve-stim- colon]. Pertaining conjointly to the ileum
ulus or any function of the organism, except and the colon.
those of the muscle itself. I. Contraction, Ileocolitis {il-e-o-ko-li'-tis') \_d\Eiv, to roll ;
the contraction of a fatigued or weakened KoT-Mv, colon iTiq, inflammation].
;
Inflam-
muscle under certain conditions of extraneous mation of the ileum and the colon.
stimulus. Ileocolostomy {il-e-o-ko-los' -to-ine) [eiActv,
Idioneurosis {id-e-o-nu-ro^-sis) ['Aof, one's to roll ;
colon
im'Aoi',OTo/ta, mouth].
; The
own; vevpov, a nerve]. An aifection due establishment of an artificial communication
lo some disturbed or abnormal condition between the ileum and the colon.
of the nerves supplying the affected part a ; Ileoileostomy (il-e-o-il-e-os' -to-vic) ^jVxlv,
simple and uncomplicated neurosis. to roll; GTOfia, mouth]. The operation ol
Idiopathic (id-c-o-path'-ik) [tAof, one's own ; establishing an artificial communication be-
natior, disease]. Not dependent upon an- tween two different parts of the ileum.
other disease, or upon a known or recognized Ileum {il'-e iim) \i:l'/.fiv,
to roll]. The lower
cause. ]iortion of the small intestine, terminating in
Idioplasm [id'-e-o-plazni) \lîor., one's own ; the cecum.
nAaaiui, a thing formed]. A reproductive Ileus [il'-e-ies) [k/êw, to roll]. Volvulus.
substance not contained in the body of the Iliac [il'-e-ak) y/iitm, the flank]. Pertaining
cell, but in the chromosomes of the nucleus, to the ilium or to the flanks. I. Artery.
controlling and determining the actual char- See Ar/cries, Tahle op. I. Crest, the u]iprr
acters of the particular cell, and also those of free margin of the ilium to which the abdom-
all of its descendants. inal muscles are attached. I. Fascia, the
Idiosyncrasy [id-i'-o-sin^-kra-sf] {j^tnq, one's fascia lining the posterior part of the alidom-
a iiial cavitv and C()verin<j the nsoas and i!.;i',"us
own; a'l'v, together; Kft'imr, mingling].
ILIADELPHUS IMMUNITY
:i
muscles. I. Muscle.
Fossa. See Jôssa. I. Illusion [il-hi'-zht(n') \illusio, a.T.ocking],
See Muscles, Table of. I. Region, one of A false interpretation by the mind of a real
the regions into which the abdomen is divi- sensation.
ded. See Abdomen. Illusional {il-lic'-zJiun-al) \_illiisio, a mock-
Iliadelphus [il-e-ad-el'-fus] [///V;,
flanks ; ing]. Of the nature of an illusion.
a(5e?.</)of, brother]. A monstrosity double Image (im'-dj) \imago, a likeness]. I. .\
from the pelvis upward. more or less accurate representation of an
Ilio- (il'-e-o-^ \ilium, the flank]. A prefix object. 2. The picture of an
object formed
denoting relation to the ilium. by rays of light reflected, refracted, or
Iliofemoral {il-c-o-fein'-or-al^ \iliuni, the passed through a small aperture. I., After-.
flank ; femtir'^. Pertaining conjointly to the See After-image. 1., Direct, or I., Erect,
ilium and the femur. I. Ligament. See a picture obtained from rays that have not
Ligament. yet come to a focus. I., Inverted, one
Iliohypogastric [il -e
-
o -
hi -po -gas' trik) -
turned upside down. Nearly all real images
\ilittm, the Hank; v-ko, beneath; yaoTiip, are inverted. I., Real, that formed at the
stomach]. Pertaining conjointly to the ilium place where the rays meet. I., Virtual, an
and the hypogastrium. apparent image formed in the direction in
Ilioinguinal {il-e-o-in'-gue-nal)\_iliiim, flank ;
which the rays enter the eye, the rays not
iiiguen, groin]. Pertaining to the ilium and actually converging at the point where the
the groin. image is seen. The images formed by plane
Iliopectineal [il-e-o-pek-tin'-e-al) \Jliii7n, or convex mirrors and by concave lenses,
flank; pecten, comb]. Pertaining conjointly when the object is placed within the principal
to the ilium and the pubes. I. Line. See focus, are virtual.
Line. Imbecility {im-bes-il'-it-e')\imbecillitas, imbe-
Iliopsoas {il-c-o-so'-as) [ilium, flank ; ^â, cility]. Mental weakness, similar to but less
loin]. Pertaining conjointly to the ilium and great than that of idiocy.
the loins. I. Muscle, the psoas and iliacus Imbed {im-bed'). In histology, to treat a
muscles considered as a single muscle. tissue with some substance, as paraffin orcel-
Iliotibial (il-e-o-tib'-e-al) \jliiim, flank; loidin, which shall give it support during the
tibia, tibia] .
Pertaining to or connecting the process of section-cutting.
ilium and the tibia. I. Band, a thickened Imbibition [im-be-bish'-iin) [in, in ; bibere.
portion of the fascia lata extending from the to drink]. The act of sucking up moisture.
outer tuberosity of the tibia to the iliac crest. Imbricated {im'-brik-a-ted) [imbrex, a roof-
Ilium [iF-e-ii/ii) [L.]. I. The flank. 2. tile]. Overlapping, like shingles on a roof.
The superior broad portion of the os inno- Immature(/w-rt/'-rt/-')[/«,not; wa/«;-/«,ripe].
minatum, properly the os ilii. Unripe not yet of an adult age or growth.
;
Illaqueation {il-ak-we-a' -shiin^ \illaqueare, Immediate {im-e'-de-dt) [?'«, not; nteditts,

to ensnare]. A method of changing the di- middle]. Direct; without the intervention
rection of misplaced cilia, by withdrawing of anything. I. Contagion, that from a
them by means of a loop through an opening direct source. I. Union, union by first in-
in the tissue of the lid. tention.

Illicium {il-is'-e-um) [illicere, to entice]. Immersion {im-er'-shiin') \in, in mergere, ;
Star-anise. The fruit of Illicium verum to dip]. The plunging of a body into a liquid.
(U. SP.), or Illicium anisatum (B. P.), of I. -bath, a plunge-bath. -lens, a lens, usu-
I.
the natural order Magnoliacece. It is the ally of high power, the lower end of which is
source of star-anise. I.
religiosum and I. immersed in a drop of some liquid, such as
parvidorum are poisonous. water or oil, that has nearly the same refrac-
Illumination [il-u-min-a' -shun') \_illiiminare, tive index as glass, and is placed on the cover-
to make light]. I. Theact of illuminating or glass of the object under examination.
lighting up. 2. The quantity of light thrown Immobilization {im-ob-il-iz-a'-shmi) \in,
on an object. I., critical, in microscopy, an not ')wvere, to move].
;
The act of making
illumination in which the lamp-flame is fo- firm, or of rendering motionless, as I. of a
cused on the object. I., Direct, illumination joint.
of an object by light thrown upon it from in Immune {im-fin') [in, not ; mwtis, serv-
front. Oblique, illumination of an object
I., ing]. Safe from attack ; protected against a
by throwing light upon it obliquely, usually by disease by a natural or an acquired peculi-
means of a lens. arity.
Illuminator, Abbe's. A system of lenses Immunity [in, not
{im-ii'-nit-e') munis, ;
placed beneath the stage of the microscope serving]. from disease

Exemption the ;
for the purpose of condensing the light condition of the body, wherein it resists the
thrown upon the object ;
it is also known as development of morbid processes.. I., Ac-
Abbe's condenser. tive, that possessed by an individual after
IMMUNIZATION INADEQUACY
recoveriiii^from certain infectious diseases. a syphilitic eruption having the characters of
I., Congenital, or Natural, that with which small flat pustules.
the individual is born. I., Passive, that Implantation [im-p/an-ta' -shun) [in, in ;
conferred by the introduction of antitoxins or plaHtare,X.o set]. The act of setting in, as
vaccines. the transplantation of a tooth from the jaw of
Immunization [iin-u niz -a'-shun) \Jn, -
one person to that of another the engrafting ;
not: w««w, serving]. The act of rendering of epidermis from the .skin of one person upon
immune. the body of another the rejiair of a wounded
;
Immunize {im' -u-niz) [?'«, not ; munis, intestine by uniting the divided ends. I.,
serving]. To give immunity. Hypodermic, the introduction of a medi-

Immunizing Unit. See Unit. cine under the skin. I., Teratologic, a
Impact [jm'-pakt'] [ifnpingrre, to drive inK) monstrosity consisting of an imperfect, joined
or agamst]. A forciijle striking against. to a perfect fetus.
{iin-pon' -lier-a-bl) [in, not ;
-
Impacted pak'-tcd)
[iin \_impingere, to Imponderable
drive into or against]. Driven against and poiidiis, weight]. Incapable of being
retained, as a wedge. I. Fracture. See weighed; without weight. I. Fluids, an
Fracture. obsolete term, formerly applied to light, heat,
Impaction (im-pak'-sJiini) \jnbpingere, to and electricity.
drive into]. The state of being im[5acted Impotence [im'-po-tens) [i'«, not; posse, \.o
or fixed in a part, as I. of the feces, or I. of be able]. Lack-of power, especially lack of

a fragment of bone into another fragment. sexual power in the man.
Impalpable [ini-pal'-pa-bl) \in, not; pal- Impregnate (/;«-/;v^''-«c/) [iinpregnarc^ i.
pare, to feel]. Not capaljle of being felt ; To render pregnant. 2. To saturate or

unappreciable by touch. I. Powder, a pow- charge with.
der so fine that its separate particles cannot Impregnation {im-pri;g-na' -shiai) [impreg-
be felt. nare, to impregnate]. I. The act of ren-
Impaludism (im-paF-n-dizvi) [/;/, in palus, ; dering pregnant fecundation. ;

2. The pro-
a marsh]. Chronic malarial poisoning. cess of saturating with or charging with.
Impar (im'-par) [///. not par, equal]. Odd ; Impressio {im-presh' -e-o) [L.]. An impres-
or unequal, or without a fellow. I., Gang- sion. colica, an impression on the un-
I.
lion, a small ganglion on the coccyx. der surface of the right lobe of the liver for
- at-
-
Imperative [im pei:^ iv) [impivare,\o the hepatic flexure of the colon. I. renalis,
command]. Peremptory, absolute, compul- an impression on the under surface of the

sory, binding. I. Conception, a concep- liver for the right kidney and suprarenal cap-
tion or thought that dominates the actions of sule.
an individual, although the falsity of the con- Impression {im-presh' -tin) [imprimere, to
cej)tion may be recognized. press upon]. I. Ahollow or de]iression.
Imperforate (im-per' -for-ati) per- \in, not ; 2. The effect produced upon the mind, the
forare, to pierce]. Without opening; not body, or d disease, by external influence.
or as I. anus. Maternal, the effects produced upon
open pervious, I.,
Impermeable {iin-per' -me-a-bF) \Jn, not ; pvr, the fetus in utero by mental impressions
through; rneare, to go]. Not permitting received by the mother during pregnane)'.
passage not capable of being traversed.
; I. -preparation, Klatschpraparat. A cover-
Impervious iîmper^ -ve-tts) [in, not prr- ; glassupon which an entire bacterial colony
T'ius, capable of passage]. Not permitting has been fixed by pressing the glass lightly
passage, especially passage of fluids. upon the colony.
Impetiginous (iDipcl-ij'-in-iis') \impetigo ; Impulse (jm'-pids) [impellere, to drive
iinpetere, to attack]. Affected with or re- against]. I. A pu.sh or communicated
sembling impetigo. force. 2. A sudden mental feeling that
impetigo (ivi-pe-ti' -go) [impetigo ; impetere, urges onward to an action. I., Cardiac,
to attack]. An acute inflammatory disease the beat of the heart felt in the fifth inter-
of the skin characterized by discrete, rounded costal space to the left of the sternum. I.,
pustules, unattended, as a rule, by itching or Morbid, a sudden, almost uncontrollable

other subjective symptoms. I. contagiosa, desire to do some unlawful or improper act.
I. A
an acute inflammatory contagious disease, In- [L.]. prefix signifying in cr with-
characterized by the appearance of vesicles or in. 2. .\ prefix signifying negation.
blebs, that dry into flat, straw colored crusts. Inadequacy [in-ad'-e-cpva-se) [in, not a<fie- ;
I. herpetiformis, a rare disease of the skin, (jiiare, to

make equal]. Insul'iiciency. I.,
characterized by the formation of superficial Renal, that state of the kidney in which it
miliary pustules, that may be discrete, but is unable to remove from the blood a suffi-
tend to form circular groups. It i? most cient proportion of the eft'ete matters that are
common in pregnant women. I., Syphilitic, normally excreted by it.
INANIMATE INCUBATION
Inanimate [inan'-im-at) [/;/, not; animus, separating the hemispheres of the cerebellum,
life]. Not animate; dead; without life. in front and behind.
Inanition {in-an-ish'-un) [indnire, to make Incisure [in-si'-zht/r) [_in, into; nrdi'/y, to
empty]. Emptiness; want of food ; wasting cut into]. A slit or notch. I. 's of Schmidt
of the body from starvation. and Lantermann, oblique lines running
Inappetence {iii-(ip'-et-e)ii) [/«, not ; appe- the white substance of the internodal
'acrosii
tcre, to desire]. Loss of appetite. segments of medullated nerve-fibers.
Inarticulate {in-ar-tik' -u-ldt ) [/«, not ar- ;
Inclusio foetalis {ni-klu'-ze-o fe-ta'-lis) [L. ].
ticulus, a joint]. Nqt jointed or articulated ,
A form of fetal parasitism in which the para-
especially applied to vocal sounds not ar- site is more or less included and
overgrown
ranged into syllables. by the developed fetus.
In articulo mortis (/« ar-tik'-ii-Io mor' -tis) Inclusion [iu-klii'-zhitn) [/«, in claitdere, ;
[L.]. In the agony of death; at the point to shut]. The state of being shut in.
I.
of dying. 2. The act of shutting in. 3. That which
Inassimilable {in-as-im'-il-a-bl) \_in, not; is shut in. I., Fetal, a monstrosity in which
ad, to; similare, to make like]. Incapable one fetus is included in and overgrown by
of assimilation. the tissues of the other fetus.
Incandescent [iit-kan-cles'-ent) [ijicandts- Incoherent {in-ko-he'-)-ent) [/;/, not ;
coJilc-
cere, to become white-hot]. Glowing emit- ; vc-re, to stick together]. Not connected;
ting luminous heat-rays heated to the degree ; without proper sequence.
of emitting light. I. Light, one in which Incompatibility (în-kom-pat-ib-il' -it-e) \in,
light is produced by the passage of an elec- not; ciun, together; pati, to sufter]. The
tric current through a strip of carbon or state of lieing incompatible. It may be
platinum suspended in a vacuum. chemic or physiologic.
Incarcerated {in-kar'-ser-a-ted) \incarce- Incompatible {in-ko/n-pat'-ib-l) [in, not ;
rare, to imprison]. Imprisoned ;

held fast, cum, together; pad, to suffer]. Of two sub-
as I. hernia. stances, not miscible without chemic change
Incidence {in' -sid-cns) \_incidere, to fall that destroys the usefulness of either or both ;
upon]. A falling upon. I., Angle of, in nor capable of being administered together on
optics, the angle at which a ray of light account of antagonistic properties.
strikes a reflecting or refracting surface. I., Incompetence, Incompetency [in-kom' -pe-
Point of, the point upon which a ray or pro- tens, in-koin'-pe-tt'n-se) [///,
not ; cum, to-
jectile strikes a reflecting or refracting sur- gether; petere, to seek]. Incapacity; inade-
face. quacy inability to perform the natural func-
;
Incident (in'-sid-ent) \incidere, to fall upon]. tions. I. of the Cardiac Valves, an imper-
Falling upon. fect state of the valves of the heart in which
Incineration (in-sin-er-a'-shiin^ [?';/, in;
cin- they permit the return of blood into the cavity
eres, ashes]. The
process of heating organic from which it came.
substances until all organic matter is driven Incontinence (in-kon' -tin-ens) [m, not ;
ccn-
off, and only the ash remains. tinerc, to contain]. Inability to control
I.
Incipient [in-sip'-e-ent) \_incipiens, begin- the escape of anything, as of the feces or the
ning]. Beginning to exist. urine; involuntary evacuation. 2. Venereal
Incised [in-slzd') \Jn, into; acdere, to cut]. indulgence lewdness.
;
Cut or notched. I. Wound, one made by Incoordination {in-ko-or-din-a'-s/tun) [?'«,

a sharp-edged instrument. not; together; ordinate, to order]. In-
(/////,
Incision [iii-siz/i'-un] \_in, into; ctrdere, ability to produce voluntary nmscular move-
to cut]. I. The act of cutting into any ments in proper order or sequence.
thing. 2. A wound made with a cutting in- Incorporation (in-kor-por-a' -shun) \in, in ;
strument. corpus, a body]. The process of intimately

Incisive (in-si'-siv^ [/«, into ; ca:dere, to mixing the particles of difl'erent bodies into a
cut]. I. Pertaining to the in-
Cutting. 2.
practically homogeneous mass.
cisor teeth. I. Bone, that part of the Increment (in'-krr-ment) [?'«, in; crescere,
superior maxilla between the two clefts in to grow]. Increase or growth.
double hare-lip; called also the intermaxil- Incrustation {in-knts ta'-sliun) [/;/, upon;
lary bone. crusta, crust]. The formation of a crust,
Incisor (in-si'-zor) [/;/, into ; ccrdere, to cut]. especially a crust-like deposit of mineral
I. Anything that cuts,
especially an I. tooth. salts.
See Tooth. 2. That which
supplies the in- Incubation {in-kii-ba' -shun) \in, on ; cum-
cisor teeth, as the I. nerve. berc, to lie]. I. The process of sitting upon
Incisura [insi - zu'-rak) [/;;, into; ccedere, eggs to favor hatching. 2. The period of a
to cut]. A notch an incision. I. cerebelli
; disease between the implanting of the conta-
anterior, I. cerebelli posterior, the notches gium and the development of the symptoms.
INCUBATOR INDUCED
Incubator [in'-ku-ba-tor) [in, on
cumbcre, ; indigo is produced. 2. Potassium indoxyl-
to lie]. A
device for the artificial hatching sulphate, CgHgNSO^K, a substance occurring
of eggs, or for the cultivation of bacteria ;
in the urine and sweat, and formed from
a contrivance for rearing prematurely- born indol.
cliililren. Indication (/«
-
dik -
a'- shun) \_indicare, to
Incubus cumbere, to
{in'-ku-biis) \in, upon ; point out]. That which [loints out a guide, ;
lie].
I. Nightmare. 2. Anciently, a male especially that which points out the course
demon supposed to have sexual connection of treatment.
with women in their sleep. Indicator [in' -dik-a-lor] \indicare, to point
Incudal [un^'-kn-dal) anvil, incus]. out]. I. The index-finger. 2. The exten-
\î)iLUs,
Relating to the incus. sor indicis muscle. 3. In chemistry, a sub-
Incudomalleal [ing-ku-do-mal^-e-al) \_incus, stance used to show by a color-change when
incus; malleus, hammer]. Relating to the a change of reaction has taken place or a
incus and the malleus. chemic affinity has been satisfied.
Incudostapedial [iiig-kudo-sla pc' de ul)
- - -
Indifferent (jn-dif -er-ent)\_i)i, not differens, ;
Relating to I. Not differentiated; not tend-

[innis, incus slapes, stapes].
; different].
the incus and the stapes. ing to build up tissue, as I. cells. 2. Not
Incurable {in-kii'-ra-bl) [/«, not; curai'c, readily acted upon by agents.

to care for]. Not curable. Indigenous [in-dif -en-us) \indu, within;
Incurvation [in-kur-va' -shuii) \inciirvare , gignere,\.o beget]. Native; originating or
to bendj. The state of being bent or curved belonging to a certain locality or country.
in. Indigestion [in-di-Jes'-chun) [/«, not; dig-
Incus an anvil]. The middle
{in^'-kits) [L. , erere, to digest]. Imperfect digestion.
one of the chain of bones in the middle ear, Indigitation (in dij
-
- it - a'
-shun) \in, in ;
so termed from its resemblance to an anvil. digitus, a finger]. Intussusception.
Indentation [indcn-ta' -shtiyi) [?'«, in
dens, ; Indigo [^li'Sikoi', indigo], CjgH,^-
[in' -ilig-o)
a tooth]. A condition of being notched or N.^02. A
blue pigment formed by the de-
serrated. I. of Tongue, the notching of composition of the indican contained in vari-
the borders of the tongue made by the ous species of Indigofera (I. tinctoria, I.
teeth. anil, I. argentea), or in the urine and sweat.
Index I. The first finger. Indigocarmin [in-dig-o-car'-min) \îv5lk6v,
[in'-deks) [L.].
2. Therelation or ratio of one part to indigo carmin\ Potassium sulphindigo-
;
another taken as a standard. I., Alveolar, tate, used as a stain in microscopy and as a
the degree of prominence of the jaws, test for sugar.
measured by the basialveolar length multiplied Indirect (in'-di -rekt) [m, not ; directus,
by loo and divided by the basinasal length. straight]. Not direct; not in a direct line ;
When the alveolar index is less than 98, the acting through an intervening medium. I.
skull is orthognathic, when more

than 103, Cell-division. See Alz/yoiinesis. I. Vis-
prognathic, when intermediate, meso- ion, vision by some other part of the retina
gnatliic. I., Cephalic, the breadth of a than the macula.
skull multiplied by loO and divided by its Indisposition [in -dt:-pozish'-un) [in, not;
length. When this is below 75, the skull is dis,apart; ponere, to place]. A slight ill-
called dolichocephalic, when above 80, it is ness not confining the patient to bed
called brachycephalic, between these limits, Indol [in'-dol) [h'A\(;r, indigo], CÎI^N.
mesaticephalic. I., Cerebral, the ratio of A substance produced in pancreatic diges-
the greatest transverse to the greatest antero- tion, in intestinal putrefaction, and in certain
cranial cavity, mul- bacterial cultures. It occurs in the feces, giv-
posterior diameter of the
tiplied by 100. I., Refractive, the coeffi- ing to them in part their odor, and is elimin-
cient of refraction. I., Thoracic, the ratio ated in the urine in the form of indican,
of the anteroposterior diameter to the trans- being especially increased in intestinal ob-
verse, expressed in percentage. I., Vertical, stniction.
the ratio of the vertical diameter of the skull Indolent [in'-do-hnt) [/;/, not; dolere, to
to the maximum anteroposterior diameter, feel pain]. Sluggish.
multiplied by lOO. Indoxylsulphuric Acid [in-doks-il-sul-fu'-
Indian (In'-de-an) i. Pertaining rilc as'- ill) [îv<'\ik6i\ indigo; oii'Ci sharp],
[/w//V?].
to India. 2. Pertaining to the aboriginal C„ILNS()j. A combination of indoxyl
Americans. I. Hemp. See Cannabis. I. (Cnlt,;(OH)N) with the radicle of sulphuric
Tobacco. See Lobelia. acid ('nSO.j), the potassium salt of which oc-
India Rubber. See Caoutchouc. curs in the urine. See Indican.
Indican [in'-dik-an] [^(.vcSikov, indigo], C^,- Induced {in-diisd') \jnducere, to lead into].
H.j,NO,7. I. A glucosid
occurring in indigo- Produced by iniluction, as I. electricity. 2.
of which Produced artificially, as I. labor.

plants, and by the decomposition
INDUCTION INFLAMMATION
Induction (in-duk'-shiin^ \_itiducei-t',
to lead Infecting {in-fek'-tinx) \_in, into; ficere, to
in]. I. The act of bringing on. 2. The make]. Causing infection, as an I. embolus.
process of drawing general conclusions from
Infection {inftk' -shun) \_infectio, from in, in-
special facts. 3. The production of elec- to facert',\.o\W3k€\. I. The communication
;
tricity or magnetism
in a body by proximity of disease from one body to another, or from
to another Ijody, which is electrified or mag- one part to another part of the same individual
2. The material conveying
netized, but not in direct contact with it. I.- (autoinfection).
balance, an instrument used for detecting the disease the disease-producing agent. I.-
;
the presence of metallic bodies by the electric atrium, the point of entrance of an infection.
disturbance which they cause. I. -coil, a I., Consecutive, se]itic infection implanted
wire wound around a bobbin, used for con- upon an already established morbiil process.
ducting a galvanic current, by means of Infectious {in-fek' -shits) [/«, into; facet e,
which electricity is induced in a second coil. to I. Communicating disease. 2.
make].
Indurated {in' -dii-ra-led) [/«, into ; diiriis, Caused by an infection.
hartl]. Hardened, as I. chancre. Infecundity {in-fc-kiin'-dit-c) [/«, not; fe-
Induration [i>t-du-ra'-shH>i) [/«, into; dttrics, cundtis, fruitful]. Sterility, barrenness.
hard]. Hardening; the state of being or Inferior {in-fe' -re-or)\<:.ova^. oiinferus, low].
becoming hard a hardened mass or lump.
;
Lower.
I., Brown, a form of interstitial pneumonia in Infiltrate {in'-fil-trat) [/«, in ; fiUrare, to
which there is, in addition to the new growth strain]. I. To ooze into the spaces of a
of fibrous tissue, a deposit of altered blood- tissue. 2. The sulistance that has oozed out.
pigment. I., Gray, a similar condition Infiltration {in-fd-tra' -shun) \jn, into fil- ;
without the deposit of pigment. I., Red, trare, to strain]. I. The entrance into the
an interstitial pneumonia in which the lung tissue-spaces or into the tissue-elements of

is red from congestion. some abnormal substance or of a normal sub-
Inebriant {in-e'-fire an() \Jnel>nare,\.o make stance in excess. 2. The material thus de-
drunk]. I. Intoxicant causing inebriation.

; posited. Calcareous, the deposit of lime
I.,
2. An agent that causes inebriation. and magnesium salts in the tissues. I., Cel-
Inebriation {in-e-hrc-a'-shiin) \incbriare, to lular, an infiltration of the tissues with round
make drunk]. The condition of drunken- cells. Fatty, the deposit of fat in the
I.,
ness. tissues the presence of oil or fat-globules in
;
Inebriety {in-r-bri' -ct-e) \jnehriare, to make the interior of a cell. I., Glycogenic, the
drunk]. Habitual drunkenness. deposit of glycogen -granules in the cells. I.,

Inertia [in - er' - she - ali) \_iners, inactive]. Pigmentary, the deposit of pigment in tlie
Sluggishness ; inability to move except by tissues, derived either from without or from
means of an external force. In physics, within. I., Serous, an infiltration of the
that pro[)erty of matter by virtue of which tissues with diluted lymph. I., Tubercu-
it is changing its condition of
incapalole of lous, a confluence of tuberculous nodules.
rest or motion. I., Uterine, sluggishness of Infinite {in' fin-it)\_in, not /f«/,f, boundary].
;
uterine contractions during labor. Immeasurable or innumerable; unlimited,

In extremis {in eks-lre'-mis) [/;/,
in ;
ex- when compared with any known or conceiv-
tremiis, At the end at the last at able quantity. I. Distance, a term in optics
last]. ; ;
the point of death. indicating a distance of 20 feet (6 meters) or

Infant {in' -fan t^ [infatts, a little child]. I. more. Rays from an object at that distance
A babe. 2. According to English law, one and entering the eye are practically parallel,
not having attained the age of twenty-one. as they would be completely if coming from
Infanticide {in-fant'-is-id) \Jnfans, a little a point at a really infinite distance.
child ; aedere, to kill]. The murder of an Infirm {in-f-rm') \in, not; firmus, firm].
infant. Weak or feeble.
Infantile {in' -fan-til') \infans,^ little child]. Infirmary {infcr'-ina-re) \_infinnarium, an
Pertaining to infancy. I. Paralysis. See infirmary]. A hospital an institution where
;
ill and infirm persons are maintained during

Paralysis.
Infarct {in' firkf) \Jnfarcire, to stuff in]. A the period of treatment.
wedge-shaped area, either of hemorrhage into Infirmity {iti-fer'-init-e) \infirmitas, weak-
an organ (hemorrhagic I.), or of necrosis in ness]. I. Weakness, feebleness. 2. A
disease
an organ (anemic I.), produced by the ob- producing feebleness.
struction of a terminal vessel. I., Uric- Inflammation {in-fiani-a'-shini) \inflatuare,
acid, the deposition of crystals of uric acid to set on fire, to inflame]. A
term apjilied
in the renal tubules of the newborn. to those tissue-changes by which
irritants are
Infarction {in-fark'-shnn) \_infarcire, to stuff eliminated, and which include overfilling of
in]. The production of an infarct ; also the the blood-vessels, alteration in the blood-
infarct itself. vessel walls, outwandering of leukocytes,
INFLATION INGLUVIN
exudation of plasma, and nuiUijilication of the infraorbital vessels and nerve. I. Fora-
the cells of the surrounding connective-tissue. men. Sec Foramina, Table of.
I., Acute, that in which the jirocesses are Infrascapular {in-frah-skap' -u-lar') \_infra,
active ; usually this form is characterized by below scapula, shoulder-blade]. Below
the cardinal symptoms of intlammation —heat, ;
the shoulder-blade.
redness, swelling, and pain. I., Catarrhal, Infraspinous (in-frah-spV -nus) \i7tfra, be-
one occurring on a mucous surface and causing low spina, a spine]. Beneath a spine, as
;
the shedding of its epithelium. I., Chronic, of the scapula or a vertebra. I. Fascia,
that in which there is a building-up of new the dense membranous fascia covering the
connective tissue. I., Interstitial, one aft'ect- infraspinous muscle. I. Fossa, the shallow
ing chiefly the connective tissue of an organ. depression on the dorsal surface of the scapula,
I., Parenchymatous, one affecting chiefly below the spine, and lodging the infraspina-
the parenchyma of an organ. I., Reactive, tus muscles. I. Muscle. See Muscles,
an inflammation set up around a focus of de- Table of.
generation to limit the spread of the degener- Infrasternal [in-frah-ster'-nal) \jnfra, be-
ative process also the inflammation around
; low; sternum, breast-bone]. Below the
a foreign body. I., Specific, one due to a sternum.
special microorganism, and characterized by Infundibuliform {in-fun-dib-u' -le-form') \in-
the formation of a tumor-like nodule that fundibulum, a funnel forma, a form].
;
tends to degenerate. I., Suppurative, that Funnel-shaped. I. Fascia, the funnel-

attended by the formation of pus. shaped membranous layer that invests the
Inflation [in-fla'-shun) \_in/Iare, to puff" up]. spermatic cord.
The act of distending with air. Infundibulum [in-fun-dib'-u-lum) \infun-
Influenza an pour into]. A funnel-shaped passage
-
[in -Jlu- eii' zah) [Ital., in- dere, to
fluence]. An epidemic affection charac- or part I. of Brain, a tubular mass of gray
terized by catarrhal inflammation of the matter attached to the pituitary body. I. of

mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, the Ethmoid Bone, a canal connecting
accompanied by a mucopurulent discharge, the anterior ethmoidal cells with the middle
fever, pain in the muscles, and prostration. meatus of the nose. I. of Hearl, the
At times symptoms referable to the gastro- arterial cone from which the pulmonary artery
intestinal system predominate at others the;
arises. I. of the Kidney, one of the
symptoms are m.iinly referred to the nervous primary divisions of the pelvis of the kidney.
system. The cause of the disease is the I. of the Lung, one of the air-spaces into
bacillus of influenza, discovered by Pfeiffer which a terminal bronchiole divides, and
and Canon. Complications are common, which is composed of an aggregation of air-
pneumonia being the most frequent pleurisy, ;
vesicles.
media, and neuritis also occur. An
otitis Infusion {Jn-fu' -zluai) \in, into ; fuudere, to
occasional sequel is insanity. Synonyms I. The process of extracting the
:
pour].
la grippe, grip. active principles of a substance by means of
Infra- (in^-frah-) \_infra, below]. A prefix water, but without boiling. 2. The product
meaning below or beneath. of such a process, known in pharmacy as

Infraaxillary {in -/rah -
a/is^-i7-a-/v) [I'n/ra, infusum.
below; axilla, the arm-pit]. Below the Infusum {iii-fu' -smn) \in, into fundcre,
;
arm-pit. to pour]. An infusion. The following are

Infraclavicular (in-frah-klav-ik' -u-lar) \in- official in U. S. P.: I. cinchonae. Dose
fra, belov/ rlavicula, the collar-bone].
;
Be- fgij (64.0). I. digitalis. Dose f ,^ ss
low the collar-bone. (16.0). I. pruni virginianae. Dosef^îj-
infracortical {in-frah-kor' -tik-al) \infra, be- I. sennae compositum,
iij (64.0-96.0).
low ; cortex, a bark]. Lying beneath the black draught. Dose f îv (128.0).
cortical substance of the brain. Ingesta {in-jes'-tali) \Jn, into ; gerere, to
Infracostal {in-frah-kos'-tal) \infra, below ; carry]. Substances introduced into the body
costa, a rib]. Below the ribs. especially foods.
Inframammary (in-frah-mavi' -ar-c) \_infra, Ingestion {in-jes'-c/iun) [?';;, into gerere, to ;
below; mamma, the breast]. Situated be- carry]. The act of taking substances, espe-
neath the mamma. cially food, into the body.
Inframaxillary {iii-frah-maks' -il-a-re) \_in- Ingluvies [in-glu^-ve-ez) [L.]. i. The crop
Below or or craw of birds. 2. The paunch or rumen
f}-a, below; maxilla, the jaw].
under the jaw. of ruminating mammals.
Infraorbital [in-frah-or'-bit-tal) \îiifra, be- Ingluvin [ingluvies, crop or
[in'-glu-7'in)
low (7r/;//(?, orbit].
;
Beneath or below the craw of a bird]. A
pro]iarntion obtained
floor of the orbit. I. Canal, the canal in from the gizzard of the fowl, I'ullus gallina-
the superior maxillary bone that transmits ceus, used as a substitute for pepsin and pan-
INGRASSIAS INQUISITION
creatin, and also in the vomiting of preg- Injury [in-Jii'-re) [/;/, not ; jus, a right]. A
nancy. Dose gr. x-xx (0.65-I.3). harm or hurt to the body.
Ingrassias, Processes, or Wings of [///- Innervation ( n-ncr-va' sliiin) [///,
in ;
ner-
p-assias, an Italian physician of the sixteenth viis, nerve]. Nerve-supply.
century]. The lesser wings of the sphenoid Innominate {in-noiu' -in-at) [///, without ;
bone. nomen, a name]. Unnamed unnamable. I. ;
Ingravescent [in-grav-es' -en{) \ingravescere, Artery. See Art.rics, Table of. I. Bone,
to become heavy]. Increasing in severity, the irregular bone forming the sides and
as I.
a]ioplexy. anterior wall of the pelvic cavity, and com-
Ingrowing Nail. See N'ail. posed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Inguen (in'-giucn') [L.]. The groin. Innominatum {in-noiii-in-a'-tnin]\\.., name-
Inguinal [Jiii'-gwin-al ) the groin].
\_iiigi/t'i!,
less (('f, bone, understood] ]. The innomi-
Pertaining to the gioin. tlie canal
I. Canal, nate bone.
transmitting tlie spermatic cord in the male, Innutrition {in-nn-ti ish' -iin) \Jn, not ;
nn-
and the round ligament in the female. It is trire, to nourish]. Want of nutrition or
situated parallel to and just above Poupart's nourishment.
ligament. I. Glands, the superficial and Inoblast {in'-o-b/ast) fiber; ft/MGvor,
(if,
the deep glands of the groin. I. Hernia. Any one of the cells from which
germ].
See Hernia. connective tissue is derived.
Inhalation {in-ha-la'-sJnni) \inhalare, to Inoculability {iti-ok-n-Ia-bil'-it-t') [/;/, into ;
draw in]. The breathing in of air or other ociihis, a bud]. The quality of being inocu-
vapor. I. -diseases, those due to the in- lable.
spiration of air containing dust or any finely Inoculable [in-ok' -u-la-bl) [/;/, into; ocnhis,
divided matter. a bud]. Capable of being inoculated com- ;
Inhaler [in-ha'-ler) [inhalare, to breathe in]. municable by inoculation.

An instrument for inhaling a gas or vapor. Inoculation {in-ok-it-/ti'-shun) [in, into;
Inherent [in-he' -i-ent) [/«, to kcirere, to ociilits, a bud]. I. The act of
;
introducing
cleave]. Innate; natural to the organism. the virus of a disease into the body. 2. Spe
Inhibition {in hib ish'- iin) \Jnhibere, to
- -
cifically, the intentional introduction of a virus
check]. The act of checking or restraining ; for the purpose of producing a mild form of
a restraint. a disea.se which is severe when spontaneously
Inhibitory {in hib' it - o - ;r) \inhibere, to
-
introduced, as the I. of small-pox virus. This
check]. Checking; restraining. is known as preventive I.
Iniac, or Inial {in'-e-ac, in'-e-al) [Ji'/ov, occi- Inogen {in'-o /en) [(O, fiber; yervar, to pro-
put]. Pertaining to the inion. duce]. A
hypothetic substance believed to
Iniencephalus {in - e - en- sef- al - us) \_'iviov, occur in muscular tissue, and to be decom
occiput; £yK£(j>a?Mc, brain]. A fetal mon- posed, during contraction, into carbon dioxid,
strosity in which there is a posterior fissure sarcolactic acid, and myosin.
of the skull, with protrusion of the brain- Inorganic (in-or-ga/i'-ik) [in, not; 6/i;nior,
substance, combined with spinal fissure. an implement]. Not organic not produced ;
Inion {in'-e-on) \\vlov, occiput]. The ex- by animal or vegetal organisms, as an I.

ternal protuberance of the occipital bone. compound. I. Chemistry, chemistiy deal-
See Cranioinetric Points. ing with inorganic compounds.
Initial {in-ish'-al) [?';;, into ire, to
go]. Be-
;
Inosculate (m-o/ -cn-lat) [/;;, in,
on ;
oscii-
ginning primary, as the I. lesion of luin, dim. o{ os, mouth]. To unite by small
syphilis,
—
; early
the
;
chancre. I. Cells, germ- openings.

cells. I. Sclerosis, the hard chancre. Inosculation {in-os-kit-la' -shnn) [?'«, in ;
os-
Inject {in-jekt') \in, into; jacere, to throw]. a .small mouth].

culiiiii, The joining of
To throw or force in, as to inject fluids into blood-vessels by direct communication.
the tissues ; also, to fill the vessels of an organ. Inosite {in'-o-'il) {jx, fiber], CgH,.,Og \ 2ll.,0.
Injection {in-jek'-shnn) [/;/, into; jaccre, to INIuscle-sugar ; a saccharine substance occur-
I. The act of
throw]. injecting or throw- ring in mu.scles, rarely in urine.
ing in. 2. The substance injected. Accord- Inosituria {ino-sit-ti'-ie-ah)\jx,^&\\ urina,
ing to the organ into which the injection is urine]. The presence of inosite in the urir.e.
made, different terms are employed, as e. g., Inque jt
(i)i'-k7oest)[in, into
(^//^<";r;r,to ask].
;
urethral I., intramuscular I., uterine I., A one for the pur-
judicial inquiry, cspecial'y
vaginal I., etc. In the B. P. Injec- pose of determining the cause of death of one
tiones are solutions of active substances who has died by violence or in some unknown
used for hypodermic injection. I., Hypo- way.
dermic, an injection made under the skin. Inquisition {inkiviz-ish'-nn^ [?';/,
into ; qua^-
Injector [in-jek'-to;-') \înjicere, to throw in]. rerr, to ask]. An inquiry, especially one
An apparatus used in injecting. into the sanity or lunacy of a person.
-s.
INSALIVATION INSOLATION
Insalivation [in-sal-iv-a' -shuii) [/«, in sal- ;
lence. I., Menstrual. See /, Periodic.
iva, the spittle]. The mixture of the food I., Moral, a lorm marked by perversion and
with saliva during mastication. depravity of the moral sense, apparently
Insane [i/t-sdn^) [/«, not; sanies, sound]. without impairment of the reasoning and in-
Deranged or diseased in mind. I. Ear. tellectual faculties. I., Periodic, a condi-
See Hematoma aiiris. tion dependent upon original or acquired
Insanitary [iii-san'-it-a-re) [/«, not sanitas, ;
psychopathy, in which attacks of insanity
health]. Not sanitary ; not in a proper con- occur at regular or irregular intervals. If
dition as respects the preservation of health. occurring in women at the menstrual eix)ch,
Insanity {in-san'-it-e) \in, not saiii ,, ; it is called menstrual insanity. I. of
sound]. A
derangement of the mental fac- Pregnancy, a form occurring during preg-
ulties, with or without loss of volition and nancy, characterized by melancholia, suicidal
of consciousness. Insanity may be due to intent, and abhorrence of friends and rela-
defective development, to acquired disease, tives. I., Primary, a form, often congenital,
or to natural decay. It is characterized, that arises with the development of the
according to its form, by a variety of symp- body. It may also proceed from injury or
toms, the most common of which are change disease of the brain in early life.I. of Pu-
of character and habits, moroseness, confu- berty. See Hebephrenia I., Puerperal, a .
sion, elation, melancholy, mania, delusions, term sometimes applied to the delirium of
and hallucinations. Melancholia, mania, childbirth, but more properly to the insanity
delusional insanity, and dementia are the occurring after delivery. I., Recurrent,
four principal types of the affection. I., that marked by recurrent attacks of mental
that arising after a long period of aberration with
Acquired, intervening lucid intervals.
life of mental integrity. I., Alcoholic, that I., Religious, that associated with religious
induced by alcoholic excess, usually a result subjects. I., Stuporous, a primary acute
of hereditary tendencies. I., Alternating. form of dementia, characterized by a ten-
See /. Ciradar.
, I., Circular, cyclothy- dency to stupor a disease chiefly met with
;
mia alternating insanity a form of insanity

; ; in youth and early maturity. I., Surgical,
recurring in cycles varying in length from a that coming on after surgical operations.
few days to many months. The arrange- I., Toxic, an acute form due to systemic
ment of the cycle varies in different individ- poisoning by certain drugs.
uals, but constant in a given case.
is Thus Inscriptiones tendineae {in- skrip-te-o' -ne%
melancholia may be followed by mania, and ten-din' -e-e). The lineae transversa of the
this by a lucid interval, the passage from rectus abdor.iinis muscle.
one mental condition to the other being Insect [in'-sekt) [in, into ; seeare, to cut].
abrupt or gradual. I., Climacteric, insan- Any member of the class of animals called
ity occurring at or near the menopause. I., Insecta. I. Powder, a powder employed to
Communicated, that transmitted by asso- destroy or ward off insects, and consisting
ciation with an insane person. I., Confu- usually of the powdered flowers of species
sional, an acute insanity produced by of Pyrethrum.
nervous shock or exhausting disease, without Insecticide {in-sek'-tis-id) [insectum, insect;
distinct constant emotional depression or cccdere, to kill]. A substance that is destruc
exaltation, with marked failure of mental tive to insects.
power or complete imbecility, often accom- Insemination [in-sem-in-a' -shuii) [insemin-
panied by hallucinations and loss of phys- are, to plant seed]. I. The planting of seed.
ical power. Recovery is usually complete. 2. The introduction of semen.
I., Cyclic. Same as /. ,

Cii-cnlar. I., Insensible [in-sen'-sib-i) [in, not ; sentire,
Doubting, a form closely
allied to delu- to feel]. Incapable of being perceived or
I.
sional insanity, consisting in an uncontrolla- recognized by the senses. 2. Unconscious.
ble doubt and indecision regarding the occu- Insertion lyin-ser'-shiin) [inserere, to set in].
pations, duties, or events day, of of the I. The act of setting or placing in. 2. That
Emotional, which 3. The point at which any-

religion, etc. I., insanity is set in.
characterized by derangement of the emo- thing, as a muscle, is attached the place or ;
tions, either depressing or exalting in char- the mode of attachment of an organ to its
acter. I., Epidemic, a form occasionally support.
manifested among a number of persons in Insidious [in-sid'-e-us) [insidia, ambush].
common association, as in convents or Coming on stealthily or
imperceptibly. I.
schools. I., Hereditary, that transmitted Disease, one, the onset of which is gradual
from parent to child, and not induced by or inappreciable.
other apparent cause. I., Impulsive, a In situ [in si' -til) [in, in; jZ/wj, position].
form in which the patient possesses an un- In a given or natural position.
th. controllable desire to commit acts of vio- Insolation [in-so-la'-shuu) [in, in ; sol, sun].
INSOLUBLE INTERCADENCE
I. Exposure to the rays of the sun. 2. Sun- Insufflation {in-suf-Jla' -shun'] \_in, in suf- ;
stroke or heatstroke. flare, to puff]. The act of blowing into, as

Insoluble {in-soF-n-bl) [in, not; soluere, the I. of a powder into a cavity also, the ;
to solve]. Incapable of dissolving. blowing of air into a cavity, as I. of the

Insomnia {in-so?n' -ne-ah) [/;/, not; soinnus, middle ear. I., Mouth-to-mouth, the
sleep]. Want of sleep inability to ; sleep. blowing of air into the mouth of a j>erson,
Inspection {in
-
spek'- shioi) \_inspicere, to usually a new-born infant, to distend the
look]. In medicine, the examination of the lungs and counteract asphyxia.
body or any part of it by the eye. \x\.^\i^2Xox {in' -suf-la-tor) \in,\x\; sufflare,
Inspiration (in-spir-a' -shuii) [m, in
spirare,;
to blow]. An instrument for blowing air or
to breathe]. The drawing in of the breath. powders into a cavity.
Inspiratory [in-spi'-ra-to-re) [/;;,in ; spirare, Insula {in' -su- 1all) [L.]. The island of Reil
to breathe]. Pertaining to the act of inspir- Insular {in'-su-lar) \_insula, an island]. I.
ation. Pertaining to the island of Reil. 2. Isolated ;
-
Inspissate [in' spis dt^
-
\_inspissare, to occurring in patches. I. Sclerosis. See
thicken]. To make thick by evaporation or Sclerosis.
by absorption of fluid. Insulate [in' su-Idt) [insuta, an island]. To

Instep [in'-step) [insfop, the bend of the foot]. isolate or separate from surroundings. In
The arch on the upper surface of the foot. electricity, to surround a conductor with a
Instillation [in-stil-a' -shun) [instillare, to nonconducting substance.
put in little lay little]. The pouring of a Integument {in teg'- u /nent) [/«, upon;
- -
liquid into a cavity drop by drop. tegere, to cover]. A

covering, especially the
Instinct [in'-stingkt) \_instingiiere, to impel]. skin. I., Fetal, the fetal membranes.
A natural impulse, which, though unassoci- Intellect {in' -tel-ekt) [inteltectus ; inter, he-
ated with reason, prompts a useful act. tween legere, to choose]. The mind or the
;
Iristinctive {in-stingk'-tiii) \instinguere, to reasoning power.

impel]. Prompted or determined by instinct ; Intemperance {in - tern' -per - ans) [/«, not ;
of the nature of instinct. teniperare, to moderate]. Want of modera-

Institutes of Medicine. The philosophy of tion ;
immoderate indulgence, especially in
the science of medicine, of physiology, pathol- alcoholic lieverages.
ogy, therapeutics, and hygiene, or the gen- Intensification {in-ten-sif-ik a'-s/iun) [/«, -
eral and elementary principles of the same. upon tendere, to stretch]. The act of mak-
;
The term is used sometimes as a synonym ing intense, or of increasing the strength of
of physiology. anything.
Instrument (in'-strii-ment^ \iti, in; struere, Intensity {in-tcn' -sit-e) \in, upon ; tendere,
to build]. Any mechanical tool or device to stretch]. •
I. The state of being intense or
used to assist in the performance of a certain high-strung. 2. The degree to which a force
act. is capable of rising. 3. A high degree of
Instrumental -
[in strn-t?ien'- fal) [m, in; energy or power.
struere, to build]. Pertaining to or per- Intensive {in-ten'-siv) [/«, upon; tendere, to
formed with instruments, as I. labor. stretch]. Gradually increased in force or in-
Instrumentation (in-stru-7nen ta'-sJuoi) \în, tensity, as the I. method of inoculation.
in; struere, to build]. The care or employ- Intention {in-ten'-shun) [in, upon ; tendere,
ment of instruments. to stretch]. The end or purpose. See Heal-
Insufficiency {in- siif- fish'- en -
se) \_insiiffi- ing. I. -tremor, a tremor coming on when
cientia ; in, not; under; fa cere, to
sub, attempts at voluntary motion are made.
make]. The state of being inadequate in- ; Inter- {in'-ter-) [inter, between]. A prefix
capacity to perform a normal function. I. of signifying between.
the Cardiac Valves, imperfect closure of Interarticular {in-ter-ar-tik'-u-lar) [inter,
the valves, permitting regurgitation. De- between; articiihts, a joint]. Situated be-
pending upon the valve affected, tlie I. may be tween joints. I. Fibrocartilage, the flat-
aortic, mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary. or

I. tened cartilaginous plates between the articu-
of a Muscle, inability on a part of a muscle lar cartilages of certain joints.
to contract sufficiently to produce the normal Interauricular [in-ter-mu-i-ik' -u-lar) [inter,
effect. The term is applied especially to the between; auricula, auricle]. .Situated be-
eye-muscles. I. of the Kxterni, a condi- tween the auricles.
tion in which the contraction of the externi \r\.\.t.x\ixa\n. {in' ter
- -
bran). See Thalaincn-
muscles of the eye is weak and is overbal- cepit a Ion.
anced by that of the interni, producing Intercadence {inter ka'- dens) [inter, be- -
esophoria. I. of the Interni, defective tween: to fall]. An irregular beat-

r77<:/<:v,?,
power on the part of the interni muscles, pro- ing of the pulse, in which an additional beat
ducing exophoria. is interposed between two pulsations.
INTERCALARY INTERNAL
Intercalary, Intercalated (inter' -kal-a-n\ Interfibrillar (in-ter-fi'-bril-ar) [inter, be-
i)tt<'r' -kal-a between; ea/are, to
ted) \Jiiter, tween fibra, a
;
fiber]. Situated between the
insert]. Placed or inserted between. fibrilliTs of tissues.
Intercarotid (in-ter-kar-ot'-td) \_inter, be- Interganglionic (in-ter-gang-le-on' -ik) [in-
tween; .'iap'jfH', to produce sleep]. Situated ter, lietween ydyyMuv, a ganglion].
;
Con-
between the external and internal carotid necting one ganglion with another lying ;
arteries, as the L ganglion. between ganglia.

Intercellular [in-ter-sel'-ii-lar) [inter, be- Interlamellar (in-ter-lam-el'-ar) [inter, be-
tween ;celluld, a small cell]. Between cells, tween; A^wt'/A?, a layer]. Between the lam-
as I. substance of tissue. ella.
Intercentral (in - ter - sen'- trat) [inter, be- Interlobar (in-fer-lo'-bar) [inter, between;
tween; centrum, a. center]. Between cen- lobus, a lobe]. Situated between lobes, as
ters. I. pleurisy.
Interchondral (iii-ter-kon' -dral) [inter, hc- Interlobular (in - ter- lab'- u - lar) [inter, be-
tween \;"'''V"f) cartilage]. Between carti-
;
tween lobulus, a.\ohvi\Q'\. Between lobules.
;
lages. Intermarriage (in-ter-niar'-aj) [inter, be-

Interclavicular (in-ter-klav-ik'-n-lar) [inter, tween marilare, to marry ]. Marriage be-
;
between clavicida, the collar-bone].

;
Be- tween persons related by consanguinity, or
tween the clavicles. between persons of different races.
Intercolumnar (in-ter-kol-tim'-nar) [inter, Intermaxillary (in-ter-nmks' -il-a-re) [inter,
between; colunina, column]. Between pil- between; wrt.r///f?, jaw-bone]. Between the
lars, as the I. fascia, between the pillars of maxillary bones. I. Bone, the small bone
the external abdominal ring. that receives the incisors, situated between
Intercondyloid (in-ter-kon' -dil-oid) [inter, the superior maxillary bones of the fetus.
between K6v6vkoq, a knob m\or, likeness].
; ; Intermediate (in-ter-me' -de-dt) [inter, be-
Between condyles. I. Fossa, the notcli tween ntedius, middle]. Situated between.
;
between the condyles of the femur. Intermediolateral (in-ter-me-de-o-lat'-er-al)

Intercostal (in-ter-kos'-tal) [inter, I)etween ; [inter, between medius, middle
; latus, ;
casta a. r\h'\. Between the ribs. I. Arteries,

,
side]. Both lateral and intermediate, as the
the arteries of the intercostal spaces. See I. tract of the spinal cord.
Arteries, Tiible of. I. Muscles. See Mus- Intermeningeal (in-ter-men-in' -je-al) [inter,
cles,Table of. I. Nerves, the anterior divis- between; ////i'/}f, membrane]. Between the
ions of the dorsospinal nerves. dura and the arachnoid, or between the lat-
Intercostohumeral (in - ter- kos-to-hii'-mer- ter and the pia. I. Hemorrhage, a hemor-
al) [inter, between; casta, ril); humerus, rhage between the meninges of the brain or
the bone of the upper arm]. Pertaining to spinal cord.
the arm and tlie space between the ribs, as Intermenstrual (in-ter-men'-stru-al) [inter,
the I. nerve. between; /«t'«j-/j, month]. Between the men-
Intercurrent (in-te-)--kur'-ent) [m/tv-, between ;
strual periods.
currere, to run]. Occurring or taking jilace Intermetacarpal (in-ter-met-a-kar' -pal) [in
between. I. Disease, a disease arising or ter, between; //frd, beyond; Kap~6q, the
progressing during the existence of another wrist]. Between the metacarpal bones.
disease in the same person. Intermetatarsal [iti-ter-met-a-tar'-sal) [?'«-
Interdigital (in ter dij' it al) [inter, be-
- - - -
/i?r, between; ufrii, beyond r«pc7of, tarsus]. ;
tween; digitus, a finger]. Between the fin- Between the metatarsal bones.
gers. Intermission (inter mish' un) [Z^/Av-, be-
-
Interdigitation (in-ter-dij-it-a' -shun) [inter, tween mittere, to send]. An interval as

;
between digitus, a finger].

;
The locking or between the paroxysms of a fever, or between
dovetailing of similar parts, as the fingers of the beats of the pulse.
one hand with those of the other; or of the Intermittent (in-ter-mit'-ent) [inter, be-
ends of the obliquus externus muscle with tween; w/Z/iT^, to send or occur]. Occurring
those of the serratus magnus. at intervals characterized by intermissions
;
Interfascicular (in-ter-fas-ik'-u-lar) [inter, or intervals, as I. fever, L insanity, I. pulse,

between; fasciculus, a bundle]. Situated L sterilization.
between fasciculi. Intermuscular (in-ter-mus' -ku-lar) [inter,
Interference in-ter-fe'-rens) [inter, between
( ;
between musculus, a muscle]. Situated be-
;
ferire, to strike], 'lireact of interfering or tween muscles.

preventing. I. of Light, the mutual neutral- Intern (/«'-/dV7/) [\'r.,interne'\. An in-door
ization of waves of light, when the crest of or resident physician in a hospital.
one wave falls upon the trough of another. Internal (in -
ter'- nal) [internus, inward].
I. of Sound, the neutralization of two sound- Situated within or on the inside. I. Capsule,
waves, one by the other. the band of wliite nerve-matter between the
23
INTERNODAL INTESTINAL
optic thalamus and caudate nucleus on the portant parts occupying the interspaces or
;
inner, and the lenticular nucleus on the outer interstices of a part. 2. Pertaining to the
side. It is the continuation of the crus cere- connective tissue.

interstitial or I. Inflam-
bri, and consists of an anterior and a pos- mation, inflammation of the interstitial or
terior limb joined at an angle, termed the connective tissue. I. Keratitis. See Kera-
knee. It is composed of fibers coming from titis.
and the cortex cerebri.

£roin£f to I. Medi- Intertransversales {in-ter-trans-ver-sa' -les)
cine, that branch of medicine which treats [inte?iransverse'\. Short bundles of muscular
of disease affecting the internal organs. I. fibers extending between the transverse pro-
Rectus. See Muscles, Table of. I. Resist- cesses of contiguous vertebra;.
ance. See Resistance. Intertransverse (in-ter-trans-vers') [inter,
Internodal [in-ter-no'-dal). See Internode. between; transversus, turned across]. Con-
Internode {in'
- ter -
nod^\inler, between; necting the transverse processes of contiguous
nodus, a knot]. The space between two vertebrce.
nodes of a nerve-fiber, as the I. between the Intertrigo {iii-ter-tri'-go) [inter, between;
nodes of Ranvier, also termed internodal terere, to rub]. An
erythematous eruption
segment. of the skin produced by friction of adjacent
Internuncial [inter-nun' -ske-al) [into-, be- parts.
tween nuncius, a messenger]. Sen'ing as
;
Intertrochanteric {in-ter-tro-kan-ter' -ik) [in-
a connecting or aimouncing medium, as I. ter, between Tpoxav~i]ii, trochanter].
; Be-
fibers, nerve-fibersconnecting nerve-cells. tween the trochanters. I. Line, See Lines,
Internus (in-ter'-nus). i. See Internal. 2. Table of.
The internal rectus muscle of the eye. Intertubular (in-ter-tu' -bii-lar) [inter, be-
Interorbital {in - ter - or'- bit - al ) \inter, between; tubulus, a tube]. Between tubes.
tween ; orbita, the orbit]. Situated between I. Substance, the translucent, granular sub-
the orbits. stance of the dentine of the tooth.

Interosseous {in - ter os'- e - us) \_inter, be- Interureteric {in-ter-u-re-ter' -ik) [inter, be-
tween OS, a bone]. Between bones, as I.
;
tween ovpiiTTjp, ureter]. Situated between
;
arteries, membrane, muscles, or nerves. the ureters.

Interparietal {in
- ter -
par - i' - e -
tal) [inter, Interval {in' -ter-val) [inter, between val- ;
between; paries, walls]. Between walls; lum, a rampart]. A sjiace or lapse either of
between the parietal bones, as I. suture ;
time or distance, as the interval between the
between parts of the parietal lobe, as I. fis- paroxysms of a fever, or between two organs
sure. or parts of the body. I., Focal, the distance
Interpeduncular (/;/ ter-pe - dung'- ku- lar)-

between the anterior and posterior focal points.
[inter, between pedunculus, a little foot].
;
Interventricular {inter-ven-trik'-u-lar) [in-
Situated between the cerebral or cerebellar ter, between ventriculuni, a. ventricle].
;
peduncles. I. Space, the pons Tarini, or Situated between ventricles. I. Septum,

posterior perforated space that forms the the jiartition between the ventricles of the
posterior portion of the floor of the third ven- heart.
tricle. Intervertebral {in - ter- ver'- te - bral) [inter,
Interphalangeal {in-ter-fa-lan' -Je-al) [inter, between; vertebra, a bone of the spine].
between; (pd'Aay^, a finger]. Between the Between the vertebne. I. Discs, the discs
fingers or the toes. of fibrocartilage between the adjacent sur-
Interpubic {in-ter-pu'-bik) [inter, between ;
faces of the bodies of the vertebra?. I. Fo-
pubis, pi>bis]. Situated between the pubic ramen. See Foramen. I. Notch, the notch
bones. at the base of the pedicle on the sides of
Interradial {in-ter-ra'-de-al) [inter, be- the body of each vertebra.
tween; radius, a ray]. Situated between Intervillous {in-ter-vil' -us) [inter, between ;
two rays. villus, a tuft of hair]. Situated between villi.

Interrupted {in-ter-up'-ted) [interruinpere, Intestinal {in - tes'- tin - al) [intestinum, the
to break apart]. Discontinuous; broken; intestine]. Pertaining to the intestine. I.
irregular. Absorption, the absorption of the products

Interrupter {in-ter-up'-ter) [interrttmpere, to of digestion by the capillaries, veins, and
break apart]. That which interrupts; spe- lacteals of the mucous membrane of the in-
cifically, a device for breaking an electric testines. I. Anastomosis. See .Anastomosis.
current. I. Canal, the entire intestinal passage from
Interscapular {in ter skap'- u lar) [inter,
- - -
the beginning of the duodenum to the anus.
between scapula, the shoulder-blade]. Be-
;
I. Concretion. See Enterolith. I. Juice,
tween the shoulder-blades. succus entericus, the secretion of the intestinal
Interstitial {in-ter-stish'-al) [inter, between ; glands, a pale-yellow fluid, alkaline in re-
sistere, to place]. I. Situated between im- action, having a specific gravity of loii,
INTESTINE INTRAVASCULAR
and possessing diastatic and proteolytic prop- Intradural [in-trah-du'-ral) [intra, within;
erties. It also, to a certain extent, emulsifies durus, hard]. .Situated or occurring within
anfl decomposes fats. the dura.
Intestine [in-tcs' -ti>i) \intestinns, intestine, Intraligamentous {in-trah-lig-am-en'-tus)
from intus, within]. The part of the diges- [intra, within; ligainentum, a ligament].
tive tube extending from the beginning of the Within or between the folds of a ligament,
pylorus to the anus. It consists of the small as an' J.,
cyst.
and large intestine. The former is about 63^ Intralobular [in-trah-loh' -u-lar) [?«/;-«, with-
meters (20 feet)
in length, and extends from in lobulus, a little lobe].
; Within a lobule,
the pylorus to its junction with the large intes- as I. vein of the liver.
tine at the cecum. Three divisions are de- Intramembranous (in trah mem'- bratt us
- - -
scribed, —
the duodenum, 22 cm. long, is the [intra, witliin ; membrana, a membrane].
\
most important the jejunum, 2.2 meters long,

; Developed or taking place within a mem-
and the ileum, 4 meters long. The large in- brane, as I. ossification.
testine is about 1.6 meters (5 feet) long, and Intrameningeal [in-trah-men-in'-je-al) [in-
consists of the cecum (with the appendix ver- tra, within; fi'/i'iyi, membrane]. Situated
miformis), the colon, and the rectum. The within the substance of the membranes of the
wall of the intestine is made up of four coats, brain or spinal cord.
—a serous, muscular, submucous, and mu- Intramural (in-tra/i-mu'-rat) [intra, with-
cous. Embedded in the wall are minute in mura, a wall].
; Within the substance of
glands, and projecting from the surface, in the walls of an organ, as I. fibroid of the
the small intestine, are the villi. The func- uterus.
tion of the intestine is to continue and com- Intramuscular (in-trah-mus' -ku-lar) [intra,
plete the changes begun in the mouth and within muscu/us, a muscle]
; . Within the
stomach, and to remove the waste-matter or substance of a muscle.
feces. Intranasal {in-trah-na'-sal) [intra, within;
Intima [in' -tttn-aJi) [tunica, membrane, un- nasus, nose]. Within the cavity of the
derstood]. The innermost of the three coats nose.
of an artery. Intraocular [in-trah-ok' -u-lar) [intra, with-
Intolerance [in-toF -er-ans) \in, not ; tolerare, in oculus, eye].
; Within the globe of the
to bear]. The inability to endure the effect eye, as I. hemorrhage.
of anything, as e. g., a drug. Intraorbital (in-trah-or' -hit-al) [intra, with-
Intoxication [in-toks-ik-a' -shun) [i?t,
in ;
in ;
(7 r/^ //a,
orbit]. Within the orbit.
Toînov, poison]. I. Poisoning. 2. The Intraparietal (in-trab-par i'-e-tal) [intra,
acute state produced by overindulgence in within; paries, a wall]. I. Within the wall
alcohol. of an organ. 2. Within the parietal region

Intra- (Jn^-trah-) \intra, within]. A prefix of the cerebrum, as the I. fissure.
signifying within. Intrapelvic {in-trah-pel'-vik) [/«/;•«, within ;
Intraabdominal (in-trah-ab-dom^ -in-al) {in- pelvis, basin]. Within the pelvic cavity.
tra, within; abdomen\ Within the cavity Intraperitoneal (iti-tra-per-it-on-e' -al) [in-
of the abdomen. tra, within ; Trepiroimov, the peritoneum].
Intraarticular [in-trah-ar-tik' -u-lar) [intra, Within the peritoneum.
within articidus, joint].
; Within a joint. Intrapleural [in-tra/i-p/u'-ra/) [intra, -with-
Intracapsular [in-ti-ah-kap' -su-lar) [intra, in; TTAsvpd, a rib]. Within the pleural cay-
within; ca/>suta, capsule']. Within the cap- ity.
sular ligament of a joint, as I. fracture. Intrapolar (tn-trah-po'-lar') [intra, within;
Intracartilaginous (în-trah-kar-til-aj' -in-iii) polus, pole].Between two poles.
[/;^/;77, within ; cartilago, cartilage]. Wîth- Intrapulmonary {in-trah-f>ul' -luon-a-re) [in-
in a cartilage, as I. ossification. tra, within; pulnio, the lung]. Within the
'
\v\.XxaLz€W\i\z.t [in-trah-sel -u-lar) [intra, with- substance of the lung.
in ; cellnla, a little cell]. Within the cell. Intraspinal [in-trah-spi' -nal) [intra within , ;
Intracerebral {in-trah-ser'-e-bral') [intra, spina, spinel. Within the spinal canal.

within cerebrum, cerebrum].
;
Within the Intratubal ijn-trah-tn'-bal^ [/;;//v7, within ;
cerel)rum. tuba, a trumpet]. Within a Fallopian tube.
Intracervical (in-trah-ser'-vik-al) [intra, Intratympanic [in-trah-tim-paji' -ik) [intra,
within; cervix, cervix]. Within the cervical within; /)'w/rt««w, the ear-drum]. Within
canal of the uterus. the tympanic cavity.
Intracranial [in -trah -
kra^- ne -
al) [intra, Intrauterine (
in-trah-u'-ter-tn ) [ intra,
within ; Kpaviov, the skull]. Within the within uterus, womb].
;
Within the uterus.
skull. Intravascular {in-trah-vas'-ku-Iar) [intra,
Intradermic [in-trak-der' -mik) [intra, with- within; vascu/um, a, small vessel]. Within
in ;
rff
/<//«, skin], 'VVithin the skin. the blood-vessels.
INTESTINES INTESTINES
The Stomach and Intestines, Front View, tlie Great Omentum Having Been Removed, and the Liver
Turned up and to the Right.
The dotted line sliows the normal position of the anterior border of the liver. The dart points to the
—
foramen of Winslow. [Gerrisk, after Testut.)
INTRAVENOUS lODIN
Intravenous [în-trah-ve' -mts) \jntra, willi- Invagination {în-vaj-in-a'-shuti) \in, in ;
iii ; a vein].
7'(V/(Z, Wilhin, or into the veins. a sheath].
7'(!i^nn<!,
Ihe act of ensheathing or
I. Injection, the introduction of a solution becoming enshi'athed.
directly into a vein. Invalid [in' -I'al-id) [/«, not valere, to be ;
Intravesical [iti-trah-ves' -ik-al) [/;//;<?, with- well]. I. Not welli 2. One who is not
in; 7'fsica, bladder]. Witliin the bladder. well, especially one who is chronically ill or
Intrinsic [infrin^-sik) \_i)ifrinsec-ns, on the whose convalescence is slow. 3. Suitable for
inside]. Inherent; situated within; pecu- an invali<l person, as 1. diet, 1. chair.
liar to a part, as the I. muscles of the larynx. Invasion [in-va'-diiDi) [/«,upon I'adere, io ;
Intro- [///'' -//(>-) [_intro, within]. prefix A go]. The onset, especially that of a disease.
signifyiiii^ within. Also, the manner in which the disease begins
\_in/ro, within
Introitus [in-tro' -it-iis) ?';y, ;
its attack.
to go]. An
aperture or entrance. I. pel- Inversion (in-ver'-sJittii) [?'«, not ; vertere,
vis, the inlet of the pelvis. I. vaginae, the to turn]. I. The act of turning inward. 2.
entrance to the vagina. A turning upside down. 3. In chemistry,

Intromission {in-tro-mish'-un') \Jiitro, with- the conversion of a dextrorotatory compound
in Diitlere, to send].
;
The introduction of into one that is levorotatory.
one body into another. Invert Sugar. A sugar that turns rays of
Introsusception [in-tro-siis-sep' -shwi) \jn- polarized light to the left. The term is usually
tro, within; suscipere, to receive]. Intus- applied to levulose or to a mixture of dextrose
susception. and levulose.
Introversion [in-fro-ver^-skun) \jutro, with- Invertebrata [inver te-bra'-taJi) \in, not;
in ; vertere, to turn]. A
turning within, as veiiebra, vertebra]. Animals that have no
a sinking within itself of the uterus. spinal column.
Intubation {in~lu-ha'-shiiii) [/«, in fiihis, a ;
Invertin [in-vfr'-tin) [/;/, not; 7'er/i-re, to
pipe]. The introduction of a tube into a turn]. A ferment found in the intestinal
juice, and produced by several species
of
part, particularly of a tube into the larynx,
to allow the entrance of air into the lungs, it converts cane-sugar in solu-
yeast plant ;
as in diphtheria. tion into invert-sugar.

Intumescence [in-fn-mes'-ens) \intuiiuscere, Investing [in-vi's'-fini^) \înves(ire,io\nwtsl\.
to swell]. A swelling. Ensheathing, surrounding.
Intumescentia Inveterate {in-vet'-er-dt) {in, with
an inten-
{in-tii-7nes-en'-she-ah) [I>.].
A swelling. I. gangliformis, the reddish sive force vetus, old].
; Long established ;
gangliform swelling of the facial nerve in obstinate, as an I. skin-disease.
the aqu.T?ductus Fallopii. In vitro {in tnt'-ro) [L.]. Within glass,
Intussusception [in-tus-sus-cp' -shun') [/;///«, especially within test-tubes.
within ; siiscipere, to receive]. Invagina- Involucrum [in-vo!-n'-knini) \invohiere to ,
tion or slipping of one part of tlie intestine enwrap]. The

covering of a part. The
into the part beyond. It is most frequent in sheath of bone enveloping a sequestrum.
the young, occurring as a rule on the right Involuntary [in-vol'-iin-tii-re)[in, not; T'elle,
side, the ileum slipping into the ascending to will]. Performed or acting independently
colon, carrying the ileocecal valve in front of of the will. I. Muscles, those that are not
it. The condition is characterized by pain, governed by the will.
tenesmus, frequent small bloody stools, the Involution (in-vo-lii'-shiai) {involvere, to
presence of a sausage -shaped tumor in the roll upon]. I. A turning or rolling inward.
flank, and often, on rectal examination, of a 2. The retrogressive change to their normal
mass in the rectum. condition that certain organs undergo after
The I. of the
Inula {in'-u-lah) [L. ]. Elecampane. fulfilling their functional purposes.
root of helenium, a plant of the natural
I. Uterus, the return of the uterus after gesta-
order Compositce, containing a principle re- tion to its normal weight and condition. I.-
sembling starch and termed inulin (sCjjH,,,^- forms, a term applied to microorganisms that
0,fl +
W.f)^, a crystalline body, alantic acid have undergone degenerative changes as a
(C,.H,,|,().^),
alantol (C||,H,f.O), and helenin result of unfavorable environment.
(Cgll/)). Elecampane is tonic, stimulant, dia- Iodic Acid (/-«/'-//). .See Acid.
lodid from
phoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, and ex- (i'-o-did) [J(jrf//f. violet-colored,
pectorant, and has been used in amenorrhea, lov, a violet; eltJof, a])pearance].
A com-
dropsy, and in scaly skin-diseases. Dose gr. pound of iodin with a base.
xx-s'j (1.3-4.0). lodin, lodum (i'-o-din, i-o^-diiin) ['Uf'w,

Inunction [iii-iiiik' -sJiiiii) \^!)ini7iûere,
to violet-colored, from lov, a violet; fliôf,
The act of rubbing an oily or fatty a|)pearance]. Symbol I ;

atomic weight
anoint].
substance into the skin. Also, the substance 126.53; quantivalence I; specific gravity
used. 4.948'at 17° C. (62.6° P.).
A nonmelaliic
lODISM IRIDOCHOROIDITIS
element with metallic luster, volatilizing at a Tetraiodopyrrol, an odorless, grayish-brown
low temperature, and giving off an irritating powder, soluble in alcohol and in ether, and
crimson -purple vapor. It occurs in most used as a substitute for iodoform, and also in
marine plants, in shell-fish, and in codliver the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Dose
oil. It soluble in alcohol, in solutions of
is ir. -V
ss-
(o.c I). Unof.
potassium iodid and of sodium chlorid. It is lodum [i-o'-dtcm). Iodin.
a powerful irritant, and is used chiefly as an loduret {i od'-u-ret) \iodin'\. An iodid.
alterative in scrofula and rickets as an ab- ;
Ion {i'-on) \j.(^v, lov, going]. element An
sorbent in goiter and lymphatic enlargements ;
set free by electrolysis, and classified as an
as a counterirritant, and to produce inflam- anion or kation, according as it is set free at
matory reaction in hydrocele and other cysts. the positive or negative pole.
The long-continued use of iodin and its pre- lotacism [i-o' -tas-izm) [Jwra, the letter 1].
paration produces a form of poisoning termed Inability to pronounce distinctly the proper
iodism. See lodism. I. -green, a green sound of the letter /.
pigment derived from coal-tar, used in histo- Ipecac, Ipecacuanha {ip'-e-kak, ip-e-kak-
logic work. Linimentum iodi (B. P.), u-an'-ah) [Braz. ipecaagueit].
, Ipecac.
used locally. Liquor iodi compositus, The root of Cephoelis ipecacuanha, a plant
Lugol's solution. Dose tTLJ-x (O.065-0.65). of the order Rubiacece, containing an alka-
Tinct. iodi. Dose n\v-xv (0.32-1.0). It loid, emetin, C.^8Hm^2*-'3' ^^^ ipecacuanhic
is chiefly used locally. Unguentum iodi, acid. Ipecac in large doses is emetic, in
is used locally as an absorbent. Vapor iodi small doses diaphoretic, expectorant, and in
(B. P.), used for inhalation. minute doses, a gastric stimulant. It is
lodism (i' - -
dizni) [((j(5?/f, violet-colored, used as an emetic, especially in narcotic
from (01', a violet; Eirfof, appearance]. A poisoning, in children, to dislodge
and,
condition arising from the prolonged use of membranes and secretions in croup and cap-
iodin or iodin-compounds, marked by frontal illary bronchitis as a diaphoretic in acute
;
headache, coryza, ptyalism, and various colds, as an expectorant in bronchitis, as a

skin-eruptions, especially acne; rarely by a sedative in vomiting (in minute doses), and
cachexia with atrophy of the sexual organs in dyspepsia as a stimulant. It is said to be
and marked nervous symptoms. a specific in tropical dysentery. Emetin is
Iodized {i' -o-dlzd) [i(j(J//f, violet -colored, emetic, but irritant in large doses. Bme-
from toy, a violet; e/(5of, appearance]. Im- tin. Dose as an emetic, gr. %—% (0.008—
pregnated with iodin. 0.016). I., Extractum, Fid. Dose n\^v-
Iodoform - - -
{i 0' do forni) \iodin ; forma, XXX (0.32-2.0). I. et morphinae, Tro-
form], CHI3. Triiodomethanc. Formyl chisci. Dose j-vj. I. et opii, Pulvis
triiodid, a yellow, finely crystalline sub- (Pulvis ipecacuanhae comp. B. P.). Dover's
stance having a peculiar penetrating odor, powder. Dose gr. ij-xv (o. 13-1.0). I.
and containing about 96.7 per cent, iodin by et opii, Tinct. Dose tTLv-x (0.32-0.65).
weight. It is readily soluble in chloroform I. cum scilla, Pilula Dose gr. v-
(B. P.).
and ether, less readily in alcohol, and but X (0.32-0.65). I., Syrupus. Dose as an
slightly in water. Iodoform is antiseptic and emetic- ITLxxx-f^j (2.0-4.0) for a child ;
anesthetic, and is used as a dressing to wounds f^^ss-f^j (16.0-32.0), for an adult; as an

and syphilitic and chancroidal ulcers, either expectorant, ITLv-f^j (0.32-4.0). I., Tro-
in powder or in the form of iodoform-gauze. chisci, each contains about \^ grain (o.02l)
In tu'.ierculous affections, when it can be di- of ipecac. I., Vinum. Dose n\^j-f3J
rectly introduced, it has yielded good results, (0.065-4.0).
being in such cases usually employed in the Iridal {i'-rid-al) \lpiq, iris]. Relating to the
form of an emulsion in olive oil or as an iris.
ethereal solution. Internally it has been Iridectomy {ir-id-ek^-to-me) [I/)/f,

iris ;
f/cro-
used as an alterative in goiter, rickets, pul- fiT}, excision]. The cutting out of a part of
monary tuberculosis, and syphilis. Dose gr. the iris.
j-iij (0.065-0.20). The use of large quanti- Iridencleisis, or Iridenkleisis {ir-id-en-kW-
ties locally has led to the production of toxic See
sis) [!p/?, iris; i)ii'/.elv, to lock in].
symptoms, which resemble those of meningi- Iridodesis.
tis, and to fatty degeneration of the internal Irideremia (ir-id-er-e' -me-aJi) [(p'C> iris ;
organs. I. -gauze, gauze impregnated with kprjiLia, lack]. Absence of one or both irides.
iodoform. I., Suppositoria (B. P.), are used Iridescence to
{ir-id-es'-ens) \_iridescere,
after rectal operations and in fissure of the shine with rainbow-colors]. The property
anus. I., Unguentum (U.S. P.), is used of breaking up light into the spectral colors.
as a local antiseptic and stimulant. Iridesis [ir-id-e^-sis). See Iridodesis.
lodol (i'-o-dol) [/(j(5,7f, violet-colored, from Iridochoroiditis (ir-id-o-ko-roid-i' -tis^ [''P'f>
lov, a violet; fIJor, appearance], CÎ^NH. iris ; x^pMi' chorion sWoc, likeness
; ; trig.
IRIDOCYCLITIS ISCHIOANAL
Inflammation of lioth the ing to rule not rhythmic not recurring at
inflammation]. ; ;
iris and the choroid of the eye. proper intervals, as an I. pulse.

Iridocyclitis [ir-id-o-sik-li' -tis) ['/)'?, iris; Irrespirable [ir-ivs'pir-a-bl) [?;z,not; 7-es-
hii'KAor, a circle ; cri^, inflammation]. In- pirare, to breathe]. Not capabl," of being
flammation of the iris and the ciliary body. breathed.
Iridodesis (ir-iJ-od^-es-is) [_}pi(:, iris; dlaig, Irrigation {ir-ig-a^-shun) [irrigare, to lead
a binding togetlier]. An operation for the water to]. The act of washing out by a
of the jûjiil, stream of water, as I. of the bladder.
pur])ose of altering the position I.,
by drawing the iris into one or two .small Continuous, the continuous passage of a
openings in the cornea and preventing its stream of water over a surface, in order to
return by a loop of silk placed around it. reduce or limit inflammation.
Iridodialysis [ir-id-o-di-aF -is-is). See Core- Irrigator [ir^-ig-a-tor)[irrigare, to lead water
duih'sis. to]. An apparatus for performing irrigation.
Iridodonesis {irid-o-do-ne'-sis) \}pic, iris; Irritability [ir-it-ab-il'-it-e) [irritare, to irri-
(SwiiGir, a trembling]. Tremulousness of tate, to tease]. I. The state of being irri-
the iris ; hippus. table, or of responding to stimuli. 2. A

Iridoplegia {ir-id-o-ple' -je-aJi) [Iptf, iris ;
functional disturliance of a part on account of
TcÂtjyij, stroke]. Paralysis of the sphincter which it reacts excessively to slight stimula-
of the iris. tion, as I. of the bladder, a condition in
Iridotomy [ir-id-ot'-o-ine) [//"f , iris ; to////,
which the urine is voided in small quantities
section]. An incision into the iris. at short intervals. I., Faradic, the state in
Iris (i'-ris) ['p'f, a halo or rainbow]. I. which the faradic current will cause muscular
A colored circular membrane, placed be- contraction. I., Galvanic, the state in which
tween the cornea and the Jens, and having the galvanic current will cause muscular con-
a central perforation, the pupil. It is traction. I., Muscular, the inherent con-
about half an inch in breadth, and consists tractile quality of a muscle. I., Nervous,
principally of two sets of unstriped mus- the property of a nerve to transmit impulses
cular fibers, the sphincter of the iris, or upon stimulation.
sphincter pupilla:, a narrow zone of cir- Irritable {ir'-it-a-bl) \irritare, to irritate, to
cular fibers surrounding the pupil, and the tease]. I. Reacting to stimuli. 2. Easily
dilator of the iris, or dilator pitpilhr, a radiate excited. I. Bladder, a condition of the
band of fibers extending from the pupil to bladder marked by constant desire to void
the border of the iris. I. -contraction. urine. I. Heart, a peculiar condition of the
See Reflexes, Table of. 2. Iris, or Blue flag, heart characterized by precordial pain, dysp-
a plant of the natural order IrideK. The nea on exertion, palpitation, and irregularity
rhizome of Iris versicolor (Iris, U. S. P.) is of the heart's action.
cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. Dose gr. Irritant (ir' -it-ant) \_irritare, to excite]. I.
x-xx (0.65-1.3). Extractum iridis. Dose Causing or giving rise to irritation. 2. An

gr. i-ij (0.065-0.13). Extractum iridis agent that induces irritation.
fluidum. Dose tTLv-x (0.32-0.65). I., Flor- Irritation [ir-it-a'-s/inn) \irritare, to excite].
entine, Orris root, the root of Iris florentina, I. A condition of undue excitement. 2. The
eraetocathartic and diuretic. At present it is act of irritating or stimulating. 3. The stimu-

used chiefly as an ingredient of tooth powders. lus necessary to the performance of a function.
Irish Moss. See Chondrus. Irritative [ir^-it-a-tiv) [irritare, to excite].
Iritic (i-rit'-ik) [(p(f,iris; iTiq, inflammation]. Characterized by or dependent on irritation.
Of the nature of, pertaining to, or affected I. Fever, a felirile condition dependent
with, iritis. upon the presence in the body of irritating
iritis (/-r/^V/.?) [Jp/f , iris ; <r/?, inflammation]. substances.
Inflammation of the iris. Ischemia {is-ke'-me-ah') [("irjf/r. to check ;
Iritomy [i-rit'-o-me). See Iridotomy. aiua, blood]. Local anemia.
Iron (i'-ern') [AS., ireti, iron]. See Ferruin. Ischemic [is-kern' -ik)\laxfiv , to check ; Of/zo,
Irradiation [ir-ra-de-a'-skun) [in, into; blood]. Affected with or relating to ischemia.
radiare, to radiate]. A phenomenon in which, Ischialgia (is-ke-al'-je-ah) [(fij/ov, hip ;
aK-
owing to the difference in the illumination of } Of, pain]. neuralgia of the hip.
Sciatica;
the field of vision, or its background, objects Ischiatic [is-ke-at'-ik) [Jff^/or, hip]. Per-
apjiear much larger than they really are. taining to the ischium.
Ischidrosis to
Irreducible [in, not re-
[ir-re-du'-se-hl^ ; (is-kid-ro'-sis) [}(j\riv, sup-
dticere, tolead back]. Not reducible not ; press; i(5p(jf, sweat]. Suppression of sweat.
capable of being replaced in a normal posi- Ischio- (is^-ke-o-) [iffj/or, hip]. prefix in- A
tion, as an I. hernia. dicating relationship to the ischium, or the hip.
Irregular {ir-reg'-u-la)') [in, not; reiîila, Ischioanal {is-ke-o-a'-nal) [isrliiniii : anus,
rule]. Not regular ;
not normal or accord- anus]. Pertaining to the ischium and anus.
ISCHIOBULBAR ISOPEPSIN
Ischiobulbar {/s
- ke - o
biiU- bar) \ischiuni ; -
pupil]. Equality in diameter of the two
36?.3nr, a bulb]. Pertaining to the ischium pupils.
and the bulb of the urethra. Isodiametric (i-so di-am-et'-rik') [/(Tof,
equal ;
Ischiocapsular {îs-ke-o-cap'-sti-lai-) \ischiutn; 6ia, through ^krpov, measure].

;
Having
capsida, a capsule]. Pertaining to the isch- equal diameters.
ium and the capsular ligament of the hip. Isodynamic (i-so-di-nam' -ik) ['ffof, equal ;
I schiocavernosus (is - ke- o -kav-er-no' - sus) 6'vvaiuq, force]. Having or generating equal
\_isihium : cavenia, cavern].
The erector amounts of force. I. Foods, those that jiro-
penis (or erector clitoridis). The word Mus- duce an equal amount of heat in undergoing
cuhis is understood. the chemic changes of digestion.
Ischiocele [is'-kc'-o-sel] \^Lax'tov, hip ; Kfjli], Isoelectric (/-50-£'-/c'/"'-/;7/[') [((TOf, equal; ///f/c-
tumor]. Hernia through the sciatic notch. 'IMv, amber]. Having the same electric
Ischiofemoral {îs-ke-o-fem' -o-ral [isc/iimii ) ; properties throughout.
femur, femur]. Pertaining to the ischium Isolate [is'-o-ldt or i'-so-lat) \isola,{xQ>m insula,
and the femur. an island]. To separate to place apart. ;
Ischioneuralgia {js-ke-o-nu-i-aF -je-aJi) \_jseh- Isomer (i' -som-er)\\aoc^, equal ; fitfmq, apart].
inm : wvpoi', nerve dAyof, pain]. Sciatica.
;
An isomeric body. See Isomeric.
Ischioperineal(M-/^t'-(i-/ifr-?«-^''-(7/) [/.f(://m/« ,• Isomeric (isomer^ -ik) [lanq, equal fiipoQ, a ;
Tvepivaiov, perineum]. Pertaining to both part]. Of a chemic substance, composed of

ischium and perineum pertaining to the ;
the same elements united in the same propor-
space between the anus and tlie scrotum. tions by weight in a restricted sense, com-
;
Ischiorectal (is-ke-o-rek' -tal) [117,^(01', isch- posed of the same elements and having the
ium; rectus, straight]. Pertaining to both same molecular weight as another substance.
ischium and rectum. I. Abscess, an inflam- Isomerism {i-som^-er-izm) \looq, equal ; //e-
mation of the areolar tissue of the ischiorectal por, apart]. Theûality of being isomeric. I.
fossa. I. Fossa, a deep fossa filled with is of two kinds — [a) substances may have the
loose areolar tissue situated between the same jjercentage-composition and the same
rectum and the ischium. molecular weights these are termed titefa-
;
Ischium [is' -ke-uni) [<(Tpo7', hip]. The in- meric ; [U) they may have the same percent-
ferior part of the os innominatum the bone :
age-composition, but different molecular
upon which the body rests in sitting. weights; these are termed /<'/i'Wi»r/V. Ammo-
Ischomenia [is-ko-iiie'-iie-ah) [laxîv, to sup- niumcyanate,CON.NH,.and urea, CON.^H^,
press; fiiji', month, menses]. Suppression are metameric ; acetylene, C.,?!,, benzene,
of the menstrual flow. CgHg, and styrene, CgH^,, are polymeric. I.,
Ischuretic [is-kit-ret'-ik) [/'o-Yfi', to
suppress ; Physical, the form in which bodies that
nrina, urine]. Relating to or relieving
I. are isomeric and not differing chemically
ischuria. 2. A
remedy or agent that relieves present different physical properties, such as
retention or suppression of urine. their action toward polarized light.
Ischuria [is-ku' -re-ah) [i(Tj«v, to suppress; Isometric [i- so-met' -rik) [tffof equal //er- , ;
iirina, urine]. Retention or suppression of por, measure]. Of the same dimensions. I.

urine. Muscular Act, the preservation of the length
Isinglass {i^-ztnQ--j^las). See IckthyocoUa. of a muscle when stimulated, the muscle only
I., Vegetable. See Agar-agar. undergoing a change in tension.
Island of Reil [i'-land; ril) [ J. C. Reil, a Isometropia [i-so-met-ro' -pe-aJi) [icrof, equal ;
German anatomist]. group of five or six A measure

//frpoi', ; cji/i,eye]. Equality of kind
small convolutions (gyri operti) situated at and degree in the refraction of the two eyes.
the bottom of the fissure of Sylvius. Isomorphic equal ; //0/2
(i-so-jnor'-fik) \lno(;,
Iso- [i'-so-^ [''T''C, equal]. prefix signify- A <pi/, form]. Having the same form; of crys-
ing equal, or, in chemic nomenclature, isom- tals, crystallizing in the same form.
eric. Isomorphism [J-so-mor'-fizni) \laoz, equal ;
Isoamylamin [i-so-nm-iF-am-iji') \_laoQ, liop<bri, form]. Similarity in crystalline form.

equal; amvhiin, starch; ami)i\. A pto- Isomorphous(?'-50-wr>;-''-//«). See Isomorphic.
main obtained in the distillation of horn with Isopathy [(ffoo, equal; rrdOoq,
(j-sop' -ath-e)
potassic hydrate ;
it also occurs in the putre- suffering]. The
treatment of disease by the
faction of yeast. administration of the causative agent or of
Isochromatic {i-so-kro-mat^-ik) [idof, equal ; its products, as the treatment of smallpox by
XiM^n, color]. Having the same color the administration of variolous matter.
throughout. Isopelletierin(/-w-/c'/-<'^''-<f-fr-?'«)[i'(TOf, equal ;
Isochronous (i
-
sok^- ro -
fins) [ttrof, equal; pelletierin'\. .See Pelletierin.
jp(5i'of, time]. Occurring at or occupying Isopepsin (i-so-pep'-siii) [tffof, equal ; Trhbiq,
equal intervals of time. digestion], i. A body foiTned by heating pep-
Isocoria (i-so-ko'-re-ah) [taof, equal ; ndpy, sin to a point between 104° and 140° F.
ISOPHORIA JADELOT'S LINES OR FURROWS
(40°-6o° C). It changes al])umin into jiara- , Pellagra. I. Rhinoplasty. See Opera-
peptone. 2. Same as Parapcptonc. tion, Tagliacoiian.
Itch to itch], i. Ai irri-
Isophoria (i-so-fo' -re-ah) \jrn>r,, equal foftoc, ; {icJi) [AS. , ;>/rr(7;/,
a tending]. A
condition in wliich the eyes tating sensation in the skin. 2. A name for
lie in the same horizontal plane, the tension various skin-diseases accompanied by itching,
of the vertical muscles of each eye being particularly scabies. I., Barbers'. See
equal, and the visual lines lying in the same Tinea sycosis. I. -mite. See Acariis scabiei.
plane. -ite (?/). 1. A
suftix employed in mineralogy
Isothermal (i-so-ther'-77ial^ equal; ['"''"C.
to denote a mineral, or of mineral origin. 2.
tttpfirj, heat].
Of equal or uniform tempera- A suffix employed in chemistry for the salt of
ture. I. Lines, lines drawn through places an acid that has the sufiix -ous.
having the same average temperature for a Iter (i'-ter) \_iter, a journey]. A passage-
I. ad infundibulum, the passage
given jieriod of time. way.
Isotropic, Isotropous {i-so-trop'ik, i-sot'- between the third ventricle of the brain
I. and the infundibulum. I. a tertio ad
ro-pits) [(CTOf, equal; tuot/';, turning].
Having the same shape and appearance, from quartum ventriculum, the aqueduct of
whatever point observed. 2. Being singly- Sylvius, extending from the third ventricle
refractive. to the fourth. I. chordae anterius, the
Issue [ish^-7c) [Fr. issue, from exire, to go

, aperture through which the chorda tympani
out]. I. An ulcer or fistulous passage made nerve leaves the tympanum. I. chordae
and kept up artificially for purposes of posterius, the aperture through which the
counterirritation. I. -pea, a pea-shaped chorda tympani nerve enters the tympanum.
foreign body (as of ivy-wood or orris-root), -itis [i'-tis) \_iTix, inflammation].
A suffix
inserted into an issue to keep up suppuration. used to denote inflammation.
2. (
)ffspring. Ivory (/''-T'^r-f') [(7'('rt7/.f, made of ivory, from
Isthmus {is'-»ius) [mfl/zor, isthmus].
A nar- e/'ur, ivory]. The hard bone-like substance
row, contracted part uniting two larger parts chiefly obtained from the tusks of elephants.
of an organ. I. of the Fauces, the sjiace I. -black, animal charcoal. I., Dental, den-
between the arches of the palate. I. of the tine.
Thyroid Gland, the narrow part connecting Ixodes [iks-o^-dez) [Jfof bird-lime d('io^,
, ;
the lobes of the thyroid body. form]. A genus of the order Acaridea, in-
Italian (if-aF-yun) \_Italus, an Italian]. Of cluding most of the parasitic ticks.
or pertaining to Ifaly. I. Leprosy. See
J, Symbol for Joule's equivalent. Jacobson's Nerve [L. L. Jacobson, a Dan-

Jaborandi [^jab-or-an'-de) [Braz.]. See Pilo- ish anatomist]. The tympanic branch of
carpus. the glossopharyngeal nerve. J.'s Organ, a
Jacaranda ( jak-ar-an'-da/i).
A genus of short, rudimentary canal, extending along the
bignoniaceous plants of tropical America, septum of Stensen's duct, and ending in a
several species of which are employed in culdesac.
syphilis in Brazil. J. caroba, is antisyjihil- Jactitation [jak- tit- a^-sliun) \_jactitare to ,
itic, and is of service in the treatment of pour forth]. A tossing about, a condition at
urethritis, rheumatism, and skin-diseases. times present grave diseases.
in
Dose of the fl. ext. 0-4.0). Jadelot's or Furrows \_Jadelot, a

Lines
, gtt. xvj-f^j (l.
Certain furrows of the
J. lancifoliata, is used by the natives of P'rench physician].
Brazil in urethritis. Dose of a 1-8 tincture face observed in conditions of disease. Three
rr^xv (i.o); of the fl. ext., gtt. xvj-xxx sets are distinguished The genal and na-
:
(1.0-2.0). Unof. sal furrows are said to indicate disease of the

Jacksonian Epilepsy. See Epilepsy. gastrointestinal tract or abdominal viscera;
Jacob's Membrane Jacob, an Irish physi-
\_
the former runs from the mouth toward the
The layer of rods and cones of the malar bone, the latter from the nasal alaMn
cian].
retina. J.'s Ulcer. See Rodent Ulcer, and a semicircle about the mouth ;
the labial
Diseases, Table of. furrow, from the angle of the mouth out-
JAIL-FEVER JUGLANS
ward to the lower part of the face, indicates Trismus. J., Lumpy, actinomycosis of
disease of the lungs the oculozygoma-
;
cattle.
tic furrow, beginning at the inner canthus Jecur [je'-ker^ [L]- The liver.
of the eye, and passing outward below the Jejunal { Jef-u-na/) [/ty«;/«.f, empty]. Per-
lower lid, to be lost on the cheek ; it is said taining to the jejunum.
to point to disorders of the nervous system. Jejunocolostomy [jej-u-no-ko-los' -to-iiie) [ je-
Jail-fever. Typhus fever. juiius, empty; Ko'kov,colon; arofia, mouth].
V. Jaksch's Disease. Pseudoleukocythe- The formation of an artificial passage be-
mia of infants. tween the jejunum and the colon.
Jalap ( jal'- ap) [from Jalapa, a city of Jejunoileostomy [je-juno-il-e-os'-to-iiii) \_je-
Mexico]. The tuberous root of Ipomcea jal- j uii us, Gm.\:iiy ileum; oroua, mouth]. The
;
formation an artificial communication

of
apa (U. S. P. \, of Ipomcea purga (Exogonium
])urga) (B. P.), a plant
of the natural order between the jejunum and the ileum.
Convolvulacere. Its active principle is a Jejunostomy (Je/'-u-nos^-lo-me) \_jejunus,
resin (Resina jalapte, U. S. P.), which con- empty; aruaa, mouth]. The making
of an
tains a glucosid, convolvulin, C3,HjpO,g. Ja- opening through the abdominal wall
artificial
lap is an active hydragogue cathartic,

and is into the jejunum.
used to remove dropsical effusions by the Jejunum [jej-u'-num) \_jejumts, empty, be-
bowel. Combined with calomel it is a fa- cause usually found empty after death]. The
voriteremedy in bilious fever. Dose of pow- second division of the small intestine extend-
dered jalap gr. xv-xxx (1.0-2.0). J., Ex- ing between the duodenum and the ileum,
tractum. Dose gr. iv-viij (0.26-0.52). J., and measuring about eight feet (2.2 meters)
Pulvis, Comp. Dose gr. x-,^j (0.65-4.0). in length.
J., Resina. Dose gr. iv-viij (0.26-0.52). Jelly [jel'-e) [^gelare. to freeze]. A soft,
Jalapin {jal'-ap-iii) \î\om Jahipa, c\iy oi s.
gelatinous, tremulous substance. J., Whar-
Mexico]. A purgative glucosid from Ipo- ton's, the gelatinous mucoid connective tis-
mcea or Convolvulus orizabensis. sue investing the umbilical cord.
Jamaica Dogwood. See Piscidia. Jennerian {j:n-e'-re-aii] [after Edward y^w-
Janiceps \_Janus, a two-faced
i^jan' -is-eps) ner, an English physician]. Pertaining to
divinity; fff/«/, head]. A
syncephalic mon- Edward Jenner, the discoverer of vaccination
strosity with two faces. against smallpox.
Jarjavay's Muscle. The depressor urethrns. Jequirity ( je-kwir'-it-e'). See Abrus.
Jasmine i^jas'-min) [Pers.,j'ajw/«, jasmine]. Jervin jer'-vin^.
(
See Veratrum.
See Gelsemiuin. Jesuits' Bark. Cinchona.
Jatropha ( jat'-ro-fah) \\aTp6q, a physician ; Jigger Flea. See Pulex.
rpo'pr], nourishment]. A genus of euphorbia- Jimson-weed [Jim'-sun-wed). See Stramo-
ceous plants. J. curcas, is the source of nium.
purging nuts. J. manihot, yields tapioca. Joint \îungere, to join]. See Articulation.
Jaundice [jawn'-dis) [Fr., Jaunisse, from J., Charcot's. See Diseases, Table of.
Jaime, yellow]. A yellow discoloration of Joule [jo-iol) [after J- P- Joule, an English
the skin, mucous membranes, and secretions, physicist]. 1. A unit of electric energy,
due to the presence of bile-pigments in the equivalent to the work expended when a
blood . See Icterus. J., Catarrhal, that current of one ampere flows for one second
due to swelling of the bile-ducts from catarrh. against a resistance of one ohm. 2. small A
J., Hematogenous, that form due to ex- calorie —
the amount of heat required to raise
cessive destruction of blood-corpuscles. J., the gram of water l° C.
Hepatogenous, that due to obstruction to Joule's Equivalent (abbreviated J.) {jowlz)
the flow of bile from the liver. By some [after J. P. Joule, an English physicist].
all forms of jaundice are considered hepato- The mechanic equivalent of heat or the
genous, since bile is made only in the liver. amount of work that converted into heat
J., Malignant, acute yellow atrophy of the will raise the temperature of i lb. of water
liver, 'nee. Icterus gravis. J. of the New- 1° F. It is equivalent to 772 foot-pounds.
born. See Icterus neonntorttni .
Jugal /u'-gal) \_juguin,a.ydke.'\.
( Connect-
Jaw [AS., crflii'att, to chew], i. Either of ing or uniting, as by a yoke. J. Bone, the
the two parts of the face (upper or lower jaw) malar bone. J. Process, the zygomatic pro-
serving the purpose of seizing or masticating cess.
the food. 2. Also the bone
(jaw-bone or Juglans [L., walnut]. Butternut.
{jil' -glanz)
jaw) that forms the framework of the jaw. The bark of the root of J. cinerea, of the
J. -jerk, J. -clonus, a reflex contraction of natural order Juglandaceae. It is a mild
the muscles of mastication produced by sud- cathartic, and has also been used in intermit-
denly depressing the lower jaw. See A'c/êxes, tent and remittent fever. Dose of the extract,
Table of. J., Lock, or Locked. See gr. xx-xxx (1.3-2.0).
JUGULAR KAMALA
Jugular [jn'-gu-lar) \_jugiilnm, throat]. Per- in nephritis, pyelitis, and cystitis. Dose of
taining to the throat. J. Foramen. See the oil, TTLJ-iv Spiritus juni-
(0.065-0.26).
Foraiiiitia, Table of. J. Fossa, a notch in peri, dose TrLxxx-f_::^j (2.0-4.0). Spiritus
the jjosterior border of the petrous portion of juniperi compositus, is the pliarmacopeal
the temporal bone, which, with a similar representative of the beverage gin ; dose
notch in the occipital bone, forms the foramen (4.0-16.0). J. sabina, yields savine
f.T j"~'^
laceram posterius. J. Ganglion, the superior (Sabina, U. S. P.). J. virginiana, red
ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve. J. cedar, the tops of which are used as a sub-
Process, a rough process externa] to the constitute for savine.
dyle of the occipital bone. J. Veins, the Junket [jiink'-et) [îimats, a rush]. "Curds
internal J. vein collects the blood from the and whey," prepared by coagulating milk
brain, part of the face and neck, and unites with rennet.
with the subclavian vein to form the vena Junod's Boot (Jii^-nds). A boot-shaped case,
innominata ; the external J. vein carries usually of stiff leather, made to enclose the
the blood from the exterior of the cranium leg so that, the air being exhausted, the
and parts of the face and empties into the blood rushes to the enclosed part. It has
subclavian vein. been employed to relieve inflammation and
Juice {jiis) [yVw, broth] i The liquid con-
. .
congestion of the viscera.
tained in vegetal or animal tissues. 2. Any Jurisprudence [ju-ris-pni' -dens) S^jus, law ;
of the secretions of the body, as the intes- prudentia, skill]. The

science of the inter-
tinal or pancreatic juice. pretation and application of the law. J.,
Jujube [jic^-fub) \_jujuba, fruit].
The fruit Medical, the application of medical knowl-
of tiie jujube tree, Zizyphus jujuba. J.- edge to the principles of common law.
paste, a paste containing the pulp of ju- Jury-mast {jii'-re-masf) \^piry, from Dan.
jubes, and used in pulmonary disorders. It kiore, a driving; AS., incest, mast]. steel A
is now made of gum-arabic, or of gelatin, shaft with curved iron rods attached, em-
variously tlavored. ployed to support the head in disease of the

Julep [ju'-lep) \Vtrs. jiildb a sweet drink].
, , upper vertebra;.
A sweetened drink containing aromatic or Justomajor Pelvis [Jits' -toiiia^jor). See
medicinal substances. Pelvis.
Jumpers [Scand., guvipa, to

{jitm'-perz) Justominor Pelvis [jus' -to-ini' -nor). See
jump]. Persons afflicted with a peculiar neuro- Pelvis.
sis by reason of which they do whatever they Jute [jilt') [Beng., y?7/, matted hair]. The
are told, and perform sudden leaping or jump- bast fiber of several species of the genus
ing movements. Corchorus, grown chiefly in India and Cey-
Juniperus {^jn-nip'-er-us). I. A genus of lon. Jute is used as an absorbent dressing.
coniferous trees. 2. Juniperus, the fruit or Juxtaposition i/nks-ta-po-zish'-nn) \_jnxta,
Situation adjacent
berry of J. communis, containing a volatile near; posifio, position].
oil, oleum juniperi, and an amorphous sub- to another; the act of placing near; appo-
stance, juniperin. J. is
a stimulant to the sition.
genitourinary mucous membrane, and is used
K
K. The symbol of Potassium (kalium). smell ; vki], matter]. As (CH.,).,. Cacodylj
K., or Ka. The abbreviation of Kathode, or dimethylarsin a radical containing arsenic,
;
of Kathodic. hydrogen, and carbon. It is a colorless, heavy

Kairin {ki'-rin) the right time], C,q-
[/crt^/)df, liquid, with an extremely offensive odor; it
The is inflammable when exposed to air. Its pro-
II,3NO.HCI.H20. hydrochlorate of
oxychinolin-ethyl, is antipyretic, diaphoretic, toxid is called alkarsin, q. v.
and emetic, and lias been used as a substi- Kakosmia [kak-oz'-mr-ah). See Cacosmia.
tute for quinin. Dose gr. v-xv (0.32-I.0). Kali {ka'-li\ [Ar., qali, potash]. Potash.
Kairolin (ki'-ro-lin) \_mtis6c, the right time], Kalimeter [ka- liin'- et -
cr). See Alkaliin-
C|f,H,jN. Methylquinolin hydrid. An an- e/er.
tipyretic resembling kairin, but less efficient.

Kalium [kn'-le tan). Potassium.
" Kamala •
a' -
kannla^
Kakke(/('';/{"'-,^r?l [Chinese for leg-disease"]. [kain lah) [Hind.,
Epidemic and endemic multiple neuritis, or Rottlera. The glands and hairs from the
beriberi. cajisules of Mallotus philippinensis (Rotlilera
bed to tinctoria), native to Southern
Asia and Abys-
Kakodyl [kak'-o-dil) [kokoi,', ; o^tLV,
KANGAROO KERATITIS
sinia. It is purgative and anthelmintic, and alkaloid, kavain. The resin is a motor de-
is used for the expulsion of lumbricoid worms pressant, locally at first an irritant, later an
and tapeworms. Dose 3J-iij (4.0-12.0). anesthetic ;
it is also a cardiac stimulant.
Kangaroo. A marsupial mammal of Aus- Kava-root has been used in gonorrhea, leu-
tralia and the neighboring islands. K. Ten- korrhea, and incontinence of urine. Dose
don, a tendon derived from the tail of the of fluid extract Tr\^xv-f_:^j (1.0-4.0).
K. and used for surgical ligatures. Kefyr [kef'-ir) [Caucasian]. A nutritious
Kaolin [ka'-o-lin) [Chin. , kaoling, " high substance obtained by a peculiar fermenta-
ridge "]. White clay, China-clay. The sili- tion of cow's milk produced by certain fungi.
cate of aluminum, obtained from the decom- K.-seed, a substance containing the ferment
It is sometimes used as [Bacillics eaneasiftis) of kefyr. It is used
position of felspar.
a protective application in eczema and as a in preparing the genuine kefyr.
coating for jiills.
Kelectome {ke'-/ek-tdw) \_Kif/->f,
a tumor; ik
Kaposi's Disease. See Atrophoderma pig- out; rtui'ea', to cut], A

cutting instrument
mentosum, and Xeroderma pigmentosum. introduced into a tumor, by means of a can-
Karyokinesis [kar-e-o-kin-e' -sis) \jidpvov, a nula, in order to obtain a part of the sub-
nut (nucleus) n'lvrjaiq, movement, change].
;
stance for examination.
Indirect cell-division, the common mode of Kelis {Ae'-lis) [w/z/f, scar]. Keloid.
reproduction of cells. It depends upon Keloid {ke'-loid) [from Kr/'/iQ, a scar, or xn'tîj,
complicated changes in the mitome of the a claw; ei(5oc, likeness]. Cheloid Alibert's ;
cell-nucleus that may be divided into the keloid ; kelis. A

tumor-like fibrous out-
following steps : i. The nucleus becomes growth, usually occurring at the site of a
larger the mitome-filaments thicken and
: scar. It is elevated, whitish or pink in color,
form a close skein, or spirem. 2. The fibrils and sends prolongations into the surrounding
become less convoluted and more widely tissues resembling the claws of a crab. Hj
separated, forming the loose skein at the ; many it is not considered a true tumor, bul
same time the nuclear spindles, two cone- merely a hyperplastic scar. It aftecls the
shaped striated bodies, appear in the achro- colored race more frequently than the white.
matin. 3. The mitome-fibrils split longitud- K. of Addison, morphea.
inally. 4. The segments migrate toward the Kelotomy {ke-loF -o-me'). Herniotomy.
poles of the new nuclei, constituting daugh- Keratectasia <^ker-at-ek-ta'-se-ali) [/if'pof,
ter-wreaths, or asters. 5. Transformation of horn, cornea ; hiTaaiq, extension]. A bulg-
asters into fully-developed nuclei. 6. Divis- ing forward of the cornea.
ion of the cell-protoplasm. Keratin {ker'-at-in) [/cf/jar, horn]. basis The
Karyokinetic i^kar-e-o-kin-et' -ik) \Kh()vm<, nu- of horny epithelium, hair, nails, feathers, etc.
cleus «:/w/(T/f, motion].
; Pertaining to karyo- It contains sulphur, and on decomposition
kinesis, as K. figures, the forms assumed by yields leucin and tyrosin.

the mitome in karyokinesis. Keratitis (ker-at-i'-tis) \_KFpaq, cornea ; iriq,
Karyolysis [kar-e-oF -is-is) [m/jwr, nucleus ; inllaramation]. Inflammation of the cornea.

"k'vEiv, to loose]. The segmentation of the K. bullosa, the formation of large or small
nucleus of the cell. blebs upon the cornea of an eye, the seat of
Karyomitome (kar-e-om' -it-om) \Kapvov, nu- iridocyclitis, interstitial keratitis, or glaucoma.
cleus ; thread].
iiiToq, The mitome-threads K., Interstitial, a form of keratitis in which
of the nucleus. the entire cornea is invested with a diffuse
Karyomitosis [kar-e-o-??iit-o'-sis) [/iopiiOF, nu- haziness, almost completely hiding the iris.
cleus ; fiirur, a thread]. Karyokinesis. The surface of the cornea ]iresents a ground-
Karyomitotic [kar-e-o-mit-ot^-ik)\_ndf)vnv, nu- glass appearance. Later, from ciliary injec-
cleus ; filrog, a thread]. Relating to karyo- tion, blood-vessels form in the superficial lay-
mitosis. ers of the cornea, and produce a dull-red
" salmon
Karyoplasm [kar^-e-op/azm) [_Kdpvov, a nut, color, the patch" of Hutchinson.
kernel ; Tr'/jiacFen', to form]. The nuclear The entire cornea may become cherry-red.
substance of a cell. The disease most frequent between the ages
is
Kata- {/cat' -ah-). For words thus beginning, of five and fifteen, and occurs in syphilitic in-
and not found under K, see Caia-. dividuals. K. neuroparalytica, keratitis
Katabolic [kat-ab-oF-ik). See CataboHc. following lesion of the trifacial nerve. Its
Kath-. For words thus beginning see Cath-. cau.se is loss of
trophic influence, aided by
Kation [kat'-e-on'). See Cation. mechanic irritation and drying of the cornea.
Kava, orKava-kava [kah'-i'ah) [Hawaiian]. K., Phlyctenular, a variety characterized by
I. An intoxicating beverage prepared in the the formation of small papules or pustules, often
Sandwich Islands from the root of Piper me- associated with similar lesions upon the con-
thysticura. 2. The root of Piper methysti- junctiva. It is marked by much local conges-
cum, containing a resin, kawin, and an tion, lacrimation, and intense photophobia.
KERATOCELE KIDNEY
R. punctata, a secondary affection of the Keratoscope i^ker' -at-o-skop) [Ktpar, cornea;
ccjriuriiin association with affections of tlie iris, dKoTrni', to ojjserve]. An instrunuiit for ex-
choroid, and vitreous. It is characterized iiy amining the cornea, and testing the symmetry
the formation of opaque dots, generally arof its meridians of curvature.
ranged in a triangular manner upon the pos- Keratoscopy [ker-at-os'-ko-pe) [nipog, cor-
terior elastic lamina of the cornea. It is some- nea; o/vOTTth, to observe]. I. Examination
times designated as descemetitis. K. puru- of the cornea with the keratoscope. 2. Re-
lenta, that accompanied by the formation of tinoscopy, or skiascopy.

juis. Trachomatous.
K., See J'ainius. Keratosis [ker-at-o'-sis) \_K(pac, horn]. Any
K., Traumatic, that consequent upon disease of the skin characterized liy an over-
wounds or other injury of the cornea. growth of the horny epithelium. K. follicu-
Keratocele (ker'-at-o-sel) [/Cf/jaf, cornea ;
laris. See Darier's Disease. K. pilaris, a
/C7//.?/, tumor].
A hernia of Descemet's mem- chronic affection of the skin markeil by hard,
brane through the cornea. conical elevations investing the hair-follicles,
Keratoconus [ker- at
-
o ko' - tins) [w'paf ,
and somewhat resembling gooseflcsh. K.
cornea; Kwvof, cone]. A conical protrusion senilis, a cornification of the skin of old
of the cornea. people, often limited to certain definite regions,
Keratogenous (
ker- at- oj' - en -us) [ idpar, as the face and dorsal surfaces of the hands
horn yevvav, to beget].
; Producing a horny and feet.
or horn-like substance. Keratotome [ker'-at-o-toni). See Keratome.
Keratoglobus [/cer-at-o-glo^ -bus) \_K^paq, cor- Keratotomy \kcr-at-ot' -o-me) \Ktpar, cornea ;
nea; globus, a ball]. A globular protrusion TZfivtiv, to cut]. Incision of the cornea.
of the cornea. Keraunoneurosis {ker-a%v-no-nu-ro' -sis) [/ce-
Keratoglossus [ker at - -
o -gios^- us) [/cfpof, pavv6r, lightning vevpov, nerve
; rorjoc, dis-
;
horn; tongue]. See Jl/usc/t's Table.

}7wc7cr«, ease]. Nervous disease due to lightning-
Keratohyalin (/ivr - at- o hi'- al in) [wpaf , stroke.
- -
'
horn ; va7Mq, glass] A peculiar substance . Kerion [ke' -re-on)\_Kijpiov , honey-comb]. See
occurring in granules in the deeper layers of Tinea ket-ion.
the skin. Kerkring, Valves of. The valvulaa conni-
Keratoid {ker'-at-oid) [«'p"?> horn; t\8oc, ventes of the small intestine.
like]. Hornlike. Kermes [ker'-uiez) [Pers., (^//-w/z, crimson].
Keratoiritis [ker-at-o-i-ri'-tis) [^fpof, cor- A red dye-stuff resembling cochineal, made
nea //)<f iris
; !Tiq, inflammation]
,
Com-
;
from the bodies of the dried insects. Coccus
bined inflammation of the cornea and the ilicis, found on the Kermes oak. K. Min-
iris. eral, a mixture of the teroxid and tersulphid
Keratoma [ker-at-o' -luah) [/cf/xif, horn o««,;
of antimony.
tumor]. I. See Callositas. 2. Congenital Ketone {ke'-tott) [an arbitrary variation of
ichthyosis the presence ;
of horny plates acetone^. An organic compound consisting
upon the integument. of the unsaturated radicle united to =C=0
Keratomalacia iker-at-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [kc- two alcohol-radicles.
paf, cornea; fialuKia, softness]. soften- A Kidney [kid'-ne) [ME., kidnere, from Icel.,
ing of the cornea. kviSr, the womb; «]';-(?, kidney] One of .
Keratoma {ker' -at-oin) \jdpac, cornea; rojii],

the two large glandular organs situated in the
a cutting]. A knife with a peculiar trowel - upper and posterior portion of the abdominal
like blade, used for making the incision into cavity, and concerned in the excretion of the
the cornea in the operation of iridectomy. urine. It consists of an outer cortical sub-
Keratometer [ker-at-ovi'-et-er) [Kf/j«c, cor- stance, and an inner medullary substance.
nea; fit-pov, measure]. An instrument for The medulla consists of from 8 to i8 pyra-
measuring the curves of the cornea. mids (pyramids of Malpighi), the apices of
Keratomycosis {ker-at-o-vii-ko'-sis) [/cf/jaf, which, the papillre, project into the calicesof
cornea ; jJ-'ikijc^, fungus] A fungoid growth the ureter. The pyramids are striated, and
of the cornea. in places send narrow projections into the cor-
Keratonyxis [ker-at-o-tiiks' -is) [Kl-pa(;,

cortex, the medullary rays, or pyramids of Fer-
nea; vrf/f, a pricking]. The
needling of a rein. Between the pyramids are extensions
soft cataract by puncture through the cornea ;
from the cortex, the columns of Pertini. The
also, the old operation of couching a cataract cortex, by the penetration into it of the med-
with the needle. is divided into medullary rays and
ullary rays,
Keratoplasty {ker' -at-o-plas-te) \K'tpac, cor- tiie labyrinth. The secreting structure of
nea ; 7r7fl(j(TEn', to form] Plastic operation. the kidney consists of long tubes, beginning in
upon the cornea, es[)ecially the transplanta- an ex]mnded extremity, the capsule of Bow-
tion of a portion of cornea from the eye of a man, which invests a tuft of blood-vessels, the
lower animal to that of man. glomerulus, and constitutes, together with this,
KIDNEY KIDNEY
Longitudinal Section through the

—
Kidney. ( Tyson, after Henle.)
2". Boundary layer of medulla. 2'.
Papillary portion of medulla. 3, 3.
•
Transverse section of tubules in
boundary layer. 4. Fat of renal
sinus. *. Transversely coursing
medullary rays. 5, 5. Artery, i".
Labyrinth, i'. Medullary rays. 2.
Medulla. i. Cortex. C. Renal
calyx. U. Ureter. A. Branch of
renal artery.
Diagram Showing the Relation Borne by the Blood-

vessels to the Tubules of the Kidney.
The upper half corresponds to the cortical, the lower
half to the medullary, part of the organ. The
plain tubes are shown separately
on the right, and
the vessels on the left. The darkly shaded arteries
send off straight branches to the pyramids and
larger interlobular branches to the glomeruli,
the
efferent vessels of which form the plexus around
the convoluted tubes.
KILOGRAM KNIFE
a.
Malpighian body extending from this
;
treatment of disease by systematic active ar
is the proximal convoluted tubule then ; passive movements.
comes the tubule, then the loop of
spiral Kinesipathy [kin-es-ip'-atk-c) \_K!vr/aic, mo-
Henle, consisting of a descending and an tion ; Tra'ior,
disease]. Kinesiotherapy.
ascending limb then the distal convoluted
;
Kinesodic [kin-es-od'-ik) \Kivi]ai(;, motion ;
tubule, which terminates in the collecting ofSor, way]. Pertaining to the motor path-
tubule. The blood-vessels of the kidney ways.
divide into two sets of branches, one sup- Kinesthesia [kin-es-the' -zc-ak), Kineslhesis
plying the cortex, the other the medulla. [kin-es-the' -sis) [/v/j7/fT;f,
motion ; alalir/ai^,
The kidney weighs about 150 grams. K., sensation]. That quality of sensations where-
Amyloid, a kidney the seat of amyloid by we become aware of our position in space,
degeneration. K., Fatty, one the seat of our movements, and that gives us our im-
extensive futty degeneration. K., Float- pression of weight and resistance.
ing, one susceptible of displacement over a Kinetic [kin-et'-ik] Sjuvitiv, to move]. Per-
consid.erable extent of the al)domen, a containing to motion producing motion, as K.
;
dition most frequent in women, and as a nile ••

energy.
affecting the right side. K., Gouty, or K., King's Evil. Scrofula, on account of a be-
Granular, the small kidney resulting trora lief that it could be cured by the touch of the
chronic interstitial nephritis. K., Horse- king. King's Yellow. .See Orpiment.
shoe. See Horseshoe-kidiiey. K., Large YJviXo[kV -no) [E. Ind.]. The inspissated juice
White, that of the advanced stage of chronic of Pterocarpus marsupium, found in India,
parenchymatous nephritis. K. of Preg- and similar in action to tannic acid it is ;
nancy, an anemic kidney with fatty infiltra- used mainly as a constituent of gargles and
tion of the epithelial cells, but without any diarrhea-mixtures. K., Tinct. Dose ITj^x—
acute or chronic inflammation, occurring in {7,\] (0.65-8.0). Pulv.,Comp. (B.P.).
K.,
pregnant women. K., Pigback, the large Dose gr. v-xx
(0.32-1.3). K. -tannic
congested kidney found in alcoholic subjects. Acid, a variety of tannic acid found in kino.
K., Red Contracted. See K., Granular. Kinone [kin'-dn). See Qttinone.
K., Small White, the final stage of the Kissingen Salts (/&w'-/«^'-/;/) [Ger.]. Effer-
large white kidney after loss of its substance vescing salts from the mineral springs of
from atrophy or degeneration. K., Surgical, Kissingen. K. Water, a laxative tonic min-
pyelonephritis. K., Waxy. Same as A^, eral-water of Kissingen, in Bavaria.
Amyloid. Klatsch-preparation [klatch -prep - ar- a' -
Kilogram (kW -o-grani) [;<;/AiOi,
one thousand; shun) [Cier., Klatschprdparat\ A cover-
YpdiJ,fia,a.n inscription]. One thousand grams, glass preparation made by pressing the cover-
or 2.2 pounds avoirdupois. glass lightly on a bacterial colony in plate-
Kiloliter {kil' - - le - ter) \_xi'^lol, thousand; culture.
/l/r/)(i, a pound]. One thousand liters, or Kleptomania [klcp-to-ma' -ne-ah) [/cAfTi-reii',
35.31 cubic feet. to steal ; madness].
//ai'/a,
A form of emo-
Kilometer [kil^-o-me-ter) [ y''?-'o«, thousand ; tional insanity manifested by a morbid desire
/iFTfiov, measure]. One thousand meters, or to commit theft.
1093.6 yards. Knee [AS., ('«£'<?, knee].

[ne) The articula
Kilostere ykil' -o-ster') \_x'i'^joi,
thousand ; tionbetween the femur and the tibia. K.-
GTfpp6(;, solid]. One thousand cubic meters. cap, the patella. K., Housemaid's. See
Kinaesthesia [kin-es-the' -ze-ah). See Kin- Housemaid' s Knee. K., In.- See Genu
esthesia. valgum. K. of Internal Capsule, the angle
Kinematics [^kin em at'- iks) \_KLvhLv, to
- -
of junction of the anterior and posterior
move]. The science of motion. limbs of the internal cajisule. K.-jerk,
Kinesiology [kin-es-e-oF -o-je) \_KivTjaL^, mo- Patellar Tendon-reflex, K. -reflex, or K.-
tion /*,(5yof, discourse]. The science of move-
; phenomenon, a contraction of the quadri-
ments, considered especially as therapeutic or ceps extensor femoris muscle as a result of a
hygienic agencies. light blow on the patellar tendon. See also
Kinesiometer [kin-es-e-om' -et-er) [^Kivijaic;, Reflexes, Table of. K. -joint, a hinge-joint
motion; fierpov, measure]. An instrument consisting of the articulation of the condyles
for determining quantitatively the motion of of the femur with the upper extremity of the
a part. tibia and the posterior surface of tlie patella.
Kinesioneurosis (kin-es-e-o-nu-ro' -sis) [/cnv;- K.,Knock-. See Genu valgum. K., Out-.
ffzf, movement ; vavpov, a nerve ; v6ao(^, dis- See Genu varum. K.-pan, the patella.
ease]. A
functional nervous disease asso- Knife [nlf) [AS., cnif, knife]. An instru-
ciated with disorders of motion. ment for cutting. In surgery, knives are of
Kinesiotherapy [kin-es-e-o-ther' -ap-e) \_k'(V7]-
various shapes and sizes, according to thelt
a<f, movement ; ê/3a7re/n, treatment]. The use.
KNOCK-KNEE KYPHOTIC
Knock-knee {nok'-ne). See Gtini valgu>/i. arrow-poison (kombe inee) extracted from
Knot {iio() [ME., kiiotte, a knot]. An inter- Strophanthus kombe.
la-.ement of ends or parts of one or more cords Kopftetanus {kopf-tet-an-ui) [Ger.]. Ceph-
oi threads so that they can not be readily alic tetanus. See Tetanus,
separated. K., Clove-hitch, a knot consist- Kopiopia [kop-e-o'-pc-ah). See Copiopia.
ing of two single, contiguous kjops, the free Koroscopy [kor-os^-ko-pe). See 7\.'it/noscopr.
ends toward each other. K., Double. Same Kosin (/(v^-j-/«)[Abyssinian, cusso~\,C.^^ll.^|JC)^g.
as K., Friction. K., False. Same as A'., Same as Koussin. See Brayera.
Granny. K., Friction, one in which the Koumiss (/'6iy^-w/j) [Tartar, kuiin'z, fermented
ends are woundtwice around each other be- mare's milk]. An alcoholic drink originally
fore they are lied. K., Gerdy's Extension, made by the fermentation of mare's milk. At
resembles the clove hitch. K., Granny, a tie present cow's milk is used in making it.
Koussin {hoos^-in). See Brayera.
'
of a cord in which in the second loop the end

of one cord is over, and the other under its Kousso {koos'-o). See Brayera.
fellow, so that the two loops do not lie in the Krameria {^kra - vie' - re - ah) [after J. G. H.
same line. K., Reef, a knot so formed that Kramer, an Austrian physician]. A genus
the ends come out alongside of the standing of polypelatous herbs. Rhatany, the root of
parts and the knot does not jam. K., K. triandra and K. tomentosa, shrubs native
Sailor's. Same as K., Keef.
K., Square. to South America, possessing the same astrin-
Same as A'., Keff.K., Staffordshire, used gent qualities as tannic acid. It is u.sed in
in ligating the pedicle in ovariotomy. The serous diarrheas. K., Ext. Dose gr. v-x
ligature is passed through the pedicle, and (0.32-0.65). K., Ext., Fid. Dose rr^v-
withdrawn so as to leave a loop, which is f.:^ss(0.32-2.0). K., Infus. (B. P.) Dose
passed over the tumor, and one of the free f^j-ij (32.0-64.0). K., Syr., contains of
ends is then drawn through the loop ; both the fluid extract 35, syrup 65. Dose f J^ ss-
ends are then passed through the pedicle, 3SS (2.0-16.0). K., Trochisci, contain
tightened, and tied. K., Stay, formed by each gr. j (0.065) of the extract. K., Tinct.
two ov more ligatures in the following way : Dose n\,v-3J (0-32-4-0).
On each ligature separately is made the first Kraurosis {krow - ro' - sis') l^Kpnvfjor, dry].
hitch of a reef knot, which is tightened so Shriveling and dryness, especially of the vulva.
that the loop lies in contact with the vessel, Krause's Corpuscles {kj-07v'-zes). Terminal
without constricting it then taking the two
; nerve-corpuscles of the conjunctiva, the gen-
ends on one side together in one hand, and itals, and other parts of the human body.
the two ends on the other side in the other Kreatin {k/r-at'-in). See Crcatin.
hand, the vessel is constricted sufficiently to Kreatinin [kre-at'-in-in). See Creatinin.
occlude it, after which the reef knot is com- Kreolin [kre'-o-lin). See Creolin.
pleted. K., Surgical, a double knot made Kresol {kre'-sol). See Cresol.
by passing the thread twice through the same Kumiss (koo'-Miis) or Kumyss [koo'-inis).
loop. K., Tait's. See A', Staffordshire. See A'ouiniss.
Knuckle [nuk'-l [ME., knokil, a knuckle or
) Kyestein [ki-es'-te-in) [/o'v/fT/f, conception].
joint]. An articulation of the phalanges with A filmy deposit upon decomposing urine,
the metacarpal bones or with each other. once thought to be diagnostic of pregnancy.
Koch's Lymph [after Robert Koch, a Ger- Kymograph {ki'-ino-graf), Kymographion
man bacteriologist]. See Tuberculin. K.'s [ki-Dio-graf -e-on) \_Kvua, wave ypuipEir, to
;
Method of Sterilization, a method of inter- write]. An instrament for reproducing

rupted heating. The culture-media are heated graphically the variations in blood pressure.
for a short time daily for from three to five Kymoscope [ki' -mo-skbp) \jivâ, wave ;
ano-
successive days, usually in the steam sterilizer. ke'lv, to ins[5ect]. A
device used in the ob-
K.'s Rules, rules formulated by Koch that servation and study of the blood-current.
must be complied with before a given micro- Kynurin (ki-nu'-rin) [kvuv, a dog uriua, ;
organism can be accepted as the cause of an urine], C,ÎI,^N.Ô.^. A

crystalline substance
infectious disease I. The microorganism
: obtained from cynurenic acid.
must be present in every case of the disease, Kyphoscoliosis {ki-fo-sko-/e-o' -sis) \_Kv<^0)aic,
and not in cases of other diseases. 2. It must humpbacked; rTKn?juaig, a bending]. Kypho-
be isolated and grown on artificial media. 3. sis combined with scoliosis.
Its cultures when injected into an animal- Kyphosis (ki-/o'-sis) [Krcpuaic, humjvback].
body must produce the disease in question. 4. Hump-back. Angular curvature of the spine,
It must again be found in the body in which the prominence or convexity turned dor.sad.
the disease was thus produced. Kyphotic [ki-fot'-ik] [/cvdKjff/?, hump-back].
Kolpo- {kol'-po-). See Colpo-. Relating to, of the nature of, or affected with,
Kombe (koin' -ba) [African]. An African kyphosis.
KNEE JOINT KNEE-JOINT
33
i^Tsrwi^'
Vertical Section of Kiifc-joiiit. — (Braun .)
I. Synovial membrane. 2. Short head of

biceps. 3. Peroneal nerxe. 4. Long
head of bicep.s. 5. Plantaris. 6. Ex-
ternal semilunar cartilage. 7. Sural
vessels. 8. Popliteal vessels. 9. Ante-
rior crucial ligament with bursa sub-
patcllaris. 10. Ligamentum patellae.
II. Bursa preepatellaris.
Anterior View of the Ligaments of the Knee-joint.

—[Sappey. )
\. Ligamentum patelke fthe lateral patellar liijaments have

been removed). 2. Patella covered by tendinous fibers
derived from the rectus and vasti. 3. Tubercle of tibia.
4. Tendon of rectus with vasti. 5. Ltmg external lateral
ligament. 6, 6. Internal lateral ligament. 7. Bicipital
tuberosity of head of fibula receiving attachment of long
e.xternal lateral ligament. 8. Insertion of sartorius. 9.
Tendon of popliteus. 10. Insertion of gracilis. 11. Ten-
don of acUluctor magnus prolonged into internal lateral
ligament. 12. Insertion of semitendinosus.
24
KNOT KNOT
Clove-hitch Knot. Surgical Knot.
Granny, False, or Double Knot. Reef or Sailor's Knot.
Staffordshire or Tail's Knot. Combined Surgeon's and Reef Knot-

The Principal Surgical Knots.
LACRIMAL
L. The abbreviation of Left, of Lithium, of the period of labor, —

the first begins with
and of Libya, a pound. dilatation of the os, and ends with complete
Labarraque's Solution. See Chlorin. dilatation the second ends with the expul-
;
Labial [ia'-be-al) \_labium, a. lip]. Pertain- sion of the child; the third [placental) con-
ing to the lips. sists in the expulsion of the placenta. L.,
Labile [lab'-il) \_Iabi, to glide]. Gliding to Mechanism of, the mechanism by which a
and tVo applied to an electric current when
: fetus and its apjjendages traverse the birth-
the electrode is moved from place to place canal and are expelled. L. -pains, the pains
over the skin. consequent upon thecontractionsof the uterus
Labio- (I'l'-be-o-) \_labiu»i, lip]. A prefix tluring labor. L., Precipitate, labor in wiiich
meaning pertaining to the lip. the expulsion of the fetus and its appendages
Labiochorea (la-be-o-ko-re'-ah ) \_labhtm, takes place with undue celerity. L., Pro-
li[> jopem, dancing]
;
A choreic alfection
.
tracted, labor prolonged beyond the usual
of the lips, and the stammering that results limit (10-20 hours in primiparae, 2-6 hours
from it. in multipara;).
Labioglossolaryngeal [la
- be -
o -
glos-o-lar- Laboratory [lab' - or a to re) \_laborare, to
- - -
in'-jn-al) \Jabium, lip j'kiMsaa, tongue ;

; work]. A room or place designed for experi-
"hApvy^, larynx]. Pertaining conjointly to mental scientific work.
lips, tongue, and larynx. L. Paralysis. Labyrinth [lab' -ir-inth)[lajivpLvQi>q amaze]. ,
See Paralysis, Bulbar. I. A name given to the series of cavities of
Labioglossopharyngeal [la -be- o-glos-o- the ear comprising the vestibule,

internal
far-in' -je-al) \^labiitm, lip; yAufjaa, tongue; cochlea, and the semicircular canals. 2. The
(papvy^, pharynx]. Pertaining conjointly to parts of the cortex of the kidney between the
lips, tongue, and pharynx. medullary rays. See Kidney.
L., Bony.
Labioplasty [la'-be~o-plas-ty) \_labiu»t, lip ; .See L., L., Membranous, the
Osseous.
Tv'/daaetv, to form]. An operation for re- membranous cavity within the osseous laby-
pairing an injured or diseased lip ;
chilo- rinth, from which it is partly separated by the
plasty. perilymph. L., Osseous, the bony portion
Labium {la'-be-iini) [L.]. A
lip. L. majus, of the internal ear.
or L. pudendi majus, one of two folds of Labyrinthal Labyrinthic
[lab-ir-in'-thal),
skin of the female external genital organs, [lab-ir-in' -thik). Labyrinthine [lab-ir-in'-
arising just below the mons Veneris, sur- tltin) [Tiajivpivdor, amaze]. Pertaining to a
rounding the vulval entrance, and meeting at labyrinth. L., Vertigo. See Meniere's Dis-
the anterior part of the perineum. L. minus, ease.
L. pudendi minus, or nympha, one of two Lac [lak] [L.]. Milk. L. sulphuris, milk
folds of mucous membrane at the inner sur- of sulphur; sulphur pniecipitatum (U.S. P.).
faces of the labia majora. L. tympanicum, Laceration [laser -a'- shun) \Jacerare, to
the portion of the lamina spiralis forming the tear]. A
tear. L. of Perineum, a tearing
lower border of the sulcus spiralis. L. ure- through the wall separating the lower ex-
thrse, the lateral margins of the external tremity of the vagina and rectum, occurring-
urinary meatus. L. vestibulare, the over- occasionally during childbirth.
hanging extremity of the lamina spiralis that Lachrymal [lak'-rim-al). See Lacrimal.
forms tlie upper part of the sulcus spiralis. Lacmus [lak'-mus). See Litmus.
Labor yla'-bor) [L. work]. Parturition the
, ;
Lacrimal [lak'-rim-al) \Jacrima, a tear].
bringing forth of young. L., Artificial, that Pertaining to the tears or to the organs secret-
effected or aided by other means than the ing and conveying the tears. L. Apparatus,
forces of the maternal organism. L., Dry, the lacrimal gland, ducts, canal, sac, and
that in which tliere is a deficiency of the liquor nasal duct. L. Artery, the first branch of the
amnii, or in which there has been a premature ojihthalmic artery, supplying the gland. L.
rupture of the bag of waters. L., Induced, Bone, a bone upon the nasal side of the orbit,
labor brouglit on by artificial means. L., articulating with the frontal, the ethmoid, and
Instrumental, one requiring instrumental superior maxillary bones, in which begin the
means to extract the child. L., Missed, lacrimal groove and nasal duct. L. Canals,
retention of the dead fetus in tttero beyond or Canaliculi, superior and inferior, extend
the period of normal gestation. L., Prema- from the lacrimal puncta to the sac, and
ture, labor taking place before the normal serve to convey the excess of tears from the
period of gestation, but when the fetus is eye to the nose. L. Caruncle. See Car-
viable. L., Stages of, arbitrary divisions uncle. L. Ducts, seven to fourteen ducts,
LACRIMATION LAFAYETTE MIXTURE
extending obliquely from the gland to the for- aromatic, colorless, inflammable fluid, ob-
nix conjunctivie, carrying the tears to the contained in the dry distillation of latic acid.
junctival surface of the eye-ball. L. Fistula, Lactophenin [lak-lo-fc'-ni/i (lac, milk; ipnlviS,
a fistula communicating with a lacrimal duct. pur])le red]. A derivative of phenetidin with
L. Gland, the gland secreting the tears, situ- lactic acid. It is a white powder u.sed as an
ated in a depression of the frontal bone, the anti]iyretic and analgesic. Dose gr. viij-xv.
L. fossa, at the upper and outer angle of the Lactophosphate {lak-to-fos'-fat) \_lac, milk ;
orbit. L. Lake, the inward ]irolongation of phosphate^. A salt composed of a base

the palpebral fissure of the eyelids. L. Pa- united to lactic and phosphoric acid.
pilla. See Papilla. L. Probe, a ptobe for Lactoprotein [lak-lo pro'-tc-i)t) [/«c, milk ;
exploring or dilating the canaliculi and nasal protein\ A proteid said to exist in milk.
duct. L. Puncta, the minute orifices of the Lactose {lak'-tos) S^lac, milk], Cijlh,./);, 4
canaliculi, upon the eyelids near the inner 11,^0. Milk-sugar ;
a sugar found in the milk
canthus. L. Sac, a saccular enlargement of mammals, and at times in the urine of
of the u[iper ]5art of the nasal duct, into nursing women. It forms white, hard, rhom-
which the canaliculi empty. L. Style, a probe bic crystals, soluble in water, and has a
used in stricture of the nasal duct. sweetish taste. Under the name of saccharum
Lacrimation [lak-rim-a'-slin)i) SJacrima, a lactis it is official in U. S. P. Its chiefuse
tear]. An excessive secretion of tears. is as a vehicle.
Lactalbumin iylakt-aF-bu-tnin) [/<7c, milk ;
Lactuca [lik-fii'-kah] [from Arr, milk, on ac-
all>u/iii!i'\.
A
proteid contained in milk it ;
count of the milky juice]. A genus of com-
resembles serum-albumin, and coagulates at a posite flowered herbs; the lettuces. L.
temperature of from 70° to 80° C. sativa, the common garden lettuce. L.
Lactate {lak'-tdt) {lac, milk]. salt of lactic A virosa, is the source of lactucarium.
acid. Lactucarium [lak-tu-ka'-rc-uiii^. Lettuce.
Lactation [la/c-fa^-skuii) [/r/c/r/;^, to suckle]. The concrete milky juice of Lactuca virosa, a
Suckling; the period during which the child plant of the order Compositie. It contains a
isnourished from the breast. substance, lactucin, to which its properties
Lacteal {lak'-te-al) \Jac, milk]. i. Per- are thought to be due, is sedative and ano-
taining to milk. 2. Any one of the lymph- dyne, and has been used in cough and ner-
atics of the small intestine that take up the vous irritability. L., Syrupus. Dosefîj-iij
chyle. (S. 0-12.0). L., Tinct. Dose f^j (4.0).
Lactic {lak'-tik') \Jac, milk]. Pertaining to Lacuna {la-ku' -nah\ S^lacus, a lake]. A
milk or its derivatives. L. Acid, See Acid, hollow space. L. of Bone. See Bone.
Lactic. L., Howship's. I.
Depressions on the
Lactiferous {lak-tif'-er-ui) \Jac, milk ; ferre, surface of bone beneath the periosteum. 2.
to carry]. Conveying or secreting milk. L. Carious excavations in bone filled with gran-
Ducts, the ducts of the mammaiy gland. L. ulation-tissue. L. magna, the largest of
Glands, the mammary glands. the orifices of the glands of Littre, situated
Lactifuge {lak^-tif-ilj) [/<7i-, milk fniârc, io ;
on the upper surface of the fossa navicularis.
drive away] i. Lessening the secretion of L. of Urethra, follicular depressions in tlie
milk. 2. A drug or agent that causes a les- mucous membrane of the urethra, most
sening in the secretion of milk. abundant along the floor, especially in the
Lactigenous {lak-tij' -en-us) \Jac^ milk ; }'f
i'- region of the bulb. Their mouths are di-
vav, to produce]. jMilk-]iroducing. rected forward.

Lactin {lak'-titi) \lac, milk] .
Sugar of milk ;
Lacunar [la-ku'-Jiar) \_l-7cns, lake]. Per-
lactose. taining to the lacuna;. L. Tonsillitis. See
Lactinated [Jak'-tin-a-ted') \lac, milk]. Con- Tonsillitis.
taining sugar of milk. Lacunula {lak-n'-nit-lali) [dim. oi lacitna, a

Lactivorous [lak-ti7i'-or-7is) \_lac, milk ;
I'o- lake]. A small lacuna.
rare, to devour]. Subsisting on milk. Lacus {la^-kus) [L. , lake]. A small cavity.
Lacto- {lak'-to-) {lac, milk]. A prefix de- L. lacrimalis, the space at the inner can-
noting relation to milk. thus of the eye, near the punctum, in which
Lactocele (/(7/(''-/()-.fi^/) \lac, milk; KifXri, tu- the tears collect.
mor]. .See Galactoccle. Lacustrine {la-kiis'-lrin') \Jacus, a lake].
Lactoglobulin (lak-to-glob' -n-lifi\\_lac, milk ; Inhabiting lakes or ponds.
globnli)i\. One of the proteids of col- Lady's Slipper. See Cypripedium.
ostrum. Lsevo- [le'-'i'o-').
For words so commencing
Lactometer {lak
-
toni'- ef-cr) \_lac, milk ; fie-
see Levo-.
r/mi', a measure]. An instrument for deter- Laevulose [ler' -71-lds) . See Lerulose.
mining the s[)ecific gravity of milk. Lafayette Mixture. A mixture employed
Lactone {lak^-/dn)\_/ac, milk], C^qHÔ^. An in gonorrhea. It contains copaiba, cubebs,
LAGOPHTHALMOS LANDRY'S DISEASE
liquor potassse, sweet spirit of niter, and is cochlear or auditory nerve pass. L. fusca,
known also as tlie compound copaiba mix- the pigmentary tissue of the inner layer of the
ture. sclera forming the outer layer of the pericho-
Lagophthalmos {lag-offthaF -nios) [/â}(.V, roidal sinus. L. propria {of the tympanic
hare; eye from the popular no-
(((,>''«/,//d<,-, ; memiirane), the middle or fibrous layer of the
tion that a liare sleeps with open eyes]. A tympanic iiieinljraiu'. L., Reticular, the
condition in which the eyes cannot be closed. hyaline membrane of the inner ear, e.Kteiiding
La Grippe (lah grip)\yx.\ Influenza. between the conjoined head of Corti's rods
Lake-colored (lak'-cnl-crd),ox Laky (Ja'-kc) and the supporting cells. L. spiralis, a thin
[I'r., /di/iie, rose-colored,
from I'ers. /<//{]. plate in the ear, osseous in the inner ]iart and
Applieil to blood that is dark-red and membranous in the <)uter, which divides the
transparent from a solution of the hemoglo- spiral tube of the cochlea into the scala tym-
bin in the serum. pani and the scala vestibuli. L. supracho-
Lallation [/<r/-ii^^s//u>t) \lanare, to babble]. roidea, the delicate connective-tissue mem-
Any unintelligible stammering of speech, such brane uniting the choroid and sclerotic coats
as the [irattling of a babe. of the eye. L., Vitreous, a homogeneous
Laloneurosis {lal-o-nu-ro'-sis) [/IrlAof, prat- membrane covering the inner surface of the
tle; vtvpov, impairment of
nerve]. An choroid ;
it is also called the membrane of
speech arising from spasmodic action of the Bruch.
muscles. It includes stammering and aph- Laminar {lam'-in-ar^ \lamina, a layer].
thongia. Composed of lamina? having the form of a
;
Lalopathy [lal-op'-ath-e) [ai'Jm;, speech; lamina.

TTnOur,, disease]. Any disorder of speech. Laminaria [lam-in a'-re-ali) [lamina, a thin
Lambda [iiun'-da/i) [/d/z/îSa, the Greek let- plate]. A
genus of algie, or seaweeds.
I.
ter A or a]. The angle of junction of the 2. The stems of L. cloustoni, or L. digitata.
sagittal and lambdoid sutures. L. Tent, a tent made of the stem of the
Lambdacism [/am'-das-izin) [^?in/j.6aKC(j/j.6g,
laminaria plant, for dilatation of the cervix
lambdacism]. I. Difficulty in uttering the uteri and other canals.
sound of the letter/. 2. Too frequent use Laminated [lam'-in-a-ied). See La?ninar.
of the / sound, or its substitution for the r Lamination [lam -in -a'- shun) \Jamina, z.
sound. layer]. I.
Arrangement in plates or layers.
Lambdoid, or Lambdoidal {lani'-doid, or 2. Anoperation in embryotomy, consisting
/a Ill-dot' -dal) [Ad^/j(5n, the letter A; eldof, in cutting the skull in slices.
reseml)lance]. Resembling the Greek let- Laminectomy {lani-in-ek' -to-me^ \Jamina, a

ter A. L. Suture, the suture between the layer; excision].
kKToiiij, The operation of
occipital and the two parietal bones. removing the posterior vertebral arches.
Lamella (Jam-eF-ah) [dim. of lamina, a Lamp-black [Aa/Z7rdf, a lamp]. fine black A
plate]. A
thin scale or plate. L. of Bone, substance, almost pure carbon, made by burn-
the concentric rings surrounding the Haver- ing coal-oils in an atmosphere deficient in
sian canals. L., Concentric, one of the oxygen, or by allowing a gas-flame to impinge
plates of bone surrounding the Haversian on a cold surface.
canal. L., Intermediate, one of the plates Lancet [lan'-set) [dim. of lancea, a lance].
filling the spaces between the concentric lay- A knife having a double-edged, lance-shaped
ers of bone. L., Periosteal, or Peripheral, blade for incising tumors, abscesses, etc. L..
a suijerlicial lamella of bone lying under the Gum, a small which the cutting
lancet in
periosteum. portion has a convex edge and is at right-

Lamellar (lam-el' -ar') [/^;«c//c?, a thin plate]. angles to the shaft it is used for
; cutting the
Having the nature of or resembling a thin gums. L., Spring, one in which the iilade
plate composed of lamella: or thin plates.
; is thrust out by means of a spring, controlled
L. Cataract. See Cataract. by a trigger. L., Thumb, one with a double-
Lamina [laiit'-in-ah) [L., a plate or scale]. edged, broad blade.
A thin plate or layer. L. cinerea, the con- Lancinating (Jan' -sin a-ting) \lancinarc, to
necting layer of gray matter between the cor- tear]. Tearing; shooting. L. Pains, rend-
pus callosum and the optic chiasma. L., ing, tearing, or sharply-cutting pains, com-
Cribriform, the cribriform plate of the eth- mon in posterior spinal sclerosis.
moid. L. cribrosa ((i/MfV/zoro/,/), that ]ior- Lancisi, Nerves of. Striiv longitudinales.
tion of tlie choroid which is perforated for the The slight ridges of the corpus collosum on
passage of the optic nerve. L. cribrosa. I. either side of the raphe.
The cribriform fascia covering the saphenous Landry's Disease or Paralysis. [J.
I>
o|iening. 2. The anterior or posterior per- (). Landry, a I''rench Acute

jiliysician].
forated sjiace of the brain. 3. The perforated ascending paralysis ;
a form of ]iaralysis
plates of bone through which brandies of the characterized by loss of motor power in
LAND-SCURVY LARDACEIN
the lower extremities, gradually extending to [lap ar o-his-ter-ot'-o-
- -
Laparohysterotomy
the upper extremities, and to the centers of me) [/(;-<(/.)«, loin; varipo, uterus; rop/'/, a
circulation and respiration without sensory cutting]. The operation of cutting into the
manifestations, trophic changes, etc. uterus through an abdominal incision, as for
Land-scurvy. Pur])ura ha;niorrhagica. the purpose of removing a fetus.
Lanolin {Ian' -o-lin') \^lana, wool; oleum, oil]. Laparoileotomy [lap - ar - o-il - e - of- o-me)
The Adeps lanre hydrosus (U. vS. P., R. P.). [^/MTrdpa, loin ileum ; rojii], a cutting]. The
;
A cholesterin-fat obtained from sheep's wool, operation of cutting into the ileum through
and used as a basis for ointments. an abdominal incision.
Lantanin {lan'-tati-ifi) \lenlaie, to bend]. Laparonephrectomy [lap
-
ar- o-nef-rek'- to-
An alkaloid from Lautann braziliensis. It me) [/aTTO/ja, loin ; vtCjipdq, kidney ; iKTour/,
is a wliite bitter powder, used as an antipy- a cutting out]. Nephrectomy by an abdom-
retic instead of quinin in intermittent fever. inal incision.
Dose xv-xxx [lap ar a sal pin-
- - - -
gr. daily. Laparosalpingectomy
Lanugo (Jan-u' -go) \_ld7ta, wool]. The down- gek'-to-iiie) loin; cakirvy^, tube;
\ît\a-dpa,
like hair that appears upon the fetus at about EKTopi], a cutting out]. Removal of a Fal-
the fifth month of gestation also the downy ; lopian tube through an abdominal incision.
growtli often seen upon the face of women ar -
-
Laparosplenectomy [lap o-splen-ek' -to-
and girls. me) \ja—dpa, loin; arz'/.ijv, spleen; inTopi],
Laparo- {lap'-ar-o-') \7iaT:apa, loin].
A prefix a cutting out]. Removal of the spleen
denoting pertaining to the abdomen, properly, through an abdominal incision.
referring to the loin or flank. See Celiotoniy. Laparotomist [lap ar- ot'- o-mist) [ÔTrdpa,
-
Laparocolotomy [lap - ar - o - ko lot'- o me)

- -
loin; a cutting].
ro/z/y,
A surgeon who per-
[/la7r(i/j«, loin; K6'kov, colon; Toiii], a cut- forms laparotomies.
ting]. Inguinal or abdominal colotomy. Laparotomy [lap-ar-of -o-me) [/oTrnpo, loin ;
I. An incision
ropii, a cutting].
-
LaparQCystectomy [lap ar-o-sis-tek' -to-fne) through
[/•ittTTopa, /crarif, cyst, bladder ; EKTony,
loin ;
the abdominal wall ; celiotomy is the prefer-
excision]. An operation performed in ad- able term. 2. The operation of cutting into
vanced extrauterine pregnancy for removal the abdominal cavity through the loin or
of the fetus and the entire gestation-sac. flank.
Laparocystotomy [lap
-
ar -
o -sis - tot'
-o-vie) Lapis [la'pis) [I-]. A stone; an alchemic
\\a~apa, loin; Kvanq, cyst, bladder ; touii, a term applied to any nonvolatile substance.
cutting], I. Suprapubic cystotomy. 2. An L. divinus, aluminated copper. L. impe-
operation in advanced extrauterine preg- rialis, silver nitrate. L. lazuli, a beautiful
nancy for the removal of the fetus, the sac blue stone of complex composition, formerly
being allowed to remain. employed as a purgative and emetic, and in
Laparoelytrotomy {lap ar-o-el-it-rot^ -o-tne) epilepsy. L. lunaris, silver nitrate. L.
[/MTrdpa, loin e/ivrpov, sheath ; to/it/, a cut-
; mitigatus, diluted silver nitrate.
ting]. An operation consisting in an incision Lappa [lap' -all) [L.]. Burdock. The root
over Poupart's ligament, dissecting u]i thi; of the common burdock, Arctium lappa, con-
peritoneum until the vagina is reached, in- taining a bitter principle, a resin, and tannin.
cising the latter transversely, dilating the It is aperient, diuretic, and alterative, and has
cervix, and extracting the child through the been employed in gout, scorbutus, syphilis,
OS uteri. and in various skin-diseases. The dose of
Laparoenterotomy [lap-ar-o-en-ter-ot'-o-me) the root is ,"j-ii (4.0-8.0) ;
in infusion or
Âajrapa, loin h'Tepov, intestine ; tout;, a

; tincture n\^x-'f;^j (0.65-4.0). L., Ext., Fid.
cutting] . An opening of the intestine through Dose TTLxxx-fgj (2.0-4.0).
an abdominal incision. Larch. See Larix.
Laparogastrotomy [lap-ar- o-gas-trot'-o-nii) Lard \larda, lard]. The fat of the interior
[/a-fiprt, loin ; yaoTi/p, stomach ; ro//?/, a of the abdominal cavity of the hog, consti-
cutting]. The opening of the stomach tuting Adeps, of U. S. P. Lard is much used
through an abdominal incision. in ])hannacy as a basis for ointments. See
Laparohysterectomy [lap-ar-o-his-ter-ek' -to- Adeps.
me) loin; varipa, womb; rofi-^, a
\_A.aiiapa,
Lardacein [lar-da' -se-iu) \larda, lard] .
Amy-
cutting]. The removal of the uterus through loid sulistance, formed in amyloid degener-
an incision in the abdominal walls. ation of various organs, particularly the liver,
Laparohysterooophorectomy {la/>'- ar-o- kidney, and spleen. It is a proteid, but in-
liis'-ter-o-o-off'-oi'-ek'-to-Die) [/rt~a/ia, loin ;

soluble in the ordinary solvents, is not acted
varipa, womb ; i^6v, egg ;
to
(pt:psiv, bear ; upon by the gastric juice, does not readily
EKTo/iT/, Removal of the uterus
a cutting out]. undergo putrefaction, and gives a mahogany-
and ovaries through an incision in the ab- brown color with iodin, and a blue color with
dominal wall. iodin and sulphuric acid.
LARDACEOUS LARYNGOFYPHOID
Lardaceous [lar da^ se us) \_litrdii, lard].
- - -
Pertaining conjointly to the larynx and
Amyloid. L. Kidney. ':iee.Brighfs Disease-. pharynx.
Larix {la'-riks) [L.]. Larch. A genus of Laryngopharynx [lar-in- go-far' -inks) \j(ip-
coniferous, deciduous trees. Laricis Cortex vy^, larynx; (jidpvy^, pharynx]. The infe-
and has It extends from
(B. P.), is astringent and stimulant,
rior [portion of the pharynx.
been used in purpura, hemoptysis, bronchitis, the greater cornua of the hyoid bone to the
and, locally, in skin-diseases. L. Tinct., ,
inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.
(H. P.). Dose n\^xx-xxx 1.

3-2.0).
( Laryngophony {lar-i7i-goff'-o-ne) \j.upvy^,
Larkspur [lark' -spur). The seed of Del- larynx ; voice].
ûvif, The sound of the
voice observed in auscultation of the larynx.
phinium consolida, a diuretic and eramena-
gogue. Dose of the fld. ext., TTLJ-x (0.065— Laryngophthisis [tar-in-go-ti'-zis, iar-in-
o. (15 )
. Unof. goff'-ihis-is) [/''/"'} f. larynx; <p6iaiq, wast-
Laryngeal [lar-in'-je-al) [lapvy^, larynx]. ing]. Laryngeal tuberculosis.
Pertaining to the larynx. L. Crisis, an acute Laryngoplasty iîar-in' -go-plas-tf) [y.dpvy^,
laryngeal spasm, occurring in the course of larynx; 7rXdf7(Ten^, to shape]. Plastic opera-
ta'i)es dorsalis. L. Mirror, a small circular tion upon the larynx.
mirror affixed to a long handle, used in Laryngoplegia {jar-in-go-ple' -je-a/i) [/Jipv}^,
laryngoscopy. larynx iz'/iiyii, stroke].
; Paralysis of one
Laryngectomy (lar-in-jek' -to-mc) [/Idpryf, or more muscles of the larynx.
larynx; tKroiiii, a cutting out]. Extirpation Laryngoscope (^lar-in'-go -skop) [/.c'lpvy^,
of the larynx. larynx; aKorreiv, to examine]. A mirror at-
Laryngismus [/ar-i'ii-jiz^-j/iiis] [/ApvyS, the tached to a long handle for examining the
larynx]. A
spasm of the larynx. L. stridulus, interior of the larynx.
a spasmodic affection of the larynx, charac- Laryngoscopist (^lar-in-gos' -ko-pist) [/d/jy; f,
terized by sudden arrest of respiration, with larynx ; aiMndv, to examine]. An expert in
increasing cyanosis, followed by long, loud, laryngoscopy.
crowing inspirations. It is most common in Laryngoscopy [Jar-in-gos' -ko-pe) \jApvy^,
rachitic children, but may also occur as a larynx cko-uv, to examine]. Examination
;
symptom of laryngeal catarrh. of the interior of the larynx by means of the

Laryngitis {lar-iii-ji'-tis) [/la/jyjf, larynx; laryngoscope.
nic,, inflammation]. Inflammation of the Laryngospasm [lar-iti' -go-spazvi) [Adpujf,
larynx. It maybe acute or chronic, catar- larynx OTzaaiiuq, spasm].

; Spasmodic clos-
rhal, suppurative, croupous (diphtheric) , tu- ure of the glottis.
berculous, or syphilitic. Chronic catarrhal L. Laryngostenosis ( lar-in -go-stcn -o' -sis )
is divided into a hypertrophic and an atro- [/.(';/n'}f, larynx; crrn'wcr/c, contraction]. Con-
phic stage. The symptoms of acute catarrhal traction or stricture of the larynx.
laryngitis, themost common form, are hoarse- Laryngotomy {lar - in - got' - - me) \7Mpvy^,
ness, pain, dryness of the throat, dysphagia, larynx; reuvsiv, to cut]. The operation of
and cough. incising the larynx. L., Complete, incision
Laryngocentesis [lar-in-go-seii-te' -sis) {/np- of the larynx through its whole length. L.,
larynx
i')'.f, /ifvr/;(T/f, puncture].
;
Puncture Median, incision of the larynx through the
of the larynx. thyroid cartilage. L., Subhyoid, incision
Laryngofissure {lar-i7i-go-fish' -ur) \\apvy^, of the larynx through the thyrohyoid mem-
larynx; /J'/'/(/<';r, to cleave] Division of the . brane. L., Superior, and L., Thyrohyoid,
larynx for the removal of tumors or foreign incision of the larynx through the thyrohyoid
jjodies. niembrane.
{/ar in- go tra'- ke al)
- - -
Laryngology {Jar-in-goF -o-je) \\apvyS, la- Laryngotracheal
rynx; Aoyof, science]. The science of the [?dpyyf. larynx Tpaxâ, the windpipe].
;
anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the Pertaining conjointly to the larynx and the
larynx. trachea.
Laryngoparalysis {lar- in -go -par- aF -is-is) Laryngotracheitis [lar-in -go-/ra- ke-i' -tis)
{/npi'Y^, larynx TiapiiAvaiQ, palsy].
; Paraly- [/d/)i'}^,larynx; Tpaxsin, windwipe; iriq,
sis of the lai^ngeal muscles. inflammation]. Inflammation of the larynx
Laryngopathy {lar-in-gop'-afh-e) [TÂpvy^, and the trachea.
larynx; irdOog, a suffering]. Any disease of Laryngotracheotomy {lar-in-go-tra-ke-of
-
the- larynx. rpax^n, windpipe

o-nte) [>d/)i'}\f, larynx ; ;
Laryngophantom [lar-in-go-fan' -turn') [/,«- Toitij, cutting]. That form of tracheotomy

/>i.i;5, larynx; (pdrraaiia, an apjiarition]. An in which the cricoid cartilage and one or
artificial larynx designed for illustrative pur- more of the upper rings of the trachea are
])Oses. divided.
Laryngopharyngeal {/ar- in -go-far -in'-jr- Laryngotyphoid [lar-in-go-fi'-foid), Lar-
al) [?''/"'}•?) larynx; ipupvy^, pharynx]. yngotyphus [lar in -go ti'-fns) [/Mpvy^,
- -
LARYNX LAVENDER
Lateroabdominal [lat-er- o ab-dom' -in-al')
-
larynx ; Tvipog,stupor]. Typhoid fever as-
sociated with marked hiryngeal compHcations. \Jatus, side ; ahdowiiialis, pertaining to the
Larynx [hir'-inks) [>i.r//ji'}i^, larynx].
The abdomen]. Pertaining l>oth to the side and
the voice situated between the the abdomen. L. Posture, Sims' posture.
organ of
trachea and the base of the tongue. It con- Lateroflexion [lat cr o -Jlck'- s/mu) [^/atus,
- -
sists of a series of cartilages, the thyroid, the side Jlcrtcre, io bend].

;
Flexion or bending
cricoid, and the epiglottis, and three pairs of
to one side.
cartilages, the arytenoids, and those of San- Lateropulsion [lat-er-o-pid' -slniii) \Jatiis,
torini and Wrisberg, which are lined by mu- side pellere, to drive].
;
An involuntary mo-
cous membrane, and are moved by the mus- tion to one side.
cles of the larynx. The mucous membrane Lateroversion (Jat
- er - o -
rêi-' -
shini) \Jatiis,
is, on each side, thrown
into two transverse side; vertere, to turn]. A turning to one
folds that constitute the vocal bands, the upper side, as L. of the uterus.
-
the false, the lower the true vocal band.
-
Lathyrism (lath' ir izni) \7a()vpic, pulse].
being
theapproximation or separation of the an aft'ection produced by the use
By Lupinosis ;
vocal bands the changes in the pitch of the of meal from varieties of vetches, chiefly the
voice are produced. The space between the Lathyrus sativus and L. cicera. It is a form
vocal bands is termed the glottis. of spastic paraplegia with tremor, involving
Lash [O. L. G. Liskt',s. flap]. An eye-lash.
, chiefly the legs.
Lata,or Latah [la'-tak) [Jav.]. An hysteric Latissimus (lat-is'-ini-tis) [superl. of latits,
neurosis prevalent in Java, and nearly identical wide]. Anadjective signifying widest. L.
with the disorder of the jumpers in Maine and colli. See Muscles [Platysiini !//yo?des).
Canada, and with the myriachit of Siberia. Table of. L. dorsi. See Muscles, Table of.
Latent [la' -tent) [/aten-, to be hid]. Con- Laudable {law'-da-bl)\_laus,Y'^&\se']. Praise-
cealed not manifest
; potential.
;
L. Heat, worthy. L. Pus. See Fus.
that which ajjparently disappears when a Laudanin [lod'-an-i)i)\_laudamim'\. C.^^H^j-
liquid is vaporized or a solid melted. L. NO^. One of the alkaloids of opium.
Period. I. The time required for the incu- Laudanum {lod'-a?t-u»i) [Pers. , ladan, the
bation of a disease. 2. In physiology, the gum-herb lada]. See Ophmt.
Tinctura opii.
time intervening between the application of L., Sydenham's, Vinum opii. See Opium.
a stimulus and the appearance of the result- Laughing, or Laughter [lahf- ing, lahf-
ing phenomenon. ter) [AS., hlehhan,
to laugh]. A succession
Laterad (lat'-er-ad) \_latiis, the side; ad, of rhythmic, spasmodic expirations with open
toward]. Toward the lateral aspect. glottis and vibration of the vocal bands,
and
Lateral \latus, the side].
(lat'-er-al) At, indicating mirth. L.-gas, nitrous oxid, or
belonging or pertaining to the side ; situ-
to, protoxid of nitrogen. See Nitrous Oxid
ated on either side of tlie median vertical and Anesthetics.
L. Column, that column of the Laurel {lor' - el) [^laurus']. See Cherry-
plane.
spinal cord between the anterior and poste- huirel, Laurus L. -water, aqua laurocerasi.
rior horns. L. Operation, that form of See Clierry-latcrel.
lithotomy in which the opening is made on Laurocerasus [lor- o- set-' -as-us) \_lau?-us,
the right or left side of the perineum. L. laurel; cerasus, cherry-tree]. See C/terry-
Sclerosis, Amyotrophic, a disease of the laurel.
lateral columns and anterior gray matter of Laurus (lor' -us) [L.]. A tree of the I-au.
the cord. It is characterized by motor weak- racere. L. nobilis, the noble laurel, is in-
ness and a spastic condition of the limbs, as- digenous in the south of Europe. Its fra-
sociated with atrophy of the muscles and grant oils (one essential, from the leaves, and
final involvement of the nuclei in the medulla the other fixed, from the berries) are chiefly
oblongata. L. Sclerosis, Primary, a used in liniments. Unof.
sclerotic disease of the crossed pyramidal Lavage (lav-ahzJi') [Fr.].
The irrigation or
tracts of the cord characterized by paralysis washing out of an organ, such as the stomach,
of the limbs, with rigidity, increased tendon- the bowel, etc. ^
reflexes, and absence of sensory and nutritive Lavation (lav-a'-s/iun) [^laz'are, to wash].
disorders. A peculiar characteristic jerking Lavage.
gait produced, and clonus of the lower limbs
is Lavender [lav'-en-der') \lavare, to wash].
may be readily excited. L. Sinuses, the The flowers of Lavandula vera, a plant of
two veins of the dura mater situated in the the order l>abiatDe. The active principle
attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli. is a volatile oil (Oleum lavandulae flor-
L. Ventricles. See I'entricle. um), which is used in the preparation of
Latericious, Lateritious [lat-er-ish'-ns) Spiritus lavandulae. Dose TTLxxx-fgj
[A/A'r, brick]. Resembling brick-dust, as the (2.0-4.0). Tinct. lavandulae comp., for-
L. sediment of the urine. merly termed compound spirit of lavender.
LARYNX LARYNX
Z/ig.
crir
Posterior \ie\v of the Larynx, with the Larynx, Front View, with the Ligaments and Insertion
Muscles Removed. — (Holderi.) of Muscles. — [Holden.)
W. Epiglottis cushion. L. ar.-ep. Ary- O. h. Os hyoides. C. th. Thyroid cartilage. Corp. hit.
teno-epiglottic fold or ligament, il/. m. Corpus triticeum. C. c. Cricoid cartilage. C. tr.Tra-
Membrana mucosa. C. /f. Cartilage of cheal cartilage. Lig. thyr.-hyoid med. Middle thyro-
Wrisberg, or cuneiform cartilage. C. S. hyoid ligament. Lig. th.-h. lat. Lateral thyrohyoid
Cartilage of Santoriui, or cornicula ligament. Lig. eric. -thyr. inrd. Middle cricothyroid
laryngis. C. aryl. Arytenoid cartilage. ligament. Lig. cric.-trach. Cricotracheal ligament.
C. c. Cricoid cartilage. P. m. Mus- AL st.-h. Sternohyoideus muscle. M. th.-hyoid. Thyro-
cular process or external angle. L. ct .- hyoideus muscle, .l/. st.-tk. Sternothyroideus muscle.
ar. Crico-arytenoid ligament. C. s. M. cr.-th. Cricothyroideus muscle.
Superior cornu. C. i. Inferior cornu
of the thyroid cartilage. L. ce.-cr. p.
i. Posterior inferior ceratocricoid liga-
ment. C. tr. Tracheal cartilage. P.
m. tr. Membranous portion of the tra-
chea.
LAVERAN'S CORPUSCLES LEAD
Dose Both are stim-
TTLxxx-f^^^j (2.0-4.0).
do so in proportions that are simple mul-
ulant and carminative, and are used as ve- tiples of one another or of one common pro-
hicles. portion. L., Ohm's, the current-strength
Laveran's Corpuscles, or Plasmodia. See varies directly as the electromotive force, and
Plasmodium. inversely as the resistance. L., Profeta's,
Law ijaui) [AS., lagu, a law].general A a child born of syphilitic parents, though
rule a constant mode of action of forces, or
; apparently free from syphilis, cannot be
phenomena. A rule of action prescribed by infected. L. of Reciprocal Proportions,
autliority. L. of Avogadro, equal volumes two elements combining with a third do so
of all gases and vapors, at like temperature in proportions that are simple multiples or
and like pressure, contain an equal number simple fractions of those in which they com-
of molecules. L., Behring's, the blood and bine with each other. L. of Refraction,
blood- serum of an indiviilual which lias been rays of light entering a denser medium are de-
artilicially rendered immune against a certain flected toward a perpendicular drawn through
infectious disease, may be transferred into the point of incidence, and those entering
another individual with the effect of rendering a rarer medium are deflected away from
the latter also immune. L., BerthoUet's, the same perpendicular. L., Weber's, the
when two salts in solution can by double de- variation of stimulus that causes the smallest
composition produce a salt less soluble than appreciable variation in sensation maintains,
either,this salt will be produced. L., Boyle's, approximately, a fixed ratio to the total stim-
at any given temperature the volume of a given ulus.
mass of gas varies inversely as the pressure Laxative (^/aks^-a-tiv) \_/axa>-e, to loosen]. I.
that it bears. This is also called Mariotte' s Aperient mildly cathartic.
; 2. An agent
Laio. L., Charles's, equal increments of that loosens the bowels a mild purgative.
;
temperature add equal amounts to the pro- Laxator [/ais-a'-lor)\_/axa>-e, to loosen']. That
duct of the volume and pressure of a given which loosens or relaxes. A name applied
mass of gas. The increase is 2 = of its vol- to various muscles. L. tympani. See
ume measured at — 273° C, which
the
3^
is Mu'\cles, Table of.

zero of absolute temperature. L., Colics', a Layer {la'-er) \_lecgan, to cause to lie down].
child born of a mother who is without ob- A mass of
uniform, or nearly uniform,
vious venereal symptoms, and which, with- thickness, spread over a consideralile area.
out being exposed to any infection subse- L., Bacillar [of the retina), the layer of
quent to its birth, presents symptoms of rods and cones of the retina. L., Gangli-
syphilis when a few weeks old, will not infect onic, a layer of angular cells of the cerebral
its mother. L., Dalton's, or L., Dalton- cortex, best developed in the motor area.
Henry's, although the volume of a gas ab- L., Horny [of the epidertni^)^ the superficial
sorbed by a liquid remains constant, the layer of the skin. L., Osteogenetic, the
weight (volume multiplied by the density) of lower layer of periosteum, connected with
the absorbed gas rises and falls in proportion the formation of bone. L. of Rods and
to its pressure. L. of Definite Proportions, Cones. See Z., Bacillar.
when two more chemic substances unite
or Layman [la'-man) [faog, the people]. A
to form a compound, they do so in a fixed member of the laity a person not a physician,
;
and constant proportion. L., Fechner's, or not professionally educated.

with increase of the stimulus the sensation Lazaretto [laz-ar-et'-o) [Ital., a pest-house,
increases only as the logarithm of the stimu- from lazar, a leper]. A
quai-antine estab-
lus. L., Gay-Lussac's. See Z., Charles's. lishment; a pest-house. Also, a place for
L., Graham's, the rate of diffusion of gases fumigation and disinfection.
through porous membranes is in inverse ratio Lead [led) [AS., lead, lead]. See Phimbitm.
to thesquare-root of their density. L., L., Black, grajihite. L. -colic. .See Colic.
Henry's. See L., DaUon's. L., Hilton's, L. -encephalopathy, the cerebral manifesta-
a nerve-trunk supplying a given joint also 'tions of chronic lead-poisoning. They con-
supplies the muscles moving that joint and sistof epilepsy, acute delirium, and halluci-
the skin over the insertion of those mus- nations, and may terminate in insanity. L.-
cles. L., Listing's, pertains to the move- line, blue line the line of discoloration on
;
ments of the eye-ball when moved from the

; the gums in cases of chronic lead-poisoning.
position of rest, the angle of rotation in the L.-pipe Contraction, the condition of the
second position is the same as if the eye were limbs in the cataleptic state, in which they
turned about a fixed axis perpendicular to the maintain any position that is given them.
first and second
positions of the visual line. L. -poisoning, plumliism; saturnism, a —
L., Mariotte's. See L., Boyle's. L. of form of poisoning due to the introduction of
Multiple Proportions, two substances unit- lead into the system. The symptoms are dis-
ing to form a series of chemic compounds turbed nutrition, anemia, a blue line on the
LEADER LEONTODIN
glims, lead -colic, constipation, pains
in the phuric acid. It is used in lead manufactories
limbs, local muscular paralysis (wrist-drop) to picvent lead-poisoning.
and wasting, saturnine encephalopathy, etc. Lens [lenz] [I.. a lentil]. I.
,
piece of glass A
Leader [le'-dc'r) [AS., lad, a way or path]. or crystal for the refraction of rays of light.
A sinew or tendon. 2. The crystalline lens of the eye. L.,
Leathery {Icth'-er-e) [AS., A-SdV-, leather]. Achromatic. See Achromatic. L., Apo-
Resembling leather, as L. arteries, arteries chromatic. See Apochroniatic. L., Bicon-
tliickened and feeling like cords of leather. cave (^negative or minus ( ) lens), a thick- —
Lecithin gyles' -ith-in) [Af/<;ft;f, yolk of egg], edged lens having concave spheric surfaces
C44HyoNP09. A complex nitrogencis fatty upon its opposite sides it is used in spectacles
;
substance occurring widely spread throughout to correct myopia. L., Biconvex (positive
the animal body. It is found in the blood, or plus (-j") lens), a thin-edged lens it has ;
bile, serous fluids, brain, nerves, yolk of egg, two convex surl'aces, and
used to correct is
semen, pus, and white blood-corpuscles. It hyperopia. L., Bifocal. See Bifocal. L.,
is a colorless, slightly crystalline substance, Convergent or Converging, a double con-
soluble in alcohol, and chemically is looked vex or planoconvex lens that focuses rays of
upon as the glycerophosphate of neurin in light. L., Convexoconcave, a lens having
which two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by a convex and a concave surface, which would
two atoms of stearic, palmitic, or oleic acid. not meet if continued. Its properties are
Leech [lecIC) [AS., locce, physician]. A blood- those of a convex lens of the same focal dis-
sucking worm, the Sanguisuga, or Hirudo tance. L., Crystalline, the lens of the eye,
niedicinalis, found in Europe Hirudo de- ;
situated immediately behind the iris. L.,
cora, the American leech. Leeches are used Cylindric (either minus or plus), one with a
for the local abstraction of blood. A Euro- plane surface in one axis and a concave or
pean leech draws from f5ss-j (16.0-32.0) of convex surface in the axis at right angles to
blood. L., Artificial, an apparatus for cup- the first. L., Dispersing, a concave lens.
ping. L., Periscopic, one with concavoconvex or
Lees {lez) [Fr., he, dregs]. The dregs of convexoconcave surfaces, the opposite sides
vinous liquors. being of different curvatures such lenses ;
Leg The lower

extremity,
leg]. are called meniscus lenses. L., Spheric, one
[Icel. , Icggi-,
especially that part from the knee to the
the curved surface of which, either concave
ankle. L.. Barbadoes, elephantiasis of the or convex, is a segment of a sphere.
leg. L., Black. See Anthrax, Syinptoinatic, Lenticonus {len-tik-o'-nus) \lens, a lens;
and Black-leg. L., Bow-, a curving out- conns, a cone]. A
rare, usually congenital,
ward of the legs. L., Milk-, phlegmasia anomaly of the lens in which there is a coni-
alba dolens. cal prominence upon its anterior or, more
Legitimacy (le-jit' -im-as-e) \lcgiti)niis,

law- rarely, upon its posterior, surface.
I. The condition of being within the Lenticular {Jen-tik'-u-lar) \_L'nticula, a
ful].
bounds of the law. 2. The state of a child I. Pertaining to, or resembling, a
lentil].
born within wedlock, or within a period of lens. 2. Pertaining to the crystalline lens.
time necessary to gestation, which may elapse 3. Pertaining to the lenticular nucleus of the
after the death of the father. brain. L. Nucleus, a mass of gray matter,
Legumin {leg-u'-miti) \legumeti, pulse]. A the extraventricular portion of the corpus
proteid found in the seeds of many plants be- striatum, situated to the outer side of the
longing to the natural order of LeguminosK. internal capsule of the brain.
iêiodermia [li - o - der^ -me- ah). See IJo- Lenticulostriate {len-tik-u-lo-stri' -at) \_len-
dcnuia. //(7//rt, a lentil ;
Pertain-
.y/r /<?///.?,
striated].
Leiomyoma See Lio- ing to the lenticular nucleus of the corpus
{li-o-?ni-o'-mali).
iiivoina .
striatum, as L. artery.
Letter's Coil, or Tubes. Tubes of soft, Lentigo {len-ii'-go) [L.,a lentil shaped spot:
flexible metal designed for application about //., Lentigines\. A freckle; a circumscribed
any jiart of the body. Cold water is passed patch of pigment, small in size, occurring
through the tubes, thereby reducing the tem- mainly on face and hands, and due to expo-
perature of the parts encased. sure to the sun. L. aestiva, sunnner freckles.
Lembert's Suture. See Suture. Leontiasis [Ic-on-ti^-as-is) [Âiwv, a lion]. A
Lemniscus lion-like appearance of the face seen in lep-
{It'iii-nis^-kus) [Af/^v/ffKOf, Idlet].
See Fillet. rosy, ele[ihantiasis, and L. ossea. L.
Lemon {leni' -on). See Li/no. ossea, L. ossium, an overgrowth of the
L,emona.de {1,'m- on -a, l^) [Union, lemon]. An bones of the face through which the features
acitlulous, refrigerant think made from the acquire a lion-like appearance.
juice of lemon. L., Sulphuric Acid, a Leontodin (le-on' -to-di)i) [/IttJi',
a lion ;
solution of sugar in water containing tul oi5ui!ir,a tooth]. The precipitate from a tine-
LEONTODON LEUKOCYTIC
ture of the root of dandelion, Leontodon functions of the part wherein it Is situated.
taraxacum; it is a tonic, diuretic, and aperient, L., Peripheral, a lesion of the nerve-trunks
and an hepatic stimulant. Dose 2-4 grains or of their terminations. L., Primary, of
(0.13-0.26). Unof. the Skin, the change in the skin occurring
Leontodon {le-on'-to-don'). See Taraxacum. in the developing stage of a skin-disease.
Leper (lep'-er) [Ae7rp(5f, scaly]. One affected L., Secondary, i. In the skin, the
change
with leprosy. occurring in the primary lesion, due to irri-
Lepra (A;^''-/-a/i )[Aejrpa, leprosy], i.
Lep- tation or other causes. It comprises erosions,
rosy. 2. A form of psoriasis. L. anses- ulcers, rhagades, squamre, cicatrices or scars,

thetica. See Leprosy. L. maculosa, the crusts, and pigmentation. 2. One of the
stage of true leprosy characterized by the secondary manifestations of syphilis.

presence of pigment-spots. L. mutilans, Lethal [le'
-
thai) pj/ih/, forgetfulncss].
the final stage of true leprosy, in which there Deadly ; pertaining to or producing death.
is a marked loss of tissue. Lethargy {leth'-ar-je) \^/Jfin, forgetfulness].
Leprosy [AfTrpa, leprosy].
{lep'-ro-se) An A condition of drowsiness or stupor that can-
endemic, chronic, infectious disease, due to not be overcome by the will also, a stage ;
the bacillus leproe. Two

forms of leprosy are of hypnotism.
described — a tubercular and an anesthetic Lettuce [let'-iis). See Lactucariiini.
form. The first begins with a well-defined Leucemia (Iti-se'-nie-ah). See Leukemia.
erythema (Macular L.), which is succeeded Leucin [lEvnog, white], CglljgNOj.
{In' -sin)
by the formation of papules, and later of A substance formed during pancreatic diges-
nodules, although in some cases the erythe- tion, and also found in the urine, together
matous stage is followed by a disappearance with tyrosin, in acute yellow atrophy of the
of the pigment without nodulation (Lepra liver. L. crj'stallizes from the urine in the
alba). The nodules eventually break down form of yellowish-brown balls.
and ulcerate. The anesthetic form begins Leuco- {lu'-ko-). For words not found under
with pains and hyperesthesia; a macular erup- this form see Leuko-.
tion appears, but again subsides, leaving Leukemia (Ju - ke'- me - ah) [Aeu/cof white , ;
spots of anesthesia trophic lesions develop

; (.una, blood] A disease of the blood and
.
and lead to the loss of the fingers or toes, the blood-making organs, characterized by
with the production of marked deformity. a permanent increase in the number of white
Leptandra [lep - tan' -drah) [êTrroc, thin; blood-corpuscles and by enlargement of the
o-vijp, male]. Culver's Root. The rhizome spleen, the lymphatic glands, and the marrow
and rootlets of L. virginica, now called Ver- of bone, together or separately. The etiology
onica virginica. Its properties are thought is obscure by some the disease is considered
;
to be due to a glucosid, leptandrin. It is infectious. L., Lymphatic, that form asso-

tonic, laxative, and cholagogue, and is used ciated with enlargement of the lymphatic
in indigestion and chronic constipation . Dose glands. L., Myelogenic, that in which the
of the extract, gr. j-iij (0.065-0.2) ;
of the bone-marrow involved.
L., Splenic, that
is
fid. ext., tTLxx-f^j (1.3-4.0). associated with enlargement of the spleen.

Leptomeningitis {jcp-to-men-in-ji' -tis) [7t-- Leukemic (Ju-kem'-ik, lu-ke'-mik) [^.tvKOQ,
roq, slight ; iifpn-/^, membrane ; iriq, inflam- white; a///a, blood]. Pertaining to leukemia.
mation]. Inflammation pia of the and Leukocyte [lu'-ko-s'it) [Afi'/iof, white ; Kv-oq,
arachnoid of the brain or the spinal cord. cell]. The colorless or white corpuscle of
Leptorhine (lep'-tor-in) [ê/rrw;, thin piq, ;
the blood. Leukocytes have ameboid move-
nose]. Having a slender nose or proboscis. ment and are formed in the lympliadenoid
Leptothrix [lep' -to-tkriks) [AeTrror, thin ;
tissue of the spleen, lymphatic glands, intes-
Gpi^, hair]. A genus of bacteria, the ele- tinal tract, bone-marrow, etc., and probably
ments of which form straight filaments, often also in the lymph and blood. Their average
of great length. See Bacteria, Table of. diameter is .01 mm. (t-Zott inch). In normal
Leptus {hp'-ttis) [^fTTOf, thin]. A genus blood several forms are distinguished lym- :
of beetles. L. autumnalis, harvest-bug ; phocytes, large uninuclear leukocytes, transi-

mower's mite. A parasite that burrows tional forms, and multinuclear cells; according
under the skin, causing lesions similar to to the granules contained in their protoplasm,
those of itch. three varieties are described —
the neutrophile,
Lesion (le'-zhwt) \lcesio ; Icrdere, to hurt]. the eosinophile, and the basophile.
An injury, wound, or morbid structural Leukocythemia (lu-ko-si-the'-me:ak)\}ievK6q,
change. L., Focal, in the nervous system, white; kvtoq, cell; a///ft, blood]. See Leu-
a circumscribed lesion giving rise to distinc- kemia.
tive and localizing symptoms. L., Initial, Leukocytic {lu-ko-sit'-ik) \Xevk6c, white ;
of Syphilis, the chancre. L., Irritative, HvTcni, cell]. Relating to or characterized

in the nervous system, a lesion
exciting the by leukocytes.
LEUKOCYTOGENESIS LEUKOMAIN
Leukocytogenesis (/« ko si-to -Jeti^- es-is)
- -
Leukolin {lu-Ico'-li>i). See Qtdnolin.
white kvto^, cell yevvav, to beget].
[_AtviM(;, ; ; Leukolysis {lu-/col'-is-h) [AtoAor, white ;
The formation of leukocytes. I'voiQ, solution]. Thedestruction of the col-

Leukocytolysis {/u-ko-si-toF-is-is) \7iex'K6c, orless corpuscles of the blood.
white; Kvrog, cell; Xva/i', solution]. The Leukoma (/« ko'- ?nah) [ÂevKujia, white-
-
destruction of leukocytes. ness, from TievKO^, white]. i. An

opacity
Leukocytoma (/u ko of the cornea the result of an ulcer, wound,
- - - -
si to' ntak) [_lt:vK6r,
white; kvtoc, cell; dim, tumor]. tumor- A or inflammation, and presenting an appear-
like mass composed of leukocytes, as the ance of ground glass. 2. The term has
tuljercle, the gumma. been used also for albumin. See Leuko-
Leukocytopenia {lu-ko-si-to-pe' -ne-ah') [/ie?> plakia.
Kof, white ; kvto^, cell ; nevia, poverty]. Dim- Leukomain [lu-ko'-mah-iii) \^?.Ei'KO)/ja, white-
inution of the number of leukocytes in the ness, from Aewor, white]. The name applied to
blood. any one of the nitrogenous bases or alkaloids
Leukocytosis [lu-ko-si-to'-sis)\Âtvi<(i(;, white; normally developed by the metabolic activity
KVToi;, cell]. An
increase in the number of of living organisms, as distinguished from the
colorless blood-corpuscles in the blood. It is alkaloidal bodies developed in dead bodies,
physiologic during digestion and pregnancy ; and called ptomains. From their chemic
pathologic in certain anemias, especially leu- affinities leukomainsmay be divided into two
kemia, in some of the infectious fevers, in groups: the uric-acid group, comi)rising ade-
cachexias, and after hemorrhage. L., Pure, nin, carnin, guanin, heteroxanthin, hyjioxan-
a leukocytosis in which the increase of white thin, paraxanthin, pseudoxanthin, sptrmin,
cells affects the multinuclear form. xanthin and the kreatinin group, in which
;
Leukoderma {/u-ko-i/er'-mi7/i)[?i.evK6(;, while ;

are classed amphikreatinin, crusokreatinin,
(Uf)/ia, skin]. A
condition of defective pig- xanthokreatinin, and others. The appended
mentation of the skin, especially a congenital table is modified from the work of Vaughan
absence of pigment in patches or bands. and Novy.
i
LEUKOMATOUS LICHEN
TABLE OF LEUKOMATNS.— Cb«^/«M<?(/.
Name.
LIGAMENTS LIGAMENTS
Right Knee-joint, Internal Liga-

ments, Anterior View. Ligaments of Right Knee-joint,
I.Lower extremity of femur. 2. Posterior View.
Anterior crucial ligament. 3. I. Posterior ligaments or liga-
Posterior crucial ligament. 4. mentum Winslowii (oblique
Transverse ligament. 5. In- fasciculus). 2. Tendon of
tercondylar fossa. 6. Semilu- semimembranosus muscle. 3.
nar fibrocartilages (internal). Tibia. 4. Bursa. 5. Internal
Semilunar fibrocartilages lateral ligament. 6. Long ex-
Ligaments of Elbow-joint. 7.
(external). 8. Ligamentum ternal lateral ligament.
I. Humerus. 2. Ulna. 3. Short external lateral liga-
7.
Radius. External patellae. 9. Tubercle of tibia.

4. lat- ment.
eral ligament. 5. Orbicu-
10. Capsular ligament. 11. 8. Popliteus muscle,
Interosseous membrane. o. Posterior or internal crucial
lar ligament. 6. "Posterior
ligament.
ligament. 7, 8. Condyles
of humerus. 9. Interos-
seous membrane.
Anterior com-
mon ligament.
2. Anterior cos-
tovertebral or
stellate liga-
ment. 3. Ante-
rior costotrans-
verse ligament.
Ligaments of the Costovertebral Articulations.
a. Anterior common
ligament, b. Ante-
rior occipito-atloid
ligament, c. Ante-
rior common liga-
ment (continua-
tion), d. Anterior
atlo-axial liga-
ment, e. Capsular
ligament. /. Syn- Ligaments of the Shoulder-joint.
ovial membrane. Superior acromioclavicular liga-
g-.Lateral occipito- ment. 2. Coracoclavicular. 3.
atloid ligament. Coraco-acromial. 4. Transverse.
5. Capsular. 6. Coracohumeral.
7. Tendon of long head of biceos.
Ligaments of the Occipito-atloid Joint.
LIGAMENTS LIGAMENTS
M.th.-hijoiil
trath» f" ~7*f Larynx, Front View,

Showing the Liga-
Calcaneoscaphoid ligament. 2. Cal
—Insertionof
mentsand
Muscles. (Holden.)
1.
—
caneocuboid ligament. {Holden.)
O. h. Os hyoides. C. Ih.
Thyroid cart. Corp.
trtt. Corpus tritice-
um, or lesser cornu of
the hyoid bone. C. c.
Cricoid cart. C. t> Tracheal cartilage. Lix- tliyr .-hyoid med.
.
Middle thyrohyoid ligament. I.ig. th.-h. lat. Lateral thyro-

hyoid ligament. Lig. cric.-thy^r. med. Middle cricothyroid
ligament. Lig. cric.-trach. Cricotracheal ligament. iV. st.-h.
Sternohyoid muscle. M. th.-hyoid. Thyrohyoid muscle.
M. st.-th. Sternothyroid muscle. M. cr.-th. Cricothyroid
muscle.
Ligaments of the Sole of the Foot.

—{Holden.)
. Os calcis.
2. Astragalus. 3. Tu-
berosity of the scaphoid. 4. Long
calcaneocuboid ligament. 5. Part of
the short calcaneocuboid ligament.
Ligaments of the Pelvis, Posterior \'iew.
6. Calcaneoscaphoid ligament. 7.
. Articular surface of sacrum for last lumbar vertebra. 2. Plantar tarsal ligament. 8, 8. Ten-
Coccyx. 3, 3. Crest of ilium. 4, 4. Tuberosity of ischium. don of the peroneus longus muscle.
5. 5. Great sacrosciatic foramen. 6. Lesser sacrosciatic 9, 9. Plantar tarsometatarsal liga-
foramen. 7. Great trochanter. 8. S. Posterior sacroiliac ment. 10. Metatarsophalangeal liga-
ligament. 9. Posterior inferior spine of ilium. 10. Supra- ment. II, 11, II. Lateral metatarso-
.spiiious ligament. 11. Obturatr>r membrane. 12. Lesser phalangeal. 12. Transverse. 13.
sacrosciatic foramen. 13, 13, 14. Great .sacrosciatic ligament. Lateral of the phalanges of the great
15. Lesser sacrosciatic ligament. 16. Spine of ischium. toe.
LICORICE LIGAMENT
of L. ruber in which the papules are acumin- Ligament [lig'-ain-enf), Ligamentum (//<»•-
ate. It is usually very acute and is accom- ain-tn' -luni) \_liga>-e, to bind]. A band of
panied by grave constitutional symptoms He.xible, compact connective tissue coimecting
and by
(rigors, pyrexia, sweats, prostration), the articular ends of the bones, and some-
itching. L. pilaris, an inflammatory disease times enveloping them in a capsule. L.,
of the hair-follicles, in which a spinous epi- Acromioclavicular, a ligament covering the
dermic peg occupies the center of the jjajnile. acromioclavicular articulation and e.xtending
L. planus, an inllaniniatory skin-disease, from the clavicle to the acromial process of
with an eruption made up of papules that are the scapula. L., Alar. i. C)ne of the two
broad and angular at the base, flat r.nd ap- folds of synovial membrane on either side of
parently glazed on the summit, slightly um- the mucous ligament of the knee joint. 2.
bilicated, and of a dull purplish-red color. See L., Odontoid. L., Annular {of ankle),
'I'he papules may be discrete or may coalesce, the broad ligament covering the anterior sur-
and itching may be slight or severe. L. face of the ankle-joint. L., Annular (of
ruber, a rare skin-disease, with lesions con- wrist), a strong ligament extending from the
sisting, in the beginning, of discrete, miliary, trapezium to the unciform bone, confining
conical papules, but, as the disease advances, the flexor tendons. L., Arcuate, one of the
becoming aggregated and forming continu- arched ligaments extending from the body of
ous red, inliltrated, and scaly patches. the diaphragm to the last rib, and to the
The whole surface may eventually become transverse ]:)rocessof the first lumbar vertebra.
involved. The nails of the fingers and toes L., Atloaxoid, that joining the atlas and the
become affected, being of a dirty-brown color, axis. L., Atlooccipital, that joining the
rough, flaky, and breaking off short. The atlas and the occiput. L. of Bigelow. See
etiology and pathology are obscure. L. L., Iliofeiiioral. L., Broad {of litems), a
scrofulosus, a form occurring in strumous fold of peritoneum extending laterally from
children. The eruption is situated on the the uterus to the pelvic wall. L., Capsular,
trunk, especially upon the back, either a heavy fibrous structure surrounding an ar-
diffusely or in patches. The papules are ticulation, and lined by synovial membrane.
very small, pale, and surmounted
conical, L., Check. See L. , Odontoid. L., Conoid,
by fine scales they cause no itching, and
; the inner portion of the coracoclavicular
on fading leave a rather persistent yellowish ligament. It is attached to the coracoid pro-
pigmentation. L. tropicus. Prickly heat. cess of the scapula and the conoid tubercle
Licorice [li/c'-or-is') \_y'Aviii<pi)tâ, licorice]. of the clavicle. L., Coracoclavicular, one
See Glycyrrhiza. extending from the coracoid process of the
Lid [AS., JiUd, lid]. See Eyelid. scapula to the clavicle. L., Coronary {of
Lieberkiihn, Crypts of. See Crypt. liver), a peritoneal fold extending from the
Lien {li'-cn) [L.]. The spleen. posterior edge of the liver to the diaphragm.
Lienal [li'-en-a!) \Jien, the spleen]. Relat- L., Costocoracoid, that joining the first rib
ing to the spleen. and the coracoid process of the scapula. L.,
Lienitis {li-en-i'-tis) [lien, spleen ; iti(;, in- Cotyloid, a ring of fibrocartilaginous tissue
flammation]. Splenitis. at the margin of the acetabulum. L.,
Lientery [li'-en-tcr-c') Sî^doc, smooth ; ivTepov, Crucial, Anterior, the smaller crucial liga-
intestine]. A form of diarrhea in which the ment of the knee, extending from the upper
food passes rapidly through the bowels with- surface of the tibia to the inner surface of the
out undergoing digestion. external condyle of the femur. L., Crucial,
Life (/I/) [AS., lif, life], i. The sum of Posterior, one attached below to the back
properties that enables an organism to adapt part of the depression behind the spine of the
itself to
surrounding conditions. 2. The tibia, to the popliteal notch, and to the ex-
characteristicphenomena manifested by liv- ternal semilunar fibrocarlilage, and above to
ing beings. 3. The force or principle under- the inner condyle of the femur. L., Crural.
lying or causing the phenomena jjresented See Z., Poupart' s. L., Flood's, the gleno-
by organized beings. L., Animal, the mani- humeral ligament. L., Gimbernat's, a tri-
festations depending directly on the cerebro- angular expansion of the aponeurosis of the ex-
spinal nervous system and the voluntary mus- ternal obli(jue muscle, connected anteriorly to
cles, as distinguished from L., Vegetative, Poupart'sligament and attached to the iliopec-
that is, the functions of digestion, respiration, tineal line. L., Glenohumeral, a jiortion of
reproduction, etc. L., Change of, that period the coracohumeral ligament, attached to the
in the life of a woman at which menstruation inner and upper portion of the bicipital groove.
ceases; the climacteric period. L., Expec- L., Glenoid (()/',f<7?/i///<?),aring of librocartila-
tation of, the average number of years a ginous tissue attached to the rim of the glen-
jK'rson has to live, as calculated from life- oid fossa. L., Hey's, also called the
tables. femoral ligament a sickle-shaped expansion
;
25
LIGAMENT LIGHT
of the fascia lata. L., Iliofemoral, a strong verse [of hip'joint), one extending across
ligament extending from the anterior inferior the cotyloid notch of the acetabulum. L.,
iliac spine to the lesser trochanter and the in- Transverse [of kneefoint), one extending
tertrochanteric line. L., Interclavicular, from the anterior margin of the external semi-
one joining tlie sternal extremities of tlie lunar fibrocartilage to the anterior extremity
clavicles and the sternum. L., Lateral, of the internal fibrocartilage. L.. Trapezoid,
[oflher), one of the peritoneal folds between the anterior or external portion of the coraco-
the sides of the liver and the inferior surface clavicular ligament, extending from the upper
of the diaphragm. L., Odontoid, any one surface of the coracoid process of the scapula,
of the broad, strong ligaments arising on to the under surface of the clavicle. L.,
either side of the apex of the odontoid pro- Triangular (of the urethra), a tendinous
cess and connecting t'.ie atlas with the skull. band ot triangular shape, attached by its
apex
L. patellae, a strong fibrous structure, ex- to the reflected portion of Pouparl's ligament,
tending from the tubercle of the tibia upward and passing inward beneath the spermatic
to become the tendon of the quadriceps ex- cord and behind the inner pillar of the exter-
tensor muscle ;
it embraces the
patella. L. nal abdominal ring, to join the tendon of the
pectinatum, the spongy tissue at the junc- opposite side. L., Winslow's, the posterior
tion of the cornea and sclera in the sinus ligament of the knee-joint. L., Y-shaped
of the anterior chamber of the eye. It forms [of Bi<rclo7v), the iliofemoral ligament.
- am - en' -
the root of the iris. L., Poupart's, the Ligamentous (lig tus) \Jigare,\.o
ligament extending from the anterior superior bind]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a
spine of the ilium to the spine of the pubis ligament.
and the pectineal line. It is the lower por- Ligation (li-ga'-shnn) \_Hgare, to tie]. The
tion of the aponeurosis of the external oblique operation of tying, especially of tying arteries.
muscle. L., Pterygomaxillary, one joining Ligature [lig' -at-iir)\ligare, to tie]. I. A cord
the apex of the internal pterygoid plate of the or thread used for tying about arteries or other
sphenoid bone and the posterior extremity of parts. 2. Ligation. L., Double, the appli-
the internal oblique line of the lower jasv. cation of two ligatures to a vessel, between
L., Pubic, Inferior, a triangular ligament, which it is divided. L., Elastic, a narrow
extending from the symphysis pubis to band or thread of india-rubber applied tightly
the rami of the pubic bones. L., Rhom- to a part so as to destroy the tissues and
boid, one joining the cartilage of the first rib by compression to lead to separation. It
and the tuberosity of the clavicle. It is a is used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, anal
part of the costoclavicular ligament. L., fistula, and in the removal of pedunculated
Round {of hip). See L. teres. L., Round growths. L., Erichsen's, one consisting of
[of liver), a fibrous cord running from the a double thread, one-half of which is white,
umbilicus to the notch in the anterior border the other half black ; it is used in the liga-
of the liver. It represents the remains of the tion of nrevi. L., Intermittent, a tourniquet
obliterated umbilical vein. L., Round (of applied above a poisoned wound to interrupt
uteruf), a ligament running from the anterior the lilood-current it is occasionally relaxed
;
surface of the cornu of the uterus through to allow of renewal of the circulation. L.,
the inguinal canal to the mons veneris. L., Lateral, partial occlusion of the lumen of a
Sacrosciatic, Great, a ligament extending vessel by a loose ligature. L., Provisional,
from the sacrum, coccyx, and inferior iliac a ligature applied during an operation, with
spine to the tuberosity of the ischium. L., the intention of removing it l:)efbre the com-
Stylohyoid, a fii^rous cord extending from pletion of the ojieration.
the apex of the .styloid process of the tem- Light (///) [AS., leoht, light]. Ethereal
poral bone to the lesser cornu of the hyoid waves of the vibrational frequency that gives
bone. L., Stylomaxillary, a ligament rise to the sensation of vision when the rays
joining the styloid process of the temporal impinge upon the retina. L., Axial, light-
bone and the inferior surface of the posterior rays that are parallel to each other and
margin of the ramus of the inferior maxilla. to the optic axis. L., Central. See L.,
L., Subpubic. See Z., Pubic, Inferior. A.xial. L., Diffused, that reflected sim-
L., Suspensory {of crystalline lens], the ultaneously from an infinite number of
zonule of Zinn. L. teres, a roimded fibrous surfaces, or that which has lieen scattered iiy
cord attached to the center of the articular means of a concave mirror or lens. L., Ob-
surface of the head of the femur, and extend- lique, light falling oliliquely on a surface.
ing to the margin of the cotvloid notch of the L., Reflected, light thrown back from an
acetabulum. L
Transverse (of atlas),
, illuminated object. L., Refracted, light-
one attached to two small tubercles on the rays that have passed through an object and
inner surface of the atlas, and surrounding have been bent from their original course.
the odontoid process of the axis. L., Trans- L. -sense, the faculty by which different
LIGHTERMAN'S BOTTOM LINE
degrees of light or brightness may be distin- which liberates chlorin. L., Milk of, a milky
guished. L., Transmitted, the Ught passing fluid consisting of calcium hydrate suspended
through an object. in water. L., Quick, L., Slaked, common

Lighterman's Bottom. Inflammation of the terms for lime. L. -water, a solution of cal-
bursa over the tuberosity of the ischium, from cium hydrate in water. It is used as an
much sitting. antacid.
Lightning (///^-;//;/^) [AS., /t-J///, light]. A Liminal (//w^-/«-a/) [A<//^/i', threshold]. Per-
luminous atmospheric discharge of electricity. taining to the threshold, especially pertaining
L. Pains, tlie lancinating pains of loco- to the lowest limit of perception.
motor ataxia, coming on and disappearing Limitans, Limiting {lim'-it-anz, lim' it-ing^
with lightning-like rapidity. \_/.ilii/v, threshold]. L. Mem-
Bounding.
Lignum {/ig'-nu!?i) [L.]. Wood. L. bene- brane, External, the thin layer between
dictum, guaiac-wood. L. cedrium, cedar- the outer nuclear layer of the retina and that
wood. L. vitae. See Guaiacnni. of the rods and cones. L. Membrane, In-
Ligusticum [li-gus'-tik-uni)\lîyvaTUi6<;, Ligu- ternal, in the eye, the inner layer of the
rian]. See Lavage. retina.
Lily of the Valley. See Convallaria tna- Limo {li'-mo) [L.]. Lemon. The fruit of
jalis. Citrus limonum, a tree of the order Kuta-
Limb [li'it) [AS., //w,
a limb]. I. One of ceee. The rind (Limonis cortex) yields an
the extremities attached to the sides of the essential oil (Oleum limonis, C,gliig), and
trunk and used for prehension or locomotion. a glucosid, hesperidin (CV^H.^/J,,). The
2. An elongated structure resembling a limb, pulp contains a large amount of citric acid.
as the limbs of the internal capsule. The juice (Limonis succus) is refrigerant
Limbus [/i>n' bus)
[L.]. A border; the and antiscorbutic. Locally it has been used
circumferential edge of any flat organ or in pruritus, sunburn, and as a gargle, in diph-
part. L. corneae, the edge of the cornea theria. L., Oleum. Dose TT^j-v (0.065-
at its junction with the sclerotic coat. L. 0.32). L., Syrupus (B. P.) is used as a
laminae spiralis, the spiral membranous refrigerant and vehicle.
cushion, at the border of the osseous spiral Limosis [liin-o'-sis) [/l<//of, hunger]. I. Un-
lamina of the cochlea. L. luteus See natural appetite. 2. A disease distinguished
Macula lutea. by depraved appetite.
Lime [hiu) [Pers. , limit, a lemon], The Limotherapy {lim-o-ther' -ap-e) \\i}x6^, hun-
fruit of several species of Citrus, as C. li- ger; dtparreia, treatment]. The treatment
metta. L. -juice, the juice of the lime. of disease by partial or total deprivation of
Lime (Jim') [AS.,//w, cement]. Calcium food. It has been used in the treatment of
oxid, CaO (quicklime), calcium hydrate, aneurysm.
Ca(HO). Calcium oxid (quicklime) has a Lincture [link'-tur') \lingere, to lick]. A
great affinity for water and for COj. On medicine to be taken by. licking; an elec-
contact with the former, slaked lime is tuary.
formed, with the evolution of heat. On liv- Line (/?;;) \Jinea, a line]. I Extension of
ing tissues it acts as a caustic. L., Chlorin- dimension having length, but neither breadth
ated, calx chlorata (U. S. P., B. P.), the nor thickness. 2. The y'j part of an inch.
chlorid of lime of commerce. It is not a 3. In anatomy, anything resembling a mathe-
distinctchemic compound its chief constitu-
; matic line in having length without breadth
ent, and the one on which its disinlectant or thickness; a boundary or guide- mark. A
properties depend, is calcium hypochlorite, table of lines is appended.
TABLE OF LINES OR LINE^.

Name.
LINES LINES
TABLE OF LINES OR lA^'EM.—Contitmed.
Name.
LINES LINES
TABLE OF LINES OR LINEAL.— Continued.
Name.
LINES LINES
TABLE OF LINES OR LINE JE.— Continued.
Name. Description.
Oblique {of the tibia). A rough ridge that crosses the posterior surface of the tibia obliquely
downward from the back part of the articular facet for the fibula to the
internal border.
Oblique, external {of the in- A prominent ridge on the external surface of the inferior maxilla just
ferior maxilla). below the mental foramen, from wliich it runs outward, upward, and
backward to the anterior margin of the ramus.
Oblique, internal (of the in- A ridge on the internal surface of the lower jaw, commencing at the
ferior tnaxilla). posterior portion of the sublingual fossa, continuing upward and out-
ward so as to pass just below the last two molar teeth.
Ogston's. The line for the tendon of the adductor magnus, running from the tubercle
of the femur to the intercondyloid notch.
Parasternal. A line midway between the nipple-line and the border of the sternum.
Pectineal. The portion of the iliopectineal line that is formed by the pubic bone.
Primitive. The primitive streak of the embryo.
Profile (of Camper). See /.., Compel-'' s.
Quadrate. An eminence on the femur commencing about the middle of the posterior
intertrochanteric line, and descending vertically for about two inches
along the posterior surface of the shaft.
Respiratory. The line connecting the bases of the upward strokes in a tracing of the pul.se.
Roser's. Same as L., Nilaion's.
Salter's. See L., Incremental.
Scapular. A vertical line downward from the lower angle of the scapula.
Semicircular {Douglas's). The curved lower edge of the internal layer of the aponeurosis of the
internal oblique muscle of the abdomen, where it ceases to cover the
posterior surface of the rectus muscle.
Semilunar {of Spigelius). A curved tendinous condensation of the aponeurosis of the external ob-
lique muscle of the abdomen, running along the outer border of the
rectus abdominis.
Of sight. An imaginary line drawn from the object viewed to the center of the pupil.
Splendens {of Haller). A longitudinal fibrous band extending along the middle line of the ante-
rior surface of the spinal pia mater.
Sternal. The median line of the sternum.
Sternomastoid. A line drawn from a point between the two heads of the sternomastoid
muscle to the mastoid process.
Supraorbital. A line extending horizontally across the forehead immediately above the
root of the external angular process of the frontal bone.
Test {Bryant's line). A line for detecting shortening of the neck of the femur. If two lines are
drawn to meet at right angles, one of them backward from the anterior
superior spinous process of the ilium, and the other upward from the
top of the trochanter major, the latter is the test-line. Its length is to
be compared with the same line on the uninjured side.
Thompson's. A red line of vascular tissue along the margin of the gums frequently
noticeable in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Transverse (of the abdomen). The tendinous intersections in the course of the rectus abdominis muscle.
Trapezoid. The line of attachment of the trapezoid ligairient on the inferior surface
of the outer portion of the clavicle.
Virchow's. The line extending from the root of the nose to the lambda.
Visual. An imaginary line, drawn from a point looked at, through the nodal point
of the eye, to the macula lutea.
LINEA LIQUEUR
Linea [lin'-e-ah) [L. ]. A line. See Line. tea, unof. Dose indefinite. L., Oleum,
Linear [lin'-e-ar) S^linea, a line]. Resem- the fixed oil of flaxseed, a glycerid of lino-
bling or pertaining to a line. leic acid. Dose f_'^ss-ij (l6. 0-64.0). L.,
Ling's System. A method of treatment of Semen, linseed or flaxseed.
disease by gymnastic and other riiythmic Liodermia [li-o-der'-i/ie-a/i) [/.fior, smooth ;
movements of the body, employed by Ling, (i^fj/in, skin]. A condition of abnormal

a Swedish physician kinesitherapy.
;
smoothness and glossiness of the skin.
Lingua {lins;'-wah) [L.]. The tongue. L. Liomyoma [li-o-mi-o' -niah) \l/dnq, smooth;
fraenata, tongue tie. L. geographica, the y-vc, muscle; hjia, tumor]. A tumor com-
geographic tongue. See Tongue. posed of unstriped muscular tissue.
Lingual Per- Lip I. One of the two

[/ijii^'-7oal) tongue].
\^lingiia, [.VS., lippa, lip].
taining to or shaped like the tongue. L. Ar- fleshy folds surrounding the orifice of the
tery. See Arteries, Table of. L. Lobule. mouth. 2. One of the labia majora. See
See Sitbcalcarine Convohition. L. Nerve. Labium.
See iVerves, Table of. Lipacidemia (lip-as-id-e' -nie-aW) [Z/TOf, fat ;
Lingula {^lin'-gu-lah) [dim. of lingua, a acidus, sour; aiiia, blood]. The presence
tongue]. A small lobule between the valve of fatty acids in the blood.
of Vieussens and the central lobule of the Lipaciduria [lip-as-id-ti' -rc-ah) [A/n-of, fat;
cerebellum. It is also called the linguetta acidus, acid urina, urine].
;
The presence
laminosa. L. mandibularis, the prominent, of fatty acids in the urine.
thm scale of bone partly surrounding the Lipaemia [lip-e'-nie-ali). See Lipemia.
inferior dental foramen of the lower jaw. Lipanin (lip' -an-in') [/./-or, fat]. A substi-
L. of Wrisberg, the connecting fibers of the tute for cod-liver oil, consisting of pure olive-
motor and sensory roots of the trifacial nerve. oil and si.x per cent, of oleic acid. The dose
Lingulate {/ing'-gu-ldt) \^lingula,d\xn. o{ lin- is from 2 to 6 tablespoonfuls daily.
gua, tongue]. Tongue shaped. Liparocele {lip'-ar-o-sel) [/liTrnpof, fat;

Linimentum {lin-im-en^-tuin) \_linere, to liifh], tumor].
a. A fatty tumor or cyst; a
smear]. .\ liquid intended for application to hernia containing fatty tissue.
the skin by gentle friction. The following Lipemia {lip- e'- me -ah) [/l(7rof, fat; aijia,
are official in the U. S. P. L. ammonia;, or :
blood]. The presence of an emulsion of
volatile liniment, L. belladonnce, L. calcis, or fine oil-globules in the blood, a condition
carron-oil, L. camphonis, or camphorated sometimes noted in diabetes.
oil, L. chloroformi, L. saponis, L. saponis Lipoma [lip-o'-mah) [A/Vof, fat; oîa, a
mollis, or tinctura saponis viridis, L. sinapis tumor]. A fatty tumor.
compositum, L. terebinthinoe. L., St. Lipomatosis [lip-o-mat-o'-sis) [a/ttoc, fat;
John Long's, linimentum terebinthinte 6/«j, tumor]. A general deposition of fat;
aceticuni (B. P.). obesity.
Linolein \lin-o' -le-in^ \_linum, flax ; oleum, Lipomatous [lip-o' -mat-US') [/"l/ttoc ,
fat ; biia,
oil]. The neutral fat contained in linseed tumor]. Of the nature of a lipoma.
oil, and to which its drying property is due. Lipomyxoma {Jip-o-miks-o' -maJi) [A/Vof, fat ;
Linseed [lin'-sed). See Linum. mucus; 6/m, tumor].

p'l'^n,
A myxoma
Lint \Jinum, flax]. A loosely woven or combined with fatty tissue.
partly mass of broken linen-fibers,
felted Lipothymia [lip-o-thi'- me-ah) [}'.dnen', to
made by scraping and picking linen cloth. leave ; 6vit6(;, mind]. P'aintness,
It is used as a dressing for wounds. L., Lippitude {lip'- e-tud), Lippitudo {lip-e-
Common, lint that is twilled on one side tu'-do) blear-eyed].
[lippics',
The state of
and woolly on the other. In the spreading being blear-eyed, a condition marked by
of an ointment the twilled side used. L., is ulcerative marginal blepharitis.
Patent, English charpie lint that is scraped;
Lipuria {lip-u'-re-ak) [A/Vof, fat urina, ;
on botli sides, a soft finish being thus given urine]. The presence of fat in the urine.
to the two surfaces. Liquefaction {lik-ive-fak' -shini) \_liquidus,
Linum {li'-nuni) [L.]. Flaxseed; linseed. liquid; facere, to make] . The process of
The seed of L. usitatissimum, a plant of the changing or being changed into a liquid. L.-
order Linere, containing a fatty substance, necrosis. See Necrosis.
linolein, which is the glycerid of linoleic Liquefactive {lik-ive-fak'-tii') \liquefacere,
acid. Flaxseed is a demulcent, emollient, to rentier liquid]. Pertaining to, causing, or
and expectorant, useful in infiammations of chuacterized by liquefaction.
mucous membranes. L., Cataplasma (1!. Liquescent {lik-7oes' -ent ) \liquescere, to be-
P.), a poultice made from linseed meal. L. come liquid]. Becoming, or tending to be-
catharticum, is an active purgative and ver- come, li(|ni(l.
mifuge. L., Farina (15. P.), flaxseed-meal, Liqueur (likur') [Fr.]. An aromatic alco-
used as a poultice. L., Infusum, flaxseed- holic drink.
LIQUID LITHOPEDION
Liquid {lik' -ivid^ \liqtic7-e,

to melt]. I.
blood]. A
condition in which, owing to de-
Fluid flowing.
;
2. substance that flowsA fective metabolism of the nitrogenous ele-
readily and takes the shape of the containing ments, the blood becomes charged with dele-
vessel. terious substances, principally, perhaps, of
Liquidambar i^lik-
luid -
am' -bar) \_liqiiidus, thfe uric-acid group, although their exact
liquid ambar, from Ar. anbar, ambergris].

; ,
chemic nature is not determined.
A genus of trees of the Hamamelacex'. L. Lithemic [Jith-ein'-ik, lith-c'-mik) \7.'Sor,
altingia and L. orientalis, afford a portion stone; al/za, blood]. Pertaining to or suffer-
of commercial styrax. L. styracifiua, of ing from lithemia.
North America (sweet-gum, bilsted, co- Lithia {lith' -e-ah) \\'Soq, a stone], LijO.
palm) contains a stimulant gum, and is useful Lithium oxid. L. Water, mineral water
in diarrheas, coughs, and colds. containing lithium salts in solution.
Liquor (li'-k%uor or lik'-or) [L.]. i. Any Lithiasis {Jith-i' -as-is) [//ffof, stone]. The
liquid. 2. An aqueous solution of a non- formation of calculi in the body.
volatile substance. L. amnii, the liquid Lithic {Jith'-ik) \7,iOoq, stone]. I. Pertain-
contained in the amniotic sac. L. cotunnii, ing to calculi. 2. Pertaining to lithium. L.
the perilyni])!! of the internal ear. L. foUi- Acid. See Acid, Uric.
culi, the fluid filling the follicle or space Lithium (iit/t'-c-um) [/^/flnf, stone]. Symbol
about the developing ovum in the ovary. L. Li ;
atomic weight 7 quantivalence I.
;
A
sanguinis, the blood-plasma. soft, silver- white metal belonging to the
Liquorice [lik'-cr-is). See Glycyrrhiza. group of alkalies. It is the lightest solid
Lisfranc's Amputation [Z/5/)-rtwr, a French element, having a specific gravity of 0.585.
surgeon]. A disarticulation of the metatarsal The salts of L. are used in medicine for their
bones from the tarsus. L.'s Tubercle, a solvent power of uric acid, with which they
rough spot on the anterior surface of the first form easily soluble salts. They are, there-
rib near the superior border. It serves for the fore, employed in rheumatic and gouty affec-
attachment of the scalenus anticus muscle. tions. L. benzoas. Dose gr. v-xxx
Lisping {lisp'-ing) [AS., wlispiatr, to lisp]. (0.32-2.0). L. bromidum has the action
A defect of speech, in which sibilant letters of the bromids. Dose gr. xv-xxx (i. 0-2.0).
are sounded like Unguals, especially s as th. L. carbonas. Dose gr. v-xv (0.32-I.0).
Lissauer's Tract \_Lissaut'r, a German sci- L.-carmin, a solution of carmin in lith-
entist]. A group of fine nerve-fibers in the ium carbonate, used as a stain for tissue.
spinal cord lying ventrad and dorsad of the L. citras. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0).
entrance of the dorsal roots. L. citras effervescens. Dose pjj (4.0).
Listerine [//Y-h'r-in) \^Lis(er, an English L. salicylas. Dose gr. xx-xl (1.3-2.6).
physician]. A proprietary antisejitic prejia- Lithocenosis {/////-o-srn-o'-sis) [/\/ftjf, stone;
ration said to contain thymol, eucalyptus, Khuaiq, evacuation]. The extraction of the
baptisia, gaultheria, mentha arvensis, benzoic fragments of calculi that have been crushed.
and boric acids. Lithoclast [Uth'-o-klasf). See Lithotrite.
Listerism general name for
[lis'-t^7'-izm). A Lithoclysmia [lith
- o -
kHz'- nie
ah) \\'i(ôq,
-
the antiseptic and aseptic treatment of wounds stone K/'vaun, clyster].

;
An injection of
according to the jirinciples first enunciated by solvent liquids into the bladder for the re-
Lister, an English physician. moval of calculi.
Listing's Law \_Listiiii^, a German scientist].
-
Lithodialysis (lith-o- dial'-is is) [P/'ftif,
See Laiu. L.'s Reduced Eye. See Eve. stone (5»i?./'fa', to dissolve].
,
I. The solu-
Liter [If'-tei-) \^/iti-a, a pound]. The unit of tion of calculi in the bladder. 2. The opera-
capacity in the metric system, equal to tion of breaking a vesical calculus, previous
0.8S036 of an imperial quart, or 1.056 U. S. to its removal.
it is the volume of one Litholapaxy (lith-oF -ap-ak-se) [X/flof, stone ;
quarts ; kilogram
of water at its maximum density. /(in-af/f, removal]. An operation for crush-
ing a stone in the bladder and removing the
-
Lithagogue ag og)
[lidog, stone;
{lith'-
ayuyoc;, leading]. Expelling calculi. 2.
I.
fragments at the same sitting.
Any agent tending to expel calculi from Lithology {lith-oU -o-jc) l_'/iH(K, stone ?i(v) of, ;
the bladder. treatise]. The science of the nature and

Litharge {lith'-arj). See Plumbum. treatment of calculi.
Lithate {Uth'-at) \l'iBoq, stone]. A salt of Litholysls (lith-ol'-is-is) \7jBo(;, stone Vvaic, ;
lithic (uric) acid ;

a urate. solution]. See LitJiodialvsis.
- ek'- tas
\\'iBoq, stone
- -
Lithectasy (///// e) ; Lithonephrotomy (/////
-
o -
nef- rot' o- me)
iKraaig, a stretching out].
Dilatation of the \?Jdoq,stone ; veipj)nq, kidney TOfir/,
a cut- ;
urethra and neck of the bladder for the re- ting]. Incision of the kidney for the re-
moval of calculi. moval of a renal calculus.
Lithemta [lith-e'-me-ah') \A'Soq, stone ; a///«. Lithopedion {lith-o-pe'-dc-on) [/"./ôr, stone ;
LITHOPHONE LIVER
na/iVm>, child]. A retained fetus that has Litmus {lit'-t)iiis) [Dutch, lak, lac; moes,
undergone calcareous infiltration. pulp. A blue pigment obtained from Roccella
Lithophone {^litk'-o-fdn') [/i/ftjf,
stone ; (ûvi], tinctoria, a lichen. It is employed for deter-
soiiiidj.
An
instrument for detecting by mining the presence of acids ancl alkalies. L.
sound the presence of calculi in the liladder. Paper, Blue, unsized paper steeped in a solu-
Lithoscope (//V/z'-c-j/'o/) [//''or,
stone ;
ciim- tion of litmus it turns red on contact with
;
Trelv, to examine]. An
instrument for the acidsolutioiis. L. Paper, Red, unsized paper
detection and examination of calculi in the steeped in a solution of litmus colored red with
bladder. acid it turns blue on contact with alkaline
;
'Lithosis {///î-o^-s/s) [7/'ft)c, stone], (Irinder's solutions.

huiL;, a di+ieased condition of the lung caused Litter {lit'-cr) [/tv///.r, a couch]. A stretcher
by the inhalation and deposition in the lung-tis- or couch with handles for carrying the sick
sue of particles of silica or aluminium silicate. or wounded.
Lithotome (lith' -o-td»i) \\'dhq, stone TOiui, ;
Litten's Sign. See Diaphragmatic Phe-
a cutting]. A cutting-instrument for use in iionienon.
lithotomy. Littre's Colotomy, the making of an open-
Lithotomist (lith-ot'-o-misf) [/l/flof,
stone ; ing into the colon through the left iliac
ro.7//, a cutting]. A surgeon who performs region. L.'s Glands. See Gland. L.'s
lithotomy. Hernia. See Hernia.
Lithotomy (Jith-ot' -o-7ite)\7^'Soc, stone ;
roiii]^
Livedo (Jiv-e'-dd) \_livej-e,
to grow black].
a cutting]. Incision into the bladder to Same as Lividily.
remove a calculus. L., Bilateral, a lithotomv Liver [liv'-er') [AS. , ///^v, liver] . The largest
performed by a curved transverse incision just gland in the Ijody, situated on the right side
in front of the rectum. L., Lateral, one in of the abdominal cavity, just below the dia-
which the incision is made in front of the phragm, and forming an appendage of the
rectum and to the left of the raphe. L., digestive tract. Its functions are the :
Median or Marian, one in which the in- secretion of bile the formation and stor-
;
cision is made in the median line in front of age of glycogen the jiroduction, at least
;
the anus. L., Mediolateral, the perineal at a certain period of development, of blood-
incision is made in the median line, and the corpuscles the destruction of blood- corpus-
;
prostatic incision laterally. Position, L. cles the formation of a large quantity of urea ;
;
a position in which the patient rests on his the retention and destruction of certain poison-
back with the thighs flexed on the abdomen ous substances absorbed from the intestinal
and the legs flexed on the thighs, the knees tract. Anatomically, it consists of five lobes
being widely abducted. L., Suprapubic, — the left, the lobus Spigelii, the
right, the
lithotomy in whicli the incision is made above lobus quadratus, and the lobus caudatus.
the puliis, at a point where the bladder is not These lobes are made up of lobules or acini,
covered by peritoneum. L., Vaginal, one in and these again of hepatic cells, capillaries,
which the incision is through the vaginal arteries, veins, lymphatics, and biliary chan-
wall. nels, each lobule being surrounded by con-
Lithotripsy {lith' -o-ti-ip-se) \XiOoc, stone ;
nective tissue. The weight of the liver is be-
r/)//:(f7i^,
to rub]. The operation of crushing tween 50 and 60 ounces. L., Albuminoid or
calculi in the bladder. Amyloid, one the seat of amyloid degener-
Lithotriptor {Iith-otri/>'-fcr) \_lidnr, stone ; ation. L., Beavertail, one the left lobe of
r/i',iwr, to rub]. An instrument for crushing which in form resembles a beaver's tail. L.,
calculi in the bladder. Biliary Cirrhotic, one the seat of chronic
Lithotrite [lilli'-o-trit) [^/'ftjf,
stone ; ttn-ere, inflammation, the result of obstruction and dis-
to rub]. An instrument for crushing a vesi- tention of the bile-ducts. L., Cirrhotic, one
cal calculus. the seat of chronic inflammation, with over-
Lithotrity \7Mnc^ stone fnrre,
[litliôt'-rit-e] ; growth of the connective tissue and atrophy of
to rub]. The
process of crushing a stone in the parenchyma. L., Fatty, one with marked
the bladder, with the lithotrite, into fragments fatty infiltration and degeneration. L., Hob-
small enough to pass through the urethral nail. See Hobnail Liver. L., Gin-drink-
canal. ers', the liver of atrophic cirrhosis. L., Nut-
Lithous [h'//i/-tis) \/.idoQ, stone]. Having meg, a condition of the liver occurring in
the nature of a stone. heart-disease, fatty infiltration, and amyloid
Lithuresis [H/h -
n -
re'- sis) stone
[//rtof , ;
disease. The surface of a section has a
ohfirjoiq, urination]. The voiding of small peculiar mottled appearance, the center of
calculi with the urine. the lobules being dark, the peri]ihcry light in
Lithuria [ii/h-ii' -re-ah)\liBn(;, i=.ione\ iiriiia, color. L.-spot, chloasma. L., Syphilitic,
urine]. A condition marked by excess of one the seat of gummata, which on healing,
lithic acid, or its salts, in the urine. leave scars, or of a diffuse inllannnation that
LIVID LOCK-SPASM
may lead to cirrhosis, with atrophy or, espe- Lobular {lob' -ii-lar) \Jobultis, a little lobe].
cially in hereditary syphilis, enlargement. Pertaining to, resembling, or composed of,
L,., Tightlace, one in which the right lobe lobules. L. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia.
is thickened vertically from compression, Lobulated {lob' -ii-la-ted) \_lobnlatus,from
marked by the ribs, and atrophic from con- lobiiliis, a little lobe] .
Consisting of lobes or
stant pressure by tight stays. L., Waxy. See lobules.
L., Amyloid. L.-wort. "êe Hepatica. Lobule {lob'-i'd) \_lobtis,
a lobe]. See Lobii-
Livid [liv'-id) \Jivere, to be dark]. Discol- Itis. L., Paracentral, the superior connect-
ored from the effects of congestion or contu- ing convolution of the ascending frontal and
sion black and blue; pale lead-color.
; ascending parietal gyri.
Lividity [liv-id'-it-e) \Jivere, to be dark] The . Lobulus {lob' -u-lus) [dim. of lobiis, a lobe].
state of being livid. L., Cadaveric, or Post- A small lobe. L. caudatus, the tailed
mortem, the reddish or bluish discoloration lobe of the liver that separates the right ex-
in the dependent parts of a corpse, due to tremity of the transverse fissure from the
the gravitation of the blood. commencement of the fissure for the inferior
Liver (//'-7'<7;) [//j'cvv, tobedark]. Lividity. vena cava. L. quadratus, the square lobe
Lixiviation {^liks-iv-e-a'-shiut) \Jixivia, lye]. upon the inferior surface of the right lobe of
The process of leaching ashes. Also, the the liver. L. spigelii, the lobule projecting
process of separating by solution any alkaline from the posterior portion of the inferior sur-
salt from the insoluble impurities with which face of the liver.
it is mixed. Lobus {lo'-bus) [L.]. A lobe.
Lixivium (^liks-iv'-e-iiiii) \lixivia, lye] . The Local {lo'-kl) \_loens, place]. Limited to a
filtrateobtained by leaching ashes practi- ; part or place ;
not general.
cally a solution of an impure potassium Localization {lo -kal-iz-a' -shun) \_lociis,a.
hydrate. place]. I. The determination of the seat of
Lobar (Jo^bar) \_lobiis, a lobe]. Pertaining to a lesion. 2. The limitation of a process to a
a lobe. L. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia. particular place ;
the opposite of generaliz-
Lobe {Job) \_/ol>tis,
a lobe]. A more or less ation. 3. The faculty of locating sensory
rounded part or projection of an organ, sep- impressions. L., Cerebral, the determina-
arated from neighboring parts by fissures tion of the position of the centers in the
and constrictions, as the lobes of the liver, brain that preside over certain physiologic
of the brain, etc. L. of the Cerebellum, acts, or of the seat of pathologic conditions
each cerebellar hemisphere is divided into interfering with the proper function of these
the following lobes :
—
On the upper surface, centers.
the anterior or square lobe, and the pos- Localized {lo'-kal-izd) [/<>««, a place] . Con-
terior or semilunar lobe on the under sur- ;
fined to a particular place.
face, the flocculus or subpeduncular lobe, Lochia (/;;''
- ke -
pertaining to
ah) [/,o ^'Of,
the amygdala or tonsil, the digastric lobe, cliildbirth]. The discharge from
the genital
the slender lobe, and the inferior posterior organs during the first few weeks (from 2 to
lobe. L. of the Cerebrum, the primary 4) after labor. L. alba, the whitish flow that
lobes into which each cerebral hemisphere is takes place from about the seventh day. L.
divided they are, the frontal, parietal, oc-
; cruenta, L. rubra, the sanguineous flow of
cipital, temporosphenoidal, and central, or the first few days. L. serosa, the serous dis-
island of Reil. Brain and CoiiTohUion.
.See charge taking ]ilace about the fifth day.
L. of the Liver. See Liz'er. L., Marginal, Lochia! {lo'
-
ke -
al) [/oxioq, pertaining to
the first frontal convolution running along the childbirth]. Pertaining to the lochia.
margin of the longitudinal fissure. Lobes, Lochiometra {lo-kr-o-tne'-trah) \/-()xio(;, per-
Optic, the corpora quadrigemina. taining to childbirth f-ti/rjxi, uterus]. ;
A
Lobelia {/o be' le ah) [from de Label, a
- - -
collection of lochia in the uterus.
French botanist]. The leaves and tops of Lochiorrhea {lo-ke-or-e'-a>li) [7o y'OC, pertain-
L. inflata, of the order Lobeliacece. It con- ing to childbirth pom, a flow]. An abnor-
;
tains a liquid alkaloid, lobelin an acid, ;

mal flow of the lochia.
lobelic acid an acrid body, lobelacrin and a
; ; Lock-finger. A
peculiar aflFection of the fin-
crystalline substance, inflatin. Lobelia is ex- gers in which they suddenly become fixed in
pectorant, antispasmodic, and emetic, and a flexed position, due to the presence of a
has been used in asthma, whooping-cough, small fibrous growth in the sheath of the ex-
and other bronchial ai'fections. L., Ext., tensor tendon.
Fl. Dose n\^j-v (0.065-0.32). L., Tinct. Lock-jaw. Tetanus; trismus.
Dose tTLx-xxx (0.65-2.0). L., Tinct., Lock-spasm. A spasm of the fingers in which
^therea (B. P.). Dose n^x-xxx (0.65- they become firmly flexed upon the object in
2.0). L. syphilitica, a North American spe- their grasp, as upon the pen in writing. It
cies that has been used as an is sometimes seen in writers' cramp.
anlisyphilitic.
LOCOMOTIVE LUETIC
Locomotive {Jo-ko-nio'-tiv) \_locus,
a place ;
London Paste. A caustic paste containing
viovere, to move]. Moving from place to equal parts of sodium liydroxid and unslaked
lime.
place; able to change its' place; pertaining
to locomotion. L. Pulse. See Pulse. Longevity [lon-jev'-it-e^ \Jouga, long ; vita,
Locomotor [lo-ko-nto'-tor)
a place
\_locus, ; life]. Long life.
Pertaining to locomotion. us) [super, of
-
a mover].
/iintor, Longissimus (^lon -jis'- iin
L. Ataxia, or L. Ataxy. See Aiaxy and loiigics,long]. Longest. L. capitis, L.

Tiiht's. cervicis, L. dorsi. See Muscles, Table of.
Locular, Loculated [/ok'-u-hv, lok'-u-la- Longitudinal {lon-je-tu'-din-al) \longitudo,
ted) \_IochIus, a cell]. Divided into loculi. length]. Lengthwise; in the direction of the
Loculus [lok'-u-lus) [dim. ol lofiis, a place]. long axis of a body. L. Fissure, the fissure
A small space or compartment. dividing the cerebrum.
Locus(/(/-/Cv«)[L,]. Aplace. L.cinereus.L. 'L.ov\.^\xs{la7vng'-gus)\\,.\ Long. L. capi-
coeruleus, L. ferrugineus, a bluish-tinted tis, the rectus capitis anticus major muscle.
eminence on the fasciculi teretes of the fouith L. colli. See Muscles, Table of.
ventricle of the brain. L. minoris resis- Loop [Irish and Gael., lub, a loop]. Abend
tentiae, a spot of diminished resistance. L. in cord or cord-like
a structure. L. of
niger, a dark area in the center of a section Henle. See Kidney.
of the crus cerebri. L. perforatus, a name Lordoma, Lordosis [lor-do' -viah, lor do^-
given to the anterior and the posterior per- sis) [_'/Mp6ovv,\.o bend inward]. A curvature
forated space at the base of the brain through of the spine with a forward convexity.
which blood-vessels pass. L. ruber, the red Loreta's Operation, i. The forcible dila-
nucleus of the tegmentum. tation of the pylorus for the relief of stricture.
Loffler's Alkaline Solution. A mixture 2. The treatment of aneurysm by the intro-
of 30 parts of a concentrated alcoholic solu- duction of metal wire into the sac, through
tion of methylene-blue and loo parts of a which an electric current is then passed.
I : 10,000 aqueous solution of potassium hy- Lotio (/<7^-j//t-(') [L. ]. "êe Lotion. L. hy-
droxid. L.'s Bacillus, the bacillus of diph- drargyri flava (B. P.), yellow mercurial
theria. See Bacteria, Table of. L.'s Blood- 'lotion ;
L. hydrargyri nigra
yellow wash.
serum Mixture, a mixture consisting of one (B. P.), black mercurial lotion ;
black wash.
part of neutral meat-infusion bouillon contain- Lotion [lo'-s/iun) \_lotio, a wash]. A medi-
cinal solution for bathing a part a wash.
ing I per cent, of glucose, and 3 parts of blood- ;
serum it is used as a culture-medium.

;
L.'s Louse. See Pediculosis.
Toluol-solution, a solution recommended Lovage ijuv'-aj) [OF., levesche, from ligus-
by Loffler for the local treatment of diphthe- ticu/n, lovage]. The root of Ligusticum
ria. It consists of menthol 10 grams, toluol, levisticum and Levisticum officinale, plants
make 36 c.c, absolute alcohol 60
sufficient to of the order Umbelliferie. L. is stimulant,
c.c, liquor ferri chloridi 4 c.c. Another aromatic, carminative, and emmenagogue.
formula is menthol 10 grams, toluol, suffi-
: Dose of a fld. ext. fgj-ij (4.0-8.0). Unof.
cient to make 36 c.c, creolin 2 c.c, absolute Lower, Tubercle of. See Tubercle.
alcohol 65 c.c. Loxa Bark [loks'-ali). Pale cinchona; the
Loemology {lem-ol'-o-je'). See Loimolotry. bark of Cinchona officinalis.
Logoneurosis {^log
- - mi -
ro'-sis) [/o}0(;, Loxopterygium [loks-o-fer-ij'-e-u?n) [Zofof,
word; it i/)oi',nerve]. I. A
neurosis marked oblique -rtpv^, wing].
;
A genus of ana-
by a speech-defect. 2. A
neurosis attended cardiaceous trees. L. lorentzii, L. sagotii,
with impairment of the mental powers. red quebracho, the bark of which is used as
a substitute for cinchona.
Logopathy [log- op '- ath - e^ [Aojw, word ;
-(iH(,r, disease]. A
disease affecting the Lozenge [loz'-enj) [OF., loseitge, lozenge].
si:)eech.
A medicated tablet with sugar as a basis.
Logoplegia [log-o-ple' -je-aJi) [/lo}Of,
word ;
Lucid [lu-^-sid) \_lucidus, clear]. Clear, shin-
stroke].
TT/;/;//, Loss of the power of uttering, not obscure. L. Interval, the transitory
ing articulate speech. return of the normal mental faculties in insane
Logorrhea [log-or-e'-ak) [Aoyof, word ; pola, or delirious conditions.
a ffow]. Excessive loquacity. Lucidification [lu-sid-ifik-a'-s/iuu) \_lucidus,
Logwood (log^-wood). See Heinatoxyloii. clear facre, to make]. A clearing-up, espe-
;
cially a clearing up of the protoplasm

of cells.
Loimology {loi-inol'-o-je) plague
[/lo<//dc, ;
/(i}or, a treatise]. The science of contagious Ludwig's Angina. See Diseases, Table of.
epidemic diseases. Lues lylu'-es) [L.] Formerly a pestilendal
Loin [loin)
\Jumbiis, loin]. The lateral disease ;
at present used as a euphemism for
and jiosterior region of the body between the syphilis.
false ribs and the top of the pelvis. Luetic (lu-ct'-i/c) {^lues, a jihigue]. Affected
Lombardy Leprosy. Pellagra. with or relating to lues ; syphilitic.
LUGOL'S CAUSTIC LUPUS
Lugol's Caustic. A solution of iodin and a genus of leguminous plants. Lupinus albus
potassium iodid, of each one part, in water and others contain a bitter glucosid, lupinin
tvvo parts. L.'s Solution. See Iodin. (Cj,,II.j.Ô[|;) ;
while from L. luteus an alka-
Lumbago {Ittm-ba'-go) \Junibns, the loin]. loid, arginin (CgIi,^NÔ.^), is obtained. The
Pain in the loins. bruised seeds of L. albus have been used as
Lumbar {/mn^-lhir) \Jiinibns, the loin]. Per- an external application to ulcers.
taining to the loins. L. Colotomy, colot- Lupinidin [liifin'-iJ-iit) \_lupiis, a wolf],
oray performed in the lumbar region. L, CgHjjN. A
liquid alkaloid obtained from
Puncture. See Puncttirc. L. Region. See Lupinus luteus.
AbJo/nen. L. Vertebra. See Vertebra. Lupoid [In' Old). f See Lupiform.
Lumbricales {Jiiin-brik-a'-lez). See Muscles, Lupulin (lu' pu-lin) \Jupulus, hop]. The
Table of. glandular powder obtainetl from the strobiles
Lumbricoid [lii/>i'
-
brik -
oid) \_hi»ibricus, of llumulus lupulus. See Ilumiilus. It is
earth-worm ; fJfôf, likeness]. Pertaining to, antispasmodic and sedative, and is used in
or resembling, a lumbricus. sexual excitement, delirium tremens, renal
Lumbricus {Inm'-brik-iis) [L. ]. genus A and vesical irritation, and spermatorrhea.
of worms, including the common earth-worm Dose gr. ij-v (0.13-0.32). Oleoresina lu-
and certain intestinal worms. The latter are pulini. Dose tT\, x-xl (0.65-2.6). Ext.
now termed Ascarides. lupulini fluidum. Dose f
3 ss-ij (2.0-
Lumbus [I>]- The loin. 8.0).
Lumen (Ju'-ineii) [/«Wd'/4, light]. The cav- Lupulus [lu' fu-lus). See llumulus.
ity surrounded by the walls of a tubular Lupus [lu'-pus) [L. a wolf]. , Lupus vul-
vessel. garis a;
chronic disease of the skin and mu-
Luminiferous {Iti-inin-if^-er-us) \Jumcn, cous membranes, characterized by the fornia-
light ; ferre, to bear]. Conveying or bearing tion of nodules of granulation -tissue. It
light. passes through a number of phases, and ter-

Lumpy Jaw. See Actinomycosis. minates by ulceration or atrophy, with scar-
Lunacy {/n^-nas-e) [^luna, the moon]. In- formation. The cause of the disease is the
sanity, from the superstitious belief that it tubercle-bacillus. L., Disseminated Fol-
was influenced by the moon. licular, a variety of lupus confmed to the
Lunar [Jn'-nar) \luna, moon]. Pertaining face, especially in the situations usually occu-
to the moon or to silver {luna of the alchem- pied by acne. The papules are from a large
ists). L. Caustic, silver nitrate. pin's head to a pea in size, conical and deep-
Lunatic (Ju' -nat-ik) [See Lunacv\ i. Per- red. L. erythematosus, L. erythematodes;
taining to or affected with insanity. 2. An Cazenave's lupus a form not due to the
;
insane person. tubercle bacillus. It occurs, as a rule, in
Lung [.VS., lunge, lung]. The organ of res- multiple patches, with a tendency to symmet-
piration, in which the impure venous blood is ric arrangement, chiefly about the face and
oxidized by the air drawn through the trachea head, occasionally on the extremities, and
and bronchi into the air- vesicles. There are rarely on the trunk. Thejiatches are sharply
two lungs, a right and a left, the former deflned at the border, flat, very slightly
usually consisting of three, the latter of tvvo raised, and with a tendency to the formation
lobes. The lungs are situated in the thoracic of crusts. The color is bright-red, antl there
cavity, and are enveloped by the pleuroe. At are no nodules. It is most common in
the root or hilum the bronchus and its arteries, women of adult or middle age. L. erythe-
and the pulmonary artery and nerves enter, matosus sebaceus, a form with special in-
and the pulmonary and bronchial veins and volvement of the sebaceous glands. L. exe-
lymphatics leave. The lung proper consists dens. Synonym of Z. T7/;jt.-(?;7.f. L. hyper-
of minute air-vesicles held in place by con- trophicus, that variety of L. vulgaris, in
nective-tissue trabecule. Capillaries traverse which new connective-tissue formation pre-
the walls of the air-vesicles and bring the cir- dominates over the destructive process, and
culating blood in close proximity to the air. markedly raised, thick patches result. L.
The average weight of the adult right lung is maculosus, a variety of L. vulgaris, charac-
22 ounces that of the left 20 ounces.
; L.- terized by the eruption of very soft, smooth,
fever, croupous pneumonia. l)rownish-red, semitranslucent miliary no-
Lunula [lu'-jiu-Iali] [dim. of hina, moon]. dules that develop in the connective tissue
I. The white semilunar area of a nail near of otherwise healthy skin without subjective
the root. 2. A structure resembling the sensations. L. non-exedens, lupus without
lunula of a nail. ulceration. L. vegetans, L. verruco-
Lupiform {In' -pif-ormy^lupus, a vioM; forma, sus, the formation in the lupus process of
form]. Resembling lupus. a warty-looking patch liable to become in-
Lupine [lit' fin) \lupns, a wolf]. Lupinus, flamed.
LUSCHKA'S GLAND LYMPHATIC
Luschka's Gland. See Gland. L.'s Ton- of the lymphatic vessels and hyperplasia of
sil, the adenoid tissue normally existing the tissues. L. -spaces, the lacunie occurring
between the orifices of the Eustachian tubes, in connective tissue and containing lymph.
analogous in structure to tlie lymphoid con- Lymphadenectasis {liinf-ad-cn ek' -tas-is')

stituents of the tonsil. \Jyiiiplia, lymph; luMjv, gland; t/iraa/f, dis-
Lusus naturae [/u'-sns) \liidcrc, to play]. tention]. Dilatation of the sinuses of a
A freak of nature. lymph-gland producing a tumor-like mass.
Lutein {lu'-te-iit) \JuteHS, yellow]. A yel- Lymphadenitis [^liinf-ad-en-i'-tis) \Jympha,
low pigment obtained from corpora lutea by lymph arf/;i',
; gland itic, inflammation]. ;
extraction with chloroform. Inflammation of a lymphatic gland.

Luxation {liiks-a'-s!iun). See Dislocation. Lymphadenoid {liinf-ad' -c-n-oia) \Jympha,
Luxus (inks' -us)
[L.]. Excess. L. -con- lymph; gland; eWoq, like].
cuMiv, Resem-
sumption, a term applied to the meta- bling, or of the nature of, a lymphatic gland,
bolism of certain surplus proteid material, or of lymphatic tissue.
which, though inside the body, does not Lymphadenoma {lintf-ad-cn-o' -7!ia)i) \Jyin-
form a component part of any of its tissues, ///rt, lymph ; rW^///', gland 6/ia, tumor]. Hy-
;
l>ut constitutes a kind of reservoir of force perplasia of tlie lymphatic glands. See
upon which the organism may draw. Ilodgkin'' s D/se'asc', in Diseases, Table of .
Lycanthropy {li-kan' -thro-pe) \\vmq, a wolf; Lymphaemia (//wy-£'''-w6'-rt//).

See Lymphe-
ai'ff/jwTOf, man]. A
form of mania in which 7?iia.
the patient imagines himself a wild beast. \^ynyp\ia.gog\x&{liin/'-ag-og)\^lytnpha,\ym^h.;

I. Stimulating the flow
Lycoperdon [_1vkoq, wolf;
[li-ko-per^-don) ciyuyoQ-, leading].
nspihaScu, break wind].
to A genus of of lymph. 2. An agent that stimulates the
fungi. L. bovista, fist-ball, puff-ball, devil's flow of lymph.

snuff-box. This has been used as a styptic, Lymphangiectasis [linif- an -je - ek' - tas-is)
and is now to some extent employed in \Jyi)ipha, lymph; ayyelov, vessel; £KTaai(,
nervous diseases. widening]. Dilatation of the lymphatic ves-
Lycopodium [li-ko-po'-de-iini) [/l/'/iOf, wolf; sels.
Ko'vq, foot]. Club-moss, witch-meal, wolf's- Lymphangiology {liinf- an je

- -
ol' - o -Je)
claw. The sporules of L. clavatum and \Jyinpha, lymph; ayydnv, vessel; 7^6yor,
other varieties, occurring in the form of a treatise]. The anatomy, physiology, and
light, fine, yellowish powder, are used as a pathology of the lymphatics.
desiccant and absorbent on moist and 'L,ymY>h3ingioma.{li /nf-an -je-o' -mah)\^lympha,
excoriated surfaces, and as an inert powder lymph ; ayye'iov, vessel ; biia, tumor] . A tumor
in which to imbed pills to prevent their ad- made up of lymphatic vessels. L. tuber-
hering to each other. osum multiplex, a very rare disease of the
Lye i. The solution skin, probalily congenital, characterized by
(//) [AS., ledh, lye],
of alkaline hydrates obtained by leaching the formation of large, brownish-red papules
ashes. 2. Any alkaline solution. or tubercles, the size of lentils, scattered in-
Lying-in. I.
Being in confinement. 2. discriminately over the trunk. On section
The [juerperal state. they prove to be made up of dilated lym-
Lymph [li//if)\_iyntpka, water]. I. The fluid phatics.
in the lymphatic vessels, the product of the Lymphangitis [livif- an- ji'- lis) \_lymp/ia,
of the liquid portion of the blood
filtration lymph; «}]e?or, vessel ; /r/r, inflammation].
through the walls of the capillaries. 2. The Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel.
coagulable exudate on an inflamed surface. Lymphatic {linif-at' -ik) \_lymp/ia, lymph].
3. The liquid material used for vaccination ; Pertaining to lymph ; containing or charac-
vaccine-lymph. L., Animal, vaccine-lymph terized by lymph. L. System, a system of
obtained from an animal. L.-cell, L.- vessels and glands, accessory to the blood-
corpuscle, a leukocyte occurring in the vascular system, conveying lymph. It begins
lymph. L. -follicles, small collections of as innumerable capillaries in interspaces of
lyraphadenoid tissue occurring in mucous tissues. These form plexuses studded with
membranes. L. -hearts, certain organs lymph-glands that act as filters and finally all
found in the frog and in some fishes, which those below the diaphragm unite in the recep-
are to the lymph-stream what the blood-heart taculum chyli on the second lumbar vertebra.
is to the blood-stream. L., Humanized, From this the thoracic duct leads upward
vaccine from a human Ijeing. L., Inflam- to empty into the junction of the left sub-
matory, that thrown out as a product of in- clavian and internal jugular veins. The
flammation in wounds, etc. L., Koch's, tub- lymph from the upjier right half of the body
erculin. L., Plastic, fibrinous lymph that ;
and head enters the right lymphatic duct,
forming embryonic tissue. L. -scrotum, an which empties into the junction of the right
enlargement of the scrotum due to distention internal jugular and subclavian veins.
LYMPHATICS LYMPHATICS
Lymplntie Glands and Vessels ol

the Cavity of the Axilla.
I
I
Lymphatic Glands and \ essels

of the Inguinal Region
\ \ •--
i\
'
1 1 -^
LVMPHEMIA MACROPHAGE
Lymphemia {liinf-e'-me-ah)\_Iyiiipha, lymph; lymph; p//} )'('•/'«/, to burst forth]. A flow of
blood].
ai//i(,
Leukemia characterized by lymph from a ruptured lymphatic vessel.
enlargement of the lymphatic glands. Lymphosarcoma (limf-o-sar-ko'- mail)
Lymphocyte {limf'-o-sit) \_lyuipha, lymph; [/)'w//^rt, lymph; tra/jf, flesh 6/m, tumor]. A ;
a cell].
k'vto(^, I. lymph-cell. 2. OneA sarcoma having some of the structural ele-
of Ehrlich's classes of leukocytes, comprising ments of a lymphatic gland.
those small cells having large nuclei and a Lypemania {^li-pe-nia' -iie-aJi)\7Jvnri, sadness;
very small amount of protoplasm. See jLavia,madness]. A form of dementia ac-
Leukocyte. companied by profound mental depression
Lymphodermia {^liinf-o-der' -me-aJi) \ly7npha, and refusal to take t'ood.
lymph; 6ipun, skin]. An affection of the Lyra (//'-;<?//) [A/'yjrt, a lyre]. A lyre. L. of
lymphatics of the skin. L. perniciosa, leu- Fornix, certain longitudinal, transverse, and
kemic enlargement of the glands. oblique lines on the inferior surface of the
Lymphoid {Jimf -oid)\_lynipha, lymph; ddioq, fornix, the arrangement of which bears a
Having the appearance or character fanciful resemblance to a lyre.
like].
of lymph. Lysis [li'-sis) [Ti'veiv, to loose]. The gradual
Lymphoma [liinf-o'-mah) \_Iympha, lymph ;
decline of a disease, especially of a fever.
bfLa,tumor]. A tumor composed of lymph- Lysol [li^-sol) [_H<etv, to loose]. brown A
adenoid tissue. The term includes also liquid substance obtained by" boiling tar-oils
formations not strictly tumors, as hyperplasias with alkalies and fats. It is used as an anti-
of the tissues proper to lymphatic glands. septic in surgery; in lupus, gonorrhea, or as
L., Malignant. Synonym of Hodgkin's a gargle in sore throat.
Disease. Lyssa {lis^-a/t) \}.vaaa, madness]. A syno-
Lymphomatous (Jimf-o'-mat-iis) \_!ymplici, nym of Hydrophobia or Rabies.
lymph; 6//«, tumor]. Of the nature of, Lyssophobia [lis-o-fo' -be-ah) \\vaaa, mad-
or affected with, lymphoma. ness ; (i)<l;?or, fear]. Morbid dread of rabies ;
Lymphorrhagia [liiiif-or-a'-je-ah) \_lympha. pseudohydrophobia.
M
M. The abbreviation of Musculus, Meter, My- large; ;^«p, hand]. Great enlargement of
opia, Milh\ a thousand, Minim and Alisee, the hands.
mi.\ ; it also represents the number 1000. Macrocyte {/j/ak' ro -sit) [/nciKpo^, large;
-
Mace (was). See Myristica. KuTor, cell]. A

giant blood-corpuscle found
Maceration [inas-er-a'-shmi] \_7>iacerare, to in the blood in certain anemias,
especially
make soft]. The process of softening a solid ]")ernicious anemia.
substance, or of converting into a soft mass Macrodactyly {niak-ro-dak' -dl-e) [/w\7Wf,
by soaking in a liquid, as, f.^., M. of the fetus. large danrvTync, finger].
,
Almormally large
Macies {iiia'-se-ez)\^»iacies,a.\\a.?<\.mg\. Atro- size of the fingers or toes.
phy, leanness, wasting. Macroglossia [mak-ro-glos'-e-ah) [paKp6(:,
Macrobiosis {ma/c-ro-bi-o^-sis)\_/iaKi>6g, long; great; y7\uaaa, tongue]. Enlargement of
/3/of, life]. Longevity. the tongue, a condition seen in cretins, in
Macrocephalia [iiiak-ro-sef-a' -le-ah) [^/inKpix;, whom it is probably due to lymphangioma.
large Ke'f)n?J/, head].
; Abnormal largeness Macromania (mak-ro-nia'-ne-ah) [//a/cpof,
of the head. large fiavla, madness].
; form of mania A
Macrocephalous {mak-ro-sef -al-us) \_iiaKfi6q, characterized by the delusion that objects are
large; Keon'/ij, head]. Characterized by an larger than they really are or the impres- ;
abnormal Iv large head. sion that one's own body or members are
Macrocheilia ( i/nt/c -
ro -
ki' - le -
ah) [//ir/v'/jor, much larger than they are.
large; ;j;f?Aor lip]. Excessive development Macromelus [inak ram' -el-tis) [//a/v-pof, '>^'"fe
of the h'lis,
a chara'teristic of certain negro ////^ or, organ or member], i.
Having exces-
tribes. It occurs also in cretinoid states, sively large limbs. 2. One having exces-
when the li])s
and cheeks are the seat of sively large limbs.
lymphangioma. Macrophage [niak'-ro-fdj) \_naKp6c, hn-ge ;
Macrocheiria [»tak -
ro -
ki' re
- -
ah) [^fiaKpdg, (j)ayeli>, to devour]. A large phagocyte-
MACROPODIA MAGNETOELECTRICITY
ro po' [nmg-iie'-zik) \_!>i(igiusiii//i'\. Per-
-
Macropodia [inak
- -
Je-ah) \_iiaKpQr, Magnesic
large; -otf, fool]. Excessive size of the taining to, or containing magnesium.
feet. Magnesium [jnag - ne' - ze - tirti) \1Aiiyvi]OLoq,
Macropsia {inak-rop'-se-ali). See Megalop- belonging to Magnesia, in Thessaly; m6o^
sia. Ma}V7,aiv^, Magnesian stone]. Symbol Mg ;
Macroscopic {inak
- ro -
skop' -ik) [/;o/>7Jof,
atomic weight 24.3; quantivalence II, specific
large; CKn-dv, see]. to Large enough to gravity 1.75. A bluish-white metal of the
be seen by the naked eye ; gross ;
not micro- group to which calcium and barium belong.
scopic. It is abundantly distributed throughout inor-
Macrosomatia i^mak
- ro -
so - ma' - she -
a/i), ganic and organic nature its salts are used
;
Macrosomia [niak-ro-so'-iiie-ah) \_uaKp6q, in the arts and in medicine. The source of

large ; cioua, body]. Excessive size of the magnesium and its salts is chiefly the minerals
dolomite and kieserite. The following com-
body.
Macrostoma (jnak- ros' to-mah^ [//a/c/jor,
-
pounds are used in medicine. Magnesii car- <
Congenital fissure bonas MgC03),Mg(OH).^ -f sH.p, exists in
large; arofia, mouth].
of the angle of the mouth, producing a large —
two forms, as light (M. carbonas levis), and
opening. as heavy magnesium carbonate (M. carbonas
Macrotin [mak'-fo-tin) \_iiiacrotys, cimici- ponderosa). It is antacid, laxative, and anli-
fui:;a\.
A
resin obtained by tiie precipitation lithic. Dose ^ss-îj (2.0-8.0). Liq.
of tincture of cimicifuga with water. magnesii carbonatis (B. P.). Dose f,^j-ij
Macula [mak'-u-lah) [L.]. spot especi- A ; (32.-64.0). M. citras effervescens, is
ally one upon the skin, not elevated above the cathartic. Dose 3J-iij (4.0-12.0). Liq.
surrounding level. Maculae acusticae, the magnesii citratis. Dose f _îv-viij (128.0-
terminations of the auditory nerve in the 256.0). M. oxid, MgO
(Magnesia, U. S.
saccule and utricle. M. lutea, the yellow P.), is obtained by calcining magnesium car-
spot of the retina. It is the point of clearest bonate, and exists in two forms, as light —
vision. M. Solaris, a freckle. magnesia, and as heavy magnesia (Magnesia
Macular {viak' -ti-lar^ [w^/r/zA?, spot]. Char- ponderosa, U. S. P.). It is used as an
acterized liy or resembling macula;. antacid and laxative, as a dusting powder,
' Dose
Maculate [jnak
- ti -
lat) \itiacula, a spot]. and as an antidote to arsenic. gr.
Spotted. X-5J (0.65-4.0). M. sulphas, MgSO^ -\-
Maculation {itiak u la'- shuti) \tnactda, a
- -
7H2O, Epsom salt, is an active cathartic,
spot] The
. state or quality of Ijeing spotted ; especially useful Sn inflammatory affections.
the formation of macule. Dose .tJ-.^J (4-0-32.0.) An enema mag-
Macule {niak'-td)\_iiiacida,'s.^-ô\^. Macula. nesii sulphatis is official in B. P. M. sul-
Mad [AS., iiucd, mad]. I. Insane. 2. Af- phas effervescens (B. P.). Dose 3ij-3J
fected with rabit's rabid. ; (S.0-32.0).
Madder {/iidd'-er) [AS., mirderu, madder]. Magnet (tuag'-iief) [Ma; i7/(T<of belonging to,
See Rttbia. Magnesia, in Thessaly, where loadstone was

Madura Foot [iiia
-
du' -
raJi). A disease first found]. I. Loadstone, a magnetic oxid
occurring chiefly in India, and characterized of iron. 2. A body having the power to
by the formation on the foot (sometimes on attract iron bodies. M., Electro-, a piece of
the hand) of a tender purplish swelling, iron rendered magnetic by a current of elec-
which in time suppurates, the pus being tricity passing through a coil surrounding the
evacuated through one or more sinuses. magnet. M., Horse-shoe, an iron mag-
These sinuses discharge a seropurulent liquid net having the shape of a horse-shoe.
containing peculiar bodies resembling gun- M., Permanent, one the magnetic proper-
powder-grains or fish-roe. The disease is ties of which are permanent, in contradistinc-
chronic, but remains local, and is believed to tion to M., Temporary, which derives its
be due to an organism allied to the acti- magnetism from another magnet or from a
nomyces-fungus. It is also termed Myce- galvanic current.
toma. Magnetic {jnag-net'-ik') [Mo} w/crwf, pertain-
Magendie's Solution. vSee Aforpkiti. ing to Magnesia, in Thessaly]. Pertaining or
Magenta [ma-jen' -taK) [from town in a belonging to a magnet. Possessing the
Italy]. A
coal-tar dye from which fuch- property of magnetism.
sin and a large number of other dyes are Magnetism {mag' -net-izm') \iiiagnet\. The
prepared. power possessed by a magnet to attract or
Magnesia (jnag-tie'-ze-ali) [Ma}'W/(Tiof, be- repel other masses. M., Animal, hypnotism.
longing to Magnesia, in Thessaly; /./flof Magnetization (itiag-mt-iz-a' -sitting [w?i^-
Ma}i7/cr<of, Magnesian stone.]. Magnesium 11c
t\ The process of rendering a substance
oxid, MgO. M. White, magnesium car- magnetic.
bonate. See Marnesiuiit .
Magnetoelectricity {inag- net- o-e- lek- tris'-
MAGNETOINDUCTION MALFORMATION
it-e) \_inai^net ;
i/A^Kvpoi', amber]. Elec- blood, free or within the red corpuscles, of
produced by means of a magnet.
tricity parasites (plasmodia) that exert a deleterious
Magnetoinduction (wiî,' - «;'/'-
o /'n duk'- - -
inlluence upon the red cells. The jjaroxysms
s/iuii) \_iniignct ; //^/z/tV/c, induclion].
The may be intermittent, remittent, or irregular.
production of an induceil current by the inser- If repeated daily the fever is designated quo-,
tion of a magnet within a coil of wire. tidian; if on alternate days, tertian; if with
Magnetotherapy {>nagnet - o - ther'- ap - e) an interval of two days, quartan. If two
mai^net ; Oepd-etd, treatment]. The treat- paroxysms occur daily the fever is designated
ment of diseases by magnets. a double quotidian. There may be a double
Magnification (^niai^-nif-ik-a'-shun) \mag- tertian form, a paroxysm occurring daily, but
Hits, large facere, to make].
; Enlargement, only those of alternate days being alike a ;
especially the enlargement of the image of an double quartan form, and others. A typica'
object by means of lenses. malarial paroxysm consists of a cold stage, a
Magnifying [mag' -nif-i-ing) \jnagnus ^XilX^q; hot stage, and a sweating stage, occurring in
Ajtd'rd*, to make]. Enlarging; making greater. the sequence given. Intermittent fever is
M. Power, the power of a lens to increase characterized by the occurrence of a complete
the diameters of the image of an object. intermission of the symptoms in the interval
Magnum, or Os [L., magnum
great between two paroxysms, the temperature be-
bone]. The largest bone in the distal row coming normal or subnormal. In remittent
of the carpus situated between the unciform fever there is only an amelioration of the
and the trapezoid bones. symptoms in the intervals. In certain locali-
Maid, Maiden [i)idd, ina'-deii) [AS., mocg- ties in which the malarial organisms are ex-
den, a maiden]. A young unmarried woman ; ceedingly numerous or intensely virulent, the
a virgin. attack displays a pernicious tendency. Of
Maidenhead, i. Virginity. 2. The hymen. this type there may be a cerebral form, char-
Maim [mam) [OF., mehaigner, to maim]. acterized either by delirium and excitement,
To cripple by injury or removal of a limb. or by coma and depression a thoracic form,
;
Main-en-griffe [inang-on-grif) [Fr.]. See in which the respiration is accelerated and

Claiv-hand. there is an urgent sense of the need of air ;
Maize [maz) [W. Ind., fnahiz, maize]. In- a gastrointestinal form, attended with nausea,
dian Corn. See Zea mays. vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea or an ;
Make [mak) [AS., macian, make]. In

to asthenic or algid form, in which there is a
electricity, to establish the flow of an electric condition of marked debility and a striking
current. coldness of the surface and of the I)reath.
Mai [Fr., from malum, evil, disease]. Dis- To the irregular manifestations of malarial
ease. M. de mar, sea-sickness. M., poisoning, which do not at any time present
Grand, epilepsy. M., Petit. SeQ Petit MaL the classical association of chill, fever, and
Mala [ma'-ta/i) [L. ].
The cheek-bone or sweat, the designation of "dumb ague" is
the cheek. given.' The enlargement of the spleen in
Malacia [mal-o/-se-aIi) \_â'ka\da, a soften- chronic malaria is sometimes designated
A "
ing]. morbid softening of tissue. ague cake." M. Hematuria, the presence
Malacotomy [mat- ak - of- o - me) \_fia'kaK6(;, of blood in the urine as a result of malarial
soft ; ro///), a cutting]. Incision of the abdo- poisoning. M. Neuralgia, neuralgia due to
men celiotomy.
; malarial intoxication.
Malady [mal'-ad-e) [_malum, evil]. Disease. Malassimilation [mal- as - im - il- a' - shun)
Malaise {jnal-az') [Fr. ]. A general feeling \_malus, bad ; assimilatio, likeness]. De-
of illness, accompanied by restlessness and fective assimilation.
discomfort. Malate [maF-at) \jiakov, an apple]. A salt
Malar [ma'-lar^ \_mala, cheeky Pertaining of malic acid.
to the cheek-bone. M. Bones, the two Malaxation [mal-aks-a' -shuti) ^^fiaknaativ, to
cheek-bones. soften]. I. The act of kneading. 2. A
Malaria [mal-a' -re-ah) [It., mala aria, bad form of massage.
air]. See Malarial Fever. Male (wfl/) [w(7.rr;<//«, a male]. I. Pertain-
Malarial {mal-a'-re-al) [It., mala aria, bad ing to the male sex, that which impregnates
air]. Pertaining to malaria. M. Cachexia, the female. 2. A member of the male sex.
3. Of a double-bladed instrument, the blade

a chronic form of malaria characterized by
anemia, general failure of health, a sallow which is received into a hollow of the other
complexion, and enlargement of the spleen. (female) blade. M. Fern, the Aspidium
M. Fever, a disease associated with the pres- filix mas. M. Organ, the penis.
ence in the blood of the Plasmodium malariiie, Malformation (w^7/-/();-w«^-.f////«) [w/?///,v,
ill ;
and characterized by periodicity, enlarge- a forming]. An abnormal develop-

y<'rwr7//(>,
ment of the spleen, and the; presence in the ment or formation of a part of the body.
26
MALGAIGNE'S HOOKS MAMMILLA
Malgaigne's Hooks [ma/i/gane) \_Malgaigne, Malpractice [i/ialprak'-tis) [malus, bad ;
a French surgeon]. An instrument for 7r/)dcrc7fn', to do]. Improper treatment ;

treat-
holding the parts of a fractured patella in ap- ment of a disease by a method contrary to that
position. taught by experience also, the unlawful pro-

;
Malic Acid See Acid.

(jna'-lik').
duction of an abortion.
Malignancy [mal-ig'-nan-se) \_malits, bad ; Malpresentation (jnal- pre - sen - ta' - sJiun)
gignere, to produce]. The quality of being [mains, bad; prcrsentare, to place before].
malignant. In obstetrics, such a position of the child at
Malignant [>/ial-ig^->iant) \_malus, bad; birth that delivery is difficult or impossible.
gignere, to produce]. Bad; compromising Malt, Maltum {ma-wlt, tnawl^-lum) [L.].

or threatening life. M. Edema. See The seeds of common barley, Hordeum dis-
Edema. M. Pustule, anthrax. M. Tumor, tichum, madegerminate by warmth and
to
a tumor that destroys life. Malignant tumors moisture, and then baked so as to stop the
recur and give rise to metastasis. germinating process. The germinated grains
Malingerer [jnal-in'-jer-er) [Fr. malingre, contain diastase, dextrin, and maltose, as well
sickly, from mains, bad ; ivger, ill, sick] . as proteids. Malt is used as a nutrient in
One who feigns illness or defect. wasting diseases. M., Ext. Dose ^j-iv
Malingering, Malingery (^vial-in' -jer-ing, (4.0-16.0). Unof. M., Ext., Fid. (N. F.)
mal-in'-jer-e) [Fr. malingre, from mains,
, is a solution of the
principles of malt in water
bad; csger, ill, sick]. The feigning of dis- and alcohol. M. -liquors, infusions of malt
ease. fermented so as to contain alcohol. Those
Malleable {mal^-e-a-bl) [malleus, hammer]. in common use are beer, ale, and porter.
Capable of being beaten or rolled into thin Beer is made by
a comparatively slow fer-
sheets. mentation, and contains about 2.5 per cent,
Malleation [inal-e-a'-sku)i) \_malleus, ham- of alcohol. Ale and porter are fermented
mer]. A
spasmodic action of the hands, more rapidly, and contain about 4.7 per cent,
consisting in continuously striking any near of alcohol. The malt used in making porter
object. is browned, giving the liquor a darker color.
Mallein [»iaF-e-in) \_malieiis, farcy]. A fluid Malta Fever. A
febrile disease prevalent on
obtained from cultures of the Bacillus mallei, the coasts bordering on the Mediterranean.
the microorganism of glanders. When in- It is characterized by malaise, an irregular
jected into the circulation of a glandered ani- fever, rigors, headache, pains in the limbs,
mal, it causes an elevation of temperature, and diarrhea and frequent relapses. The
;
and has been recommended for use in the etiology is not definitely known some of :
early diagnosis of farcy or glanders. the cases are probably forms of ty])hoid
Malleoincudal {mal-e-o-ing' -kii-dal') \^mal- fever. It is also termed Rock fever, Mediter-
/t';^ hammer; ?«r/«, anvil]. Relating
J-, to the ranean fever and Neapolitan fever.
malleus and the incus. Maltine {mauu' -tin) [maltum, malt]. A
Malleolar (mal - e'- o -
lar) [malleolus, little name given to various proprietary prepara-
hammer]. Relating to a malleolus. tions of malted wheat or barley, useful as

Malleolus (jnal-e' -o-lus^ [dim. of malleus, food for invalids.
hammer]. A part or process of bone hav- Maltose {ma-wF-fos) [maltum, malt], C,.,-
ing a hammer-head shape. M., External, H.,.,On HÔ. A variety of sugar formed,
-(-
the lower extremity of the filmla. M., In- together with dextrin, by the action of malt-
ternal, a process on the internal surface of diastase upon starch.
the lower extremity of the tibia. Malva mallow]. The mal-
{nial' -vaJi) [L.,
Malleus {mal'-e-us) [malleus, hammer]. I. low ; genus of malvaceous plants.
'a The
One of the ossicles of the internal ear having leaves of M. alcea, M. rotundifolia, and M.
the shape of a hammer. 2. Glanders. silvestris are used as demulcents.
Maliow (inal'-o). See Malva. Mamma [mam^-ali) [L.]. The breast; the
Malpighian Body [inal-pig^-e-an) [from milk-secreting gland of the mother.
Malpighi, an Italian anatomist]. The com- Mammalgia [mam-aF-Je- ah) [mamma,
mencement of a uriniferous tubule, consisting breast; a/joc, pain]. Pain in the mamma.
of the glomerulus of vessels (the Malpighian Mammalia [mam-a' -le-ah) [mamma ,hxt.2&\.'\.
tuft) and the membranous envelop (Bow- A division of the class of vertebrates includ-
man's capsule). M. Corpuscle, any one of ing all animals that suckle their young.
the minute whitish nodules of lymphadenoid Mammary [iiiam' -a-re) [?namma, breast].
tissue in the red substance of the spleen along Pertaining to the mammae. M. Artery. See
the course of the blood-vessels. Arteries, Table of. M. Gland. See Gland.
Malposition {mal-po-zish'-un) [w<7//Ar,bad ;
M. Line, the vertical line passing through
ponere, to place]. An abnormal position of the nipjile.
any part or organ, especially of the fetus. Mammilla [jnam-il' -afi) [dim. of mamma.
MAMMILLAPLASTY MANOMETRIC
breast]. A small prominence or papilla. tendency to violence. M., Alcoholic, acute
M. of Breast, the nipple or teat. mania of alcoholic origin. It is to be dis-
Mammillaplasty [niain-il-ap-las'-le) \jiiaiit- tinguished from delirium tremens, although

milla, nipple; K'kdaativ, to mold]. plastic A sometimes used synonymously with it. M.
a de- a potu. '^^^ Delirium tremens. M., Bell's,
operation for the purpose of elevating
an acute delirium running a rapidly fatal
]iressed nipple.
Mammitis \jn<im-i'-tis).
See Mastitis. course, with slight fever, and in which post-
Mammose {inani'-os^
\jnaniina, breast].
mortem no lesions are found sufficient to ac-
Having full or abnormally large breasts. count for the symptoms. There are the wild-
Mandible, Mandibula [man' - dib - /, tiian - est hallucinations, insomnia, and intense ex-
dill' -n lull ) \_i)iandc're,
to chew] . The inferior citement, followed by a condition called
inaxillarv l)one. typhomania, with elevation of temperature,
Mandibular {jnan-dib' -u-lar') [inaiidere, to dry tongue, and rapid, feeble pulse. M.,
chew]. Pertaining to the mandible, or lower Epileptic, a maniacal outburst in an epi-
leptic, often associated with a destructive ten-
jaw.
Mandragora (man-drag' -o-raJi) \jiav^pay6- dency. M., Puerperal, a form of mania or
paQ, mandrake]. A genus of solanaceous abnormal mental action sometimes following
the mandrake. M. officinalis has childbirth. M., Religious, mania in which
plants ;
been used as a narcotic and hyi^notic. It the central idea is religious in character, or
and other species contain an alkaloid, man- in which a powerful religious emotion has
dragorin, Cj^H.^jNOg, resembling atropin in been the exciting cause.

action. Maniac [ma'-ne-ak) [/lavla, madness]. An
Mandrake [man'-drak). See Mandragora insane person one affected with mania.
;
and Podopliylliiin. Manicure [man'-ikilr) [^manus, the hand ;
Mandrin The firm eura, care]. I. The processes employed in

[inan'-drin) [Ger. ].
guide or stylet (usually of metal) that gives caring for and beautifying the hand. 2. One
rigidity to a flexible catheter whilst it is being who professionally attends to the care of the
inserted. hands and nails.
Manducation {man-dti-ka' sJniii^ \^mandu- Manihot [man'-e-hot)
[L.]. A genus of
a chewing].
ciitio, The chewing or mastica- euphorbiaceous plants, yielding cassava and
tion of food. tapioca.
Manganese, Manganum [man'- gan- ez, Manikin [man' -ik-iii) [OF., manequin, a
mangan' -nm) [an altered form of Magne- puppet]. A model of the body, made of
siuni\. Symbol Mn atomic weight 54.8 ;
; mache, or other material, and
plaster, papier
quantivalence 11, iv, vi, VII. brittle, A showing by means of movable parts the re-
hard, grayish- white metal, having a specific lations of the organs.
gravity of 7.2, and resembling iron in proper- Manioc [man'-e-oli). See Manihot.
ties. It forms several oxids, the highest of Maniple [man'-ip-l)\_manipuhts, from manus,
which. Mn.jO^, forms an acid, HMnO^, from hand]. A handful.
which salts,permanganates, are pro-
the Manipulation [man-ip ti-la'-s/inn) \inanipii-
duced. Mangani dioxidum, MnO.j, black a handful].
ins, A
handling the use of the
;
oxid of manganese, is tonic and alterative, hands for the purpose of performing som*"
and has been used in syphilis, chlorosis, in work in a skillful manner, such as reducing £>
various skin-diseases, and in certain forms of dislocation, returning a hernia into its cavity,
dyspepsia. Dose gr. iij-xx (0.2-1.3). It is or changing the jjosition of a fetus.
employed in the arts, and in laboratories for Manipulus [man-ip' -ii-lus). See Maniple.
the purpose of obtaining chlorin and oxygen. Nianna [man' -all) [//(ij'i'n, manna]. The con'
Mangani sulphas, MnSO^ 4H.^0,has been + Crete, saccharine exudation of the flowering
used as a substitute for iron in anemia, and ash, Fraxinus ornus, and other trees. Manna
as a cholagogue. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-I.3). contains a sweet principle, mannite or mnn-
Potassium permanganate is a salt of perman- nitol, QH|^0^, a sugar, a purgative princi-
ganic acid, the latter being derived from ple, and a mucilage.
Some specimens con-
manganese heptoxid, MncÔ^. See Potas- tain also a glucosid, fraxin. Manna is a
sium. mild laxative. Dose ^j-ij (32.0-64.0).
Mange [mdnf] [Fr. , manger, to eat]. A Manometer [man-om' -et-e7-) \_jiav6q, rare ;
parasitic skin-disease of horses, cattle, and jihpnv, measure]. An instrument for meas-
dogs, resembling scabies, and due to various uring the tension of li([nids and gases,
species of Acarus. consisting either of a bent tube filled with
Mania [ma' -ne-aJi) l_unvia, /xaivscydni, to rage]. mercury (mercurial M.), or of a spring
A form of insanity marked by great mental (spring M.), connected with a writing-style.
and emotional excitement, by hallucinations, Manometric [man-o-met'-rik] [//ai'dr, rare ;
delusions, physical excitement, and often a fiirpov,measure]. Pertaining to a manom-

MANUAL MASS
eter pertaining to tracings obtained by means
;
The fatty substance contained in the medullary
of a manometer. M. Flames, flames of canal of long bones, and in the interstices
different heights and cliaracters seen in a of cancellous bone. In early life the mar-
rotating mirror and due to the reflection row of. all bones is red (red marrow), but
of a pulsating gas-flame when the supplying later that within the shafts of long bones as-
gas is motion by sound-waves. They

set in sumes a light color (yellow marrow). Red
are also known
as Koenig's flames. marrow is composed of a delicate reticulum
Manual [^man'-u-al) \_//iaiius, hand]. Per- of connective tissue, containing blood-vessels,
taining to the hands performed by the
; large connective-tissue cells, some of which
hands. in growing bone become osteoblasts (marrow-
Manubrium [iiian-u'-hre-uin) [L.]. A han- cells), giant-cells (myeloplaxes) and red cor-
dle. M. of Malleus, the handle-shaped puscles in various stages of formation. In
process of the malleus of the ear. M. manus, yellow marrow most of the cells have been
the radius. M. of Sternum, the upper piece transformed into fat-cells. The function of
of the sternum. bone-marrow is probably the formation of red
Manus (via' -n us) [L.]. The hand. corpuscles. In certain forms of anemia the
Manustupration [inan-u-sfit-pra'-s/iiot) \_r/in- marrow undergoes profound changes that ;
ftns, hand; stitprarc, to ravish]. Masturba- of the shafts of the long bones may return
tion. to its embryonical condition. Bone-marrow
Manyplies {man' -ip-hz) [AS., manig, many; has been used in the treatment of pernicious
plicare, to fold]. The third compartment in anemia.
the stomach of ruminants. It is also called Marrubium {inar-ii' -be-um)
[L. ]. Hore-
tlie omasum or psalterium. liound. The
leaves and tops of M. vulgare,
Maranta {ntar-an'-tah). See Arrowroot. of the order Labiate. It contains a volatile
Marantic {mar-an'-tik) \_/jaf)aiven',
to make oil, a bitter principle, marrubin, tannin,
lean]. Pertaining to M. Clot,
marasmus. resin, and lignin. At present horehound is
a blood-clot produced by slowing of the cir- mainly employed in catarrhal affections of
culation in depressed states of the system. the respiratory tract. Dose 3 ss-j (2.0-4.0).
M. Thrombosis, thrombosis due to general Unof.
malnutrition. Marsh-fever. Malaria.
Maraschino (mar-as-ke'-no) [Sp.]. A liquor Marsh-gas. Methane.
made from morello cherries. Marsh-mallow. See Alt/iesa.
Marasmatic [jnar-az-mat' -ik). Synonym of Marsh's Test. A test for arsenic. Hydrogen
Alarasiiiic. is generated by the action of an acid on
Marasmic {niar-az'-niik) [^/laijalvtiv, to grow zinc, the suspected liquid is added, and if
lean]. Aflected with marasmus. arsenic is present, it combines with the hy-
Marasmus [i/iar-a~J -iitits) [//n/jn/rcn', to grow drogen to form arsine, AsH^, which may be
lean]. A
gradual wasting of the tissues of ignited at the end of the delivery-tube and
the liody from insufficient or imperfect food- the flame allowed to impinge against cold
supply. There is either no organic lesion, porcelain. Metallic arsenic is deposited and
or gastrointestinal catarrh. is recognized by the character of the stain
Maic [mark) [Fr., dregs]. 1. by-product A and chemic tests.
in the manufacture of wines, consisting of Martin's Bandages. India-rubber bandages,
the stems, skins, and stones of the grapes. from 5 to 21 feet in length, used for making
2. The residue remaining after the expression compression of a limb for the cure of ulcers,
of the oil from certain fruits. varicose veins, etc.
Margaric Acid [inar-gar'-ik). See Aad. Maruta [ma-ru'-tah) [L.]. A genus of
Margaric Acid Crystals, needle-shaped herbs of the order Compositte. M. cot-
crystals consisting of compounds of the fatty ula, may- weed, or dog- fennel, is used as a
acid, found in foci of fatty degeneration, in substitute for chamomile.
the urine, etc. Mask [mask) [Fr., masque, a mask], i. A
Margarin {mar'-gar-in) [//apyopof, the pearl- bandage applied to the face in case of erysi-
oyster]. I. A margarate of glyceryl, espe- pelas, burns or scalds, eczema, etc. 2. Syn-
cially glyceryl trimargarate, C^H-(C,.H.^3- onym of Chloasma.
O.,)^, found in butter. 2. An artificial sub- Masked [maskt) [Fr. masque, mask].
,
a
stitute for butter. Covered with a mask concealed. M. Dis-
;
Marginal [mar'-jin-al) \_margo, margin]. ease, one that is concealed by concomitant

Pertaining to the margin or border. M. symptoms.
Convolution. See Convolutions, Table of. Mass, Massa [mas, mas'- ah) S^massa, a
Mariotte's Law. See Larv. mass]. I. An aggregation of particles of
Marjoram [mar' -jo-ram). See Origanum. matter. 2. A cohesive substance that can be
Marrow (jna>-'-o) [AS., mearh, marrow]. made into pills. M., Blue. See Mercury.
MASSAGE MAXILLARY
M., Vallet's. Massa ferri carbonatis. See Mastooccipital [mas-to-ok-sip' -it-aT) [/wff-
ro(,-, nip[)le ; occiput, occiput]. Pertaining to
Massage {mas-ahzh'^ [Fr. ,
from \iaanziv, to the mastoid process and the occipital bone.
knead]. A method of rubliing, kneading, or Mastoparietal [mas-to-par-i' -ct-al) \_fmaT6r,
stroking of the superficial parts of the body nipple ; paries, wall]. Pertaining to the
by the hand or an instrument, fur the purpose mastoid process and the parietal bone.
of modifying nutrition, restoring power of Masturbation [mas-turdni' -shun) \_mastur-
movement, breaking up ailhesions, etc. A bari, to pollute one's self] . Production of the
male peisrtn performing M. is termed a venereal orgasm liy friction of the genitals.
masseur ;
a female person, a masseuse. Mate [mah'-ta) \y^'^.,mate, a vessel]. Para-
Masseter {^mas'- e
-
ter) chevver].
\_iiaaiirijp, guay tea. The leaves of Ile.x paraguayensis,
( )ne muscles of
of the mastication. See which are used in South America as a substi-
Muscles, Table of. tute for tea and cofiee. Its properties are due
Masseteric [tnas-et-er^-ik] \_imaij-ijp, chewer] . to thein.
Pertaining to the masseter-muscle. Materia medica [mat-e'-re-ah med'-ik-ahi)

Massicot {inas'-ik-ot) [Fr.]. FbO. Lead [
L. medical matter]
,
The science that treats .
oxid ; litharge. of the sources and preparations of the drugs

Mast-cells [Ger., Mastzellen]. Cells filled and agents used in medicine
with basophile granules, found in the con- Materies vn.ox\>\[mat-e'-re-ez mor'-bi) [L. ,
nective tissue and in foci of chronic inflam- matter of disease] . The material that is the
mation. cause of a disease.
Mastalgia [mas-tal'-je-ali) [//affrdf, breast; Maternal [mat-ur'-nal) [mater, mother].
li/yof, pain]. Pain in the breast. Pertaining to the mother. M. Impressions.
Mastic, Mastiche {nias'-tik, vtas'-ti-ke) See Impressions.
[^fiaarixf, mastic]. The resin flowing from Maternity [>nat-ur'-nit-e) [mater, mother].
the incised bark of the Pistacia lentiscus, a I. Motherhood. 2. A lying-in hospital.
tree of the Terebinthacere. It is used as a Matico [mat-e'-ko) of [Sp. ]. The leaves
styptic, as a filling for teeth, and as a micro- Piper angustifolium, of the order Piperace?e.
It is aromatic and stimulant, and has been
scopic varnish.
Mastication [jnas-tik-a' -shini) \jnasticare, to used as a local and general hemostatic, and as
chew]. The act of chewing. an alterative stimulant to mucous membranes.
Masticatory [mas' tik-a-to-re) \_masticare, to Dose of the powder ^^ss-^:^] (2.0-4.0).
chew]. 1. Pertaining to mastication, or to Ext. matico fid. Dose f^ss-fgj (2.0-
the muscles of mastication. 2. A remedy to 4.0). Tinctura matico. Dose f;^] (4.0).
be chewed but not swallowed, used for its Matricaria [inat-rik-a' -re-ah) [matrix, mold].
local action on the mouth. M. Spasm, Cierman chamomile the flower-tops of Mat- ;
spasm of the muscles of mastication tris- ;

ricaria chamomilla, of the order Composite.
mus. Matricaria contains a volatile oil and a bitter
Mastitis [vias-fi'-tis] [/âorof, breast iriq, ;
extractive principle, and is a mild tonic, and
inflammation]. Inflammation of the breast. in large doses emetic and antispasmodic.
M., Interstitial, inflammation of the con- Matrix [ma'-triks) [L. a mold in which any- ,
nective tissue of the breast. M., Paren- thing is cast]. I. A mold the cavity in ;
chymatous, inflammation of the proper which anything is formed. 2. That part or

glandular substance of the breast. tissue into which any organ or process is set,
Mastodynia [mas -
to -
din' - e -
ah') [/mffrof, as the matrix of a tooth or of a nail. 3. The
breast; o'^/iv/, pain]. Pain in the breast. intercellular substance of a tissue, as of carti-
Mastoid [mas' -toid) [/âoTfif, breast, nipple; lage. 4. The uterus.
tIJof, Nipple-shaped, as the M.
like]. I. Maturation [mat-u-ra'-shun) [matnrare, to
process of the temporal bone. 2. The mas- Ripening, as the ripening of the ovum
ripen].
toid process. 3. Pertaining to the mastoid or of a cataract.
process, as M. foramen, M. operation. M. Mature [?na-tilr') [;//<;///;«/;, to ripen]. I. To
Abscess, an abscess of the mastoid cells. ripen. Ripe. 2.
M. Antrum, a cavity in the mastoid portion Matutinal [ma-tu'-tin-al] [A/atuta, goddess
of the temporal bone. M. Cells, the hollow of the morning]. Occurring in the morning,
air-spaces in the mastoid process communi- as M. nausea.
cating with the middle ear. M. Disease, Matzoon [mat'-ziln). Milk fermented with
inllammation of the mastoid cells, mastoid- a peculiar ferment obtained from Asiatic
itis. M. Foramen. .See Foramina, Table Turkey. It is used like koumiss in irritated
"^ states of the gastrointestinal tract.
. . .
Mastoiditis [tnastoid-i'-tis] [//nrrrof, nipple ;

Maxilla [maks-il'-ah) [L. ].
The bone of
f
/(lor, like iriq, inflammation].
;
Inflamma- the upper or lower jaw.
tion of the mastoid cells. Maxillary [males'- il
-
a -
re) \_ma.x-illa, jaw-
MAXIMAL MEDIASTINUM
bone]. Pertaining to the maxillae or jaws. ages into which the turbinal bones divide the
M. Bones, the bones of the jaws, consisting nasal cavity.
of the lower and upper jaw. M. Nerve, Mecca balsam. See Balm of Gilead.
Inferior. See jVerves, Table of. M. Nerve, Mechanic, Mechanical [me kau'- -
ik, me-
Superior. See iVfi-jes, Table of. M. Sinus, kan'-ik-al) [//7/,\ai7/,
a machine]. Pertaining
the antrum of Highmore in the superior to mechanics, or to physical forces, not to
maxilla. chemic or vital forces. M. Theory, Virchow's
Maximal [/;iaks^-i>?i-al) fw^.r/w/M, tlie great- theory of tumor-formation, according to which
est].
maximum highest;
Pertaining to the ;
tumors are due primarily to local irritation.
largest. M. Thermometer, one registering Mechanics {me - kan' - iks) [//;/j(n7/, a ma-
tliehighest point reached by the temperature. chine]. The science that treats of the influ-
Maximum {inaks'-im-twi) [L. neuter of ,
ence and effects of force upon matter, and that
ma.xi/inis, the greatest]. The greatest or may be divided into statics, the science treat-
highest degree or amount of anything the ; ing of matter at rest, and dynamics, that
highest point attained or attainaL)le by any- treating of matter in motion.
thing. M. Dose, the largest dose of a Mechanism {niek' -an-hvi) \_i-i7]xcivr], a ma-
medicament that may be safely given. chine]. I. An aggregation of parts arranged
May-apple. See Podophyllum. in a mechanic way to perform the functions
Mayhem [OF., mehaigner, to
iyina'-heni) of a machine. 2. The manner in which a
hurt]. Maiming. mechanic act is performed, as the M. of labor.
McBurney's Point. A point two inches Meckel's Diverticulum [I. F. Meckel, a
above the right anterior superior spine of the German anatomist]. See Diverticulum.
ilium on a line drawn from this spine to the M.'s Ganglion. See Gans;lia, Table of.
umbilicus, at which there is tenderness to Meconarcein {)iiek
-
o - nar'- se -
in) [////mji',
jjressure in many cases of appendicitis. opium; vaimwv, to benumb]. A mixture of
Meadow Saffron. See Colchiciini. alkaloids of opium, free from morphin, hav-
Measles (înez'-els) [Du. , tiiaselen, measles]. ing sedative properties.
I. An acute,
infectious disease, characterized Meconate {mek'-on-dt) [/</;/cwi', poppy]. A
by a peculiar eruption and by catarrhal inflam- salt of meconic acid.
mation of the mucosse of the conjunctiva and Meconic {fiiek-o)i'-ik) [,«^/cwt', poppy]. Per-
the air-pasages. After a period of incubation taining to opium. M. Acid. See Acid.
of nearly two weeks the disease begins with a Meconin [mek^ - on -
in) \îitikuv, poppy],
chill, fever, coryza, cough, and conjunctivitis; C,gH,uO^. A crystalline substance that is
on the third or fourth day a dusky-red, papular obtained on boiling narcotin with water. It
eruption appears, arranged in the form of is hypnotic. Dose i gr. (0.06).

crescentic groups. After having reached its Meconium {inek o'-ne-uni) \jirjKuv, poppy].
maximum, in three or four days, the eruption The first fecal discharges of the newborn,
gradually fades, and is followed by a branny a dark-green, viscid substance, composed of
desquamation. The disease affects princi- the secretion of the liver with exfoliated epi-
pally the young, is exceedingly contagious, thelium from the bowel.
and one attack of it confers almost perpetual Mediad [rue' -de-ad) \_medius, middle]. To-
immunity. Its cause is thought to be a bacil- ward the median plane or line.
lus (Bacillus of Canon and Pielicke). 2. A Medial [me'-de-al). See Median.
disease of hogs, cattle, and sheep, due to the Median {me'-de-aii) [tnedius, the middle].
presence in the body of the Cysticercus cel- Situated or placed in the middle mesal, or ;
lulosre and larvce of other tapeworms. 3. The mesial. M. Artery. See Arteries, Table of.
cysticerci themselves. M., Black., M., M. Nerve. ^Gt Nerves, Table of.
Hemorrhagic, a grave ^'ariety of measles Mediastinal {?ne - de - as - ti' - nal [mediasti- )
(1st def. ), in whicli the eruption is hemor- nu?>i~\. Pertaining to the mediastinum.
rhagic and the constitutional symptoms pro- Mediastinitis (wf de-as-tin-i' -lis) {inediasti-
found. M., German. See Rotheln. num; irig, inllammation]. Inflammation of
Measly [mez'-le) [Du. ??taselen, measles].
,
the cellular tissue of the mediastinum.
Containing measles (cysticerci). Mediastinopericarditis {me-de-as' -tin-o-per-
Meat {met) \_\'S. ,7/u'/e. meat]. The muscu- ik-ar-di' -tis) {^mediastinum 7rf/)/, around ; ;
lar tissues of an animal, used as food. Ka.fx'iin, heart;inflammation].

irig, Com-
Meatus {me-a'-tus) \^meare, to flow or pass]. bined inflammation of the mediastinum and
An opening or passage. M. auditoriusex- the pericardium.
ternus, the canal extending from the concha Mediastinum [me-de-as-ti' -niini) \in medio
to the memhrana tympani. M. auditorius stare, to stand in the middle]. I. parti- A
internus, the internal auditory canal. M. tion separating adjacent parts. 2. The s]iace
urethrae, M. urinarius, the orifice of the left in the middle of the chest between the
urethra. M. of Nose, one of the three pass- two jileurre, divided into the anterior, middle,
MEDIATE MEDULLITIS
posterior, and sujierior

mediastinum. an- The Clinic, iiic study of disease by the bedside of
terior M. contains the origins of the triangularis the patient. M., Forensic, or M,, Legal,
sterni muscles, the internal mammary vessels medical jurisjirudence, or medicine in its reia-
of the loose areolar tissue, lymphatic
left side, tion to questions of law, M,, Practice of, the
vessels, and a few lymphatic glands. The practical application of the principles taught
middle M. contains the heart and pericardi- by the Theory of M, M., Preventive, that
um, the ascending aorta, tlie superior vena which aims at the j^revention of disease,
cava, the bifurcation of the trachea, the pul- Medicochirurgical {nied-ik-o-ki-i-ur'-jik-al^
monary arteries and veins, and the phrenic \_inedicus, physician; ji'fz/'Wi'/jyof, a sur-
a
nerves. The posterior M. contains a part of geon]. Pertaining conjointly to medicine
the aorta, the greater and lesser azygos veins, and surgery.
the pneumogastric and splanchnic nerves, Medicolegal {jiwd -ik- o-le'-gal) \_iucdicus,
the esophagus, the thoracic duct, and some physician lex , law].
; Relating both to
lymphatic glands. The superior mediastinum, medicine and the law,
that part lying above the pericardium, con- Medicus [/nid^-ik-us) [L.]. A physician,
tains the origins of the sternohyoid and sterno- Medina Worm (w^- t//^-«rf/^ ),
'Ihe Fila-
thyroid muscles, and part of the longus colli ria medinensis,
muscles, the transverse portion of the aortic Mediolateral (jne-de-o-lat'-cr-al^ \_mediits,
arch, the iiuiominate, left carotid, and sub- middle latns, side].
; Pertaining to the mid-
clavian arteries, the superior vena cava and dle and to a side.
the innominate veins, the left superior Mediopontine {^me-de-o-pon' -tin) \_nii-diiis,
intercostal vein, the pneumogastric, car- middle; pons, bridge.] Pertaining to the
diac, phrenic, and left recurrent laryngeal central portion of the pons.
nerves, the trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, Mediterranean Fever [jncd-it-er-a' -ne-an).
the remains of the thymus gland, and lym- See J\Lilta Fever.
phatics. M. testis, a septum in the posterior Medium (ine'-de-iini) \_medhis, middle.] I.
portion of the testicle formed by a projection That in which anything moves or through
inward of the tunica albuginea. which it acts. 2, The soil upon which any-
Mediate [jne'-de-at^ \_mcdiu$, the middle]. thing grows, especially a substance used for
Indirect; peiformed through something in- cultivating bacteria ; culture or nutrient me-
terposed, as M. percussion, percussion on a dium.
pleximeter. Medulla {ine-dul' aJi) [L,, marrow], i. The
Medical [med'-ik-al) \mcderi, to heal]. Per- marrow. 2. The medulla oblongata. 3.
taining to medicine. M. Diseases, diseases Anything resembling marrow in structure or
treated by the physician, as distinguished in its relations to other —
as a fatty sub-
parts
from surgical diseases, M. Ethics, those stance or marrow occupying certain cavities.
principles of justice, honor, and courtesy that Also the central parts of certain organs, as
regulate the intercourse and conduct of distinguished from the cortex. M. of Nerve-
physicians, M, Jurisprudence, 'iee Juris- fiber, the white substance of Schwann.
/•rildfllce. See N'erve. M. oblongata, the upper en-
Medicament [i/ted-ik'-a»i-ent) \_meden, to larged part of the spinal cord, extending from
heal], A medicinal substance. the cord opposite the foramen magnum to the
Medicated [ntrd'-ik-a-ted^ [wtv/tv/, to heal]. pons Varolii. M. spinalis, the spinal cord
Impregnated with a medicinal substance. or marrow, M. of Kidney. See Kidney.
Medication [nit'd
-
ik -
a'- shitn) \_ineden, to Medullary [med'-ul-a-re) [;«^r/«/A?, marrow]
heal], Impregnation with a medicine.
I. I, Pertaining to the marrow; resembling
2, Treatment by medicines the administra- ;
marrow. 2, Pertaining to any medulla, as
tion of medicines. M,, Hypodermic, treat- that of the brain. 3. Pertaining to the medulla
ment by the introduction of medicines be- oblongata. M, Canal, the hollow interior of
neath the skin, usually by means of a hypo- long bones in which the marrow lies, M.
dermic syringe, •
Carcinoma, a soft carcinoma very rich in
Medicinal {îned-is'-'n-al^ \_niederi, to heal]. cells, M. Groove, a longitudinal groove at
Pertaining to, or .laving the nature of, a the anterior |:>art of the embryonal shield of
medicine. M. Rashes, eruptions on the the blastoderm. M. Rays. See Kidney.
skin following the internal administration of MeduUated {nied'-ul-ated) \înedn//ii. m2.r-
certain drugs. row]. Containing or covered by medulla or
Medicine (wi"rf'^-w-/«) \_inedicitia, medicine; marrow, M. Nerve-fibers, nerve-fibers
from /ih'di'ri, to heal]. I, Any suljstance ])rovided with a medullary sheath, the white
given for the cure of disease. science 2. The substance of .Sciiwann.
of the treatment of disease the healing art.; Medullitis {>ned-i/l-i'-/is') \_ineditlla, marrow;
In a restricted sense, that branch of the heal- LTn:, inflammation]. i. Inflammation of
ing art dealing with internal diseases, M., marrow. 2. Myelitis.
MEDULLIZATION MELANOCARCINOMA
Medullization [iiied-ul-iz-a^-shiiii') [medulla, Mel [L.]. Honey. The saccharine sub-
marrow]. Conversion into marrow, as the stance deposited in the honeycomb by the
softening of bone-tissue in the course of os- common honey bee. Apis mellifica, and a
teitis. few other hymenopterous insects. It contains
Mega-, Megalo- {iiteg'-ah-, nieg'-al-o-) a large amount of dextrose and levulose, and
[//^;«f, large].
A
prefix signifying large; has the same properties as sugar. In medi-
also, indicating a unit one million times as cine it is used as a vehicle, especially in gar-
great as the unit to which it is prefixed. gles, and as an application to foul ulcers. M.
Megacephalic, Megacephalous [nieg-ah- boracis (B. P.), is used as a mouth-wash in
scf-al'-ik, vieg-as-ef'-al-us) [/ze/wt,-, large ;
thrush and aphthje. M. despumatum,
Ke(pa7Jt, Large-headed applied to a
head]. ;
clarified honey. M. rosae,is used as an ad-
skull the capacity of which exceeds 1450 c.c. dition to gargles in ulcerated conditions of
Megaloblast {nteg'-al-o-b!ast ) large
[//f>«';, ;
the mouth and throat.
ft/aaroi;, germ]. A giant-corpuscle of the Melaena [niel-e' -nah). See Melena.
blood. Melanaemia {/nel-an-e'-ntc-a/i). See Melane-
Megalocephalic (jneg-al-o-sef-al' -ik). Same nija.
as Megacephalic. Melancholia, Melancholy {tnel
-
an- ko'-
Megalocephaly [meg-al-o-sef^-al-e) [fi'eya^, le-ali, f/iel'-an -
black
kol- e)
X^''^Vi [//f'/rtf, ;
large; ihum/ij, head]. I. The condition of bile]. A disorder of the mind characterized
2. A by a profound emotional depression, and a ten-
having a veiy large head. disease
characterized by progressive enlargement of dency toward introspection, impairment of
the head, face, and neck, involving both the the mental and physical faculties, with or
bony and the soft tissues. It is also termed without delusions. M. agitata, a form
leontiasis ossea. associated with excessive motor excitement.
Megalocornea (î)ieg-al
o-kor' -ne-ah^ \_iityar,
The patient rushes about, wringing his hands
large cornea, cornea].
;
An enlarged con- and lamenting loudly. M. attonita, or M.
dition of the cornea. with Stupor, or M., Stuporous a form in ;
Megalocyte {iiieg'-al-o-sif) large ;

[//ijaf, which the patient is perfectly motionless, lies
k'utoc, cell]. An abnormally large red blood- in bed or sits up with his eyes open and fixed,
corpuscle. and is absolutely indifferent to everything

Megalodactylous {»'eg
-
a! - o- dak' -
til-ns)
about him. M., Simple, M. without De-
\jikyaq,great; 6aK7v7,i)q, digit]. Having lirium, Hypomelancholia, a mild form
abnormally large fingers and toes. without delusions. M., Stuporous. See
Megaloglossia Uneg-al-o-glos' -e-aJi). See M. altonita.
Macroglossia. Melancholiac [viel an

ko'- le ak) \îiD.ac,
- - -
Megalomania [»teg-al-o-»ia'-ne-ali) [//ejaf, black; ;t'o/t/y, bile]. Suffering from melan-

I.
great ftavia, madness]. I. Mania character-

;
cholia. 2. A person affected with melan-
ized by delusions of grandeur. 2. The de- cholia.
lirium of grandeur. Melanemia {mel-an-e'-me-ah) [//fPirtf, black;
Megalopsia [incg-al-op' -se-aJi) [//fyaf, large; «)//«,blood]. The presence in the blood-
o'/''C) sight]. Adisturbance of vision in plasma or in the corpuscles, or in both, of
which objects seem larger than they are. dark pigment-granules due to the disintegra-
Megavolt tion of the hemoglobin. It is also termed
{7ueg'-alL-7'olt)\_iii:^nq,\wcgit; 7W/].
A million volts. hemachromatosis. Its most common cause is
Megohm {ineg'-ovi) [/;f)rtf, great ; o}tm\ malaria.
A million ohms. Melanephidrosis {>nel
-
an -
ef- id- ro' sis)
-
Megrim {nie'-gri>ii) [Fr., migraine^. See \_ftf/ac,

black ; ((pi6puai(;, excessive perspira-
Allgrahic. tion]. Black perspiration.
Meibomian [iiii-bo'-me-aii). Described by Melanin [mel'- an -
in) \_tu7jiq, black]. A
Heinrich Meibom, or Meibomius, a Ger- black pigmentary matter occurring naturally
man physician, 1638-1700. M. Cyst, a ia the choroid coat of the eye, the skin, the
cyst of the Meibomian gland. M. Glands, hair, the muscles, and, pathologically, in the
the sebaceous glands of the eyelids, each skin in Addison's disease and in melanotic
having an excretory duct opening at the free tumors. Melanin usually contains sulphur,
border. rarely iron. It is a product of cell-activity and
Meio- [ini'-o-').
For words thus beginning belongs to the so-called metabolic pigments.
see Mio-. Melanism (w^'/^-^^/w-Zsw) [//i/nr, black].
The
Meissner {/lus'-ner) [a German scientist]. abnormal deposition of dark pigment in an
M., Corpuscles of. Tactile corpuscles situ- organ or organism.
ated at the apices of the papilliK of thecoriuni. 1A&\2inozzxz'\.ViOvs\z.[iiiel an-o-kar-sin-o' -mah)
M., Plexus of, a plexus of nerves found in [/«'/.flf,
lilack KapKivor, crab
; o/ia, tumor]. ;
the submucous layer of the small intestine. A carcinoma containing melanin.

MELANODERMA MEMBRANE
Melanoderma, Melanodermia \incl-an-o- Melitagra (me/-it-a'-g>-ah)[^/jt?u, honey &ypa,;
der'-ntah, mcl - an -
o -
der' -me -
ah) \jik'kar, seizure]. Eczema associated with the forma-
black dkpiîa, skin].
;
IJlack pigmentation tion of honey-like crusts.
of the skin. M., Parasitic. See Vaga- Melitemia [jnel-it-e'-me-ah) \_id'Ai, honey ;
bond's Disease. aifia,blood]. The presence of an excess of

Melanoid [tnel' -an-oid)\_nDMc, hâ.ck; e/rfof, sugar in the blood.
like]. Dark-colored; resembling melanosis. Melitose (jnel' -it-os) [^/li/ii, honey], CjgHjj-
Melanoma {tnel-an-o' -maJt) \_ui:'kM, black ; Ojg -f- 5^^2^^- A
crystalline sugar occurring
()//«, tumor].
A tumor containing melanin. in Australian manna, flour of cotton-seeds,
Melanopathy [nicl- an- op'
-
atJi-e) [//fA«f, sugar-beets, and in the molasses obtained in
black -ador, illness].
;
A disease attended the manufacture of sugar.
with a deposit of dark pigment. Melituria [inel it-u' re
- - -
afi) \_fit:'Ai, honey;
Melanorrhagia (jnel an-oj--a' -je-aJi) [/ztAnf, iirina, urine]. M. in-
Diabetes mellitus.
black; pip/vb pat, to burst forth]. The copi- osita, the presence of inosite in the urine.
ous discharge of blackened feces. Mellite {mel'-it). ^tQ Mellitiim.
Melanosarcoma (w^/ an o sar ko' ?nah)
- - - - -
Mellithemia {jnel-ith-e'-me-ah). See Mel-
[/zfAaf, black; cap^, flesh; o/m, tumor]. itemia.
A sarcoma containing melanin. Mellitum - -
(jnel i' turn) \_mel, honey]. In
Melanosis {i)iel - an -o'-sis) [//fAaf, black; pharmacy, a honey, a preparation in which
vdffof disease]
,
A general tendency to the
.
honey is the menstruum. M. rosae. See
formation in the blood, and the deposition in Rlel j'osee.
organs, of a dark granular pigment which is Melon-seed Bodies. Fibrous bodies, resem-
usually derived from the hemoglobin of the liling melon-seeds in size, sometimes found in
blood. M. lenticularis progressiva. See joints and cysts of tendon-sheaths.
Xeroderma pigmentosum. Meloplasty (jneF-o-pIas-te) [jifflov,
cheek ;
Melanotic \mel - an - of -
ik) [//fP.rar,
black ; Tr'Xaaasiv, to form]. A plastic operation on
v6aoq, disease]. Pertaining to or character- the cheek.
ized by melanosis or by a deposit of melanin. Melting Point. The degree of temperature
Melanuria [mel-an-u' -re-ak) [/ie/iaf, black ;
at which solids pass into the liquid state.
iiri)ia, urine]. The presence of black pig- Member [mem'-ber) [mem/'rum, a limb]. A
ment in the urine. part of the body, especially a projecting part,
Melasma [mel-az'-maJi) [/^tvlrtc, black]. A as the leg, the arm.
deposit of dark pigment in the skin. M. Membrana {^mem-bra' -7iaJi') [L. ]. A mem-
suprarenale, Addison's disease. brane. M. adventitia, the adventitia of
Melena [mel-e'-naJi) [/^fAar, black]. The blood-vessels; also, the decidua reflexa. M.
discharge of stools colored black by altered agnina, the amnion. M. basilaris. .See
blood. It is quite common in the new-born. Lamina M. caduca, the decidua.
basilaris.
M. neonatorum, an extravasation of blood M. capsularis, a capsular ligament. M.
into the stomach and intestines of the new- decidua. See Decidua. M. flaccida. See
born infant, occurring most often in the first Alembrane, ShrapnelF s. M. germinativa,
few hours of life. the blastoderm. M. granulosa, the layer of
Melezitose {mel-ez' if-ds) [Fr., meleze,\^rch'\, small polyhedral cells within the theca folli-
C,gH.j.,n||, -\- 2H2O. A sugar found in Eu- culi of the Graafian follicle. M. limitans,
ropean false manna, or Briangon manna. the limiting layer of the retina. There are
Melicera, Meliceris [mel-is-e'-rah, mel-is-e'- two, the internal and external. M. propria,
ris) [//f/l/, honey Kf/p6g, wax].
;
A cyst the delicate membrane upon which the epi-
containing a substance having a honey-like thelium of mucous membranes rests the ;
appearance. basement-meml)rane. M. ruyschiana, the

Melilotus [mel-il-o' -tils') [//f^/, honey; 7.u-6c, middle or capillary layer of the choroid. M.
lotus]. A
genus of leguminous herbs. M. serotina. The part of the decidua enter-
officinalis, the sweet clover, is official in the ing into the formation of the placenta. M.
G. P. It contains coumarin, CyHgO.^, and tectoria. A delicate membrane of tlie inter-
melilotic acid, CyHjÔg, coumaric acid, C^- nal ear, also known as Corti's membrane.
H„0.,, of which coumarin is the anhydrid. See Ear. M. tensa, the tympanic mem-
Melilot is used but little at the present day. brane proper, exclusive of Shrapnell's mem-
Melissa [mel-is'-ah) [idTiiaaa, a bee]. A brane. M. tenuis, the arachnoid. M.
genus of labiate plants. The leaves and tops tympani. See Membrane, Tympanic.
of M. officinalis, balm or lemon-balm, is the Membranaceous {mem-bran-a' -ce-us) [mem-
Melissa of the U. S. P., which contains tan- brana, membrane]. Pertaining to, consisting
nin, a bitter extractive, and an essential oil. of, or of the nature of, a membrane.
Balm is used as a drink in febrile affections, Membrane [mem' -bran) [men/bra na, from
and as a flavoring agent. viembruin, member]. A thin layer of tissue
MEMBRANE MENINGITIS
surrounding a part or separating adjacent which the membrane produces pus. M. of

cavities. M., Animal, a membrane made Reissner, a delicate membrane stretching
from animal tissues, used in dialyzing. M., across the outer wall of the cochlea. M..
Basement-, a delicate meml)rane, made up Reticular, the membrane covering the space
of Hattened cells, underlying the epithelium of of the outer hair-cells of the cochlea. M.
mucous surfaces. M.-bone, any bone that of Ruysch. See Meniiira/ia ruyschiana.
originates, not in cartilage, but
in membrane, M., Schneiderian, the mucosa lining the
as, e.g., some of the cranial bones. M. nasal fossa;. M., Secondary Tympanic,
of Bruch, a thin transparent membrane, the membrane closing the fenestra rotunda.
the external layer of the choroid of the M., Serous, a delicate membrane covered
eye. M. of Corti. 'Sq^ Membrana tectoria . with flat endothelial cells lining closed
M., Costocoracoid, a dense layer of fascia cavities of the body, e.g., the peritoneum,
extending between the subclavius muscle and the pleura. M., Shrapnell's, a small
the pectoralis minor, and forming the anterior portion of the drum -membrane filling the
portion of the sheath of the axillary vessels.
notch of Rivini. M., Synovial, a mem-
M., Cricothyroid, the membrane connecting brane covering the articular extremities
the thyroid and cricoid cartilages of the of bones and the inner surface of liga-
larynx. M., Croupous. See J/., Diph- ments entering into the fomiation of a joint.
theric. M., Debove's, a layer of flat- M., Tenon's. See Tenon's Capsule. M.,
tened connective tissue cells beneath the Thyrohyoid, the membrane joining the thy-
epithelium of the bronchial, vesical, and
roid cartilage and hyoid bone. M., Tym-
intestinal mucous membranes. M. of Des- panic, the drum-membrane the membrane ;
cemet. See Descemefs JMembrane. M., separating the external from the middle ear.
Diphtheric, a fibrinous layer formed on a It consists of three layers an outer or skin-
:
mucous membrane or cutaneous surface and layer, a fibrous layer, and an inner mucous
extending downward for a variable depth. layer.
When not firmly adherent, as in the larynx, Membranous {mem'-bran-tis) \jne!)ibrana,
it is termed a croupous membrane. It is the membrane]. Pertaining to, having the na-
result of coagulation-necrosis, generally, but ture of, or consisting of a membrane. M.
not always, brought about by the bacillus of Labyrinth. See Labyrinth. M. Urethra,
diphtheria. M., Drum, the tympanic mem- the part of the urethra between the two layers
brane. M., False. See M., Diphtheric. of the triangular ligament.
M., Fenestrated, the elastic membrane of Memory That
[tnetn' -o-rc) [w^wt?;-, mindful].
the intima of arteries, also known as the fe- faculty of the mind by which ideas and sen-
nestrated membrane of Henle. M., Fetal, sations are recalled.
name given to the chorion, amnion, or Menarche [inen'-ar-ka^ [wî', month ; apxVt
allantois. M., Hyaloid, a delicate mem- beginning]. The period at which menstru-
brane investing the vitreous humor of the ation is inaugurated.
eye. M., Jacob's, the layer of rods and Menhidrosis, Menidrosis [men-hid-ro^-sis,
cones of the retina. M., Krause's, a thin, men - id ro' - sis) l_/J.i/v, month
-
"u'ipuai^, ;
transverse, dark disc bisecting the light sub sweat]. The replacement of the menstrual
stance of the striped muscle-fibers. M., Mu- flow by a bloody sweat.
cous, the membrane lining those cavities and Meniere's Disease [nien-e-ar'). See Dis-
canals communicating with the air. It is eases, Table of.
kept moist by the mucus secreted by the gob- in^-je al) [,«//iv}f, mem-
-
Meningeal {men -
let-cells and mucous glands. M. of Nas- brane]. Pertaining to the meninges.

myth, a delicate firm membrane covering Meninges [mett-in' -jez) [pi. of fit'/viyS, mem-
the external surface of the enamel for a short brane]. The membranes covering the brain
time after birth. M., Nictitating, the wink- and spinal cord, and consisting of the dura,
ing membrane of the lower animals, repre- pia, and arachnoid.
sented in the human eye by the plica semi- Meningitic {meti injit^-ih) \^/uf/viy^,
mem-
lunaris. M., Obturator, the fibrous membrane ; inflammation].
iTir, Pertaining to, or
brane closing the oliturator foramen. M., affected with, meningitis.
Persistent Pupillary. See M., Pttpillary. Meningitis [men-in-ji'-tis) [/iF/ny^, mem-
M., Pupillary, a delicate, transparent membrane; inflammation]. Inflammation of
ir^f,
brane closing the pupil in the fetus. It disap- the membranes of the brain or cord that of ;
pears between the seventh and eighth months; the dura is termed pachymeningitis, that of
when it persists after birth it is termed per- the pia-arachnoid, leptomeningitis, or simply
sistent pupillary membrane. M., Pyogenic, meningitis. Meningitis of the membranes
the lining of an abscess-cavity or a fistulous of the brain is classified into acute and
tract. The term should be restricted to the chronic, the former being subdivided into
lining of an abscess that is spreading and in serous and purulent, the latter into fibrous,
MENINGOCELE MENSURATION
ossifying, and deep, or encephalomening- Meningosis {men-in-go^-sis) [/lyviy^, mem-
itis. According to location, two varieties brane]. The union of bones by a membran-
—
axe spoken of that of the vertex and that ous attachment.
of the base. M., Acute Cerebral, is due Meninx {nien'-ingks) \_^nivLy^, membrane]. A
to traumatism, to extension of inflam- membrane, especially one of the brain or
mation from adjacent structures, especi- spinal cord.
ally from the middle ear, the orbit, the Meniscus {me n -is' -k us) [/niviaKot;, a cres-
nasal sinuses, or to tuberculosis (Tubercu- cent]. A crescent or crescentic body, espe-
lous M.) ;
it
may be secondary to acute in- cially an interarticular fibrocartilage. Also
fectious processes elsewhere in the body, as a concavoconvex (Positive M.) or convexo-
pneumonia, erysipelas, typhoid fever, influ- concave lens (Negative M.).
enza, small pox, or it may be a primary dis- Menispermum [mcji - is -per' - mum) [w'/r;/,
ease, as in Cerebrospinal M. The symjjtoms moon ; aiziipfia, seed]. Yellow parilla ;
are fever, slow pulse, later rapid pulse, head- Canadian moonseed. The rhizome and
roots
ache, delirium, rigidity and retraction of the of M. canadense, of the order Menispermacese.
neck, convulsions, vomiting, a scaphoid ab- It contains an alkaloid, menispin, and berberin.
domen, constipation, optic neuritis; in ad- It is alterative and is used as a substitute for
vancetl stages various palsies, such as ptosis, sarsaparilla. Ext. menispermi fid. Dose
squint, facial paralysis. In epidemic cerebro- f^ss-j (2.0-4.0).
spinal M. there is usually a characteristic erup- Menocelis {)nen-o-se'-lis) l_fJ.r/v, month; mfkiq,
tion, Exantkejnata, Table of. M., Acute
'see spot]. Dark erythematous or hemorrhagic
Spinal, may occur in tuberculosis, as a sec- spots occurring upon the skin in failure of
ondary process in acute infectious diseases, menstruation.
such as small-pox, scarlet-fever, pneumonia, Menopause {men'-o-pawz) \_in]v,
month ;
as a part of epidemic cerebrospinal menin- irahatg, cessation].The physiologic cessa-
gitis, as the result of extension of inflammation of menstruation, usually occurring be-
tion from neighboring parts, and as the re- tween the 45th and 5°*^^ year.
sult of exposure to cold and wet. The symp- Menoplania {men-o-pla^-ne-ah)\_/ii/v, month;
toms are chill, fever, pain in the back and deviation].
n'/.avi], A
discharge of blood
limbs, rigidity of the muscles, dyspnea, exag- occurring at the menstrual period, but derived
gerated reflexes, later paralyses. M., Chronic from some other part of the body than the
Cerebral, is due to syphilis, tuberculosis, or uterus.
may be associated with disease of the brain in Menorrhagia {men-or-a'-je-ah) \_pjv, month ;
encephalomeningitis (paretic dementia). The p/p/v'vvai, to burst forth]. An excessive men-
main symptoms are, in the first two, head- strual flow.
ache, convulsions, and rigidity of the muscles Menorrhea [men-or-e'-ali) [fifiv, month;
of the neck. M., Chronic Spinal, is due to pola, a flow]. The normal
flow of the men-
syphilis, traumatism, and the excessive use ses. Also, excessive menstruation.
of alcohol. It is also frequently an accompani- Menostasia, Menostasis {meu-os-ta'-ze-ah,
ment of the scleroses of the spinal cord. The mcii-os'-tas-is) \j.ujv, month a-aau^, stand- ;
symptoms are pain, hyperesthesia along the ing] . A

suppression of the menstrual flow.
spinal nerves, increased reflexes, paralyses. Menses [meti^-sez) \_n1e71sis, a month]. The
Meningocele [men-in^ -go-set) \jifjviyS,,
mem- recurrent monthly discharge of blood from the
brane; Kifkri, tumor]. A
protrusion of the genital canal of a woman during sexual life.
cerebral or spinal meninges through a defect Menstrual {men' stru al)
-
\_/nenstruus,
-
in the skull or vertebral column. It forms a monthly, from mensis, month]. Pertaining
cyst filled with cerebrospinal fluid. to menstruation.
Meningocerebritis {iiien-in-go-ser-e-bri'-lis). Menstruation {men stru a' shun) \^mcn-
- - -
See Meningoencephalitis. stmus, monthly, from mensis, month]. A

Meningoencephalitis [rnen-in-go-en-sef-al- periodic discharge of a sanguineous fluid from
i'
-tis) memlirane encephalitis'^. In-
[//'/I'/};:, ;
the uterus, occurring during the period of a
flammation of the brain and its membranes. woman's sexual activity, from puberty to the
Meningomyelitis {men in- go lui-el- i'-tis) - -
menopause. M., Vicarious, the discharge
[//Î'^yf. membrane myelitis^. Inflammation
;
of blood at the time of menstruation from
of the spinal cord and its meninges. some other organ or part than the vagina.
Meningomyelocele {inen-in-go-iiii'-el-o-sel') Menstruum (wi7/^-,v//7/-//w)[from menstruus,
[,"'/'''}'?!
membrane ; jivfJatr, marrow ; Ktfkri, monthly, so called because its action was
tumor]. A protrusion from the spinal col- supposed to be assisted by a moderate fire
umn of a jwrtion of the cord and membranes. during a month, or because chemic solvents
Meningorrhachidian (rnen-in-go-7-ak-id' -e- were thought to be under the influence of the
crn) ["7iv)f, membrane; pdxiQ, spine]. Re- moon]. A solvent.
lating to the spinal meninges. Mensuration {men-sura' -shun) [mensurare,
MENTAGRA MERCURY
to measure]. The act of measuring one of ;
Mercurial {ûier-ku'-re-nl) [mercury\ I.
the methods of physical diagnosis. Pertaining to or caused by mercury. 2. Any
Mentagra {nwn-ta'-grah'). See Sycosis. preparation of mercury or its salts.
Mentagrophyton {tiien-tag-roff'-it-o>i) \jnen- Mercurialism (vierku'-re-al-izni) [iMercu-
tagra, sycosis; foTov, plant]. fungus, A riiis,a Latin divinity, the god of traffic]. A
microsporon mentagrophytes, thought to be state of poisoning due to the absorption of
the cause of sycosis. mercury.
Mental (j)u->i' -tal) \_)nens, the mind ;
7nen- Mercurialization {tiier-ktt-re-al-iz-a'-sJiiin)
tuDi, tlie
chin]. Pertaining to
I. the mind. \_Mt>ruriiis, a Latin divinity, the god oi
2. Pertaining to the chin. traffic] . The act of bringing under the in-
Mentha [tnen' -thah) [L.]. genus of labi- A fluence of mercury.
ate plants, the mints. M. piperita, pepper- Mercuric {i/ier/cu'-rik) \^Mercurius, a Latin
mint, the leaves and tops of M. piperita. divinity,the god of traffic]. Pertaining to
It is an aromatic stimulant used to relieve mercury as a bivalent element.
nausea, flatulence, and spasmodic pains in Mercuricum (j)icr-ku'-rik-um') \mercttry'\.
the stomach and bowels. Aqua menthae Mercury when acting as a bivalent radicle.
piperitae. Dose indefinite. Oleum men- Mercurosum [>/ier-ku-ro'-sii»i) [înerciay'].
thae piperitae. Dose tr^j-v (0.065-0.32). Mercury when acting as a univalent radicle.
Spiritus menthae piperitae. Dose n\_x-xxx Mercury {mur' -ku-re) \^Mercurins, a Latin
(0.65-2.0). Trochisci menthae piperitae. divinity, thegod of traffic]. Symbol, Ilg;
Dose indefinite. Mentha viridis, spear- atomic weight, 199.8; quantivalence, 11. A
mint, the leaves and tops of M. viridis. shining, silver-white, liquid, volatile metal,
It has projierties and uses similar to those of having a specific gravity of 13.55. ^^ '^ in-
peppermint. Aqua menthae viridis. Dose soluble in the ordinary solvents, in hydrochlo-
indefinite. Oleum menthae viridis. Dose ric acid, and in sulphuric acid in the cold it ;
T(\îj-v (0.13-0.32). Spiritus menthae viri- dissolves in the last when boiled with it, and
dis. Dose TTLx-xl (0.65-2.3). is readily soluble in nitric acid. It boils at
Menthene [tncn'-t/ien) \_i/ieiitha, mint], 357.25° C., and solidifies at
—
39.40°C. Mer-
C,qH,j,. a liquid hydrocarbon produced cury is found pure, but is chiefly obtained as
when menthol is distilled with phosphorus the native sulphid, or cinnaliar. It forms
pentoxid. two classes of compounds— the Mercurous,

Menthol i>icn' -thol^\_tne7itJia mint] ,C[(,Hj,pO.
( ,
those in which two atoms of the metal, and
Mint-camphor, a crystalline stearopten de- the Mercuric, those in which one atom, is
rived from oil of jieppermint, and used as an combined with a bivalent radicle. The mer-
anodyne and rubefacient in neuralgia, in skin- curic salts are more soluble and more]>oison-
diseases associated with itching, antl in rhinitis. ous than the mercurous. The uses of mercury
Mentoanterior [jnen-to-an-te'-re-or') \_ntcn- and its salts are as follows As a purgative
:
tuiii, chin; anterior, before]. Having the and cholagogue (calomel, blue mass, mercury
chin toward the front. with chalk), as an alterative in chronic in-
Mentoposterior [men-to-pos-te^-re-or) [/iicn- flammations, as an antisyphilitic, an anti]>hlo-
tmn, z\\\\\; posterior, after, behind]. Having gistic, an intestinal antiseptic, a disinftctant,
the chin toward the back. a parasiticide, a caustic, and an astriiiL;ent.
Mentum [iiien'-tuni) [L.]. The chin. The absorption of mercury in sufficient quan-
Menyanthes {jnen-e-an'-thez) \ji.iiv,
month ; tity causes poisoning, characterized by a cop-
avOoc,, flower, from reputed emmenagogue
its
pery taste in the mouth, ptyalism, loosening
properties]. A genus of plants of the Gen- of the teeth, sponginess of the gums in se- ;
tianacei^. M. trifoliata, buckbean. It con- verer cases, ulceration of the cheeks, necrosis
tains a bitter princijile,
menyanthin (C-^H,;,,- of the jaws, marked emaciation at times ;
Ojj), and has been used in malaria, scrofula, neuritis develops, and a peculiar tremor. The
dropsy, jaundice, rheumatism, etc. Dose of soluble salts when taken in excess act as in-
the powdered leaves, gr. xx-xxx (l. 3-2.0). tense gastrointestinal irritants. Metallic mer-
Mephitic [mef-it'-ik) \_tnepliitis,
a pestilential cury is present in the following jireparations :
exhalation]. Foul or noxious ; stifling; noi- Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrar-

some. M. Gangrene, necrosis of bone, as- gyro, is used to
disperse indolent swellings,
sociated With the evolution of offensive odors. and applied over the liver in chronic hepati-
is
Meralgia {juer-aV -jeaK) [,u7?/>6f, thigh; dljof, tis. Emplastrum hydrargyri, mercurial
]iain]. Neuralgic pain in the thigh. jilaster, has the same uses as the preceding.
Mercaptan [iiicr-kdp' -tan) [iiierairitis, mer- Hydrargyrum cum creta, mercury with
cury captans, seizing, on account of com-
; chalk. v-^^ss (0.32-2.0). Massa
Dose gr.
bining readily with mercury]. A derivative hydrargyri, blue mass, blue pill. Dose gr.
of an alcohol in which the oxygen of the lat- iij (0.20). Unguentum hydrargyri, mer-
ter is
replaced by sulphur. curial ointment, blue ointment. Supposi-
MERCURY MESENCIIYMA
toria hydrargyri (IJ. P.). Each contains ammoniated mercury ;
white precipitate ;
5 grains of uiiguentum hydrargyri. Hydrar- mercuric ammonium chlorid. It is used

gyri benzoas, Hg(tV,H5Co'()),, 1I,(), + chiefly locally, in Unguentum hydrargyri
used in injection in gonorrhea. Hydrargyri ammoniati.
bromidum, lig.,lir.,,
inercurous bromid. Meridian [mcr-id' -e-aii) \_mcridies, midday,
Dose gr. j (o.o6s)" da'ily. Hydrargyri car- from inedius, middle; dies, day]. A great
bolas, Hg(C6H5( l)ose,gr. '/^-V. (0.02- circle surrounding a sphere and intersecting
)).,.
0.032). Hydrargyri chloridum corro- the poles. M. of the eye, a line drawn
sivum, HgCl.^, mercuric chlorid ; corrosive
around the globe of the eye and passing
subHmate. Dose, as a tonic, gr. j^^-^^ through the poles of the vertical axis (Verti-
as an antisyphihtic, gr. cal M.), or through the poles of the trans-
(0.0006-G.ooii) ;
It is also a valuable verse axis (Horizontal M.).

î^_î^ (0.00 1 1-0.003).
antiseptic. Hydrargyri chloridum mite, Merismopedia [i/ter-is-mo-pe'-de-a/t) \_iifpin-
Hg.^Clj, mild mercurous chlorid;
calomel. fioc, division; 7ra/f, child]. A bacterium
Dose, as an alterative, gr. ;^-j (0.032- multiplying by two rectangular divisions,
0.065) ; as a sedative to the stomach and thus forming a tablet-like group of four cells
bowels, gr. (0.008-0.016) ; as a pur-
yg-X in one plane.
cttto-
gative, gr. ^X-fi (0.016-0.032) every hour; Merispore [tner' -is-por^ [/ifpof, part ;
or gr. v-xv (0.32-1.0). Added to lime- poq, seed]. A spore resulting from division
to Oj, it forms lotio nigra, or black of another spore.
water, j 3
wash. Hydrargyri cyanidum, IIg(CN)2. Meroblastic [incr-o-ldas'-tik) \_fiipoq, apart;
Dose, gr. xV>8 (0.004-0.008). Hydrargyri a germ].
fi'Aaaro^, Dividing only in part;
et zinci cyanidum, Zn^Hg(CN),(,, is used as M. ova, those in which the process of seg-
locally as an antiseptic. Hydrargyri iodidum

mentation is confined to one portion of the
flavum, llg.Jj) yellow mercurous iodid ;
ovum.
yellow (or green) iodid of mercury ; pro- Merocele {iner'-o-sel) \^firfp6g, thigh; K^?i?i,
toiodid of mercury. Dose, gr. ss

(0.033) hernia]. Femoral hernia.
Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum, Hgl2, Merycism rumi-
daily.
red mercuric iodid biniodid of mercury.
; nation].
[nier'-is-izni)
Rumination; chewing the cud,
[firjpvKicf-idg,
— a
Dose, gr. yV~X (0.004-0.016). It is used normal process in the ruminating animals,
also in preparing Liquor arseni
hydrar- et and sometimes occurring in man.
gyri iodidi Dose
(Donovan's solution). Mesad [/lies' -ad) [//fcror, middle; ad, to].
lT\^v (0.32). Hydrargyri iodotannas, is Toward the median line or plane.
used hypodermically. Hydrargyri oxycy- Mesal [iiu's'-a/) [///ffor, the middle].
Per-
anidum, Hg.20(CN)2, is a local anesthetic. taining to or situated in the middle line or
Hydrargyri oxidum flavum, HgO, yellow plane.
mercuric oxid, is used locally in eye-diseases. Mesameboids {iiies-ti/n-e^-boids) [/.daor,
mid-
It enters into Unguentum hydrargyri dle ;
a
change; el(hg, shape]. I.
aiiniS/},
oxidi flavi and Oleatum hydrargyri. Hy- Nonepithelial ameboid cells derived from the
oxidum rubrum, HgO, red mer- mesoderm. 2. The leukocytes.
drargyri
curic oxid, red precipitate, is used locally. Mesaraic [mes - ar - a'- ik) [wedof middle , ;
It enters into Unguentum hydrargyri oxidi apntd, belly]. Mesenteric.

rubri, and is also used in preparing Liquor Mesarteritis [tnes-ar-tei'-i' -tis) [///(Tof, mid-
hydrargyri nitratis. Unguentum hy- dle apT^pia, artery; iTig, inflammation].
;
drargyri nitratis, citrine ointment, is used in Inflammation of the middle coat of an artery.
chronic skin-diseases. Unguentum hy- Mesaticephalic [iiies-at-e-sef-al' -ik"). See
drargyri nitratis dilutum (B. P.), is less irri- Index.
tant. Hydrargyri peptonas, is used hypoder- Mesaticephalus {mes-at-e-sef -al-us) [yU£(T(5-
mically. Hydrargyri persulphas (B. P.), Ti]c, median ; KeipaT-J], head]. In craniome-
HgS04, has no medical uses. Hydrargyri try, a term applied to a skull having a ce-
salicylas. Dose, gr.^ (o. 001). Hydrargyri phalic index of between 75 and 79.
sozojodolicum (CpH2l2(OH)SO.,),^Hg, is Mesencephalon [mes-en-sef'-al-07i) [//fdof,
used locally as an alterative. Hydrargyri middle; eyKe(pa?iov, the brain]. The mid-
subsulphas flavus, Hg(HgO)2S04, yellow brain that part of the brain developed from
;
mercuric subsulphate basic mercuric sul- ;

the middle cerebral vesicle the corpora ;
phate turpeth mineral.

; Dose, as an altera- quadrigemina, the crura cerebri, and the
tive, gr. X~y^ (0.016-0.032) as an emetic, ; aqueduct of Sylvius.
gr. ij-v (0.13-0.32); as an errhine, gr. j Mesenchyma (mes
-
eng'- kim -
ah) [//frrof,
(0.065). Hydrargyri succinimidum (C,IIj- middle; an infusion].

frji'/za, The portion
02N)2Hg, is used hypodermically. Hy- of the mesoderm that produces all the con-
drargyri tannas. Dose, gr. iij (0.20) daily. nective tissues of the body, the bloodvessels,
Hydrargyrum ammoniatum, NHjHgCl, and the blood, the entire lymphatic system
MESENTERIC METABASIS
proper, and the heart ;

the nonepithehal Mesogastrium {nies-o-gas' -tre-tim) [//ftrof,
I. The umbilical
portions of the mesoderm. middle; jaar^p, stomach].
Mesenteric [mes en - -
tcr^- ik) ^/itGcvrepiKOc;, region of the abdomen. 2. fold of mesen- A
from f-icaoQ, middle; evrepov, intestine]. Per- tery that in early fetal life connects the
taining to the mesentery. stomach with the posterior abdominal wall.
Me^senteritis [//t'ffor, mid-
[i/ifs-en-tt-r-i'-tis) Mesognathic {^nies-og- na' -thik) \_ui:aoc,
dle ;
an intestine itu:, inflamma-
li'Tcpov, ; middle ; yvdQoq, jaw]. I.
Relating to the
tion]. Inflammation of the mesentery. mesognathion. 2. See Index.
Mesenteron {tjies-en'-ter-ori) [/uecor, middle ; Mesognathion -
og na'- the on) [//f'ffor,
-
{tnes
-
evTEpov, intestine]. The middle portion of middle; yvddoQ, jaw]. The intermaxillary
the primitive digestive tube, lined by ento- bone.
derm, and giving rise to the part of the ali- Mesolobe, Mesolobus {mes'- o
-
lob, rues -
mentary tract between the pharynx and the (V'-('-/'//.v) [//ffTor,

middle ; /,oy3of, lobe]. The
lower third of the rectum. corpus callosum.
Mesentery [fines' en - ter - e) [/ifffof, middle;
-
Meson {»tes'-on) [//fffoc, the middle]. The
IvTipov, bowel]. A fold of the peritoneum imaginary plane dividing the body into the
that connects the intestine with the posterior right and left halves.
abdominal wall that of the small intestine is
; Mesonephric [mes-o-nef'-j-ik) \_iunoc, middle ;
termed mesentery proper; that of the colon, vE(pp6Q,kidney]. Pertaining to the meso-
cecum, and rectum, mesocolon, mesocecum, nephron.
mesorectum, respectively. Mesonephros {nies-o-ncf'-ros) [/yfcof, mid-
Mesiad {nies' -e-ad) [/iicrof, middle]. Same dle; vsc^poq, kidney]. The Wolffian body,
as Mcsad. the middle division of the segmental organs.
Mesial [mes^-e-al) [jitaog, middle]. Same It precedes in the embryo the development of
as AleJian. the permanent kidney.
Mesmeric [mes-mer'-ik) [from Mesmer, a Mesonephron {t?ies-o-nef'-ron) [//wof, mid-
German physician]. Pertaining to or induced dle rtopvr, kidney].
;
A
fold of peritoneum
by mesmerism, as mesmeric sleep. by which a floating kidney is attached to the
Mesmerism (fines' -mcr-ism) \_Mesmer, a Ger- abdominal wall.
man physician]. Hypnotism. Mesophryon (nies-off'-re-on) [/zfdof, middle ;
Meso- \mes'-o-) [/ietrof, middle]. A prefix bippi'C, eyebrow]. glabella. The

signifying middle. Mesorchium (nies-or' -ke-nni) [//frror, mid-
Mesoblast (mes'- o
-
blast) [/zftrof, middle ; tile ; hpxi<l. testicle]. A fold of the perito-
/ÎnoTof, a germ]. The middle

layer of the neum containing the fetal testes at about the
blastoderm, probably derived from both the fifth month of embryonic life.
ectodenn and entoderm, and giving rise to Mesorectum (mes-o-rek' -tutu) [///ffof, mid-
the vascular, muscular, and skeletal systems, dle rectus, straight].
;
The narrow fold of
the generative glands, and the kidneys. the peritoneum connecting the upper part of
Mesocsecum or Mesocecum {mes-o-se' -kuni) the rectum with the sacrum.
\_uiiaor,
middle ; clCchs, blind]. The mesen- Mesoretina {mes-o-ret'-in-ah) [/^trrof, mid-
tery that in some cases connects the cecum dle; retina, retina]. The middle layer of
with the right iliac fossa. the retina, composed of the nuclear and the
Mesocele [ines'-o-xel) [/iicof, middle ; Koi/ia, rod-and-cone layer.
cavity]. The aqueduct
of Sylvius or iter a Mesosigmoid (mes-o-sig'-moid) [///ffof, mid-
tertio ad quartum ventriculum. dle ; sigma f/ffef, form].
(T/;,wrt, ;
The mes-
Mesocephalon [iiics-o-sef'-al-on). See Pons entery of the sigmoid flexure of the colon.
Varolii. Mesosternum (vics-o-stcr'-mini) [//fcro(,-, mid-
Mesocolic {mes-o-kol'-ik) [//ftrof, middle ;
dle urepvov, the sternum].
;
The gladiolus,
K<j/ov, colon]. Pertaining to the mesocolon. or second piece of the sternum.
Mesocolon (t7ies-o-ko'-lon) [//fcrnc, middle; Mesothelium (ines-o-the' le-tivi) [/êaof, mid-
Ko'kov, colon]. The mesentery connecting dle ;tttfti], the nipple]. The lining of the
the colon with the posterior abdominal wall. wall of the primitive body-cavity situated be-
It is divided into ascending, descending, and tween the somatopleure and splanchnopleure.
transverse portions. It is the precursor of the endothelium.
Mesoderm (rues' -o-derni). See Mesoblast. Mesovarium [ines o-zia' -re-uvi) [/^fcof, mid-
Mesogaster [ines-o-gas'-ter') [/ifcrof, middle ; dle ovarium, ovary].
;
A peritoneal fold
yacTiip, stomach]. The part of the primitive connecting the ovary and the broad ligament.
gut giving rise to the duodenum, the liver, Meta- (met' ah-) [,«frd, among or between].
the pancreas, the jejunum, and the ileum. A prefix signifying over, beyond, among,
Mesogastric [mes-o-gas'-trik) [^faof, middle; between, change, or transformation.
}ra(Tr/)p, stomach]. Pertaining to the umbili- Metabasis (met-ab'-as-is) \_iieTa, over; fiai-
cal region. vEiv, to go]. Change.
METABOLIC METASTASIS
Metabolic (tnet
-
ah bol'
- -
ik) l^fUTaftoV} , Metalloid {met' -al-oid) \jiiLTa7Jj)v, metal:
change]. Pertaining to metabolism. M. elcSof, form]. I. Resembling a metal. 2.
nonmetallic element.
Equilibrium, the equahty between the ab- Any
assiniihition of food and the
sorption and Metalloscopy {inet-al-os' -ko-pe) [/êra/lAoi', a
excretion of end-products. metal aiioTritv, to examine].
;
The determi-
Metabolism ( niet-ab' -o-lizm ) [ fxerajSoyi, nation of the effects produced by the applica-
The group of phenomena whereby tion of metals to the surface of the body. See
change].
food-stufls into com- also Meta/iotherapy.
organic beings transform
as-
plex tissue elements (Constructive M., Metallotherapy {met-al-o-ther' -ap-e) [//era/l-
similation, anabolism) and convert complex Aor, metal thpam:ia, therapy].
;
The treat-
substances into simple ones in the production ment of certain nervous diseases, particularly
of energy (Destructive M., disassimilation, hysteria, by the application of different metal.-i
to the affected part.
katabolism).
Metabolite -
{/net-ab' o -iit) [ uETal3o^,
Metameric {met- am- er'-ik) \jiETd, after;
change]. A product of metabolic change. n'tpiK, part]. See Isomeric.

Metacarpal (^nu't-aJi-ka>-'-pal)\_fit-d, beyond ;
Metamerid {met-a/ii'-er-id) [/Ufi"d,
after ;
Kapirog, wrist]. Pertaining to the metacar- fiipog, part]. A metameric substance; a
pus, or to a bone of the metacarpus. group of metameric bodies.

Metacarpophalangeal {rtiet
- ah- kar - po - fa- Metamerism {met-am'-erizm) \^^trd, after;
lan'-je-al) [//trd, beyond; KapKOC, wrist; liipoQ, apart]. A variety of isomerism. See
phalanx].
(pd'Au}'^, Belonging to the meta- Isome7-ic.
carpus and the phalanges. Metamorphopsia {met

-
am -
or fop'-
-
se -
ah)
beyond to
change shape oxjug, sight].
Metacarpus (mc'/-a/i-iar^-piis)[fi£Td, ;
yiETafinpCfioe/v, ;
Kapnog, wrist]. That part of the hand be- A defect of vision, in which, owing to disease
tween the carpus and the phalanges and con- of the retina or imperfection of the media, ob-
sisting of five bones. jects appear distorted.
Metacele,Metacelia [jnet'-ahsel, mct-ah-se'- Metamorphosing {met-am-or-fo' -zing) \_iiEr-
Ic-ah) [//fra, beyond ; /vO(/lia, cavity]. The a,u6p(p6i:n', to change shape]. Altering; chang-
fourth ventricle. ing. M. Breath-sound. See /Respiration.
Metachromatism {met ah krovi' at
- -
- -
ism) Metamorphosis {i7iet-atn-or' -fo-sis) \jiETd,
[wt-rd, beyond j/ju,«a, color].

;
The quality across; /j-opcposiv,
to change]. A
structural
of being different in color from other parts. change, or transformation. In pathology, a
Metacinesis {/net ah-sin e'-sis). Synonym of degeneration. M., Fatty, fatty degeneration.
Metakinesis. M., Regressive, M., Retrograde, a dis-
Metagaster {met-ah-gas' -ter) [//eru, beyond ; integrating change; a degeneration. M.,

jaaTijp, stomach]. The permanent intestinal Viscous, the agglutination of blood-plaques
canal, succeeding the primitive canal, or pro- in the process of thrombosis.
togaster. Metanephros, Metanephron {met-ah-tief-

Metagastrula {met-ah-gas' -trit-lah) [//f rn, be- ros, met-ah-nef'-ron)\_ii£Td, after; ve<pp6g, kid-
yond yaarijp, belly].

;
A modification of ney]. The posterior of the three segmental
segmentation, producing a form of gastrula bodies of the fetus, which is transformed into
differing from the simple gastrula
of the am- the permanent kidney and ureter.
phioxus. Metaphosphoric Acid {met-ah-fos-for' -ik)
Metakinesis {met-ah-kin-e'-sis') [/ifrd, to- \_uE-d, beyond; phospkorits~\. See AeiJ,
ward liivriaiQ, movement, change].
;
The Phosphoric.
term applied to that stage of cell-division, in Metaplasia {met-ah-pla' -ze-ah) [//frd, beyond ;
which the secondary threads or loops tend 'K'kdaazLv, to form]. A

transformation of a
to pass toward the two poles of the nuclear tissue into another without the intervention
of an embryonal tissue, as the conversion of
spindle.
Metal {iitet'-al) [//fraAAoi^ a metal]. An cartilage into bone.
elementary substance characterized by mal- Metaplastic (w,'/'-r?/i-//rt./-/'?',^)[«£rd, beyond ;
leability, ductility, fusibility, luster, its elec- TcTidaaeiv, to Pertaining to metaplasia.

form].
tric affinities, and the basic character of its Metapneumonic {met-ah-nu-mon' -ik) [«er«,
oxid. after pneumonia']
; Secondary to, or conse-
.
Metalbumin {mef-al-bii'-min). See Paral- quent upon, pneumonia.

bumin. Metapophysis{met-ah-poff''-is-is)[i[ieTd,aher;
Metallic {met-ai'-ik) [//tra/lAoi', metal]. Re- d~(')ii<vai<;, offshoot].
A mammillary process,
sembling a metal. M. Tinkling, peculiar such as is seen upon the lumbar vertebra
metallic or bell-like sounds heard over a Metastasis {met-as' -tas-is) from
\_fi!;TdaTaaic^,
The transfer of a
pneumothorax or large pulmonary cavity. //fW/crrdi'rt(, to transpose].
The sounds are produced by coughing, speak- diseased process from a primary focus to a
ing, or deep breathing.
distant one by the conveyance of the causal
METASTATIC METHYLATE
the bloodvessels or lymph- is also found at times in the stomach and in
agents through
channels. testines. It is a colorless, odorless, inflam-
Metastatic {nut - ah -
stat'- ik) [//frnfrrofr/f,
mable gas.
from /liOiardrai, to
transpose]. Character- Methemoglobin [tnet-hem-o-glo' -bin) [//frd,
ized by or pertaining to metastasis. M. Ab- with ; aiiia, blood ; globus, a ball]. A Ixidy
scess, the secondary abscess in pyemia. similar in composition to hemoglobin, but
M. Calcification, calcareous infiltration due having its oxygen more firmly united with it.
to an excess of lime-salts in the blood in It is prepared from hemoglobin by the action
diseases associated with rapid disintegration of potassium feiTicyanid, potassium chlorate,

of bone. sodium nitrite, etc. In poisoning with potas-
Metasternum (jnet-ah-ster'-nu))i) \_u£ra, be-
sium chlorate, the nitrites, acetanilid, and
hind arqwov, sternum].
;
The xiphoid car- some other bodies, the blood contains met-
tilage of the sternum. hemoglobin.
Metasyphilis {»ii--ta-sif^-il-is){jJ.ETa,beyond; Methemoglobinemia {niet-hem-o-glo-bin-e'
svphilis, syphilis]. That form of inherited nie-ah) \jiETa, with aifia, blood globus,
; ;
a
syphilis presenting only the syphilitic

diathe- ball aiun, blood].
;
The presence of met-
sis, /. e., the degenerations
and general dif- hemoglobin in the blood.
-
fuse changes in which localized lesions are Methemoglobinuria (^/nct-hem-o-glo-bin-u'
absent. re-ah) [iîera, with; aif^ta, blood; globus, a
Metatarsal (iue(-aJi-tar^-snl) [//£rd, beyond ; ball; iirina, urine]. The presence of met-
in the urine.
TapauQ, tarsus]. Pertaining to the metatar- hemoglobin
sus. Methomania {meth-o-via'-ue-aJi) [//fft', wine;
Metatarsophalangeal {fiiet
-
ak -tar-so-fa- jiavia, Insanity due to the exces-
madness].
beyond; rapcsoq, tarsus; sive use of strong drink.
lan'-je-al) \_jizTa,
âka) phalanx]. Pertaining to the metatar-
i , Methyl [meth'-il) [/^fTo, with; i'/;/, wood],
sus and the phalanges. CHj. A
univalent hydrocarbon radicle, the
Metatarsus beyond; first of the univalent hydrocarbons of the
{met-ah-tar'-su;:) [//frd,
rapaog, tarsus]. The bones of the foot, five marsh-gas series the radicle of methyl alco-
;
in number, situated between the tarsus and hol. M. Alcohol, CH.ÔH, wood-alcohol,
the phalanges. wood-spirit, a liquid similar to ordinary alco-
Metathesis [tnet-ath'-es-is) \jitTa, beyond ; hol, obtained in the destructive distillation of
ritfivai, toplace]. I. The act of changing wood. M.-blue. See Meihyloie-bliie. M.
the seat of a diseased process from one part Ether, CjHgO dimethyl oxid, an inflamma-
;
to another. 2. In chemistry, decomposition. ble gas also, a salt of methyl.

;
M. -green,
It istermed single M., when the compound an anilin dye, used in staining tissues also, ;
breaks up into its constituents, or exchanges as an antiperiodic. M.-guanidin, C.^H7N3 ;

one of tliem for a molecule of another com- a colorless, crystalline, strongly alkaline base,
pound, and double M. when two compounds ,

formed by the oxidation of kreatin and krea-
interchange some of their constituents. tinin, and also found in decomposing horse-
beyond; Cw*)!',
M.etazoa.{i)ic-t-ah-zo^-a/i)\_fiET(i, fle.sh, and in cultures of the comma-bacillus
animal] Animals the development of which

. and the bacillus of anthrax. It is highly poi-
is characterized by segmentation of the ovum. sonous. M. hydrid, CH^ methane, or ;
They comprise all animals except the Proto- marsh gas. M. salicylas (U. S. P.), CgHÔj ;
zoa. of wintergreen an oily liriuid of

artificial oil ;
Metencephalon (^met-en-sef'-al-on) [/Ufrd,

a peculiar odor, identical with the essential
beyond; brain].
eyii£<pa2og,
I. The after- constituent of the oil of wintergreen it is used ;
in rheumatism like the natural oil of gaultheria.

brain the ; postoblongata, or most caudal
portion of the brain. 2. Of Huxley, the cere- M.-theobromin, caffein. M.-uramin. See
bellum and the pons. M.-gtianiJin. M. -violet, an anilin dye used
Meteorism {înc'-te-or-izni) [fjEreupnêiv, to for staining bacteria. Under the name of
Distention of the abdomen with pyoktanin used as an antiseptic.
it is
elevate].
gas ; tympanites. Methylal {meth'-il-al) [//trd, with; v7,r],
Meter {me'-ter) \^^trpov, measure]. See wood; alcohol '\, C^H/),. A substance
A/t'tric S\'ste»i. prepared by distilling methyl alcohol with
Methal {?neth'-al) \_fiETa, with vli], matter], ; sulphuric acid. hypnotic and antispas-
It is
Ci^HjijO. An alcohol, not yet isolated, oc- modic. Dose fgj Unof.
(4.0).
curring in spermaceti. Methylamin {i?ieth-il'-a>ii-in) [fêra, with;
Methane [jnetk'-dn) [/ierd, with; vA^, mat- v/.^, wood; amin'\. N(CH3)H2. A color-
and
ter], CII^. Marsh-gas. The first member of less basic gas occurring in herring-brine
the homologous series of paraffins, CnH.,n-}-.2. in cultures of the comma-bacillus.
It occurs wherever decomposition of organic Methylate {meth' -il-nt) [Mfrd. with; v^-q,
matter is going on, especially in marshes, and wood J. A compound formed from methyl
METHYLATED METRORRHEXIS
alcohol by the substitution of the hydrogen
of the hydroxyl by a base.
Methylated {melli'-il-ated) \_nf-a, with; i)///,
wood]. Containing methyl-alcohol. M.

Spirit, methyl-alcohol, wood-alcohol.
Methylene (jneth'-il-eii) [//e-a, with; vlrj,
wood], ClI.^. A
bivalent hydrocarbon rad-
icle. M.-blue, Cmllj^N-jSCl ; a blue anilin
dye used as a stain in microscopy. It has also
been employed as a local application in diph-
theria, tonsillitis, scarlatinal sore-throat, and

other inflammatory conditions, and internally
in malaria and neuralgia. Dose gr. jss (o. l).
M. Dichlorid, CH.,C1.^; ageneral anesthetic,
used instead of chloroform.
Methylic [^metk-il'-ik). Containing methyl.
Metopagus {met-op' -ag-us) [/ferwjrov, front ;
Txayior, joined]. A twin monstrosity with

united foreheads.
Metra [/ne^-trah
<
uterus]. The ute-

rus.
Metre [îne'-tcr').
See Meter.
Metrectopia, Metrectopy [iitet-rek to'-pe-
ah, viet-rck'-to-pe) \_iu)Tp(i, womb; ektotvo^,
displaced]. Displacement of the womb.

Metric {met'-rik) [//tx/ior, a measure]. Per-
taining to the system of weights and meas-
ures, of which the meter is the basis. M.
System, a decimal system of weights and
measures employed in France, Germany, and
other countries, and used generally in the
sciences. The standard is the meter, the
ten-millionth part of the distance from the
equator to the north-pole. The actual stand-
ard unit is the distance between two lines on
a platinum-iridium rod preserved in the ar-
chives of tlie International Metric Commis-
sion at Paris, and is equivalent to 39.37079
inches; in the U. S. the length of the meter is
assumed as 39-37 inches. The standard of
capacity is the liter, a cubical volume ^V meter
in each dimension. The standard of weight is
the gram, the weight of y Jg liter (one cubic
,,
centimeter) of distilled water at its maximum

density. As the unit of microscopic measure-
ment the thousandth part of a miUimeter has
l)een adopted. It is called micromillimeter,
or micron its symbol is /i.
;
The multiples
in the metric system are expressed by the
prefixes deca, hecto, and kilo the subdivi- ;
sions by the prefixes deci, centi, and milli.
1000
METROSALPINGITIS MICROCYTHEMIA
Metrosalpingitis {i7tet
- ro
sal ping- ji^ tis)
- - -
Microbiology (w/ - kro - hi -
ol'- o -je) [///xpof ,
[////T/ja,
womb ;
tube inc, inflam-
oaKtriyS,, ;
small /i/of, life; /Idyof, science]. The science
;
mation]. Inflammation of the uterus and of the nature, life, and actions of microbes.
oviducts. Microblast {jni'-kroblast^ \jaKpbc, small ;
Metroscope [met'-ro-skop] \_nrjTpa, womb ; [Jkaarbq, germ]. An immature blood-cor-

GKOTTdv, to observe]. An instrument for puscle.
examining the uterus. Microblepharia, Microblepharon {nii-kro-
Metrostaxis [i)it't-ro-sfaks'-is) [jri/Tpn,
womb ;
bh'f-a' -7-e-ah, mi- kro-blef^ -ai'-ou) [////cpdf,
OTof/f, a dropping]. Slight but persistent small; (i'/J(papov, lid]. Smallness of the
uterine hemorrhage. eyelids.
Mezereon [/iiez-e' -re-o)i)\_A.r. mdzariyun,
the ,
Microbrachius (jni-kro-bra' -ke-iis) [û/K/idf,
camellia]. The bark of Daphne mezereum, small; (ipax'tuv, arm]. Smallness of the
and other species of Daphne, of the natural arms.
order Thymelacere. It contains a glucosid, Microcephalic [mi- kro-sef-aF-ik^ [/i'K/)d(,-,
daphnin, and an acrid resin. Locally applied, small; Kfi/ir;//), head]. Having a small head.
M. is an irritant and vesicant, and has been Microcephalon {nii-kro-sef -al-on) [^fUKpoq,
used to stimulate indolent ulcers. Internally, small; Kcâ/liy, head]. An abnormally small
it has been em])loyed in syphilis, scrofula, head.
chronic rheumatism, and various skin-dis- Microchemistry {^mi-kro-ketn' -is-tre) \jiiKp6q,
eases. Dose of the bark, gr. x (0.65). Ex- small; cheviistry^ I. The chemistry of the
tractum mezerei aethereum (B. P.) and minute organisms and substances of nature.
Extractum mezerei fluidum (U. S. P.). 2. The study of chemic reactions with the
Dose n\îj-v (0.13-0. 12). It is used chiefly aid of the microscope.

in ointments. Micrococcus (uti-kro-kok'-us) \_/MKp6g, small ;
Miasm (mi'-azi/i) [//«in'f/!', to pollute]. Any- KOKKor, kernel]. A
genus of bacteria the
thing harmful contaminating the air a nox- ;
individuals of which have a spheric shape.
ious exhalation affecting individuals directly. When united in such a way as to resem-
Miasmatic (mi-az-inat'-ik) [//mnf(r, to pol- ble a bunch of grapes they are called
lute]. Pertaining to or having the nature of staphylococci when united in couples they
;
miasm. M. Diseases, diseases produced are called diplococci when arranged in

;
by miasms. strings they are called streptococci.

Mica {nii'-kah') [L.]. I. A crumb. 2. A Microcornea [ini-kro-kor' -ne-ah) \_iiiKp6q,
mineral occurring in the form of thin, shining, small; coinea'\. Abnormal smallness of the
transparent scales. M. panis, a crumb of cornea.
bread. Microcosm (jni'-kro-kozjii) \jHKp6q, small ;
Micracoustic [}ni
-
krah - kow' - stik) \_fimp6q, Konjtoq, world]. Man in contradistinction to
small; aKOL'crr/Kdc, pertaining to hearing], I. the universe, or the macrocosm.
Assisting hearing very faint sounds.
in Microcosmic [/ni-kro-koz' mik) [/iiKpoq,
-
2. An instrument possessing this property. small; noafioc,world]. Pertaining to the

Micrencephalon ( mi-Aren-sef'-al-on) [///'>- microcosm. M. Salt, sodium ammonium
pof, small hyKEipnlog,
; brain], i. A small phosphate so called because formerly derived
;
brain, as in cretinism. 2. The cerebellum. from the urine of man, " the microcosm."
Micro- {tni'-kro) [/«'i/jof, small]. I.
pre- A Microcoulomb {jni-kro- koo' -lom) [///Kpdf,
fixsignifying minute. 2. prefix generally A small; C'c/c/iv;/;^, a French physician]. One
used to signify a unit one-thousandth, some- millionth of a coulomb. See Coulomb.
times one-millionth part of the unit to which Microcoustic (mi-kro-koios' -tik). Synonym
it is
prefixed. of AlicracoHslic.
Microbe {mi'-krbU) \jiiKp6q, small /'J/of, life]. ; Microcrith [mi'-kro-kritJi) \jiiKp6q, small ;
A organism of very small size.
living The Kpi^j, barley]. A. unit of molecular weight,
term is generally used synonymously with equivalent to the weight of an atom of hy-
bacterium. drogen.
Microbial! [mi-kro' -bc-aii) small; [/i/^pof, Microcrystalline [mi-kro-kris^-tal-in) [/"'«-
/9/of , life] .
Pertaining to or of the nature of p6g, small ; crystalliue\. Composed of crys-
a microbe. tals of microscopic size.
Microbicide [rni-kro^-bis-id) [fiiKpog, small ; Microcyst [mi' kro-sist)
-
\_p.iKp6q, small;
/?/oc, life; ccsdere, to kill], i. Destructive Kvaroc, cyst]. A
cyst of very small size.
to microbes. 2. An agent that destroys mi- Microcyte [ini' -kro-sif) ^piKpbq, small kvtoc, ;
crobes. cell]. A
small red blood-corpuscle.
Microbiohemia {mi-kro-bi-o-heni' -e-aK) [////c- Microcythemia [tni-kro-si-the' me-ali) \_iûk-
por, small life; (una, blood].

; ,;^/of, dis- A p(K, small; Ki'Toq. cell; aI//«, blood]. A
eased condition resulting from the presence condition of the blood characterized by the
of microorganisms in the blood. presence of abnormally small red corpuscles.
MICROCYTOSIS klCROSPECTROSCOPE
Microcytosis (w/ - kro

-
si - to'- sis). Same as iûvi), sound]. An instrument that amplifies
Micriuythetiiia.
and renders them audible.
feeble sounds
Microdont (îiii'
-
kro - donf) [/^//cp^jr, small; Microphotograph (w/ - kro -fo' - to -graf)
iiiî)vc, tooth]. Having small teeth. \juKpur, small ; ^6Jf , light ; ypd^scv, to write].
Microglossia (jni- kro-glos' -c-ah) [^/iiKpur,
1. Aphotograph of microscopic size. 2.
small }2i:)ai7(i, tongue].
;
Abnormal small- See Photomicrograph.
{mi -krof thai'- tnus)
-
ness of the tongue. Microphthalmus
small ; 6(})0aA/!i6(, eye]. I. The
Micrognathia {ini-krog-na' -the-ah) [fiiKpor, [_/uK.p6(;,
small; •}vdlioc, jaw]. Abnormal smallness condition of having an abnormally small eye.
y){ the jaws, especially of the lower jaw. 2. A person having such an eye.
Microgram [/ni'-kro-graw) [///K/wf, small ; Microphyte (/ni'-kro-/it)l^/uiip6c,smaiU; ^vtov,

gr<i;/i'].
A millionth part of a gram. plant]. Any microscopic plant, especially
small
Micrography {îni-krog'-ra-fe) [////vpof, ;
one that is parasitic.
}f)d(peiv, to write]. description of bodies A Micropsia [ini-krop'-se-ah)
[/ji.Kpo^,
small ;
that are studied under the microscope. oipig, sight]. A

defective state of vision in
Microhm (wi'-krom) [/iÂpof, small; c"///;/]. which objects appear very small.
The millionth part of an ohm. Micropyle (mi'-kropil) [//(h-pdr, small -v/r/, ;
Microliter i^mi'
-
kro - le -
ter) [/zt/cpof, small; gate, orifice]. The small opening in an
litt'r\
The millionth part of a liter. ovum through which the spermatozoon may
Micromania kro - ma'- ne - aJi) [/««-por,
{ini
-
penetrate.
small maiiia\
;
A form of insanity in which Microscope {mi'-kro- skop) [fii Kpor,
smaW ;
the patient believes himself diminutive in UKOTvdv, to view]. An

apparatus through
size and mentally inferior. which minute objects are rendered visible.
Micromelus It consists of a lens or group of lenses by which
[jni-krom' -el-us) \_inKpoq, small ;
^Lt'fMi;, limb].
A
single autositic monster of a magnified image of the object is produced.
the species ectroraelus, characterized by the M., Binocular, a microscope having diver-
presence of abnormally small limbs. gent oculars, one for each eye, so that the
Micrometer {nd-krom' -et-er") [fiiKpoc, small ; object is seen with both eyes. M., Com-
fisTpov,measure]. An instrument designed pound, one that consists of two or more
for measuring minute objects seen through the lenses or lens-systems, of which one, the ob-
microscope. M., Eye-piece, M., Ocular, jective, placed near the object, gives
an en-
a micrometer to be used with the eye-piece larged and inverted real image the other, ;
of a microscope. M. -screw, a fine screw the ocular, acting like a simple microscope,
with a scale attached showing the distance gives an enlarged virtual image of the real
passed at each fraction of a revolution. M., image. M., Simple, one consisting of one
Stage-, a micrometer attached to the stage of or more lenses or lens-systems acting as a
a microscope. single lens. The rays of light that enter the
Micrometry {^nii-krom' -et-re) [u/Kpof small ,
:
eye of the observer, after refraction through
/lirpop,measure]. The measurement of ob- these lenses, proceed directly from the object
jects by the aid of a micrometer. itself.
Micromillimeter (mi - kro - mil' - im - e - ter) Microscopic [>ni-kro-skop'-ik) [/utKpoc, small;

I. The one- to to the
\juKp6r, small GKOTVEiv, view]. I. Pertaining
millimeter^.;
thousandth part of a millimeter or the one- microscope. 2. Visible only with the aid of
millionth part of a meter. It is the unit of a microscope.
{mi - kros' ko
- -
microscopic measurements. It is called also Microscopist pist) \îuKp6q,
micron, and is symbolized by î. small; ff/co-fh', to
view]. One who is skilled
Micron (^mi'-kron) [////cpof, small]. The in the use of the microscope.
millionth part of a meter or a thousandth Microscopy {mi-kros'-ko-pe) \_iiiiip6Q, small ;
part of a millimeter. It is the equivalent of CKOTTuv, to view]. The use of the microscope ;
Ti^^\jyjy
of an English inch, and its symbol is //. examination with the microscope.
Microorganism {/ni-kro-or' -gan-izi/i) \_iniip6q, Microseme {mi' -kro-seni) \ûiKpdc, small ;
small ; organism\ microscopic being of A cijua, sign, index]. Having the orbital index
the animal or vegetal kingdom in a special ;
less than 83.
sense it is restricted to that vegetal group Microsomia {mi -
kro -
so'- me - ah) \_f//Kp(k ,
known as bacteria. small (7w//a, body].

;
Abnormal smallness of
Micropathology {tni- kro -path - ol'- a -jc) the whole body.

l_/i'Kp6r,
small ; study
pathology\ I. The Microspectroscope {mi-kro-spek'- tro
-
skop)
of minute pathologic changes. study 2. The fUKpog, small; spectrum, spectrum; OKn-fiv,
of microorganisms in their relation to disease. to view]. A
spectroscope used in connection
Microphage [mi' kro fdj ) \^p.uip6q, small;
- - with the ocular of a microscope, and by
ctiayav, to devour]. A small phagocyte. means of which the .spectra of micro,scopic
Microphone [ini' - kro- foii) [//^/cpcif, small ; objects can be examined.
MICROSCOPE MICROSCOPE
C. Eye-piece. H. Draw-tube. I. Kiunl of draw-tube. J. Coarse adjustmetit. K. Pinion heads. L.

Fine adjustment. M. Stage. N. Spring clips. A. Base. B. Pillar. C. Arm. D. Body tube. E.
Nose-piece. F, F, F. Objectives. O. Mirror. P. Mirror bar. Q. Substage. S. Iris diaphragms.
MICROSPORIDIA MILK
Microsporidia [iiii-kro-spor-id^ -e-ali) [_ftii<p6c, Migration {mi gra'-shtin) \_mic;rare, to wan-
small oKopor, seed].
; genus of the class A der]. A wandering. M., External (f>/"//^<?
of sporozoa, occurring as parasites in the Ovum), the passage of the ovum from" an
muscles of the frog, the marsh-tortoise, worms, ovary to the tube of the ojiposite side. M.,'
and insects. Internal {of the Ovum), the passage of the
'M.icros'poronl III i- /cro-sp(/ -rivi)\îu npur small , ;
ovum through the tube related to the ovary
a-opinj, seed]. A
fungus to which several from which the ovule was discharged, into the
diseases of the skin and hair are believed to uterus and across into the opposite tube.
be due. M. furfur. See Tinea versicolor. M. of Ovum, the passage of the ovum from
Microstomia (iiii
- kro - sto'- me ah) -
\_/jiKpdg, the ovary to the Fallopian tube. M. of
small; (Tro//«, mouth]. Abnormal smallness White Corpuscles, one of the phenomena
of the mouth. of intlammalion, consisting in the ]>assage of
Microtome {îni'-kro-tdiii) [///A/iof, small; jifi- the white corpuscles of the blood through
vt:n\ to cut]. An instrument for making thin the vessel- wall.
sections for microscopic examination. M., Mildew [miF-du) [AS., meledeaw, honey-
Freezing, one in which the
frozen, tissue is
dew]. A common name for minute fungi
in order to secure the hardness required for parasitic on plants, and also found on dead
properly cutting sections. vegetable substances.
Microtomy [iiii-krot'-o-uie) [////cpof, small; Milfoil {mil' -foil). See Achillea.
TFIivfii', to cut]. Section-cutting. Miliaria {mil-e-a'-re-ah) \_viilium, millet].
Microvolt (jni' -kro-volt). One millionth of An acute inflammatory disease of the sweat-
a volt. glands, the lesions consisting of vesicles and
Microzyme (^niV -kro-ziiii) [///A-pof,
small ; papules, accompanied by a pricking or ting-
leaven].
t,'/'////,
One of certain minute parti- ling sensation. It occurs esjiecially in sum-
cles of living matter that are by some sup- mer, is due to excessive sweating, runs an
posed to be living organisms capable of an acute or subacute course, and is followed by
independent existence, and which are the slight desquamation. Relapses are common.
cause of normal and jiathologic fermentation ;
M. alba or M. crystallina, a variety of M.
the real agents of the functions of the organ- in which the sweat accumulates under the su-
ism, the perversion of whose function con- perficial horny layers of the epidermis to form
stitutes disease. small, clear, transparent vesicles. It is also
Micturition [niik
-
tii- risk'- mi) \îiiirtnrire,
called sudamina crystallina. M. papulosa,
to pass water]. The act of passing urine. the well-known "prickly heat." M. rubra.
M. -center. The center governing the act See JMiliaria.
of micturition it is situated in the lumbar
; Miliary {iiiil' -e-a-re) \_milium, millet]. I.
region of the spinal cord. Of the size of a millet-seed, as M. aneurysm,

Midbrain [.A.S., mid, middle; braiii\. M. tubercle. 2. Attended or characterized
The mesencephalon. by the formation of numerous lesions the
Midfrontal. [AS., mid, middle; frons, fore- size of a millet-seed, as M. tuberculosis.
head]. Pertaining to the middle of the fore- M. Tuberculosis. See Tuberculosis.

head. Milium {mil' -e-iim) [L. millet-seed], i. A
Midgut [AS., mid, middle gut, gut]. ;
See disease of the skin characterized by the for-
Meso'âstcr. mation of small, pearly, noninflammatory
Midriff [AS., mid, middle; hrif, belly]. elevations (milia) situated mainly on the
Diaphragm. face. It is due to the occlusion of the ducts
Midwife mid. with; a of sebaceous follicles, the secretion of which
[.\.S., ivif, woman].
A female obstetrician a female nurse
;
who accumulates and distends the follicles. 2.
women
attends in childbirth. One of the elevations characteristic of
Midwifery [AS , mid, with; ivif,
a woman]. milium.
( )l)sletrics. Milk [AS., ;;///(, milk]. The opaque white
Migraine (inc'-gi-dn) [Fr., from iiiu, half; secretion of the mammary glands of the
Kpavinv, skull]. A paroxysmal affection female of mammalia. The relative propor-
characterized by headache, usually unilateral, tion of the constituents in milk of diflerent
and by gastric, vasomotor, and visual dis- animals may be seen from the ajipended
turliances. table of analyses from Wynter Blyth. M.,
Migrainin ra niit) \îuigraine\
[iiiig^-
-A Butter-, cream from which the fatty mat-
name given to a mixture of antipyrin, citric ter has been removed. M., Condensed,
acid, and caffein. It is used for the treatment milk of cows from which a large part of the
of migraine, of the headache of influenza, and water has been evaporated, a syrupy li(|uid
of that due to alcohol, tobacco, and morphin. remaining which is preserved with or without
The dose is from 17 to 45 grains (l.o-j.ojin the addition of sugar. M.-cure, the method
24 hours. of treating certain diseases by an exclusive
MILLIAMPERE MIRROR
diet of milk. M. -fever, a slight rise of tem-
of the
perature attending the establishment
secretion of milk. It is due to a mild degree
of septic intoxication. M.-leg. See /"///ty-
??iasia albadoUns. M. -punch, a preparation
made by adding brandy, whisky, or rum, to
milk in the proportion of about one to four or
six parts, and flavoring with sugar and nut-
meg. M., Skim-, is the residue left after the
removal of the cream. M. -sugar. Lactose.
M. -teeth, the teeth of the first dentition.
M. -tester, a lactometer.
MIRYACHIT MODERATOR BAND
M., Laryngoscopic, M., Ophthalmosco- composita (U. S. P.). Brown mixture. Dose
pic, M., Rhinoscopic; a mirror used respect- f^j-ij (32.0-64.0). M. guaiaci (B. P.).
ively in laryngoscopy, oplithalnioscopy, and Dose f^ss-ij (16.0-64.0). M. olei ricini
rhinoscopy, to illuminate the cavity to be in- (B. P.). Dose f^ss-ij (16.0-64.0). M.
spected. M., Plane, one the reflecting sur- rhei et sodae (U. S. P.). Dose, for children,
face of which is Hat. M. -writing, a peculiar i^ss-i^] (2.0-4.0!. M.scammonii (B.P. ).
form of writing at times observed in left- l)o.sefîj (64.0). M. sennse composita
handed persons, and in cases of aphasia, and (B. P.). Dose f.^j-iss
(32.0-48.0). M.
characterized by a reversal of the form and spiritus vini gallici (B. P.). Dose f^j-
arrangement of the letters, which appear as if .ij (32.0-64.0).
seen in a mirror. Mite [mit) [AS., t?ii/e, mite]. A name
Miryachit (jne-re-ach'-it) [Russian word]. a]iplied to several Acari.
A peculiar disease in which the patient Mithridatism [iiiitk-rid'-at-izm) [MiBpiSa-rig,
mimics or imitates everything said or done by Mithridates, king of Pontus, who was said to
another. have become so charged with the poisons
Miscarriage [i/iis-kar'-dj) [AS., prefix mis-, with which he experimented that he acquired
OF'., f^r;Vr, to carry], i. The expulsion of an immunity to them all]. Immunity from
the fetus between the fourth and the sixth the effects of a poison induced by tlie admin-
month of pregnancy. 2. Abortion. istration of gradually increased doses.
Misce [viis'-e) \_iiiiscere,
to mix]. Mix, a Mitigate {viif -ig-at) [mitigai-e, to soften].
direction placed on prescriptions ;
abbrevi- To allay ;
to make milder ;
to moderate.
ated, M. Mitigated Stick, or Mitigated Caustic
Miscegenation {jiiis-cj-t'ii-a' -sIudi) \jniscere, iyinit' -ig-a-tid ) \jititigare, to soften]. See
to mix; genus, race]. Mixture of different Argcntum.
races by intermarriage. Mitome (i)ii'-tdvi) [/"TiJf, a thread]. The
Miscible {mis'-ih-l) \^miscere, to mix]. Cap- threads of the protoplasmic reticulum of a
able of being mixed. cell (cytomitome) or of the nucleus (karyo-
Miserere mei (w/s ra jiia'-e) [L., have mitome).
mercy on me]. An old name for volvulus, Mitosis {>)ii-to' -sis^ \jjLiToq, a thread]. Karyo-
or intestinal colic ;
also for stercoraceous kinesis.
vomiting. Mitotic {nii-tot'-ifc) [^/rof, thread]. Per-
Misogamy [viis-og'-am-e) \_fuanv, to hate ; taining to mitosis.
yuiKic, marriage]. Aversion to marriage. Mitral [iiii' -iral) \_iuTpa, a belt, a turban].
Misogyny (niis-pg'-iii-e) \_iiiauv, to hate; I. Resembling a miter, as the M. valve. 2.
}M7/, woman]. Hatred of women. Pertaining to the auriculoventricular valve

Missed (>nist) [AS. ,niissan, to miss]. Passed ;
of the left side of the heart. M. Disease,
failed of completion. M. Abortion,
the re- disease of the mitral valve of the heart.
tention of the product of conception in the M. Incompetence or M. Insufficiency.
uterine cavity after its death and with the See AI. ]\tgtiigitafio7i. M. Murmur. See
appearance of some of the symptoms of Murmur. M. Obstruction, disease of the
abortion. M. Labor, the retention of the mitral valve causing obstruction to the flow
product of conception in the uterus beyond of blood through the left auriculoventricular
term, and after the occurrence of a few in- opening. M. Regurgitation, imperfect
effectual labor-pains. closure of the mitral valve during the cardiac
Mistletoe {///is^-/-/o). See Viscut?i. systole, permitting blood to be forced back
Mistura A mixture.
fw/j-/«-''-r«/z) [L. ]. A into the left auricle. M. Stenosis. See
preparation made by suspending an insoluble M. Obstruction. M. Valve. See Valve.
substance in watery fluids, by means of gum- Mixture {7mks'-tHr). See Mistitra.
arabic, sugar, yolk of egg, or other cohesive Mnemonics [iie-mon'-iks) [tivao/int, I re-
sulistance. When the suspended substance member] The science of cultivation of the
.
is of an oily nature, the preparation is termed memory by systematic methods.

an emulsion (emulsum). In ])harmacy, an Mobile {mo^-hit)[min'ere,tomoye'\. Movable.
aqueous pre]iaration of an insoluble sub- M. Spasm, a slow, irregular movement grad-
stance held in suspension, usually by the ually taking ]ilace in different muscles, occur-
addition of soluble gum, egg-enuilsion, etc. ring at times in the paralyzed parts in hemi-
The following mixtures are official in U. S. P. plegia.
and B. P. M. Creasoti Dose f ^j
(B. P.). Mobility [mo-bil'-it-e^ \î)iovcre, to move].
(32.0). M.Cretae(U. S.P., B.P.). Dose The condition of being movable.
f^^ss (16.0). M. ferri aromatica (B. P.). Modal {mo'-dal") [modus, mode]. A term
Dosef^j-ij (32.0-64.0). M. ferri compos- a|)plied to the order of response of muscles
ita, Griffith's mixture (U. S. P. and B. P.). and nerves to the galvanic current.
Dose f3J-ij (32.0-64.0). M. glycyrrhizae Moderator Band. See Band.
MODIOLUS MOLYBDENUM
Modiolus {mo-(fi^-o-/i/s) [L.,nave]. I. The in the uterus for some time. M., Hydatid,
central pillar or axis of the cochlea, around M., Hydatidiform, one formed by a prolif-
which the spiral canal makes two and one- eration and cystic degeneration of the chorion
half turns. 2. The crown of a trephine. villi it is a form of myxoma, and has a ten-
;
Modus [i)!o'-dus) [L.]. mode or method. A dency to involve the uterine wall. M.,
M. operandi, the method of the perfor- True, one which is the remains of an ovum.
mance of an action. M., Vesicular. Same as yl/., Hydatidiform.
Mogigraphia {>nog-ig-mf^-e-ah) [,«o}/f, with Molecular [mo h-k'- u - lar) \_moles, mass].
-
difiiculty ; ypdtpeiv, to write]. Writers' Pertaining to, or composed of, molecules.

cramp. M. Death, death of a part in minute invisible
Mogilalia (înog-il-a' -le-ali) [ôy/f with
,
diffi- particles, as ulceration, caries. M., Force, a
culty ; /((//(i, talk]. Stammering, stuttering. force acting between molecules, as cohesion.
Mogiphonia [mog-if-o'-ne-n/i) [/"'}if, with M. Motion, the movements of the molecules
difficulty; sound]. Difficulty in speak-
0(J('//,
of a substance. M. Volume, the volume of
ing, excited by an effort of singing or speak- a molecule of a substance in the gaseous
ing loudly. state under the same conditions of temper-
;
Mohrenheim's Fossa, i. The space be- ature and pressure the M. volumes of all
tween the deltoid and pectoralis major mus- substances are equal. M. Weight, the
cles. 2. The supraclavicular fossa. weight of a molecule of any substance as
Moist young, fresh, new]. Damp;
\_)iiustus, compared with the weight of an atom of hy-
slightly wet; characterized by the presence drogen. It is equal to the sum of the weights
of Ouid. M. Chamber, a large circular of its constituent atoms.
glass with a lid, used in bacteriologic work, Molecule [mol'-e-kal) [dim. of moles, mass].
especially for growing potato-cultures. M. I. Aminute portion of matter. 2. In phys-
Filter, a tilter paper that is moistened with ics, the smallest quantity into which a sub-
water. M. Gangrene, the form of gangrene stance can be divided and retain its charac-
that occurs in a part fdled with blood. See teristic properties ; or the smallest quantity
Gangrene. that can exist in a free state.

Molar [ino'-lar) \_moles, mass]. Pertaining Molimen [mo-li'-meit) [L. , violimeti, endea-
to masses, in contradistinction to molecular. vor]. Aneffort or attempt. M., Menstrual,
Molar [ino'-lar^ \inola, a millstone]. i. any of the symptoms attendant upon the men-
Grinding ;
used for grinding. 2. A grind- stnial act or function.
ing tooth, a grinder. Mollin {moF-in) [wo/Z/.r, soft]. A soft soap
Molasses [mo-las' -sez) [;«r//(7i;v«r, made with of potassium hydroxid and cocoanut-oil, used
honey]. The syrupy liquid remaining after as a basis for ointments.
the refining of sugar. It contains a consider- Mollities {mo-lish'-e-ez) [mollis, soft]. Soft-
able quantity of uncrystallizable sugar, some ness. M. ossium. See Osteomalacia.
cane-sugar, and gummy and coloring-matter. Molluscous (mol-iis'-kns')\înolluscum, a shell-
There are two kinds: West India M., from fish]. Pertaining to the Mollusca.
I. 2.
which rum is prepared, and sugar-house M., Pertaining to the disease Molluscum.
which is somewhat thicker than the first. M. Molluscum -
[mol Its'- knm) [L., mollusca,
is used for making pills, and combined with shell fish, from mollis, soft]. A term applied to
sulphur as a domestic remedy for constipation. several diseases of the skin. M. contagio-
Mold (;;/<)/</) [AS., vwlde, dust] A vari- sum, a disease of the skin characterized by
ously colored deposit produced by the the formation of pinhead sized to pea-sized,
growth of different forms of fungi on moist rounded, sessile, or jx-dunculated pearl like
surfaces. The principal molds are Penicil- elevations of a yellowish-white or pinkish
lium, the Mucorini, and Aspergillus. color. The lesions may be single or multi-
Mole (wo/ )[/«('/(/, a mass], i. A mass formed ple, are usually situated upon the face, and
in the uterus by an ovum, the growth of which are due to a hyperplasia of the rete mucosum,
has become arrested, or which has undergone the growth probably beginning in the hair-
degeneration. 2. Nevus. M., Blood-, a follicles. The lesions on microscopic exami-
mass of coagulated blood and retained fetal nation are found to contain peculiar ovoid-
membranes and placenta, sometimes found in al, sharplydefined bodies
-
Molluscum- —
the uterus after an abortion. M., Carneous. bodies — which
are by some considered as
See M., Fks/iy. M., Cystic. Same as i1/, forms of epithelial degeneration, by others as
Hydatidiform. M., False, one not contain- protozoan parasites. M. fibrosum, a disease
ing any tissues derived from the ovum. M., of the skin characterized by the formation of
Fleshy, a blood-mole which has become multiple fibromata, which may be sessile or
more solid and has assumed a fleshy appear- pedunculated ,and grow from the deeper layers
ance the body formed in the uterine cavity
; of the corium and the subcutaneous tissue.
when an ovum that has died is retained with- Molybdenum [mol- ib -
de'- num) {jllo'/m^ôq,
MOMENTUM MONOGENESIS
lead]. A metallic element, found in nature Monobasic {mon-o-ba'-sik') \_it/)VOC, single;

chiefly as the sulphid molybdenite (MoS.^). finn/r,foundation]. Of an acid, acid salt, or
Atomic weight, 96; symbol, Mo; quantival- alcohol, having one hydrogen-atom replace-
ence, 11, vi,viii; specific gravity, S. 6.
iv, able by a Ijase.
principal oxid, M0O3, forms molybdic
-
Its Monoblepsia, Monoblepsis {tnon-o blep'
acid, H2Mo(_)^, the ammonium salt of which se-ah, mon-o-ldep' -sis) [//oi'or, single; ffAi-\\>i(;,
is used as a reagent in metallurgy, etc. sight]. I. A
condition in which either eye has
Molybdic acid combines with phosphoric acid a better visual power than both together.
to f'jrm phosphomolybdic acid. 2. The form of color-blindness in which but
Momentum {/no - men'- tuiii) \_movrrc, to one color can be perceived.
move]. (Quantity of motion. The M. of a Monobrachius [tnon
-
-bra '- ke -
us) \^fi6i'0(,
body depends upon its mass and velocity. single; /3pnj/a)i', arm]. A monster having
Also, the quantity of potential energy pos- but one arm.
sessed by a body in motion. It is usually Monobromated [>>ion-o-bro' -via-ted) [/7(5vof,
expressed by the formula mz=wv, i.e., the one ; bromate\ Containing one atom of
momentum equals the weight multiplied by broniin in the molecule.
the velocity. Monobromid \_ii6voc, one
[mon-o-bro'-niid) ;
Momordica [dio - nior'- dik - all). See £/(i- bromid\ A compound

having one atom of
teriiiDt. bromin in the molecule, or containing an
Monad (nion'-ad') \_imvoQ, single]. A univ- amount of bromin which, when compared
alent element or radicle. with the amount of bromin in other bromids
Monamin (^mon' am iii)
- - of the same base, may be regarded as unity.
[//oror, single;
amiii\. An amin formed by the replace- Monocephalus {i)ion-o-scf' -al-us) [//<5rof,
ment of the hydrogen in one atom of am- single; ^f^n?;), head]. monster consisting A
monia by basic radicles. of a single head with two bodies more or less
Monarda [mo-nar'-dali) [after N. Moua!-des, completely fused.
a Spanish physician]. A genus of labiate Monochlorid [mon-o-kio'-rid). See Mono-
plants, comprising M. bistulosa,
wild ber- broniid.
gamot, M. didyma, bee-balm, and M. punc- \Aonoz\\ox^2i{mon-o-ko-rc' -ah) [//w^f, single ;

tata, horse-mint. The last is diaphoretic, chorea'\. Chorea confined to a single mem-
carminative, and stimulant. It is also a ber or part of the body.
source of thymol. Monochroic (moii o-kro'-ik) [/ôrof, single ;
Monas [mon'-as) [iiovaq, nmi]. A genus of j/jwf, color]. Having only one color. Arterial
infusorians. blood is monochroic.
Monaster (w(v;-^j^-/(?r) [//orof, single; aarijp,
Monochromatic [mon-o-kro-mat' -ik). See
See Karyokinesis.
Mother-star. JMonoihroic.
star].
Monatomic {mon-at-om' -ik) [//di'or,' single ;
Monocle [inon' -o-kl) [//orof, single oailus, ;
liToiîoq, atom].
I. Having but one atom of eye]. I. A lens for one eye only. 2. A
replaceable hydrogen, as a M. acid. 2. bandage for one eye.
Having only one atom, as a M. molecule. Monococcus [tnon-o-kok'-us) [//oiw, single ;
3. Having the combining power of one KOKKOc, grain]. A coccus occurring in single
atom of hydrogen, as a M. radicle. 4. individuals ;
one not united in chains or
Formed by the replacement of one hydrogen- pairs.
atom in a compound by a radicle, as a M. Monocranus [))ion-ok' -7-a)i-us) [//oi'Of, single;
alcohol. /i/Kn'/Ki', cranium], A double monster hav-
Monerula {mon-er'-ii-lali) \_iior//i)}/r, single]. ing a single cranium.
The impregnated ovum at a stage when it Monocular {fiion-ok'-ii-lar) [//oi'of, single ;
has no nucleus. I. Pertaining to or affecting

eye].
oiitlus,
Monilethrix (ytnoniU -eth-7-iks) \_monile, a only one eye, as M. diplopia performed ;
An affection of the with one eye only, as M. vision. 2. Hav-

necklace; ff/)/^,.hair].
hair in which nodes are strung regularly or ing a single ocular or eye-piece, as a M.
irregularly along the hair-shaft, giving it a microscope.

beaded ajipcarance. Monogastric (îiiou
- o -
âs'- frik) [îiovoc,
sin-
Moniliform {mon-il' -if-orm) \_nionile, neck- gle ; yaaTlip, stomach]. Having one stom-
lace ; forma, form]. Shaped like a neck- ach or one belly.
lace beaded or a Monogenesis sin-
; bead-like, resembling {mou-o-jen'-es-is) \jL6voq,
string of beads. gle ; )rrf(j/r, origin]. I.
Development of
Monilithrix iyinonil' -ith-riks). See Moni/- offspring rcsem!)Iing the parent, as distin-
lilu'ix. guished from metagenesis. 2. Hevelopment
Monkshood [miuikz'-kood). See Aeonile. from a singie hermaphroditic parent asexual ;
Mono- {mon'-o-') [//oi'Of, single]. A prefix reproduction. 3. Origin of all organisms
signifying one or single. from a single cell.

MONOHYDRIC MONSTROSITY
Monohydric i^mon-o-hi' -drik') [udi'o^-, single ;
Monoxid (monoks'-id). See Motiobromid.
water].
i,'(Sa)/5, Containing one atom of re- Monro, Foramen of. See Foramina, Ta-
placeable hydrogen, as M. acid, M. alcohol. ble of.
Monoiodid {înon - o-V- o- did). See Alono- Mons (w(5//3) [L.]. Amountain. M. veneris,
broinid. the eminence in front of the symphysis pubis
fJionolocular [ won-o-lo/y-u-Iar). See I7m- of the woman.
locular. Monsel's Salt. Ferric subsulphate, a solu-
Monomania [nioyi
- o - 7>ia'- tie -
ah) [ fzovoc,
tion of which, Monsel's Solution, or Li-
single ;
madness ]. A form of insanity
finria, quor ferri subsulphatis (U. S. P.), is used as a
characterized by a limited disturbance of the styptic.
mental functions that dominates the person's Monster {mon'-ster) \_monstni»i'\. An in-
thought and actions. dividual that by reason of congenital faulty
Monomaniac [tnon- o
-
ma^-ne - ak) [//oi'of, development is incapable of properly perform-
single; /zai'/n, madness]. A person affected ing the vital functions, or that owing to an
with monomania. excess or deficiency of parts differs in a
Monomphalus {Dion
- om' - fal - tis) [woi'of, marked degree from the normal type of the
single ; bit<t>aA6q, navel]. A double mon- species.
ster united by a common umbilicus. Monstrosity {jnon-stros'-it-e) \_monstrum, a
Mononuclear {mon-o-nn' -kle-ar). See Uni- monster]. I. The condition of a monster.
nuclear. 2. A monster.
-
o - es -
Monoparesis [mon par'- is) \_ii6vo(i,
single; ndpeaic, paresis]. Paralysis of a

single part of the body, as of one limb. TABLE OF MONSTROSITIES.*
Monophasia ( mon - o -fa'- ze -ah) [ fiovoQ, According to Geoffrov Saint- Hilaire, Al-
single; (paiai. to speak]. form of aphasia, A tered BY Hirst and Piersol.
in which speech is limited to a single syllable,
word, or phrase. HEMITERATA.
Monophobia (mon -
o -
fo'- be
-
ah) [ fiovog, I. ANOMALIES OF VOLUME.
single; i^d/'Sof, fear]. Morbid dread of being A. Of Stature.
alone. 1. General Diminulion, as in a dwarf-
See delayed growth.
Monoplasmatic [inon-o-plaz-mat'-ik). 2. General Increase, as in a giant pre- —
A/ouop/astic. cocious development.
Monoplast [nton'- o
-
B. Of Volu.me, strictly speaking.
n?Mt7aeii', to A
plast) [li6vo<;, single;
1. Local Diminution. Affecting —
form]. simple cell. a. Regions, as a limb.
Monoplastic {jnon-o-plas'-tik) \ji6voq, single ; b. Systems, as undeveloped muscles.
7r?.daaEiv, to form]. Composed of only one c. Organs, as small breasts, stenosis of
canals, etc.
substance.
2. Local increase, affecting —
Monoplegia {mon-o-ple'-je-ah) \ji6voq, single ; a. Regions, as the head.
ir'Ar/yij, stroke]. Paralysis of a single limb b. Systems, as the adipose tissue.
or of a single muscle or group of muscles. c. Organs, as large breasts in women,
lactiferous breasts in men.
It is designated as Brachial, Crural, or Facial,
when affecting the arm, the leg, or the face, IL ANOMALIES OF FORM. Single Order,
—
including deformed heads; anomalies of
respectively, and as Central (Cerebral), or Pe- shape in the stomach deformed pelves, etc.
;
ripheral, according to the seat of the causal III. ANOMALIES OF COLOR.

lesion.
A. /,'</f<;!>Hi:v,complete, partial, or imperfect,
Monops {inon'-ops). See Cyclops. as in albinism.
Monorchid, Monorchis {jnon-or'-kid, mon- B. Excess, complete, partial, or imperfect,
or'-kis) [//dror, single ; opx'C, testis]. per- A as in melanism.

C. Alteration, as in unusual color of the iris.
son who has but one testicle, or in whom one
testicle onlv has descended into the scrotum. IV. ANOMALIES OF STRUCTURE.
Monosomus, Monosomia {mon-o-so' -nuis, A. Deficiency in Consistency, as cartilagin-
ous conditions of bones.
rnon-o-so' - ine-ah)\jwvijr single , ; t76J//rt,body]. B. Excess in Consistency, as anomalous ossi-
A double monster with a single body and fication.
two heads. V. ANOMALIES OF DISPOSITION.
Monospasm [luon' -o-spazni) \_iL6voq, single; A. BV DiSPLACKMENT.
GTraaiwi,spasm]. Spasm affecting limited I. Of the splanchnic organs, as anomal-
one side of the face, a single limb,

areas, as
ous direction of heart or stomach,
or a single muscle or muscle-group. It is
hernias, exstrophy of the bladder,
etc.
designated as Brachial, Crural, or Facial,
* witli the kind consent of the Pub-
according to the part aftected, and as Cen- Reproduced,
"
Hutnan Monstrosities," by Barton
lishers, from
tral (Cerebral) or Peripheral, according to
Cooke Hirst, m. n., and George A. Piersol, m.d.
the seat of the causal lesion. Philadelphia: Lea Brothers & Co., 1892.
MONSTROSITY MONSTROSITY
2. Of the nonsplanchnic organs, as 1. Internal hermaphrodites. Forma-
club-foot, cur\atu!e of the spine, tion of vas deferens and tubes.
misplaced teeth, misplaced blood- 2. External hermaphrodites. Approach
vessels, etc. of the external genitals to the male
B. By Change ok Connection. type.
1. Anomalous articulations. 3. Complete hermaphrodites (internal
2. Anomalous implantations, as teeth and external). Masculine forma-
out of line. tion of tlie external genitals and
3. Anomalous attachments, as of mus- of a part of the sexual tract.
cles and ligaments.
4. Anomalous branches, as of arteries
and nerves. MONSTERS.
Anomalous openings, as ^f veins
5.
into the left auricle, of the ductus CLASS I.— SINGLE MONSTERS.
choledochus in an unusual situa- Order I. — Autositic Monsters.
tion, of thevagina into the rectum,
of the rectum into the male urethra, Phocomelus
Species i. Ec-
of the rectum at the umbilicus, tromelus, . .
Hemimelus
etc. Micromelus
C. In Continuity. Ectromelus
Genus I,
1. Anomalous imprrforations, as of
rectum, vulva, vagina, mouth, Symelus
Species 2, Uromelus
esophagus.
2. Anomalous union of organs, as of Sirenomelus
kidneys, testicles, digits, teeth, Aspalasoma
ribs adhesion of the tongue to the
;
Single species, Agenosoma

palate. Cyllosoma
D. By Closure, as in complete transverse Genus II, Celosoma, .
Schistosoma
septum in the vagina. Pleurosoma
E. By Disjunction. Celosoma
1. Anomalous perforations, as persist-
ence of foramen ovale, ductus ar- Notencephalus
teriosus, urachus. Proencephalus
Species I. Ex-
2. Anomalous divisions, as splits, fis- Podencephalus
encephalus, .
sures in various organs, hare-lip, Hyperencephalus
hypospadias, fissured tongue, cleft Iniencephalus
palate, fissured cheek. Exencephalus
Genus
VI. ANOMALIES OF NUMBER AND EXIST- III,
Species 2.P.«^;<- Nosencephalus
ENCE. dencephalus, Thiipsencephalus
1. By nwneric defect, as absence of Pseudencephalus
muscles, vertebrae, ribs, digits, Species 3. An-
teeth, a lung, a kidney, the uterus, Derencephalus
encephalus, .
the bladder, etc. Anencephalus

2. By numeric excess, as supernum-
erary digits, ribs, teeth, breasts, a Ethmocephalus
double uterus. Species i. Cy- Cebocephalus
clocephalus, Rhinocephalus
I Cyclocephalus
I. Siomocephalus
HETEROTAXIS. Genus IV,
Sphenocephalus
I. Splanchnic Inversion. Species 2. Oto- Otocephalus
II. General Invfrsion. cephalus, . .
Edocephalus
HERMAPHRODITES.* i Opococephalus
[ Triocephalus
I. True Hermaphrodites.
a. Bilateral hermaphrodites. Order II, — Omphalositic Monsters.
b. Unilateral hermaphi odites. '
c. Lateral hermaphiodites. Species i. Par- Paracephalus

II. Pseudohermaphrodites, with double acephalus, .
Omacephalus
sexual formation of the external geni- Hemiacephalus
tals, but vvitli unisexual development Genus I, Species 2.
of the reproductive glands (ovaries and Acephalus
Acephalus, .
Peracephalus
testicles).
a. Male pseudohermaphrodites (with tes- Mylacephalus
Species 3. Aso-
ticles).
1. Internal pseudohermaphrodites. De- mata, . . .
velopment of uterus masculinus. Genus II, Single species, Anideus.

2. External pseudohermaphrodites.
External genitals apjiroach the CLASS II. — COMPOSITE MONSTERS.
female type; the monstrosity pre-
sents a feminine appearance and Order I. — Double Autositic Monsters.
build. A. Terata katadidyma.
3. Complete pseiidoliei'maphrodites (in- Genus I, Diprosopus
ternal and external). Uterus mas- Genus II, Dicephalus
culinus with tubes separate effer-
;
Genus III, Ischiopagus
ent canals for bladilerand uterus. Genus IV, Pygopagus
b. Female pseudohermaphrodites (with B. Terata anadidyma.
ovaries). Persistence of male se.xual
parts. Genus I, Dipygus
Genus II, S\iicephalus
According to Klebs. Genus III, Craniopagus
MONTGOMERY'S GLANDS MORPHIN, MORPHINA
C. Teiata anakaladidyma. ing to fragments, as e.g. ,
the fetus in embry-
Genus [, Prosopothoracopagus otomy.
Genus II, Omphalopagus Mordant {inor'-danf) \_niordere, to bite]. A
Genus HI, K:u:hipagus
sulistance, such as alum, phenol anilin-
Order II. Double Parasitic Monsters. oil, that fixes the dyes used in coloring
Heteropasus textures or in .staining tissues and liacteria.
Ileterodelphus
Genus I,
Species I. Hr-
\
I
Heterodynuis Morgagni [mor-gan^-ye). An Italian anat-

terolypus, .
I Heterotypus omist of the eighteenth century. M., Cat-
l^ Heteromorphus aract of. See Calaract. Hydatid of. See
S|iecies 2. He-
toalius. Epicomus Hydatid.
Morgue {inorg) [Fr.]. A place where un-
Species i. Hypognathus known dead are exposed for identification.
Polygnathus, Paragnathus Moria {ino'-re-ah) [/lupla, folly].
A form
{Epignathus
Augnathus
of dementia characterized by talkativeness
Genus II,
Pygonielus and silliness.
Gastromelus Moribund - ib -
2. Notomelus iînor' mid) \_i/ioribiiiidiis,

Species from In a dying condition.
Cephalomelus tiioriri, to die].
Polyniiliis,
Melonielus Morioplasty {inor' -c-o-plas-te) l^/iopiov, a
Dermocyma small piece; TiAuaattv, to mold]. Plastic
Genus III, F.ndocyma, Eiidocynia surgery.
Order III -Triple Monsters. Morning-sickness. The nausea of preg-
nant women, occurring chiefly in the early
Montgomery's Glands. See Gland. months of gestation also, the imitative or
;
Monthly Courses, M. Sickness, or sympathetic nausea sometimes experienced

Monthlies, the menses. M. Nurse, a bv the husband during the wife's early preg-
nurse who attends after childhirth. nancy.
Monticulus [rnon
-
fik'- 11 -
liis) [L.]. A Morphea, Morphcea {nior-fc' -aJi) [i/aiupi/,
a
small eleyation. M. cerebelli, tlie promi- blotch]. A disease of the skin characterized
nent central portion of the superior vermi- by the presence of rounded or oval, pinkish,
form jnoccss of the cerebellum. or ivory white jiatches, due to an excess of
Moore's Test. A test for t^lucose, consist- fibrous tissue, with atrophy of the skin-
ing in tlie development of a black color when structures proper. Morphea is believed to lie
the solution is heated with potassium or so- a trophoneurosis, and

considered a circum-
is
dium hydroxid. scribed form of scleroderma. It is also

Morbid [mor'-bid^ disease]. Per-
[i/iorbics, termed Addison's keloid, or circumscribed
taining or diseased parts.
to disease M. scleroderma. M., Acroteric, the form in
Anatomy, the anatomy of organs or tissues which the beginning and the greatest inten-
in a state of disease. sityof the disease are at the extremities. M.,
Morbidity iînor-bid' -it-c) \_iiiorbiis, disease]. Herpetiform, that in which the lesions fol-
I. The quality of disease or of being dis- low those of herpes in their distribution.
eased. 2. The
conditions inducing disease. Morphia {mor'-fc-ali). See Morphiti.
3. The ratio of the number of sick individu Morphin, Morphina (mor'-fiii, mor-fd-ttah)
als to the total population of a place. \_Morp/iriis, god of C,-II|,,NO., -f
sleep]",
Morbific {^mor-bif'-il;) [nioihus, disease; II.,0. A
colorless or white crystalline alka-
faicri\ to make]. Producing disease. loid obtained from opium, to which the chief
Morbilli [nior-biF-i) [jil.
: dim. of morbus, effects of the latter are due. It differs from
disease]. Mea.sles. opium in being less stimulant, less constipat-
Morbus i^/iior'-biis) [L. ]. Disease. M. ad- ing, and less likely to produce disagreeable
disonii, Addison's Disease. M. angli- after-effects. On account of its insolubility
cus, rachitis. M. basedowii. See Ex- in water, morphin is used principally in the
oplithalmic Goiter. M. brightii. See form of its salts. The dose of the salts of
Bright's Disease. M. caducus, e]jilepsy. morphin is gr.
Y^-}^ (0.008-0.032). M.
M. celsi, catalepsy. M. ceruleus, con- acetate, morphinoe acetas, Cj^HjtiNOjCj-
genital cyanosis. M. coxarius, co.xalgia. HÔ.^ -|- 3II.2O. From it are prepared Liciuor
M. divinus, epilepsy. M. gallicus, syph- morphinre acetatis (B. P.) (gr. ss to the flui-
ilis. M. maculosus werlhofii, purpura dram), dose TTLxx-x1 (1.3-2.6), and Injectio
hremorrhagica. M. magnus, epilepsy. M. morphinre hy]iodermica (gr. j in lo minims).
medicorum, the mania of those who seek the M. hydrochlorate, morphinre hydrochloras,
advice of physicians for imaginary diseases. C,.II,yN()3.IICl 3ll.p.
-I-
Frorn it are pre-
M. regius, jaundice. M. sacer, epilepsy. pared Liquor morphinac hydrochloratis (B.
Morcellation [mor-scl-a'-sJuDi) [Fr. inorc'icr, P.) (gr. ss to the fluidram), dose JTLxv-xxx
to cut up or parcel out]. The art of reduc- (1.0-2.0); Suppositoria morphinie (B. P.)
MORPHINISM MOTHER
(gr. ss each) ;
Tinctura chloiofonni et morrhuin (G,,,I l.^jN^). Cod liver oil is used in
phinje (gr. y^ to the fluidram) Trochisci ; pulmonary and other forms of tuberculosis,
morphince (B. P.) (gr. -Jg), and Trochisci and in wasting conditions due to other causes.
niori>hina; et ipecacuanhi\i (B. P.) (gr. ^\,). Dose f.:^j-f^^ss (4.0-16.0).
M. phthalate (unorticial) is employed hy- Morrhuin {iiior'-u-iii). See JSlonhna.
j)odeiinically. M. sulphate, nior[ihinie sul- Morrhuol \inor'-u-ol). See Morrhua.
phas (C,,H,;,N03),H.,SO^ 5H,0. From + Mors {morz) [L.]. Death.
it are prepared Liquor morphine sulphatis
: Morsus [//io/-'-si(s)[L.]. A bite. M. dia-
(B. P.), dose ni_,x-xl (0.65-4.0); Pulvis boli, the fimbriated extremity of the oviduct.
inorphinse compositus, Tully's powder, dose Mortal lal) \_inortalis, from mors,
(i)ior'
-
gr. .\
(0.65), containing gr. y^ (o.oi) of nior- death]. Liable to death or dissolution ; ter-
phin sulphate Trochisci morphina; compos-
; minating in death causing death
; deadly. ;
iti U. S. P.), each containing gr. ^L (0.0016),

( Mortality [inor-tal'-it-e) \^mors, death], i.
and Liquor morphina; hypodermicus (N. F. ), The quality of being mortal. 2. The death-
Magendie's solution, containing 16 grains to rate.
the tluidounce. M. tartrate (unotlicial) is Mortar [/iior'-hir) \jiiortariunt, an urn]. An
eniiiloyed for hypodermic use. urn-shaped vessel of porcelain, iron, or glass,
Morphinism [inor' -fin-iziii') \7norphin\ i. for pulverizing substances by means of a
The condition caused by the habitual use of pestle.
morphin. 2. The morphin-habit. Mortification [mor-iif-ik-a' -shun.) See Gan-
Morphinomania, Marphiomania [iiior-Jin- grene.
o-ina' -ne-ah, uior - fe - o - ma' ne ah) [//lor- - -
Morton's Foot [T. G. Morton, an American
phm ; iiavla, madness]. I. A morbid crav- surgeon]. A ]iainful affection of the meta-
ing for morphin. 2. Insanity due to the tarsophalangeal joint of the fourth toe. See
morphin habit. Diseases, 7 'able of.
Morphography {//u>r-/og'-ra-/f)\_fiop<j»'/,{orm ; Mortuary [inor'-tu-a-re) \_iuortuarium, a
tomb; from I. A house for
ypiKficiv, to write]. .See Morphology. ///('rj-, death].
form burial. 2. Relating to death or
Morphologic {j>tor-fo-loj'-ik) \_uop(plj, ; temporary
/6}()^-, science]. Pertaining to morphology. burial.
Morphology [nior-fol' -o-je) \_iiopîi,

fonn ;
Morula {inor'- u lah) [dim. of moruiu, a
-
science].
'AoyoQ, The science that treats of mulberry]. The solid mass of cells result-
the fonn and structure of organized beings. ing from the complete segmentation of the
Morphometry [/nor-forn'-et-re) [fioix!)/'/,
form ;
vitellus of an ovum.
fiirpov, measure]. The measurement of the Morulation [i/ior-u-la'-shitn) \_niorula,

a lit-
forms of organisms. tlemulberry]. The formation of the morula

Morphon (inor' -foil) \jiop(^r], form]. An in- during the process of the segmentation of
dividual element of an organism, character- the egg.
ized by a definite form, as a cell or a segment Morus [iiio'-rus] [L.]. See Mulberry.
of a vertebrate. Morvan's Disease. vSee Diseases, Table of.
Morphosis (jnor-fo'-sis) form]. The

\_pap(pf/,
Moschus [mos'-hus) [jtoaxor, musk]. See
act, mode, or order of formation of an or- Musk.
ganism. Mosquito [ill
us- he' -to) [Sp., a little gnat].
Morphotic [mor-foi'-ili) \_fiop<^6f.(v to form]. ,
An Culex mosquito, the sting of
insect, the
Pertaining to morphosis entering into the
;
which causes the formation of a wheal that
formation of the framework of an organism. itches intensely.
M. Proteids, those that enter into the struc- Moss I. A small cryp-
[AS., ///c'o.v, moss].
ture of the tissues. togamic plant of the natural order Musci.
Morpio (inor' -pe-o) [L.]. The crab-louse. M., Ceylon. See Agar-agar. M., Club.
Morrhua (/w;''/^-«/?) [L.]. The cod. Oleum See Lvcopocliu/J/. M., Corsican. See C't;;-
morrhuae, cod-liver oil, a fixed oil obtained siean Moss. M., Iceland. See Chondrus.
from the fresh livers of Gadus morrhua, or M., Irish. See Carragheen.
of other species of Gadus. Three varieties of Moth [AS., niodde, moih']. Chloasma.
oil are known in commerce a white or pale-— Mother {muth'-er) [AS., vwder, mother].
yellow, a brownish-yellow, and a dark- I. A
female parent. 2. The source of any-
brown. The oil contains gaduin (Q-j-H^gO,,), thing. M.-cell, a cell from which other cells
oleic, palmitic, stearic, myristic, and physe- are formed, especially one the nucleus of
tolic acids, glycerol, butyric and acetic acids, which is undergoing karyokinetic changes
biliary pigments, iodin, and bromin. A crys- preparatory to dividing into daughter-cells.
talline substance, morrhuol, containing phos- M. -liquor, the licpiid remaining after dis-
phorus, iodin, and bromin, has also been solved substances have .sejiarated by crystal-
isolated, as well as several leukomains and lization. M.'s Mark, a birth-mark. See
the fixed bases, asellin (C^^Hj^N^) and mor- Nevus.
MOTHER MUCILAGE
Mother {viuth' -er) [allied to AS., viiid\ A respiration through the mouth instead of, as
slimy film formed on the surface of ferment- normally, through the nose
ing liquid, as, e. g., on vinegar. Movement [moov'-iiient) \_moi.'ere, to move].
Motile [mo' -til) \^>novei-e, to move]. Able The act of moving. M., Ameboid, a move-
to move; capable of spontaneous motion, as ment produced in certain cells, as the white
a motile flagellum. corpuscles, by the protrusion of processes of
Motility [mo-til' -it-e) \jnovere, to move]. the protoplasm into which the whole cell then
Ability to move spontaneously. seems to How so-called from the resemblance
;
Motion [im/-shun) [movere, to move], i. of the movement to that of the ameba.

The act of changing place. 2. An evacu- M., Associated, an involuntary movement
ation of the bowels ;
the matter evacuated. in one part when another is moved volun-
Motor to move], i. Mov- M., Brownian, a physical phenom-
(w<7^-A>;') [wozv;v, tarily.
ing or causing motion. 2. Concerned in or enon, a form of communicated motion
pertaining to motion, as M. cell, M. center, observed in aggregations of minute particles,
M. nerve. M. Aphasia, '^se Aphasia. M. and consisting of a rapid, oscillating move-
Area, the portion of the cerebral hemisphere ment without change of the relative position
presiding over voluntary motion, including the of the moving particles. M., Ciliary, a
precentral and postcentral gyri, the posterior lashing movement produced by delicate
part of the three frontal gyri and the paracen- hair-like processes termed cilia, as on the
tral lobule on the median surface of the epithelium of the respiratory tract and in
hemisphere. M. oculi, the third cranial or certain microorganisms. M., Circus-, rapid
oculomotor nerve supplying all the muscles circular movements or somersaults, produced
of the eye, except the superior oblique and by injury of the corpus striatum, of the optic
external rectus. M. Points, the points on thalamus, or of the crus cerebri of one side.
the surface of the body where the various M., Communicated, that produced by a force
branches of the motor nerves supplying the acting from without opposed to spontane-
;
muscles may be stimulated by electricity. ous movement M., Fetal, the movementsof
Motorial [mc-to'-re-al) \_movere.\.ovi\ov&'\. Of the fetus in utero. M., Forced, movement
or pertaining to motion. M. End-plate, an of the body from injury of the motor centers
eminence of protoplasm within the sarcolem- or the conducting paths, as, e.g., index M.,
ma of a muscular fiber, representing the ter- when the cephalic part of the body is moved
mination of the motor nerve-fiber. about the stationary caudal part rolling M.,
;
Motorium [mo-to' -re-tim) \_movere, to move]. when the animal rolls on its long axis. M.,
I. A motor center. 2. The motor apparatus Molecular. Synonym of J/., Broiunian.
of the body, both nervous and muscular, con- Moxa [moks'-ah) [from the Japanese]. A
sidered as a unit. combustible material which is applied to the
Mottling [mot'-li?ig) [OF., tnatelle, clotted, skin and ignited for the purpose of producing
curdled] . A spotted condition. an eschar. It is prepared from several siêcies
Mould [mold). See Mold. of Artemisia artificial moxa is made from
;
Mountain [nnnvn' -ten) [w<vw, mountain]. A cotton saturated with niter. M. -bearer, or
high hill. M. Anemia, ankylostomiasis. Porte-moxa, an instrument for applying the
M. Fever, M. Sickness, i. A condition moxa.
characterized by dyspnea, rapid pulse, head- Mucedin [mn'-se-din) [muais, mucus]. A
ache, nausea, and vomiting, depending upon nitrogenous substance obtained from gluten.
the rarefied state of the air at high altitudes. Mucic Acid [mu'-sik), CgHjÔg. A crys-
This is properly called mountain-sickness. 2. talline dibasic acid produced by the oxidation
A form of typhoid fever occurring in moun- of gums and certain sugars.
tainous districts. Mucigen [mu'-sij-en) [mucus, mucus yevvav.
;
Mounting [mozun'-ting) [7110ns, mountain]. to produce]. A substance producing mucin;

The act of arranging objects, especially ana- it is contained in epithelial cells that form
tomic specimens, on a suitable support and in mucus.
a proper medium for ready examination. For Mucigenous [mii-si/-en-us) [mucus, mucus ;
macroscopic specimens the medium is usually yevvav, to produce]. Producing mucus.

alcohol, for microscopic specimens, Canada Mucilage [tmi'-sil-ij) [mncilago, moldy mois-
balsam or glycerol. ture, from muctis']. .In pharmacy, a solution
Mouth [mo7uth) [AS., ;«//9, mouth]. The of a gum in water. Mucilages (mucilagines)
commencement of the alimentary canal, the are employed as applications to irritated sur-
cavity in which mastication takes place. In faces, particularly mucous membranes, as ex-
a restricted sense, the aperture between the cipients for pills, and to suspend insoluble
lips. 2. The entrance to any cavity or canal. substances. The following are employed :
M. -breather, a person who habitually Mucilago acacix, M. amyli (B. P.), M.

breathes through the mouth. M. -breathing, sassafras meduUae, M. tragacanthse, M. ulni.
MOTOR POINTS MOTOR POINTS
Ascending frontal and parie-

tal convolutions (motor
^ area).
Frontalis. Third frontal coin- lution
[
Facial (upper). J and insula (center of
( speech).
Corrugator supercilii.
Temporalis.
Orbicularis palp. Facial (upper branch).
Nasal muscles. <
F'acial (trunk).
Zygomatici. Post, auricular.
Orbicularis oris. < (Facial (middle branch;

I lower branch).
Facial (middle).
Splenius.
Masseter.
Levator meiiti. Sternomastoideus.
Quadratus Spinal accessory.
Triangularis
Hvpoglossus. Levator anguli sc2 ûlse.
Facial (lower). Trapezius.
Dorsal is scapulae (rhomboids).
Hyoid muscles. \
Circumflex.
Omohyoideus.
/Long thoracic, (serratus
Ext. anterior t magnus).
thoracic (pec-
toralis major).
Phrenic ,^—i>—-~_—— ~-~., Brachial Plexus.

Fifth and sixth cer-
vical (deltoid, bi-
ceps, brachialis, su-
pin. longus).
Motor Points of Face and Neck.
Crural. \ Tensor vag

J femoris.
Obturator.
Pectineus. Sartorius.
Adductor magnus. Quadriceps (common po''nt).

Adductor longus.
Rectus femoris.
Cruralis.
}-astus extern.
Vastus intern. <
Mc:or Points of Anterior Aspect of Left Thigh.

3 i « .
a 3 =
Q
"I Gluteus maxi-

1 mus.
Sciatic.
^1 Adductor inagnus.
Semitendinosus.
Biceps ((cap. Ions.). Semimembranosus.
femo- J
K (cap. brev.).
Peroneal. Post, tibial.
Gastrocnemius )
(cap. ext.). J f Gastrocnemius

\ (cap. int.).
Soleus Soleus.
(Flexor digit.
I
comm. long.
Flexor long, hallucis.
Tibial.
Motor Points of Posterior Aspect of Left Thigh and L«g.
Peroneal.
Gastrocnemius.
Tibialis anticus. Peroneus long.
Ext. digit, long,
Soleus.
Peroneus brevis.
Extensor hal-) Flex, hallucis

lucis longus. J long.
Ext. digit, brev.

Interossei f
dorsales. ( Abductor
/
\ min. digit.
Motor Points of Outer Aspect of Left Leg.

28
MUCILAGINOUS MULTILOBULAR
Mucilaginous {mit-sil-aj'-in-tis) \jnucilago, pecially of children. M. Patch, a flattened
from mucus, mucus]. Pertaining to or of the grayish-white exudate, occurring in second-
nature of mucilage. ary syphilis on mucous membranes and at
Mucilago [!nn-sil-a'-go). See Mucilage. mucocutaneous junctions. M. Polyp, a soft,
Mucin [luu'-siu] \_ni
uc us, An albu-
mucws]. gelatinous outgrowth from a mucous mem-
minoid substance, the characteristic con- brane ;
it
may be a true usu- myxoma, but
stituent of mucus. It is supposed to be pro- ally a hyperplasia due to chronic inflam-
is
duced by the union of an albuminous body mation. M. Tissue, a form of connect-

and a colloid carbohydrate, the animal gum ive tissue in which the intercellular sub-
of Landwehr. Mucin occurs in saliva, bile, stance is of a soft, gelatinous character and
secretions of mucous membranes, synovia, in contains mucin. The cells from pressure
mucous tissue, in certain cysts, etc. It is assume a stellate or spindle-shape.
insoluble in water, and is precipitated by al- Mucuna [mu-ku'-nak) [Braz.]. genus of A
cohol and acetic acid. leguminous herbs. M. pruriens, cowhage,
Mucinoblast {>iiu-sin^-o-blas() [mucus, mu- the hairs of the pods of which were formerly
cus; (ilaaTor, a germ]. The same as A/cist used as a vermifuge and counterirritant.
Cell, q. V. Its function is to elaborate mu- Mucus [mu'-kus) [L. ]. The viscid liquid
cin. secreted by mucous membranes. It consists
Mucinogen [mzi-sin^-o-jen) \_i?nccus, mvLCMs;

of water, mucin, and inorganic salts, together
yevvav, to produce]. The antecedent princi- with epithelial cells, leukocytes, etc., held
ple from which mucin is derived. in suspension.
Mucinoid {mu' -
sin -
oid ) \j)iucus, mucus; Mud-bath. See Bath.
f/(^')f, like]. Resembling mucin. Muguet [i/iu-gtca') [Fr. ]. Thrush.
Mucinuria [mu-siu-u'-rc-ali) [w2/«m, mucus ;
Mulberry [mul'-ber-e) [morus, mulberry-
urina, urine]. The presence of mucin in the tree; bcrrv, (rom AS., dcrigc'l. A tree of the
urine. natural order Urticarite. Morus nigra is the
Muciparous [mu-sip'-ar-us) \_mucus,xtM.d\x=>\ source of Mori succus of the B. P., the lat-
parere, to bring forth]. Secreting or pro- ter being used to make Syrujius mori (B.
ducing mucus. P.). Both are employed as drinks in fevers
Mucocele [mu'-ko-se/) [^mucus, mucus; hv;?^, and as additions to gargles in ])haryngitis.
tumor]. A tumor
formed from the distention The Morus alba is used as food for
of
fruit
of the lacrimal sac by mucus. silk-worms.Mulberry Calculus. See Cai-
Mucocutaneous (inu-ko-kii-ta' -ne-us\ \jnu- culus. Mulberry Mass. See Morula.
cus, mucus; cutis, .skin]. Pertaining to a Mulder's Test. A test for glucose, consist-
mucous membrane and the skin ; pertaining ing in the addition of indigo (sodium sulph-
to the lines where these join. indigotate) to the alkalinized solution and
Mucoid {?)iu'-koid) \_>fiucus, mucus; eldoq, warming. The blue color changes to violet-
like]. Resembling mucus. red, then to yellow or white, if glucose is
Mucopurulent [?)ni-ko-pu'-ru-leuf) \_mucus ; present.
mucus; pus, pus]. Containing mucus Mullein {77iul'-eti).
See Vcrl)ascum.
mingled with pus. Miiller's Fibers. The supporting fibers of
Mucopus (inu' -ko-pus) [mucus, mucus ; pus, the retina running transversely to its layers.
pus]. A
mixture of mucus and pus. Miiller's Fluid. A
used for hardening
fluid
Mucor [mu'-kor) [i/iucere, to be moldy]. A tissues. Its composition is as follows:
genus of hyphomycetes. M. corymbifer, Potassium dichromate, 2 to 2.5 jiarts so- ;
one found in the cerumen of the external dium sulphate, I part water, 100 parts.
;
auditory meatus. M. mucedo, a species Miiller's Muscle. I. Small bundles of non-
found on fecal matter and nitrogenous or- stri]ied muscle in the upper and lower lids,
ganic substances. assisting in elevating the former and depres-
Mucosa {niu-ko' -sail) [mucosus, mucous
— sing the latter. 2. The circular fibers of the
membranaunderstood]. Amucousmembrane. ciliary muscle. 3. The orbital muscle. .See

Mucosin [mu'-ko-siii] [mucus, mucus]. The Aluscle, Mailer's, inMuscles, 7\iblc of.
form of mucus to which the nasal, uterine, Multi- {mul'-ie-') [pi. of multus, much]. A
and bronchial mucus owe their viscosity. prefix signifying many.
Mucous (mu'-kus) [mucus, mucus]. Con- Multicellular [iiiul
-
te - scl' -
u -
lar') [multus,
taining or having the nature of mucus ; se- many ; ccllula, cell]. Many-celled.
creting mucus, as M. membrane depending Multigravida {mul -
; te-grav^-id-ali) [multus,
on the presence of mucus, as M. rales. M. many; gravidus, pregnant]. A pregnant
Casts, a term given to the casts found in the woman who has passed through one or more
feces in cases of membranous enteritis. M. pregnancies.
Catarrh, catarrhal inflammation of a mucous Multilobular [tuul- te-loh^-ttlar) [multus,
membrane. M. Disease, enterocolitis, es- many; /(7^«5, a lobe]. Many-lobed.
MULTILOCULAR MURMUR
Multilocular {înitl-te-lok'-u-!ar^ \_inHltus, added to the residue. This is the Murexid
many; lociilus, a locule or cell]. Many- Test.
celled ;
polycystic. Muriate {mu^-re-at) [/;/«;-?>?, brine]. An old
Multinuclear (jmtl-te-7iu' -kk-ar') \_mttltits,
name for a chlorid.
many; nucleus, kernel]. Having several or Muriated {mn'-re-n-led) \_mHria, brine].
many nuclei. Containing chlorin or a chlorid.
Multipara [/nul-tip'-ar-ak) [_nmltus, many; y\.\\x\2i\.\z{mu-rc-at'-ik) \_muria,h\\x\ft\. Per-
parere, to
bring forth]. i. A pregnant taining to'brine. M. Acid. See Acid, Hy-
woman who has already borne one or more drochloric.
children. It has been customary to de- Murmur (mer'-mer) [L., a murmur]. A
signate the number of the pregnancy of a blowing or rasjjing sound heard on ausculta-
multipara by the unpronouncealjle terms II- tion. M., Accidental, a murmur dependent
para, Ill-para, IV-para, etc. More commend- on an accidental circumstance, as e.g., on
able would be the following terms : Secundi- compression of an artery by the stetho-
para, Tertipara, Quartipara, Quintipara, Sex- scope. M., Anemic. See M., Hemic.
tipara, Seplimipara, Octavipara, Nonipara, M., Aneurysmal, or aneurysmal bruit, the
Decimipara, etc., to designate respectively a murmur or bruit heard over an aneurysm.
woman in her second, third, fourth, etc., See Bruit. M., Arterial, the sound made
pregnancy. 2. A woman bearing several off- by the arterial current. M., Blood-. See
spring at a birth. M., Hemic. M., Cardiac, any adventi-
Multiparous [iiiul-tip' -ar-us) \_niuUus, many ; tious sound heard over the region of the
parere, to bring forth]. Having borne sev- heart. In relation to their seat of generation,
eral cliildren. cardiac murmurs are designated as mitral, aor-
Multiple many pUare,
[iiiul' -tip-l') [înultns, ; tic, tricuspid, and pulmonary ;according to the
to fold]. Manifold; affecting many parts at period of the heart's cycle at which they oc-
the same time. M. Neuritis. ^&& Neuritis. cur they are divided into systolic, those occur-
M. Sclerosis. See Sclerosis. ring during the systole diastolic, those occur-
;
Multipolar [»iuI-(e-po^-lar) \_multus, many; ring in diastole presystolic and prediastolic,

;
polus, a pole]. Having more than one pole ;

those occuiring just before systole and dias-
as M. nerve-cells, those having more than tole respectively. M., Cardiopulmonary,
one process. one produced by the impact of the heart against
Multivalent (jnul-tiv^ -al-ent) \_tiiultus, many ;
the lung. M., Direct, a murmur produced
valere, to be worth]. In chemistry, com- by obstruction to the blood-current as it is
bining with more than two atoms of a univa- passing in its normal direction. M., Duro-
lent element. ziez's, the double murmur sometimes heard
Mummification {mum-if-ik-a' -shun) \jnuni- in the femoral artery in aortic regurgitation.
my, from Pers. mum, wax facere, to make].
, ; M., Dynamic, one resulting from tumultuous
The change of a part into a hard dry mass , ;
and irregular action of the heart. M., En-
dry gangrene. docardial, a murmur produced within the
Mumps [Du., mompen, to mumble]. An cavities of the heart. M., Exocardial, a
acute infectious disease characterized by murmur connected with the heart, but pro-
swelling of the parotid and at times of the duced outside of its cavities. M., Flint's, a
other salivary glands. After a period of murmur sometimes heard at the apex of the
incubation of from two to three weeks, the heart in aortic regurgitation. It is generally
disease begins with fever and pain be- presystolic in time and is probably due to the
low the ear; soon a tense, painful swelling fact that on account of the extreme ventric-
forms in the region of the parotid gland, ren- ular dilatation the valves cannot be forced
dering mastication and deglutition difficult back against the walls and produce a relative
and painful. In the course of a week the narrowing of the auriculoventricular orifice.
swelling subsides without suppuration. The M., Friction-, a sound produced by the rub-
most frequent complication
'
is orchitis ;
in bing of two inllaiiied serous surfaces upon each
rare cases the ovaries are affected. other. M., Functional, a cardiac murmur
Mural [mu'-ral) \_mnrus, wall]. Pertaining occurring from excited action of the heart or
to a wall, as a M. fibroid. M. Gestation, anemic condition of the individual, without
M. Pregnancy, i^regnancy in the uterine any structural change in the valves or orifices.
extremity of a I'allopian tube. M., Hemic, a sound believed to be due to
Murexid {mu-reks'-id) [»/ure.v, the purple- changes in the quality or amount of the blood,
fish] Cgllj^NpOg -|- HjO.
, Ammonium purpu- and not to lesions of the vessels or valves. It
rate, a dichroic crystalline salt obtained from is heard especially in anemic conditions.
guano and used as a dye. It is also formed M., Indirect, one produced by the blood
when a solution of uric acid or urates is flowing in a direction contrary to the normal
evaporated with nitric acid and ammonia current. M., Inorganic, a murmur not due
MURPHY'S BUTTON MUSCLE
to valvular lesionsa hemic or a functional
;
muscaria. It causes depression of the action
murmur. M., Musical, a cardiac nuirniur of the heart and the respiration, increases
having a musical quality. M., Organic, a the excretions of the salivary and lacrimal
murmur due to structural changes in the glands and of the intestines, and produces
heart. contraction of the pupil.
TABLE OF ENDOCARDIAL MURMURS.
Time.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
shaped fibers or cells. M., Involuntary, one sinogen, myoglobulin,myoalbumoses, and
not under the control of the will, as the non- albumin. M.-rod, one of the ultimate
striated muscles. M., Nonstriated, one com- divisions of the dim band of a muscle-
posed of spindle-shaped muscle-fibers. See compartment. M., Skeletal, any one of
Muscular Tissue. M., Papillary, the mus- the muscles attached to and acting on the
cular eminences in the ventricles of the skeleton. M., Striated, M., Striped, a
heart, from which the corda; tendinece arise. muscle constituted of striped muscle-fibers.
M. -plasma, the fluid portion of the muscle- See Alusiular Tissue. M. -sugar. See
tissue. It is neutral or alkaline and spon- hiosite. M., Unstriated, M., Unstriped.
taneously coagulable, and contains myosino- See M., A'onstriated. M., Voluntary.
gen (the coagulable substance), paramyo- See M., Striped.
TABLE OF MUSCLES (ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY).
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Muscles of the Face and Neck.

Frontal muscle. 2. Occipital muscle. 3, 3.
Epicranial aponeurosis. 4. Temporal mus-
cle. 5. Retraliens aurem. 6. Orbicularis
palpebrarum. 7. Levator labii superioris
et altcque nasi. 8. Dilator naris. g. Com-
pressor naris. 9'. Pyramidalis nasi. 10.
Zygomatic minor. 11. Zygomatic major.
12. Masseter. 13. Levator anguli oris. 14.
Levator labii superioris. 15. Orbicularis
oris. 16. Buccinator. :6'. Depressor
anguli oris. 17. Depressor labii inferi-
oris. 18. Levator labii inferioris. 19.
Sternomastoid. 20. Trapezius. 21. Di-
and stylohyoid. 22. Anterior
fastric
elly of digastric. 23. Pulley for tendon
of digastric. 24, 24. Omohyoid. 25.
Sternohyoid. 26. Thyrohyoid. 27. My-
lohyoid. 28.
Splenius capitis. 29. Sple-
nius colli. 30. Levator anguli scapulae.
31. Scalenus posticus. 32. Scalenus anti-
cus.
ll,p,i«-5.^^;/
Muscles of Suprahyoid and Infra-

hyoid Regions.
. Posterior belly of digastric. 2.
Stylohyoid. 3. Anterior belly of
digastric. 4. Tendon and pulley
of digastric. 5. Anterior belly of
right digastric. 6. Mylohyoid.
7. Hyoglossus. 8. Sternal fibers
of right sternomastoid. 9. Ster-
nal fibers of left sternomastoid.
10. Sternohyoid. 11. Tendon of
omohyoid. 12. Thyrohyoid. 13.
Sternothyroid. 14. Inferior con-
strictor of pharyn.x. 15.Trachea.
16. Esophagus. 17. Rectus capi-
tis anticus major. 18. Longus
colli. 19. Scalenus anticus.
20, 20.Scalenus posticus. 21, 21.
Levator anguli scapulse. 22.
Splenius capitis. 23, 23. Splenius
colli. 24. Trapezius. 25. At-
tachment of sternomastoid. 26.
Retrahens aurem. 27. Occipital
portion of occipitofrontal. 28.
Deltoid. 29. Attachment of pec-
torales majores to sternum. 30.
External intercostal. 31. Inter-
nal intercostal.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Con/imied.
Name,
MUSCLES MUSCLES
The Sternocleidomastoid Muscle.

Muscles of the Suprahyoid and
Infrahyoid Regions.
I. Anterior belly of digastric. 2.
Posterior belly. 3. Tendon
and pulley for tendon. 4. Stvlo-
hyoid. 5. Mylohyoid. 6. tfvo-
glossus. 7. Sternocleidomas-
toid. S.Anterior or sternal por-
tion. 9. Posterior or clavicular
portion. 10. Left sternohyoid.
II. Right sternohjoid. 12, 12.
Omohyoid. 13, 13. Thyrohyoid.
14, 14, Sternothyroid. 15.
14.
Anterior portion of inferior
constrictor of pharynx. 16. Oc-
cipital muscle. 17, 17. Retra-
hens aurem. 18. Trapezius.
19. Splenius capitis. 20. Splen-
ius colli. 21. Levator anguli
scapulas. 22. Scalenus posticus.
23. Scalenus amicus. 24. Su-
perior portion of deltoid. 25.
Superior portion of pectoralis
major. 26. Inferior and an-
terior portion of right platysma
myoides. 27. Depressor anguli
oris. 28. Depressor labii in-
ferioris. 29. Masseter. 30. Buc-
cinator.
4. 4 4 4
I
.îi J
6 S 3 12
Inferior Portion of the .Abdominal Aponeurosis.
I. External abdominal ring. 2. External pillar. 3, 3. Internal pillar. 4, 4, 4, 4. Gimbernat's ligament.
5, 5. Its attachment. 6. Intercolumnar fibers. 7. Linea alba. S. Svmphvsis pubis 9. Spermatic
""--^
cord. 10. Crural arch. 11, 11. Cribriform fascia. 12. Internal saphenous vein.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF M.\J?,CLES.— Continued.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
64
^4:
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Confmtied.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
-^,-ts
Diaphragm, Inferior Aspect.

Middle or anterior leaflet of central tendon. 2. Right leaflet. 3. Left leaflet. 4. Right cms. 5. Left
crus. 6,6. Intervals for phrenic ner\-es. 7. Muscular fibers from which the ligamenta arcuata orig-
inate. 8, 8. Muscular fibers that arise from inner surface of six lower ribs. 9. Fibers that arise from
ensiform cartilage. 10. Opening for inferior vena cava. 11. Opening for esophagus. 12. Aortic
opening. 13, 13. Upper portion of transversalis abdominis, turned upward and outward. 14, 14.
Anterior leaflet of transversalis aponeurosis. 15, 15. Quadratus lumborum. i6, 16. Psoas magnus.
17. Third lumbar vertebra.
Internal Oblique and Transversalis Abdo-

minis Muscles.
I, I. Rectus abdominis. 2, 2. Internal ob-
lique. 3, 3. Anterior leaflet of apo-
neurosis of internal oblique. 4, 4.
Divided external oblique. 5, 5. Sper-
matic cords. 6, 6. Inferior portion of
aponeurosis of external oblique. 7.
Lower portion of left rectus abdominis ;
upper portion removed. 8, 8. Muscular

portion of transversalis abdominis. 9
Aponeurotic portion. 10. Umbilicus.
II. Supra-umbilical portion of linea
alba. 12. Infra-umbilical portion. 13,
13. Serratus magnus. 14. Divided
right latissimus dorsi. 15. Divided left
latissinius dorsi. 16. Divided serratus
magnus. 17, 17. External intercostals.
18, iS. Femoral aponeurosis. 19.
Divided internal oblique.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Con^mued.
Name.
20- A-y //^':p
Muscles of the Anterior Aspect

of the Body.
. Pectoralis major. 2. Its clavic-
ular fasciculus. 3. Fasciculus
attached to abdominal aponeu-
rosis. 4, 4. External oblique.
5, 5. Serratus magnus. 6, 6. An-
terior border of latissim us dorsi.
7. Decussation of tendinous fi-
bers of pectorales majores. 8.
Eiisiform cartilage. 9, 9. Ab-
dominal aponeurosis. 10, 10.
Lineaalba. 11. Umbilicus. 12,
12, 12. Tendinous intersections
of rectus abdominis. 13, 13.
External abdominal ring. 14.
Pyramidalis. 15, 15. External
border of rectus abdominis. 16.
Sternohyoid. 17. Omohyoid.
18. Sternomastoid. 19. Cervical
portion of trapezius. 20. Del-
toid. 21. Biceps brachialis. 22.
Pectineus. 23. Sartorius. 24.
Rectus femoris. 25. Tensoi
vaginas femoris.
Muscles of Anterior Aspect of
Thorax.
I. Pectoralis major. 2. Its
clavicular portion. 3. Its
sternocostal portion. 4. Its
humeral attachment, di-
vided and displaced up-
ward. 5, 5, 5. Its fasciculi
of attachment to ribs. 6.
Pectoralis minor. 7. Sub-
clayius. 8. Deltoid. 9. In-
ferior border of pectoralis
minor. 10. Digitations of
serratus magnus. 11. Cor-
responding ditjitations of
external oblique. 12, 12.
Anterior border of latissi-
mus dorsi. 13. Its tendon of
attachment to humerus. 14.
Teres major. 15. Subscapu-
laris. 16. Long head of tri-
ceps. 17. Lower portion of
deltoid. 18, iS. Sternomas-
toid. 19. Lower portion of
Sternohyoid. 20. Trapezius,
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF M.USCL,ES.—Conimne(f.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Psoas, Iliac, Quadratus Luniborum, and

Transversalis Muscles.
I. Psoas parvus. 2. Its divided tendon.
3. Psoas magnus. 4. Its attachment to
I2lh dorsal vertebra. 5, 5, 5, 5. Its at-
tachment to bodies of first four lumbal
vertebrae. 6. Its tendon of attachment
to lesser trochaiiter. 7, 7. Iliac muscle.
8, 8. Inferior and external fibers of
iliac muscle. 9, 9. Rectus femoris.
10, ID. Obturator e.xternus. 11. Quad-
ratus luniborum. 12, 12, 12, 12. Pos-
terior portion of quadratus lumborum.
13. External portion. 14, 14. Transver-
salis abdominis. 15. Iliolumbar liga-
ment. 16. Crura of diaphragm.
Muscles of Anal and

Perineal Region.
1,1. Fmlbocavernosus
muscle (accelerator
u r i n ae ). 2. Its
fibrous raphe. 3. Its
anterior termina-
tion. 4. Ischiocav-
ernosus (erector
penis) muscle. 5.
Tendon of attach-
ment to tuber ischii.
6. Transversusperi-
nei. 7. External
sphincter ani. 8.
Aponeurotic inser-
tion into apex of
coccyx. 9. Attach-
ment to bulbocaver-
nous raphe. 10. Fi-
bers of insertion in-
to perineum, di-
vided. II. Upper
layer of external
sphincter. 12. In-
ternal sphincter.
13. Levator ani. 14.
Obturator internus.
15. Internal border
of gluteus maxi-
mus.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— CoHiinued.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Biceps and Coracobrachialis.

Biceps. 2. Short head. 3. Longhead. 4. Ten-
don of insertion into radius. 5. Bicipital
fascia. 6. Coracobrachialis. 7, S. Laminae of
tendon of insertion of pectoralis major. 9.
Attachment of latissimus dorsi. 10. Teres
major. 11. Subscapularis. 12. Brachialis anti-
cus. Long, middle, or scapular head of
13.
Superficial Muscles of Palmar Aspect of Forearm. triceps. Internal or short humeral head.
14.
I. Lower portion of biceps. 2. Bicipital fascia. 3. 15. Supinator longus. 16. Extensor carpi ra-
Tendon of insertion into radius. 4, 4. Bra- dialis longior.
chialis amicus. 5. Internal head of triceps.
6. Pronator radii teres. 7. Flexor carpi
radialis. 8. Palmaris longus. q. Its termina-
tion in palmar ligament. 10. Flexor carpi ul-
naris. 11. Its attachment to pisiform bone.
12. Supinator
longus. 13. Its attachment to
styloid process of radius. 14, 14. Extensor
carpi radialis longior. 15. Extensor carpi ra-
dialis brevior. 16. Extensor ossis
nietacarpi
pollicis. 17. Its tendon of insertion into base ment of tendons of flexor profundus digitorum
of first metacarpal bone. 18. Tendon of ex- to last phalanges of fingers. 23, 23. Lumbri-
tensor secundi iiiternodii pollicis. 24. Adductor pollicis.
19, 19. cales. 25. Us insertion
Flexor sublimis digitorum. 20, 20. Tendons into first phalanx of thumb. 26, 26. Flexor
of this muscle. 21, 21. 'iheir attachment to Flexor brevis minimi
longus pollicis. 27. digiti.
second phalanges of fingers. 22, 22. Attach- ?S. AbduQtor minimi digiti.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF M\JSCLY.S.— Continued.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Triceps Brachialis, Posterior Aspect.

I. Long, middle, or scapular head. 2. Its tendon of
origin from scapula. 3. External, or long hu-
meral head. 4. Internal, or short humeral head.
5. Common tendon. 6. Attachment to olecranon.
7. Anconeus. 8, 8. Upper portion of deltoid,
Flexor Sublimis Digitorum. posterior half removed, g. Lower portion. 10.

Supraspinatus. 11. Infraspinatus. 12. Teres
Flexor sublimis digitorum. 2. Its origin from minor, middle portion removed. 13. Insertion
the epitrochlea. 3. Its origin from coroiioid of teres minor into humerus. 14. Teres major.
process of ulna. 4, 4. Its aponeurosis of at- 15. Upper extremity of latissimus dorsi. iî.
tachment to radius. 5, 5. Superficial tendons, Supinator longus. 17. Extensor carpi radialis
for middle and ring fingers. 6, 6.
Deep ten- longior. 18. Extensor carpi ulnaris. 19. Flexor
dons, for little and index fingers. 7. Flexor carpi ulnaris.
longus pollicis. 8. Its tendon. 9, 9. Bifurca-
tion of tendons of flexor sublimis. 10, 10. In-
ter^-als between divisions. :i, 11. Tendons of
flexor profundus. 12. Tendon of flexor brachi-
alis amicus. 13. Common tendon of
origin of
superficial epitrochlear muscles. 14. Tendon
of biceps. 15. Supinator longus. 16. Its at- minimi digiti. 24. Flexor brevis minimi digiti
tachment to styloid process of radius. 17. Ex- 25. Adductor brevis pollicis.
tensor carpi ra'dialis longior. 18, iS. Tendon
of attachment of pronator radii teres, divided,
iq. Tendon of extensor carpi radialis. 20.
Triceps. 21. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 22. Its at-
tachment to pisiform bone. 23. Adductor
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF M\]SC1.Y.S.— Continued.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
,-rr"^
"r>i,
v^^
120
f.^ !
m i;M
\'.i-
't
[. Tendon of tri-
ceps. 2. Internal
head of triceps.
3. Anconeus. 4.
Humeral attach- 'IS.
ment of supinator
Hu- 121
longus. 5.
meral attachment i-l
of extensor carpi
radialis
n
longior.
6, 5. Tendon of in-
sertion into sec- L:a
22^
ond metacarpal
bone. 7. Upper
extremity of ex- IQ
tensor carpi radi-
I. Tendon of tri- alis brevior. 8,8.
ceps. 2. Upper Its tendon of in-
extremity of su- sertion into third Wv
pinator longus. metacarpal bone.
3.Extensor car- 9. Common ten-
pi radialis london of the superfi-
gior. 4. Its at- c i a 1 and deep
tachment to se- muscles. 10. Supi-
cond metacar- nator brevis. 11.
pal bone. 5. Ex- Radial insertion
tensor carpi ra- of pronator radii
dialis brevior. teres. 12. Exten-
Muscles of Donsal Aspect of 6. Its attach- sor ossis meta- Muscles of Dorsal Aspect
Forearm, Superficial ment to third carpi pollicis. 13. of Forearm, Deep
Layer. metacarpal E.xtensor primi Layer.
bone. 7. E.x- internodii polli-
tensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. S, 8. Extensor cis. E.xtensor secundi internodii pollicis.
14.
primi iternodii pollicis. 9, 9. Extensor secundi 15. E.xtensor indicis. 16. Its tendon, uniting
internodii pollicis. 10, 10. Annular ligament. with corresponding tendon of common extensor.
II. Extensor communis 17. Tendon of extensor minimi digiti. 18. Ten-
digitorum. 12, 12. At-
tachment of its four tendons to the second and don of extensor carpi ulnaris. 19. Flexor cari)i
third phalanges. 13. Tendon of the extensor ulnaris, displaced to show fle.xor profundus digi-
indicis. 14. Tendon of extensor minimi digiti. torum. 20. Fibrous arch e.xtending from epitio-
15. Extensor carpi ulnaris. 16. Its attachment chlea to olecranon and forming the upper por-
to fifth metacarpal bone. 17. Anconeus. iS. tion of the deep flexor. 21. Annular ligament.
Flexor carpi ulnaris. iq. Posterior border of 22. Dorsal interossei. 23. Abductor minimi
ulna. 20. Olecranon. 21. Internal condyle of digiti. 24, 24. Tendons of extensor communis
humerus. digitorum.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Con/inuec/.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Muscle of Guthrie.
I. B u bocaverno-
1
sus (erector pe-

nis) muscle. 2.
Muscle of Guth-
rie (transversus
perinei p r o f u n-
dus). 3. Superfi-
cial transverse
muscle. 4. Ex-
ternal sphincter
ani. 5. Levator
ani.
Muscle of Guthrie
and Wilson.
I. Bulb of urethra.
2, 2. Muscle of
Guthrie (trans-
versus perinei
profundus). 3.
Muscle of Wil-
son. 4. Trans-
versus perinei
superficialis. 5.
External sphinc-
ter ani. 6. Leva-
tor ani.
Deep Muscies of Palmar Aspect of

Forearm.
I. Lower portion of triceps. 2, 2.
Attachments of pronator radii
teres. 3. Attachment of flexor
carpi radialis, palmarislongus,
ana flexor sublimis digitorum.
3'. Tendon of biceps. 3". Ten-
don of brachialis anticus. 4,4.
Flexor carpi ulnaris. 5. Supina-
tor longus. 6. Its distal attach-
ment. 7. Supinator brevis. 7'.
Extensor carpi radialis longior. 13. Tendon of flexor sublimis. Tendon of flexor profun-
14.
8, 8. Extensor ossis metacarpi dus for little finger. 15, 15. Lumbricales. 16, 16. Attachments
pollicis. 9. Flexor profundus of abductor brevis. 17. Opponens pollicis. 18. Flexor brevis
digitorum. four tendons.
10. Its
polhcis. 19. Adductor pollicis. 20. Flexor longus pollicis.
11. Tendon for index-finger. 12, 21. Its tendon. 22.22. Attachments of flexor brevis and ad-
12. Tendon for middle finger. ductor minimi digiti. 23. Oppenens minimi digiti.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Conîmietf.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Gluteus Maximus Muscle. Gluteus Medius Muscle.

Gluteus maximus. 2. Its inferior portion. 3. I. Inner extremity of gluteus maximus. 2. At-
Fibers of attachment to liiiea aspera. 4. Supe- tachment of gluteus maximus to linea aspera.
rior jjortioii. 5, 5. Tendinous fibers of inser- 3, 3. Triangular aponeurosis formed by con-
tion into linea aspera. 6. L'pper portion of vergence of tendinous fibers of upper half of
femoral aponeurosis. 7. Duplicature of this gluteus maximus. 4. Gluteus medius. 5. Its
aponeurosis at superior level of gluteus maxi- tendon of insertion into great trochanter. 6.
mus. 8, 8. Portion of its superficial layer at- Upper portion of femoral aponeurosis. 7. Pyra-
tached to tendinous bands. 9. Lower extrem- midalis. 8. Obturator internus. 9. Superior
ity of tensor vaginas femoris. 10, 10. Portion gemellus. 10. Inferior gemellus. 11. Quadra-
of femoral aponeurosis continuous with ten- tus femoris. 12. Semitendinosus. 13. Upper
dinous fibers of gluteus maximus. 11. Upper portion of long head of biceps. 14. Adductor
portion of biceps femoris. 12. Upper portion magnus. 15. Gracilis. 16. Vastus externus.
of semitendinosus. 13. Upper portion of semi-
membranosus. 14. Gracilis.
Pectineus and Adductor Longus.

1. Femur. 2. Ilium. 3. Pubis 4. Pectineus. 5. Adductor longus. 6. Lower
' " "portion
"
of adductor mag
7. Tendon of rectus femoris. 8, 8. Orifices for vessels. 9. Orifices for femoral vessels.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Con/muea.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Adductor Brevis and Adductor Ma.^nus.

Femur. 2. Ilium. 3. Pubis. 4. Obturator externus.
5. Upper
portion of adductor magnus. 6. Upper portion of adductor bre-
vis. 7. Inferior portion of adductor brevis. S. Middle portion of
adductor magnus. 9. Inferior portion. 10. Tendon of insertion
into internal condyle of femur. 11. Orifice for femoral vessels.
12. Orifice for internal circumflex
artery and veins.
Muscles of Anterior Aspect of

Thigh.
. Iliacus. 2. Psoas magnus. 3.
Tensor vagince femoris. 4.
Fibrous band by wliich this
muscle is attached to external
tuberosity of tibia. 5. Sar-
torius. 6. Rectus femoris. 7.
X'astus externus. 8. Vastus
internus. g. Gracilis. 10.
Adductor longus. 11. Pec-
tineus.
Long head of Biceps and Semi-

tendinosus.
I. Long head of biceps; 2. Com-
rnon tendon of long head of
biceps and semiteiidinosus. 3.
Inferior tendon of biceps. 4.
Semitendinosus. 5. Its tendon.
6, 6. Its tendinous expansions,
continuous with aponeurosis of
leg. 7. Semimembranosus. 8.
tendon. 9. Gracilis.
Its inferior
Itstendon. 11. Sartorius. 12.
10.
\'astus externus. 13. Femoral
attachment of gluteus niaxi-
mus. 14. Insertion of glutens
medius. 15. Gluteus minimus.
16. Tendon of pvriformis. 17.
Obturator internus. iS.
Quadratus femoris. 19. Inner
head of gastrocnemius. 20.
Outer head of gastrocnemius.
21. Plaiitaris. 22. Popliteal
aponeurosis.
*"'"W«lUiitg^'-
I
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Continued.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
b i 'Ml
Short Head of Biceps and Semimembranosus.

Attachment to ischium of long head of biceps and semi-
tendinosus. 2. Semimembranosus. 3. Its superior
tendon. 4. Its inferior tendon, 5. Middle portion of
tendon. 6. Its anterior portion. 7. Its posterior por-
tion. 8. Section of long head of biceps. 9. Its short
head. Its attachment to head of fibula.
10. 11, 11, 11.
Adductor magnus. 12, 12. Orifices for passage of per-
forating arteries and veins. 13. Vastus externus. 14,
Muscles of Inner Aspect of Thigh.
14. Insertion of gluteus maximus. 15. Divided ex-
pansion of tendon of this muscle, continuous with the I. Iliacus. 2. Psoas magnus. 3. Obturator
aponeurosis of the vastus externus. 16. Attachment internus. 4. Pyriforniis. 5. Gluteus
of quadratus femoris. 17. Tendon of obturator ex- maximus. 6. Sartorius. 7. Gracilis.
ternus. iS. Attachment of gluteus medius. iq. Obtu- 8. Semitendinosus. q. Semimembran-
rator internus. 20. Tendon of pyramidalis. 2i. Glu- osus. 10. Tendon of sartorius. 11.
teus minimus. 22. Divided inner head of gastrocne- Tendon of gracilis. 12. Tendon of
mius. 23. Outer head. 24. Plantaris. 25. Popliteus. semitendinosus. 13. Its expansions.
26. Soleus. 27. Fibrous ring for artery, vein, and 14. Tendon semimembranosus. 15.
of
nerve. Rectus femoris. 16. Vastus internus.
MUSCLE MUSCLE
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Connntied.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Short Portion of Biceps

Seiiiimeinbraiiosus.
I. Attachment to ischium of
long portion of biceps and
semitendinosus. 2. Senii-
nienibranosus. 3. Its supe-
rior tendon. 4. Its inferior
tendon. 5. Middle portion of
this tendon. 6. Its anterior
portion. 7. Its posterior por-
tion. 8. Section of long por-
tion of biceps. 9. Its short
portion. 10. Its attachment
to the head of libula. 11,11,
11. Adductor maguus. 12,
12. Series of perforations for
the passage of arteries and
veins. 13. Vastus externus.
14, 14- Insertion of gluteus
ma.xinius. 15. Section of ex-
pansion by which the ten-
don of this nniscle is con-
tinuous with the aponeuro-
sis of the \ astus externus.
16. Attachment of quadratus
femoris. 17. Tendon of ob-
turator externus. 18. At-
tach ment of gluteus niedius.
19. Obturator internus. 20.
Tendon of pyriformis. 21.
Gluteus minimus. 22. Inner
head of gastrocnemius. 23.
Outer head. 24. Divided
plantaris. 25. Popliteus. 26.
Soleus. 27. Tendinous ring
in soleus.
ii 16
Muscles of the Leg, Internal Aspect.

Tibialis amicus. 2, 3. Its tendon. 4. Ten-
dons of extensor communis digitorum. 5.
Inner liead of gastrocnemius. 6. Its apo-
neurosis of origin. 7, 7. Soleus. 8. Tendo
Achillis. 9. Its attachment to OS Cal-
ais. ID. Tendon
of plantaris. 11.
Tendon of tibialis
posticus. 12.
Its attachment to scaphoid bone.
13, 14. Tendon of flexor longus digi-
torum. 15. Tendon of flexor longus
pollicis. 16, 16. Adductor pol'.icis.
17. Vastus interims. iS. Sartorius.
19. Its tendon. 20. Its expansion,
largely removed. 21. Gracilis. 22
Its tendon. 23. Tendon of semi-
membranosus. 24. Tendon of semi-
tendinosus. 25, 25. Its fibrous ex-
pansions. 26. Common tendon of
gracilis and semitendinosus.
Muscles of the Sole of Foot, Middle Layer.

I. Flexor accessorius. 2. Tendon of flexor
longus digitorum. 3.
I endon of flexor longus pollicis. 4. First lumbricalis. s-
lendon of fle-xor brevis digitorum. 6. Flexor brevis minimi
digiti. 7. Inner fasciculus of flexor brevis pollicis. 8. Outer
'^sciculus. 9. Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone. 10. p-ibrous
sheath of peroneus longus. 11. Os calcis.
MUSCULAR MUSCULOMEMBRANOUS
TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Con/inuec/.
Name.
MUSCLES MUSCLES
Muscles of the Leg, Ex-

ternal Aspect.
I, I. Tibialis anticus. 2,
2. Tendon of extensor
propriuspollicis. 3,3.
Extensor longus digi-
torum. 4. Its tendons
for four last toes. 5.
Peroneiis tertius. 6. Its
attachment to last two
metacarpal bones. 7.
Peroneus longus. 8. Its
tendon. 9. Peroneus
brevis. 10. Its tendon.
II. Outer head of gas-
t ro cne m i u s. 12, 12.
Soleus. 13. Tendo
Achillis. 14. Extensor
brevis digitorum. 15,
15. Abductor minimi
digiti. 16. Rectus fem-
oris. 17. Vastus exter-
nus. 18. Its inferior
fibers, ig. Tendon of
biceps femoris. 20. Ex-
ternal lateral ligament
of knee. 21. Tendon
of popliteus.
Muscles of External Aspect of Leg.

Tibialis anticus. 2. Exten.sor longus digitorum.
3. Tendon of extensor proprius pollicis. 4.
Peroneus tertius. 5. Peroneus brevis. 6. Pero-
neus longus. 7. Soleus. 8. Outer head of gas-
trocnemius. 9. Head of fibula. 10. Tendon
of biceps femoris. 11. Semimembranosus. 12.
Tendon of rectus femoris. 13. Tendo Achillis.
14. External malleolus. 15. Annular ligament.
16. Insertion of
peroneus tertius. 17. Insertinn
of peroneus brevis. 18. Extensor brevis dis'i-
torum. 19. Abductor minimi digiti. 20. Patella.
Muscles of Anterior Aspect of Leg.

I. Tendon of rectus femoris. 2. Tibia. 3. Tibialis anticus. 4. Extensor longus
digitorum. 5.Extensor proprius pollicis. 6. Peroneus tertius. 7. Peroneus
longus. 8. Peroneus brevis. 9. Outer head of gastrocnemius. 10. Inner head.
II. Extensor brevis
digitorum. 12. Annular ligament.
MUSCULOPHRENIC MYCOSOZIN
membrane]. Pertaining to or consisting of Mute (mt7/) l^mu/us, dumb]. Dumb; unable
both muscles and membrane. to use articulate speech.
Musculophrenic [»ins-/cii-/«-frt'ii^-il-) \_»iiis-

Mutilation [»iit-til-a'-shtm) \_>iiutilare, to
citlus, muscle diaphragm].
;
Pertain-
0/"//', cut]. I. The act of maiming or disfiguring.
ing to or supplying the muscles and the dia- 2. The state thereby produced. Also, the
phragm, as the M. nerve. condition of the parts remaining after the ex-
Musculospiral [jitns-ku-lo-spi' ral)
-
\_niitsrit-
cision or amputation of a member or part.
/«j-, muscle]. I. Supplying muscles and hav- Mutism {niu'-tiziii') [/«?///«, dumb]. Dumb-
ing a spiral course. 2. Pertaining to the ness.
niubciilosi)iral nerve. Myalgia [ini-al'-je-aJi) [//)"f, muscle; aAyoq,

Mushroom. See Agaric. pain]. Pain in the muscles ; muscular rheu-
Mr.sk [Skt., inushka, a testicle]. The dried matism.
secretions from the preputial follicles of Myasthenia [iiii-as-thcn-i^-ah, mias-the'-
Moscluis moschiferus, a mammal of the order tit'-ak) [/ri'f,
nmscle ; aadiveia, weakness].
of Ruminantia. M. (Moschus, U. S. P.), Muscular debility. M. gravis pseudo-
occurs in grains or lumps, possessing a pecu- paralytica, a disease characterized by an
liar, penetrating odor. Its composition is abnormal exhaustibility of the voluntary
complex, and among its constitutents are muscles, manifesting itself in a rapid diminu-
ammonia, stearin, olein, cholesterin, a vola- tion of contractility both when the muscle is
tile oil, and certain salts.
gelatin, albumin, innervated by the will and when stimulated
M. is and antispasmodic, and is
stimulant by the electric current.
used in typhoid fever and other low fevers, in Myasthenic (tni-as-then' -ik") \_iivq,
muscle ;
adynamic pneumonia, in laryngismus stridu- (wtiiveta, weakness]. Characterized by myas-

lus, and in hiccough. Dose gr. x (0.65). thenia.
Mussitation [rinis-it-a'-s/iun) \_i?ii/ss?/arf, to Mycelium [>iii-se'-le-unt) [^/uvK?jq,
a fungus ;
mutter]. Movement of the lips without the f/Aog, nail,wart, excrescence]. The vegeta-
production of articulate speech. tive filaments of fungi, usually forming inter-
Must \_iiiiistnm, new wine]. The juice freshly woven masses.
expressed from grapes. Mycetoma {î)ii- set-o'-maJi). See Fungus-
Mustard [intis'-tod) [iinistiim, must, new foot.
wine, with Teut. suffix]. i. A plant of Mycoderma [mi-ko-der'-niali) [//('•«;;?,
fun-
the genus Brassica (Sinapis), of the natural gus; Stpfja, skin]. A
genus of fungi form-
order Cruciferce. 2. The seed of the mustard- ing membranes upon or in fermenting liquids.
plant. The seeds of two species are chiefly M. aceti, the microorganism of acetous fer-
employed, those of Brassica nigra yielding mentation.
black mustard, or Sinapis nigra (U. S P.), Mycohemia [nii-ko-he7n'-e-ali) [//rw/f, a fun-
and those of Brassica alba yielding white gus aqia, blood].
;
A
condition in which
mustard, or Sinapis alba (U. S. P.). The fungi are in the blood.
seeds contain a fixed oil consisting of the Mycology [mi koF-o-je) [nvKrjq, a fungus;
-
glycerol -compounds of stearic, oleic, and 'îjyng, science]. The science of fungi.
erucic or brassic acid, and of sinapoleic and Myconostoc [iiii-kon-os'-tok) [firnr/g, fungus ;
behenic acids, sinalbin (in white mustard), iiostoc-"].

A genus of schizomycetes.
and (in black mustard) a volatile oil, oleum Mycophylaxin [nii-ko-fil-aks' -in) [fivKr/g, a
sinapis volatile (U. S. P.). The volatile oil fungus; îJAaf, a protector]. See Pioteids,
contains allyl isosulphocyanid, the active Defe72sive.
principle, which does not exist preformed Mycoprotein [ini- ko-pro^-te-in) [fivKrjq, a
in the seeds, but produced by the decom-
is fungus; protein, from npuTog, first]. The
position of potassium myronate, or sinigrin, albuminoid substance obtained from the
under the influence of a ferment, myrosin. l)odies of bacteria.
Mustard is used in dyspepsia, as an emetic(dose Mycosis [/ni-ko^-sis) \_i-ivKTjg, fungus]. I.
2 j-ij (4.0-8.0)), as a rubefacient and counter A growth, of fungi within the body. 2. A
irritant, especially in the form of mustard- disease caused by the presence of microor-
plaster, and in baths. Linimentum sinapis ganisms in the body. M. fungoides, an
compositus is used locally. Mustard-plaster affection of the skin characterized by the ap-
(sinapism) is made by mixing mustard and pearance, chiefly on the scalp, face, and
flour with water. M. -paper (charta sina- chest, of pinkish or reddish, nodular or flat-
pis, B. P.) is used locally. M. -poultice tened tumors, which may go on to ulceration.
(cataplasma sinajiis, B. P.) is made by mix- Itching is often present. The disease is
ing mustard and linseed-meal with water. believed to be microorganismal in origin. M.
Mutacism {i/nc'-tas-izm) \^fjvTnKtafi6c, muta- intestinalis. Synonym of Anthrax.
cism]. The too frequent use of the m sound, Mycosozin [?/n-ko-so^-zin) \_fivKrjq, a fungus ;
and its substitution for other sounds. auîiv, to save]. See Sozni.
MYCOTIC MYELOGENIC
Mycotic [mi-kot^-ik) [/ui-Ki/r, fungus]. Char- travels up the cord. M., Bulbar, that affect-
acterized by mycosis due to microorgan-
; ing the medulla and manifesting itself in
isms. M. Endocarditis, that due to micro- disturbances of the cardiorespiratory appa-
organisiiiai infection. A
synonym of ulcer- ratus, dysphagia, vomiting, and other symp-
ative or malignant endocarditis. toms. M., Central, myelitis limited chiefly
Mydalein [tnid-a'-le-iii) \_\jiv&a'kknq , putrid]. to the gray matter of the cord. M.,
A ptomain obtained from putrefying cadav- Chronic, a slowly advancing myelitis, pre-
eric organs. It produces salivation, dilata- senting generally the same features as acute
tion of the pupil, elevation of temperature, myelitis, but extended over a longer period.
peristaltic action of the intestines. Hist a M., Compression-, an inflammation of the
rise, then a fall of temperature, and diastolic spinal cord, secondary to compressing lesions
arrest of the heart. See Ftomains, Table of. outside of the cord (caries, carcinoma, ex-
Mydatoxin {iniJ-at-oks'-iti) \jiv8aziv, to be ostosis of the vertebriE, aneurysm) or to
wet; Toiiiwv, poison], CgHjgNOj. A pto- tumors of the cord itself. M., Cornual,
main obtained from horse-flesh and human inflammation affecting the anterior or pos-
flesh. It produces symptoms resembling terior cornua. M., Descending, a form in
those of curara-poisoning. which the inflammation extends downward,
Mydin (^mid'-in) \jiv(â)iLv,
to be wet], CgH,,- following the pyramidal tracts. M., Diffuse,
NO. A nonpoisonous ptomain produced in widely distributed inflammation of the cord
the putrefaction of human internal organs. involving large areas. M., Disseminated,
The free base is strongly alkaline, has an one in which there are several foci. M.,
ammoniacal odor, and is characterized by its Focal, one in which a small area is affected.
strong reducing properties. See Ftomains, M., Hemorrhagic, myelitis associated with
Tabic
of._
or dependent upon hemorrhage. M., Pres-
Mydriasis (mid-ri'-as-is) \_fiv6pianir'\. Dila- sure-. See A/., Compression-. M., Sclerotic,
tation of the pupil of the eye. M., Paraly- a form characterized by overgrowth of the
tic, that due to paralysis of tlie oculomotor tissue, which undergoes contrac-
interstitial
nerve. M. Spasmodic, M.,
Spastic, that tion, producing an increase of hardness of
caused l>y overaction of the sympathetic or the cord. M., Systemic, a variety in which
dilator nerve of the iris. M., Spinal, that the inflammation is confined to distinct
produced by irritation of the ciliospinal cen- systems or tracts of the cord. M., Trau-
ter of the spinal cord. matic, myelitis following direct injury.
Mydriatic l^mid-re-at'-ik) [iivclplaaig, dilata- The symptoms of myelitis vary with the
tion of the pupil]. I. Causing mydriasis, character and the seat of the lesion. The
or dilatation of the pupil. 2. agent caus- An sensory disturbances consist of hyperesthesia
ing mydriasis, or dilatation of the pupil. or anesthesia, girdle-pains, and usually a
Myel ^^mi'-el) [/zi'f/.of, marrow]. The spinal hyperesthetic zone at the level of the lesion.
cord. The reflexes are generally lost in the begin-
Myelencephalon {mi-cl-en-sef -al-oii) \_nvz- ning, but later become exaggerated some- ;
marrow
'a.6c,, iyKk<pa7iOQ, brain].
; I. The times they do not return. Paralysis is
2. See Metencephalon.
cerebrospinal axis. present in the parts below the lesion the ;
Myelin {mi' -el-itt) [^w/ldc, marrow], i. muscles are flaccid at first, later rigid. The
The white substance of Schwann the sheath — sphincters are geVierally paralyzed. Bed-
of a meduUated nerve. 2. substance A sores are common in certain forms of mye-
obtained from nerve-tissue. See Organo- litis. 2. Inflammation of bone - marrow ;
therapy. osteomyelitis.
Myelinic {mi-el-in'-ik) [/ziifAdf, marrow]. Myelo- (w/'-('/-(j-) [ww/ldf, marrow]. A pre-
Relating to myelin, or to myelinic nerve- fixdenoting reference to or connection with
fibers. the s])inal cord, or with the bone-marrow.
Myelitis {/uiel-i'-l/s) [/rt'E/'df, marrow ; irtg, Myelocele imi'-el-o-sel') \_uve'k6c, marrow ;
inflammation]. i. Inflammation of the KoOda, cavity]. The central canal of the

spinal If it affects the gray matter,
cord. spinal cord.
it is called
poliomyelitis if the white ; Myelocele [mi'-el-o-sel^ [//DfP.df, marrow;
matter, leukomyelitis if it extends entirely bifida.
; Krf/rj, tumor]. Spina
across the cord, transverse myelitis. M., Myelocyte [mi'-el-o-sif] [mzt/Ioc, marrow;
Acute, that due to exposure to cold, in- KVToq, cell]. I. A large uninuclear leuko-
juries, or to acute general diseases it is ; cyte containing neutrophile granules, and
attended with sensory disturbances and supposed to be derived from the bone-
motor paralysis, complete or incomplete, ac- marrow. 2. A free nucleus of a central or
cording to the part of the cord involved and ganglionic nerve-cell.
the degree of the inflammation. M., As- Myelogenic [mi-el-o-jen'-ik) [uvEAocr, mar-
cending, a form in which the inflammation row; yevvav, to produce]. Produced in or
MYELOID MYOHEMATIN
by bone-marrow. M. Leukemia, leukemia Myo- [mi'-o-) [//£>?, a muscle]. A prefix sig-
due to disease of the bone-marrow. nifying pertaining to muscle.
Myeloid (w/'-f'/-(i/(/) [//vfAor, marrow ; elSor, Myoblast [mi' -o-blast)\_ir\'c, muscle; fi'/.aaToc,
like]. Resembling marrow.
Cell, M. germ]. A cell developing into a muscle-fiber.
myeloplax. M. Sarcoma, a form of sar- Myocarditis [mi-o-kar-di' -tis) [//vf , muscle ;
coma distinguished by the presence of multi- heart; cTic, inflammation].

i<ai>(Sia, Inflam-
nucleated cells. mation of the myocardium, the muscular
Myeloma iymi-cl-o'-maJt) [//I't/df , marrow ;
tissue of the heart.
ofia, tumor]. I. An
encephaloid tumor. 2. Myocardium [mi-o-lcar'-de-t<m)l_fivc, muscle;
A giant-celled sarcoma. Ka/idia, heart]. The muscular tissue of the
Myelomalacia (îni-el-o-nnil-a' -sc-ali) [//w/iof, heart.
marrow; /«jX«/i/a, softening]. A softening Myocele [mi'-o-sel) \_/Jvr,
muscle k//?.7/, tu-
;
of the spinal cord. mor]. The jirotrusion of a muscle through

ruptured sheath.
- -
Myelomeningitis (rni- el o tncn-in-ji' -lis) its
[/a't/of, marrow; pjviy^, a membrane ; iric, Myochrome [mi'- o krom) [//t'f, muscle ;
-
inflammation]. Inflammation of the mem- Xpufia, color]. A reddish pigment found in

branes of the spinal cord spinal meningitis.
; muscles, and believed to be identical with
Myelomeningocele {mi-el-o-mcn-in'-go-sel) hemoglobin.
[//I't/df,
marrow ; nyvLy^, membrane nffAii, ; Myochronoscope [mi-o-kro' -no-skop) [//if,
tumor]. Spina bifida. muscle; jpdrof time cr/iOTrf/j', to examine].
, ;
Myelomyces [mi-el- om^-is-ez) [^vt/ldf, mar- An instrument for measuring the rapidity of
row ; fivKijc, fungus]. An encephaloid tumor. muscular contraction or the propagation of a
Myelon iytni'-cl-oii) \jivt7Mc,, marrow]. The nerve-stimulus through a muscle.
spinal cord. Myoclonus [mi-ok' -lo-nus) [/^£'C, muscle ;
Mj'elopathy {mi-el-op'-ath-e) [^vf^dc, mar- KKoviK, clonus]. Clonic spasm of a muscle,

row Trdi'ôf,
; disease]. Any disease of the or of various nmscles. M. multiplex. See
spinal cord. Paramvoilonus multiph'.x.
Myeloplast [mi' -el-o-plast) [//I'fZdr, marrow ; Myocomma [mi-o-kom' -ah) \_fivq, muscle ;
~/Lrt(T7df shaped].
,
The peculiar cells of the segment].
Kojîiin, Any one of the transverse
bone-marrow resembling leukocytes. segments into which embryonic muscle-tissue
Myeloplax [mi'-el-o-plaks) [//I't/.dr,
marrow ;
is divided.
a placque].
Tx'Aai,^ One of the large multi- Myodes [mi-o'-dez) [//tif, muscle; eldog, like].
nucleated cells found upon the inner surface iMyoid.
of bone, and concerned in its
absorption. 'M.yod&so'psia. [mi-o-dez-ops'-e-ah). See Myio-
Myelosclerosis [mi-cl-o-skle-ro' -sis) [/ivf/df, desopsia.
marrow; aKki^fioq, hard]. Sclerosis of the Myodynamometer [mi-o-di-nam-om' -et-er)
spinal cord or of the marrow of bones. muscle 6vva/xig, power fiirpov, meas-
[//T'l;, ; ;
Myelospongium [mi-el-o-spun' -je-twi) \_îvt- ure]. See Dynamometer.

'a6(^, marrow
GKoyyoq, sponge].
;
net- A Myodynia [mi-o-din' -e-ah) \_y-\K, muscle;
work in the wall of the neural canal of the dortv/, pain]. Pain in the muscles.
embryo, composed of processes given off by Myofibroma [//ti-o-fi-bro'-mak) [//iif,
muscle ;
the outer extremities of the spongioblasts. Jibra, fiber; d//a, tumor]. A tumor contain-
Myelosyphilosis [mi-el-o-sif-il-o' -sis) [//w/ldf, ing muscular and fibrous tissue.
marrow; 5)'/////w, syphilis]. Syphilitic dis- Myoglobulin [mi-o-glob' -u-lin) [/u'f, mus-
ease of the spinal cord. cle; globulin']. A
substance obtained from
Myiodeopsia, Myiodesopsia [mi-c-o-de-op'
-
muscles, closely resembling serum-globulin in
se-ak, mi-i-o-des-op' -se-ah) \_p,vii.)thiq, fly-like ;
its properties.
vision].
hi\>ic, The subjective appearance of Myogram [mi'-o-gram)\_i-ivc, muscle; ypcififtn,
muscse volitantes. an inscription]. The tracing made by the
Myiosis [mi'-i-o-sis) \jivLa, a fly]. The pre- myograph.
sence of larvae of flies, or maggots, in or on Myograph [mi'
- o -
graf) [/u'C, muscle;
the body, as in the nose or ear, in a wound, or ypcuhnv, to write]. An instrument for re-
upon mucous membranes. cording the phases of a muscular contraction.
Myitis [nii-i' -tis). See Myositis. Myographic [mi-o-graf'-ik) [//I'f, muscle;
Mylo- [mi'-lo-) [//D/ldf, mill]. A prefix de- ypd<l>eiv, to write]. Pertaining to a myograph.
noting connection with the lower jaw or the Myography [mi -
og'- ra-fe) [//f'f,
muscle ;
molar teeth. ypa(pFtv, to write]. I. A

description of the
Mylohyoid, Mylohyoidean [mi-lo-hi'-oid, muscles. 2. The employment of the myo-
nii'lo-hi-oid-i'' -an) \jivKi], mill ; vnFiih}(;, hy- graph.
oid]. Pertaining to the region of the lower Myohematin [mi-o-hem' -at-in) \_iivc, muscle ;
molar teeth and the hyoid bone. M. Muscle. «;//«,blood]. A red pigment found in
See Muscles, Table of. muscles.
MYOID MYOTONIA
Myoid (nit^ -oil/) [//Df, muscle; cMof, form]. closing the lids to avoid spheric aberration].
Like a muscle or muscular tissue. Near-sightedness an optic defect, usually
;
Myoidema {jiii-oid-e'-mah) [//r?, muscle ;

due to an abnormal length of the anteropos-
ol^rjua, a swelling]. The wheal brought out terior diameter of the globe, whereby the
by a sharp tap on a muscle in certain condi- focal image is formed in front of the retina.
tions of exhaustion. Myopic [mi-op' -ik) \ji.vzlv, to close ui/), ;
Myolemma [mi
-
o -
lem' - aJi) \u.vq, muscle; eye]. Pertaining to or having the nature of
AefLua, covering]. The sarcolemraa. myopia ; near-siglued. M. Crescent, a yel-
Myolin [mi'-o-iin) [wi'f, muscle]. The sub- lowish-white crescentic area about the pa-
stance formerly supposed to form the contents pilla, due to atrophy or breaking away of
of a muscular tibrilla. the choroid and exposure of the sclerotic.
Myolipoma [ini-o-lip-o' -maJi) \jivi;,

muscle ; Myosarcoma [mi-o-sar-ko' -tnah) [u-i'C,
mus-
A/Trof, fat ; o/zn, tumor]. A myoma contain- cle ; odp^, flesh; bfia, tumor]. A sarcoma
ing fatty tissue. containing muscular tissue.
Myology {mi-ol'-o-je) \jivq, muscle; "koyoq, Myosclerosis [wi-o-si/e-ro'-s/s) [uif, mus-

science]. The science of the nature, struct- cle; anATipog, hard]. hardening or indu- A
ure, functions, and diseases of muscles. ration of a muscle.
Myoma [mi-o'-mah) [//t-f, muscle; bf^La, Myosin (mi' -o-sin) [^vf, muscle]. pro- A
tumor]. A muscular tumor. If composed of teid of the globulin class, found in coagulated
nonstriped muscular tissue it is called
liomy- muscle- plasma, and formed from the ante-
oma if of striped muscular tissue, rhabdo-
;
cedent globulin, myosinogen. It is also found
myoma. in the cornea and in some vegetables. M. is
Myomalacia [mi-o-ntal-a' -se-aJi) [,«i'?,
mus- soluble in strong saline solutions, and is
cle ;
softening].
fia'AciKia, Softening of changed into syntonin by the action of dilute
muscles. M. cordis, softening of a portion hydrochloric acid and heat.
of the heart-muscle, usually resulting from Myosinogen [mi-o-sin' -o-jcn) [/u'C, muscle;
thrombosis or embolism. }firar, to beget]. One of the proteids of
Myomatous {mi-o' -ntat-ns) [fivq, muscle ; muscle-plasma. It is the antecedent of my-
bfia, tumor]. Of the nature of a myoma. osin. Its coagulation after death is the cause
Myomectomy {tni-o-mek' -to-me) \jivq, mus- of rigor mortis.
cle ; 'oLia, tumor ; ektoiii], e.xcision]. Excis- Myosis [mi-o'-sis) \_fii:civ,
to close]. See
ion of a uterine or other myoma. J/iosis.
Myometritis [mi-o-met-ri' -tis) [^wf, muscle ; Myositis [mi-o-si'-tis) [«ir, muscle irir, in- ;
uijTpa, uterus inq, inflammation]. ; Inflam- ilanimation]. Inflammation of the muscles.

mation of the uterine muscular tissue. M., Interstitial, an inflammation of the con-
Myomotomy (fni-o-tnot'-o-me') \u.vq, muscle ;
nective tissue of muscle. M. ossificans, a
hail, tumor; rouri, a cutting]. See Myo- variety characterized by the formation of
mectotny. osseous deposits in the muscles. M., Specific,
Myoneuralgia (nii- o -
nu- ral'-je-ah) [«i'f , M., Syphilitic, that due to syphilis. M. tri-
muscle; nerve; d/lyof, pain].
i'sij/joj', Neu- chinosa, that due to the presence of trichina
ralgic pain in the muscles. spiralis in the muscles.
Myoparalysis (jni-o-par-al' -is-is) [,"i'C,
mus- Myospasm (/;//''-
o -
spazni) [/n^f , muscle ;
cle; TTa/ia/.vaig, paralysis]. Paralysis of a OTzaauoc, spasm]. Muscular spasm ;

a cramp.
muscle or muscles. Myosuture {mi - o - su'- tar) \jivr, muscle ;
Myopathic (vii - o - path' - ik) [//i}f, muscle; sHtura, a suture]. Suture of a muscle.
TrdAjf, disease]. Depending upon or relating Myotatic [mi-o-tat'-ik) [/î'f ,
muscle ; raaiQ,
to disease of the muscles. M. Facies, " facies a stretching]. Produced by or depending
"
myopathique a peculiar form of expression
;
upon passive tension of the muscles. M.
seen in infantile forms of myopathic muscular Irritability, an increased irritability of mus-
atrophy. It is characterized by
imperfect cles produced by passive extension, and
movement of the facial muscles, sinking in giving rise, when the muscle is stimulated,
of the cheeks, and drooping of the lower
lip. to a M. Contraction, or tendon -reflex.
Myopathy {mi - op' - alh - e) \_uvq, muscle ; Myotic [mi-ot'-ik). See Miotic.
-aWof, suffering]. A disease of the muscles. Myotome [mi'-o-tom) \_uvq, muscle; rofirj, a
Myope [mi' -dp) [umi', to close; ij\b, eye; cutting]. I. An instrument for performing
see Myopici'] . A
person aff'ected with myopia. myotomy. 2. See JMyocomma.
Myopericarditis \mi-o-per-ik-ar-di' -tis) [/ii'C, Myotomy [mi-ot'-o-me) \_nvg, muscle ; toutj,
muscle -£p/, ;around Kap^'ia, heart ltlc, ; ;
a cutting]. I. Division of a muscle, particu-
inflammation]. combination of pericar- A larly through its belly. 2. The dissection
ditis with myocarditis. of muscles.
Myopia (rni-o' -pe-ah) 1_/iveiv,
to close ; toil', Myotonia [mi-o-to'-iie-ah) [ui'f , muscle ;
eye, myopes having the habit of partially Tovor, tension]. I. Muscular spasm. 2.
MYRCIA MYXEDEMATOUS
The stretching of a muscle. M. congenita, the natural cjrder Burseracea?. Myirh con-
M. hereditaria, Thomsen's disease an ;
tains a volatile oil, a resin (myrrliin), and a
hereditary disease characterized by tonic gum, and is used as a stimulant tonic in dys-
spasms in tlie voUintarily moved muscles. pepsia, pulmonary affections, chlorosis, and
Myrcia {innr^-sc-ah). genus of aromatic A amenorrhea. It is employed as a local appli-
shrubs of the natural order Myrtacea;. M. Dose
cation in various forms of stomatitis.
acris is the source of oil of bay. Oleum gr.x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Tinctura myrrhae.
niyrciie (U. S. P.), from which is prepared Dose TTLx-xxx (0.65-2.0). Myrrh is also an
bay-rum, or Spiritus myrcice (U. S. P.). Bay- ingredient of Mistura ferri composita, Pilulse
rum is used as a local application in headache. aloes et myrrhne, and Tinctura aloes et
Myriachit (ntir' -e-ak-it). See Palniits. myrrhic.
Myricin [tnir'-is-iii) [//iyi//i7;,
the tamarisk]. Myrtiform (inur' - tif - orm) "[wr/jrof, the
A constituent of wax (Cera flava), insoluble myrtle; forfna, form]. Shaped liUe a
in boiling alcohol. It consists chieily of myrtle-berry or myrtle-leaf, as the myrtiform
myricyl palmitate, C3QHgj.CjgH3j02, which caruncles (caruncula; myrtiformes) and the ,
is a compound of palmitic acid and myricyl myrtif(jrm fossa of the superior maxilla.
alcohol. Myrtle [iniir'-tl) [/irprc-c", the myrtle]. A
Myricyl {^mir'-is-il). See Myricin. genus of plants of the natural order Myrta-
Myringitis [niyringa, drum-
[niir-in-ji'-tis) ceae. The leaves of Myrtus chekan are
membrane inflammation].
; (TLQ, Inflamma- used in bronchitis. Dose of fluid extract,
tion of the membrana tympani. fj5J-iij (4.0-12.0). Ihe leaves of Myrtus
Myringodectomy (îitir-iii -go - dck' - to-nie) communis yield myrtol, which distils be-
\_i)iyriiiga,
drum-membrane ; tKTOfii], exci- tween 160° and lSo° C. The leaves are used
sion].Excision of a part or of the whole as an antiseptic dressing for wounds. Myrtol
membrana tympani.
of the is employed as an
antiseptic in bronchitis,
Myringomycosis [inir - in- go - mi- ko'- sis) cystitis, and pyelitis. Dose gr. j-ij (0.065—
drum -membrane /j-1'K?/c, fungus].
\_/iiyringa, ; 0.13).
Disease of the drum-membrane, due to para- Myrtol [mur'-tol). See Myrtle.
sitic fungi, especially the Aspergillus. Myrtus [ii/ur'-tus). See Myrtle.
Myringoplastic (inir-iii-go-plas' -tik) \_myr- Mysophobia (nii-so-fo' -be-ah) [//iffof, filth ;
inga, drum-membrane; ir'AaaaEii', io form]. ipoihi;,dread]. An abnormal dread of con-

Pertaining to myringoplasty. tact or of dirt.
Myringoplasty iînir-in' -go-plas-le) \jnyringa , Mytacism (niit'-as-izni). .See Alutacism.
drum-membrane; nVJiaaeiv, to shape]. A Mytilotoxin (mit-il-o-toks' -in) [//
it// or, mus-
])lastic oijcration on the membrana tympani. sel ; rofz/for, poison], Cgllj^NO,. A poi-
Myringotome [înir-in' -go-tout) \_inynnga, sonous ptomain found in poisonous mussel ;
drum membrane ; Toui/â. cutting]. An init is similar in action to curara. See

strument used in incising the membrana tym- Ptomains, Table of.
pani. Myxedema [jniks-e-de'-niah) [//rfa, mucus ;
Myringotomy {itiir-in-got' -o-me) \_myringa, ohh]un, edema]. A

disorder of nutrition in
diurn-nieinbrane; ro//;;, a cutting]. Incision which the subcutaneous tissue, especially of
of the tympanic membrane. the face and hands, becomes infiltrated with
Myristic Acid imir -
is'-
tik) \_uvpKtiv, to a mucin-like substance, giving rise to a pale,
anoint], C^^lI.^Ôj. A
monobasic acid found edematous swelling, which does not pit on.
in Myristica fragrans, in cocoanut-oil, in sper- pressure. It is associated with dullness of
maceti, etc. the intellect, slow monotonous speech, mus-

Myristica (inir -is' -tik -
ah) [/m/j/'Cfn', to cular weakness, tremors, and absence of
anoint], ^ce. Nutmeg. sweating. It is thought to be due to atrophy
Myristicin [inir -is'
- tis -
in) \_jivpiûv, to or degeneration of the thyroid gland, a view
anoint]. A peculiar fatty body contained in that gains strength from the facts that a
nutmeg. similar condition to that of myxedema is
Myristicol (inir - is' tik- ol) \_uvpiCsiv, to produced in animals by the removal of the
-
anoint; oleum, oil], C,„H,pO. An oily sub- thyroid (cachexia strumipriva), and
gland
stance extracted from oil of nutmeg. of thyroid gland in
that the administration
Myronic Acid (tni-ron'-ik). See Acid. myxedema produces a marked amehoration
Myrosin [tni'-i'o-sin] [wrpoi', ointment]. An of symptoms. In individuals in whom the
albuminous ferment occurring in mustard- thyroid gland is congenitally diseased or
seed, which liberates the oil of mustard from absent, a state resembling myxedema is apt
potassium myronate. to develop. It is known as cretinism.
Myrrh [nnir) [iil-pfm, myrrh]. A gum-resin Myxedematous (niiks-e dem'-at-us) [/'yfa,

obtained from (U. S. P.)
Commiphora myrrha mucus; olthifm, edema]. Pertaining to,
or Balsamodcndron myrrha (B. P.), a tree of affected with, or of the nature of, myxedema.
MYXOCHONDROMA NAPHTHALENE
kon dro'-mali) taining, intercellular substance, in which are
-
Myxochondroma [t>uks
• o
mucus ; ;t;ow5^)Of, cartilage ; 6//a, scattered peculiar branched or stellate cells.
[/iL'â,
tumor]. A tumor containing mucous and Myxomatous [miks-o'-niaf-ns) [w/fo, mu-
cartilaginous tissue. cus ; 6/ja, tumor]. Of the nature of, or
Myxodes [miks-o'-Jez) [/ui'fra,
mucus ; el6oQ, pertaining to, myxoma. M., Degenera-
like]. Resembling mucus. tion, mucoid degeneration. It attacks epi-
Myxofibroma (rniks-o-fi- bro'-»iah) [/xvâ, thelium and connective tissue, giving rise to
mucus; Jihra, fiber; hua, tumor]. fibroma A the production of a gelatinous substance
that has in part undergone my.xomatous de- containing mucin. In epithelial tissue the
cells are aftected in connective tissue the
generation. ;
Myxoglioma [înihs-o-gli-o' -mah) [/a\fa,

mu- intercellular substance.
cus yXia, glue
; hua, tumor].
;
A glioma Myxosarcoma [iniks-o-sar-ko' -mah) [;u'fa,
with myxomatous degeneration. mucus ; ci/'f, flesh ; hiîa, tumor]. A sarcoma
Myxolipoma (^ntiks-o-lip-o' -mah) [//I'fa,
mu- that has in part undergone myxomatous de-
cus; A/TTof fat oua, tumor].
, ;
A fatty tumor generation.
that has in part undergone myxomatous Myxosporidia [miks-o-spor-id'-e-a/i) \_fi'vâ,
change. mucus; anofjo^, seed]. A group or order of
Myxoma [iniks-o^ -vuik) [/«' fa,
mucus ; 6//a, Sporozoa, found as parasitic bodies in the
tumor]. A connective-tissue tumor after the muscles and epithelia of fishes they pro- ;
type of the jelly of Wharton of the umbilical duce a psorospermosis which is frequently
cord. It consists of a gelatinous, mucin-con- wide-spread and destructive.
N
N. The symbol of nitrogen ; n, the sign of a condition seen in certain trophic disturb-
the index of refraction. ances.
N. A. Abbreviation for numerical aperture. Nanism [iia'-niziii) [ivirof, dwarf ]. Dwarf-
N. F. National Formulary; a collection of ishness.
formulas issued by the American Pharma- Nanocephalous {na-no scf- -
al-us) \_vavoq,
ceutical Association as a supplement to the dwarf; /i£^rtA//, head]. Possessing a dwarfed
U. S. Pharmacopeia. head.
Na. Symbol for sodium. Nanoid [jia' -7ioid')\yavo(^, dwarf; eI(5of, like].
Naevus {>u''-vus). See Nevus. 1 )warf-like.
Nail {>ia/) [.\S., naegel, a nail]. The horny Nanomelia, Nanomelus {na -
116 - me' - le -
structure covering the dorsal aspect of the ah, na-nom' -el-tis) dwarf; //fAof,
\_ruvor,
terminal ]ihahinx of each finger and toe. It limb]. A monster characterized by under-
consists of intimately united horny epithelial sized limbs.
cells derived from the stratum lucidum of the Nanus [na'-nus) [nirof, a dwarf]. I. A
epidermis. A nail rests in the N.-bed, a dwarf. Dwarfed, stunted.
2.
vascular tissue corresponding to the corium Nape {nap) [MK., k nappe, from AS., cnap,
and the stratum Malpighii of the skin. N.- a knnb]. The back part of the neck; the
culture, a term applied in bacteriology to a nucha.
stab-culture showing a growth along the Napellin {na - peV- in) \_napcllus, dim. of
needle-track, and on the surface a button- tiapHS, a turnip], C2gH3gNO,j. An alkaloid
like projection, giving the appearance of a of Aconitum napellus. It is an anodyne and
nail driven into the gelatin. N.-fold, the antineuralgic. Dose, gr. y^-yz-
portion of epidermis that covers the root and HA^hiha.{naf'-f/ia/i)\_vit(l>Ba, from Arab., naft,
edges of the nail. N., Hang-, a little shred naphtha]. I. Formerly, any strong-smelling,
of skin hanging from the finger at the side of inflammable, volatile liquid, as naphtha vitri-
the nail. N., Ingrowing or Ingrown, an oli (sulphuric ether), wood-naphtha (methyl-
overlapping of the nail by the flesh, from alcohol). 2. A colorless, inflammable oil
pressure, attended with ulceration. N.- distilled from petroleum, bituminous shale,
matrix, the proximal end of the A'! -M/; the etc.
structure fromwhich the nail grows. N., Naphthalene, Naphthalin, Naph t a 1 i n
Turtle-back, a nail curved in all directions ; {naf -thal-en, naj'' -tkal-in, naf -
tal -
in)
NAPHTHALOL NATRON
rvd(/i0n from Arab., ««/?, naphtha], C,(,IIg.
,
A ing to the nose. N. Artery. See Arteries,
hydrocarbon crystallizing in lar<je, silvery, Table of. N. Bones, the two small bones
rhombic plates, slightly soluble in hot, but forming the arch of the nose. N. Catarrh,
insoluble in cold water, though easily solu- catarrh of the nasal mucous membrane ;
ble in methyl and ethyl alcohols, chloro- coryza. N. Duct. See Lacrivial Duct.
form, ether, and benzene. It is an anti- N. Eminence. See Eminence. N. Fossae,
septic; is used in intestinal putref;\ction, in the cavities of the nose.N. Ganglion, the
typhoid fever, etc. locally, in scabies and
; sphenopalatine ganglion. N. Labyrinth,
pruritus. Dose, gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). the irregular cavity formed by the turbinal
Naphthalol {naf -thal-ol) Inaphth''], CgH^- bones in the nasal passages. N. Line. See
OH.COOCjgH^. A salicylic-acid derivative Lines, Table of. N. Nerve. See AWves,
of /^ naphthol. Table of. N. Voice, a peculiar muffled
Naphthol, Naphtol {naf'-thol, naf'-tol), timbre of the voice, especially marked in
Cjyl 1,011. A substance found in coal-tar cases of perforation of the palate.
and prepared artificially from iia[)hthalin. It Nascent (nas^-ent) [nasci, to be born]. A
exists in isomeric forms, a-naphthol and
tviô term applied to gaseous substances at the
/?-naphthol, and occurs in the form of pale, moment of their liberation from chemic
buff-colored crystals, /i-naphthol (Naphtol, union.
U. S. P.) is employed in dyspepsia, and as Nasion [na^-ze-on) \_nastis, nose]. The me-
an intestinal antiseptic in diarrheas, typhoid dian point of the nasofrontal suture.
fever, etc. Locally, it is used in eczema, Nasmyth's Membrane. The epithelial
prurigo, herpes, favus, etc. Dose, gr. v-x membrane enveloping the enamel of the tooth
(0.32-0.65). during its
development and for a short time
Narcein [jiar' -se-hi) [rd/i«//, numbness], . after birth ;
cuticula dentis.
C.jIIjyNOg. An alkaloid contained in opium. Naso- [na'-zo-) [^nasus, nose]. A prefix
It is sparingly soluble in water and alcohol, denoting connection with or relation to the
and forms fine, silky, inodorous, bitter crys- nose.
tals. It is used as a substitute for morphin. Nasofrontal [na-zo-fron'-tal) \_nasiis , uose ;
Dose, (0.016).
gr. % frons, forehead]. Pertaining to the nasal
Narcohypnia {nar-ko-hip^ -ne-aJi) [riip/c^, and the frontal bones.
stupor; I'TTX'of, sleep]. Waking inimbness ; Nasolabial (tia-zo-la^-be-al) \_nasus, nose;
a peculiar state in which the patient has a labium, lip] .
Pertaining to the nose and lip.
sense of numbness on awaking. Nasolacrimal [na-zo-lak'-rim-al) \_nasus,
Narcolepsy {nar'-ko-lep-se) \ydpKii, stupor ; nose ; lacrima, tear]. Pertaining to the nose
Au/iBnvetv, to seize]. An uncontrollable and the lacrimal apparatus, as the naso-
tendency to attacks of deep sleep of short lacrimal duct.
duration. It has been observed in epilepsy Nasopalatine {na-zo-faF-at-en)[ttastis, nose ;
and other affections. palatine~\. Pertaining to both the nose
I.
Narcosis [ntv-ko'-sis) [vap/coii', to benumb]. and the palate, as the N. nerve. 2. Giving
The complete unconsciousness pro-
state of passage to the N. nerve, as the N. canal.
duced by a narcotic drug or an anesthetic. Nasopharyngeal {na-zo-far-in^ -Je-al) \_nastis,
Narcotic {nar-kot'-ik) \_vapKovv, to benumb]. nose ; (pup v}i pharynx]. Pertaining to both
1. Producing stupor. 2. A drug that pro- the nose and the pharynx, or to the naso-
duces narcosis. pharynx.
Narcotin {>iar' -kot-in') [I'ap/coiJi',
to benumb], Nasopharynx [na-zofar^-inks) [^nasus, nose;
C.,._,H,^3NO.. An alkaloid of opium, sepa- (j>apv}i, pharynx].The space between the
rated from morphin by potassium hydroxid. posterior nares and a horizontal i^lane through
It crystallizes from alcohol in shining prisms, the lower margin of the soft palate.
and melts at 176° C. It is sudorific and Nataloin [aa-tal'-o-in) [AÂ//, an African
antipyretic, but has no narcotic effects. Dose, state; dAd?/, the aloe], CjjHjgOjj. The aloin
gr. i-iij (0.06-0.20). derived from Natal aloes.
Narcotism {nar'-kot-izm') \î'npKovv, to be- Natal Sore. See Furunculus orientalis.
numb]. The condition resulting from the Nates [na'-tez) \^natis, the buttock]. The
use of a narcotic. buttocks. N. of Brain, the anterior pair of
Narcotize [nar'-ko-tiz] \_vapKQVv, to benumb]. the corpora quadrigemina.
To ])ut under the influence of a narcotic to ;
Native [tia^-tiv) \^nativus, born]. Of indig-
render unconscious by means of a narcotic. enous origin or growth ; occurring in its
Naris {na'-ris) [L.]. One of a jiair of open- natural state; not artificial. N. Albumins,
ings at the anterior part (Anterior nares), a class of proteids occurring ready-formed
or at the posterior part (Posterior nares) in the tissues.
of the nasal fossa?. Natrium [na'-tre-um). See Sodium.
Nasal (ria'-zal) \nasus, the nose]. Pertain- Natron i^na'-trun) [Ar., natriln, native car-
NECK NECK
Vessels and Nerves of the Neck.

Subclavian artery. 2. Subclavian vein. 3, 3. Common carotid artery. 4. Internal jugular vein. 5.
Anterior jusûlar vein. 6. Omohyoid muscle. 7. Sternohyoid muscle. 8. Trunk of pneuniogastric
nerve. 9. Hypoglossal nerve. '10. Its terminal portion. 11. Its descending branch. 12. Internal
descending branch of cervMca! plexus. 13. Plexus formed by last two branches. 14. External carotid
artery. 15. Superior thvroid artery and vein.
16. Lingual and facial arteries. 17. Facial artery and
vein. 18. Occipital artery. 19. Anterior branches of the first four cervical nerves. 20. Superior
laryngeal nerve.
NATURAL NECTANDRA
bonate of sodium], i. Native sodium car- yevvav, to beget]. Originating from dead
bonate. 2. Soda. 3. Sodium or potassium substances.
nitrate. Necrometer [nek-ro»i'-et-er) \_VEKp6q, corpse;
Natural (;<<//''-«-;-«/)[««/'//;-«, nature]. Per- /lETpov, measure]. An instrument for weigh-
taining to nature. N. History, a term ing organs at an autopsy.
incluiling a description of all the products and Necropsy [nek' -rop-sc) \_veKp6q, corpse oi/;«f, ;
phenomena of nature, but at present generally seeing]. The examination of a dead body ;
restricted to the sciences of zoology and autopsy ; postmortem.
botany. N. Philosophy, the science treat- Necrosis [uek-ro'-sis) [ve/cpdf, corpse]. The
ing of the physical properties of matter at rest death of cells surrounded by living tissue.
and in motion now usually called physics.
; Necrosis proper refers to death in mass,
Nauheim Treatment [now ^ him).
-
See necrobiosis to death of individual cells.
Si'iotfs Treatment of Heart-disease. Among the causes of necrosis are direct in- :
Nausea (iiaw' -she-afi) [yavaia, seasickness]. jury, obstruction of the circulation, loss of
Sickness at the stomach, with inclination to trophic iniluence. The varieties of necrosis
vomit. N. marina, N. navalis, seasick- are coagulative necrosis, liquefactive necro-
:
ness. cheesy necrosis, dry, and moist gangrene.

sis,
Nauseant [jiaw'-she-ant) \_vavaia, seasick- Necrosed tissues may be absorbed, retained,
ness]. I. Nauseating; producing nausea. or thrown off. The dead tissue is called
2. Any agent that produces nausea. sequestrum in case of bone, and sphacelus in
Nauseating, Nauseous {naiv^-she-a-ting, case of soft parts. In surgery the term nec-
11 aw' she us) \_vavala., seasickness].
- -
Pro- rosis is often applied specifically to the
death
ducing nausea or loathing. of bone. Necrosis of bone is divided into
Navel [>ia'-vc/) [AS., iiafela, navel]. The N., Superficial, when the portion of bone
uml)ilicus. N. -string,
the umbilical cord. just beneath the periosteum is affected N., ;
Navicular {na-vik'-u-lar) \_navicula, a little Central, when the internal portions are in-
ship]. Boat-shaped. N. Bone, the scaphoid volved, and N., Total, when the bone
bone of the foot. N. Fossa. I. depres- A through its entire thickness is necrotic. N.,
sion between the vaginal aperture and the Balser's Fatty. See Diseases, Table of.
fourchet. 2. A dilatation of the urethra near N., Cheesy, necrosis characterized by the
the glans penis. formation of a cheese-like material. It is
Near-point. The punctum proximum, the usually due to the presence of the tubercle-
point nearest the eye at which an object can bacillus, and is most often seen in the lungs.
be seen distinctly. N., Absolute, that near- N., Coagulation-, N., Coagulative, a
point for either eye alone at which no effort at variety characterized by the formation of
accommodation is made. N., Relative, that fibrin. It is most common in the blood, in
near-point for both eyes at which accommoda- thrombosis. It also occurs on mucous mem-
tion brought into play.
is branes, where it produces a false membrane,
Near-sight. See Myopia. chietly under the influence of the bacillus of
Nearthrosis [ne-ar-thro'-sis) [rfof, new; diphtheria, but also of other irritant agents.
nptlpov,]omX.'].
A
false articulation. Occasionally it occurs in the interior of organs
Nebula {tieb'-u-lah) [L.]. cloud A ;
a faint, as the result of embolism or thrombosis, lead-
grayish opacity of the cornea. ing to the formation of an anemic infarct.
Nebulizer {nel>'~-ii-li-zer) \jiebula, a cloud]. N., Colliquative. See ^V., Liquefactive.
See Atovtizer. N., Embolic, coagulative necrosis in an
Neck [AS., hnecca, neck].
{}ick) The con- anemic infarct following embolism. N.,
stricted portion of the body connecting the Liquefactive, a process analogous to coagu-
head with the trunk also, the narrow portion
; lative necrosis, but instead of fibrin the
pecu-
of any structure serving to join its parts. See liar reaction of fluids and cells gives rise to
Cervix. N., Anatomic, the constricted the formation of a liquid. N., Mercurial,
portion of the humerus, just below the articu- a necrosis of bones due to chronic poisoning
lar surface, serving for the attachment of the with mercury. N., Phosphorus-, a necrosis
capsular ligament. N.-berg, the vulgar of bone, especially of the lower jaw, occur-
name of the cervical portion of the thvmus ring in those exposed to the fumes of phos-
gland of animals. See Hca7-t-berg. N., phorus. N. ustilaginea, dry gangrene
Derbyshire. Synonym of 6ÔTV,?r. N. Sur- from ergotism.
gical, the constricted part of the humerus Necrotic [uek-rot'-ik) [rf/cpof, corpse]. Per-
just below the condyles. N., Wry-. Syn- taining to or cliaracterized by necrosis.
onym of Torticollis. Necrotomy [nrk-rot'-o-nie) \_vzKp6q, a corpse;
Necrobiosis {>tck-ro-bi-o'-sis) [ve/cpdf, corpse ; Toiîi],
a cutting] The dissection of a dead
.
/?/of, life]. Molecular death of tissue. body.

Necrogenic [>iek-ro-jen' -ik) [rt/i/jof, corpse; Nectandra {jiek-tan'-drah) [reurap, nectar;
NEEDLE NEPHRITIS
ap^f}, a male]. A tree of the order Laura- Nelavan {neV -ov-an). See Lethargy, Af-
ceve. The bark of Nectandra rodiasi (Nec- rican.
tandrce cortex, B. P.), contains tannic acid, Nematoblast {nern' -at-o-blasf)\yfjiia, thread ;
resin, sugar, albumin, various salts, and two fi'kacroq, germ]. A spermatoblast.
alkaloids, beberin and sipirin. It is tonic, Nematoda {iiein-at-o'-dah) [vr/zâ, thread ;
astringent, and febrifuge, and has been used fIJof, A

genus of worms, the thread-
form].
in malarial fevers, but is much less antipe- worms, some of which are parasitic in man
riodic than cinchona. Dose, gr. xx-^'], and the lower animals. The most im-
(1.3-4.0); of beberin sulphate, gr. ij-v jjortant of these are Anguillula, Ankyjostoma,
(0.13-0.32). Ascaris, Eustrongylus, Filaria, Oxyuris,
Needle yiie'-dl^ [AS., na:dl, needle]. A Strongylus, Trichina, Trichocephalus.
sharp-pointed steel instrument used for sew- Nematode, Nematoid {neni'-at-od, nem'-at-
ing, and for penetrating tissues for the purpose oid) \_rfifin, thread flrfoc, form].
; Thread-
of carrying a ligature through. N., Aneu- like belonging to or resembling the Nema-
;
rysm-, one fixed on a handle, and with the tcda, or thread-worms; applied to thread-
eye at the point, especially adapted for ligating worms, hair-worms, round worms, pin-worms.
vessels. N., Cataract-, one for operating Neoarthrosis {ne-o-ar-thro' -sis) \yioq, new ;
upon the cataractous lens or its capsule. N., cifjOpof, a joint]. A false joint.
Discission-, one for insertion through the Neonatal {ne-o-na'-tal) [ifof, new ; natiis,
cornea, and breaking the capsule and sub- born]. Pertaining to the new-born.
stance of the crystalline lens. N., Explor- Neoplasm [nc'-o-plaz»t) [_vko^, new ;
7r2d(T-
ing, a grooved sharp-pointed rod introduced oeLv, tomold]. A circumscribed new growth
into a cavity or a part for the purpose of de- of tissue, characterized by abnormality of
termining the presence of fluid. N., Hage- structure or location. As generally used,
dorn's, a flat suture-needle curved on its the term includes all true tumors, as well as
edge, with the eye perforating the side. N.- tumor-like growths due to microorganisms,
holder, a handle for clasping a needle. N., as the gumma and tuberculous tumor.
Hypodermic, the fine needle-pointed metal- N., Inflammatory Fungoid, mycosis fun-
lic tube attached to the barrel of the hypoder- goides.
mic syringe. N. -knife, one that has a Neoplastic {ne-o-plas'-li/c)\_riLi>c, ntw ;
izAaa-
sharp cutting edge it is used in the discis-
; ativ, to
mold]. Pertaining to, or of the
sion of cataracts. nature of a neoplasm.
Needling [nc' -tiling) [AS., ncedl, needle]. Neoplasty {^ne' -o-plas-te) [I'f'of,
new ;
Tr/ldcr-
The process of lacerating a cataract with a cfiiv, to mold]. The restoration of lost tissue
needle, to afford entrance to the aqueous by a plastic operation.
humor and cause absorption of the lens. Nepeta [nep'-et-ah). See Catnip.
Negative [)teg^ -af-iv) [iiegare, to deny]. Nephralgia [nefral'-je-ah) [I'tt/^/idf, kidney ;
Denying; contradicting; opposing. Of quan- aKyoq, a pain].

"
Neuralgic pain of the kid-
tities, less than nothing; in physics, opposed ney.
to a quality termed positive. N. Accom- Nephrectomy [nef-rek' -to-nie) [I'fopdr, kid-
modation, the absence of active accommo- ney ; f/iro/;//, excision]. Excision (jf the kid-
dation the state of the eye at rest, or when
; ney. N. Abdominal, N. through an abdom-
looking at an object at an infinite distance. inal incision. N., Lumbar, N. through an
N. Blood-pressure, pressure which is less incision in the loin.
than that of the atmosphere. It exists in the Nephria {nef'-re-aJi'). Set Bright' s Disease.
large veins near the heart, owing to the aspirat- Nephric {nif'-rik) [rf^/idf, kidney]. Per-
ing action of the thorax. N. Chemotaxis, taining to the kidney.
the absence of the power of attracting leuko- Nephritic {nef-ril'-ik) [from 1 ccipdf kidney ; ,
cytes and wandering cells, or their actual i-ir, inflammation], i. Pertaining to ne-
repulsion. N. Electrode, N. Pole, the phritis. 2. Improperly, pertaining to the kid-
electrode or pole of an electric battery con- ney the correct term is nephric.
;
nected with the positive plate and conducting Nephritis (nefri'-tis) [I'ff/ipdr, the kidney ;
N. electricity. N. Variation of the Mus- iTiq,inflammation]. Inflammation of the

cle-current, a diminution in the strength of kidney. The inflammation when affecting
the muscle-current during tetanic contraction. the epithelium is termed Parenchymatous
Neisseria {iii-se'-re-aJi) [after A'eisser, a Ger- N., which may be acute or chronic. It is
man physician]. A group of schizomycetes. known as Tubular, Catarrhal, or Des-
also
See BacttTJa, Table of. quamative N.,or, when affecting especially
Nelaton \^Nelatim, a French surgeon]. N.'s the glomerule, as glomerulonephritis. That
Catheter, a soft rubber catheter. N.'s involving the connective tissue chiefly is
Line. See Lines, Table of. N.'s Probe. called Interstitial N., and may also be acute
See Probe. or chronic. The acute gives rise to abscess
NEPHROGENOUS NERVE
of the kidney. A nephritis in which both [j'f^pof, kidney ; Aidog, stone ; to/jt/, a cut-
elements are involved is termed Diffuse ting]. An
incision of the kidney for the
N. In Acute Parenchymatous N., or removal of a calculus.
acute Bright' s disease, the kidney is en- Nephropyosis [nef-ropi-o' -sis). Same as
larged, congested, its structural markings are Pyojiephrosis.
-
obscured, the epithelium is in a state of cloudy Nephrorrhagia {iicf-ror-a' je-ah^ \yt(^p6c^,
swelling or fatty degeneration, and many kidney; peyvvvai, to burst forth]. Renal
tubules contain casts in others the epithelium
; hemorrhage.
is desquamated. The symptoms are fever, Nephrorrhaphy (iief-ror' -a-fe) \yt<^p()ii,
kid-
lumbar pains, and often dropsy the urine is ; ney ; ixiî/, suture]. The
of a stitching
scanty and contains albumin, blood, casts, and floating kidney to the posterior wall of the
ejiithelialcells uremia is common.
;
In abdomen or to the loin.
Chronic Parenchymatous N. (large Nephrotomy (rief-rot'-o-nie) [I'fi/ipof, kidney ;
white kidney) the kidney is enlarged, pale TOjif/, a cutting]. Incision of the kidney.
or yellow, and soft ; the epithelium presents N., Abdominal, one through an abdominal
an advanced stage of fatty degeneration. incision. N., Lumbar, one through an
Casts are often present. The symptoms are incision in the loin.
-
anemia, dropsy, gastrointestinal disturbances, Nephrotyphoid, Nephrotyphus (iief-ro-ti'
dyspnea, and retinitis the urine
;
is foid, nef-ro-ti' -fits) [i'f(/)/)(if, kidney rv(poc, ;
scanty and contains a large amount of albu- stupor]. Enteric fever with prominent renal
min, granular,fatty, and waxy casts, and complications.
compound granule-cells. Acute intersti- Neroli i^ner'-o-le) [Fr.]. Oil of orange-
tial N. is due to septic infection either flowers.
through the blood, as in pyemia, or through Nerve [nut"') [neri'ns, nerve]. An elon-
extension along the ureter or from neighbor- gated, cord-like structure made up of aggre-
ing structures. In chronic interstitial N. gations of N. -fibers and having the property
(granular or gouty kidney), the kidney is of transmitting nervous impulses. N., Accel-
small, hard, the capsule is adherent, the sur- erator, the cardiac sympathetic N. stimu- ,
face is granular and marked by cysts. The lation of which causes acceleration of the
cortex is diminished in thickness. Micro- heart's action. N., Afferent, one that trans-
scopically there is a marked increase in the mits impulses from the periphery to the cen-
connective tissue about the tubules, the glom- tral nervous system. N., Calorific, a N.,
eruli, and the blood-vessels. The glomeruli stimulation of which increases the heat of the
show degenerative changes, the epithelium parts to which it is distributed. The term is
is atrophic and degenerated. The symptoms applied to the dilator nerves and to those
are anemia, loss of flesh and strength, dis- stimulating functional activity of organs.
turbances of digestion, dyspnea, and asthma- N.-cell, a mass of protoplasm containing a
tic attacks polyuria, the urine being of a
; large vesicular nucleus within which lies
low and containing only
specific gravity, pale, a well-marked nucleolus. N. -cells have
a small amount of albumin and but few hya- one or more elongated processes, and in
line casts. There is also hypertrophy of the accordance with the number of these are
heart and sclerosis of the arteries the pulse is ; designated unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar.
of high tension, and the second aortic sound The processes are of two kinds the axis- :
is accentuated. Uremia is common. N., cylinder process and the protoplasmic pro-
Saturnine, that due to chronic lead-poison- cesses. The axis-cylinder (Deiter's) process
ing. N., Scarlatinal, an acute nephritis either becomes an axis cylinder of a N. -fiber,
due to scarlet N., Tuberculous,
fever. or divides within the gray matter into deli-
that due to the presence of tubercle-bacilli. cate filaments it gives off minute
;
branches
It presents itself either in the form of case- termed collaterals the other processes are
;
ating masses or cavities in the substance of supposed to have nutritive and conducting
the kidney, or as miliary tuberculosis of the functions. N. -center, a group of ganglion-
organ. cells acting together in the performance of
Nephrogenous {]ief-i-oj' -en-ns) [rfi/)/jor, kid- a function. N., Centrifugal. See JV. Effer- ,
ney jewdi', to beget]. Originating in the

;
ent. N., Centripetal. See N., Afferent.
kidney; of renal origin. N. -corpuscles, nucleated corpuscles lying
Nephrolith [ne/'-ro-lit/i) \_ve(f>j)6^, kidney; between the neurilemma and the medullary
A/ftjf, stone]. A calculus of the kidney. sheath of medullated N. -fibers. N., Cra-
Nephrolithiasis {nef-ro-lith-i' -as-is) [i't(/i/30f, nial, a N. arising directly from the brain
kidney; AiOo^, stone]. The formation of and making its exit through one of the fora-
renal calculi, or the diseased state that leads >
mina in the skull. N., Depressor, an affer-
to their formation. ent N., irritation of which depresses or in-
^'o -
Uth -
qI'-q -
hibits the vasomotor center. N., Efferent,
Nephrolithotomy {"rf- nte)
NERVES NERVES
ork» carrying impulses from the central nerv- together by the endoneurium ;
while each
ous system to the periphery. N. -endings, fasciculus is surrounded by a sheath termed the
the terminations of nerves at the periphery or perineurium. The

epineuriura holds together
in the nerve-centers. N. of Expression, the several fasciculi composing a nerve-trunk.
the facial nerve. N. -fiber, a fiber having N., Frigorific, a sympathetic nerve, stimula-
the property of conducting invisible or motion of which causes a fall of temperature ;
lecular waves of stimulation from one part of the vasoconstrictor nerves are frigorific
an organism to another, and so establishing nerves. N. -grafting, the transplanting of
physiologic continuity between such parts a portion of healthy nerve from an animal to
without the necessary passage of waves of man, to reestablish the continuity of a divided
contraction (Romanes). There are two nerve neuroplasty.
; N.-head, the optic
kinds of nerve-fibers the medullated, or
: disc or papilla. N., Inhibitory, one the
myelinic, and the nonmedullated, or amyel- stimulation of which inhibits or lessens the
inic. A typic medullated fiber consists activity of an organ. N., Motor, one con-
of theaxis-cylinder, which may be sur- taining only or chiefly motor fibers. N.-
rounded by a sheath, the axilemma ; the plexus, a grouping of nerves. N., Pressor,
medullary sheath, or white substance of an afferent nerve, irritation of which stimu-
Schwann ; neurilemma, or sheath of
the lates the vasomotor center. N., Secretory,
Schwann. The
axis-cylinder is made up of an efferent nerve, stimulation of which causes
fine fibrillie cemented together by a granular increased activity of the gland to which it is
interstitial substance, the neuroplasm. The distributed. N., Spinal, one of those aris-
medullary sheath consists of a reticulated ing from the spinal cord and making its exit
framework composed of a material resem- through an intervertebral foramen. There
bling neurokeratin, and a semifluid substance are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. N. -storm,
filling the interstices, called myelin. At a sudden outburst or paroxysm of nervous dis-
regular intervals the medullated sheath is turbance. N. -stretching, mechanic elonga-
marked by interruptions, the nodes of Ranvier. tion or tension of a nerve, for the relief of neu-
Each internode, as the portions of fiber in- ralgia, spasmodic contraction, and other path-
cluded between two Ranvier's nodes are ologic conditions. N., Sympathetic, one of
termed, possesses a nerve-corpuscle. The a system of nerves distributed chiefly to the
neurilemma, sheath of Schwann, or primitive blood-vessels and to the viscera. See Sy»i-
sheath, is a delicate elastic membrane, closely pathetic. N., Thermic. A
synonym of A'.,
investing the medullary substance. On its Calorific. N.-tire, neurasthenia. N., Tro-
inner surface are placed the nerve-corpuscles. phic, a nerve, the function of which is to pre-
The nonmedullated, pale, or Remak's fibers side over the nutrition of the part to which
do not possess a medullary sheath, but consist it is distributed. N., Vasoconstrictor.
only of axis-cylinder and neurilemma. The See A^, Vasomotor. N., Vasodilator. See
nerve-corpuscles are more abundant than in A'., Vasomotor. N., Vasomotor, any one
medullated nerve-fibers. Medullated nerve- of the nerves controlling the caliber of the
fibers arefound in the cerebrospinal nerves, blood-vessels ;
—
they are of two kinds those
while nonmedullated fibers occur in the sym- stimulation of which causes contraction of
pathetic nerves and tend to form plexuses. the vessels, vasocon.strictor nerves, and those
Nerve-fibers are aggregated into fasciculi ;
stimulation of which causes active dilatation,
these in turn unite to form nerve-trunks. vasodilator nerves. Ordinarily vasomotor is
The nerve-fibers in a fasciculus are held synonymous with vasoconstrictor.
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF NERVES.— Confimm/.
Name.
NERVES
f:
Medullated Fiber, with Schwann's Sheath.
6. Medullated fiber, with Schwann's sheath, c.

Neurilemma. T, T. Ranvier's nodes, b. White
substance of Schwann, d. Cells of the endo-
neurium. A. Axis-cylinder.
Primitive Fibrilla and Axis-cylinder. Medullated Varicose Fiber.
Typical Nerve-structures.
'
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF ^¥,RWES.— Continued.
Name.
NERVES NERVES
Multipolar Nerve-cell from the Spinal Cord.

z. Axis-cylinder process, y. Protoplasmic processes.
Remak's Fibers.
Ner\-e-fibers treated with silver nitrate and showing
Frohmann's lines.
Transverse Section of a Nerve-fiber.
Peripheral Ganglionic Cell, with a Connective- Ganglionic Cell, Showing a Spiral and a Stiaignt
tissue Capsule. Process.
Typical Nerve-strlctures.
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF liERYES.—Coniinued.
Name.
NERVES NERVES
Medisection of Brain. Points of Exit of Nen-es.

Falx cerebri. 2, 2. Its convex border, with the great longitudinal sinus. 3. Its concave border. 4, 4.
Inferior longitudinal sinus. 5. Base of falx cerebri. 6. Straight sinus. 7. Apex of faLx cerebri. 8.
Right half of the tentorium, seen from below, g. Right lateral sinus. 10. Superior petrosal sinus.
II. Inferior petrosal sinus. 12. Posterior occipital sinus. 13. Fal.x cerebelli. 14. Optic nerve. 15.
Motor oculi. 16. Pathetic. 17. Trigeminus. iS. Abducens. 19. Facial and auditory nerves. 20.
Glossopharyngeal, pneumogastric, and spinal accessory nei"ves. 21. Hypoglossal ner\-e. 22. First
cervical nerve. 23. Second cervical nerve. 24. Upper extremity of ligamentum denticulatum.
Nucleus of third.
Corpora quadrigemina . Nucleus of fourth.
Motor nucleus of fifth.
Sensory nucleus of fifth.

Nucleus of sixth.
Eminentia teres. Nucleus of facial.
Principal nucleus of audi-

Striae acousticas. tory.
Nucleus of glossopharyn-
Ala cinerea. geal.
Nucleus of vagus.
Nucleus of spinal acces-
sory.
Nucleus of hypoglossal.
Calamus scriptorius.
Diagram of Fourth Ventricle of Brain and Adjacent Parts, as Seen from Dorsal
Aspect, to Show Posi-
tions of Nerve-nuclei.— {A/ier J-:r6.)
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF NERVES.— Conitnued.
Name.
NERVES NERVES
Superior or Cervical Seg- Middle or Dorsal Cord

Inferior Portion of
ment of Spinal Cord. Portion of Cord. and Cauda Equina.
Floor of fourth ventricle. 2. Superior cerebellar peduncle. 3. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 4. In-
ferior cerebellar peduncle. 5. Enlargement at upper extremity of posteromedian column. 6. Glosso-
pharyngeal nerve. 7. \'agus. 8. Spinal accessory, q, 9, q, 9. Ligamentum denticulatum. 10,10,10,
10. Posterior roots of spinal nerves. 11, 11, 11, ij. Posterolateral fissure. 12, 12, 12, 12. Ganglia of
posterior roots. 1-5, 13. .Anterior roots. 14. Division of united roots into anterior and posterior
ner\es. 15. Terminal extremity of cord. 16, 16. F"ilum terminale. 17, 17. Cauda equina. I, VIII.
Cervical nerves. I, XII. Dorsal nerves. I, V. Lumbar nerves. I, V. Sacral nei-ves.
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF NERVES.— Couîmted.
Name.
NERVES NERVES
'
TT?'!?) S,
Brachial Portion of Musculocutaneous, Median, Terminal Portion of Median Ner\e and of Ulnar
and Ulnar Nerves.— (//olden.) Nerve.— (//o/den.)
1. Musculocutaneous nerv-e. 2. Branch to coracobrachialis. 3. Branch to biceps. 4. Branch to brachialis
anticus. 5. Anastomotic branch from median. 6. Division of musculocutaneous. 7. Radial ner\e.
8. Its external cutaneous branch. 9. Internal cutaneous. 10. Its anterior or ulnar branch. 11. Upper
portion of median and ulnar ner\'es. 12. Their middle portion. 13. Branch to pronator radii teres.
14. Trunk giving rise to anterior muscular branches. 15. Branches to flexor profundus digitoruni.
16. Branch to flexor longus proprius pollicis. 17. Interosseous branches. 18. Palmar cutaneous
branch. 19. Branch for muscles of thenar eminence. 20. External collateral branch to thumb. 21.
Internal collateral branch. 22. External collateral branch to index-finger. 23. Common trunk of
internal collateral branch to index-finger and external collateral branch to middle finger. 24. Trunk
of internal collateral to middle finger and external collateral branch to ring finger. 25. Branch of
ulnar ner\'e to flexor carpi ulnaris. 26. Branches to two inner fasciculi of flexor profundus digitoruni.
27. Cutaneous and anastomotic filament. 28. Dorsal branch. 29. Superficial palmar branch. 30.
Common trunk of internal collateral branch to ring finger and external collateral branch to little
finger. 31. Internal collateral branch to little finger. 32. Deep palmar branch. 33. Branch of the
latter to h>-pothenar muscles. 34. Branches to muscles of fourth interosseous and to fourth lumbricalis.
35. Branches to muscles of third interosseous space and to third lumbricalis. 36. Branches to the
adductor of the thumb and to the muscles of the first two interosseous spaces.
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF NERVES.— Cow/'/«?/â'.
Name.
NERVES NERVES
'H" rfi. / S!^l'-^^r.taBi:>l
7'& v^"!', J 111 aî
i^j(îi;/ii\ \ i\4
Muscular Ner\'es of the Anterointernal Aspect of

the Thigh.
I. Anterior crural nei've. 2. Branches to iliacus

muscle. 3. Branch to inner part of psoas. 4.
Terminal Branches; of the Radial Xer\'e. Large cutaneous branch. 5, 6. Muscular fila-
—{Hulden.) ments of small musculocutaneous branch. 7.
Cutaneous branches. 8. Deep or anastomotic
I. Trunk of radial ner\'e. 2. Branch to supinator filament of internal cutaneous branch. 9.
longus. 3.Branch to extensor carpi radialis Branches to rectus femoris. 10. Branches to
longior. 4. Branch to extensor carpi radialis vastus externus. 11, 11. Branches to vastus
brevior. 5. Bifurcation. 6. Posterior or mus- internus. 12, 12. Internal saphenous nerve.
cular division. 7. This division traversing 13. Its patellar branch. 14. Vertical or tibial
the supinator brevis, to which it furnishes branch. 15. Obturator nerve. 16. Branch to
several branches. 8. Its terminal branches. adductor longus. 17. Branch to adductor bre-
9,9. Anterior or cutaneous division. 10. Ter- vis. 18. Branch to gracilis, iq. Branch to ad-
minal branches of this division, 11. Musculo- ductor magiuis. 20. Lumbosacral trunk. 21.
cutaneous nerve. 12, 12, 12. Its terminal Union of this trunk and the first sacral nerve.
branches. 13. One of its branches descending 22, 22. Lumbar and sacral portions of sympa-
to the wrist and anastomosing with the cuta- thetic. 23. External inguinocutaneous branch.
neous branch of the radial.
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF NERVES.— Cb«//««^^.
Name.
I«)ERVES NERVES
eJij'^''^ ,
'
•
\ »\
P fi
I
External Popliteal or Peroneal Nerve. The Great Sciatic Ners'e.

External popliteal nerve. 2. Fibular cutaneous Superior gluteal nerve. 2. Inferior gluteal or
branch. 3. Communicans peronei. 4. Exter- small sciatic nerve. 3, 3, 3.Branches to glu-
nal saphenous nerve. 5. Trunk formed by the teus maximus. 4. Branch to piriformis. 5.
union of the last two. 6. Calcanean branches. Genital branch of small sciatic. 6. Femoro-
7. External terminal branch. 8. Internal popliteal branch. 7, 7. Trunk of great sciatic.
branch. 9, g. Musculocutaneous ner\'e. 10, 10 8. Branch to long head of biceps. 9. Branch
Its terminal branches. 11. Anastomosis of its to short head. 10, 10. Branches to semitendi-
external terminal branch with internal saphe- nosus. II, II. Branches to semimembranosus.
nous. 12. Anastomosis of internal terminal 12, 12. Branches to adductor niagnus. 13. E.\-
branch with external. 13. Anterior tibial nerve. ternal popliteal. 14. liUernal jxipliteal. 15.
Its terminal portion, Filament to plantaris. Branches to
14. anastomosing with 16, 16.
the musculocutaneous and dividing to form gastrocnemius. 17. Origin of external saphe-
the deep dorsal internal collateral branch to nous.
the great toe, and the external collateral branch
to the second toe.
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF NERVES.— C<?«/m«^</.
Name.
NERVES NERVES
TABLE OF '^Y.KVY.S.— Continued.
Name.
NERVI NEURAPOPHYSIS
TABLE OF l<iERVES.— Continued.
Name.
NEURASTHENIA NEURO-
blend and form the neural arch, or the dorsal albuminous substance forming the basis of
wall of the spinal foramen. nerve -
tissue. 2.
CjHjgNO a poisonous
;
Neurasthenia (;/« ras-then-i' -ah, nu-ras- ptomain obtained from decomposing flesh
-
the' -ne-ah) \yevpov, nerve acdtvîa, weak- ; and in the decomposition of protagon by ba-
ness]. A group of symptoms resulting from rium hydroxid. Its action is similar to that
debility or exhaustion of the nerve-centers. of muscarin. 3. An extract of nerve-tissue

Among the more common symptoms are a employed therapeutically. See Organother-
lack of energy, undue readiness of fatigue, apy.
disinclination to activity, a sense of fulness Neurit {un'-rit) [_vei'pov, nerve]. Synonym
or pressure at the top of the head, pain in of A'eiiritc.
,the back, impaired memory, and disturbed Neurite {nu'-rlt) \ytvpov, nerve]. The axis-
sleep gastrointestinal symptoms, such as
; cylinder process of a nerve-cell.
anorexia, constipation, fulness after eating; Neuritic [nii-rit'-ik) [rfTpoi', nerve ; iriq, in-
amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea in women, flammation]. Pertaining to neuritis.
and spermatorrhea and impotence in men. Neuritis [iiu-ri'-tis) \_vEvpor, nerve; trtg, in-
N., Cerebral, N. marked by depression, flammation]. Inflammation of a nerve. N.,
inability to concentrate the mind, insomnia, Alcoholic. See N., Multiple. N., Ascend-
irritability, headache, visual disturbances, ing, inflammation extending from the pe-
etc. N.
gastrica, nervous dyspepsia, a con- riphery of a nerve centrad to the s])inal cord
dition of disturbed functional activity of or brain. N., Degenerative, neuritis in
the stomach, as a rule without retardation which the nerve-substance proper degener-
of digestion flatulence, pain, palpitation of ates. It is the same as A",
;
Parenchymatous.
the heart, and constipation are prominent N., Descending, neuritis the result of ex-
symptoms. N., Sexual, a depressed state tension of disease from the spinal cord or the
of the nervous system associated with distur- brain toward the periphery. N., Diabetic,
bance of the sexual function it is character- ; a polyneuritis sometimes seen in diabetes, and
ized by pain in the back, tender points along probably the result of autointoxication with
the spine, weakness of the extremities, great the products of faulty metabolism. N., In-
prostration on slight exertion, neuralgic terstitial, inflammation of the interstitial
pains, and other nervous manifestations. connective tissue of a nerve-trunk. N., Lipo-
Neurasthenic [im - ras - Ihen'-ik) [I'f r/ior, matous, that form in which the nerve-fibers
nerve; acBivEta, weakness]. Relating to, are completely destroyed and replaced by a
or characterized by neurasthenia. fibrous connective tissue in which much fat is
Neuraxis [nu-faks'-is) \_vevpov, nerve ; af/f , deposited. N., Malarial, neuritis due to the
axis]. The neural axis. malarial poison. N., Multiple, the simultane-
Neuraxon {mt-raks'-iin) \_vtvp(yv, nerve a^/f, ;
ous inflammation of several nerve-trunks, usu-
axis]. The axis-cylinder process of a nerve- ally symmetrically situated on both sides of
cell. the body. Its most common cause is alcoholic
Neure {nftr) \\'zvpriv\ Synonym of i\'67<;vM. poisoning; it maybe due to arsenic, malaria,
Neurectasis, Neurectasy [int-rek'-tas-is, mercury, lead; to diphtheria, pneumonia,
rek' (as -e) typhoid fever, and other infectious diseases.
- -
till
[yevpov, nerve; eKTactg,
stretching]. Nerve-stretching. Beriberi is a form of multiple neuritis. The
Neurectomy {nii-rek'-to-me) \_vsvpov, nerve ; symptoms depend somewhat upon the cause :
inTout], excision]. Excision of a part of a in alcoholic neuritis, themost frequent vari-

nerve. ety, there are paresthesias and pain, followed
Neurenteric {nnroi-h'r^-ik) [vEvpov, nerve; by paralysis of the legs and arms, wrist-drop
ivrepov, Pertaining to the em-
intestine]. and foot drop, with edema, loss of reflexes,
bryonic neural canal and the intestinal tube. and delirium. Anesthesia is slight there ;
N. Canal, a temporary connnunication exist- may be hyperesthesia or pain in some cases

;
ing between the neural canal and the intesti- ataxia is present. The sphincters are gen-
nal tube of the embryo. It is also called erally not affected. N., Optic, inflamma-
Kowalevsky's Canal. tion of the optic nerve. See Pap/llit/s. N.,
Neuridin [nit'-nd-iu^ \\'svpov, a nerve], Parenchymatous, a form in which the me-
CjHj^Nj. A ptomain produced in the putre- dullary substance and the axis-cylinders are
faction of horseflesh, beef, human muscle, chiefly involved, the interstitial tissue being
fish, cheese, etc. It has a repulsive odor but little altered or only aff"ected
secondarily.
and is nonpoisonous. See Ptomains, Table of. It is also called degenerative neuritis. N.,
Neurilemma {>tii-ril-em'-ah) \_vfvpov, nerve ; Pressure-, Inflammation of a nerve resulting
'kkp.pa, bark]. The sheath encasing a nerve- from compression.
fiber the sheath of Schwann.
; See Aêi-ve- Neuro- [nu'-ro-) \_vd-po\\ nerve]. prefix A
fiber. signifying connection with or relation to a
Neurin {_nu'->'in) [vEvpov, nerve]. I. The nerve.
NEUROBLAST NEURON
Neuroblast \_vEVfMv, nerve
[mt^-ro-blast) ; Neurologic {nn-ro-loj' -ik) \ytvpov, nerve ;
IÂaaro^, germ]. A
derived from thecell /id} Of, Pertaining to neurology.
science].
primitive ectoderm, and giving rise to nerve- Neurologist [nu-roi'-ojist) [veiipov, nerve;
fibers and nerve-cells. Myo(^, science]. One versed in neurology.
Neurocardiac {>iu-ro-kar' -de-ak) [itiyKn', Neurology [nn-rol^-o-je) [rfiywr, nerve; '/.6-
nerve Ka^nYia, heart].
; Pertaining to the )of, science]. The branch of medicine deal-
nervous system and the heart. N. Disease, ing with the anatomy, physiology, and path-
exoplithalmic goiter. ology of the nervous system.
Neurocyte [itu'-ro-sli) \ytvpov, nerve ; KVTog, Neurolysis [nu-roF-is-is) [yevpov, nerve;
cell]. Synon)-m of Akuron. 'Avat<;, solution]. Exhaustion of a nerve in
Neurodendron [nti-ro-den'-d)-iai) \_vEvpov, consequence of overstimulation.
nerve, (StviSpav, hall]. Synonym of Nennni. Neuroma [nii-ro'-ifia/i) [ifiywi', nerve; bpa,
Neurodermatitis i^nu-ro-der-niat-i' -tis) \\'t\)- tumor]. A tumor springing from a nerve.
pop, nerve It is a true N. when made
lUpfia, skin
; ircg, inflammation]. ;
up of nervous tis-
A neurotic aflection of the skin associated sue proper, and a false N. when consisting of
with itching. other than nervous tissue. False neuromas
Neurodin (;///''-.'-(7(^//«)[i'er'/:)oi', nerve].
Acet- may be fibromas, myxomas, gliomas, etc.
yiparao.xyphenylurethane, a crystalline sub- N., Amputation-, the neuroma of a stump,
stance used as an antineuralgic and antipyre- fonning at the end of a divided nerve. N.,
tic. Dose gr. xv-xxiiss (1.0-I.5). Amyelinic, a neuroma made up of nonmed-
- -
e - tJie^-le -
ullated nerve-fibers.
Neuroepithelium (;/« ro-e/> ttt)i) N., Ganglionic, N.,
[rtiyioi', nerve; epithelium'^. The highly Ganglionated, a neuroma made up of nerve-
specialized epithelial structures constituting cells. N., Myelinic, one made uj) of medul-
the terminations of the nerves of special lated N., Plexiform, one
nerve-fibers.
sense, as the rod-cells and cone-cells of characterized by the formation of multiple
the retina, the olfactory cells of the nose, the enlargements along the course of the cutane-
hair-cells of the internal ear, the gustatory ous nerves, giving rise to the appearance of
cells of the taste-buds. an intertwining network.
Neurofibroma (nti -10 -fi-bro'-iiiah^ \yevpov, Neuromatous [nu-ro' ->/iat-us)\_vtvpov nerve;
,
nerve ; yf/'/v?, fiber; 6/m, tumor]. tumor A bpa, tumor]. Of the nature of a neuroma.
of a nerve, composed of fibrous tissue. Neuromere (iiu' -j-o-nier) \_vsvpov, nerve ;
Neurogenesis [nu-ro-Jen^ -es-is) \i<evpov, pipo(;, part]. A natural segment of the cere-
nerve ; ye.vvdv, to produce]. The formation of brospinal axis.
nerves or nerve-tissue. Neuromimesis {iiu-ro-mi-me' -sis) \_Ytvpov,
Neurogenetic [nit - ro- gen - et - ik) \_vevpov, nerve; pifnâir, imitation]. Hysteric phe-
nerve ; yzvvav, to produce]. Pertaining to nomena reseml:>ling true organic disease.
neurogenesis. Neuromuscular [nu-i-o-mns' -kii-/ar) \\>Evpov,
Neuroglia {nti-rog'-le-ali) \_vnpov, nerve ; nerve; museulus, a muscle]. Pertaining
)Aia, glue]. The tissue, probably of ecto- conjointly to nerves and muscles.
dermic origin, forming the basis of the Neuromyositis [tiu-ro »ll-0-Sl '-iis) \_vevpov.
supporting framework of the nervous tissue nerve; pvg, muscle; irif, inflammation].
of the cerebrospinal axis. It consists of Myositis associated with neuritis.
peculiar cells, the glia-cells, having many fine Neuron [nu^-ron) [I'Evpov, nerve]. I. The
branching processes. cerebrospinal axis taken as a whole. 2. One
Neurogliar {jiu-rog'-lc-ar^ [ifipoi', nerve ;

of the countless number of units of whicli
yXia, glue]. Pertaining to or resembling the nervous system is composed. Each neu-
neuroglia. ron consists of a cell and a series of processes.
Neuroglioma [iiu-ro- gli- o'-maJi) \yEvpov, One of these processes is as a rule an axis-
nerve; glue; 6/m, tumor].
y'kla, A tumor cylinder and terminates free, generally break-
composed of neurogliar tissue a glioma. N., ; ing up into a bundle of fine fibrillar. The
Ganglionar, N., Ganglionare, a glioma other processes branch dichotomously, but
containing ganglion-cells. also terminate in free extremities; they
Neurography [iiu-rog'-ra-fe') \yEvpov, nerve ; are known as protoplasmic processes or den-
ypd^nLv, to write]. A
treatise on the anatomy drites. In the gray matter of the brain and
and physiology of the nerves and the nervous spinal cord the terminal processes of the neu-
system . ron form a dense felt- work, but not a commu-
Neurokeratin {nii
-
ro - ker' - at -
iii) \\<Evpov, nicating reticulum. In every physiologic act
nerve; Kkpaq, horn]. The form of keratin involving the nervous system at least two,
found in nerve-sheaths and the white sub- usually more, neurons participate. The neu-
stance of Schwann. ron at which the impulse starts is termed
Neurolemma {)m-ro-lein'-a]i). Synonym of archineuron the one at the termination, the
;
Retina . teleneuron. See also Nêrve-celL

32
NEUROPARALYSIS NIDUS
Neuroparalysis {jiu-ro-par-aV -is-is) \yEvj)ov, alkaline nor acid bland and soothing in-
; ;
nerve; -apa/yCTif, paralysis]. Paralysis due active. N. Mixture, liquor potassii citratis.
to disease of a nerve. Neutralize [mi' -tral-iz) [;/d'?//t-r, neither] To .
Neuropathic {ntt-ro-path'-ik) [t'eiyjor, nerve ;

render neutral to render inert
; ;
to counter-
Tvadoi:, disease]. Characterized by a dis-
I. balance an action or influence.
eased or imperfect nervous system. 2. De- Neutrophile [nu'-tro-fil) \_neHter, neither;
pending upon or pertaining to nervous dis- loving].
ipi/xi^, Stained readily by neutral
ease. N. Eschar, a bedsore following dyes applied to certain cells. N. Leuko-
;
disease of the spinal cord. cytes, leukocytes the protoplasm of which

Neuropathology {nii-ro-path-ol' -o-je) \yevpov, contains granules colored by neutral stains.
nerve; :rdtfef, disease; 'h6yo<;, science]. The Nevus, Naevus [ne'-vies) [L.]. i. A cir-
pathology of diseases of the nervous system. cumscribed area of pigmentation; a mole.

Neuropathy (jiu-rop'-ath-e) \yEvpo\\ nerve; 2. An angioma of the skin, usually congeni-
7rdr?oc, disease]. Any nervous disease. tal; mother's mark. N. araneus. See
Neurophysiology {tin-ro-fiz-e-oF -o-je) \yev- Acne N., Capillary, one that in-
rosacea.
pnu, nerve; ovoig, nature; ôyog, science]. volves the capillaries of the skin. N., Cuta-
The physiology of the nervous system. neous, a nevus of the skin. N. lipoma-
Neuroplasm \mi' -ro-plazni) \yevpov, nerve ; todes, a large, soft mole, containing a
-rrAt'iCGZLV, to mold]. The protoplasm filling quantity of fat and loose connective tissue.
the interstices of the fibrillse of nerve-cells. N. maternus. See A'evus, 2d definition.
Neuroplasty {>tu'-ro-plas-te) \ye.vpov, nerve; N. pigmentosus, a mole; a circumscribed,
Tz'kaGOZiv, to mold]. Aplastic operation on congenital pigmentary deposit in the skin,
the nerves. varying in color from a light fawn to a black-
Neuroretinitis (jm-ro-ret-in-V -tis) \yevpov, ish tint, and often associated with
hvper-
nerve; retitia, retina; iriq, inflammation]. trophy of the hairs. N. vascularis. See
Inflammation of both the optic nerve and the AW'ns, 2d definition.
retina. Niccolium, Nickel [ttik-oF-e-um, nik'-el)
Neurorrhaphy [nu-ror'-a-fe) \ytvpov, nerve ; [G. nickel, nickel].
, Symbol Ni atomic ;
pafr], suture]. The operation of sufuring a weight 58 ; quantivalence li, iv. metal of A
divided nerve. silver- white luster, resembling iron in
physical
Neurosin {nn-ro'-siti) \\'zvpov, nerve]. A properties. See Elements, Table of. N.
trade-name for several preparations contain- Bromid (NiBr^ -(- SHjO) has been used in
ing calcium, glycerol, and phosphates. epilepsy. Dose gr. v— x. (0.32-0.65). N.
Neurosis A Chlorid, Ni Cl^, has been used as a tonic in
(nit-ro'-sis) \yEvpov, nerve].
functional disease of the nervous system a — anemia. Dose gr. ij (0.13). N. Sulphate
disturbance of the nerve-centers or peripheral (NiSO^ +
7H2O), has been used as a tonic.
nerves not due to any demonstrable struc- Dose gr. ss-j (0.032-0.065).
tural change. N., Occupation-, N., Pro- Nicol's Prism William N'icol, of
[after
fessional, a functional disorder affecting Edinburgh]. A
polished prism of Iceland-
groups of muscles used in the performance spar, cut diagonally across the principal
of special movements. axis, the sections being joined together by
Neuroskeleton (jm-ro-skel' -et-on') \\rvpm', means of Canada balsam. It has the prop-
nerve; <T/is/frdi', skeleton]. The vertebrate erty of reflecting the ordinary ray of light out
endoskeleton, or true skeleton ; so called of the field, while the so-called polarized ray
from being made up of parts that correspond is transmitted.
with and largely serve to protect portions of Nicotiana (iiik-o-she-a' -naJi) . .See Tabaci/in.
the central nervous system. Nicotianin [nik-p-she-a'-nin] Â7-
[after Jean
Neurostearic {nu - ro - ste -
ar'-ik") \yEvpov, cot, a French ambassador to Portugal]. The
nerve; arkap, fat]. Pertaining to nervous volatile principle to which tobacco owes its
tissue and fat. N. Acid, CjgH3g02. An flavor.
acid isomeric with stearic acid, occurring in Nicotin {nik'-o-tin) [after Jean N'icol, a
the brain. French ambassador to Portugal], C,gH,^N.,.
Neurotabes {nti-ro-ta'-bez) \yfivpm\ nerve ;
A liquid poisonous alkaloid found in the
tabes, wasting]. A form of multiple neu- leaves of the tobacco-plant.
ritis resembling posterior sclerosis. Nictation (nik-ta'-sliun). Same as N'ictita-
Neurotic {tm-rot'-ik') \ytvpov, ners'e]. I. tion.
Pertaining to the nerves ; nervous. 2. Per- Nictitating [nik'-tit-a-tin^^ \^nictila7-e, to
taining to neuroses. 3. Having a disordered wink]. Winking. N. Membrane. .See
nervous system suffering from a neurosis.
; Membrane. N. Spasm, blepharospasm.
Neurotomy {nti-rot'-o-me) [ceiyjor, nerve; Nictitation (tiik-tit-a'-shnn) {^nictitare, to
refii'stv, to cut]. The division of a nerve. wink]. Abnormal frequency of winking.
Neutral [m/-tra/) [ww^/^r, neither]. Neither Nidus {ni'-dus)[L nest]. ,
i. A central
JNli'.MliY iM\, b riJî. INi 1 KUUtîN
point or focus of iniection a place in whicli

;
Nitrification {iii-trif-ika'-s/iuii) [niter; fa-
an organism finds conditions suitable for cere, to make]. The conversion of the nitro-
growth and development. 2. A
collection of •
gen of ammonia and organic compounds into

ganglion-cells at the deep origin of a cranial nitrous and nitric acids, a process constantly
nerve ;
a nucleus. N. hirundinis, a deep going on in nature under the influence of cer-
fossa in the cerebellum situated between the tain bacteria and other agencies.
velum medullare posterius in front and the Nitrifying [ni-trif'-i-iiig) [tiiter ; facere, to
nodulus and uvula behind. make]. Converting into nitrous and nitric
Niemeyer's Pill [ne'-mi-er) \_N'icineyer, a acids. N. Bacillus. See Bacteria, Tal/le
German physician]. A pill of quinin, grain 1, of.
digitalis, grain one-half, and opium, grain one- Nitril {m'-tnl) \_ntter'\.
A comjiound of
quarter. It is used in pulmonary tuberculosis, cyanogen with an alcohol-radicle in which
and is taken every six hours. the nitrogen is trivalent and the radicle is
Night-blindness. See Hemeralopia. united to the remaining carbon-atom. The
Night-blooming Cereus. See Cactus gran- nitrils are readily converted into acids.
Jillonis. Nitrite {ni'-trit) [;;;/«-]. A salt of nitrous

Nightmare [AS., neaht, niht, night; ?iiara, acid. See Aniyl nitrite. Sodium nitrite. Po-
mare]. A dream characterized by great dis- tassium ?ritrite. The nitrites produce dilata-
tress and a sense of oppression or suflocation. tion of the blood-vessels, diminution of the
Nightshade. A name applied to plants of blood-pressure, increased rapidity of the pulse,
the genus Solanum. N., Deadly, the and depression of the motor centers in the
Atropa belladonna. spinal cord. They are used as antispas-
Night-terrors. Distressing dreams occurring modics in asthma and angina pectoris, in
in children and causing them to wake up spasmodic dysmenorrhea, tetanus, epileptic
with cries of fear. and hysteric convulsions, and in cases of arte-
Nightingale [after I'lorence
[fii'-ting-gdl) riosclerosis with high arterial tension. Full
Nightingale, a nurse]. A
short cape used in doses in man give rise to flushing of the face,
hospitals to protect the shoulders and chest throbbing, and headache.
of nurses and patients. Nitro- [ni'-tro-) [;;//<;';']. A prefix denot-
Nigrosin (;//^-;^;7'-.f/;/) \_iiiger,h\ac\\'\. A blue- ing combination with nitrogen, or with the
black anilin dye, used in staining brain-tissue. radicle NO.^.
Nipple {nip'-l) neb, the beak
[allied to Nitrobacteria [?ii-tro-bak-te'-re-ah) [niter;
of a bird, from AS., nebb, the face]. 1 he bacterium']. Bacteria that convert ammonia
conic projection in the center of the mamma, into nitric acid.
containing the outlets of the milk-ducts. N.- Nitrobenzol, Nitrobenzene [ni-trc-ben'-zol,
line, a vertical line drawn on the surface of ni-tro-l'en'-zene) C^H^NOj. An oily, sweetish
the chest through the nipple. liquid made by the action of strong nitric
Nisus [ni'-sus) \_nisns, effort, from nifi, to en- acid on benzol. It is an intermediate product
The
periodic desire for procreation in the manufacture of anilin oil, and is em-
deavor].
manifested in the spring-season by certain ployed as a flavoring agent under the name
species of animals. Also, the contraction of of artificial oil of bitter almonds, or oil of
the diaphragm and abdominal muscles for mirbane. It is a powerful poison, resembling
the expulsion of the feces or the urine. hydrocyanic acid in action. Persons en-
Nit [AS., hnit'i, a nit]. The egg or larva gaged in its manufacture often suffer from
of tlie louse. headache and drowsiness.
Niter [iii'-ter) [Arab.,;/////?;;, natron]. Po- Nitrocellulose [ni-tro-seF-ii-los). See Py-
tassium nitrate or saltpeter. N., Cubic, roxylin.
sodium nitrate. N., Sweet Spirit of, Nitrogen [ni'-tro-jen) [Arab., ;;//;7/;;, natron ;
spiritus retheris nitro.si. yevvav, to produce]. Symbol N; atomic
Nitrate (ni'-trat)\^niter']. A salt of nitric acid. weight 14; quantivalence I, in, v. non- A
Nitrated {ni'-tra-teJ) \_niter\. Combined metallic element existing free in the atmos-
with nitric acid. phere, of which it constitutes aliout 77 per
Nitration {ni-tra' -shini) [;;//tv]. The pro- cent, by weight. It is a colorless, odorless
cess of combining or treating with nitric acid. gas, incapable of sustaining life. Chemic-
Nitric {iii'-trik) [;;/Av-]. Pertaining to or ally it very inert, and combines directly
is
containing niter. N. Acid. See Acid, N'i- with but few elements. It is an important
tric. N.-acid Test, a test for albumin, con- constituent of all animal and vegetal tissues.
sisting in the addition of nitric acid to the sus- With hydrogen it combines to form am-
—
pected fluid if albumin is present a precipi- monia, from which a multitude of important
tate is formed. The test is usually applied compounds are derived. It forms several
by superimposing the suspected fluid over the -

oxygen compounds Nitrogen monoxid,
:
acid (Heller's test). NÔ; nitrogen dioxid, NO ; nitrogen trioxid,

NITROGENOUS NORMAL
NjOg ; nitrogen tetroxid, NOj nitrogen pent- ;
meduUated nerve-fibers, where the sheath of
oxid, NjOj. The oxids combine with water Schwann lies upon the axis-cylinder. N.,
to form acids. With the halogens nitrogen Syphilitic, the localized swelling on bones
forms very explosive compounds nearly all ;
due to syj)hilitic jjeriostitis.
explosive substances are compounds of nitro- Nodose {iiu'-ddz) \_nodus, node]. Charac-
terized by nodes jointed or swollen at inter-
gen. ;
fro/- en vals.
- -
Nitrogenous {ni its) [tutroôi'].
Containing nitrogen. Nodosity (no-dos^-it-e) \_nodiis, node], i.
Nitroglycerin [niter; gly-

[^ni-tro-glis' -er-in]
The state of having nodes. 2. Anode. N.,
cerin], €3115(1^03)3. Glonoin, a colorless Bouchard's, a nodose condition of the second
oily liquid produced by the action of sulphuric joints of the fingers, supposed to be indica-
and nitric acids upon
glycerol. It is a tive of gastrectasis. N., Hagarth's, N..
powerful explosive physiologically it has the
; Heberden's, one of the firm notlules on the
actions of the nitrites, but is more persistent sides of the distal phalanges of the fingers in
than amyl nitrite, which it most resembles. rheumatoid arthritis.
Dose gr. îo-sV (0.0003-0.0013). Spiritus Nodular {nod'-n-lar) \_nodus, node]. Com-
glonoini (U. S. P.), a I is per cent, alcoholic posed of or covered by nodules resembling ;
solution. Dose (0.065-0.13). Tabel-

TT\,j-ij
a nodule.
lae nitroglycerin! (B. P.) contain each gr. ^^^ Nodule (jiod'-rd^ \_ncnhilns, dim. of nodus,
(0.0006) of nitroglycerin. anode]. A
small node. N. of Arantius.
Nitrohydrochloric Acid, Nitromuriatic See Corpus Arantii. N. of Cerebellum,
Acid {tii-tro-hi-dro-klo'-rik, 7ii-tro-iitii-re- the anterior termination of the inferior vermi-
at'-ik). See Acid, Nit7-ohydrochloric. form pirocess of the cerebellum. N. of
\^'\\.ios,o- (ni-t7-o' -so-) [;///(';]. A prefix signi- Morgagni. .Same as N. of Anuitius.
fying combination with nitrosyl, the univa- Noematachograph {jio-e- via-tak'-o- graf).
NO.
lent radicle, See NêmataeJiograph.
Nitrosonitric Acid {ni-tro-so-ni' -trik). Fum- Noematachometer {jto-e-nia-tak-om' -et-er).
ing nitric acid containing nitrous acid gas. See Nêmatachometer.
Nitrous (tti' -trus) Containing
\_niter'\.
i. Noli-me-tangere {iio' -li-nie-tan' -jer-e) [L.].
nitrogen as a univalent or trivalent element. See Rodent ulcer.
1. Pertaining to or derived from nitrous acid Noma {iio'-7nah) [ro//A/, a feeding, from vsji-
HNOj, an acid having one atom of oxygen elv, toeat]. Cancrum oris, gangrrena oris,
less than nitric acid. N. Ether, C^H^NOj, gangrenous stomatitis. A
grave, usually fatal,
ethyl nitrite, a very volatile liquid, having form of stomatitis, occurring in debilitated
properties similar to those of amyl nitrite. N. cliildren, generally during the convalescence
Oxid, NjO, nitrogen protoxid, hyponitrous from one of the exanthemata. It is charac-
oxid, laughing gas. It is used as a general terized by the formation of a rapidly spread-
anesthetic in dentistry and in minor surgery. ing ulcer involving the cheek and soon be-
See Anesthetic. coming gangrenous. The disease is micro-
Nitrosyl [iti-tro'-sil). The univalent radicle organismal in origin. N. pudendi, N.
NO. vulvae, a similar ulceration occurring about
Nocturnal (iiok'-titr-nnl) [;;cr, night]. Per- the genital region of female children.
taining to the night. N. Emission, N. Pol- Nonan (;;(/-«(?//) \jionns, ninth]. Occurring
lution, the discharge of semen without coitus every ninth day, or having an exacerbation
during sleep. N. Enuresis, incontinence of every ninth day.
urine at night during sleep. N. Epilepsy, epi- Nonipara [non- ip' -ar-ah) \71071ns, ninth;
lepsy in which the convulsions occur at night. parere, to bring forth]. See Multipa7-a.
Nodal [no'-dal) \^nodus, a node]. Pertain- Normal [7ior'-77ial) [^)7or/7/n, rule]. I. Con-
ing to a node. N. Point, the point of in- forming to natural order or law.
Having 2.
tersection of convergent rays of light with the typic structure. N. Antitoxic Se-
the visual axis of the eye. The first nodal rum, N. Therapeutic Serum, an anti-
point is 6.9685 mm. behind the summit of toxic blood-serum of which o. i gram is
the cornea. The second nodal point is to neutralize ten times the fatal
sufficient
7.3254 mm. behind the summit of the cornea, dose toxin for a guinea-pig weighing
of
or 0.1254 mm. behind the lens. 300 grams. N. Salt-solution or N. Sa-
Node {nod) \_)iodus,a. swelling or node]. I. line Solution, an aqueous solution of
A knob, swelling, or protulaerance. 2. A sodium chlorid of a strength similar to that
point of narrowing or constriction. N., of the body-fluids —
usually 0.6-0.75 percent.
Parrot's, one of the bony prominences on N. Solution, a solution containing in one
the outer table of the skull, the result of liter a quantity of the reagent equal to the
N., Ranvier's, one of
syphilitic periostitis. molecular weight in grams, and reduced so
the constrictions occurring in the course of that the replaceable hydrogen or its
equivalent
NORMOBLAST NUCK, CANAL OF
represents one gram. decinormal solution A on ihe upper or lower suiface. The apposi-
is one of one-tenth the strength, and a centi- tion of two notches of contiguous vertebras
normal solution one of one-hundredth the forms the intervertebral foramen. N.,
strength of the normal solution. Ischiatic. See A''., Saerosa'atic. N., Jugu-
Normoblast <ynor' mo-blast) \jiorma, rule ; lar, a notch forming the posterior Iwundary
ji/jiGTui;, germj. A
nucleated red corpuscle of the jugular ftjramen. N., Nasal, an
of the same size as an ordinary red corpuscle. uneven interval between the internal an-
Norris's Invisible Corpuscles. See Cor- gular processes of the frontal bone, which
piisclc. articulates with the nasal bone and the nasal
Nose (//cj) [AS., iioiii, nose]. The prom- process of the superior maxillaiy bone. N.,
inent organ occupying the center of the face, Popliteal, tlie depression on the posterior
the upper part of which [rc-g/o olfactoria) surface of the head of the tibia, separating
constitutes the organ of smell, the lower part the two tuberosities. N. of Rivinus, the
of which [7-egio respira(orta) represents the deficiency in the osseous tympanic ring, filled
commencement of the respiratory tract, in in by Shrapnell's membrane. N., Sacro-
which the inspired air is warmed, moistened, sciatic, one of two notches on the posterior
and deprived of impurities. The nose consists edge of the innominate bone. The greater
of two symmetric cavities, separated Ijy a sep- N. is just above the spine of the ischium,
tum, and is lined internally by mucous mem- and is converted into a foramen by the lesser
brane (Schneiderian membrane). N. -bleed, sacrosciatic ligament the lesser N. is below
;
epistaxis. N. -piece, a mechanic device the spine of the ischium, and is converted
to be attached to the tube of a microscope into a foramen by the sacrosciatic ligaments.
for holding two, three, or four objectives. N., Sigmoid, a deep semilunar depression
Nosegay, Riolan's. The entire group of separating the coronoid and condyloid pro-
muscles arising from the styloid process of cesses of the inferior maxillai'y bone. N.,
the temporal bone. Sphenopalatine, the notch that separates
Nosema {nos-c'-maJi) \voafn\ to be ill]. I. the orbital and sphenoid processes of the
Illness, disease. 2. A genus of Schizomy- palate bone. N., Suprascapular, a notch
cetes. N. bombycis. See Bacteria, Table in the superior border of the scapula at the
base of the coracoid process, for the passage
Nosogeny {710s
-
o/- en-e) \_v6ciog, disease;
of the suprascapular nerve. N., Supra-
)fi'i'di', to beget]. I'he development of dis- sternal, the depression at the top of the
eases. manubrium, between the two sternoclavicular
Nosography [iios-og'-ra-fe) \^f6aoQ, disease ;
articulations.
ypa<j>iiv, to w'rite]. A
treatise on diseases. Notencephalus {iio-ten-sef'-al tis) [loiroi',
Nosology [iios-oF-o-jc) [voffof, disease ; /'iO}Of, back; i} Kf 0fl/or, brain]. A variety of mons-
science]. The science of the classification ter in which the cranial contents are in large
of diseases. part outside the skull, resting upon the back
Nosomania {nos-o-ma^-ne-aJi) [I'ocror, dis- of the neck.
ease fiavia, man.ia].
;
I. morbid dread A Notochord [no' -tfl-kord)\_vuTov ,h&.(^ ; x^P^'U
of disease. 2. A
delusion that one is sufter- a cord]. An elongated cord of cells enclosed
ing from disease. in a structureless sheath, which in the embryo
Nosophobia (iios-p-fc'-be-aJi) \\^liaoq, disease ; represents the vertebral colunm ;
the chorda
(lio/'ior, fear]. A morbid fear of disease. dorsalis, or primitive backbone.
Nostalgia {nos-tal'-jc-ah) [I'dtrrof, return ;
Notomelus [iio-to»i'-el-ns) [cairor, back ;
(I'/yor, pain]. Homesickness. /uAo^, limb]. A

form of double monster in
Nostoc [iios'-tok) [Ger. , nosfoch, nostoc]. which the rudimentary limbs are attached to
A genus of alga; having a gelatinous nature. the back.
Nostril (iios' -tril [AS. wtij?/, nose Sr^'tV,
) , ;
Noxious -
[nok' sJnts) [npxhts, harmful].
orifice]. One of the external orifices of the Harmful poisonous or deleterious.
;
nose. Nubecula [îiii-bck' -ii-lah') [dim. of viibes, a

Nostrum {iws'-triim) \jtoslei\ ours]. A cloud]. I. The cloudiness caused by the
quack medicine a secret medicine.
; suspension of insoluble matter in the urine.
Notal Pertaining 2. A cloudiness of the cornea.
{}io'-fal) \_vutov, back].
to the back ; dorsal. Nubility (nti-bil'-it-e) S^nitbere, to marry].
Notanencephalia {no-tan-en-sef- a'
-
le-aJi) The development when mar-
state of sexual
\\(^Tn\\ back av priv. eyiaipn'Anr, brain].

; ; riage may be consummated.
Congenital absence of the dorsal part of the Nucha [iii/'-l-ah) [1-.]. The nape of the
cranium. neck.
Notch [O. Du., Jiofl-, notch]. A deeji in- Nuchal [lui'kal') \_uuiha, nape of neck].
dentation. N., Intervertebral, one of the rerlaining to the nape of the neck.
depressions on the verte!)ral pedicles, either Nuck, Canal of. See Canal.
NOSE NOSE
ikccessoRv
CARTILAGES
Front View of the Skeleton of the Nose. — (Gerrish, after Testnt.)

" " "
The upper lateral cartilage is labelled lateral cart. ;
the lower, alar cart.'
Transverse Section of the Nasal Fossje.

1. Nasal septum. 2. Anterior extremity of middle turbinated bone. 3. Middle meatus. 4. Section of
inferior turbinated bone. 5. Inferior meatus. 6. Lacrimal canal. 7. Canaliculi. S. Nasal canal.
<j. Section of reflected mucous membrane. 10. Maxillary sinus, or antrum of Highmore.
i\ uvî^r-Aii;. i\ U<îÎHJ3
Nuclear [nii'-kle-ar) [luu/cus, nucleus]. Per- the temporal lobe of the brain, between il
taining to or resembling u nucleus. N. Fig- and the apex of the middle ventricular horn.
ures, the peculiar arrangement of the mitome N. of Bechterew, an ill-defined group of
during karyokinesis. N. Layer, a stratum of gangliou-cells lying dorsad of Deiters' nu-
gray matter in the corte.x of the brain. N. cleus, and supposed to give origin to some
Paralysis, paralysis from lesions of the nu- of the fibers of the middle root of tlie audi-
clei of origin of the nerves. N. Spindle, tory nerve. It is also called the N. vesti-
delicate stride appearing in the nucleus under- bularis. N., Burdach's. See N. funiiuli
going mitosis, arranged with the apices point- cuiit-ali. N., Caudal. See N., Oculomotoi-.
ing toward the poles of the future nuclei. Its N., Caudate, the intraventricular part of tne
function probably is to guide the movements corjjus striatum. N. cinereus, a term some-
of the mitome threads. N. Stain, a pigment times used to designate the gray substance of
showing a strong affinity for nuclei. the restiform bodies. N., Cleavage-. .Syno-
Nucleated (««'-/'/6'-«-/'f(/) \_fnuL'ics, nucleus]. nym of iV!, Segmentation-. N., Daughter-.
Possessing a nucleus. See Mitosis. N. emboliformis, a small
Nuclein {jiii'-kk-in) \_mccleiis, nucleus], mass of gray matter situated in the inter-
C.aHjyNgPjOjj- An amorphous substance val between the N. dentaius and N. fas-
resembling the proteids, and forming the tigii, and lying nearer the former.N. fas-
chemic constituent of all living cells.
essential tigii, a flat expanse of gray matter on each
It is composed of Nucleinic Acid and a side of the inferior vermiform process of the
base the former seems to be the same for
;
cerebellum directly over the roof of the
all nucleins, but the base varies. Nucleins fourth ventricle. N. fimbriatus. Syno-
are generally insoluble in dilute acids and nym of Corpus dentatuvi. N. funiculi
soluble in dilute alkalies. They are sup- cuneati, a mass of gray matter of the pos-
posed to represent the germicidal constituent terior column of the medulla, lying beneath
of blood serum. the funiculus cuneatus. N. funiculi
Nucleoalbumin {nu-kle-o-al-bii'-miii) \_nu- gracilis, an elongated club-shaped mass
cleus, nucleus; albuniiii\. A compound of of gray matter in the mesal portion of
a proteid and nuclein, occurring in cell- the posterior column of the medulla. N.,
protoplasm. Germinal, the N. resulting from the union
Nucleohiston {jiu-kle-o-his' -toii) \jiuclcus, of the male and female pronuclei. N.,
nucleus; laroq, tissue]. A substance com- Gingival, a part of the cerebellum in the
posed of nuclein and histon found in the fetus (between the third and fourth months),
leukocytes of the blood. Nuclein induces which bears some resemblance to the gums.
coagulation of the blood; histon prevents it. N., Globic, N. globosus, the globulus, a
The liquid state of the blood is supposed number of small round or oval masses of
to be dependent on the integrity of the com- gray matter situated in the interval between
pound formed by these two bodies. the N. dentatus and N. fastigii, lying near
Nucleolus {nu-kle' -o-lus) [dim. of nucleus, a to, and probably an accessory detachment of
nucleus]. The small spheric body within the latter. N. gracilis, a column of gray
the cell-nucleus. Its true function has not as matter in the posterior pyramid of the med-
yet been established. ulla oblongata. N., Gray, the gray matter
Nucleopetal [mi-kle-o-pet^-al) \_nmlctis, nu- of the spinal cord. N., Intraventricular,
cleus; petere, to seek]. Seeking the nucleus the caudate nucleus. N., Kolliker's, the
(said of the movement of the male pronu- gray matter surrounding the canal of the
cleus toward the female pronucleus). spinal cord. N., Laryngeal, the nucleus o*^
Nucleoplasm (nu'-kle-o-plazm) \_iiiicletis, nu- origin of the nerve-fibers of the larynx
cleus TTAdaaav, to mold], i. The N., Lenticular, N. lentiformis, the extra-
; proto-
plasm of the nucleus. 2. Chromatin. ventricular portion of the corpus striatum,
Nucleus [iiu'-kle-us) \_nitclens, from 7iux, lying between the internal and external
I. The essential N. of Luys, an almond-shajied
nut]. part of a typic cell, capsules.
usually round in outline, and situated near mass of gray matter with jjigmented gnnglion-
the center. 2. The center around which the cells in the subthalamic region. N. magno-
mass of a crystal aggregates. 3. The central cellularis, Deiters' nucleus; a nucleus of
element in a compound, as the carbon in gray matter in the medulla oblongata, situated
hydrocarbons. 4. A collection of gray mat- mesad of the restiform column at the level of
ter in the central nervous system having a entry of the auditory nerve roots. N.,
distinct function. 5. The deep origin of a Mother-. See AlotJier-stixr, under Karyo-
nerve. N. ambiguus, N., Anterior, a kinesis. N., Motor, a collection of nerve-
collection of nerve-cells near the N. of the cells in the central nervous system giving
vagus. N. amygdalae, an irregular aggre- origin to a motor nerve. N., Oculomotor,
gation of gray matter situated at the apex of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, lying
DUEL'S SPACE rJYMPIIA
dorsad of the posterior longitudinal bundle, tica (U. S. P., B. P.) is the seed of M.
frag-
under the aqueduct of Sylvius. N., Olivary, rans, andthe source of a volatile oil (Oleum
is
a folded mass of gray matter in the myristicK, U. S. P., B. P.). The latter con-
medulla oblongata, producing a swelling on tains a stearopten, myristin, which is the
the surface, the olivary body. N. of glycerid of myristic acid, CjgHjgOj. N. is
Origin, the collection of ganglion-cells in employed as a condiment, as a corrective and
the central nervous sy>tem giving origin to mild ilavoring agent, and has also slight
a nerve. N. pyramidalis, the inner ac- narcotic properties. Dose, v-xx (0.32—
gr.
cessory olivary nucleus. N., Red. See 1.3). Oleum myristicje. Dose 2 to 3 drops
N. tegmenti. N., Restiform, the gray (0.13-0.2). Oleum myristicse expressum
matter of the restiform body. N., Seg- (B. P.) is also known as oil of mace.
mentation-, the N. that appears shortly Nutrient [nii^-tre-ent) \_mitrire, to nourish].
after the fusion of the male and female pro- I. Affording nutrition. 2. A substance that
nuclei the last step in the process of fertiliza-
;
nourishes a food.
;
tion it is
;
so called because within it cleav- Nutriment {)m'- tri/n -
eiit) \iiutri}e, to
age is first established. N., Spermatic. nourish]. Anything that nourishes.
Synonym of the male pronucleus.' N., Still- Nutrition {nu trish' 201)
- -
{tiutrire, to
ing's. Svnonym of N. tegriieiiti. N., Sub- nourish]. The process by which tissue is
ependymal, the internal nucleus of the eighth buiU up and waste repaired.
or auditory nerve, lying just beneath the epen- Nux vomica (>mksvom'-ik-ah') [L. pestilen- ,
dyma of the fourth ventricle. N. Tegmen- , tial or vomiting nut]. The seed of Strych-
tal, N. tegmenti, red N. a mass of re-
; nos Nux vomica, an Indian tree of the order
ticular substance in the tegmentum of the Loganiaceae. It contains several alkaloids,
crus cerebri, to the inner side of the sub- the most important being strychnin and bru-
stantia nigra. N., Vesicular, a rather large cin ((/.•?'.), which are united with a peculiar
cell-nucleus, the membrane of which stains acid called igasuric acid. In small doses it is
deeply, while the central portion remains a bitter tonic, stimulating gastric digestion ; it
relatively pale. N. vestibularis. See N. raises blood-pressure by stimulating the heart
of Bechtereiti. N., Vitelline, a nucleus re- and the vasomotor center, and stimulates the
sulting from the fusion of the male and female respiratory center, and the motor centers of the
pronuclei within th.e vitellus. N., West- spinal cord. In overdoses it produces tetanic
phal's, the N. of origin of a part of the convulsions, and risus sardonicus the reflex ;
trochlear fibers it is situated

; posteriorly to excitability is enormously increased, and the
the trochlear nucleus proper. N., White, slightest stimulus serves to bring on a convul-
the white substance of the dentate body of sion. Death usually occurs from asphyxia
the olive. (cramp-asphyxia), more rarely from exhaus-
Nuel's Space. A
triangular space between tion. Nux vomica, or strychnin, is employed
the outer hair-cells and the outer rods of in dyspepsia, in convalescence from acute
Corti of the internal ear. diseases, in acute infectious diseases, in
Nullipara [mil-ip'-ar-ali) \_nicllits, none; pa- shock, iu poisoning i)y chloroform and opium,
7-ere, to bring forth]. A woman wlio has in emphysema, phthisis, and other condi-
never borne a child. tions as.sociated with dyspnea, in chronic
Nulliparity {nid-ip-ar'-if-e) \_niilliis, none ; bronchitis, in constipation, in atony of the
pare re, to bring forth]. The condition of bladder, in lead-palsy, and in amaurosis
being nulliparous. from tobacco or alcohol. Dose of nux vom-
Nulliparous (mil-ip'-ar-iis) [iiiilliis, none ;
ica gr. j-v (0.065-0.32). Extractum nucis
pt-irerc, to bring forth]. Having never borne vomica. Dose gr. '^-jij' (o.oi-o. 016). Ex-
children. tractum nucis vomicce fluidum. Dose TTL j-v
Nummular {imin'-ii-la)-) \_niimniHs, coin]. (0.055-0.32). Tinctura nucis vomicre. Dose
Resembling a coin in form, as N. sputum; rrL v-xxx (0.32-2.0).
resembling rouleaux, or rolls of coin. Nyctalopia [nik-tal-o' -pc-aJi) night \yv^, ;
Nurse's Contracture. Tetany occurring in ii\\\ the eye]. I. the condi-

Night-vision ;
nursing women. tion in which the sight is better by night or

Nutation [lui-fn'-shim) \_}nif(ire, to nod]. in semidarkness than by daylight. It is a
Nodding or oscillation. N. of Sacrum, a symptom of central scotoma, the more dilated

partial rotation of the sacrum on its transverse pupil at night allowing a better illumination
axis, whereby the distance between the upper of the peripheral portions of the retina. 2.
extremity or the lower extremity and the According to the usage of some writers, this
anterior pelvic wall is increased. term designates night-blindnessi See Henier-
Nutmeg [AS., hnutu, nut; Pers., viusk, alof'ia.
musk]. The seed of various species of Nympha [iiini'-fah) [r(''//0a, nymph]. A
Myristica, of the order Myristicacere. Myris- labium minus orthe vulva.
NYMPHOMANIA OBSTETRICIAN
Nymphomania {iiiin-fa-ma' -iw-ah') [I'l'y/^;;,
of the eyeballs. It may be congenital or
nymph; /ifu'/a, madness]. Excessive sexual dependent on intracranial disease, especially

desire on the part of a woman. meningitis, on multiple sclerosis, etc. N.,
Nymphomaniac [nim-fo-ma' -tte-ak) \_vv/t<p//, Lateral, oscillation of the eyes in the hori-
nynii)h ; //rtiva, madness]. One affected with zontal meridian. N., Rotatory, an oscil-
nymphomania. latory, partial rolling of the eyeball around the
Nystagmus (^ni-stag^-inns) [yvaraêiv, to visual axis. N., Vertical, oscillatory move-
nod in sleep]. An oscillatory movement ment in the vertical meridian.
o
O. The symbol Oxygen of
ociihis, eye ;
of ; Obesity (o-bes'-it-e) \_obesitas,
from ; obedere,
of odarius, a pint. to eat]. An excessive development of fat
O. D. Abbreviation for oculiis dexter, right throughout the body corpulence ; poly-
;
eye. sarcia.
Oak \dk^ [AS., ac, oak]. A genus of trees, Obex {o'-beks) [L. a barrier].
, band of A
Quercus, of the order Cupulifera?. The bark white nervous matter at the point of the cala-
of Quercus alba (U. S. P., Quercus cortex and mus scriptorius.
of Quercus robur, B. P.) and other species, Obfu scat ion {ob-fus-ka' -shwi) \ôb,
in front
contains a peculiar tannic acid known as of; fuse us, dusky]. The act of darkening
quercitannic acid, and a bitter principle, or clouding, as O. of the cornea.
quercin, and is used as an astringent tonic, Object-glass {ob'-jekt-glas). See Objective
especially in the form of the oak-bath. It has (3d definition).
also been employed in leukorrhea, hemor- Objective \ob, against ; jacere,
(ob-jek'-iiv^
rhoids, and
])rolapse of the rectum. O.-bark to throw]. Pertaining to an object or to
I.
(Quercus alba, U. S. P. Quercus cortex, B. ;

that which is contemplated or perceived as
P.) is an astringent tonic containing tannic distinguished from that which contemplates
acid, and is mostly employed in washes and or perceives. 2. Pertaining to those rela-
decoctions for external use. tions and conditions of the body perceived
Oakum [o'-kutn) [AS. , «r//w/'rt, tow]. A by another, as O. signs of disease. 3. The
material made by picking old rope into pieces. lens of a microscope nearest the object.
It has been used as a dressing for wounds, Obligate [ob' -ligdt) [obiigare, to bind].
and in the form of pads to absorb lochial Constrained, bound. O. Aerobic, of a micro-
discharges. organism, one that can only live as an aerobe.
Oat [bt) [AS., atas, oats]. A cereal plant, O. Anaerobic, of a microorganism, one that
Avena sativa, or other species of Avena, can only live as an anaerobe. O. Parasite,
and its seed. O.-meal, the meal made a parasite that can only live as a parasite.
from oats. It is used in the form of a
gruel, Oblique [ob-lek' or ob-lik') \obliquus, slant-
r as a food, as a demulcent and laxative, and ing]. Slanting.
as an emollient poultice. Obliquity [ob-lik' -7i>it-e) \_obliquus, slanting].
Ob- [L.]. A prefix signifying on, against, The state of being oblique.
in front of, or toward. Obliteration (ob-lit-er-a'-shun) \obliterare, to
Obdormition [ob-dor-mish'-mi) \_obdormitio ; etlace, from ob, over; litera, a letter]. Re-
obdorniire, to fall asleep]. Numbness of a moval of a part ; extirpation ; complete clo-
part due to interference with nervous func- sure of a lumen.
the state of a part when " "
tion ; it is
asleep. Obsession [ob-sesh' -iin^ \ph, over; sedere,
Obduction (ob-diik'-shnii) [<>/', against ;
dti- to sit]. Possession by evil spirits.
cere, to lead]. A necropsy. Obsolescence [ob-so-les'-ens) \_obsolescere, to
O'Beirne's Tube. A long, flexible tube used grow old]. The state of becoming old or
in making rectal injections.
going out of use.
Obelion [o-bc'-le-oi] \_ii.icA6c, a spit]. See Obstetric [ob-.stet'-ri/;) [ôb.dare.
to stand be-
L 'ranioinctric Points. Pertaining to the practice of obstet-
fore].
Obermaier, Spirillum of. A spirillum found rics.
in the blood in relapsing fever. See Bac- Obstetrician [ob-stet-rish'-au') to
\_obstare,
teria, Table of. stand before]. One who practices obstetrics.
OBSTETRICS ODONTIASIS
Obstetrics {ob-stet'-riks) \_obstare, to stand Occipitoparietal [ok sip
- - it -0
-par- i'-et-al')
before]. The branch of medicine that deals \_ociipiit ; paries, Pertaining to the
wall].
with the care of women in pregnancy, labor, occipital and
parietal bones, or to the occipital
and the puerperium. and parietal lobes of the brain.
Obstipation {ob-stip-a^ -sJnni) [obstipare, to Occipitoposterior [ok-sip-it-o-pos-te' -re-oi-')
close tightly]. Constipation. \oLiipitt ; posterior^ Having the occiput
Obstruction {ob-ilritk'-shH>t) \ob, over directed backward, as the (J. position of
against; j/;7/£';r, to
build], i. The state of the fetus in utero.
being stopped or blocked up. 2. The act Occipitotemporal [ok-sip-it-o
- tern'- por -
al)
of stopping up. 3. An impediment or ob- \_occipHt ; /"^w/zw, temple]. Pertaining to
stacle. the occipital and temporal bones.
Obstructive {ob-stntk'-tiv) \ob, over against ; Occiput [('/', against ;
{ok'-sip-iit) caput, the
.f/;'«i?/r, to build]. I. Stopping or blocking
head]. The back
part of the head.
up. 2. Due to an obstruction, as O. jaundice. Occlusion [ok-lid-zluai) \_ob, against ; clau-
Obtund (ob-tund^) \ôb, against, upon ;
tun- dere, to shut], i. A
closing or shutting up.
d:i-e, to beat]. To blunt or dull ; to lessen, 2.The state of being closed or shut. 3.
as to O. sensibility. The absorption by a metal of gas in large
Obturator {ôb'-tu-7-a-tor) stop \_obiii7-are, to quantities, as of hydrogen by platinum.
up]. I. Closing an
opening. 2. That Occlusive {ok-lu' -ziv) [tî^, against ; claudere,
which closes an opening.
3. Pertaining to to shut]. Closing or shutting up ;
as an oc-
the obturator membrane, muscles, etc. O. clusive surgical dressing.
Foramen, a foramen in the anterior part of Occupation-disease. One caused by the oc-
the OS innoniinatum. See Foramina, Table cupation of the patient. The most common
of. O. Membrane, the membrane closing variety, the Occupation-neurosis, is afunc-
the obturator foramen. O. Muscle. See tional disturbance of the part used in carry-
Muscles, Table of. O. Nerve, "it^ Nerves, ing on a certain occupation, as, e.g., writer's
Table of. cramp, telegrapher's cramp, etc.
Occipital [ok-sip^-ii-al) [ôcLiput']. Pertain- Ochlesis {ok-le'-sis) [ov/of, crowd]. Any

ing to or in relation with the occiput. O. disease due to over-crowding.
Artery. See Arteries, Table of O. Lobe. Octan (ok' -tan) \_octo, eight]. Returning
See Lobe. O. Nerve. See N'ei-ves, Table every eighth day, as an octan fever.
of. O. Protuberance, the prominence on Octarius [ok-ta' -re-us) \octo, eight]. An
the inner surface (internal) or on the outer eighth part of a gallon ;
a pint. Sym-
surface (external) of the occipital bone. O. bol O.
Triangle. See Triangles, Table of. Octavipara {pk-tav-ip' -ar-ah). See Multi-
Occipito- [ok- sip' -it- 0-) \occiput, occiput]. para.
A prefix denoting connection with or relation Ocular [ok'-u-lar) \ôluIus, the eye]. I.
to the occipital bone or the occiput. Pertaining to or in relation with the eye. 2.
Occipitoanterior {ôk sip -it-o- an-te'-re-or)

-
The lens of a microscope that is turned
\occiput ; anterior^. Having the occiput toward the eye. O., Compensating, one
directed toward the front, as the O. position that compensates for axial aberrations of the
of the fetus in utero. objective.
Occipitoatloid [ok-sip-it-o-at'-loid) \occiput ; Oculist [ok'-u-list). Synonym of Ophthal-
atlas ; eWof form] , Pertaining to the occip-
.
fnologist.
ital bone and the atlas. Oculo- [ok'-u-lo-) \ociilns, eye]. prefix A
Occipitoaxoid [ok-sip-it-o-aks'-oid) [occiput ; signifying pertaining to the eye.
axis; fldof, form]. Pertaining to the occip- Oculomotor [ok-u-lo-mo' -tor) \oculus. eye ;
bone and the axis.

ital nioz'ere, to move]. I.
Pertaining to the
Occipitobregmatic [ok-sip-it-o-breg-mat'-ik) movement of the eye, as the oculomoto;
\_occiput ; bregiiia'\. Pertaining to the oc- nerve. 2. Pertaining to the oculomotor
ciput and the bregma. nerve, as the oculomotor nucleus.
Occipitofrontal [ok-sip-it-o-fron' -tal) \oc- Oculus [ok' n-lus) [L.]. An eye.
cipiit :
frons, forehead]. Pertaining to the Oculozygomatic (oktt lo-zi-go-inat'-ik) [ocu-
occiiuit and forehead, or to the O. muscle lus,eye zygoma^.
; Pertaining to the eye
(Occipitofrontalis). and the zygoma. See Jadelot s Lines.
Occipitomastoid {ok-sip-it-o-mas' -toid) \^pc- Odontagra {o-don-ta' -grah) \hiWvq, tooth ;
cipict ; jiaaroi;, nipple ; fWof form].
,
Pertain- a] pa, seizure]. Toothache, especially a
ing to the occipital bone and the mastoid form due to gout.
process. Odontalgia {o-don-taF-je-ah) [orfoi'C, tooth;
Occipitomental [ok-sip-it-o-tnen'-tal') \ôc- a/; Of, pain]. Toothache.
ciptit; mentiini, the chin]. Pertaining to Odontiasis (p-don-ti' -as-is) \o6ovq, tooth].
the occiput and the chin. Dentition ; the cutting of teeth.
ODONTITIS OIL
Odontitis {o-don-li'-tis) [oilorc, tooth ; itlq, sicist]. The unit of electric resistance. The
inllaiiiination]. Inflammation of the teeth. ohm adopted as a standard varies the Brit- ;
Odonto- (o-t/c>i!''-/o-) \_()ih)vc, tooth].

A pre- ish Association O. is the resistance of a col-
fix signifying pertaining to a tooth. umn of mercury i square millimeter in sec-
Odontoblast \o-doii' -toblast ) [o(5o('f, tooth; tion and 1.04931S meters long. The legal
j-i/.aaTor, germ]. One of the cells covering O. is similar to the B. A. O., except that the
the dental papilla and forming the dentine. colunm of mercury is 1. 06 meters in length.
Odontogeny [o-Jon-toj' -en-e") \h&o'\:q, tooth ; The international O.
adopted 1893, is the
yti'i'dv, to beget]. The origin and develop- resistance of a column of mercury 1.063 cen-
ment of teeth. timeters long and weighing 14.4521 grams.
Odontography {o- don- tog'- 7-a-fe) [oJorf, Oidium [o-iit'-e-n/n) [dim. of ifj/ir, egg]. A
tooth yprnptiv, to write].
;
f lie descriptive genus of parasitic fungi. O. albicans, the
anatomy of the teeth. thrush- fungus.
Odontoid {ô-don'-toid) \b6o'vq, tooth; elSoi;, 0\koid. {oi'-koid) [oJ/cor, house; eldof, like].
like]. Resembling a tooth. O. Ligament. The stroma of red corpuscles.
.See Ligament. O. Process, the dentate Oil \_oleiim, from tkaiuv, oil]. A liquid of
process of the second cervical vertebra. animal or vegetal, sometimes of mineral,
Odontolith {o-don' -to-lith) \h&Q'vq, tooth ; origin, having a peculiar feel, and not mis-
'kido^, a stone]. The calcareous accretion cible with water. Animal and Vegetal
on the teeth, popularly known as tartar. Oils are either volatile or fixed. Oil of
Odontology {o-don-tol'-o-je) \h&ovq, tooth ;
Amber. See Succinum. O. of Cade, an
.
'.\6yoq. science]. The branch of knowledge oil from the wood of Juniperus
derived
dealing with the anatomy and diseases of the communis, and used in the treatment of
teeth. diseases of the skin. O., Camphorated,
Odontoma [o-don-to'-tnak) [6(5oi0r,
tooth ;
a solution of camphor in olive-oil. O.
6//«, tumor]. A
turuor arising in connection of Caraway, a volatile oil from the fruit of
with the teeth and presenting a tooth-like Caruni carui. It is a carminative and flavor-
structure. ing agent. Dose tr^ j-v (0.065-0.32). See

Odontonecrosis {o-don-to-7iek-ro' -sis) \h5ovq, Carum. 0.,Carron-, an application to burns,
tooth; i^tTcpof, corpse]. Necrosis or decay consisting of equal or nearly equal parts of
of the tissues of the teeth. linseed oil and lime-water. It is named after
Odontopathy {o don top'- ath - e) \h&ovq,
- -
the Carron iron-works in Scotland, where it
tooth; -(iWor, suffering]. Any disease of the was first emjiloyed. O., Essential, a vola-
teeth. tile oil, so called because it contains the es-
Odontorthosia [o-don-tor-lho'-ze-ah) \biovr, sence or active principle of a plant. O.,
tooth; opdog, straight]. The operation of Ethereal, heavy oil of wine. See Oleum
straightening irregularly growing teeth. athereum. O., Fatty, fatty oils are salt-
Odontotherapy (o-don-to-lher'-ap-c) \h6ohq, like bodies, composed of characteristic acids
tooth; Wt/ja-f/a, treatment]. The treatment (oleic, palmitic, and stearic), known as fatty
of diseases of the teeth. acids, and a base. In most cases the base is
Odoriferous {o dor-if'-er-us) \_odor, odor; glyceryl, the radicle of the triatomic alcohol,
fi-'rre, to carry]. Fragrant. glycerol so that the oils are said to be glycerids
,
O'Dwyer's Tubes [o-dwi'-erz) \^0' Diuyer, an of the several fatty acids. See O., Fixed.
American physician]. Tubes used for intu- O., Fixed, one not volatilizing on the a]iplica-
bation of the larynx. tion of heat. Fixed oils are also called fatty
-odyne, -odynia [o-din,-o-din' -e-aJi) \h&\)vri, oils, because they in part constitute the ani-
pain]. A suffix denoting pain. mal and vegetable fats. Some are liquid, as
CEdema, CEdematous (e-de'-mah, e-dem'- olive-oil, cotton-seed oil, linseed-oil, castor-
a/-m). See Edema, Edematous. oil, etc., others are solid, as tallow and
Oese [Ger. ]. An instrument consisting of a beeswax, which chemically belong to the
platinum-wire affixed to a glass handle group of oils. See O., Fatty. O., Heavy
and employed in bacteriologic investigation. (ôf wine'), the product obtained when
CEsophagism (e-sof'-aj-izm'). See Esophag- alcohol is treated with an excess of sulphuric
ismiis. acid. See Oleum (Vthereiim. O., Mineral,
CEsophagus {e-sof'-a;^--7ts). See Esop/iagus. petroleum and certain of its derivatives.
Official {off-ish'-at) [ô/Jieium ,A\\\y, service]. O. of Neroli, an essential oil from tl.e
Of medicines, sanctioned by the recognized flowers of bitter orange, used as a p^Mfume.
authority, /. e., the Pharmacopeia. O., Rock-, petroleum.
O., Straits-, tlie
Officinal [of-is'-in-al) \_oJJiciita, a workshop]. first obtained by the exposure of the
oil
For sale in the shops kept on sale in apothe-
; livers of cod-fish to the sun in casks, on
caries' sho]is. board the shi]is. O., Sweet. .See Olii'e.
Ohm {oin) [Ur. G. S. Ohm, a German phy- O., Volatile, O., Essential, one which is
OINOMANIA OLIGOZOOSPERMIA
volatile at ordinary temperatures. Volatile and several polymeric forms of ethylene.
oils are odoriferous, and are generally ob- O. fixum, a fixed oil. See Oil.
tained by distillation. Olfactometer [ol-fak-timi'-et-ei-) [olfacere, to
Oinomania {oi-no-t>ia' -ne-ah) [olror,
wine ; smell; /xirpoii, measure]. An instrument
âv'ia,madness] I. A form of insanity char-
. for determining the power of smell.
acterized by an irresistible craving for, and Olfactory [ol-fak'-to-re) \olfacere, to smell].
consequent indulgence in, drink. 2. Deli- Pertaining to the sense of smell. O. Bulb.
rium tremens. See Bulb. O. Cells, the cells of the nasal
Ointment [oint'-ment) \jmgiientiim'\. A fossce forming the peripheral end-organs of
fatty material of the consistence of butter, the olfactory nerve. O. Center, the cere-
sub- bral center for the sense of smell, supposed
generally impregnated with a medicinal
stance, and used for application to the skin. to be in the hippocampal gyrus. O. Groove.
O., Maury's, one composed of one dram of See O. Sulcits. O. Lobe, the olfactory tuber-
mercury nitrate and half a dram each of cle, olfactory tract, and olfactory bulb con-
opium and rhubarb to an ounce of sidered together. O. Nerve. -See Nerves,

powdered
simple ointment. It is used as an applica- Table of. O. Region, the area of distribution
tion to ulcers. of the olfactory nerve in the upper part of the
Oleate (p'-le-at) \_o!eiwi, oil].
I. A salt of nose. O. Sulcus, the furrow for the olfactory
oleic acid. 2. A mixture of oleic acid with tract and Imlb on thecribriform plate of the eth-
certain medicinal principles. moid bone, and on the orbital surface of the
Olecranon [o-lek' -ran-on) \i)/xvTi,
elbow ;• cerebral hemispheres. O. Tract, the central
Kfjafiov, skull]. The large concave process portion of the olfactory lobe terminating
at the upper extremity of the ulna. anteriorly in the olfactory bulb and poste-
defiant Gas [o-lef'-e-ant) \oleum, oi\ -yfacere, riorly in the olfactory tubercle. O. Vesicle,
to See Ethylene. a part budded off from the cerebral vesicle
make].
Olefin {o'-lef-in) \_oleiim, o\\;/acere, to make]. and forming the olfactory lobe.
Olefiant gas also any one of a series of un-
;
Olibanum [Ar.
{o-lib'-an-nm') al-luban, ,
saturated hydrocarbons having the formula frankincense]. Frankincense, a gum-resin

produced by various species of Boswellia. It
Oleic Acid [o-le'-iky See Acid. has been used as a substitute for the balsams
Olein [o'-le-in] \_olenm, oil], Cj-Hj^Ôg. of Peru and tolu, as an inhalation in laryn-
A neutral fat, glyceryl trioleate, occurring in geal and bronchial inflammations, for fumi-
olive oil, butter, and other animal and vege- gation, and in plasters.
table fats. It is a colorless oil with a faint Oligaemia {ol-ig-e'-vie-ah'). See Oligemia.
sweetish taste, insoluble in water, readily Oligemia {ol-ig-e' -nie-aK) [6?./yof, few; al/m,
soluble in alcohol and ether. blood]. A state in which the total quantity
Oleo- {o'-le-o-) prefix to
[oletcni, oil].
A of the blood is diminished.
denote connection with or relation to an oil. Oligo- [ol'-ig-o-) [o/i/yof, few]. A prefix
Oleobalsamic Mixture [o-le-o-hal-sam' -ik). signifying want or deficiency.
Mistura oleobalsamica. A mixture of the Oligochromemia -
ig-o-kro i>ie'-7iie aJi)
{ol
- -
oils of lavender,thyme, lemon, mace, orange- \_u/.i}'oc, few; color; a'lua, lilood].
;t'pw«a,
flowers, cloves, and cinnamon, with balsam Deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood.
of Peru and alcohol. It is used as a nervine. Oligocythemia (ol-ig-o-si-t/ie^-me-a/i) [uAiyng,
Oleocreosote {o-le-o-cre'-o-sot) \oleiim, oil ; few; Kirnr, cell; a5«a, blood]. A deficiency
creosote\ A yellowish neutral liquid com- of red corpuscles in the blood.
posed of creosote, 33 percent., and oleic Oligohydramnios (ol -ig - o - hy- dram' -
ne-os)
acid. It is used in bronchial and pulmonary [o//} or, few ; iiJwp, water ;
the am-afiviuv,
diseases. Dose n\,x-xv (0.65-I.0). nion]. A deficiency in the quantity of the
Olecmargarin (o-le-o-tnar' -gar-in) \oleum, amniotic fluid.
oil ;fidpyafMg, the pearl-oyster] An ar- .

Oligomania {ol-ig-o-ma'-ne-ah') [6?i./}0f, few;
tificial butter made by removing the excess of fiavia, madness]. Insanity in which only a
stearin from tallow or suet. few of the mental faculties are deranged.
Oleoresin {o-le-o-}-ez'-iti) \oIeu7n^ oil ; resina, Oligoplasmia {ol-ig-o-plaz' -me-aJi) [ oTiyoq,
resin]. A
substance consisting chiefly of scanty; ^'/aaanv, to mold]. A deficient
a mixture of an essential oil and a resin ex- amount of plasma in the blood.
tracted from plants with ether. 01ig.ospermia {ôl-ig-o-sper'-ftie ak) [oliyoc,
Oleum {o'-le-iim) [L.]. See Oil. O. aeth- few ;a-kpfia, seed]. A deficiency in the
ereum, a volatile, yellowish liquid consisting secretion of semen.
of equal volumes of heavy oil of wine and Oligozoospermia [ol-ig-o-zo-o-sper' -tne-ah)
ether. Heavy oil of wine is produced when [6/./; or, C'jor, animal
few; nrripun, seed]. ;
alcohol and sulphuric acid are distilled, and Deficiency of the spermatozoa in the sper-
is a mixture of ethyl sulphate, ethyl sulphite, matic fluid.
OLIGURIA ONCOMETER
Oliguria (ol-ig-u^-re-a/i) [ô'Aiyor, scanty ; denoting connection with or relation to the
urina, urine]. A diminution in the quantity scapula or shoulder.
of urine excreted. Omodynia (o-tno-din'-eali) [w/zor, shoulder ;
Oligydria [ol-ig-id'-rcj-ah) scanty;

[oX/yof, wVivi/, pain]. Pain in the shoulder.
itîui;, sweat]. A deficiency in the sweat. Omohyoid (o-nio-ki'-oid) [w/yoi;, shoulder;
Olivary [oF-iv-a-re) [oiivd, olive]. Resem- votaî/r, like the Greek letter upsilon]. Per-
bling an olive in shape. O. Body, an oval taining conjointly to scapula and the
the
mass of gray matter situated behind the ante- hyoid bone. O. Muscle. See Muscles,
rior pyramid of the medulla. O. Fascicu- TiibL' of.
lus. See FiUet, Olivary. O. Nucleus, the Om-p\\a.\\c {i III -fill'- ik) [o/ziia/oc, navel]. I'er-
I
corpus dentatum or central gray matter of the taining to the umbilicus. O. Duct, the vitel-
olivary body. O. Peduncle, the mass of line duct the duct connecting the umi)ilical
;
fibers entering the hilus of the olivary body. vesicle with the fetal intestines during the
O. Process. See Process. first three months of intrauterine life.
Olive (<'/'- w) [c/k'(7, olive], i. The olive-tree, Omphalitis {ômfali'-tis) [6//ffla/.of, navel ;
Oliva europcea, of the natural order Oleacete, /r/f, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
and its fruit. The tixed oil expressed from navel.
the fruit is the Oleum olivK of the U. S. P. Omphalo- [om-fal'-o-) [<)//</>a/iOr, navel]. A
and B. P. It consists chiefly of olein and pal- prefix denoting relation to the umbilicus.
mitin, and is used as a food and condiment ; Omphalocele [oiii-fal'-o-sel) [o^(/)aAdf, navel ;
in medicine as a laxative in the treatment

; Kif/i], tumor]. Umbilical hernia.
of gall-stones as an anthelmintic
;
as an ; Omphalomesaraic, Omphalomesenteric
emollient external application to wounds, [oiii-fal-o-iiu'z-ar-a' -ik, oiii-fil-o-iiwz-en-ter'-
burns, etc.; and as an ingredient of liniments, ik) i6,u(âAdt', navel mesentery'^. ;Pertaining
ointments, and plasters. 2. The olivary conjointly to the umbilicus and the mesen-
body. tery. O. Arteries. See Arteries, 7 able of .
-oma [-o^-viah) [6/m]. A termination de- O. Duct, a duct connecting the intestinal
noting a tumor. canal of the embryo witli the umbilical vesi-
Omagra [otn' -a-graJi) [(j,uof, shoulder; aypa, cle.
seizure]. Gout in the shoulder. Omphalopagus {oinfal-op'-ag-7is) \hiiâK6q,

Omalgia {o-niaU -je-ah) ['V"?* shoulder ;
navel ; Tr?jyubvai, to make fast]. A double
a'Aynr, pain]. Pain in the shoulder. monster united at the umbilicus.
Omarthritis {oniar-tkri'-tis) [(i/iof, shoul- Omphalophlebitis [omfal-o-fieb-i' -lis) \^b/i<l>a-
der; af)Hpov,]on\\.\ tTi^, inflammation]. In- navel; '/i/ii/'. vein; ir/f, inflammation].
'A6c,
flammation of the shoulder-joint. Inflammation of the umbilical vein.
Omental (o-men'-tal) \j)inenturn the caul]. , Omphalorrhagia {oni-fal-or-a' fc-ali) \hfiiâ-
Pertaining to the omentum. O. Hernia. /tir, navel ; p//yvvvai, to burst forth]. Hem-
See Epiplocck. orrhage from the umbilicus.
Omentum (ô-men' -tnni) [L.]. A fold of the Omphalos [oiii'-fi/-os)[_bii(paMg,na.ve\'\.
The
peritoneum connecting the abdominal viscera uml)ilicus.
with the stomach. O., Gastrocolic, O., Omphalosite {oin-fal'-o-s~if) [6//0a/dr, navel ;
Great, a fold of peritoneum attached to the airog, nourishment]. A single monster,

greater curvature of the stomach above and which, lacking the heart, receives its blood-
after dipping down over the intestines re- supply through the umbilical vessels, and is,
turning to enclose the transverse colon. Be- therefore, incapable of extrauterine existence.
tween the ascending and descending folds is Omphalotomy (onifal-ot'-o-me) [ofKba'Aog,
the cavity of the great omentum. O., Gas- navel rofi//,
;
a cutting]. The cutting of the
trohepatic, O., Lesser, a double fold of umbilical cord.
peritoneum passing from the lesser curvature Onanism (o'-mrn-izin') [from Onan, the son
of the stomach to the transverse fissure of the of Judah]. I. Incomplete coitus. 2. Mas-
liver. On the left side it includes the esopha- turbation.
gus on the right its edges are free and in-
; Oncograph [ong'-ko-graf) [ojvaif, swelling ;
close all the structures issuing from or enter- ypd(j)£iv, to

record]. An instrument register-
ing the transverse fissure of the liver the :
ing the changes of volume of an organ placed
hepatic vessels and nerves, and the bile-duct. in an oncometer.
Behind it is the foramen of Winslow. O., Oncology {o)ig-l:ol'-o-jc')\_6yKo^, tumor ;
/6yf>c,
Gastrosplenic, the fold of peritoneum pass- science]. The branch of surgery and pa-
ing from the stomach to the spleen. thology relating to tumors.
Omnivorous {oui-niv'-o-rus^ \_oinnis, all; Oncometer [ong-koin' -et-er^ \h)Ko(i, mass;
vorare, to devour] Subsisting on all kinds
.
jitrpov,measure]. An instrument for meas-
of food. uring variations in the volume of an organ,
Omo- {o'-mo-) [w//of, shoulder].
A prefix especially of the kidney or spleen.
ONCOTOMV OPERATION
Oncotomy [ong-kof -o-nie) [oj/cof , tumor ; Oophoritis [o-off-or-i'-tis) [oWr, egg; (p^peiv,
~oni],a cutting]. The operation of incising a to bear ; ir<f, inflammation]. Intlammation
tumor or other swelling. of the ovary.
Onion [tin' -yiin') [L. uiiio, an onion]. The , Oophoromania {o-off-oi'-o-ma'-ncah) \^v,
Allium cepa and its bulb. The latter con- egg; ipi-pen', to bear; fiavla, mania]. In-
tains an oil resembling oil of garlic, and sanity due to ovarian disorder.
consisting largely of allyl sulphid (^'3115)28. Oophorrhapy {o-off-or'-a-fe) [wo'', egg; ,
The onion is diuretic, expectorant, and rube- ipEpetv, tobear; pa^^, suture]. The opera-
facient, and is at times used in dropsy, tion of suturing an ovary to the pelvic wall.
bronchitis, etc. locally, as an emollient
; Oosperm {o'-o-s/ierfn) [i^v, egg; ciztpfta,
poultice. seed]. The cell formed by union of the
Ontogenesis, Ontogeny
(on-to-jen'-es-is, ovum and the spermatozoon.
oii-toj'-en-e) [wi', bv-oq, existing ; yevvav, to GY>s^c\\.y [opas'-it-e) \_opacus, du\V\. I. The
beget]. The development of the individual condition of being impervious to light. 2. An

organism. See also Phytogeny. opaque spot, as opacity of the cornea or lens.
Onychatrophia {on-ik-at-ro'-fe-ah') [omf, Opaline {0' -pal-e)i) \h~aA'fAoq, an opal].
nail; a priv. ; rpoi^rj, nourishment]. Atrophy Having the appearance of an opal. O.
of the nails. Patch, the mucous patch of syphilis, form-
Onychauxis [on
-
ik -
awks'- is) [oii'f ,
the mouth, a whitish pellicle.
ing, in the
nail ; av^?/, increase]. Hypertrophy of the Open [AS., open\ Exposed to the air, as
nail. an open wound interrujited, as an open cir-
;
Onychia, Onychitis iyon-ik'-e-ah, on-ik-i'- cuit, one that is interrupted so that the
tis) [oi'i'i^, nail]. Inflammation of the matrix electric current cannot pass.
of the nail. O. maligna. A form occurring Operation ipp-er-a'-shun) \operatio, from
in debilitated persons, and characterized by operari, to labor, to do]. I. Anything done
an unhealthy ulcer in the matrix of the nail, or perfoimed, especially anything done with
the latterbecoming discolored and thrown off. instruments a surgical procedure.
;
2. The
O. simplex, O. without much ulceration, mode of action of anything. O., Capital,
with loss of the nail and its replacement by a one involving a risk of life. O., High. i.
new one. Suprapubic lithotomy. 2. The application
Onychogryposis (on-ik-o-gri-po' -sis) [ori'f, of the forcejis to the fetal head at the superior
nail; ypi'TTucng, curvature]. thickened, A strait. O., Indian, for rhinoplasty a flap ;
ridged, and curved condition of the nail. is taken from the forehead, with its pedicle
Onychomycosis [on-ik-o-nii-ko' -sis) \ovvS., at the root of the nose hollow plugs are
;
nail ; [J-VKTjq, fungus]. A disease of the inserted into the nostrils, and the flap is
nails due to parasitic fungi, as the trichophy- secured. O., Italian, for rhinoplasty; the
ton, achorion, etc. skin is taken from the arm over the biceps ;
Onychophagy [on-ik-off' -aj-e) \hvvi., nail ; the flap is cut on three sides, and after the
(fiaynv, to eat]. The practice of biting the skin has shrunk it is fitted to the fresh mar-
nails. gins of the defect, the arm being bandaged
Onychosis {on-ik-o'-sis) \bvv^, nail]. Any in position for at least eight days. O., Major,
disease of the nails. an important and serious operation. O.,
Oxxyx. (on' -iks) [oirf nail]. I. nail of the,
A Minor, a comparatively trivial operation. O.,
fingers or toes. 2. A collection of pus be- Plastic, one for the puqôse of restoring a lost
tween the corneal lamellre at the most de- part or repairing a deformity. O., Radical,
pendent part. one removing the cause of the disease or the
Onyxitis [on-iks-i'-tis'). Onychia. diseased part itself. O., Surgical, one per-
Ooblast [0' -o-blast) [tjoi', an egg (i?-acT6c, a ; formed by the surgeon by means of the hands
germ]. A cell of the germinal epithelium or instruments. O., Tagliacotian. See 6>. ,
giving rise to an ovum. TagliacozzV s, or O. Italian. An eponymic
,
Oophorectomy (o-off-or-ek' -to-7ne) [woe, egg ; table of the more important operations is ap-
to bear
(jiipeiv, ; ekto/j.t/, excision]. Excision pended; for a more extended list see Gould's
of the ovary. Illustrated Dictionary of Medicine.
EPONYMIC TABLE OF SURGICAL OPERATIONS.

Abbe's, lateral anastomosis of the intestines tery to diminish the blood-supply to the brain.
with catgut rings. Adams', osteotomy for 2. For prolapse and retroflexion of the uterus:
ankylosis of the hip-joint, the neck of the shortening of the round ligaments for the pur-
femur being divided subcutaneously within pose of holding the uterus in its normal posi-
the capsule. Alexander's: i. For the re- tion. Allingham's (H.), for inguinal col-
lief of epilepsy :
ligation of the vertebral ar- Otomy the incision is made parallel with the
:
OPERATIONS OPERATIONS
outer third of Poupart's ligament, and about pylorectomy a parietal incision is made in
:
one-half inch above. Amussat's, lumbar almost a transverse direction the divided ;
colotomy a transverse incision is made, cross-

: walls of the stomach and bowel are brought
ing the outer border of the quadratus lum- together and united by sutures on the side of
borum muscle. Ariel's I. For aneurysm: : the greater curvature of the stomach. Bras-
ligation on the cardiac side close to the aneu- dor's, for aneurysm :
ligation innnediately
rysm. 2. For stricture of the lacrimal duct :
beyond the aneurysm. Bryant's, lumbar
dilatation by means of a gold probe, followed colotomy : an oblique incision is made mid-
by the injection of an astringent fluid into the way between the last rib and the iliac crest.
sac. Annandale's i. For dislocated carti-
: The bowel is fixed in position and opened.
lages incision into the knee-joint and stitch-
: Carnochan's l. For elephantiasis: liga-
:
ing of the dislocated cartilages into their tion of the main artery of the limb. 2. Re-
pro[)er position. 2. For genu valgum :
par- moval of the second division of the fifth
tial excision of both condyles of the femur. nerve, together with the sphenopalatine
Antyllus', for aneurysm it consists in liga- :
ganglion as far back as the foramen rotundum,
tion above and below the sac, followed by for the relief of neuralgia. Cheyne's, for
opening of the aneurysm and evacuation of the radical cure of femoral hernia after re- :
its contents. Appolito's, enterorrhaphy ducing the hernia, a flap of the pectineus
by means of a form of right-angle continuous muscle is raised and made to cover the her-
suture. Arlt- Jaesche's, for distichiasis : nial oiifice. Chopart's, a method of ampu-
the edge of the lid and the contained ciliary tation through the foot the bony structure is :
bulbs are dissected from the tarsus, acrescen- divided at the articulation between the as-
tic-shaped piece of skin is removed from the tragalus and the calcaneum behind, and the
lid above the flap, and the edges of the scaphoid and cuboid bones anteriorly.
wound are
united, thus transplanting the Cock's, a method of external urethrotomy :
ciliary bulbs further away from the edge of the urethra is opened behind the stricture
the lids. Ball's: i. Iliac colotomy, in which without a guide, the knife being carried into
the incision is made in the left linea semilu- the median line of the perineum and the in-
naris, and the bowel secured above and below cision extended vertically so far as is neces-
the future artificial opening by means of two sary. Cooper's, for ligature of the external
special clamps, which are removed after iliac artery an incision four or five inches
:
suturing and opening of the bowel. 2. For long is made parallel with Poupart's ligament,
inguinal hernia: the sac is separated up to and nearly an inch above it, commencing
the abdominal portion of the neck, and then just outside the center of the ligament and
twisted around its own axis, after which the extending outward and upward beyond the
fundus is cut away and the stump is secured anterior superior iliac spine. Cripps', iliac
in the ring. Barker's: i. For excision of the colotomy an imaginary line from the anterior
:
astragalus the incision runs from just above

:
superior iliac spine to the umbilicus is crossed
the tip of the external malleolus forward and at right angles, 1)4 inches from the superior
a little inward, curving toward the dorsum of spine, by an incision 2j4 inches long. The
the foot. 2, For excision of the hip: by an bowel is fixed in position and opened.
anterior incision, commencing on the front Czerny's, for the radical cure of inguinal
of the thigh, one-half inch below the anterior hernia the sac is exposed and isolated
: the ;
superior ihac sjiine, and running downward neck is tied with a strong catgut-ligature,
and inward for three inches. Barwell's, and cut off below this point the stump ;
osteotomy for genu valgum division of : is pushed into the abdominal cavity the ;
the lower end and upper end of the til)ia borders of the opening are freshened and
above and below their respective epiphyses. united by continuous catgut-sutures. Dallas',
Bassini's, for the radical cure of inguinal for the radical cure of inguinal and femoral
hernia the sac is exposed, twisted, and the
: hernia after a transverse incision through the
:
neck ligated and removed the spermatic ; integument a special instrument is introduced
cord is lifted, and the border of the rectus is to produce abrasion of the hernial canal ;
stitched to the edge of the internal oblique, the instrument is then withdrawn, and the ex-
the transversalis muscle, and the transversalis ternal wound sealed with iodoform-collodion,
fascia to Poupart's ligament under the cord. and a compress applied. The canal is obliter-
The cord placed upon this layer and the
is ated l)y the resulting inllammatory action.
border of the external oblique is stitched to Diefenbach's, for amputation at the hip-
Poupart's ligament over the cord. Battey's, joint: an elastic ligature is applied around
also called normal ovariotomy a removal : the limb, a circular incision is made down to
of the ovaries for the purpose of inducing the bone, the vessels are secured and the
the menopause. Beer's, for cataract ex- :
ligature removed a knife is inserted two in-
;
traction by the flap-method. Billroth's, ches above the greater trochanter and the in-
cision is carried down the outer aspect of the inguinal hernia the same as Bassini's opera-
:
bone to meet the circular incision ; the joint tion. Hancock's, for amputation through the
is then disarticulated. Dittel's, for enlarged foot: a modification of Pirogoflf's operation,
enucleation of the lateral lobes of
:
in which the sawn surface of the os calcis is
prostate
the prostate by an external incision. Dud- brought in contact with the transverse sec-
ley's, for retroversion of the uterus the : tion of the astragalus. Heath's, for fixity
abdomen is
opened, and a strip denuded
is of the lower jaw division of the ascending:
from the anterior surface of the uterus, and ramus beneath the masseter with a saw mtro-
likewise a strip along the inner side of each duced through the mouth by means of a
round ligament, followed by suturing of the small incision above the last molar tooth.
three together. Duplay's: i. For epispadias: Hey's i. For amputation through the
:
the urethra is formed at the expense of the foot the same as Lisfranc's operation, exce]it
:
that the internal cuneiform bone is sawn

corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa in-
stead of by flaps. 2. For hypospadias it is per- :
through in a line with the articulation of the
formed in three stages (i) straightening of
: second metatarsal bone instead of being dis-
the penis and the formation of a meatus (2) ;
articulated. 2. For amputation of the leg :
the formation of a canal from the meatus to the amputation is made in the mitldle of the
the hypospadiac opening (3) junction of the ; leg by a long posterior flap, cut by transfix-
old and new canals. Dupuytren's, for am- ion, and a slightly shorter anterior one.
putation at the shoulder-joint two

rounded : Holmes', for excision of the os calcis: an
the outer and inner as- incision is made from the inner edge of the
flaps are taken from
pects of the arm the outer flap
;
is made tendo Achillis along the upper border of the
first by transfixion from behind at a point two OS calcis and the outer border of the foot to
inches below the acromion the bone is ;
the calcaneocuboid joint, and this is joined by
then disarticulated and a short inner flap cut another incision running across the sole, the
from within outward. Emmet's, for lacer- perineal tendons being divided. Huguier's,
ated perineum the crest of the rectocele and
:
a method of performing colotomy the right :
the two lower caruncles are drawn together lumbar operation. Hunter's, for aneurysm :
of the artery on the cardiac side

by tenacula, and the tissue thus folded ligation
together is denuded as far into the sulci
of the aneurysm at some distance from
as the folds extend. V-shaped stitches are it.
Jordan's: i. For amputation at the hip-
the soft parts are divided down to the
passed from the center toward the circum-
:
joint
ference in the sulci, and the perineum is bone by the circular method, as low down
closed by two or three superficial sutures. as possible, and the femur is shelled out by
Esmarch's l. For amputation at the hip-
: a longitudinal incision along the outer side
are divided of the thigh. For amputation at the
joint the soft parts of the thigh
:
2.
to the bone by a single sweep of the knife shoulder-joint the soft parts are divided down
:
five inches below the tip of the trochanter ;

to the bone by the circular method, three or
the bone is then sawn across and a second four inches below the axilla, and the humerus
incision is made to join the first from a point is shelled out by a longitudinal incision along
two inches above the trochanter, when the the outer and posterior aspect of the limb,
bone is shelled out. 2. For ankylosis of the meeting the circular incision at right angles.
lower jaw an incision about two inches
: Knapp's, for cataract-extraction a broad :
long is made along the lower border of the iridectomy and peripheral opening of the cap-
jaw, and a wedge-shaped piece of bone is
sule ; the lens is expelled by gentle pressure
removed from the horizontal portion. Est- on the lower part of the cornea. Kocher's :
lander's, for empyema: resection of several I. For excision of the ankle-joint: the inci-
ribs for the escape of the pus and to allow the sion is made beneath the external malleolus,
chest-wall to come in contact with the lung. and is followed by division of the peroneal
Gant's, for ankylosis of the hip-joint divi- : tendons after being secured with threads, and
sion of the shaft of the femur just below the opening of the joint with removal of the dis-
lesser trochanter. Von
Graefe's, for cat- eased parts the foot is replaced and the ten-
;
aract extraction of the cataract through a

:
dons sutured. 2. For excision of the thyroid
scleral incision, with iridectomy and gland an incision is made in the median
:
laceration of the capsule. Gritti's, for line from the sternal notch to the upper
limit of the bronchocele from this point two
amputation above the knee-joint: the patella ;
lateral incisions are made upward and outward

is preserved in a long anterior flap, and, hav-
ing had a thin slice removed from its deep sur-
below the angle of the jaw.
to a point a little
face, is secured in apposition with the femur, Kocher's method of reducing subcoracoid dis-
the latter having been deprived of its articu- location of the humerus The patient is :
lar surface by being sawn through the con- placed upon the back and anesthetized if
dyles. Halsted's, for the radical cure of necessary. The surgeon grasps the elljow of
the dislocated arm witli his opposite liand, ami in the bladder. McBurney's, for the radi-
with the other hand seizes the patient's wrist ;
cal cure of inguinal hernia: after exposing
the elbow is brought to the side the forearm ;
the sac the anterior wall of the canal is in-
is next flexed to a right angle with the arm cised and the sac ligated and excised at the
and then carried outward to a right angle internal ring the skin is inverted and
;
with the patient's body by the surgeon's stitched to the ligamentous and tendinous
hand grasping the wrist while in this posi- ; structures, the wound healing by granulation.
tion the elbow is raised by the hand grasp- McDowell's, oophorectomy. McGill's,
ing it and carried upward and inward across prostatectomy by a suprapubic incision, as
the patient's chest, the olecranon being kept in suprapubic lithotomy. Mikulicz's, a
close to the chest-wall until firm resistance is tarsectomy ;
the same as lVladiiiiiroff"'s
met the arm is thenipiickly rotated upward
; operation. Muller's : I. For Cesarean sec-
and the patient's hand placed upon his oppo- tion :modification of Porro's operation,
a
site shoulder. Kraske's, for carcinoma of whereljy the whole uterus is turned out of
the rectum resection of the coccyx and of a
: the abdomen before it is opened. 2. For
portion of the sacrum to give access to the vaginal hysterectomy the uterus is div- :
rectum high up. Laborde's Method of arti- ided into halves longitudinally one part is ;
ficial respiration rhythmic traction of the

:
brought down at a lime, and tlie broad liga-
tongue to stimulate the superior laryngeal ment is ligated in sections. Nelaton's,
nerve. Lannelongue's, for craniotomy : for amputation through the foot subastrag- :
[a) the vertex of the skull is exposed by aloid by dorsal and plantar
disarticulation
means of a single incision in its long axis flaps, larger on the inner than on the outer
and a narrow strip of parietal bone is reside. Panas': i. For proctot(^)my linear :
moved close to the sagittal suture (li)

the ; proctotomy. 2. For ptosis: the tarsal por-
bones of the skull are so cut as to produce tion of the lid is raised by sutures and the
osseous flaps of various shapes. Larrey's, occipitofrontalis muscle is caused to assume,
for amputation at the shoulder-joint an in- : to a great extent, the function of the levator
cision is made from the acromion to a point palpebra;. Phelps,' for club foot: a direct
23^ inches Ijelow, from which point anterior open iricision is made through the inner and
and posterior spiral incisions are carried down plantar surfaces of the foot. Pirogoff 's :
the arm, meeting on the inner aspect; after I. For amputation through the foot a par- :
disarticulation of the bone the flap is brought tial osteoplastic operation in which the os
up and secured in the space made by the gap- calcis is sawn through obliquely from above
ing of the first incision. Lisfranc's, for downward and forward, and the posterior
amputation through the foot disarticulation :
portion is brought up and secured against the
through the tarsometatarsal joints. Littre's, surface made by sawing off the lower ends of
inguinal colotomy it is performed on the : the tibia and fibula. Pollock's, for amputa-
left side for opening of the sigmoid flexure tion of the knee-joint it is done by a
; long:
an incision from i "4 to 3 inches long is made anterior and a short posterior skin-flap, some-
parallel with the outer part of Poujiart's liga- what rectangular in outline, the patella being
ment, and about j4 inch above it. Loreta's : left. Porro's, for puerperal hysterectomy :
I. For aneurysm: the insertion of a small Cesarean section, followed by removal of the
wire into the sac, and the use of electrolysis uterus at the cervical junction, together n-ith
as well. 2. For stenosis of the orifices of the ovaries and oviducts. Porro-Miiller's,
the stomach digital or instrumental divul-
: for otherwise impossible labor a modification :
sion of the pyloric or cardiac orifice, following of the Porro-operation in which the uterus is
gastrotomy. Macewen's I. For aneurysm a : :
brought out of the abdomen before extracting
long pin with a tapering point is passed into the fetus. Porro-"Veit's, for otherwise im-
the aneurysm and the point is made to touch possible labor a modification of the Porro-
:
the opposite wall of the sac the point is then ; operation the stump is ligated and dropped.
:
moved over the inner surface of the aneurysm Pratt's, the practice of orificial surgery,
for ten minutes, for the purpose of causing based on the belief that many chronic dis-
irritation. 2. For the radical cure of inguinal eases are due to morbid conditions of the ori-
hernia the sac is dissected out and separated
: fices of the body, particularly the anus and
from its connections, and then so drawn up- the urogenital canal. The operation consists
ward by means of a suture as to form a pad in the dilatation of either or both of these ori-
upon the inner surface of the circumference fices and the removal of any irritating condi-
of the ring the ring and canal are then
; tion that may be present. Ramsden's, for
closed by means of sutures. 3. Osteotomy ligation of the third part of the subclavian
for genu valgum supracondyloid division
:
artery a transverse incision three inches in
:
of the femur from the inner side. Marian's, length is made across the base of the poste-
the old median perineal operation for stone rior triangle of the neck, about one- half inch
33
above the clavicle. Reverdin's, for skin- away the projecting part. Syme's: I. For
grafting : a point of skin is raised on amputation at the ankle-joint: a
single plan
an ordinary sewing needle, shaved and tar flap is made, from which the os calcis is
off with a scalpel or scissors the graft is ;
dissected out, after disarticulation has been
then transferred to the fresh surface accomplished the malleoli and lower end of
;
next to the healthy granulations. Rob- the tibia are then removed. 2. For external
erts', deflected
for nasal septum a :
urethrotomy the stricture is divided through
:
linear incision is made with a bistoury along the perineum upon a grooved director. Tag-
a prominent line of the deflection, so as to liacozzi's, for rhinoplasty the forming of a
:
enable it to be pressed into its proper position, new nose from a flap from the arm secured
after which a long steel pin is thrust into the in place, and left attached to the arm until
septum in such a manner as to maintain this union has occurred. Tait's, for lacerated
position. Rose's, fur the relief of neuralgia jêrineum : the flap-splitting o[)eration the ;
of the fifth nerve removal of the Gasserian

:
rectovaginal septum is split transversely and
ganglion. Saemisch's, for hypopyon-ulcer : from the extremities of this incision two lat-
the cornea is transfixed and the
intervening eral incisions are made, running
up toward
tissue, including the base of the ulcer, is the lower terminus of each nympha and down
divided by cutting outward. Sanger's, a to a little above the anal orifice; these two
method of performing Cesarean section a :
flaps are dissected up; the upper one is drawn
modification of the usual operation in which toward the urethra, the lower one down to-
the uterus is brought out through a long ab- ward the anus sutures are passed laterally
;
dominal incision before extraction of the and the edges are brought together. Teale's :
fetus. Scarpa's, for ligation of the femoral I. For amputation of the arm the long flap
:
it is done at the middle of

artery :
Scarpa's is
placed upon the anteroexternal aspect of
triangle. Schmalz's, for stricture of the the arm ; the brachial artery and the median
lacrimal duct the introduction of a thread
: and ulnar nerves are divided with the poste-
through the sac, and as far into the duct as rior flap. 2. For amputation of the leg a ;
possible. Schiicking's, for prolapse of the rectangular flap-operation, in which a long

uterus: vaginal hysteropexia by means of a anterior and a short posterior flap are made,
special needle, the thread being passed each consisting of both integument and mus-
through the uterine cavity, out at tlie fundus, cle ; the length of the anterior flap is
equal
and through the anterior vaginal vault the ;
to half the circumference of the limb, and the
two ends are together and allowed to
tied posterior flap is one-quarter of the length.
slough out. Sedillot's I. A method of :
Thiersch's, for skin-grafting the graft is :
performing amputations the combination of : made by a to and -fro motion with a razor,
the flap and circular methods the superficial ; shaving oft" as long and as broad a section of
flaps are formed from within outward, and the upjjer layers of the skin as is desired.
the deep muscles are divided circularly. 2. Thomas's, laparoelytrotomy removal of :
For amputation at the ankle-joint this : the fetus through incisions in the abdominal
method resembles Syme's operation, except wall and in the vagina, without opening the
that the flap is made from the inner and peritoneum or wounding the uterus. Van
plantar surfaces of the foot and ankle. 3. Buren's, for prolapsus ani a linear cauter-
:
For amputation of the leg it is done at the : ization of the nuicosa with the Paquelin-cau-
"
"place of election by a large external flap tery. Verneuil's, an iliac colotomy a :
cut by transfixion. 4. For amputation of nearly vertical incision is made, and a knuckle
the thigh it is done by a single long anterior
: of gut is transfixed and kept in place by two
flap, the structures at the back of the limb needles which lie on the parietes; the ex-
being divided to the bone by one transverse posed bowel is then stitched to the margins
incision. Senn's, for intestinal anastomosis: of the parietal wound and the protruding
the diseased tissue is excised and the ends knuckle is excised. Wardrop's, for aneur-
of the bowel entirely and permanently closed, ysm ligation of a main branch of the artery
:
the continuity of the canal being restored by distal to the aneurysm, leaving a circulation,
means of " intestinal anastomosis by lateral however, through another branch. White's,
approximation" without the use of bone- for hypertrophy of the prostate removal of :
plates. Sigault's, for otherwise impossible the testicles. Whitehead's : i. Pôr ex-
labor: symphysiotomy. Simon's, for excision of hemorrhoids removal of a circular
:
ploration of the rectum and adjacent parts :

strip of mucous membrane around the anus,
it consists in introducing the hand or the including the tumors. 2. For excision of
hand and arm of the operator into the the tongue : removal through the mouth,
bowel. Smith's, for hemorrhoids crush- :
using only scissors. Wilde's, for mastoid
ing by means of a clamp, and a])plying the or cerebral abscess the bone is exposed from
:
Paquelin-cautery to the stump after cutting the base to the apex of the mastoid process.
OPERATIVE OPHTHALMOPLEGIA
y^ inch behind the auricle, and if necessary clitis secondary to injury or disease of the fel-
tliebone is opened with a drill, gouge, or low-eye.
trephine. Winiwarter's, cholecystenter- Ophthalmic {off-thai' -viik) [oipftnAuor, eye].
ostomy it is performed in two stages; in to the eye. O. Artery. See
:
Pertaining
the the gall-bladder is united to tiie
first Arh'ries, Table of. O. Ganglion, the
upper portion of the jejunum and the parts, ciliary ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of.
are fixed to the parietal peritoneum in the ; O. Nerve See Aêrves, Table of.
second, after about five days, the bowel is Ophthalmitis [off - thai mi' - lis) [oipOahjor,
incised and a communication is established eye; ltk;, inflammation]. Inflammation of
between the latter and the gall-bladder. the eye.
Wladimiroff 's, a form of tarsectomy the :
Ophthalmoblennorrhea ( off- thai- mo - hlen -
astragalus, os calcis, and the soft parts cover- or-e'-a) \_li(ptJa'Afx6( , eye; (3?.(:wa, mucus].
ing them, are removed ; the articular surfaces Blennorrhea of the conjunctiva.
of the tibia, fibula, cuboid, and scaphoid Ophthalmocele. See Exophlhalimis.
bones are sawn oft and the foot brought into Ophthalmocopia [off- thai- mo - ko' -/,• ah) -
a straight line with the leg. Wiitzer's, for eye; kottoc, fatigue].
[_6(!>0a'A/i6(;, Fatigue of
the radical cure of inguinal hernia: plugging visual power asthenopia. ;
of the hernial canal by an invagination of the Ophthalmodonesis [off- thai- 7110 -done' -sis)
scrotum, and its retention by a special instru- eye
[_di})l)n'Aii6r, 66v7/ai(;, a trembling].
;
A
ment, thus exciting adhesive inflammation in voluntary tremulous or oscillatory movement
the neck of the sac. Wyeth's, for amputa- of the eye.
tion at tiie hip-joint; the bloodless method: Ophthalmodynia (off- thai- mo - din'- e ah) -
two steel mattress-needles are inserted in the [o(pda'kii6(: , eye ; 66vvt/, pain]. Neuralgic
tissues and rubber tubing is passed several pain in the eye.
times around the limb above the needles. Ophthalmologist [off
- thai - mol' -
o -
Jist)
Operative {op'-er-a-tiv') \_operari, to lal;or]. \_a(l>6aA/.i6(;, eye; Xoyog, science]. One versed
I. Able to act effective. 2. Pertaining to
;
in ophthalmology.
operations. Ophthalmology [off-thal-mol'-o-j'e) [^bipduljioc,
Operculum 'yO-per' -ku-lum) [L.]. lid i. A eye; Aoyo^, science]. The science of the
or cover, as O. ilei, the ileocecal valve. 2. anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye.
The convolutions covering the island of Ophthalmomalacia [of- thai mo mal a'-
- - -
Reil. se-ah) \_o(pOa?./u6c, eye; fia/oKia, softness].

Ophryon (off'-re-oii) \h^p'vq, eyebrow]. In Abnormal softness or subnormal tension of
craniometry, the middle of a line drawn across the eye.
the forehead at the level of the upper margin Ophthalmometer (off- thai- mom' ef-er)
-
of the orbits. eye; /xcTpov, measure].

\_6(})f)a/i/t6r,
I. An
[off thaF- me ah) \_!)fp6alij6^y instrument for measuring the capacity of the
- -
Ophthalmia
eye]. Inflammation of the eye, especially chambers of the eye. 2. An instrument for
one in which the conjunctiva is involved. measuring refractive errors, especially astig-
O., Catarrhal, simple conjunctivitis; a hy- matism. 3. An instrument for measuring
peremia of the conjunctiva, with a mucopuru- the eye as a whole.
lent secretion. O., Caterpillar-, inflamma- Ophthalmometry [off-thai-mom' -et-re) [6</)-
tion of the conjunctiva or of the cornea, the eye
(ia?>fj6(;, fiErpnv, measure].
; The deter-
result of penetration of the tissues by the hairs mination of refractive errors by means of the
of caterpillars. O., Egyptian. See Tra- ophthalmometer.
chotna. O., Gonorrheal, an acute and Ophthalmopathy [off-thai-mop' -a-the) [6^-
severe form of purulent conjunctivitis, caused daljio^, eye ; Tvdihq, disease]. Any disease of
by infection from urethral discharges con- the eye.
'
taining the gonococcus of Neisser. O., Ophthalmophthisis [off-thal-moff -this-is).
Granular. See Trachoma. O. neona- See Phthisis biilbi.
torum, a gonorrheal or purulent ophthalmia Ophthalmoplegia [off-thal-mo-plc'-je-ah)\h<^.>-
of the new-born, the eyes having been in- eye TrA^y;), stroke]. Paralysis of the
6'a/l//df , ;
fected by the mother's vaginal discharges. ocular muscles. O. externa, paralysis of the
O., Neuroparalytic, disease of the eye from e-xternal ocular muscles. O. interna, paral-
lesion of the Gasserian ganglion or of branches ysis of the internal muscles of the eye, those
of the fifth nerve supplying the eyeball. O., of the iris and ciliary body. O., Nu-
Phlyctenular, conjunctivitis characterized by clear, due to a lesion of the nuclei of origin
phlyctenules or small vesicles situated in the of the motor nerves of the eyeball. O., Par-
epithelial layer of the conjunctiva or cornea. tial, a form in which only some of the mus-
O., Purulent, conjunctivitis with a purulent cles are paralyzed. O., Progressive, a
discharge. O., Sympathetic, a severe form in wliich all oi the muscles of both eyes
destructive inflammation, a form of mdocy- gradually become paralyzetl. O., Total,
OPHTHALMOPLEGIC OPIUM
that form involving the iris and ciliary mus- behind ; going].
iropeta, Involuntary back-
cle as well as the external muscles of the ward-walking an attempt to go forward.
in
eyeball. Opisthotonus '{o -pis-thot'-on-us) SJji^ta&ev,

Ophthalmoplegic [cff-tJial-iiio-ple' -jik) [6^- behind; 7oiof, tone]. A
condition in which
eye
fc/a/'./iOf ,tt/./;)//, stroke].
; Pertaining to from a tetanic spasm of the muscles of the
ophthalmoplegia. back the head and lower limbs are bent
Ophthalmoscope {off thai'
- - mo - shop') [6^- backward, and the body arched forward.
OaAfioi;, eye ; OKOTvelv, to see]. An instrument Opium {o'-pe-u»i) [oTr/or, from oTcoq, juice].
for examining the interior of the eye. It The inspissated juice obtained by incising the
consists essentially of a mirror with a hole in unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum,
it, through
which the observer looks, the of the order Papaveracea?, occurring in com-
concavity of the eye being illuminated by merce in the for.ni of brownish cakes having
light reflected from the mirror into the eye a narcotic odor and a bitter taste. O. con-
and seen by means of the rays reflected from tains a large number of alkaloids, of which
the eye-ground back through the hole in the morphin is the most important since it repre-
mirror. The ophthalmoscope is fitted with sents the chief properties of the drug. Other
lenses of diffêrent powers that may be re- alkaloids are narcotin, C.,.^H.,.:,NO-, codein,
volved in front of the observing eye, and CjgHjjNOj, thebain or paramorphin, CjgHjj-
these neutralize the ametropia of either the N()3, papaverin, C2oH.2,NO^, narcein, CjjH^j-
patient's or the observer's eye, thus render- NO9, pseudomorphin, CgjHjgNjOg, lauda-
ing the details of the fundus oculi clear. nin, CjqHjjNO^. These bases occur in O.
Ophthalmoscopic {off-thalvio-skop' -ik) [6^- combined with meconic and thebolactic
(hu/juc, eye ; aaondv, to see]. Pertaining acids. Moist O. should contain not less
to the ophthalmoscope or its use. than seven per cent, of crystallized morphin
Ophthalmoscopy (off-thal-moi' -kope) \h^- (U. S. P.) O. acts as a narcotic, producing
dakfioi;,eye oKonelv, to see].
;
The ex- deep sleep, which, however, is often preceded
amination of the interior of the eye by means by a stage of mental excitement and exhilara-
of the ophthalmoscope. O., Direct, the tion on awakening there may be headache,
;
method of the erect or upright image, the ob- nausea, or vomiting. It slows the pulse and
server's eye and the ophthalmoscope being increases its force, and raises
blood-pressure ;
brought close to the eye of the patient. O., small doses do not depress the respiration,
Indirect, the method of the inverted image ;
large doses do so in a marked degree. O.
the observer's eye is placed about l6 inches checks the motor activity of the stomach and
from that of the patient and a 20 D. bicon- intestines, and lessens all secretions excejit
vex lens is held about two inches in front of that of the skin ; it produces contraction of
the observed eye, thereby forming an aerial the pupil. When taken in poisonous doses
inverted image of the fundus. it causes unconquerable drowsiness,
passing
Ophthalmostat {off-thai' -mo-stat) [ôiltOaTifioc , into deep sleep, with slow, full respiration,
eye; lardvai, to cause to stand]. An instru- slow pulse, contracted pupils later cyanosi-<
;
ment used in fixing the eye in any position develops, the respiration becomes exceed-
during an operation on it. ingly slow, and the pulse rapid and feeble ;
Ophthalmostatometer {off- thai - mo -

stat -
death takes place from failure of the respira-
om'-eter) [_b(j>0a?i/.i6c eye; lardvai, to cause
,
tion. See Poisons, Table of. There is a
to stand ; //erpoi', measure]. An instrument chronic form of O. -poisoning produced by
for determining the position of the eyes. the haliitual use of O. or morphin, and char-
Ophthalmotonometer {off-thal-mo-ton-om'- acterized by mental depression, a deteriora-
et-er) \_b(p6a'A/ii6g, eye Tovog, tone
; fierpov, ;
tion of the moral sense, and attacks of diar-
measure]. An instrument for measuring in- rhea. O. is used for the relief of pain of all
traocular tension. forms except that due to cerebral inflamma-
Ophthalmotrope {off-thal'-mo-trop) [b(p6aX- tion ; in insomnia in inflammation of serous
;
ôf eye
, rpoTof, a turn].
;
An instrument membranes in spasmodic conditions
;
in ;
used for the demonstration of the direction and acute colds cough, retention of urine, vom-
;
the position that the eye takes under the influ- iting, diarrhea, certain forms of dyspnea,
ence of each of its muscles, and the position particulary that from heart-disease and ;
of the false image in the case of paralysis of locally as an application to sprains and in-
a given muscle. flamed surfaces. Dose
Opiate {o'-pe-Hi) [orrwr, poppy-juice]. A Preparations
gr.
and Doses.
j
— Acetum
(0.065).
preparation of opiuhi. ), vinegar of opium, black drop

opii (U. S. P. ;
Opiophagism, Opiophagy {o-pe-off'-aj-ism, IT^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). Confectio opii (B. P.),

o-pe-off'-aj-e) \h-Lov, opium; (payeiv, to eat]. n\^v-xx (0.32-1.3). Emplastrum opii (U. S.
Opium-eating. P., B. P.). Enema opii (B. P.). Extrac-
Opisthoporia {o-pis-tho-po-ri' -ah) \h7TiciQEV, him ogii (U.
S. P., B. P.), gr. ^-Yz (0.016-
OPIUMISM ORCHI-
0.032). Extractum opii liiiuidum (R. P.), Neuritis. See O. Papilla, the
Papillilis.
M^v-xx (o.32-t.3). Opii pulvis, gr. ^-j circular formed by the ojilic
prominence
(0.016-0.065). Opium deodoratum (U. S. P.), nerve after its entrance into the eyeball. O.
gr. j (0.065). (U. S. P.), each
Piluhi; opii Radiations, a large bundle of nerve-fiber."5
containing gr. j (0.065). Piluia saponis com- joining the optic thalamus and the occipital
posita (I). P.), contains about 20 per cent, of lobe of the cerebrum. O. Thalamus. See
opium. Pulvis ipecacuanha et opii, Dover's Thalaiiiits. O. Tract. -See Tract. O.
powder, contains ten per cent, each of o[)ium Vesicle, a diverticulum from each side of
and ipecac. Pulvis opii compositus {!>. P.), the primary anterior vesicle of the embryo,
contains ten per cent, of opium. Tinctura forming the basis of the future eye.
ipecacuanha et opii (U. S. P.), IT^v-xv Optical {op' -tik-al) \hn-LK6q, pertaining to
(0.32-1.0) ;
Tinctura opii, laudanum (U. S. sight, from the base 0--, to see]. Pertain-
P., P.. P.), n^v-xv (0.32-1.0). Tinctura opii ing to sight.
ammoniata (B. P.), ITLxxx-f^:^] (2.0-4.0). Optician (op-tish'-iiii) [o-n/cdr, from the base
Tinctura opii camphorata (U. S. P.), (Tinctura OTV-, to see]. A maker of optical instruments.
camphorce composita, B. P.), paregoric, f^j- Opticociliary {op-tik-o-sil' -e-a-re) [oTrn/cdf,
iv
(4.0-16.0). Tinctura opii deodorati (U. S. pertaining to vision, from the base ore-, to
P.), Tr^v-xv (0.32-1.0). Trochisci glycyr- see ciliary'\
; Pertaining to the optic and
.
rhiza; et opii (U. S. P., B. P.), each contain- the ciliary nerves.
ing 0.005 gf'T-in of opium. Vinum opii (U. Opticopupillary {op-tik-opu' pil-a-re) \ot;-
S. P., B. P.), Sydenham's laudanum, tT^v- TLKoq, pertaining to vision, from the base ok-,
XV (0.32-1.0). See also Afor/>/ii>i. to- see ; pup///a>y'\. Pertaining to the optic
Opiumism (o'-pe-um-izi>i) \_opiiiiii\. The nerve and the pupil.
condition produced by the action of opium Optics [op' tiks) [oKTiKoq, from the base on-,
on the system. to see]. The science treating of light and
Opobalsamum {ô-po-bmvl-sani' -urn) [o-7rof, vision.
juice; jSaAaafiov, balsam]. A

resin from Optogram [op'- to
-
gram) [oKT6q, visible ;
Balsamodendron opobalsamum, and Bal- ypucpeiv, to write]. A faint image stamped

samodendron gileadense. See Balm of on the retina for a brief period after death,
Gilead. believed to be that of the last object seen
Opocephalus {o-po-sef'-al-us) [tji/', eye Kf0- ;
before death.
aki}, head]. A
monster characterized by Optometer {op-toni'-et-er) \hKT6(;, visible ;
fusion of the ears, one orbit, and absence of fûrpov, An

instrument for deter-
measure].
mouth and nose. mining the strength of vision, especially the
Opodeldoc {op-o-del'-dok) [origin obscure]. degree of refractive error that is to be cor-
See under Soap. rected to render vision normal.
Opodymus [opod'-i/n-tis) [rji/', eye ;
SWiv- Optostriate {op-to-stri'-dt) [orrrdf, visible;
iKx;,twin]. A monster with a single body striatittii, striped]. Pertaining to the optic
and skull, but with two distinct faces. thalamus and the corpus striatum.
Opotherapy {op-o-ther'-ap-e) [oTrof, juice; Ora {0' rah) [L. ]. Margin. O. serrata,
tlu'rapy\ Synonym of OrganoZ/ierapy. the jagged anterior margin of the retina.
Opponens (op-o^-nenz) \_ol), against ;
ponere, Oral [o'-ral) \_os, the mouth]. Pertaining to
to place]. Opposing. A
term applied to cer- the mouth.
tain muscles that bring one part opposite an- Orange ndraiij, orange].
{or'-anj) [Pers.,
other, as Opponens minimi digiti, a muscle See Aitrantiian.
placing the little finger opposite the thumb. Orbicular [or-bik'-it-Iar) [orhicnlaris, dim.
Optic {op'-tik) \l>-rKTiK6r^, from the base, ott-, of or/'/.f, circle]. Circular. A
term applied
to see]. Pertaining to vision or to the sci- to circular muscles, as the orbicular muscle
ence of optics. O. Atrophy, atrophy of the of the eye or of the mouth (Orbicularis palpe-
optic nerve. O. Axis, the axis of the eye. brarum. Orbicularis oris).
O. Center, i. The point in the main axis of Orbicularis [or-bik-u-la' -ris). See Muscles,
the crystalline lens at which the rays of light Table of.
meet. 2. The nerve center concerned in the Orbit ior'-bil) \orbita, from orbis, circle].
visual function. O. Chiasm, O. Commis- The bony pyramidal cavity containing the
sure. See Covnnissiirc. O. Cup, the con- eye, and formed by thefrontal, sphenoid,
cave area formed by the involution of the ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, superior maxillary,
distal extremity of the primary ojitic vesicle. and palate bones.
O. Disc, the optic papilla. O. Foramen. Orbital [or'-bif-al) \_orbita, from cr/vV, cir-
See Forainiiia, lahlc of. O. Groove, the cle]. Pertaining; to the orbit.
groove on the sphenoid bone for the optic Orchi-, Orchid-, Orchio- [or'-ke- 0) kid;
chiasm. O. Lobes, the corpora quadrigcm- or'-ke-o-) [d/j^y^f, testicle]. prefix signify- A
ina O. Nerve. See A'erves, 7'ab/c of. O. \\\\i connection with or relation to the testicle.
ORCHIALGIA ORIGANUM
Orchialgia [or-ke-al'-je-ah) [6pj;f, testicle ; gans or parts. 2. An organism. 3. The
conversion into an organ, or into something
(i/.tof, pain]. Neuralgia of the testicle.
Orchichorea [or-ke-ko-re'-ah) [6p;t;/r, testicle; resembling an organ, or into living tissue.

cho7-ea\. Irregular movements of the testicle Organogenesis [oj-gan-o-jen' -es-is) \_bp-)avov,
due to contraction of the cremaster muscle. organ }fi'iYii', to beget].
;
The process of
Orchidectomy {or-kid-ek'-to-tne) [6p;iîf,
the development of an organ.
testicle; 'nKToui/, excision]. Castration. Organogenetic [or-gan-o-jcn-ef -ik) \hp-)avov,
Orchidotomy [or-kid-ot'-o-me) {opxt-i:, testi- organ ytvvav, to beget].
; Pertaining to
cle ; Toiii),
a cutting]. Incision of the testicle. organogenesis.
Orchiocele (ôr'-kc-o-sel)\bpxi(;,
testicle ; />:///.//, Organography (or-gan-og' -ra-fe) \op-)avov,
tumor]. I. A tumor of the testicle. 2. organ; jpd<f>ea', to write]. descriptive A
Scrotal hernia. treatise of the organs of an animal or plant.
Orchiotomy [ôr-ke-ot'-o-nie). Synonym of Organoid [or' -ga?i-oid ) [opyavov, organ;

Orchidotomy. t'lduc, like]. Resembling an organ.
Orchis I. A genus Organoleptic [or-gan-o-lep' tik) \(^pyavav,
((7r^-/6/j) [op j/f, testicle].
of plants furnishing salep and vanilla. 2. organ; Affecting organs,
///-r^KOf, taking].
The testicle. particularly those of special sense.
Orchitis {or-ki'-iis) [op;v'?> testicle ; iTiq, in- Organology [or-gan-ol'-o-je] [opârov, or-
flammation]. Inflammation of the testicle. gan; /.o}"?, science]. The science that
Orcin [or' -sin) \Ôrius, Pluto, from its dark treats of theorgans of plants and animals.
color], C-Hg(OH).,.
A substance found in Organotherapy [or-gano-ther' -ap-e) \op-
many lichens of the genera Roccella and }av()r, organ; Oepa-sin, treatment]. The
Lecanora. It is an antiseptic, and has been treatment of diseases by the administration
used instead of resorcin. of animal organs, or extracts prepared from
Ordeal-bark [or'-de-al-bark). See Erythro- them. The organs chiefly employed are :
phlceuvi. Ordeal-bean, Ordeal-nut. See I. The testicles (testicular extract), for
F/iysostigma.
various nervous aflections. From testicular
Orexin {o-reks'-in) [hpeîq, appetite] ,
C,^H,.,- juice a crystalline substance, spermin, has
Hydrochlorate of phenyldi-
HC1.2H.,0. been isolated and itsuse advised in nerv-
N.^.
hydroquinazolin,
—
used as a stomachic. Dose ous depression, debility, and asthma. 2.
Thyroid gland (in the form of the gland

(0.26-0.45).
gr. iv-vij
Organ (or'-gaii) [opjaror, organ]. A part of itself, glycerol-extracts, or desiccated
the
the body having a definite function to per- gland). It has been found of much
value
form. O. of Corti. See Ear. O., En- in myxedema, cretinism, various chronic
amel-, a club-shaped process of epithelium skin-diseases, in obesity, colloid goiter, and
growing from the dental ridge and forming a of questionable value in exophthalmic goiter.
cap over the dental papilla. From it the 3. Pancreas (extract
of pancreas), for dia-
enamel of the tooth is developed. O. of betes mellitus. 4. Suprarenal bodies (ex-
Giraldes, the paradidymis. O., Jacobson's. tract of suprarenal bodies), for Addison's
See Jacoison^ s Organ. O.'s of Reproduc- disease. 5. Bone-marrow, for pernicious
tion, the testicles and penis and its glands in anemia and other anemias. Other extracts
the male, the uterus and its appendages and proposed are those of brain, spinal marrow,
the vagina ami its glands, in the female. O. muscles, kidney, ovary, heart-muscle, spleen,
of Rosenmiiller. See Parovariunt. O., thymus gland, and stomach.
to swell]. In-
Segmental, a mesoblastic embryonic struc- Orgasm [or'-gaz///) [opjdt/r,
ture consisting of three parts the proneph- — tense excitement, especially that occurring
ros, the mesonephros, or Wolffian body, and during sexual intercourse.
the metanephros. Oriental {o->r-e>i'-tt!/) [on'fns,T\s\ng']. Per-
Organic (or-gan'-ik) \hp-)avov, an organ]. taining to the Orient or east. O. Boil. See
Having, pertaining to, or characterized Fi(rii>icnlus orientalis.
to rise
by organs ; pertaining to the animal and Orientation [o-ri en-ta' -shun) \_oriri,
(in the east)]. The
vegetal worlds affecting the structure of
;
act of determining one's
O. Chemistry, the chemistry of or the posi-
organs. position in space (subjective O.)
the carbon-compounds, carbon being the tion of surrounding objects with reference to
central element of comjiounds occurring in each other (objective 0.).
organized beings. O. Disease, disease of Orifice {or'-if-is) \_oriJiciiint : os, mouth ;
/a-
an organ attended with structural changes. cere., to make]. An opening.
Organism (or' - gan -
iztii) [organ]. A body Orificial {or-if-ish' -al) {orifuimii, an orifice].
consisting of an aggregation of organs having Pertaining to an orifice. O. Surgery. See
a definite function a living being.
; Pratt' s Opcj-ation, in Operations, Table of.
-
Organization {or-gati-iz-a' shiai) \hp''^nvnv, Origanum (o-rig'-ati-inii) [upiâvov, marjo-
organ]. I. The order'y arrangement of or- lam]. A
genus of plants of the order Labi-
ORIGIN OSCHEOHYDROCELE
atse. O, majorana, sweet marjoram, is used Orthophosphoric Acid [or-tho-fos-for' -ik).
as a condiment. O. vulgare, wild marjoram, See At i<l.
contains a pungent oil (e)lcum origani), con- Orthopnea [or-thop-ne' -ah) \j>pfôq, straight ;
sisting chiefly of terpene, C,nH,g. O.

is tonic, Tcvotr/,breathing]. A condition marked by
excitant, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue, and quick and labored breathing, in which the
locally anodyne. It is also employed as a patient finds relief only by maintaining an
clearing-agent in microscopy. upright position.
Origin [or'-ij-in) [cy/','''',
from o>-iri,\o arise]. Orthopneic [or-thop-ne^ -ik) [ofyddq, straight ;
The beginning or starting-point of anything. nvoiij, breathing]. Characterized by or-
O., Deep, of a nerve, its O. in the cells of thopnea.
the nerve-center. O., Superficial, of a Orthoptic {or-thop' -tik) [o/>flof, straight ;
ott-
nerve, the point at which it emerges from the Tiiiuf;, Pertaining to normal binocu-
seeing].
brain or cord. O. of a muscle, the point of lar vision. O. Training, a method of cor-
attachment of a muscle which remains re- recting the defective vision of those having
latively lixed during contraction of the muscle. strabismus or muscular insufficiency, by
Orinasal {o-re-na' -zal ) \os, mouth nasus, ; stereoscopic and other ocular exercises of
nose]. Pertaining to the mouth and the nose. a gymnastic kind.
Oropharynx {o-ro-far' inks) \_os,
mouth -
; Orthoscope [or' -tho-skop) \hpB6q, straight ;
(pai)V]i, pharj'ux]. The pharynx pro]:)er, aiwKuv, instrument for exami-

to see]. An
situated below the level of the lower border nation of the eye through a layer of water,
of the soft palate, as distinguished from the whereby the curvature, and hence the
nasophaiynx. refraction of the cornea, is neutralized and the
Orpiment {or'-piin-ent). Arsenic trisulphid. cornea acts as a plane medium.
Orrhotherapy [nr-o-tlu-r' -op-e)\h'pp6<:, serum ; Orthoscopic [or-tho-skop' -ik)\hp06q, straight;
Hrpa-vrin,therapy]. The treatment of dis- CKOauv, to see]. I. Pertaining to an ortho-
ease by the use of human or animal blood- scope or to orthoscopy. 2. Applied to lenses
serum containing antitoxins. cut from the periphery of a large lens. 3.
Orris [or'-is). See Jris, 2d definition. Having normal vision.
Ortho- [or'-tho-) [bpOoc, right, straight]. I.
Orthoscopy [or-thos'-ko-pe) \hp%c, straight ;
A prefix denoting straight, n<jrmal, or true. aico-di', to see]. The examination of the
2. In chemistry, a prefix denoting that one eye with the orthoscope.
among several compounds of the same ele- Orthotonus [or-thot' -o-niis) [tipôf, straight ;
ments which is considered the normal com- rovoq, tension]. Tetanic cramp in which
pound. Among derivatives of the benzol- the body lies rigid and straight.
ring it refers to those formed by the sub- Oryza [o-ri'-zah) [upvC.a, rice]. See Rice.
stitution of two adjacent hydiogen-atoms. Os [L. gen., oris'\.
,
The mouth. O. ex-
Orthocephalous [or-tho-sef^- al-us) \_ui)06r, ternum, the external orifice of the cervical
straight; KsipaA//, head]. Having a skull canal of the uterus opening into the vagina.
with a vertical index of from 70. 1 to 75. O. internum, the internal orifice of the
Orthodontia (or-tho-don' -she -
ah) [bpdoq, cervical canal opening into the cavity of the
straight; liihlx, tooth]. The correction of body of the uterus. O. uteri, either orifice
irregularities of the teeth. of the cervical canal of the uterus.
Orthognathous [or-thoo-^ -na-thus) [o/jfldf, Os [L. gen., ^v.t/j-]. A bone. O. calcis, the
,
straight; yvudoc, the jaw]. Straight-jawed; bone of the heel. O. capitatum. .See O.
having a gnathic angle of from 83° to 90°. magnum. O. coxae. ^^& O. innoniinattim.
Orthometer (or-thom' -et-er) \hpB6q, straight ;
O. femoris, the femur. O. hamatum, the
//fr/«)i', measure]. An instrument for meas- unciform bone. O. humeri, the humerus.
uring the relative degree of protrusion of the O. ilii, the ilium. O. innominatum, the
eyes. innominate bone. O. ischii, the ischium.
Orthopedic {ôr-tho-pc' -dik) \h\)06r, straight ; O. magnum, the third bone of the second
TraZf,child]. Pertaining to the correction of row of the carjius. O. pubis, the pubis. Ossa
deformities, especially in children. O. Sur- suturarum, Ossa triquetra, Ossa wormi-
gery, the branch of surgery devoted to the ana, the Wormian bones. O. unguis, the
correclion of deformities. lacrimal bone.
Orthopedics {or-tho-pe'-diks). See Ortho- Os. Symbol for osmium.
pedii Stti'i;i'ry. Oscedo [os-se'-do) [L.]. Yawning..
Orthopedist (or tho-pe'-dist) [o/;fl(5r, straight ; Oscheitis [os
-
ke -
i'- tis\
[offjeor, scrotum;
7ra2r,child]. One who practices orthopedic iTiq, intlammation]. Inflammation of the
surgery. scrotum .
Orthophoria [or
-
tho -
fo'
-
re -
ali) \hj)()6r, Oscheocele ios'-ke-o-sel) [6(T\-foi',
scrotum ;
straight ; <pop6f, a tending]. A tending of Kij/ri, tumor]. Scrotal hernia.

the visual lines in parallelism. Oscheohydrocele [os-ke-o-hi' -dro-s^l) [6<t-
OSCHEOPLASTY OSTEOCHONDRITIS
Xôv, scrotum ; vtî^p, water k?)/,?;, tumor]. A ;
of a chain of small bones found in the
hydrocele occupying the sac of a scrotal hernia tympanic cavity of the ear.
after the return of the bowel to the peritoneal Ossiferous {os-if'-er-us) [_os, a bone ; ferre,
cavity and the shutting off of the sac from the to bear]. Containing or producing bone-
latter. tissue.
Oscheoplasty [os'-ke-o-plas-fe) [baxfov, scro- Ossific {os-if^-ik)\_os, bone facere,

;
to make].
tum n'Aaaativ, to form]. Plastic surgery of
; Producing bone.
the scrotum. Ossification (os-if-ik-a' -shtiii) \us, a bone ;
Oscitation {os
- it - a' -
s/iiiit) [_osci(are, to facere, to make]. The formation of bone.
yawn]. The act of yawning. Ossifying {os' -if-i-ing) \os, bone facere, to ;
Osculation {os-ku-la'-shun) \osndari, to make]. Changing into bone. O. Chon-

kiss]. The union of vessels by their mouths. droma, a chondroma that is undergoing ossi-
-ose (-^2) [-(?««].
A suffix denoting a mem- fication. O. Myositis, inflammation of
ber of the carbohydrate group. muscle, attended with, or followed by, de-
-osis i^-o'-sis). A suffix signifying condition position of bone-like masses.
of, or state caused by. Ostalgia (os-tal'-je-ah) [horiov, bone; d/'i}'of,
Osmate (oz'-jndt) [(?.fw?«///]. A salt of os- ]iain]. Pain in a bone.
mic acid. Osteectomy (os-te-ek'-to-me) \harkov, bone;
Osmazome [oz^-»iaz-om)[hafX7], smell ; (ufioc;, tK-ojii], excision]. Excision of a portion of
broth]. A brownish -yellow substance de- a bone.
veloped by heat in muscular fibers, and for- Osteitis ios-te-i'-tis') [offrfor, bone ; niq, in-
merly supposed to give to cooked meats their flammation]. Inflammation of bone. O.,
pecviliar flavor. Condensing. See Osteosclerosis. O. defor-
Osmic {oz^-i/iii) [oafuj, smell]. Pertaining mans, a rare form characterized liy the
to or containing osmium. O. Acid, strictly, production of deformity. O., Gummatous,
a dibasic acid, HÔsO^ ; as generally used, a chronic form due to syphilis and character-
however, osmium tetroxid, OsO^, also called ized by the formation of gummata in the
perosmic acid. It is a crystalline substance, cancellous tissue of the epiphysis or in the
freely soluble in water, and giving oft irritant shaft of a bone, or in the periosteum. O.,
vapors ; locally, it acts as a caustic. It is Rarefying. See Osteoporosis. O., Scleros-
employed microscopy as a stain for fat and
in ing. See Osteosclerosis.
as a fixing agent. In medicine it has been Osteo- [os'-te-o-) [bareov, bone]. prefix A
used in neuralgia. signifying connection with or relation to bone.
Osmidrosis {oz-mu/-ro^-sis) [off////, smell; Osteoarthritis [os-te-o-ar-t/ni'-tis) [boTtov,
Idpuaiq, sweat]. The secretion of a malodo- bone; apOpov, joint; irir, inflammation].
rous perspiration bromidrosis. ;
An inflammation of the bones forming a
Osmium {oz' -me-uni) [oaiifj, smell]. A joint.
heavy metallic element belonging to the Osteoarthropathy {os-te-o-ar-throp'-ath-e)
platinum-group. Symbol Os, specific gravity \l)aTi:OV, bone;
apOpov, joint; Traflof, dis-
22.48, atomic weight 190. 3, quanti valence ease]. Any disease of l)ony articulations.
II, IV, VI, VIII. See Osmic Acid. O., Hypertrophic Pulmonary, a disease
Osmometer {oz-mom' -et-er) [oofirj, smell ; characterized by a bulbous enlargement of
fihpov, measure]. I. An instrument for the terminal phalanges of the fingers and
testing the sense of smell. 2. An apparatus toes, a thickening of the articular ends of the
for measuring osmosis. bones, and a peculiar curvation of the nails.
Osmosis impulse]. The
(oz-i)io'-sis) [(JCT//df, The condition is usually associated with
passage of liquids and substances in solution disease of the lungs or pleura, hence the
through porous septa. See Eudosmosis and name osteoarthopathie pneiiiiiique Jiypertro-
Exosmosis. phiante g\ven to by Marie, and results from
it
Osmotic (oz-}»ot' -ik) [wCT/zof, impulse] . Per- the absorption of toxic products from the dis-
taining to osmosis. eased foci.
Ossa [ôs'-ah')\y,.,pI. of os, a bone]. Bones. Osteoblast {os'-te-o-ldast) [oGreov, bone;
See Os. (i'taaTix;, a germ]. Any one of the cells
Ossein [os^-e-in] [ôs,
a bone]. The organic of mesoblastic origin concerned in the forma-
base of osseous tissue. tion of bony tissue.
Osseoaponeurotic [os-e-o-ap-on-ti-rot'-ik)\_os, Osteocarcinoma {os- te- o kar-sin -0'- niah)
-
bone aponeurosis'].
; Bounded by bone and [barinv, bone; carci/iowa]. I. Ossifying
the aponeurosis of a muscle. carcinoma. 2. Carcinoma of bone.
Osseous bone].
{os^-e-us) \ôs, Bony; com- Osteochondritis (os-te-o-kou-dri'-tis) \_bcrri-
posed of or resembling bone. 01', bone ,yoi'(Vpof, cartilage
; tri^, inflam-;
Ossicle [os'-ik-l) \_ossicii/it)!t, dim. of os, a mation]. Inflammation involving both bone
bone]. A small bone. O., Auditory, one and cartilage.
OSTEOCHONDROMA OTHEMATOMA
Osteochondroma [os-te- o
-
Icon -
dro'- mail) Osteophyte [os' -te-o-fil) \l)ariov, bone ; ^vtov,
[onr/oi', bone; x6vSpo<;,, cartilage; ojui, plant]. A bony outgrowth of dendritic
tumor]. A tumor that is in part bony and in character.
part cartilaginous. Osteoplastic {fls-te-o-plas'-tik)[^baTi;ov, bone;
Osteoclasis [os-tc-ok' -la-sis) bone [off-tor, ; n'Adaat-LV, to form]. I
Pertaining to the
KAasiv, to break]. I. Fracture of bones for formation of bone. 2. Pertaining to plastic
2. The operations upon bone. O. Resection, an
purposes of remedying deformity.
destruction of bony tissue by osteoclasts. operation in which a portion of bone, cut
Osteoclast [os'-te-o-klast) \hcirkov, bone ; loose from its attachments except at one
to break],
K/i.di7i', i. instrument for per- An point, is laid back, the underlying diseased
forming osteoclasis. 2. One of the large structure removed, and the bone replaced. It
multinuclear cells found against the surface is also known as the Wagner- Wolff method.
of bone in little eroded depressions (How- Osteoplasty [os'-te-o-plas-te) [offrtov, bone ;
ship's lacunas), and concerned in the removal -KT-aaozi-v , to

form]. Plastic operations per-
of bone. formed uijon bone.
Osteocope [os'-te-o-Icof). ?>e.e.Osteocopic Pain. Osteoporosis (os- te - a- por- o'- sis) \\iariov,
Osteocopic Pain [os-fe-o-kpfi'-ik) [oaTiov, bone rropoc, a pore].
;
An enlargement of
bone ;
a beating].
kottoc, severe pain in A the spaces of bone whereby a porous appear-
a bone, usually worse at night. It is a ance is
produced.
symptom of osteitis or periostitis, especially of Osteosarcoma (os-te-o-sar-ko' -maJi) \ho-'Eox\
syphilitic origin. bone ; oapi., flesh ; haa, tumor]. A sarcoma
a- jen' containing bone.
- - - -
Osteogenesis [os te es is) [octtj-'oi',
bone )tvvav, to beget]. The development
;
Osteosclerosis {os-te-o-skle-ro^ -sis) \hGTkov,
of bony tissue. bone oiikripoq,
;
hard] A condition in .
Osteogenetic (as -te- o-jcn- et'- ik) [oc-foi', which the bone becomes hard and heavy ;
bone; yevvdv, to beget]. Pertaining to, or it is seen in sclerosing or condensing osteitis.

concerned in, osteogenesis. O. Cell, an Osteotome {os'
-
te - o -
torn) [oortov, bone;
osteoblast. O. Layer, the deep layer of row//, a cutting]. I. An
instrument for cut-
periosteum from which bone is formed. ting bone. 2. An instrument used in cutting
Osteohalisteresis iôs-te-o-hal-is-ter-e'-sis) the bones of the fetal head in embryotomy.
[6(T7foi', bone aAf, salt crrepeeiv, to deprive].
; ; Osteotomy {os-te-ot' -o-vie) bone
[oCTrfov, ;
A loss of the mineral constituents of bone. 70/;//, a cutting]. The division of a bone.
Osteoid (as' -te-oi(I) [Itareov, bone; ri(5of, like]. O., Cuneiform, an osteotomy in which a
Resembling bone. wedge of bone is removed. O., Linear, a
Osteology [os - te ol' o jc) \hmenv, bone ;
- - -
simple division of a bone. O., Macewen's.
\6yo^, science]. The science of the anatomy See Operations, Table of.
and structure of bones. Os\.&oXr\X.e(os'-te-o-trit)\haTf:ov,hone ; Tpifieiv,
Osteolysis {os-te - ol'-is -is) [ofrrfor, bone; to rul)]. An instrument for scraping away
A('0(f, dissolution]. Absorption of bone. carious bone.
Osteoma [os-te-o' -inah) \ha-iov, bone; oixa, Ostitis (os-ti'-tis).
See Osteitis.
tumor]. A
bony tumor. O. durum, a Ostium A mouth or aper-
{os'-te-ii»i) [L.].
tumor consisting of hard bony tissue. O. ture. O. abdominale, the orifice of the
eburneum. Synonym of O. dicrnni. O. oviduct communicating with the peritoneal
medullare, an O. containing marrow-spaces. cavity. O. internum, the uterine ojiening
O. spongiosum, an O. containing cancel- of the oviduct. O. pharyngeum, the phar-
lated bony tissue. yngeal opening of the Eustachian tube. O.
Osteomalacia [os-te-o-mal-a'-sc-aJi) \Ix3teqv, tympanicum, the tympanic opening of the
bone fiakaKia, softness]. Softening of bone
;
Eustachian tul)e. O. vaginae, the external
from loss of its earthy constituents. It occurs orifice of the vagina.
chiefly in adults, especially in women in the Otacoustic [o-ta-koos'-tik) \_ovg, ear; aKOvetv,
course of ]:)regnancy. tohear]. I. Pertaining to, or aiding hearing.
Osteomyelitis [os-te-o- nii-rl-i'-tis) \_i>a-£oi\ 2. An ear-trumpet.
bone; /iwAof, marrow <7((;, inflammation]. ; Otalgia [o-tal' -je-ali) [ori;, ear; a'hyoq, pain].
Inflammation of the marrow of bone. Earache.
Osteonecrosis (os-fe-o-ne-/c>-o^ -sis) [hnrtov, Otaphone (o' -taf-dn)\ov(;, ear; liwiv/, sound].
bone; i'f\y)of, corpse]. Necrosis of bone. A clamp for throwing the pinnx- forward and
Osteopathy [os-te-op' -alh-c) [oorfoi', bone; outward, and thus assisting the hearing.
-I'lfliir, suffering]. Any disease of bone. Othematoma {pt-hei)i-ato' -inali) [o('f, ear;
Osteoperiostitis (os -te
-
a -per
-
c-os- ti'- tis) aijia, blood ; oua, tumor]. Hematoma of
[ooTfoi', bone ; nepi, around ; oarenv, bone ; the external ear, usually the pinna; hema-
inflammation], ('ombined inflammation
iTir, toma auris. From its
comparative frequency
of the bone and periosteum. in the insane, it is also called insane ear.
OTIATRICS OVIDUCT
Otiatrics {o-te-at' -riks) \ovq,
ear \aTi]p, sur-
; tympanic perforation the rushing sound made
geon]. The study of diseases of the ear by the passing air is audible to the examiner.
and their treatment. Otoscopy {p-tos' -ko-pe) [off,
ear :
(jKOTTtlv, to
Per- Examination of the
Otic [o'-tik] \Ltlk6c, from ovr, ear]. examine]. ear, espe-
taining the ear.
to O. Ganglion. See cially by means of the otoscope.
Ototomy {o-tot'-o-me) [off, ear; a cut-
Ganglia, Table of. roiii],
Otitis {o-H'-tis) [of'f, ear; (r<f, inflammation]. ting]. Dissection of the ear.
Inflammation of the ear. It may affect the Ouabain [oo-a'-l>a-in), CggH^pOij. A poi-
external ear, O. externa ; the middle ear, sonous glucosid from the wood of Carissa
O. media ; or the internal ear, O. interna. schimperi. It is a depressant to the heart
When confined to the mastoid cells it is and the respiration, and has been used in
called O. mastoidea, or mastoid disease. whooping-cough. Dose gr. -^^-^ (0.00013).
Oto- {o'-to-) ear].
[oi'f, prefix signifyingA Oulitis (oo-li'-tis). See Ulitis.
connection with, or relation to the ear. Ounce [owns) \_uncia, a contraction of unde-
Otocephalus iô-
to -
sef- al-us) \ovc, ear; cia, a twelfth jiart]. A
unit of measure of
K£(pa'/.T], head] . A monster characterized by weight. Avoirdupois O., the sixteenth part
a union or close approach of the ears, by ab- of the avoirdupois pound or 437-5 grains,
sence of the lower jaw, and an ill-developed equal to 31. i grams. Troy O., the twelfth
mouth. part of the Troy pound or 4S0 grains.
Otocleisis {o-to-kW -sis) \ovq, ear K7.daiq, ;
Ouro- [oo'-ro-). See Uro-.
closure]. Occlusion of the ear. Oval (o'-val) [ovum, egg]. Egg-shaped.
Otoconite {o-tok'-o-nit'). Ste Otoconium. OvaVonmin [o-val-bu' -mm) \_ovu»i, egg; al-
Otoconium [o - to - ko'- ne tern) [off, ear ; lni)iiin'\.

The albumin of the egg.
KovKi, dust]. An otolith. Ovarialgia {o-va-i-e-al'-je-ak) \oiariitm, an
Otocrane, Otocranium [o' -to
-
krau ,
o-to- ovary ; dAyof, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the
kra'-ne-nm) [oi\-, ear; Kpauiov, skull].
The ovary.
cavity of the petrous portion of the skull Ovarian [o-va' -re-an^ \ova)iiim, an ovary].
holding the organ of hearing. Pertaining to the ovaries.
Otodynia {oto-din' -e-ah) [oif, ear; bdvrr/, Ovario- [o-va' -i-e-o-) [ôrarium, ovary]. A
]iain]. Pain in the ear. prefix denoting relation to the ovary.
Otography {o-tog'-ra-fe) [oir, ear; ypd(j)£tv, Ovariocele [o-va' -re-o-sel) \ovariutn, ovary;
to write]. Descriptive anatomy of the ear. Kif/.rj, tumor]. Hernia of an ovary.
Otolith [o'-to-lith) [off, ear; liQoq, stone].
Ovariocentesis [o-va-re-o-scn-te' -sis) \ovar-
One of the calcareous concretions within the iitvi, ovary ; KEvrrjaig, puncture] Puncture .
membranous labyrinth of the ear. of tlie ovary or of an ovarian cyst.

Otology {ô-tol'-o-je)\ov(i, ear; 7.6yQC^, science].
Ovariotomist [o-va-re-of -o-)nist) \_ovarium,
The sc'ence of the ear, its anatomy, func- ovary; tojit], a cutting]. One who performs
tion.s, and diseases. ovariotomy.
Otomassage (o'- to mas ahzJi) [off, ear - -
; Ovariotomy {0 va re - of- - me) [ôvarium,
- -
7)iassagL'\.
The application of passive mo- ovary; -o/i^, a cutting]. Literally, incision
tion to the tympanic membrane and auditory of an ovary. As generally used, removal of
ossicles an ovary; oophorectomy. O., Normal,
Otopathy {o-top'-ath-e) [off, ear; :rd0of, dis- Battey's operation, the removal of an ovary
Any affection of the ear. that is free from disease.
ease].
Otopharyngeal {o-to -far in'- je al) [off,
- - Ovaritis (o-Tar-i'-tis) [ovarium, ovary tr^f, ;
ear; (papv]^, pharynx]. Pertaining to the inflammation]. Oophoritis.

ear and the pharynx. O. Tube, the Eus- Ovary [o'-var-e] [ovaritan, an egg-holder,
tachian tube. from ovum, egg]. One of a pair of glandular
organs giving rise to ova. It consists of a
Otophone (o'-to-fon') [ovf, ear;0«ji'7, voice].
I. An
ear-trumpet, or other device for gath- fibrousframework or stroma, in which are
2. An imbedded the Graafian follicles, and is sur-
ering and intensifying sound-waves.
auscultating tube used in ear-diseases. rounded by a serous covering derived from
Otorrhea (o-ior-e'-ak) [off, ear pom, a flow]. ;
the peritoneum.
A discharge from the external auditory meatus. Overextension [AS., ofer,o\ex; extension'].
Excessive extension extension beyond the
Otoscope (o' -to-skop) [off, ear; nKoirtiv, to ;
examine]. An instrument for examining the normal point or line.

ear, especially arubber tube, one extremity of Overtone [\?>. , ofer, over ; tone]. An har-
which is inserted into the ear of the subject, monic tone heard above the fundamental tone.
and the other extremity into the ear of the Ov\&nc\. [o' -vid-ukt) [oz'ttm egg ductus, a. , ;
examiner, a current of air being passed by canal]. The Fallopian tube; a small tube
means of a Politzer bag and a Eustachian upon either side of the uterus through which
catheter through the middle ear. In case of the ovule passes to the uterus.
OVIFEROUS OXYHEMOGLOBIN
Oviferous {o-vif -er-ns) \^n'iim, an egg; yivvv. Oxalate {oks'-a-lat) [ofa/./f, sorrel]. A salt
to bear]. Producing or bearing ova. of oxalic acid.
Ovification [o-vif-ik a'-slinii) \_ovtiiii, egg; Oxalic Acid {oks-al'-ik) \l)i,a/d(,, sorrel].
face re, to make]. The production of ova. See Acid, Oxalic.
Ovigerm in' -vij-erni) \_07)U!n, an egg; ger- Oxaluria {oks-a-lu' -re-ah) \hS,aXiz, sorrel ;
men, sprout, bud]. A cell producing or iiriitci,

urine]. The presence of an excessive
developing into an ovum. amount of calcium oxalate in the urine.
Ovigerous egg gerere,
[o-vij'-er-us) \_ovum, ; Oxalyl-urea [oks-u-Ivl-u-fe'-a/i) [ûâ'/uq, sor-
to carry]. Producing or carrying ova. rel uren^.
; Parabanic acid, a substance pro-
Ovination {o-vin-a'-shun) \ovis, a sheep]. duced by oxidizing uric acid or alloxan with
Inoculation with the virus of sheep-pox. nitric acid.
Oviparous {o-vip'-ar-its) \ovuin, egg parere, ;

Oxid {oks'-id) [6;£if, sharp]. A binary com-
to bring forth]. Laying eggs bringing forth
; pound of oxygen and another element or
young in the egg-stage of development. radicle.
Ovisac [o' -vis-ak) \_ovit/>/, egg; sacciis, sack]. Oxidation [oks-e-da^-skuti) [b^'vq, shaq)].
The capsule of an ovum a Graafian follicle.
;
The act or process of combining with oxy-
Ovoid (o'-void) \oviim, egg; elrfof, like]. gen.
Egg-shaped. O., Fetal, the fetal ellipse, or Oxidize [oks' -e-diz) [ofrf, sharp]. To com-
the ellipse formed by the bending of the fetal bine or to cause to combine with oxygen.
body in utero. Oxy- {oks'-e-) [o^t'f, sour, sharp], i. A pre-
Ovo viviparous [a-vo-vi-vip' -ar-us) \m.'um, fixdenoting sharp or acid. 2. A prefix denot-
egg; wzV/^^rt/v^.r, bringing forth alive]. Re- ing combined with oxygen.
producing by means of eggs hatched within Oxyacid [oks'-e-as-id) \oxy- ; acidly. See
the body. Acid.
Ovule (o'-viil') \o7nim, egg]. I. The ovum Oxyakoia, Oxyacoa {ôks-e-a-koi' -ah, oks-e-
before its escape from the Graafian vesicle. a-ko'-ah) [ci^fi'^-, sharp fko//, hearing].
; In-
2. A small egg especially a small egg-like
;
creased acuteness of hearing.
body, as the O. of Naboth, one of the small Oxysalt [oks'-e-salt) [ôxy- ; salt'\. A salt
cysts resulting from obstruction of the ducts of an oxyacid.
of the glands of the cervix uteri. O., Mi- Oxybutyric Acid [oks-e-bu-ti' -rik) [o^yf,
gration of, the transfer of the ovule from acid; hutyruiit, butter], C^HgOg. fatty A
the ovary to the oviduct. acid found in the urine in certain fevers and
Ovum {o'-viim) \oviiin, an egg]. The rein diabetes. Its presence in the body in
productive cell of an animal or vegetable an ; diabetes, simultaneously with that of diacetic

egg. A
human ovum is a cell consisting of acid, is supposed to be the cause of diabetic
a large amount of protoplasm (vitellus) and coma.
a large spheric nucleus, the germinal vesicle, Oxychlorid {oks-e-kio'-rid) [ofrf, acid; A^w-
within which is a bright spot, the nucleolus, por, green] A
compound of a basic element
.
or germinal spot. It is surrounded by an or radicle with both oxygen and chlorin.

inner zone, the zona pellucida, and an outer, Oxydum {oks^-id-uni). See Oxid.
the vitelline membrane. O., Alecithal, Oxyecoia (oks-e-e-koi'-aJi). Synonym of
one in which the food-yolk is entirely ab- Oxyakoia.
sent, or present only in very small quantity. Oxygen [oks^-e-Jen) [o^'vg, acid ; jEvvav, to
O., Blighted, an impregnated ovum the produce]. A colorless, tasteless, odorless
development of which has been arrested by gas, one of the nonmetallic elements, having
disease or by hemorrhage into the chorion or an atomic weight of 15.96 quantivalence II
; ;
amniotic cavity. O., Centrolecithal, one symbol O and constituting one-fifth of the
;
in which the formative yolk is arranged in a atmosphere, eight-ninths of water, three-

regular layer around the whole ovum, as well fourths of organized bodies, and about one-
as in a mass at the center in which lies the half the crust of the globe it
supports com-
;
germinal vesicle. O., Holoblastic, one in bustion, and is essential to the respiration of
which the food-yolk is scant and rnore or less animals and plants. It combines with most
thoroughly intermingled with the formative elements, its combination with the nonmetal-
yolk, and in which germination is accompan- lic substances giving rise to acids
(oxyacids).
ied by a practically uniform segmentation. In medicine it has been emjiloyed by inhala-
O., Meroblastic, an ovum with a large tion in the treatment of pneumonia, pulmon-
amount of food-yolk that takes no active part ary tuberculosis, grave anemias, asphyxia, and
in the
development of the embryo. O., poisoning by opium.
Telolecithal, one in which the food-yolk Oxygenated {oks' -e-jen-a-tctl) [of I'f, acid ;
md formalive yolk divide the egg into

the jM'i'ai', to
produce]. Containing or impreg-
wo hemispiieres, or in which the quantity nated with oxygen.
, f the nutritive yolk is greatly in excess. Oxyhemoglobin [pks-e-heiii-o-glo' -bin') [ofi'f,
OXYIODID PACK
acid; nl/ua, lilood ; globus, a round body]. Oxyuris (oks-e-u' -ris)\h^vc, sharp ; ovpa, tail].
Oxidized hemoglobin ;
that found in ar- A genus of nematode worms, the pinworms.
terial blood. O. vermicularis, the common seat-worm or
Oxyiodid [oks-e-i^-o-Jid] [o^t'f> acid; 'icîTjQ, pinworm infesting the rectum of children.
like a violet]. A
salt formed by the combi- Ozena {ô-ze' -nah) \hZ,ii, a stench]. Chronic
nation of an element with both oxygen and disease of the nose accompanied by a fetid
iodin. discharge, and depending on atrophic rhinitis
Oxymel [oks' -im-el) sharp; iiDu,
{h^vq, or syphilitic ulceration or caries.
honey]. I. A mixture of honey
and vinegar Ozocerite (o-zo-se'-rit) [oCy, smell Kr/jioc, ;
or dilute acetic acid. 2. Any preparation wax]. A

solid paraffin found free in Galicia
containing honey and vinegar (or acetic acid) and Roumania, and used in diseases of the
as a vehicle, as O. of Squill. skin.
Oxyntic {oks-in' -tik) [of if, acid]. Secreting Ozone [o'-zdn) [^bêtv, to smell]. An allo-
acid. O. Cells, cells of the fundus-glands tropic form of oxygen, the molecule of which
of the stomach supposed to secrete hydro- consists of three atoms. It occurs free in the
chloric acid. atmosphere, and is a powerful oxidizing
O.xyopia (oks-e-o^-pe-ali) [ofi'f, sharp; wi/', agent. In medicine it is
employed as a dis-
eye]. Increased acuity of vision. infectant.

Oxytocic [oks-e-tos'-ik) [ofi'f, sharp ro/cof, ;
Ozoniz&d [o'-zom:d) [d^fH', to smell]. Con-
labor]. I. Hastening parturition. 2. A taining ozone.
drug ihat hastens parturition.
P. I. The symbol of phosphorus. 2. An legs, in which it is thick, dry, harsh, and

abbreviation for (l) Position ; (2) Punctum scaly.
proximum (near-point). Pachymeningitis [pak-e-vien-in-Ji'-tis) [jra-
p. Abbreviation for para-. xi^'g, thick; fLijvqS, membrane; ltlc, inflam-
Pabulum [pab'-u-luni) [L.]. Food. mation]. Inflammation of the dura of the
Pacchionian {pak-e-o'-7ie-an). Described by brain (Cerebral P.) or the spinal cord (Spinal
Pacchioni, an Italian anatomist (1665- P.). P., External, that affecting the external
1726). P. Bodies, P. Glands, small layer of the dura. P., Hemorrhagic, P.
fibrous outgrowths of the arachnoid which haemorrhagica interna, an effusion of blood
perforate the dura and by pressure produce on the inner surface of the dura. P., Inter-
depressions in the cranium (P. Depressions). nal, that involving the internal layer of the
The bodies are found along the superior dura. P., Syphilitic, that due to syphilis.
longitudinal sinus. Pacini's Fluid pah-tshe' -nez).
(
A diluting
Pachy- {pak'-e) {^âxi'Q, thick]. A prefix fluid used in counting the red blood-corpus-
meaning thick. cles. Its composition is Mercuric chlorid :
Pachycephaly {pak -
e- -
sef al-e) [Tra ^'C, 2 grams ;
sodium chlorid 4 grams ; glycerol
thick; Ke(pa/j}, head]. Abnormal thickness 26 c. c. ; distilled water 226 c. c. This is
of the skull. diluted with three parts of water before using.

Pachydermatocele [pnk- e- der-mat'-o-sel) Pacinian (^pa-sin' -ean, pah-tshin'-e-an).
[Traji'f, thick; skin; k^/Ij?, tumor].
dtpfia, Described by Pacini, an Italian anatomist.
A tumor due to thickening of the skin. P. Corpuscles, elliptic, semitransparent
Pachydermatous {pak-e-der' -niat-iis) [ta- bodies, that represent one form of termina-
,:fi'f, thick diptia, skin].
; Thick-skinned. tion of the sensory nerves of the skin, the
Pachyderma, Pachydermia {pak-e-der- peritoneum, and other parts.
7nah, pak-e-der' -me-ah)\j:axvQ, thick ; dkpjxa, Pack {pak). A
blanket, either dry or soaked
skin]. I. Thickening of the skin. 2. Ele- in hot or cold water, and wrapped about the
phantiasis. P. laryngis, extensive thicken- body. P., Cold, a blanket wrung out
ing of the mucous membrane of the larynx. of cold water and wrapped about the body.
Pachylosis {pak-e-lo'-sis) \y:axv(;, thick]. P., Hot, a blanket wrung out of hot water
A condition of the skin, especially of the and wrapped about the body. P., Wet, a
PACKING PALMITIC ACID
blanket wrung out of warm or cold water, Palatine {pal'-a-tin) \_palatum, palate]. I.
and wrapped about the body. Pertaining to the palate, as the P. arteries. 2.
Packing [pak'-ing). I. The act of tilling a Conveying the palatine vessels or nerves.
wound or cavity with gauze or other mate- Palatoglossal [pal-a-to-glos'-al] \_palatutn,
rial. 2. The material used for hlling the palate; yAwaaa, tongue]. Pertaining to the
cavity. palate and the tongue.
See Palatoglossus See J\lus'
Pacquelin Cautery {pah'-kel-ang). {pal-a-io-glos'-us).
e/es, I'able of.
Cdtttery .
Pagenstecher's Ointment [Pagrnst,rLhcr, a Palatonasai {pal - a -to-na'-zal) [palatuii!,

German ophthalmologist]. An ointment of palate ; nasus, nose]. Pertaining to the
and the nose.
yellow oxid of mercury, used in ophthalmic palate
Palatopharyngeal {pal- a
- - -
to-far in'-je al)
practice.
an Per-
Paget's Abscess {paj'-ctz) [Sir J. Paget, \_ palatum, palate; (fupvy^, pharynx].
English surgeon]. A residual abscess. P. taining conjointly to the palate and the
Disease of the Nipple. See Diseases, pharynx.
pal- a
-
7\ihle of. Palatopharyngeus (
to -far- in'-je- us).
Pain I. See J\Ii/sc'es, Table
{'pan) ^pana, punishment, pain]. of.
See Sta-
Bodily suffering due to irritation of a sensory Palatorrhaphy {pal-a-tor' -a-fe).
nerve, or possibly in rare cases to changes in phylorrhaphy.
the central nervous system. 2. One of the Palatosalpingeus pal- a -to- sal-pin' fe- us)
(
.
rhythmic contractions of the uterus during

The tensor palati muscle.
labor. P., After-, that following labor, and Palatoschisis {pal-a -tos'-Zcis-is) [_ palatum,
caused by the uterus contracting to expel palate; (7^\;/fftc, cleft]. Cleft palate.
clots, etc. P., Bearing-down, pain with Palatouvularis {pal-a-to-ii-vu-la' -ris). The
a sensation of dragging or bearing down of azygos uvulx- muscle.
the pelvic organs, occurring in labor and in Paleontology {pa-le-on-tol' -o-je) \_~aAa(6q,
various inflammatory affections of the female old; tJi', being; "koyoq, science]. The
P., False, that occurring science of the early life-forms of the earth.
pelvic organs.
the latter part of pregnancy and resem- {pal- in -fn'-
-
es
in Palingenesis is) [^Kaliv,
bling labor-pain, although not followed by again ; ykveaiq, production]. The form of
labor. P., Fulgurant, P., Fulgurating, development of an individual germ in which
the intense sliooting pain afiecting princi- the development of its ancestors is succinctly
pally the limbs of patients suffering

from repeated.
locomotor ataxia. P., Girdle-, a painful sen- Palliative {pal'-e-a-tiv) \_palliare, to cloak].
sation as of a cord tied about the waist it I. Relieving or alleviating suffering. 2. A
;
is a symptom of organic disease of the drug relieving or soothing the symptoms of

spinal cord. P., Growing, a popular term a disease without curing it.
for the soreness about the joints in young Palm {pahi/i) [/(z/w(Z, palm], i. The inner
Some attribute it to or tlexor surface of the hand the hollow of
persons at puberty. ;
increased vascularity of the epiphyses of the hand. 2. A palm-tree. P. -oil, oleum

others, to rheumatism. palm;Ts, a fixed oil obtained
from the fruit
long bones ; P.,
Lancinating. See P., F'ldgnraiit. P., of Elais guineensis. It is employed in mak-
Starting, pain caused by a spasmodic con- ing soap.
traction of the muscles just before the onset Palma {pal'-mah) [L.]. Palm. Palmae
of sleep. It occurs in joint-diseases when plicatae, the arborescent rugre of the interior
the cartilages are ulcerated. of the vagina.
Painters' Colic. Lead-colic. Palmar {pal' -mar) [^palma, palm]. Pertain-
Palatal (/f^/'-rtArt/) [/a/a/ww, palate]. Per- ing to the palm of the hand. P. Abscess,
taining to the palate. an abscess in the palm of the hand, usually
Palate {pal' -at) [palation, palate]. The situated beneath the palmar fascia. P. Arch,
roof of the mouth. It is composed of the one of the two curved arches, superficial and
hard palate, formed by the palatal processes deep, formed by the anastomosis ()f the radial
of the superior maxillary bones and the [)ala- and ulnar arteries in the hand. P. Fascia,
tal bones, and the soft palate, or velum the sheath investing the muscles of the hand.
palati, consisting of an aggregation

of mus- Palmaris {pal-ma' -ris). See Muscles, Table
cles, the tensor palati, azygos uvulae, pala- of.
toglossus, and palatopharyngeus. P., Artifi- Palmella {pal-mel'-ah). A genus of fresh-

cial, a plate of hard material used as an water algse.
obturator to close a fissure in the palate. P., Palmellin {pal-mcl'-in). A red coloring-
Cleft, a congenital deformity characterized principle of a fresh-water alga, the
Palmella
by incomplete closure of the lateral halves cruenta, resembling hemoglobin.
of the palate. Palmitic Acid { pal-tnit' -ik) . See Add.
PALMITIN PANGENESIS
Palmitin {paF-uiit-in) \_pab)ia, palm-tree], Panax (pa'-nais) [rrar, all ; qkoc, cure].
C3Hj(CjgH3,02)3. Glyceryl tripalmitate, a Ginseng the root of P. quinquefolium, used
;
solid crystallizable substance which, jvith in China as a remedy for many diseases. It
stearin, constitutes the greater proportion of is a demulcent and mild
purgative.
solid fats. Pancreas {pan'-kre-as) \j^dq, all; Kpiar,
Palmus {pal'-miis) [Ta/./^df, a twitch]. flesh]. A compound racemose gland, from
Jumpers' disease, lata, or miryachit a form ;
six to eight inches in length, lying
transversely
of convulsive tic. across the posterior wall of the abdomen ;
Palpate {pal'-pdt) \_pa!pare, to feel]. To the sweetbread of animals the abdominal ;
examine by toiich. salivary gland of the Germans. Its right
Palpation { pal-pa' -shini) \_palpa7-e,'iol&€{\. extremity, the head, lies in contact with the
In physical diagnosis, the laying of the hand duodenum; its left extremity, the tail, is in
on a part of the body or the manipulation of a close proximity to the spleen. It secretes a
part with the hand for the purpose of ascertain- limpid, colorless fluid that digests proteids,
ing its condition or that of underlying organs. fats, and carbohydrates. The secretion is
P., Bimanual, the use of the two hands in conveyed to the duodenum by the ]iancre-
examining an organ. atic duct, or duct of Wirsung. P., Lesser,
Palpebral [pal'-pe-bral) \_palpebra, eyelid]. a small, partially detached portion of the
Pertaining to the eyelid. P. Conjunctiva, gland, lying posteriorly to its head and hav-
the conjunctiva of the eyelid. P. Fissure, ing occasionally a separate duct that opens
the opening between the upper and lower into the pancreatic duct proper.
eyelids. Pancreatic { pan-kre-at' -ik) \jraq, all; nptac,
Palpitation [pal-pit-a'-skuu) \_palpitare, to flesh]. Ptrtaining to the pancreas, as the

quiver]. A fluttering or throbbing, especi- P. duct; depending upon disease of the pan-
ally of the heart, of which the person is con- creas, as P. diabetes. P. Fluid or Juice,
scious. the secretion of the pancreas, a thick, trans-
Palsy {pawl'-ze) [from paralysis\. Paraly- parent, colorless, odorless fluid, of a salty
sis. P., Bell's. See Diseases, Table of. taste, and strongly alkaline.
P., Birth-. See Birth. P., Crutch-, that Pancreaticoduodenal {pan-kre-at-ik-odu-
due to pressure of the crutch in the axilla fld'en-al) [Tdf, all Kpkar, flesh duodenum,
; ;
upon the nerves of the brachial plexus. P., duodenum]. Pertaining to the pancreas and
Erb's. See ErFs Palsy. P., Hammer-, the duodenum, as the P. jtrteries.
that due to excessive use of the hammer. P., Pancreatin [pan-kre'-at-in) \_~ag, all ; Kphq,
Shaking. Synonym of Paralysis agitans. fle.sh]. The
active elements of the juice of
P., Wasting,progressive muscular atrophy. the pancreas also the commercial extract of
;
Paludal [pal'- H- clal) \_paliis, marsh]. the pancreas, supposed to possess a fermenta-
Pertaining to, or originating in marshes ;
tive action similar to that of the pancreatic
malarial. juice.
Paludism {pal'-u-dizni) \_paliis, marsh]. Pancreatitis [pan-kre-at-i'-tis^ [~«f> fiH ;
Malarial poisoning. Kpmq, flesh; iriq, inflammation]. Inflamma-

Pampiniform ( pain-pin' -e-forni) [ pampinus, tion of the pancreas. It may be hemorrhagic,
tendril; forma, form]. Having the form suppurative, or gangrenous. The onset of
of a tendril. P. Plexus. See Plexits, P. is usually sudden, with severe abdominal
Spermatic. ]iain, vomiting, tympanites, and tenderness
Pampinocele [parn-pin'-o-sel) \^painpinus, of the abdomen. It is usually fatal.
tendril; Krj'kri, tumor]. A
varicocele of the Pancreatotomy {pan-kre-at-ot'-o-me) \_-ac,
veins of tlie pampiniform plexus. all; Kpenq, flesh; tout/, a cutting]. Inci.-.ion
Panacea [pan-a-se'-ali) [vravaKeta, all-heal- of the pancreas.
ing, from rrac, all ; cikgc, a cure]. A rem- Pandemic { pan-dem'-ik) [Traf, all; îjiîoq.
edy curing all diseases ;
a cure-all. people]. Epidemic over a wide area.
Panama-fever. I. A Pandiculation {pan-dik-u-la' -shun)
pernicious form of \_pan-
malarial %ver occurring on the isthmus of diculari, irom pandere, to stretch out]. The
Panama. 2. Yellow fever. P. -paralysis, act of stretching the limbs, especially on
beriberi. waking from sleep.
Panaris {pan- a' -
ris) \_panariciinn, a Pang, Brow-. Hemicrania.
corruption ol paronychium, paronychia]. See Pangenesis [pan-J-en'-es-is) [Traf, all ; yewdv,
Paro7tvchia. to produce]. Darwin's theory of heredity,
Panaritium {paii
-
ar -
isk' -
e -uni). JSee which supposes the existence of gemmules or
Paronychia. minute particles separated from the body-cells
Panarthritis {pan-ar-thri'-fis) [rrof, all ;
and segregated from the circulation by the
apBpov, joint iti^, inflammation].
; Inflam- reproductive glands. These prefrrmed con-
mation of all the structures of a joint. stituents of all parts of the fully-formed ani-
PANNEURITIS PARABLASTOMA
mal or plant become aggregated in the germ, Papilla [pap-il'-ah) [L. a nipple]. i. ,
and give rise by a process of evolution to the A small, nipple-like eminence. 2. Synonym
new organism. of Optic Disc. P., Circumvallate, one of
Panneuritis {pan-}in-ri^-tis)['n:a(;, all, every ;
the large jiapill.e at the root of the tongue,
iTiyjoi', nerve ; ^r^r, inflammation]. Multiple arranged like the letter V opening forward.
neuritis. P., Clavate. Synonym of P., Pungifonn.
Panniculus [pan-ik'-u-liis) [dim. of pan- P., Conical. See P., Pi/i/orm. P., Den-
nus, a piece of cloth]. membrane or A tal. See Organ, Enamel-. P., Duodenal,
layer. P. adiposus, the layer of subcuta- the elevation at the point where the ductuo
neous fat. P. carnosus, the layer of mus- communis choledochus enters the duode-
cles contained in the superficial fascia. It is num. P., Filiform, any one of the papilla;
well developed in the lower animals, but in occurring on all parts of the tongue, consist-
man is represented mainly by the platysma. ing of an elevation of connective tissue cov-
Pannus [pan' -us) [L., a cloth]. Vasculari- ered by a layer of epithelium. P., Fungi-
zation of the cornea, usually due to the irri- form, any one of the low, broad papillae
tation of trachoma-granulations. found on the surface of the tongue, consisting
Panodic {pan-od'-ik). See Panlhodic. of a connective-tissue elevation, covered by
Panophobia [pan - o- fo'- be ah) [T«f -
,
all ; secondary papillae. P., Lacrimal, a small
(pojSog, Morbid fear of everything;
fear]. conic eminence on the eyelid at the inner
a symptom present in some cases of neuras- canthus, pierced by the lacrimal punctum. P.,
thenia. Renal, the summit of any one of the renal
Panophthalmitis [pan-off-thiil-nii' -lis) [iraf, pyramids projecting into the renal pelvis.
all ; oi^da/iMx;, eye; inr, inflammation]. In- Papillary [pap'-il-a-re) \_papilla\. Com-
Hammation of all the tissues of the eyeball. posed of or containing papillae resembling a ;
Panosteitis ( pan - os - te-i'- tis ) [ Traf, all ; papilla.

ba-tov, bone; <r<f, inflammation]. An in- Papuliferous [pap-il-if'-er-us) \_papilla, pa-
flammation of all the structures of a bone. pilla ferre, to bear].
;
Bearing or containing
Panotitis [pan-o-ti'-tis) [rrdf, all ovq, ear; ; papillfe, as a P. cyst.
iriq, inflammation]. An inflammation in- Papilliform [pap-il'-if-orm) \ papilla, nipple ;
volving all the structures of the ear. forma, to form]. Shaped like a papilla.
Panspermatism {pan-sper' -mat-izm^ [Traf, Papillitis [pap-il-i'-tis) \_ papilla, papilla;
all airepjia, seed].
;
The theory that germs iTLi;, inflammation]. Inflammation of the
are omnipresent. " choked disc."
optic disc ; optic neuritis ;
Pansphygmograph {pan - sjig' - mo -graf) Papilloma [pap-il-o'-mah) [papilla, papilla;

\_~aq,
all a(pv}/j6i;, pulse; ypd(petv, to write].
; bfia, tumor]. A growth on the skin or mu-
An instrument by means of which tracings cous memi)rane resembling hypertrophied
can be taken simultaneously of the cardiac papillae. It is a benign tumor, occurring in
movements, the arterial pulse, and the respi- two forms, the hard P., one growing from
ration. squamous epithelium, and the soft P., one
Panthodic [pan-thcd'-ik) [^nr, all; oôr, developed from columnar epithelium.
way] Of nervous impulses, radiating
. to all Papule [pap' -I'll) [papula, a pimple]. A
parts of the body. small circumscribed, solid elevation of the
Pantophobia [pa7i-to-fo' -be-ah). See Pano- skin. P., Moist, the syphilitic condyloma.
phobia. Paquelin's Cautery. See Cautery.
Pantoscopic pan-to-skop' -ik). See Bifocal.
(
Par [L.]. A pair. P. vagum, the vagus
Papain (pa'-pa-in). See Papaya. nerves.
Papaver [pa-pa' -ver). See Opium. 'Pa.Ta.-[par'-ak-) [napa, beyond, beside]. I.
Papaverin [pa-pa' -ver-in) \_papaver, poppy], A prefi.x signifying beyond, beside, near, the
C2,H.2iNO^. A
crystalline alkaloid found in opposite of, etc. 2. In chemistry, prefixed
opium and thought to possess narcotic pro- to a derivative of the benzol-ring, it indicates
perties. Dose gr. % (0.016). the substitution of two atoms of hydrogen
Papaya Melon-tree; ])awpaw situated opposite each other.
—the Carica papaya,
(/i7-/rt'-ja/i).
a tree of the order Pas- Parabanic Acid [par-ah-ba'-nik). SeeC.w-
siflorce. The unripe fruit yields a milky lyl-urea.
juice containing an albuminous substance, Parablast { par'-ah-blasl) [ rrapn, beside;
papain or papayotin, cajmble of digesting jS^Maro^, germ]. One of thetwo main divis-
tibrin and other proteid-bodies.
Papain in from which the
ions of the embryonal tissues,
commerce occurs as a grayi.sh powder, and blood-vessels, lymphatic vessels, and other
has been used as a digestant in dyspepsia, as connective tissues are developed.
an application to false membranes, warts, epi- Parablastic [par-ah-blas'-tik)[TTapa, beside ;
theliomata, etc. Dose

v-x (0.32-0.65). gr. jTAaaroi;, germ] Pertaining to the parablast.
.
Papayotin [pa-pa-yo'-tin). See Papaya. Parablastoma [par-ah-blas-to'-viah) [n-u/jd,

PARACENTESIS PARALYSIS
beside (iXaoToq, germ
; 6/m, tumor] ;
A .
\Tcapa, beside ; yaîjia, the letter g]. Ina-
tumor composed of parablastic tissue. bility to pronounce the hard g, and also k,
Paracentesis [^par-ah-scn-te' -sis) [Trapa, be- other consonants being substituted, as d or- 1.
side ;
/if i'7//(7/(;,
puncture]. Puncture; especi- Parageusia par-ah-gtt'-ze-ah)\_-apa, beside
( ;
ally puncture of the wall of a cavity

of the }ti'r7«:, taste]. Perversion of the sense of
body, such as the thoracic wall, cornea, tym- taste.
panic membrane. Paraglobulin (par-ah-glob'-u-li)i) [Trapd, be-

Paracentral (/a;--«/i-5^«'-^ra/)[7ropd, beside ; side globulus, a little ball].
;
globulin A
KEvrpov, center]. Situated near the center. found in blood-serum and other fluids of the
P. Lobule, a convolution on the mesial sur- body. It is also called fibroplastin, fibrino-
face of the cerebral hemisphere uniting the plastin, and serum-gloliulin.
upper ends of the ascending frontal and Paraglobulinuria par ah -glob
- -
(
ti -
lin -
ic'-
ascending parietal convolutions. re-ah) [Trapd, beside; globulus, a little ball;

Paracephalus {pnr-a/i-se/'-al-us) [Trapd, be- urina, urine]. The presence of paraglobulin
side ; hf(/)a/i?), head]. A
monster character- in the urine.
ized by a rudimentary, misshapen head, and Paragraphia (/><?;'
ah -graf- e ah) [napn,
- -
defective trunk and limbs. aside; ypcKpeiv, to write]. A form of aphasia

Parachroma {^par-ah-kro' -mah) [Trapd, be- in which the person writes the improper word
side ;(i)(l)/ia,
; color]. Change in color, or misplaces the words.
especially in the natural color of the skin. Paralactic Acid[par-ah-lak'-tik). See Acid,
Paracolpitis 'ypar-ali-kolpi'-tis) \jTupd, l)y ;
Sariolai/ic.
/lO/iTTOf, vagina (r/^-, inflammation].
;
Inflam- Paralalia [par-ah-la' -le-ali) [7ra/)d, beside;
mation of the connective tissue about the '/n'/ia, speech]. Disturbance of the faculty
vagina. of speech.
Paracoto ^par-ah-ko'-to) [Trapd, beside ; Sp. , Paralbumin [par-al-bu' -ini>i) [Trapd, beside ;
coto,a cubit]. A South American tree the albuniiii\ A proteid substance found in
bark of which contains a neutral substance, ovarian cysts.
paracotoin, closely resembling cotoin. Paraldehyd [par-al^-de-hld) [-npri, beside ;
Paracresylol [par-ah-kirs'-il-ol) \nap(i, be- aldt'hyd'], Cglli.jOg. A
polymeric form of
side; cresol'\. A derivative of cresol. aldehyd, occurring as a colorless liquid of re-
Paracusia, Paracusis [par -ah- ku'-ze - ah, pulsive odor and unpleasant taste, with power-
par - ah ku' -sis) [7r«p(i, beside; anavEiv, to ful hypnotic properties. It is used in dehrium
-
hear]. Perversion of the sense of hearing. tremens, mania, tetanus, and other nervous
Paracystitis(/rt;'-(;//-j'/j'-//^-/'M)[~rt/)d, beside ;
affections. Dose, Tt\^ 30-60 (2.0-4.0).
id'OTi^,bladder; iri^, inflammation]. In- Paralexia [par-ah-leks'-e-ali) [jrapd, beside;
flammation of the connective tissue surround- /f ,f (f speech]
,
Disturbance of the power of
.
ing the bladder. reading, consisting in the transposition or

Paradidymis par-ah-did' -im-is^ \_-Kapa,
( be- substitution of words or syllables.
side; fV(5i'M0f, testicle]. The organ of Paralgesia { par-al-jc'-ze-ah) [Trapd, beside:
Girald^s, the atrophic remains of the tubules (iXyoq, pain]. An abnormal painful sensa-
of the Wolffian body, lying among the con- tion ; painful paresthesia.
volutions of the epididymis. Parallax [par^-al-aks) [Trapd, beside ; okAog,
Paradoxic Contraction. A slow tonic con- other]. The apparent displacement of an
muscle when suddenly
traction occurring in a object due to a change in the position of the
relaxed or when its length is suddenly observer, or by looking at it alternately with
shortened. P. Pulse. See Pulse. one eye, then with the other.P., Crossed,
Parsesthesia [par-es-the^-ze-ah). See Par- P., Heteronymous, which the ob- that in
esthesia. ject moves away from the uncovered eye.
Paraffin {par'-af-in) \_paru>ii,\\\.\\t\ affinis, P., Homonymous, that in which the ob-
affmity]. I. Any saturated hydrocarbon of ject moves toward the uncovered eye. P.,
the marsh-gas series, having the formula Vertical, that in which the object moves
CnHan+c- 2. A
white, odorless, translu- upward or downward.
cent hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar or Paralogia [^par-ah-lo' -je-ali) [Trapd, beside;
by the destructive distillation of wood. P. Ad} Of, reason]. Difficulty in thinking logi-
durum (B. P.), hard or solid paraffin, a cally. P., Thematic, a condition in which
mixture of several of the harder members of the thought is unduly concentrated on one
the paraffin-series of hydrocarbons. It is subject.
usually obtained by distillation from shale. Paralysis [par-al' -is-is\ [rrapd, beside h'vEiv, ;
P., Liquid, a liquid hydrocarbon of the to loosen]. A loss of motion or of sensa-

paraffin- series. P. molle, soft paraffin; tion in a part. P., Acute Ascending. See
the Petrolatum molle of the (U. S. P.). Landry^ s Paralysis, in Diseases, Table of.
Paragammacismus(/rtr-a/z-^''rt/«-a-j/3''-;«?«) P., Acute Atrophic. See P., JuJ'a utile.
PARALYSIS PARALYSIS
P., Acute Progressive. Synonym of P., lower limb following embolism or thrombo-
4cute Ascending. P. agitans, shaking sis of the femoral artery. P., Klumpke's,
Parkinson's disease. P., Atrophic a paralysis involving the lower portion of the
palsy,
P., Injhntilc-. P., Atrophos-
':^&e bracliial plexus, the eighth cervical and first
Spinal.
pastic. Synonymof Amyotrophic Lateral dorsal nerves, and characterized by paralysis
Sclerosis. P., Bell's. See P., Facial. P., of the small muscles of the hand, of some of
Brown-Sequard's, a motor paralysis of one the muscles of the forearm, with anesthesia
side of tlie body with sensory paralysis of in the distribution of the ulnar and median
the other side. P., Bulbar, glossolabio- nerves. Puiiillary changes may be present.
laryngeal paralysis. P., Central, a ppralysis P., Lead-, a paralysis due to lead, usually
due to a lesion of the brain or spinal cord. of the extensors of the wrist, causing wrist-
P., Cerebral, a paralysis due to a brain- drop. It is nearly always bilateral and is
lesion. P., Crossed, a paralysis of the arm caused by a peripheral neuritis induced by
and leg of one side, associated with either a the lead-poisoning. P., Little's, infantile
facial paralysis or a paralysis of the oculo- cerebral spastic paraplegia. P., Motor,
notor nerve of the opposite side. P., Crutch-. paralysis of the voluntary muscles. P.,
See Crutch-paralysis. P., Cruveilhier's, Musculospiral, paralysis of the extensors
progressive muscular atrophy. P., Diph- and supinators of the wrist, due to an injury
theric, a motor paralysis due to the action or to inflammation of the musculospiral
of the diphtheria-poison on the nervous sys- nerve. P., Nuclear, one due to a lesion
tem, chielly on the peripheral nerves. P., of the nuclei of origin of a cranial nerve.
Duchenne's. See Duchenne' s Disease in P., Obstetric, any paralysis of the child
Diseases, Table of. P., Erb's, a partial resulting from injuries received during de-
paralysis of the brachial plexus, involving livery. P., Peripheral, loss of power due
the nerves supplying the deltoid, biceps, to a lesion of the nervous motor mechan-
brachialisanticus, and supinator longus, often ism between the nuclei of origin and the
the supinator Ijrevis, and occasionally the peripheral termination. P., Postdiphther-
infraspinatus and subscapularis muscles. P., ic. See P., Diphtheric. P., Pseudobul-
Facial, a paralysis of the muscles of the face, bar, a symmetric lesion of the halves of the
usually of one side only, due to central dis- cerebrum producing paralysis of the lips, the
ease or due to a lesion of the facial nerve. tongue, and the larynx or the pharynx. P.,
P., General [of the Insa>ie), general pa- Pseudohypertrophic Muscular, a chronic
resis,paralytic dementia, paretic dementia, disease characterized by progressive muscular
progressive paralysis of the insane ; an weakness, associated with an apparent hyper-
organic disease of the brain, characterized by trophy of the affected muscles. The disease
progressive loss of power and by a deteriora- usually begins in the muscles of the calf, and
tion of the mental faculties,ending eventu- spreads over the body, the muscles of the
ally dementia and death. The main
in hand almost always escaping. There is
symptoms may be divided into psychic, marked lordosis and a jêruliar gait with
motor, and sensory. The psychic symptoms wide separation of the legs and swaying of the
are principally a change of character and body from side to side. The characteristic
delusions of grandeur; the motor are weak- symptom is the manner in which the patient
ness, tremor, disturbance of speech, apoplec- arises from the floor —he " climbs " upon his
tiform or epileptiform seizures, and finally legs, on account of the weakened state of the
motor paralysis there is often inequality of
;
extensor muscles of the back. It is most com-
the pupils, with myosis or mydriasis sensory ;
mon in young male children. The disease
symptoms are slight and consist chiefly in is entirely myopathic, no adequate nerve-
paresthesias. The causes are oljscure — lesion having as yet been discovered. The
syphilis and severe nervous strain are impor- muscles are the seat of hypertrophy and
taiit factors. P., Infantile, acute anterior atrophy of muscular fibers, hyperplasia of
poliomyelitis, acute atrophic paralysis, atro- the connective tissue, and fatty infiltration.
phic spinal paralysis, essential paralysis; a P., Reflex, the paralysis sometimes fol
disease peculiar to childhood, and character- lowing immediately upon a wound of a
ized by sudden paralysis of one or more limbs nerve, or the paraplegia sometimes due to
or of individual muscle-groups, and followed irritation of an adherent prepuce. Other
by rajîd wasting of the affected parts, with so-called reflex palsies, as that from renal
reaction of degeneration and deformity. The calculus, are probably due to secondary
paralysis is due to changes in the anterior changes in the spinal cord or nerves. P.,
cornua of the gray matter of the sjiinal cord, Spastic, a paralysis associated with rigidity
and is probably the result of infection. P., of the muscles and heightened tendon-
Ischemic, paralysis of a part due to stop- reflexes. P., Spastic Spinal, lateral
page of the circulation, e.g., paralysis of the sclerosis.
34
PARALYTIC PARAPLEGIA
Paralytic {par-ah-lit'-ik') \Tvapa.'kvaiq, paraly- Paramyosinogen [par-ah-mi-o'-sin'-o-jen)
sis].
I. Of the nature of paralysis ;
affected \_-apd, beside; jivg, muscle; -jEvvdv, to
with paralysis. 2. A
person suffering from beget]. One of the proteids of muscle-
paralysis ; also, one suffering from general plasma, coagulating at 47° C.
paralysis of the insane. Paramyotonia [par- ah-tni- 0- to'- tie - ah)
Paralyzant i^par-ah-li' -zant') [Trapd/lvCTZf, par- [irapd, aside ûi'f,
muscle Tovof, tone].
; ;
A
alysis]. I.Causing paralysis. 2. An agent perversion of muscular tonicity, characterized
or drug that induces paralysis. P., Motor, by tonic spasms. It is usually congenital (P.
a drug paralyzing any part of tlie motor ap- congenita). See Thomsen's Disease, Dis-
paratus. eases, Table of.
Paralyzing Vertigo. See Gerlie/s Disease, Paranephritis [par-ah-nef-ri' -tis) \_-napd, be-
Diseases, Table of. side ve(tip6r,
; kidney; irtg, inflammation].
1. Inflammation of the 2. In-
Paramagnetic {par-ah- mag-net' -ik) \_'âpd, paranephros.
beside 7iiagnei\
; Exhibiting a polarity in flammation of the connective tissue aljout the
the same direction as the magnetizing force. kidney.
Paramagnetism (^par - ah - mag'- net - izm) Paranephros ( /<;?r-(7//-;/<f/"''-r(>j-) [;rap« beside , ;
\j:apa, beside; 7nagnet\ The phenomena ifv/jot', kidney]. The suprarenal capsule.
exhibited by paramagnetic substances. Parangi [par-an'-je). See Frambesia.
Paramastitis [par ah mas-ti'-
- -
tis) \_-af)h, Parancea, Paranoia [par-ah-ne'-ah, par-ah-
near; iiaaruq, mamma; ntq, inflammation]. noi'-ah) [Tapii, beside ; roof, mind]. Mental
Inflammation of the connective tissue about aberration, especially a chronic disease char-
the mamma. acterized by systematized delusions.
Paramenia {par-ak-?ne'-tze-ah) \napa, be- Paranoiac [par-ah-noi'-ak) \7:apd, beside;
side ; ut/vE^, menses]. Difficult or disordered vdoq, mind]. I. Affected with paranoia. 2.
menstruation. A person who is affected with paranoia.
Parametric [par-ah-met'-rik) \_-nfm, beside ; Paranucleus ( par-ah-im'-kle-us) {r:apd, be
ftf/rpa,uterus]. Pertaining to the tissues side nucleus, kernel].
;
An irregular spiheric
about the uterus. body lying in the protoplasm of a cell near
Parametritis ( par ah me
- - -
tri'- /is) \^-apd, the nucleus and perhaps extruded by the
near; /ui/rpa, womb; inc^, inflammation]. latter.
Inflammation of the cellular tissue about the Parapeptone [par-ah-pep'-ton). See Pep-
uteruspelvic cellulitis.
; tone.
Parametrium [par - ah-me'-tre-tun') \irapd, Paraphasia [par-ah-fa'-ze-ah)\y:apd,\it'^\A& ;
near; /;//r/ja, womb]. The connective tissue (paair, speech]. A

form of aphasia in which
surrounding the uterus. there is inability to connect ideas with the
Paramimia [par-ah-mim'-e-ah) [jiapd, be- proper words to express the ideas.
side; /ii/itiaHat, to mimic]. A form of Paraphimosis [ par-ah-f-mo'-sis) [-apd, be-
aphasia characterized by the faulty use of side (pLfiuEiv, to bridle]. Retraction and con-
;
gestures. striction of the prepuce, behind the glans

Paramitome [par-aA-mi'-tdm)l_Trapd, he3\de ; penis.
thread].
H'lTo^, The fluid portion of the cell- Paraphonia par-ah-fo' -ne-ah)\jKapd,he?,\(\e
[ ;
substance, contained iu the meshes of the oijfij,

voice]. Any abnormal condition of
mitome. the voice.
Paramnesia [par-am-ne' -ze-ah) \Tiapd, be- Paraphrasia [par-ah-fra' -ze-ah) [rrapd, be-
side; iiLiivijnKEiv , to remindj. Illusion of side ; 0pd(T/f, utterance]. A form of aphasia
memory, especially the illusion of feeling, as characterized by incoherence of speech.
if one had already undergone the
experience Paraplasm [ par' -ah-plaztn) [7r«/)d, beside ;
which may be passing. n7Mai.La, a thing formed], i. The fluid sub-
Paramorphin [par-ah-mor'-Jin). See The- stance in the meshes of the cell -protoplasm.
bain. 2. A heteroplasm or false growth.
Paramusia [par-ah-mu'-ze-ah)\_-apd beside; Paraplegia [par-ah-ple' -je-ah)\j:apd, beside ;
novauiT], music]. A form of aphasia in which stroke].

K7.riyT/, Paralysis of the lower half
there is perversion of the musical sense, re- of the body, or of the lower extremities. P.,
sulting in the production of improper notes Ataxic, a disease characterized clinically by
and intervals. a combination of ataxia and exaggerated
Paramyoclonus multiplex [par-ah-mi-ok'- tendon-reflexes, and anatomically by sclerosis
lo-nits
?)iul'-tip-ieks). A neurosis marked by of the posterior and lateral columns of the
sudden, shock-like nmscular contractions, cord. P., Infantile Spasmodic, spastic
which are bilateral and do not as a rule affect cerebral paraplegia, spasmodic tabes dor-
the hands or face. The etiology is unknown, salis, birth-palsy a spastic paralysis coming
;
and the disease is believed to be analogous to on in early childhood, and usually dependent
chronic adult chorea. on a cerebral lesion with failure of proper de-
FARAFLtLUlC I'AKHlKA
velopment or secondary sclerosis of the cfiToc,food]. The relation that a parasite

motor tracts of the spinal cord. The causes bears to its host infestion by parasites.
;
are injuries during birth, intrauterine cerebral Parasitogenetic (^par-ak-si-to-gen-ef- ik)

inflannnalion, or anomalies of brain-develop- \_-af)d,
Ijeside ; airor, food ; yevvdi', to be-
ment. P., Spastic, lateral sclerosis. get]. Produced by parasites; depending for
Paraplegic {par-ah-ple' -jik) [~(i/)d,
beside ;
its origin upon jiarasites.
tt'/Ii))j,
a stroke]. Pertaining to, or aftected Parasitology {^par-ah-d-tol' -o-je) [rra/ja, be-
with, paraplegia. side ; ffZrof, food; 7.dyoq, science]. 'The
Paraproctitis (^par-ah-prok-ti' -tis) [Trapn, be- study of parasites.
side -puKToz, anus; nu:, inflammation].
; Paraspadia [par-ah-spa'-de-ah) [rrapd, be-
Inllammation of the connective tissue about side ; a-dtiv, to draw]. condition in A
the rectum. which the urethra opens on one side of the
Parareducin {^par-ah-re-du' -siti) \T:apa, be- penis.
side yedmere, to lead back].
;
A leukomain Parasternal par-ah-sfer'-nal) [-apd, beside;
(
found in conjunction with reducin in the a-rkpvov, sternum]. Beside or near the ster-
urine. num. P. Line, the imaginary vertical line
Pararhotacism {^par-ahro'-tas-izni'). See midway between the margin of the sternum
Rhotacism. and the line passing through the nipple. P.
Pararthria [par-ar^-lhre ah) \jTapd, beside; Region, the region between the sternal mar-
apOfjov, articulation]. A disorder of articu- gin and the parasternal line.
late speech. Parathyroid ( par-ah-thi'-roid')\TTapd,\ift%\A&;
Parasigmatism (par-ah-sig'-ntatizm) \_-apa, fiiyjfof, a shield eWof like] ;I. Lying be-,
.
be.side(Tt}//a,'the letter fj.

; inability to The side the thyroid gland. 2. An accessory
pronounce s or sh, another letter, as /', being thyroid gland.
substituted. Paratoloid ^pnr-ah'-to-loid^. Synonym of
Parasinoidal par-ah-sin-oi' -dal^ [rrapa, be-
{
Tabercultn.
side ainti;, sinus].
; Lying near or along a Paratonia {par-ahto'-ne-ah) [rrapd. beside ;
cerebral sinus. P. Spaces, the e.xpansion rdi'of, stretching]. Overextension ; exces-

of the cerebral veins just before emptying sive tension.
into the superior longitudinal sinus. Paratrichosis [par-ah-trik-o^-sis) [rrapd, be-
Parasite [pa>-'-ah-sit) [ :ra/ja, near; clro^, side ; ff/jff, hair]. A
condition in which the
I. An animal or vegetable living hair is either imperfect in growth or develops
food].
upon or within another organism, termed the in abnormal places.
host. The most important classes of animal Paratrimma {par-ahtrim'-aJi')\_-apd, along ;
parasites of man are the following :

(.\) Pro- Tplj3Eii', to rul)]. Intertrigo.
tozoa, unicellular organisms, as the Plasmod- Paratyphlitis {^par-ah-iif-li'-tis) \_-npd, be-
ium malarite; the Amoeba coli. (B) Metazoa, yond; blind; iTiq, inflammation].
ri'9Aof,
multicellular organisms, as {a) The Vermes, Inflammation of the connective tjssue behind
or worms, including the Trematodes, the most the cecum.
important of which are the Di.stomas the Ces- ;
Paraxanthin ^par-ah-zan'-thi]i) \j:apd, be-
todes, Trenice or tape-woinii, including Trenia yond; fai'^Wr,
yellow], C-Hj,Nj0.2. Dimeth-
solium. Taenia mediocanellata or saginata. ylxanthin, a crystalline leukomain occur-
Taenia echinococcus, and Bothriocephalus ring in normal urine, and isomeric with theo-
latus; the Nematodes, comprising Ascaris, bromin, which it resembles in its action upon
Anchylostomum, Filaria, Trichina,
O-xyuris, the organism, producing muscular rigidity,
and Trichocephalus [h) the Arthropoda,
; dyspnea, and diminution in reflex excita-
including the itch-mite, louse, flea, etc. The bility.
vegetable parasites are the bacteria and fungi, "PaxzyixsA {par-aks'-e-al) [;7apd, beside ; af«t",
q. V. In teratology, a fetus or fetal parts

2. axis]. Lying near the axis of the body.
attached to or included in another fetus. Paregoric [par-e-n-or'-ik) \_Kapi]yopiK6q, con-
Parasitic par-ah-sW -ik)\jâpa,hQ-i\AQ\ alroc,
[ soling]. I. Soothing, or assuaging. 2. .\
I. Of the nature of a parasite liv- soothing remedy, as P. Elixir, or simply
food]. ;
ing upon or in an animal or vegetable as ; paregoric, the tinctura opii camphorata.

P. bacteria, P. worms. 2. Caused by para- Pareira [par-i'-rah). The root of Chondro-
sites as P. skin-diseases.
; dendron tomentosum, of the natural order
Parasiticide {par-ah-sit'-is-id) \_ivapn, he- Menispermacece. It was formerly called P.
side ; 'ffZrof, food ; credere, \.o
kill], i. De- brava. It contains a resin, an alkaloid,
structive to parasites. 2. An agent capable pelosin, identical with berberin, a bittiT
of destroying parasites especially one de- ;
principle, a nitrogenous substance, calcium
stroying the parasites living upon or in the malate, potassium nitrate, and other salts.
skin. P. is used as a diuretic in calculous pyelitis ;
Parasitism (^par' -ah-si-tizm) \jvapa, beside; in cystitis ; and has also been employed in
PARENCEPHALON PAROTITIS
leukonhea, rheumatism, and dropsy, and in Parietosphenoid [par - i - et - o -

sfe'
-
ncid')
Brazil in the treatment of snake-bite. \_paries, wall ; (7<fi'/i', wedge ; f/dof, like].
Decoctum pareira fluidimi (B. P.). Dose Pertaining to the parietal and sphenoid
f_^j-ij (32.0-64.0). Extractum pareira; bones.
(13. P.). Dose gr. x-xx (0.65-1.3). Ex- Parietosquamosal {par -
i- et-o - skwa ino'- -
tractum pareirre fluidum (U. S. P.). Dose sal paries, a wall sqiiatua, a scale]. Of or
) \ ;
f^ss-f^j (2.0-4.0). Extractum pareirre pertaining to the parietal bone and the squa-
liquiduni (1>. P.). Dose {^] (4-o). mous portion of the temporal bone. P.
Parencephalon i^par-en-sef'-al-oii) \Txnpa, Suture, a suture between the squamous ]ior-
beside; brain]. The cerebeUum.
i} /i:f'â/of,
tion of the temporal bone and the parietal
Parencephalus {par-en-sef'-al-us) [;ra/j«, bone.
beside h/KtcpaAo^, brain],
; congenital A Parietotemporal {par-i-et-o-teni'- po-ral)
malformation of the brain. See Porenceph- \_paries, a wall tevipora, the temples]. Per-
;
altis. taining to the parietal and temporal bones.

Parenchyma [par-eng^-kim-ah) \_7rapn, be- P. Suture, the suture between the parietal
side ; pour in].
f},i;fn', The essential or
to and temporal bones.
specialized part of an organ, as distinguished Paris Green, Cu(C2H30.J.^.3Cu(AsO.^)2.
from the supporting connective tissue. Acetoarsenite of copper, a poisonous substance
Parenchymatous [par-eng-kim^ -at-us ,
or used in the arts and for the destruction of the
par-eng-ld' -niat-us) [Tropa, beside kyxfw, ; potato-bug.
to pour in] Pertaining to, or affecting the Parkinson's Disease. See Paralysis agit-
parenchyma. P. Degeneration, cloudy ans.
swelling. P. Inflammation, iiiHammation Paronychia {par-o-nik' -e-ah^ [Trn/id, beside ;
of the parenchyma, as distinguished from bvvt, nail].An inflammation of the flexor

that of the interstitial tissue. tendons and tendinous sheaths of the fingers ;
Parepididymis {^par-ip-c-did'-im-is). See whitlow.

Paradidymis. Paroophoron [par-o-off^-o-ron) [-n/w, be-
Paresis [pai-^-es-is) \_-napa,
from ; Uvnt, to side uor, an egg; (pepeiv, to bear].
;
The
letgo]. A
slight paralysis incomplete ;
loss persistent tubules of the posterior part of the
of muscular power. P., General. See Wolffian body in the female, corresponding
Paralysis, General. to the organ of Giraldes in the male.
Paresthesia [par-es-t/te'-ze-ah) \_-apa, be- Parosmia [par-oz'-nie-a/i)\_-apd, aside baj.i7], ;
side; (naOtinii;, sensation]. I. Morbid or smell]. A perversion' of the sense of smell.

perverted sensation, as numbness, formication, Parostitis [par-os-ti'-tis] [Trnpd, near bcteov, ;
" 2. 'iô. lione iTiq, inflammation]. Inflammation of

pins-and-needles." Acroparesthesia. ;
Paresthetic {par-es-thet'-ili) [mrpd, beside ;

the outer surface of periosteum.
cnalhjni^, sensation]. Pertaining to, affected Parostosis {par- os-to' -sis) [77(7/30, beside ;
with, or characterized by paresthesia. onrtiiv, bone]. The abnormal formation of
Paretic (/<-z;'-<?/'-//J') [ira/jd, beside; Uvai, to bone outside of the ]ieriosteum, or in the con-
let go]. Pertaining to, or affected with par- nective tissue surrounding the periosteum.
esis. P. Dement, a person suffering from Parotid (/(?r-(?/^-?V/)[7r«pd, near; ol%, ear].
paretic dementia. P. Dementia. See 1. Situated near the ear. as the P. Gland.
2. Pertaining to or affecting the
Paralysis, General. parotid gland.
Pareunia (par-w'-ne-a/i) [Trapd, beside ; e'vvr/, P. Abscess, an abscess of the parotid gland ;
bed]. Coitus. The term is sometimes also applied to abscess

Paridrosis par-id-ro'-sis') [Trapd, beside ;
(
of the lymphatic gland lying upon the paro-
«5/jwf,sweat]. Any abnormal condition of tid. P. Gland, one of the salivary glands
the secretion of sweat. situated in front of and below the external
Parietal { par-i^-ct-al) \_paries, wall]. I. ear. It is a compound racemose gland and
Forming or situated on a wall, as the P. secretes saliva containing ptyalin, a globulin-
layer of the peritoneum. 2. Pertaining to, or like body, potassium sulphocyanid, a trace
in relation with the parietal bone of the skull, of urea, and mineral salts. Its dnct is
as the P. foramen, P. lobe of the brain. known as Stensen's duct.

P. Cells, cells found in the periphery of Parotiditis {par-ot-id-i' -tis). See Parotitis.
the peptic glands of the stomach, immediately Parotitis {par-o-ti'-tis) [rrftpd, beside ovq, ;
beneath the basement-membrane. Their ear; ^r^f, inflammation]. Inflammatiofi of the

function is supposed to be the secretion of parotid gland, especially the specific infectious
hydrochloric acid. disease known as mumps the name is also ;
Parietooccipital [par-i-ef-o-ok-sip'- ii-al) given to inflammation of the lymphatic gland

\_paries, a wall occiput, the back of the
; overlying the parotid (Parotid bubo). P.,
head]. Pertaining to the parietal and occi- Metastatic, that secondary to disease else-
pital bones or lobes. where ; it occurs in infectious fevers, ag
PAROVARIAN PASTEURIZATION
typhoid fever, and usually goes on to suppu- labor by measuring the expulsive force of the
ration. uterus.
Parovarian i^par-o-va' -re-ati) [Trapa, beside; Parturition ( par
tu rish'- un) [parttiri/io,
- -
ovarium, ovary]. I. Situated near the ixowxpart iir ire, to bring forth]. The act of
ovary. Pertaining to the parovarium.
2. giving birth to young. See Labor.
Parovarium ^par-o-va' -7-e-tim') [Trapa, be- Partus {pai-'-ttis) \_parere, to bring forth].
side; crvz/vV/w, ovary]. The remnant of the The bringing forth of offspring labor. P, ;
Wolffian body of the female; the organ of caesarius, Cesarean section. P. difficilis,
RosenniiiHer. dystocia. P. immaturus, premature labor.
Paroxysm beside;
i^par' -oks-izni) [;ra/)a, P. maturus, labor at term. P. praecipita-
hi,'vvELv^
to sharpen]. The periodic increase tus, precipitate labor. P. siccus, dry labor.
or crisis in the progress of a disease a sud- ;
Parulis { par-n' -lis) \r:apa, near; ovJov, the
den attack, a sudden reappearance of symp- gum]. Abscess of the gum gum-boil. ;
toms, or a sudden increase in the intensity of Paruria {^par-u'-re-ah) \jr:a\>d, beside iirina, ;
existing symptoms. urine]. Abnormality in the excretion of the

Paroxysmal [par-oks-iz^-??ial) [iTapd, be- urine.
side b^vveiv, to sharpen].
; Of the nature Parvolin (/flr''-z/(7-//«), CgHjgN. i. A syn-
of or resembling a paroxysm ; occurring in thetic liquid base. 2. A ptomain isomeric
paroxysms. with it, occurring in decomposing hsh and
Parrot-beak Nails. Nails that are curved horseflesh.
strongly anteroposteriorly, like the beak of Parvule i^par' -viil) [^parvus, small]. A
the parrot. small pill, or pellet.
Parrot's Disease. Syphilitic pseudoparaly- Passage [^pas'-dj) \_passare, to pass]. I. A
sis. See Diseases, Table of. channel. 2. The act of from one
jiassing
Parrot's Nodes. See Signs and Symptoms^ place to another. 3. The introduction of an
Table of. instrument into a cavity or channel. 4. An
Parry's Disease. Exophthalmic goiter. evacuation of the bowels. P., False, a false
Pars {parz) [L.]. part. A
P. ciliaris channel, especially one made by the unskil-
retinae, the part of the retina in front of the ful introduction of an instrument into the
ora serrata. urethra.
Parsley [pais'-le) [-iT/jor, rock ; oclivov, a Passion [pash' iin) \_passio, from pati, to
kind of parsley]. The Apium petroselinum, suffer]. I. Pain; suffering; as iliac P., a
a plant of the order Umbelli ferae, containing synonym of volvulus. 2. An intense emo-
a volatile oil. From the seed a peculiar oily tion of the mind intense sexual excitement.
;
liquid, termed apiol [q.v.),\'i obtained. The Passive lypas'-iv) \_pati, to suffer]. Not ac-
root is used in renal diseases and dropsy the ;
tive ;
not performed or produced by active
juice of the fresh herbs and the seeds are efforts, but by causes coming from without.
employed as antiperiodics apiol is an era- ;
P. Congestion, congestion due to retention
menagogue. of blood in a part, and not to an active flow
Parson's Disease. Exophthalmic goiter. of blood toward the part. P. Immunity.
Parthenium (par-the'-ne-u»i) \jxapBkvoq, a See Immunity. P. Motion, the movement
virginj. A
genus of herbs of the order Com- produced by external agency, and not by the
positix;. P. hysterophorus contains parthenic person himself.
acid and several alkaloids, one of- which, Passula {pas'-u-lah) [L.]. A raisin.
called parthenin, seems to be the active Paste (past) pasta ; \_ Trdor//, mess ; niiaaeiVf
princi|")le of the plant and has been used as to sprinkle]. iVny soft, sticky substance, es
an antipyretic and antineuralgic. P. integ- pecially a mixture of starch or flour and
rifolium, ]>rairie dock, a jierennial plant of water. P., Arsenical, a caustic paste con-
the Southern U. S., is used as an antiperiodic. taining arsenic. P., Canquoin's. See Can-
Parthenogenesis par - then - -jen'- es - is)
( quoin's Paste. P., London-, a mixture of
[-apWii'of, a virgin ; ykvzaiq, a begetting] The .
equal parts of sodium hydrate and slaked lime,
development of an organism from an u!i fer- moistened with alcohol. P., Vienna-, a
tilized ovum. mixture of potassium hydrate and caustic
Partridge -berry See Ganilher ia procum- lime moistened wdth water.
bcns. Pasteur's Fluid or P. 's Liquid [Louis Pas-
Parturient [par-hi'-re-ent) \_parfHrire, to teur, French scientist]. An artificial liquid
3..
bring fortli]. I. Being in labor; giving for the cultivation of bacteria,composed of

birth ;
as a P. woman. 2. Traversed during water loo parts, crystallized sugar 10 parts,
birth, as the P. canal. carbonate of ammonium and ashes of yeast,
Parturiometer [par-tu-re-om'-et-er) \_par- each I jiart.
turire, to bring forth; /xerpov, measure]. An Pasteurization { pas-fur-i-za' -shun) [Louis
instrument for determining the progress of Pasteur, a French scientist]. The process
PASTIL PEARL
of checking fermentation in milk, wine, and science that treats of the modifications of
other organic fluids by heating them to 60° function and changes in structure caused by
or 70° C. disease. P., Cellular, pathology that makes
Pastil, Pastille [pas' -til, pas-til' ) [dim. of the cell the basis of all vital phenomena,
I. A small mass composed of and teaches that every cell is derived from a
/(/.f/";/, paste].
aromatic substances and employed in fumi- preexisting parent-cell. P., Comparative,
gation. 2. A troche. a study of pathologic processes in lower
Patch [Low Ger. //a/'/v.aspot]. An irregu- animals, for purposes of tracing resemblances
lar spotor area. P., Mucous. One of and differences among them and between
the characteristic lesions of syphilis, occur- them and those of the human body. P.,
ring in the so-called secondary stage, and Experimental, the study of pathologic pro-
appearing as a whitish papule or patch on cesses artificially induced in lower animals.
mucous membranes and at mucocutaneous P., General, that department of pathology
junctions. It is also called mucous papule which takes cognizance of those morbid
and condyloma latum. P., Opaline. See processes that may be observed in various
Opaline. Payer's Patches. See Glands, diseases and in any organ, e. g., inflamma-
Peyer' s. tion, hypertrophy. P., Geographic, path-
Patella [pat-el' -ah) [dim. oi patina, a shal- ology in its relation to climatic and geo-
low dish]. The knee-pan, a small, round graphic conditions. P., Humoral, the old
sesamoid bone in front of the knee, developed doctrine that disease is due to abnormal con-
in the tendon of the quadriceps extensor ditions of the blood. It has been revived
femoris muscle. in recent times in a modified form, and is
Patellar [pat-el' -ar) \_patitia, a shallow dish]. now based on the theory that both immunity
Pertaining to the patella. P. Reflex, or P. and susceptibility to disease reside in the
Tendon-reflex. See Knee-jerk and AV- juices of the body. P., Special, that treat-
flexes. Table of. ing of changes in function and structure oc-
Patency pa' -ten-se)\_patere, to stand open].
[ curring in special organs, e. g., pneumonia.
The state of being open openness. ; P., Surgical, the pathology of diseases
Pathetic [path-et'-ik) [^TraOrfviKOc irdOoq, : treated by the surgeon.
disease]. Arousing jiity indicating sad-; Pathophobia [path-o-fo'-bc-ah) \_~ddriq, dis-
ness or sorrow appealing
; that which ap- ; ease; ^6'ôq, fear]. Exaggerated dread of
peals to or stirs the passions applied to the ;
disease.
fourth cranial nerve (P. nerve), which inner- Patient [ pa'-shent) [pati, to suffer]. A
vates the P. muscle (Patheticus, superior person under the care of a physician a sick ;
olilique) of the eye, by which the eye is

person.
rolled outward and downward. Paullinia [paw-lin'-e-ah). See Guarana.
Pathetism [path' -et-izni) [-dôf, disease]. Paulocardia [pazv-lo-kar'-de ah) [navAa,
Hypnotism. ]muse tcapSla, heart].
;
A
subjective sensa-
Pathoanatomy [path-o-an-at'-o-me) {jradoq, tion of intennission or momentary stoppage
disease; (jraro////, a cutting up]. Pathologic of the heart-beat.
anatomy. Pavement-epithelium. Epithelium consist-
Pathogenesis [path-o-jen' -es-is) \_-adoq, dis- ing of flattened scale-like cells fitted to-
ease ytvvav, to beget]
; The origin or de-
.
gether by their edges like the tiles of a pave-
velopment of disease. ment.
Pathogenic, Pathogenetic [path-o-j'en'-ik, Pavilion [pa-vil' -yon) \^papilio, & butterfly;
path-o-jen-et'-ik) [iraOo^, disease ; -/nwav, to a tent]. The expanded extremity of a canal
Producing disease. P. Microor- or tube, as the P. of the ear —
the auricle;
beget].
ganism, one that when introduced into the the P. of the Fallopian tube —
the fimbriated
system causes disease. extremity of the Fallopian tube.
Pathognomonic [path-og-no-mcn'-ik) [:rd- Pavor [pa'-vor) [L.]. Fright; fear. P.
iioQ, disease; ya'w//a)7', judge]. Characteristic nocturnus, night-terrors.
of a disease, distinguishing it from other Pavy's Disease. Intermitting or recurrent
diseases. albuminuria.
Pathologic [path-o-loj'-ik] \jTadoq, disease ; Pawpaw. See Papaya.
\6yoq, science]. Pertaining to pathology; Pearl [perl) [Fr. perle, from L. pirtila, a
.
,
pertaining to disease. P. Anatomy. See little pearl]. In pharmacy, a small hollow

Anatomy. P. Histology, the microscopic glass body containing a dose of a volatile
study of diseased tissues. liquid medicine, as a P. of amyl nitrite.
Pathologist [path-ol'-o-jist) [-dftif , disease ;
P. -disease, tuberculosis of serous mem-
/Idyof, science]. One versed in pathology. branes in the lower animals, especially
Pathology [path-ol'-o-j'e) [irdfôf, disease ; cattle, so-called on account of the most
Aoyoc. science]. The branch of medical manifest lesion, the pearly nodules or tumors,
PEARLY BODY PELARGONIC ACID
which are often pendulous. P., Epider- ped-at'-ro-fe) \_~ai^, child; atrop/iy']. I.
mic, P., Epithelial, one of the spheroid Any wasting disease of childhood. 2. Tabes
concentric masses of epitheUal cells often mesenterica.
seen in hard papillomata, in squamous epi- Pederasty [ped'-er-as-te) [7ra?f, boy; epdeiv,
theliomata, and in cholesteatomata they are ;
to love]. Sexual intercourse through the anus.
also called pearly bodies. Pediatrics, Pediatry (^pe-de-af -riks pe' -de- ,
Pearly Body. See Pearl, EpitheUal. at-re) child

[7ra7f, larpia, therapeutics].
;
Pebrine [peb'-rin) [Fr.]. An infectious epi- The branch of medicine dealing with the
demic disease of silkworms. diseases of children.
Pecquet, Cistern of, or Reservoir of. The Pedicle {ped'-ikl) \_pcdiculHS, dim. o{ pes^
receptaculum chyli. foot]. I. A slender process acting as a foot
Pecten (^pek'-ten) \_pecten, a comb]. The os or stem, as the P. of a tumor. 2. Of a ver-
pul)is. tebra, the portion of bone projecting back-

Pectin i^pek'-titi) congealed].
[7r7/«:rdf,
A ward from each side of the body and con-
while amorphous carbohydrate contained necting the lamina with the body.
in ripe fleshy fruits and in certain roots, Pediculation { pe-dik-u-hd-s/tun) \_pedicu-
and believed to be formed from the pectose lus, louse]. The state of one suffering from
found in unripe fruits by the action of acids. pediculosis.
It is also called vegetable jelly. Pediculophobia {pe-dik-u-lo-fo^-be-ah) \_pe-
Pectinate {pek'-tin-dt) [peeteit, a comb]. dicitlus, louse ; (pofio^. fear] . Morbid dread
Arranged like the teeth of a comb. P. of lice.
Ligament, tibers of connective tissue at the Pediculosis {pe dik u - - -

lo' -
sis) \_pediculus,
angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, be- louse]. Lousiness; a skin-affection charac-
tween the iris and the cornea. P. Muscles, terized by the presence of pediculi or lice.
the musculi pectinati, muscular ridges in the Pediculus {pe- dik' - u - lus) \_pediculus, a
auricles of the heart. louse]. A small parasitic hemipterous insect,
Pectineal pektin-e'-al) \_peeten, a comb].
(
the louse. P. capitis, the head-louse. P.
1. Coinb-sliaped. 2. Pertaining to the pec- corporis, the body-louse. P. vestimenti.
ten or OS pubis. P. Line, that part of the Synonym of P. corporis. .^^
ileopectineal line found on the os pubis. Pediluvium (ped - il - u' - ve - um) \_pes, foot ;
Pectineus (^pek-tin-e'-us). See Muscles, Table lavare, to wash]. A foot-bath.
of. Peduncle [pe'-duitg-kl) [^pedunculus, dim.
Pectiniform [pek-fin'-if-orm) [^pecten, a o{ pes, foot]. A
narrow part acting as a
comb; forvia, a form]. Comb-shaped. support. P., Cerebral, the crus cerebri. P.,
Pectoral i^pek' -to-ral) \_pecius, breast]. I. Inferior Cerebellar, one of two bands of
Pertaining to the chest, as the P. muscles. white matter passing up from the medulla
2. Useful in diseases of the chest. 3. A oblongata, connecting the medulla with the
remedy useful in diseases of the chest. cerebellum, and forming the lower lateral
See Muscles, P., Middle
- tor - a' - wall of the fourth ventricle.
Pector^lis (pe/e lis).
Table of. Cerebellar, one of the bands of white matter
joining the pons and the cerebellum. P. of
- -
Pectoriloquy [pek-tor- il' kwe) \_pectus,
breast loqui, to speak]. The distinct trans-
;
the Pineal Gland, a delicate white band
mission of articulate speech to the ear on passing forward from each side of tiie pineal
auscultation. It may be heard over cavities gland along the edge of the third ventricle.
in the lung, over areas of consolidation near P., Posterior Cerebellar. Synonym of
a large bronchus, over a pneumothorax when P., Inferior Cerebellar. P., Superior Cere-
the opening in the lung is patulous, and over bellar, one of the two bands of white matte
some pleural effusions. P., Whispering, that pass from the cerebellum to the testes ol
the transmission of the whispered words to the corpora quadrigemina.
the auscultathig ear. The sounds seem to Peduncular {ped-ung' -ku-lar) \_pedunculiis,
emanate directly from the spot auscultated. dim. oi pes, foot]. Pertaining to a pedun-
Pectose [pek'-tos) [nriKToq, congealed]. A cle.
compound occurring in unripe fruits, and Pedunculate, Pedunculated {ped-tnig'-ku-

giving rise to pectin. Idt, ped-uiio-' -ku-la-tcd) \_pcdunculus, dim.
Pectus (pek^-tus) \_ pectus, breast]. The of pes, foot]. Having stalked.
a peduncle ;
chest, or breast. P. carinatum, keeled Pelada {pel' -a-dali) [Fr.]. Alopecia of the
breast, pigeon-breast ; a narrow chest pro- scalp.
jecting anteriorly in the region of the Pelargonic Acid [pel-ar-gon'-ik) \j:z'Xap-)l)q,
sternum. a stork], C'ylI,jÔ.^. A monobasic crystalline
Pedal {pe'-dal) \_pes, foot]. Pertaining to acid obtained from the essential oil of Pelar-
the foot. gonium roseum and from other oils. It is
Pedatrophia, Pedatrophy {pcdat-ro'-fe-ah, employed in the flavoring of wines.

PELIOSIS PELVIS
Peliosis ^pel-e-o'-sis) [7re/l/of, livid]. Pur- basin or basin-shaped cavity, as the P. of the
pura. P. rheumatica, purpura rheumatica ; kidney. 2. The bony ring formed by the two
a disease characterized by a purpuric rash, innominate bones and the sacrum and coccyx.
with arthritis and fever. 3.The cavity bounded by the bony pelvis.
Pellagra {pel-a'-grah) [Trt/./'.a,
skin ; aypa, The pelvis consists of two parts, the true P.
seizure]. A disease occurring in Italy, and the false P., which are separated by the
Southern France, and Spain, and attributed ileopectineal line. The entrance of the true
to the use of diseased maize. It is charac- pelvis, corresponding to this line, is known
terized in the early stages by debility, spinal as the inlet or superior strait ; the outlet or
pains,and digestive disturbances; later ery- inferior strait, is bounded by the symphysis
thema develops, with drying and exfoliation pubis, the tip of the coccyx, and the two
of the skin. In severe cases various nervous ischia. In measuring the pelvis the car-
manifestations arise, such as spasms, ataxic dinal points of Capuron are used as land-
paraplegia, and mental disturbances. In marks. They are the two ileopectineal emi-
cases presenting ataxic paraplegia the spinal nences and the two sacroiliac joints. P.
cord has shown combined posterior and aequabiliter justo major, one equally en-
lateral sclerosis. P. is also known as Lom- larged in all diameters. P. aequabiliter
bardian leprosy. justo minor, a pelvis with all its diameters
Pellet {pd'-et) \_pila, ball]. A small pill. reduced below the normal. P., Axis of
Pelletierin {pel-et'-e-er-in), CgHi^NO. A (of itilet or outlet), a perpendicular to the
li(juid alkaloid obtained together with an iso- middle of the anteroposterior diameter. P.,
meric body, isopelletierin, also a liquid alka- Beaked, one in which the pubic bones are
loid, from pomegranate-bark. It is used as a compressed laterally so as to approach each
teniafuge, chiefly in the form of the tannate. other, and are pushed forward a condition
;
Dose Yzio 1 gr. {0.032-0.13). seen in osteomalacia. P., Brim of, the en-
Pellicle {pel'-ikl) {^pellis, skin]. A thin trance to the pelvic cavity, called the inlet,
membrane, scum, or cuticle.
film, superior strait, margin, or isthmus. P., Diam-
Pellitory [pel'-it-or-e). See Pyrethrum. eters of, imaginary lines drawn between
Pelvic [pel'-vik) [pelvis, a basin]. Pertaining certain bony points. («) Of the inlet: the
to the pelvis. P. Abscess, a suppurative anteroposterior (sacropubic, or conjugate),
inflammation of the connective tissue of the from the upper edge of the promontory of
pelvic cavity, most common in women, and the sacrum to a point an eighth of an inch be-
usually associated with puerperal or gonor- low the upper border of the pubic symphysis ;
rheal infection. P. Arch. Same as/*. Girdle. it measures II cm. ; the transverse, from side
P. Cellulitis, inflammation of the connective to side at the widest point, measuring 13^
tissue of the pelvis. P. Girdle, the arch cm. ;
the oblique (right and left), measuring
formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis, or 12 3^ cm. [l>)
Of the outlet the antero-
;
in the higher vertebrates by the two innomin- posterior, from the tip of the coccyx to the
ate bones. P. Index, the relation of the subpubic ligament, measuring 9'-^ cm.; the
anteroposterior to the transverse diameter of transverse, between the ischial tuberosities,
the pelvis. P. Inlet, the superior strait. P. measuring II cm. ;
the oblique, from the
Outlet, the inferior strait. P. Region, the under surface of the sciatic ligaments to the
region within the true pelvis. junction of the ischiopubic rami. P., Floor
Pelvimeter pel-vim' -et-er) [pdvis, pelvis
{ ; of, the mass of skin, connective tissue, mus-
[lerpof, measure]An instrument for measur-
.
cles, and fascia forming the inferior bound-
ing the pelvic dimensions. ary of the pelvis. P., Justo major. See
9&\w\ra.&Xry {pel-vim' -et-}-e) \^pelvis, pelvis; P. crquahiliter justo major. P., Justo
/lirpor, measure]. The measurement of the minor. See P. crqnabiliter justo minor. P.,
dimensions of the pelvis. Kyphotic, one characterized b}' increase of
the conjugate diameter of the inlet, but de-
Table of Measurements of the Female crease of the transverse diameter of the out-
Pelvis Coveued by the Soft Parts.
Between iliac spines 26 cm. let, through approximation of the tuberosities
"
Between iliac crests, 29
of the ischium. P., Naegele's Oblique, a
External conjugate diameter "
205^ " pelvic deformity with ankylosis of one sacro-
Internal conjugate diagonal, .... 12^ " iliac synchondrosis, lack of development of
True conjugate, estimated 11
22
" the associated lateral sacral mass, and other
Right diagonal
''
Left diagonal, 22 defects that distort the diameters and render
Between trochanters, "
31 the conjugate oblique in direction.
Circumference of pelvis, " P.,
90
Obliquity of, P., Inclination of, the angle
Pelviperitonitis {pel-ve-per-e-ton-i' -lis) [pel- between the axis of the pelvis and that of the
vis : Pelvic peritonitis. body. P., Osteomalacic, a distorted pelvis
peritonitis'].
Pelvis [pel' -vis) \_pelvis,a basin]. I. A characterized by a lessening of the transverse
PELVIS PELVIS
Female Pelvis, Seen from the Front.
Female Pelvis, Viewed in the Axis of the Brim.

Showing the diameters of the superior strait.
Outlet of Pelvis.
Anteroposterior and transverse diameters of outlet seen from below.
PELVIS PELVIS
Male Pelvis, Seen from the Front.
Infantile Pelvis, Viewed in the Axis of the Brim.

Oblique Pelvis.
of the right leg.
From ankylosis of the hip-joint and disuse
Oblique Pelvis of Naegele.
Reniform Rachitic Pelvis.

PELVIS PELVIS
Figure-of-eight Rachitic Pelvis.
Transversely Contracted Pelvis of Robert.
Rostrated Malacosteon rcj\ in

is Early Stage of Deformity.
PEMPHIGOID PEPPER
and oblique diameters, with great increase Wound, one that pierces the wall of a cavity
of the anteroposterior diameter. P., Planes or enters into an organ.
of, imaginary surfaces touching all points of Penetration {
pen-e-tra'-shu)i) \_penetrart',K.n
the circumference. The plane of [)elvic ex- pierce]. I. ihe act of penetrating or pier-
2. Of a microscope, the focal
pansion perforates the middle of the sym- cing into.
physis, the tops of the acetabula,
and the depth. 3. The entrance of the penis into the
sacrum between the second and third verte- vagina.
bn'e. Its anteroposterior diameter is 123^;^ Penicillium {pen-is-W -e-ui>i) \_penicillus, a
cm., its transverse diameter is 12 j^ cm. brush]. A
genus of fungi, of which the P.
The plane of pelvic contraction passes glaucum, or common blue mold, is a familiar
through the tip of the sacrum, the spines of example.
the ischia and the under surface of the sym- Penile ^pe'-nil) \_penif\. Pertaining to the
physis. Its anteroposterior diameter is ii "2 penis.
cm. ;
its transverse diameter is 10^ cm. Penis {pe'-nis) [L.]. The male organ of
P., Rachitic, one characterized by a sink- copulation. It consists of the corpus spongi-
ing in and forward of the sacrovertebral osum, enclosing the urethra, the two corpora
angle, with a flaring outward of the iliac cavernosa, largely composed of erectile tissue,
crests and increased separation of the iliac and the glans.
spines. P., Robert's, one in which there is Penitis i^pe-ni' -tis) [penis, penis ; inq, in-
an ankylosis of both sacroiliac joints, with a flammation]. Inflammation of the penis.
rudimentary sacrum, both lateral sacral masses Penniform [ pen' -if-o>-nt) \_penna, feather;
being undeveloped, the oblique and trans- forma, form]. Shaped like a feather; said
verse diameters being much narrowed. P., of certain muscles.
Simple Flat, one in which the only deformity Pennyroyal [pen-e-roi'-al). ?>e:G Pledeorna.
consists in a shortening of the anteroposterior Pennyweight { pen' -e-7vat) [AS., pening,
diameter. P. spinosa, a rachitic pelvis in penny; zvegan, weigh]. A weight of 24
which the crest of the pubis is very sharp, grains.
and presents a spine at the insertion of the Pentad i^pen'-tad) [TfiTf, five]. An ele-
psoas parvus. P., Split, a form in which ment or radicle having a valence of five.
there is congenital separation of the pubic Pentamethylendiamin { pen-laJi-nieth-il-en-

bones at the symphysis. It is often asso- di-a?n'-in). See Cadaverin.
ciated with exstrophy of the bladder. Pentane {pen' -tan') [Treirf, five], C^Hj^.
Pemphigoid (/67«'-/f^-(7/t/) [KEiKpi^, blister; The fifth member of the paraffin-series of hy-
tJ(5(H-, Resembling or having the drocarbons. It is a liquid and occurs in
like].
nature of pemphigus. naphtha.
Pemphigus a blister].
[^peiii'-fig-us) [^rrificpii,
Pentavalent {pen-tav' -al-ent\ [Trevre, five ;
An acute or chronic disease of the skin char- valois, having power]. Quinquivalent.
acterized by the appearance of bulke or blebs. Pentene [pen' ten) [TvevTe, five], CjHjq.
Two principal varieties are described. P. Amylene, one of the olefin-series of hydro-
vulgaris, and P. foliaceus. P. vulgaris is carbons.
usually chronic, the blebs appearing in suc- Pentose {pen'-tds) [-hre, five]. Any one
cessive crops ; on healing they leave a pig- of a class of carbohydrates containing five
mented spot. Itching and pain may be pres- atoms of carbon. The pentoses are not fer-
ent. P. foliaceus, is a rare form character- mentable, and on boiling with dilute hydro-
ized by crops of flaccid blebs containing a tur- chloric acid yield furfurol, C^^HÔ.^.
bid fluid. The disease is usually of long Pentosuria [pen-to-sii'-re-ak) \_penlose ; ur-
duration but eventually ends fatally. The ina, urine]. The presence of pentose in the
cause of P. is not definitely known. Other urine. Urine containing pentose reduces
forms of P. are: P. neonatorum, an Fehling's solution, but does not ferment.
acute form of P. occurring in infants and Pepper \_ piper,
from Skt. pippala\ Th^
supposed to be due to a microorganism. P. fruitof various species of Pijier, of theordc.
syphiliticus, a bullous eruption due to Piperacece. P., Black, is the Piper of U.
syphilis. P. vegetans, Neumann's dis- S. P. (Piper nigrum of B. P.). It contains
ease, an affection characterized by sore a neutral principle jiiperin (Piperinum, U. S.

mouth, followed by some form of dermatitis P.), an acrid resin, and a volatile oil, and is
attended by vesication and followed by paji- used as a condiment and as a carminative
illary growths, gradual emaciation, and ileath. stimulant, and to a slight extent is antiperi-
Pendjeh Sore. See Fiirunctdtts orientalis. odic. Dose gr. v-xx (0.32-1.3). Oleo-
Pendulous (/^«''-a'«-//«) \^pe7ide7-e, to hang]. resina piperis. Dose n\, ^-j (0.016-0.065).
Hanging down loosely. Piperinum. Dose gr. j-vj (0.065-0.4). P.,
Penetrating {pen'-e-tra-ting) pen e/rare, to \_ White, resembles black pepper but is less
pierce]. Entering beyond the surface. P. active.

PEPPERMINT PERFLATION
Peppermint. See Mentha. Peptonuria [pep-to iiu'-re-ak) [-EirTeiv, to
Pepsin \_-ki\)iq, digebtioii]. ferment found A cook; //;-/««, urine]. The presence of pep-
in the gastric juice, and, capable of digesting tones in the urine.
proteids in the presence of
an acid. It splits Peptotoxin {pep-to-to/cs'-in) [TrtTrfn', to
albumin into antiall)umose and heniialbumose, cook; ruc//>di', poison]. A poisonous ptomain
the former of which it separates into two mole- found in peptones, and in putrefying albu-
cules of antipeptone, while the latter is acted minous substances, such as fibrin, casein,
upon by trypsin and split into two molecules brain, liver, and muscle. P., Cholera-, a
of hemipeptone. Pepsin is used in medicine toxic substance generated by the cholera-
to aid digestion. Pepsinum (U. S. P., B. bacillus, and chemically allied to peptone.
P.) is obtained from the stomach of pigs. Peracute [per-ak-ill') \_per, through; actitus,
Dose gr. x-xv (0.65-1.0). Pepsinum sharp]. Very acute.
saccharatum (U. S. P.), is pepsin mixed Perception {per-sep'-shiin) \_ per, through;
with sugar of milk. Dose gr. x— xxx (0.65— eapere, to receive]. I. The act of
receiving
2.0). Vinum pepsini (Unof.), contains impressions through the medium of the senses.
0.3 per cent, of hydrochloric acid. Dose 2. The faculty receiving such impressions.
f^ss-j ( 16.0-32.0). Perchloric Acid per- klo' -rik^\_pey, through
{ ;
_
Pepsinogen [pep-sin^ -o-Jeii) [— t'l/'/f, diges- x'/-î>oq, green], HCIO^. highest oxy- The
tion -jEVpav, to beget].
;
The antecedent acid of chlorin. It is a volatile liquid de-
substance or zymogen of pepsin, present in composing in contact with organic substances,
the cells of the gastric glands, and which and forming salts called Perchlorates.
during digestion is converted into pepsin. Percolate [per'-ko-lat) ^percolare, to strain
Peptic (/(;/^'-///t') [-ri/'ff, digestion], i. Per-
through]. I. To submit to the process of
taining to pepsin. Pertaining to diges-
2. percolation. 2. The solution obtained by
tion. P. Glands, the glands situated in the percolation.
cardiac and middle thirds of the stomach, and Percolation per-ko-la' -shun') \^percolare, to
[
secreting pepsin and hydrochloric acid. P. strain through]. The process of extracting
Ulcer, the round ulcer of the stomach, due the soluble constituents of a substance by
to erosion of the mucous membrane by the allowing the solvent to trickle through a pow-
gastric juice. dered mass placed in a long conic vessel, the
Peptogenic [pep-to-Jen'-ik) [-t-reii', to percolator.
cook; yewai), to produce]. Producing pep- Percussion {per - kiish' -
iin) [percutere, to
sin or peptones. strike through]. A
method of physical diag-
Peptone {ftp' -ton) [rrf-rEW, to cook]. A nosis applied by striking upon any part of the
proteid-body formed by the action of ferments body, with a view of ascertaining the condi-
on albumins during gastric and pancreatic tions of the underlying organs by the charac-
digestion. It may be considered a hydrated ter of the sounds elicited. P., Auscultatory,
albumin. Before the final formation of pep- percussion combined with auscultation. It is
tone, several similar intermediate compounds best performed by placing a double stethoscope
are produced, as he.mipeptone and antipep- at a fixed point and percussing gently all
tone. (See Pepsin.) Amphopeptone is a around. P., Immediate, percussion in which
mixture of these two. Propeptone or hemi- the surface is struck directly, without the inter-
albumoseis a mixture of several intermediate position of a pleximeter. P., Instrumental,
products. Parapeptone is also an intermedi- the use of a special hammer as a plexor,
ate product of digestion and is closely allied either alone or with a plate as a pleximeter.
to syntonin. Gelatin-peptone is a peptone P., Mediate, the percussion in which a
formed in the digestion of gelatin. Peptones pleximeter is used. P. -wave, the term given
are soluble, readily diffusible, are not pre- to the chief ascending wave of the sphygmo-
cijiitated by boiling, by nitric acid, or by graphic tracing.
potassium ferrocyanid ; they are precipitated Percutaneous ( per-ku -
ta' ne - its) [ per,
liy mercuric chlorid, by tannic acid, and by through ; ei/tis, the skin]. Performed through
pliosphomolybdic acid they give Millon's
; the skin, as P. faradization.
test, and the xanthoproteic and biuret reac- Pereirin {per-i'-7-in). An amorphous alka-
tions they are levorotatory.
; loid found in the bark of Geissospermum
Peptonemia [pep-to-ne'-nie-nh) [-e-ren', to l?eve. Its hydrochlorate and valerianate are
cook; niua, blood]. The presence of pep- used as antipyretics.
tone in the blood Perflation [per-fla' -shun) \_perflare, to blow
Peptonization {pep-to-ni-za' -shini) \_'ukT:TEiv, through]. I. A method of ventilation by
to cook]. The process of converting proteids which a current of air blowing against a
into peptones. dwelling is made to force its way in. 2. The
Peptonize {pep'-to-niz) [;rf;rre<v, to digest]. act of forcing air into a cavity for the purpose
To digest with pepsin ; to predigest. of evacuating fluid.
PERFORANS PERICECAL
Perforans iypcr'-for-anz) \_per, through; Pericardiac, Pericardial [per-e-kar'-de-ak,
forare, io bore]. Penetrating or perforating, per-e-kar^ -de-al) [ttc/j/,
around KapiYia, ;
a term applieil to a muscle or nerve jserforat- heart]. Pertaining to the pericardium.

iiig a part. Pericarditis i^pcr-e-kar-di' •tis)\jxfpi around; ,
Perforated ^per'-for-a-tcd) [/tv, througli ; Ktipdta, heart LTig, inflammatii)n].

; Intlam-
forare, to
bore]. Pierced througli. P. mation of the pericardium. The symptoms
Space, apart of the base of the brain pierced are slight fever, precordial pain, and tender-
with many small holes for the passage of ness, cough, dyspnea, and rapid pulse. The
blood-vessels. The anterior P. space is situ- physical signs vary
—
in the early stage there
ated on the inner side of the fissure of Syl- is a distinct friction-sound on auscultation,
vius, the posterior P. space between the cor- and sometimes a fremitus on palpation. In
pora albicantia in front, the pons behind, and the stage of effusion there is bulging of the
the crura cerebri on either side. precordia, a triangular area of dulness, tlii
Perforation i^per-for-a' -shuii) [/tf^-, through ;
base of which is downward; the heart j
I. The act of sounds are muttled.
forare, to bore]. piercing or In chronic pericarditis
boring into a part especially the piercing of
;
with adhesions there is often systolic retrac-
die fetal head during labor. 2. A hole made tion of the precordia. The causes of P. are
through a part or the wall of a cavity. rheumatism, the acute and chronic infectious
Perforating i^per' -for-a-tmg) [/er, through ; diseases, Bright's disease, and extension
yivrtri-, to bore]. Piercing. P. Ulcer. See of inflammation from neighboring parts. P.,
Ulcer. Adhesive, P. in which the two layers of peri-
Perforator {per'-fora-for') through;
\_per, cardium tend to adhere. P., Carcinomatous,
y2);'<7;v,
to bore]. An instrument for boring P. due to carcinoma of the pericardium. P.,
through the fetal skull ;
also for perforating Dry, P. without effusion. P., Fibrinous, a
other bones. form in which the membrane is covered with
Perforatus {per-for-a' -tus) [per, through; a fibrinous exudate, first soft and buttery in
forare, to bore]. Perforated, applied to a consistence, but
later organizing. P.,
muscle which is perforated by another muscle Hemorrhagic, a form in which the fluid is
or by a nerve. hemorrhagic. This is the case most often in
Perfusion [per - fu^ - shun) [/c-r, through ;
tuberculous pericarditis also in scorbutus
;
fundere, to pour]. A pouring of fluid into and in cachectic conditions. P., Localized,
or through. a form giving rise to whitish areas, the so-
Peri- [per'-e-) \_~ep'i, around]. A prefix sig- called milk-spots. P., Purulent, P. in which
nifying around, or surrounding. the effused fluid becomes purulent. P., Sero-
Perianal (/c;'-c--<;^-;/rf/) [ttc/)/, around anus, ; fibrinous, a form in which there is but little
anus]. Situated or occurring around the lymph or fibrin, but a considerable quantity
anus. of serous fluid. P., Tuberculous, P. due to
Periarteritis ( per
- e ar - ter - i' - /is) [rrepi,
-
tuberculous infection of the pericardium.
around; apr/y/j/a, artery <T(f, inflammation]. ; Pericardium (/'c'r-i?-/Jrt;-^-i/6'-//w)[-f/j/, around;
Inflammation of the external sheath of an KupiVia, heart]. The closed membranous sac
artery. P. nodosa, a thickening of the enveloping the heart. Its base is attached
arterial coats in localized areas, producing to the central tendon of the diaphragm its ;
nodular swellings. apex surrounds for a short distance the great

Periarthritis ( per
-e-ar -
thri' -
tis) {jrepi, vessels arising from the base of the heart.
around; ai>t)pov, joint; iti^, inflammation]. It consists of an outer fibrous coat, derived
Inflamination of the tissues about a joint. from the cervical fascia, and an inner serous
Periarticular i^per-e-ar-tik'-u-lar) \j^£pi, coat. The sac normally contains from 5—20
around; articulus ]o\ni\. About a joint.
, grams of clear serous liquid. The part in
Periaxial [per-e-aks'-e-al) \_-fi>i, around; contact with the heart (visceral P.) is termed
7.r/.f]. Surrounding an axis. P. Neuritis, the epicardium, the other is the parietal P.
inflammation of the myelin sheath but not of P., Bread-and-butter, a peculiar ajipear-
the axi.s-cylinder of a nerve. ance produced in fibrinous pericarditis, by
Periblast {per'-e-blast) [jrept, around ^\acs- ; the rubbing of the two surfaces of the mem-
rof, a germ]. The protoplasm surrounding brane over each other. P., Shaggy, a
the nucleus of a cell. pericardium upon which, as the result of
Peribronchial ( per -e - brong' ke - al) [tf^/, fibrinous pericarditis, thick, loose, shaggy
around; iîx'/yx'Kj bronchus]. Surrounding layers of fibrin are deposited.
a bronchus occurring about a bronchus. Pericardotomy [per-e-kar
;
dot^-o-me) \_peri-
Peribronchitis {per-e-brong-ki' -tis) {jzEpi ,
cardutm ; ro^rj, a cutting]. The operation
around (^poyxm:, bronchus triq, inflamma-
; ; of opening the pericardiimi.
mation]. Inflammation of the tissue imme- Pericecal ( per
- e - se' -ka!
) \_-fp'i,
around ;
diately surrounding the bronchi. cacus, blind]. Surrounding the cecum.

PERICHONDRITIS PERINEURIUM
Perichondritis {pcr-e-kon-dri' -tis) [Trep/, HETpov, measure]. The measuring of the
around xovdpoc, a cartilage
; lti.c, inflam- ;
field of vision.
mation]. Inflammation of the perichon- Perimyelitis ( per-e-mi-el-i'-tis) [Trep/, around ;
drium. pvfAoq, marrow inflammation]. Inflam-

; ltk;,
Perichondrium lyper-e-kon'-dre-uni) [^fp/, mation of the pia mater of the spinal cord.
around; xov6pnq, gristle; cartilage]. The Perimysium {per - e - mis' - e -
um) [nEp'i,
fibrous connective tissue covering the surface around; /ur, muscle]. The connective tissue
of cartilage. enveloping the primary bundles of muscle-
Pericorneal per-e-kor'-ne-al) [~fp', around;
{
fibers.
corneus, horny]. Surrounding the cornea. Perineal {per-e-ne'-at) \_ivepivaior, perine-

Pericranial [per-e-h'a' -ne-al) [vrcpt, around; um]. Pertaining to the perineum. P
K/jai'iov, skull]. Pertaining to the pericran- Body, the mass of tissue composed of skii,
ium. muscle, and fascia, occupying the intervi, .
'
Pericranium (pf- e - kra - ne -
u»i) [tte/j/,
between the vagina and the rectum of tlie
around ; niiai'lov, skull]. The periosteum woman. P. Cystotomy, cystotomy per-
of the skull. formed through aperineal incision. P. Fossa,
Peridectomy {per-e-dck'-to-me). Synonym the ischiorectal fossa. P. Hernia, a hernia
of Peritomy. perforating the perineum by the side of the
Peridiastole [pt-r-e-di-as'-to-le) [rrepi, around; rectum or between the rectum and the bladder
di(isto!e~\.
The pause between the systole and or the vagina. P. Section, incision through
diastole. the perineum for the relief of urethral stric-
Perididymitis (/fr- e -did im - i' //j)[7rfp/, ture, the removal of calculi from the bladder
- -
around 6l6v/Jo^, testicle

; (r/f inflamma- ; ,
or the relief of other morbid conditions.
tion]. Inflammation of the tunica albuginea Perineocele {per-e-ne'-o-sel) [Trfp/iTt/oi', peri-
testis. neum ; Av//;/, tumor]. Perineal hernia.
Periencephalitis {per-e-en-St'f-al-i'-tis)\jTtp'{, Perineoplasty {per-e-ue''0-p/as-te)\_-eph'atov,
around; i) Kf:<pa'/.ov brain; ltiq, inflamma-
, perineum nAaaaeiv, to form]. Plastic oper-
;
tion]. Inflammation of the pia mater. ation upon the perineum.

Perihepatitis per hep
(
-
e
-tis) {jifpi
- - at - i' , Perineorrhapy ( per-e-nc-or' -a-fe) [rrf/c'irt/ov,
around; ^xap, liver; iTi^, inflammation]. perineum 'pn(\>ri,
;
suture]. Suture of the
Inflammation of the peritoneum surrounding perineum, usually for the repair of a lacera-
the liver. tion caused during childbirth.
- -
Perilymph i^per' e limf) \j^tpt, around; Perineotomy [per-e-ne-ot'-o-me) [jTEpivaiov,
I'vuoa,lymph]. The fluid separating the perineum; ro//r;, a cutting]. Incision through
membranous from the osseous labyrinth of the the perineum.
ear. Perinephric {per-e-tttf-rik) [Tfp/, around ;
Perilymphatic {per e Urn -fat'- ik) \_~zp'i,

- -
veippoc, kidney]. Situated, or occurring
around ; Ai)yU^Q!, lymph]. I. Pertaining to the around the kidney, as P. Abscess.
perilymph. 2. Situated or occurring about Perinephritic {per - e -nef- rit' ik) {_~fp'i, -
a lymphatic vessel, as P. space. around; i'e</>p<5r, kidney ; ir/f, inflammation].

Perimeningitis [per-e-inen-in-ji'-tis) [^Trepi, I. Pertaining to perinephritis. 2.
Improp-
around lujit.^, membrane tri^, inflamma-
; ; erly used instead of perinephric.
tion]. Inflammation of the dura mater. Perinephritis ( per e nefri' - tis)
-
[ rrepi,
-
Perimeter {per -iin'- et - er) {j^tp'i, around; around; vtippoq, the kidney; iTiq, inflamma-
fierpov, measure]. An instrument for meas- tion]. Inflammation of the tissues surround-
uring the extent of the field of vision. It ing the kidney.
consists ordinarily of a flat, narrow metal Perineum {per-e-tte'-n/n) [Tzepivniov']. That
plate, bent in a semicircle, graduated in de- portion of the body included in the outlet of
grees, and fi.xed to an upright at its center the jjelvis, bounded in front by the pubic
by a pivot, on which it is movable. Variously arch, behind by the coccyx and great sacro
colored discs are moved along the metal sciatic ligaments, and at the sides by th,
plate and the point noted at which the per- tuberosities of the ischium. It is occupied
son, looking directly in front of him, distin- by the terminations of the rectum, the urethra,
guishes the color. and the root of the penis, together with their
Perimetritis \per-e-inet-ri' -fis)\jvepi around , ; muscles, fasciae, vessels, and nerves.
pijTpa, womb; iTir, inflammation]. Inflam- Perineuritis {p^r
- e -
nn -
ri' -
tis) ^^repi,
mation of the peritoneal covering of the around; iêiipov, nerve crig, inflammation]. ;
uterus. Inflammation of the perineurium.

Perimetrium {per e me' tre iim) - - - -
\_-epi, Perineurium {per -e-nu' re -iim) \_Trepi,
-
around îjTpa, womb]. The serous

; cover- around; vEvpov, nerve]. The connective-
ing of the uterus. tissue sheath investing a funiculus or primarj
'
Perimetry {per- im -
et- re)
\jêpi, around ;
bundle of nerve-fibers.
PERINUCLEAR PERIPORTAL
Perinuclear [per-e-nu'-kle-ar) [jrf^j/, around ;
form. Acute either traumatic or the
P. is
«//< /£"/«]. Surrounding the nucleus. result of infection the chronic is due to trau-
;
Period {pe'-re-od) [7r£/)/o(Jof, period, from matism, syphilis, tuberculosis, or actinomy-

Kepi, around; oiSof, way]. The space of cosis. In the acute there is swelling and dif-
time during which anytliing is in progress or fuse suppuration with fever and other constitu-
an event takes phxce. P., Incubation-. tional symptoms in the chronic, pain, which
;
See Incubation. P., Menstrual, P., is usually worse at night, swelling, and ten-
Monthly, the menses. derness. P. albuminosa, a mild form

Periodic [pe-rc-oJ' -ik) [7re/«'or?or, period]. of inflammation characterized by the forma-
Recurring at more or less regular intervals. tion of a clear, ropy, albuminous ]i(juid re-
Periodicity (/c? - re o dis' it c ) [ KE/jwih^,
- - -
sembling synovia. It is most common in the
period, from nepi, around; 666(;, way]. young and unaccompanied by fever. P.,
is
Recurrence at regular intervals. Hemorrhagic, P. accompanied by bleeding

Periodontal [per-e-0'don'-tnl)\_K(pi, around ;
between the periosteum and the bone.
o(5o('(,-, toolh]. Surrounding a tooth, as the P. Periostosis (per-e-os-to^-sis) [Kepi, around;
membrane, that lining the cement of a tooth. bareov, bone]. An osseous formation on the
Periodontitis [per - e o- don - ti'- tis) [jrepi,
-
exterior of a bone.
around; iiWvg, tooth; trig, inflammation]. Periotic [per-e-o'-tik) [-epi, around; ovq,
Inflammation of the periodontal membrane. Situated about the ear.
I. 2. Of or
ear].
Periodontium [pcr-e-odon'-sheutn') [Trf/j/, pertaining to the parts immediately about the
around; hi\i)vr, tooth]. The membrane sur- internal ear. 3. The petrous and mastoid
roundii^g a tooth the periodontal membrane.
; parts of the temporal bone.
PeriodQscope [per-e-od'-o skop) \_TrtpiQi)og, Peripachymeningitis [per-e - pak-e-iuendn-
period; anoTcni', to inspect]. A calendar in ji'-tis) [Kepi.,
around ; KaxvQ, thick ; fi-f/viy^,
the form of a movable dial, used in deter- membrane; inflammation].
tr/f, Inflamma-
mining the probajjle date of confinement. tion of the connective tissue between the dura
Perioophoritis [per-e-o-off-or-iZ-tis) [^nepi, mater and the bone.
Peripancreatitis [per e -pan kre at-i'-tis)
- - -
around; utir, egg; <l>opuc, bearing; iTtg, in-
flammation]. Inflammation of the perito- [Kepi, around mi'j'Kpeag, pancreas
; ; irtg, in-
neum and connective tissue covering the flammation]. Inflammation of the tissues
ovary. about the pancreas.
Perioptometry ( per-e-op-totn'-et re) [ Kepi, Peripherad [per-if'-er ad) [Kepi, around;
around; orrrof, visible; phpov, measure]. (jiepe IV, to carry; ad, toward]. Toward the
The measurement of the limits of the visual periphery.
field. Peripheral, Peripheric [per-if -er-al, per-
Periorbita f/(;'r-('-(i;-'-/'/('-(7//) [~f/)'', around; e-fer'-ik) [periphcry\ Pertaining to or
orbita, orbit]. Tiie periosteum of the eye- placed near the periphery.
socket. Peripheraphose [per-if-er-a-fos). See
Periorbital [per-e-or'-bit-al) [Kepi, around; under Phase.
orbita, orbit]. I. Surrounding the orbit. Peripherophose [per-if'-er-o-fos). See
2. Pertaining to the periorbita. under Phase.
Periosteal { per-e-os'-te-at) [Kepi, around; Periphery [per-if^-er-e) [Kepi, around;
ooTfoi',
bone]. Pertaining to the periosteum. (pepeiv, to carry]. Circumference; the ex-
Periosteitis [per-e-os-te-i' -tis). See Perios- ternal surface.
titis. Periphlebitis [per-e-fleb-i'-tis) [Kepi, around ;
Periosteotome [per-e-os' -te-o-tom ) [ 'Kepi, 0/le^, vein «nf, inflammation].

;
Inflamma-
around onTeov, bone ; Tonij, a cutting].
;
An tion of the tissues about a vein.
instrument for incising the periosteum, and Periplast [per'-e-p/ast) [Kepi, around KAaa- ;
scrajMng it from the bone. aeiv, to mold, form]. The protoplasm of a

Periosteotomy [per-e-os-te-ot' -o-me ) [Kepi, cell surrounding the nucleus cell-proto- ;
around bareov, bone ; rofirj, a cutting]. The

; plasm.
operation of incising the periosteum. Peripleuritis [per-e-plu-ri'-tis^ ['Kepi, around ;
Periosteum per-e-os' -te-uin) [Kepi, around ;

( KTievpa, rib; irig, inflammation]. Inflam-
bareov, bone]. A
fibrous membrane invest- mation of the tissues surrounding the jjleura.
ing the surfaces of bones, except at the points Peripneumonia [per-e-nii-mo' -neah) [-epi,
of tendinous and ligamentous attachment around; Kvel:fi(jv, lung]. I. Pneumonia.
and on the articular surfaces, where cartilage 2. Pleuropneumonia.
is substituted. Peripolar ( per-e-po^-lar) [Kepi, around 7r(5Aof ; ,
Periostitis [per-e-os-ti'-tis) [Ktpi around; pivot]. Surrounding a pole or the poles.

oarenv, bone; itcq, inflammation]. Inflam- Periportal (per-e-par'-tal) [Kepi, around;
mation of the periosteum. It may be acute porta, door]. .Surrounding the portal vein.
or chronic, the latter being the more frequent P, Carcinoma, a primary carcinoma devel-
35
PERIPROCTITIS PERITYPHLITIS
oping around the portal vein, beginning at its and surrounding the contained viscera. In
entrance into the liver, thence extending tracing extension we may begin at the
its
along the portal vessels to the remotest diaphragm and take two layers. From tlie
branches. diaphragm two layers of peritoneum proceed
- - - - to the liver they separate to enclose that
{^per e prok
ti'
Periproctitis tis) [TTf/w, ;
around; irpuKToc, anus; trtc, inflammation]. Organ, meet again on its under aspect, and
Inflammation of the areolar tissue about the pass on, as the gastrohepatic omentum, to the
rectum or anus. lesser curvature of the stomach. Thev em-
Perirectal iyper-e-rek'-tal') [tts/)/, around ;
brace the stomach, and, meeting again at its
rectum, rectum]. About the rectum. greater curvature, pass down in front of the
Perirenal i^per-e-re' -nal) [TTfp/,
around ; ;r«, small intestine, forming the great omentum.
kidney]. Around the kidney. They are then reflected upward as far as the
Perisalpingitis i^pcr-e-sal-pin-ji' -tis) [Trf/)/, trarsverse colon, which they enclose, meeting
around aaA-iyi,, tube iTii;, inflammation].
; ; again at the liack of the colon, and proceed-
Inflammation of the peritoneal covering of ing to the spine as the transverse mesocolon.
the Pâllopian tube. Here the two layers diverge the upper as- ;
Periscopic [per-e-skop'-ik) [jvepi,

around ;
cends in front of the pancreas to the under
OKorrslv, to see]. Designed for looking surface of the diaphragm, the starting-point.
arinmd, as a P. lens. See Lens. The lower layer is reflected from the sjiine,
Perisplenitis {per splen
- e
tis)
-
\_Tiepi,
-
i' -
over the small intestines, as the mesentery.
around an'/Jiv, spleen iTi<;, inflammation].
; ;
From the root of the mesentery it passes into
Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the the pelvis, invests the upper part of the rec-
spleen. tum, and is thence reflected on the bladder,
Perissad [per^-is-ad) [iTspiaaoQ, odd]. I. forming between the two the rectovesical
Having an odd quantivalence, as, e. g., nitro- pouch. In the woman it is reflected from
gen, the quantivalence of which is three or the rectum to the upper part of the vagina,
five. 2. An element having such a quanti- and thence over the uterus, from which it
valence. proceeds to the bladder. From the bladder
Peristalsis {per-e-sial^-sis) [~fp/, around ;
it
passes up the anterior wall of the abdomen
ara'AoK;, constriction]. A peculiar wave-like to the diaphragm. The following structures
movement seen in tubes provided with longi- are completely invested by peritoneum :
—
tudinal and transverse muscular fibers. It The stomach, liver, spleen, first portion of
consists in a narrowing and shortening of a the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse
portion of the tube, which then relaxes while colon, sigmoid flexure, the ujiper part of the
a lower portion becomes shortened and rectum and of the uterus, and the ovaries.
narrowed. By means of this movement the Peritonitis {per - e - ton - i' tis) [rrfp/rdrrt/oi',
-
contents of the tube are forced toward the peritoneum; inflammation].

<r/f,Inflamma-
opening. P., Reversed, peristaltic move- tion of the peritoneum. It may be acute or
ment opposite to the normal direction. chronic. Acute P. may be due to exposure
Peristaltic {per-e-stal'-tik') [Trep/, around; to cold and wet (Idiopathic P.), trauma-
ord/cr/f, constriction]. Pertaining to or re- tism, perforation of an abdominal viscus,
sembling peristalsis. P. Unrest, a common extension from neighboring parts, rheu-
symptom of neurasthenia, consisting in in- matism, or to Bright's disease. The symp-
creased peristaltic movements of the stomach toms are moderate lever, a wiry pulse, ab-
coming on shortly after eating, with bor- dominal pain, tenderness, and distention ;
borygmus and gurgling. the patient lies on his back with the thighs
Perisystole {per-e-sis'-to-le) [^rfpf, around ;
flexed there is vomiting and constipation.
;
avaTOAri,contraction]. The slight interval Chronic P. is due to tuberculosis, syphilis,

between the diastole and systole. carcinoma, nephritis, or it may be the
Perithelium {per-e-the' -le-nni)\jxepi, around; sequel of an acute attack. P., Adhesive,
nipple].
^///.7/, The layer of cells surround- peritonitis with adhesion between the parietal
ing the capillaries and smaller vessels. and visceral layers. P., Diffuse, that affect-
Peritomy {per-it'-o-me)\_~Epi, around; ~o^tij, ing the entire peritoneum. P., Puerperal,
a cutting]. I. The removal of a strip of that following labor, and usually due to septic
conjunctival and subconjunctival tissue from infection. P., Septic, peritonitis due to the
about the cornea for the relief of pannus. 2. microorganisms of suppuration.
Circumcision. Peritonsillar(/id';--^-/<7«''-«7-rtr)[7rfp/,
around ;
Peritoneal [per-e-ton-e^-al) \perilonetiiif\. tousilla tonsil].

, About the tonsil.
Pertaining to the peritoneum. Perityphlitis {per-e-tif-li'-tis) {jifp'i, around;
Peritoneum {per-eton-e' -iini) [Trep/, around; blind
rt'tfi/'idf, iTiq, inflammation].
;
Inflam-
reiveiv, to stretch]. The serous membrane mation of the peritoneum surrounding the
lining the interior of the abdominal cavity cecum.
PERIURETHRITIS PESTILENCE
Periurethritis ( pere-u-re-tkri'-tis) [^rfp/,
Pernio [per'-ne-o) [L.]. Synonym of Chil-
ariHiiul ; ol'ijr/(ppa, urethra; iri^, inflamma- blain.
tion]. Inflammation of tlie connective tis- Peroneal {per-o-ne' -ai) [7rf/)0p/;, pin]. Per-
sue about the uretlira. taining to the fibula.
Periuterine [per-e-u'-ier-in) [TTfp/, around ;
Peroneus [per-o-ne'-us) \Txep6vrj, pin]. Per-
uterus, uierus].About the uterus. taining the fibula.
to P. Muscle. See
Perivascular [per-e-vas'-ku-lar) \_peri, Muscles, Table of.
around vascutar'\.
;
About a vessel. Peronospora [per-o-nos'-po-rah) [_-ep6vT],
Perkinsism [per'-kins-isin). A method of point; a-oixir, spore]. genus of fungi A
empiric treatment devised l)y EHslia Pe'-kins, producing mildew. P. ferrani, P. barcin-
a Connecticut physician. It consisted in onae, a species that was supposed to cause
drawing over the affected part the extremities cholera. P. lutea, a species that has been
of two rods (metallic tractors) of different held to be the cause of yellow fever.
metals tractoration.
;
Per OS [L.]. By the mouth.
Perleche (la) [Ink pa7--ldsh) [Fr.]. A pecu- Perosomus {pe-ro-so'-mus) \ni]p6q, maimed;
liarcontagious disease of the mouth occurring aioua, body]. A
monster presenting mal-
in children. It consists in a thickening and formation of the entire body.
desquamation of the epithelium at the angles Peroxid [per-oks'-id) \_pt'r, through; h^'vc,,
of the mouth, with occasionally the formation sharp]. That oxid of any base which con-
of small fissures, giving rise to a smarting tains the most oxygen.
sensation in the lips. The disease is proba- Perplication ( per- plik
a' - -
s/nin) [ per,
bly microbic in origin. through; plicare, to fold]. The operation
Perles'Anemia-bodies. Small, club-shaped, of turning an incised vessel upon itself by
actively motile bodies, from 3 to 4 /z in length, drawing its end through an incision in its
found by Perles in the blood in three cases own wall.

of pernicious anemia. Per rectum [L.]. By the rectum.
Perles or Pearls, Laennec's, the rounded Personal [per^-son-al) \_persona, a person].
gelatinous masses of sputum seen in the early Pertaining to a person. P. Equation, the
stage of an attack of bronchial asthma. peculiar difference of individuals in their
Perlsucht [G.]. See Pearl-disease. reaction to various orders of stimuli.
Permanent (^per^-ntan-ent) \_pcr, through; Perspiration [per-spir-a'-skun) [_perspiratio ;
manere, to remain]. Lasting; fixed; endur- I. The secretion
perspirare, to perspire].
of sweat. 2. The sweat.
ing, as P. teeth. P., Insensible,
Permanganate 'yper-man' -gan-at). A salt that which takes place constantly, the fluid
of permanganic acid. See Manganese. being evaporated as fast as secreted. P.,
Permanganic Acid [per- ?nan-gan^ -ik), Sensible, that accumulating in visible drops
HMnO^. A monobasic acid known chiefly or beads the sweat.
;
in its salts. Perspire (per-splr') \_perspirare'\. To sweat.

Permeable [per^-me-a-bl) \_per, through; Pertussis ( per-tus' -is) . See Whooping-cotigh.
meare, to pass]. Capable of affording pas- Peruvian {pe-ru'-ve-an) [Perit^. Pertain-
sage. P. Stricture, a stricture that permits ing to Peru. P. Bark. See Cinchona.
the passage of an instrument. Pervious [per'-ve-tis) [per, through; 2'ia,
Pernicious [per-nishJ -us) \_periiia'osns, de- way]. Open ; permeable.
structive]. Highly destructive
of intense se- ;
Pes { pfz) [L. ]. A
foot, or foot-like struc-
verity; deadly; fatal. P. Anemia, adiseaseof ture. P. accessorius, the eminentia colla-
the blood characterized by a great diminution teralis, a smooth white eminence in the
in the number of red corpuscles, and a rela- brain, situated at the junction of the poste-
tivelysmaller diminution of the hemoglobin, by rior and descending cornua of the lateral
the presence in the iilood of poikilocytes, ma- ventricle. P. anserinus, goose's foot ;
crocytes, microcytes, and nucleated red cor- the radiate branching of the facial nerv
puscles. A symptomatic pernicious anemia after its exit at the side of the face. P
may be jiroduccd by parasites in the intestinal hippocampi major, the lower portion of
canal, by atrophy of the gastric mucous mem- the hippocamiHis major. P. hippocampi
brane, and by hemorrhage. The nature of pri- minor. The same as Hippocampus fuinor.
mary pernicious anemia is still obscure. Most Pessary [pes' -ar-e) [Trtfrffoc.-,
an oval -shaped
writers believe that the disease is dependent stone]. An instrument placed in the vagina
upon increased hemolysis, i.e., blood-destruc- to hold the uterus in position.
tion. The disease most common in middle Pestiferous {pes-tif'-er-ous) [/«/?>, pe.'^t ;
life is usually fatal, although recoveries are ferre, to bear]. Causing pestilence.
reported in several instances. P. Malaria. Pestilence [pes '-til -ens) \_pestis, plague].
See Malaria. P. Vomiting, persistent, un- Any deadly epidemic disease, especially the
controllable vomiting, occurring in pregnancy. plague.
PESTILENTIAL PHAGOCYTE
Pestilential(/'«-///c«'-^//rt/) [/«/«, plague]. rock; ataijv, wedge; fnJor, like]. Pertain-
Having the nature of or producing a pesti- ing to the petrous portion of the temporal
lence. bone and the sphenoid bone. P. Suture,
Pestle {pes' -I) \_pistillu>/i'\. The instrument the suture between the temporal bone and
with which substances are rubbed in a mortar. the great wing of the sphenoid bone.
Petechia {^pet-e'-ke-ah) \\\..,peteche,
a flea- Petrosquamosal, Petrosquamous [pet-ro-
bite]. A small spot lieneath the epidermis, sk7va -
??!0
'-
sal, pet ro
- -
s/c7C'a
' -
iiius) ['KETjia,
due to an effusion of blood. rock; squama, scale]. Pertaining to the pe-
Petechial {pet-e'-ke-al) \\1., peteche, flea- trous and squamous portions of the temporal
bite]. Characterized by or of the nature of bone. P. Fissure, P. Suture, the line of
petechia. P. Fever, typhus fever. juncture of the squamous and petrous por-
Petit, Canal of {pet-e'). See Ca>ial. tions of the temporal bone. P. Sinus, a
Petit Mai
[pet-e mahl) [Fr., little illness]. venous passage formed in the dura mater at
A slight epileptic seizure characterized by a the junction of the petrous and squamous por-
momentary, scarcely recognizable loss of con- tions of the temporal bone. It opens into
sciousness, often with an upward staring of the lateral sinus.
the eyes and fibrillary movements of the facial Petrous [pe'-trus] [TTfrprz, rock], i. Stony,
muscles. See Blpilepsy. of tlie hardness of stone, as the P. portion of

Petit's Triangle. See Triangles, Table of. the temporal lione. 2. See Petrosal.
Petri's Dishes. Shallow, double glass-dishes, Pettenkoffer's Test. A
test for the presence
for use in cultivating bacteria. of biliaiy acids. A
few drops of the sus-
Petrifaction {pet-rif-ak'-shtat) [-/r/ô, a pected liquid are dropped into a fresh solu-
stone; facere, to make]. Conversion into tion of sugar and dilute sulphuric acid. If
stone, as P. of the fetus, the formation of a biliary acids be present a purplish-crimson
lithopedion. color is produced.
Petrolatum [pet -7-0- la' -turn) [frfrpa, rock; Peyer's Glands or Patches. Aggregations
oleian, oil]. A jelly-like preparation obtained of lymph-follicles situated in the mucous
from the residuum of petroleum, soluble in membrane of the lower part of the small in-
ether, insoluble in water and alcohol, and testine, opposite the mesenteric attachment.
known commercially as vaselin or cosmolin. Pfeiffer's Phenomenon. When a mixture
It is used as a basis for ointments and as an of cholera-germs and cholera antitoxic serum
emollient. P. liquidum (U. S. P.), liquid is injected into the peritoneal cavity of a
petrolatum. P. molle (U. S. P., B. P.), soft guinea-pig, the microorganisms are quickly
petroleum-ointment. P. spissum (U. S. P.), destroyed and dissolved. This does not occur
hard petroleum. when normal or other serum is employed, nor
Petroleum [pet-ro'-le-u/n) \_ni:-pa, rock; are other organisms destroj'ed when injected
oleum, oil]. An oily liquid issuing from the together with cholera-serum. The same phe-
earth in various places, and consisting of a nomenon has been observed in the case of
mixture of hydrocarbons with small amounts the typhoid-bacillus and typhoid antitoxic
of oxidation-products. The hydrocarbons semm, and is a valuable differential sign.
belong chiefly to the paraffin-series. Pfltiger's Law. The law that a nerve-trunk
Petromastoid [pet- ro- mas'- toid) [rrfr/ja,
is stimulated by the appearance of catelectrot-
stone; mastoid^. Pertaining to the petrous onus and the disappearance of anelectrotonus,
and mastoid portions of the temporal bone. but not under the reverse condition.
P. Canal, a short passage connecting the Phacoidoscope [fa-koid'-o-scop). .Synonym
mastoid sinuses and the tympanic cavity. P. of Pnacoscope.
Foramen, tlie tympanic orifice of the petro- Phacosclerosis [fa-ko- skle-ro'-sis) [linicdf:,
mastoid canal. lens; aKArjpog, hard]. Hardening of the
Petrooccipital [pet-ro-ok-sip'-it-al) [TreTpa, crystalline lens.
stone occiput, occiput].
; Pertaining to the Phacoscope ( fa'-
ko skop ) [^««:()f lens
-
, ;
petrous portion of the temporal bone and to ckokeIv, to inspect]. An instrument for ob-
the occipital bone. serving the accommodative changes of the lens.
Petrosal [pet-ro'-zal) [Trhpa, rock]. I. Phagedena [fafed-e'-na/i) \_(payMaiva, from
Pertaining to the petrous portion of the tem- ipajeiv, to eat]. A
rapidly .spreading destruc-
poral bone, as the P. sinus (superior and tive ulceration of soft parts.
inferior), P. nerves. 2. The petrous portion - '-

Phagedenic ( fa; - ed en ik) [ 0a} eSaiva ;
of the temporal bone itself. (pajEir, to eat]. Of

the nature of phagedena.
Petroselinum [pet-ro-se-li'-nrim) [^Kerpa, P. Chancroid, a chancroid that spreads
rock ; ai'/uvor, parsley]. See Parsley. rapidly and destroys a large amount of tissue.
Petrosomastoid [pet-ro-so->nas'-toid). Syno- Phagocyte [fag-o-sit) \âyelv, to eat; kvtoc,
nym of Petromastoid. cell].
A having the property of englob-
cell
Petrosphenoid [pet-ro-sfe'-noid) [Tcrpa, ing and digesting foreign or other particles

PHAGOCYTIC PHARYNGOCELE
harmful to the body. are either ma-kog' -no-sis, far-ma-kog' -no-se) [^(pap/inuoi^
fixed —endothelial Phagocytes
fixed connective- cells, drug; )r<jCT<f, knowledge]. The science of
tissue cells — or — the wandering or
free cells crude drugs.
leukocytes. A large pliagocyte is termed a Pharmacography i^far-i)ta-kog'-ra-fe). See
macrophage ; a small one, a Diicrophage. I'harniacognosy.
Phagocytic {^fai^-o-sit'-ik) [i/xijerr, to eat ; Pharmacologist [far-ma-koF-o-jist) [(pdpiia-
KvTtK, cell]. Of, pertaining \u, or caused by liov, drug; 'A6y<i(;, science]. One versed in
phagocytes. jiharmacology.
Phagocytosis (fag-o-si-lo'-sis) \oa^fiv, to Pharmacology ( far-ma-kol' -o-jc') [^(papfxaicov ,
eat; kuto^, cell]. The ingestion of foreign drug; y.<j]iK,science]. The science of the
or other particles, principally bacteria, by nature and properties of drugs.
certain cells. P. has been claimed to be the Pharmacopeia [far-ma-ko-pe'-ah) [(ftdp/ia-
cause of immunity against infectious diseases. liDV,drug; tzoieIv, to make]. A collection
Phakitis {fa-ki'-tis) [(ânoq, lens mq, in- ;
of formulas and methods for the preparation
flammation]. Inflammation of the crystal- of drugs, especially a book of .such formulas
line lens of theeye a condition that has, ; recognized as a standard, as the United States
however, not been observed. or British P. The former is issued every ten
Phako-. See Phaco-. years, under the supervision of a national
Phalacrosis [fal-ak-ro'-sis) [0aAa/cpdf, bald]. committee.
Baldness. Pharmacopeial [far-ma-ko-pc'-a/) [_ipdpua-
Phalangeal fa-la)i'- Jf-al) [i^d/i,aj'f,
{ plia- Kov, drug; ttoieIv, to make]. Contained in
lanx]. Pertaining to a phalanx. or sanctioned by the pharmacopeia.
Phalanges [falan'-Jez) [(/laAajf, phalanx]. Pharmacy i^far' -jtia-sc) \_(pappaKeia, the use
Plural of Phalanx. of drugs]. I. The art of preparing, com-
Phalanx [fa^-lanks) [f/)(iA«}'f, phalanx]. I. pounding, and dispensing medicines. 2. A

.One of the bones of the fingers or toes. 2. drug-store.
One of the delicate processes of the head- Pharyngeal [fa r in' -Je a /) [6rtpii}f,
- -
plate of the outer rod of Corti projecting be- pharynx]. Pertaining to the pharynx. P.
yond the inner rod. Tonsil. See Luschka' s Tonsil. P. Tu-
Phallic [fal'-ik) [paA?idf, penis]. Pertaining bercle, a small elevation near the middle of
to the penis. the inferior surface of the basilar process of the
Phallus {^fal'-ns) [(âAAof, penis]. Penis. occipital bone, for the attachment of the
Phaneroscope [fan'-er-o-skop] [ipapeftdq, pharynx.
visible ; aKOKslv, to see]. An instrument for Pharyngectomy {_far-in-jck'-to-me) [^d/jn^f,
rendering the skin transparent; it is used in pharynx; kKTOfifj, excision]. Excision of
examining for diseases of the skin, such as the pharynx.
lupus. Pharyngismus {far-in.-jiz' -mus) \iâpv'y^,
Phantasm fan'-fazni) \_âvTaZ,eiv, to render
f
pharynx]. Spasm of the pharynx.
visible]. An
illusive perception of an object Pharyngitis \far-iii-ji'-tis) [(/)d/)i,'; f phar- ,
that does not exist an opiic illusion ; an

; ynx; ir/f, inflammation]. Inflammation of
apparition. the pharynx. P., Acute, P., Catarrhal, is
Phantom [fan'-iuni) [(âird^tfi', to make visi- due to exposure to cold, to the action of irri-
ble]. An apparition. 2. A model of a
I. tant substances, or to certain infectious
part or the whole of the human body used in causes, and is characterized by pain on swal-
practisuig various operations and procedures. lowing, by dryness, later by moisture, and by
P. -tumor, a tumor-like swelling produced congestion of the mucous membrane. P.
artificially by the contraction of a muscle or Chronic, this is generally the result of re-
by other causes. peated acute attacks, and is associated either
Pharmaceutic {far-ma-sii'-tilS) \(âpimKt'vuv, with hypertrophy of the mucous membrane
to administer a drug]. Pertaining to phar- (P., Hypertrophic), or with atro])hy (P.,
macy. Atrophic). P., Croupous, P., Diphther-
Pharmaceutics ( fai--rna-su'-tiks) \_<pnpi-miav- ic, characterized by the presence of a
is
eiv, to administer a drug]. See Pharmacy false membrane, the jiroduct of the action
(1st def.). of the diphtheria-bacillus. P., Granular, a
Pharmacist ( far' -
via -
sist^ [^(pdpficiKov,
a form of chronic pharyngitis in which the mu-
drug]. An apothecary. cous membrane has a granular ajipearance.
Pharmaco- [ fai'-ma-ko-) \_(f)ap/iaKor, drug]. Pharyngo- {far-in'-go-) [(.Vipii} .f pharynx]. ,
A prefix meaning jjertaining to drugs. A prefix signifying pertaining to the pharynx.

{/ar ma ko-di-na?u'-
-
Pharmacodynamics -
Pharyngocele [far-in'-go-sel) \_(pdpv)^,
iks) [_(j)npitnKnr, drug; 6 uva/ii g, hrce^. 'I'lie
pharynx; k?//!?;, tumor]. A
hernia or pouch
science of the action of drugs. of the pharynx jiroje'cting through the pharyn-
Pharmacognosis, Pharmacognosy {/ar- geal wall.
PHARYNGOLARYNGEAL PHLEBITIS
Pharyngolaryngeal [far-in-go-lar-in^ -je-al) Phenate [fe-nat) \_phenol\ A compound of

[jpdpvy^, pharynx; Tidpvy^, larynx]. Per- phenol and a base a carbolate. ;
taining both to the pharynx and the larynx.

Phenetidin {fe
-
net' -
id- in) [ phenol~\ ,
Pharyngolaryngitis \far-in -go lar- in -ji'-

-
CjjHjjNO. The base from wiiich phenacetin
tis) [pdpi'v^", pharynx 7Apvy^, larynx iriq,
; ;
is
prepared by substitution.
inflammation]. Simultaneous inflammation Phenic Acid phenol^. See Acid, Carbolic.
\_
of the larynx and pharynx. Phenocoll { fe'-no-kol) \_phe)iol'\, CjqH,^-

Pharyngomycosis {far - in -go mi ko^-sis) Amidophenacetin, a substance re-
- -
N2O2.
[0dpu}f, pharynx ; /[z{)K;7f, fungus]. Disease sembling phenacetin, and the hydrochlorate
of the pharynx due to the action of fungi. of which is used as an antipyretic. Dose
Pharyngoplegia -
{far ifi -go- pie' je ah)
- -
gr. x-xv (0.65-1.0).
\_(pdpv^^^, pharynx r:7^r}yij, a stroke]. Paral-
;
Phenol (_/i''-«('/) [oo/wf, purple red]. I. Car-
of the muscles of the pharynx. bolic acid. 2. Any derivative of benzene
ysis
Pharyngoscope i^far-in' -go-skop') [popuyf, homologous with phenol.
pharynx ; anoTre'iv, to inspect]. An instru- Phenolphthalein [fe-ttol-tha' -le-in) \_<po'ivi^,
ment for use in examining the pharynx. purple-red phthalic\ A substance produced
;
Pharyngoscopy [far-iii-gos' -kofg) [odpv/f, by the action of phenol on phthalic acid and
pharynx ; anonelv, to examine]. Examina- used generally in a I per cent, solution in 50
tion of the pharynx with the pharyngoscope. per cent, alcohol, as a delicate test for acids
Pharyngospasm {far-in' -go-spazni) [^dpD>f ,
and alkalies. It is turned red by alkalies and
pharynx; (7-«(T//df, spasm]. Spasmodic con- decolorized by acids.
traction of the pharyngeal muscles. Phenolsulphonic Acid {fe-nol-sulfon'-ik).
Pharyngotome [far-in'-go-tont) [(jdpj'}f, Siilphocarbolic Acid.
pharynx ; Toi}ij,
a cutting]. An instrument Phenyl [fe'-nil) [4>oivL^, purple-red vTitj, ;
for incising thepharynx. matter]. The univalent radicle, C5H5, of

Pharyngotomy { far- in-got' -o-me) [0«pii}f, phenol.
pharynx; TOjiij, a cutting]. Incision into Phenyl-glucosazone [fc-ttil-glu-ko' -saz-on),
the pharynx. P., Inferior, one in which CjgH^jNÔ^. A yellow crystalline compound
the tissues between the hyoid bone and the produced in the phenyl-hydrazin test for glu-
cricoid cartilage are divided. P., Lateral, cose.
incision into one side of the pharynx. P., Phenyl-glycuronic Acid {-glik-ti-roti'-ik).
Subhyoidean, that through the thyrohyoid A crystalline body, a compound of phenol
membrane. and glycuronic acid, occurring in the urine
Pharyngotonsillitis [far-in-go-ton-sil-i' -its) after the ingestion of phenol.
[(papvy^, pharynx tonsillitis'^.;

Inflamma- Phenyl-hydrazin [fc-nil-hi'-dra-zin), CgHg-
tion of the pharynx and the tonsil. N.,. A liquid base,
crystallizing in plates, the
Pharynx [far'-inx) \_âpvy^, throat]. The hydrochlorate of which is used as a test for
musculomembranous pouch situated back of sugar (Phenyl-hydrazin test).
the nose, mouth, and larynx, and extending Phenylic [fe-nil'-ik] [(polvi^, purple-red].
from the base of the skull to a point opposite Pertaining to or containing phenyl.
the sixth cervical vertebra, where it becomes Phenyl-urethane {fe-nil-u'-reth-dn), C;,H„-
continuous with the esophagus. It is lined NOj. See Euphorin.
by mucous membrane, covered in its upper Phial {fi'-al) [jîdli], a saucer].
A small
part with columnar ciliated epithelium, in its glass bottle ; a vial.
lower part with stratified epithelium. On Phimosis [fi-mo'-sis) \_<piu6q,
a muzzle].
the outside of this is a layer of fibrous tissue, Elongation and constriction of the prepuce,
the pharyngeal aponeurosis. This in turn is so that the latter cannot be retracted over the
surrounded by the muscular coat. The glans penis.
upper portion of the pharynx communicates Phlebectasia, Phlebectasis [fieb-ek-ta'-ze-
with the nose through the posterior nares, is ah, fleb-ek'-tas-is) \_<p/.iip, vein ; eKToatc, dila-
known as the nasopharynx, and functionally tation]. Dilatation of a vein ; varicosity.
belongs to the respiratory tract the lower ; Phlebectomy (fleb-ek'-to-me) [i;!>Aei/;, vein ;
portion is divided into the oropharynx and iK-aiii], excision]. Excision of a vein.
iaryngopharynx, and is a part of the digestive Phlebitis (feb-i'-tis) [f/îi',
vein ; irt^, in-
tract. The pharynx communicates with the flammation]. Inflammation of a vein. This
middle ear by means of the Eustachian tube. is generally suppurative (suppurative P.),
Phenacetin ( fe-nas'-et-in) phenol: acetum,
\_
and is the result of the extension of suppura-
tion from adjacent tissues. It leads to the
vinegar], C,gH,3NOo. Acetphenetidin, a com-
pound derived from phenol, h-iving antipyretic formation of a thrombus within the vein
and antineuralgic iroperties.]
It is crystalline, (Thrombophlebitis), which may break
down
tasteless, and almost insolubk in water. Dose and cause the distribution of septic emboli to
gr. iv— XXX (o. 26-2.0J. various parts of the body. When not due to
PHARYNX PHARYNX
Pharynx, Opened Posteriorly, Shuwing Larynx, Tongue, and Soft Palate.

A.. Cartilaginous expansion of the Eustachian tube. B. Posterior nasal openings. C. Soft palate. D
Uvula. E, E. Posterior pillar of the palate. F. Tonsil. G, G. Phar\iix, opened in median line. H.
Base of the tongue. I. Epiglottis. K. Left glosso-epiglottidean fold. L. Superior opening of the
larynx. M. Th.yroid cartilage. N. Posterior surface of the larynx. O. Group of grape-like glands
constantly found in this position. P. Upper extremity of the esophagus, i. Azygos uvulse muscle.
2. Levator palati muscle. 3, 3. Palatopharyngeus muscle. 4. Salpingopharyngeus muscle. 5. In-
ternal portion of the palatopharyngeus muscle. 6. Fibers proceeding from the middle of the
palate
and ending in the palatopharyngeus muscle. 7. Superior fibers of the palatopharyngeus muscle,
going to interlace on the lateral and posterior surface of the pharynx with those on the opposite side.
8. Inferior fibers of the palatopharyngeus muscle, being inserted into the
posterior margin of the
thyroid cartilage near the base of the superior cornu and pharyngeal aponeurosis. 9. Anterior libers
of the styl(Ji)haryngeus muscle, attached (i) to the lateral fold of the epiglottis; (2) to the superior
cornu of the thyroid cartilage at the base and superior margin. 10. Superior constrictor of the
pharynx.
PHLEBO- PHOROMETER
a suppurative process the P., called plastic, Phloroglucin [flo-ro-glu'-sin) \ifAoi6q, bark;
adhesive, or proliferative, may give rise to y'/.vKVQ,sweet], CgHg03 CgH3(OH)3.
— A
obliteration of the vein. The symptoms of crystalline substance found in the bark of the
P. are pain and edema of the affected part, cherry, pear, apple, and other trees, and used
redness along the course of the vein, the latter as a test for woody tissue (lignin) and hydro-
appearing as a hard, tender cord. P., Sinus-, chloric acid.
phlebitis of the sinuses of the dura mater. Phlyctena {JJik-te'-nah) [ci/.t'/craa'a, blister].
Phlebo- [Jlt'b'-o-) vein]. [_(j)}.eip,
A prefix A vesicle.
denoting pertaining to a vein. Phlyctenoid {flik'-ten-oid) ^jf^xKraiva, blis-
Phlebogram {^fleb' -o-gram) [0?.£i/), vein; ter; tuSor, like]. See Phlyctenular.
ypdipeip, to write]. A tracing of the move- Phlyctenula, Phlyctenule {flik-ten'-u-lah,
ments of a vein by the sphygmograph. Jlik-te7i'-iil) \_o/.iii7aLva, blister]. A little
Phlebolite, Phlebolith {fleb'-o-lit, fleb'-o- vesicle or blister.

vein '/.itioc, stone].
lith) \ifkkr\t, ; Vein-stone, Phlyctenular {Jlik ten' ti lar) \<fk.vK-raiva,
- - -
a hard concretion sometimes found in veins, blister] Resembling a phlyctenule char-

.
;
and produced by calcareous infiltration of a acterized by the formation of phlyctenules, as

thrombus. P. conjunctivitis.
Phlebosclerosis (yfleb-o-skh-ro'-sis) [Âei/;, Phlyzacion, Phlyzacium {Jli-za'-se-on, fli-
a vein ; cn'/iipoq, hard]. Sclerosis of a vein. za'-se-um) [Âr^fn', to inflame]. A pustular
Phlebotomy (
vein ;
fleb-ot' -o-ine)
\jpih\), vesicle on an indurated base. P. acutum.
rnjuj, a cutting]. Opening of a vein for the See Ecthyma.
purpose of blood-letting. The vein most Phocomelus [fo-koin'-el-ns] [<iw/a/,
a seal ;
often selected is the median cephalic at the limb].

f-ii'/og,
A
monster with rudimentary
bend of the elbow. limbs, the hands and feet being attached al-
Phlegm {flem) \_<f)My/ia, phlegm]. I. A most directly to the trunk.
viscid, stringy mucus, secreted by the mucosa Phonation {fo-na'-shini) [(/luiv), voice].
of the upper air-passages. 2. One of the The production of vocal sound or articulate
four humors of the old writers. speech.
Phlegmasia ( fleg-ma'-ze-ah') [0^f j'f«% to Phonatory [fon'- a- tor- e) [^wr//, voice].
burn]. Inflammation. P. alba dolens, Pertaining to phonation.
milk-leg, a painful swelling of the leg, be- Phonautograph {fo-naw' -to-graf) [(/"wr//,
ginning either at the ankle and ascending, voice; amoq, self; ypd(pEtv, to write]. An
or at the groin and extending down the apparatus for recording automatically the vi-
thigh, its usual cause being septic infection brations of the air produced by the voice.
after labor. Phonetic i^fo-net'-ik) [ouw/, voice], i. Per-
Phlegmatic { fl(g-mat' -ik) [o/i^/za, phlegm]. taining to or representing sounds. 2. Per-
Full of phlegm hence, indifferent, apa-
; taining to the voice.
thetic. Phonetics {fo-net'-iks) [ciwv/;, voice]. The
Phlegmon [Jleg'-mon) [(^Xeyfiovrj, inflamma- science dealing with the mode of production
tion]. An inflammation characterized by the of sounds.
spreading of a purulent or fibrinopurulent Phonic [fon'-ik) [^wi'V, voice]. Pertaining
exudate within the tissues. to the voice.P. Spasm, a spasm of the
Phlegmonous [Jleg' -nion-tis) [ii^jjyiiovr], in- laryngeal muscles occurring on attempting to
flammation]. Of the nature of or pertaining speak.
to phlegmon. Phonograph [fo'-no-graf) [<puvfj, sound ;
Phlogogenic {Jlog-o-jen'-ik) [<A2o:f, flame ; ypadiEiv, to record]. An instrument consist-

yzvvav, to produce]. Causing inflammation. ing of a wax-coated cylinder revolving under
Phlogosin [Jiog'-o-sin) [Âojwa/f, inflamma- a stylus attached to a diaphragm. The vi-
tion, from 0/df, flame]. crystalline body A brations of the diaphragm, set in motion by
isolated from cultures of pyogenic staphylo- the voice, cause the cylinder to be indented
cocci, and causing suppuration when injected by the stylus. When the cylinder is again
beneath the skin or introduced into the eye. revolved the movement of the stylus upon
Phloridzin, Phlorizin {flor-id' -zin, flor- the cylinder throws the diaphragm into vibra-
i'-zui) [07iowf , bark ; p/fa, root], CjiHjÔm- tion and reproduces the original sounds of the
.aHjO. A
bitter crystalline glucosid occur- voice.
ring in the root and trunk of the apple, pear, Phonology (/o-nol'-o-je) [^«v^, voice ; /.o;of,
and other fruit-trees. It is said to possess anti- science]. The science of vocal sounds;
pyretic properties. Dose gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). phonetics.
Given to lower animals it produces glycosuria. Phonometer {^fo-nom'-et-er) \û!vri, voice ;
P.-diabetes, the glycosuria induced in lower îtTpor, measure]. An instrument for meas-
animals, especially dogs, by the administra- uring the intensity of the voice.
tion of phloridzin. Photometer [fo-rom'-et-er)[(popkeiv, to tend;
PHOSE PHOSPHOTUNGiTIC ACID
fihpov, measure]. An instrument for meas- Phosphomolybdic Acid yfos-jo-mol' -ib-dik)
uring tlie relative strength of the ocular \_ phosphorus ; violybdenuni'\. A compound
muscles. of phosphoric acid and molybdenum trioxid,
Phose {/os) [(/)fjf, light]. A subjective sen- used as a test for alkaloids.
sation of light or color, as, e.<^., scotoma Phosphonium (fos-fo'-ne-tiDi) [^(pcjaipopo^,
scintillans. Aphose, a subjective sensation phosphorus]. The hypothetic univalent rad-
of shadow g., muscas voli-
or darkness, as, e. icle PH^ ;
it is
analogous to ammonium, NH^.
tantes. Centraphoses, aphoses originating Phosphorated {fos' -for-a-ted ) [(puacpopog,
in the optic centers. Centrophoses, piloses ])hosphorus] .
Containing phosphorus.
originating in the optic centers. Chromo- Phosphorescence [fos-for-fs^-ens) [_<fnj)cj<p6-
a
phose, subjective sensation of color. Peri- poq, phosphorus]. The spontaneous lumin-
pheraphoses, peripheral aphoses. Peripher- osity of phosphorus and other substances in
ophoses, phoses originating in the peripheral the dark.
organs of vision (the optic nerve or eyeball). Phosphorescent {fos-fo7--es'-enf) [0w<T0o/)Of,
Phosphate [fas' -fat) [oaj(70opof,phos])horus]. phosphorus]. Possessing the quality of
A salt of phosphoric acid. Normal P., one phosphorescence.
in which the three hydrogen-atoms, or the Phosphoreted {fos^ -for
- ci -
ed) [(puarpSpnc ,
six of two molecules, are substituted by phosphorus].Combined with phosphorus.

metals, e. g., NajPO^, C3..i{VO^)^. Acid P., Phosphoric Acid {fas -for' -jk). See Acids,
one in which one or two of the hydrogen- Table of
atoms only have been replaced by metals. Phosphoridrosis [fos-for-id-ro'-sis') \_phos-
P., Ammoniomagnesium, a double salt phorus ; i6pur, sweat]. The secretion of
of ammonium and magnesium and phos- ]ihos|)horescent sweat.
]ihoric acid. P., Earthy, a phosphate of Phosphorism [fas' -for-izvi') \_ phosphorus'].
one of the alkaline earths. P., Triple, Chronic phosphorus-poisoning.
annnoniomagnesium phosphate. The ]ihos- Phosphorized {fos'-for-lzd) \_phosphorus'\.
])hates are used in medicine as tonics and Containing phosphorus.
alterati\es in conditions associated with mal- Phosphorous Acid [fos-fo7-'-zis). See Acids,
nutrition of the bones (rickets, scrofula). Table of.
Sodium phosphate is employed as a chola- Phosphorus (/(^^^-/cT-wj) [(iijf, light ; (fiopeiv,
gogue and laxative. to bear]. A

nonmetallic element, having a
Phosphatic ( fos-fat' -Hi) [(/)WCT(popoc, phos- quantivalence of 3 or 5, and an atomic
phorus]. charac-
Containing phosphates ; weight of 31. Symbol P. In commerce it
terized by the excretion of large amounts of is prepared from bone-ash or from sombrer-
phos]ihates, as P. diathesis. ite, an impure calcium phosphate found in
Phosphatid [fos' -fa-tid ) \(f>UG<i)6p0Q, phos- West Indian guano. P. may be obtained in
phorus]. Any one of a large group of several allotropic forms. Ordinary P. is a
phosphorus-compounds, found in brain-sub- yellowish-white, waxy solid, of a specific
stance, and resembling the phosphates. gravity of 1.837. Red or atnorphous P. is a
Phosphaturia [fos-fa-tu'-re-ak) [(fnocqiopng, dark-red powder, having a .specific gravity of
phosphorus; wrwrt, urine]. A condition in 2. 1 1, insoluble in carbon disulphid, nonin-
which an excess of phosphates is passed in flammable, nonluminous, nonpoisonous. Me-
the urine. tallic rhombohedral P. is an allotrojjic form
Phosphene {fos'-fin) [otJf, light; (palveiv, produced by heating phosphorus in a sealed

to show]. A subjective luminous sensation tube with melted lead. Its specific gravity
caused by pressure upon the eyeball. is 2.34. Medicinally, P. is used as an altera-
Phosphid \fos'-fid) \_(pcjc66po(:, phosphorus]. tive in osteomalacia and in rickets, in sexual
A compound of phosphorus and another impotence, threatened cerebral degeneration,
element or radicle acting as a base. The neuralgia, chronic alcoholism, morphino-
phosphids are used in medicine as substitutes mania, furiinculosis, etc. Dose y^^ to -^^
for phosphorus. gr. (0.00065-0.0013). Ordinary P. is ex-
Phosphin [fos'-fiii) [i/iwffipopof, phosphorus]. ceedingly poisonous it causes a widespread
;
I. Hydrogen phosphid, PH,, a poisonous fatty degeneration, most marked in the liver.
gas of alliaceous odor. 2. substitution- A Preparations: Elixir phosphori (U. S. P.).
com]iound of PHj, bearing the same relation Dose rTLxv-f_^j (1.0-4.0). Oleum phosphor-
to it that an amin does to ammonia. atum fU. S. P., B. P.) and Spiritus phosphori
Phosphite ( fos' -fii )\jj>uG<p6pnt: , phosphorus]. (U. S.~
P.). Dose TT\,i-v (0.065-0.32). Pil-
A salt of phosphorous acidi ula; phosphori (U. S. P.) contain each gr. y^g.
Phosphoglyceric Acid {ffls-fo-glis-e'-ri/c) Phosphotungstic Acid [fos-fo-tung'-stik )
[f/i(.)(T(/)o/)o^', phosphorus ; yXvKvq, sweet] , C.,- lIiiP\V,nO.,, + H./). A crystalline com-
lI,,P()y.
A liquid body obtained from leci- pound of iilios]ihoric and lungstic acids, used
thin. as a test for alkaloids and peptones.
PHOSPHURET PHTHISIS
Phosphuret {fas' -fu-7-et) \_^(j(5^6po(;, phos- Photophobia fo-to-fo' -be-ah) [ûf, Hght
{ -,
phorus]. A phosphid. (i(i;3of, Intolerance of light.

fear].
Phosphureted (^fos'-fu-ret-ed). Synonym Photophone [fo' -to-fon) [owf light (iwv^, , ;
of Phcsphoreted. sound]. An apparatus for the graphic repre-

Photo- iyfo'-to-) [ffl6)f, Hght]. A prefix de- sentation of the character of sound-waves by
noting relation to light. means of flames.
Photobiotic {fo-to-hi-of -ik) [^6Jf, light ; Photopsia {fo-top'-se-ah) \_6uc, light ; b\pi(;^
/3/of, life]. Living habitually in the light. sight]. Subjective sensations of sparks or
Photochemic ( fo-to-kem'-ik ) [owf light , ;
flashes of light occurring in certain morbid
X'lusid, chemistry]. Pertaining to the conditions of the optic nerve, the retina, or
chemic action of light. the brain.
Photochen]istry( fo-to-kem'-is-tre) [dwf, light; Phototherapy ( fo-to-tJio-'-ap-e) [</)wc, light ;
Xniit'ia, chemistiy]. That branch of chemis- ftepa-eia, treatment]. The treatment of skin
try treating of the chemic action of light.
diseases by the application of the concentrated
Photoelectricity {foto-e-lek-tris' -it-e) [0uf, chemic rays (blue, violet, and ultraviolet) of
light; electri(:ity'\. Electricity produced under light.
the influence of light. Photoxylin, Photoxylon {fo-loks'-il-iu, fo-
Photogene [fo^-to-jen) \jpug, light ; yevvav, toks'-il-on') light; ^lAoi', wood].
[^(if, A
to produce]. I. A
retinal impression ; an substance produced from wood-pulp by the
after-image. 2. A liquid derived from bitu- action of sulphuric acid and potassium ni-
minous shale. trate. It serves as a substitute for collodion
Photogenic [fo-io-jen'-ik) [^wf, light; yevvav^ in minor surgery, and as a medium for mount-
to produce]. Light-producing. ing microscopic specimens.
Photography ( fo-tog' -ra-fe') [®«c, light ;
Photuria {fo-tu'-re-ab) \jfuq, light iiriiin, ;
ypdcpEiv, to write]. The art of producing urine]. The passage of phosphorescent

an image of an object (Photograph) by urine.
throwing the rays of light reflected from it Phrenetic [ fren-d' -ik) [(ppi/v, mind]. Mani-
upon a surface coated with a film of a sub- acal ;
delirious.
stance, such as a silver salt, that is readily de- Phrenic (
freii'-ik') l_0p!/v, diaphragm, mind].
composed by subsequently treating the
light, I. Pertaining to the diaphragm, as P. nerve,
film with certain agents (developers) that P. artery. 2. Pertaining to the mind.
bring out the image, and then dissolving the Phrenitis [frtii-i'-tis] [fflp'/i',
i. mind; 2.
salt unacteil upon by the light. diaphragm (r/f, inflammation]. I. Inflam-
;
Photohemotachometer {/o-fo- hem - o - tak - mation of the brain. 2. Inflammation of the
ofii'-et-er) [<;(>wf, light; aifia, blood; to-xoz, diaphragm.

swiftness; measure]. A hemotach-
//frpOi', Phrenograph {fren'-o-graf) [(hpi/v, dia-
ometer in which the changes in level of the phragm ; •)pa(peiv, to write]. An instrument
column of blood are photographed. for registering the movements of the dia-
Photokinetic [fo-to-kin- et'-ik) [i;^wc, light; phragm.
KLvrjTLKOQ, causiug movement]. Causing Phrenology (fren ol' o -je) \i^pi]i\ mind
- -
;
movement by means of light. Zojof, science]. The theory that the various
Photolyte [fo' -to-lit) [0wf, light ; Iveiv, to faculties of the mind occupy distinct and sep-
loosen]. A substance that is decomposed by arate areas in the brain-cortex, and that the
the action of light. predominance of certain faculties can be pre-
Photomagnetism { fo-to-fnag' -net-iz»i) [^£)C, dicted from modifications of the parts of the
light; »i(ignct']. Magnetism produced by skull overlying the areas where these facul
the action of light. ties are located.
Photometer ( fo-tom'-et-er') [^wf, light /ifr- ; Phrenopathy [fren-op'-ath-e) [(J/s'/r,
mind ;
pov, measure]. An
instrument for measur- TraOoc, disease]. Mental disease.
ing the intensity of light. Phrenosin { /ren^-o-si/i) [op')i', mind]. A
Photometry [fo-tom'-ct-re') [ 0wf , light; nitrogenous body obtained from brain-tissue.
jiETpov, measure]. The measurement of the Phthalic Acid {IhaF-ik) [from uaphtlialenti,
intensity of light. CÛgO^. A crystalline substance derived from
Photomicrograph ( fo-to-vii'
-kro-graf) [diuf, naphthalene.
light; ,M;\/90f, small -}pa<p£iv, to write].
; A Phtheiriasis, Phthiriasis {ihi - ri' - as -
is)
photograph of a small or microscopic object, \_(p6eip, louse]. See PeJicn/osis.
usually made with the aid of a microscope, Phthisic {tiz'-ik) [(pOinic, wasting]. 1. a
and of suflicient size for observation with the Affected with phthisis. 2. person affected A
naked Compare Alicrophotograpk.
eye. with phthisis.
Photomicrography [fo-to- mi- krog'- ra -
fe) Phthisis (ti'-sis or te'-sis) \_it>Oivei.v, to waste].
['/«jf, light ; nuipoq, small ; ypdoELV, to write]. I. A wasting away or consumption, as
The art of producing photomicrographs. P. bulbi, shrinking of the eyeball. 2.
PHYLAXIN PHYSOSTIGMIN
Any disease characterized by emaciation binations of these methods. 2. Pertaining
and loss of strength, especially pulmonary to physics.
tuberculosis. P., Fibroid. I. Interstitial Physician (fi^-ish'-an) [(?<i'(T/r, nature]. One
pncunicjnia. 2. Chronic tuberculosis of the who practises medicine.
lungs attended with the formation of fibrous Physicochemic [Jlz-ik-okevi'-ik) \pj>'vOLq,
tissue, which contracts, causes shrinking of nature; ,y'//"'"> chemistry]. Pertaining to
the affected part, and sometimes bronchiec- both physics and chemistry.
tasis by traction on the bronchi. P. florida, Physics [fiz'-iks) \(pvoic, nature]. The sci-
an acute, rapidly fatal pulmonary tuberculosis ;
ence of n.ature, especially that treating of the
galloping consumption. P., Laryngeal, properties of matter and of the forces gov-
tuberculosis of the larynx. P., Pulmonary. erning it.
I. Tuberculosis of the lung. 2. Any one of Physiognomy [fiz e og' no me) [(ftt'tr^f
- - - -
,
a variety of interstitial pneumonias, such as nature ;

knowledge]. I. The science
)i'w/;//,
Grinders' P., Miners' P., Stone-cutters' P., treating of the methods of determining charac-
etc. P. ventriculi, atrophy of the mucous ter by a study of the face. 2. The counte-
membrane and diinning of the coats of the nance.
stomach. Physiologic {fiz-e-o-loj' -ik) [^/(x/f, nature ;
Phylaxin {fi-laks'-iti) \_^'vKa^, a guardian]. science]. I. Pertaining to physiology.

/CI} Of,
A defensive proteid found in animals that 2. Pertaining to natural or normal
processes,
have acquired an artificial immunity to a as opposed to those that are pathologic. P.
given infectious disease. The phyllaxins are Antidote, an antidote that neutralizes a
of two varieties one having the power to
; poison by effects on the system that are
destroy pathogenic microorganisms, called antagonistic to those of the poison. P. Unit.
mycophyllaxifi ; one that counteracts the See Unit.
poisons of the microorganisms, called foxo- Physiologist nature;
{fiz-e-ol'-o-jist) [oi'tr/r,
phyllaxi)i. 'k6yoq, science]. One
versed in physiology.
Phyletic [fi-lei'-ik) [î-Aor, a" tribe]. Per- Physiology {Jiz-e-oF-o-Je) [pp'raiq, nature;
taining to phylogeny. /.(i; or, science].
The science that treats of
Phylogenesis, Phylogeny {fi-lo-gen'-es-is, the functions of organic beings. P., Morbid,
Ji-loj'
-c)i
tf)
a tribe ; jEvvdv, to be-
\j>h'}.ov, the study of diseased functions or of functions
get]. The evolution of a group or species modified by disease.
of animals or plants from the simplest form ; Physique [fiz-ek') [Fr.]. Physical structure
the evolution of the species, as distinguished or organization.
from ontogeny, the evolution of the individual. Physocele [Ji^-so-sel) \_(j>vaa, air; ktjTii],
Phylogenetic (_/f - lo - gen - et' - ik) \_<^v7mv, a tumor]. A

swelling containing air or
I.
tribe; jevvdv, to beget]. Pertaining to gas. 2. Emphysema of the scrotum ; a

phylogeny. hernia filled with flatus.
Phyma 'yfi'-maJi) [î)//o, a growth]. i. Physometra {_fi so me'- tra/i) [_(i>vaa, air
- -
;
Formerly, any one of a variety of swellings fiijTpa, uterus]. A distention of the uterus
of the skin. 2. A localized plastic exudate with gas, produced by the decomposition of
larger than a tubercle ;
a circumscribed swel- its contents.
ling of the skin. Physostigma [ fi-so-stig' -mah) [^taa, air;
Phymatosis {Ji-ma-to^-sis) \^phyina\. Any ariyua, stigma]. Calabar bean ;
ordeal-
disease characterized by the formation of nut. The seed
of Physostigma veneno-
phymata. sum, of the natural order Leguminosese,
Physalis {fis'-al4s) [i;i>V(Ta/l/^/f, bladder]. A which is used by the natives of Africa as an
large giant epithelial cell of giant-cell carci- ordeal-poison. It contains two alkaloids —
noma. eserin or physostigmin, and calabarin. It
Physic (fi"/-ik) \_ipvcLg, nature]. I. The acts as a general depressant, producing motor
science of medicine. 2. medicine, espe-A paralysis and in poisonous doses causing
cially a cathartic. 3. To administer medi- death by paralysis of the respiration. It is a
cines ;
also to purge. miotic, and in small doses stimulates the
Physical {fiz'-ik-al) {^vaiKoq, physical]. I. heart and intestinal peristalsis. In medicine
Pertaining to nature also pertaining to the
; it is
employed as a motor depressant in teta-
body or material things. P. Diagnosis, nus and other sjxasms as a stimulant in ;
the investigation of disease by direct aid of intestinalatony and dilatation, in asthma

the senses, sight, touch, and hearing. P. and emphysema. Preparations Extractum :
Examination, examination of the patient's physostigmatis (U. S. P., B. P.). Dose gr.
body to determine the condition of the vari- '/%-'^ (0.008-0.016). Tinctura physostig-
ous organs and parts. P. Signs, the phe- matis (U. S. P.). Dose TTLv-xx (0.32-I.3).
nomena observed on inspection, palpation, Physostigmin ( /i-so-stig'-min) [p/iysostig-
percussion, auscultation, mensuration, or comma'\, CjjII^jNjOj. An alkaloid found in
PHYTALBUMOSE PIGMENT
the seed of Physostigma venenosum, or Cal- Pian [pi' -an). See Fyauibcsia.
abar bean. It is also termed eserin. Phy- Piano-players' Cramp. A painful spasm of
sostigminae salicylas, eserin salicylate, is the muscles occurring in piano-players as the
used internally in doses of gr. ^^,5 (0.0008) ;
result of overuse of the muscles in playing ;
but its chief use is for instillation into the eye a form of occupation-neurosis.
as a miotic in conditions of mydriasis, and to Pica {pi'-kah) [L., magpie]. craving for A
lessen intraocular tension in glaucoma. It unnatural and strange articles of food a ;
is used in these condidons in solution of the symptom present in certain forms of insanity,
strength of from one to two grains to the fluid- hysteria, and chlorosis, and during pregnancy.
ounce. Physostigminae sulphas, eserin Picea {^pis'-e-ah)[L., the pilch-pine]. A
sulphate, is used in the same manner as the genus of coniferous trees. P. alba,, the
preceding. white spruce. P. excelsa, the common fir
Phytalbumose [fi-tal'-bu-mos) \<\)Vt6v, plant ;
or pitch-pine. It yields resm and turpentine.
afbtiniose'].
A vegetable albuniose. P. nigra, the black spruce. P. vulgaris.
Phyto- [jiVTuv, plant].
{fi'-/o-) A prefix Synonym of P. excelsa.
signifying relation to plants. Piceous {pis'-e-us) \_pix, pitch]. Resem-
Phylogenesis ( fi-to-jen' -es-is) \(Iivt6v, plant ; bling jiitch.
ykvtaiq, origin]. The science of the origin Picolin {pik'-o-lin') \_picea,\h& pitch-pine;
and develojiment of plants. CpH.N. Methyl-pyridin, a liquid
(7/<'«w, oil],
Phytogenous iyfi-toj'-en-us) [îirdr, plant ;

obtained by distillation from coal-tar.
yzvvav, to produce] . Produced by plants. Picramic Acid {pik-?-a»i'-ik) \_KiKp6g, bitter;
Phytolacca {fi-to-lak'-nh) [(pvTov, plant; ai/nn'\, CgHjNgC^.. Picric acid in which
lacca, lac]. The poke, P. decandra, a plant one NOj radicle has been replaced by NH.,.
of the natural order Phytolaccacea?, the fruit Picrate [pik'-ral) [;r/K/jof, bitter]. A salt
(Phytolaccie fructus, or poke-berry) and root of picric acid.
of which (Phytolacca; radix, or poke-root) are Picric Acid {pik'-rik) [iviKpog, bitter]. See
official in the U. S. P. Poke isemetocathar- Acid, Picric.
tic and slightly narcotic. It has been used Picrocarmin pik-ro-kar' -niiti) [Trt/cpdf, bit-
{
in rheumatism, and locally in granular con- ter ; carntiit^. A

preparation for staining
junctivitis and
parasitic skin-diseases. Dose microscopic specimens. Its composition is
of the powdered root gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0). as follows: carmin i.O; ammonia 5.0; dis-
.Extractum phytolaccK radicis fluidum (U. S. tilled water 50.0 parts. After solution, 50
P.). Dose fl\^v-xxx (0.32-2.0). parts of a saturated watery solution of picric
Phytoparasite ( fi-to-par'-as-it ) \_(^vt6v,
a acid are added, and the mixture allowed to
plant ; napdcTiToc, a parasite]. A vegetable stand in a wide-mouthed bottle until the am-
parasite. monia has evaporated. It is then filtered.
Phytopathology ( fi-to-path-ol' -o-je) \_i>vT6v,
Picrotoxin [ pik-ro-toks'-in) [jrucpOf, bitter ;
plant; irdOog, disease; Myog, science], i. ro^LKov, poison]. A
bitter neutral principle
The science of diseases of plants. 2. The prepared from Anamirta paniculata (Cocculus
science of diseases due to vegetable organisms. indicus). Picrotoxin stimulates the motor
Phytoplasm {fi'-to-plaz77i) plant;
\_i^vt6v,
and inhibitory centers in the medulla, espec-
ir'Aaatia, ])lasma]. Vegetable protoplasm. ially the respiratory and vagus centers ; it
Phytosis {Ji(o^-sis) [(/rnroi', plant]. Any dis- causes epileptiform spasms by irritation of
ease due to vegetable organisms. the motor centers of the cerebrum or cord.
Phytosterin {fi-tos'-ter-in) \<^vt6v, plant ; Its action is much like that of strychnin. It
artap, fat]. A
fat-like substance, similar to has been used in an ointment (gr. x to ^j)
cholesterin, present in plant-seeds and sprouts. in tinea capitis and in pediculosis. It is
Pia, Pia Mater {pi-a mah'-ter) [L. kind ,

useful for the night-sweats of phthisis and
or tender mother]. The vascular membrane in the complex of symptoms known as vaso-
enveloping the surface of the brain and spinal motor ataxia. Dose gr. 5'^ to jV (0001-
cord, and consisting of a plexus of blood-ves- 0.003).
sels held in a fine areolar tissue. Piebald Skin. See LeukodcDiia and Mtil-
Pia-arachnitis ( pi-ah-ar-ak-ni^-tis)[pia,Y>^3.\ io-o.
apaxvii, spider's web; irig, inflammation]. Piedra {pe-a'-draJi) [S. Am.]. A disease of
Inflammation of the pia-arachnoid ; lepto- the hair marked by the formation of hard, pin-
meningitis. head-sized nodules on the shaft of the hair ;
Pia-arachnoid {pi-ah-ar-ak'-iioiti)\_piii,-p\2i; it is thought to be due to a micrococcus.
apdxv'i, a spider's web; ehôg, like]. The Piezometer {pi-e-zovi'-et-er ) \j7ik^ziv, to

pia and arachnoid considered as one struc- press fdrpov, measure].
;
An apparatus for
ture .
measuring the degree of compression of
l?\a.\ (
pi'-nl) [//<7, pia]. Pertaining to the gases.
pia mater. Pigment [pii^'-inenl) [_pingcre, to paint]. A
PIGMENTARY PINK-EYE
dye-stuff; a coloring matter. Pigments may Pilomotor {pi-lo-mo'-tor) [////«, hair; mo-
be in solution or in the form of granules or 7>ere, to move]. Causing movement of the
crystals. P., Hematogenous, any pigment hair. P. Nerves, nerves causing contraction
derived from the blood. 1
lematogenou.s pig- of the erectores jiilorum. P. Reflex, the
ments are hemoglobin, heinatoidin, hemosid- a[)pearance of "goose-skin" when the skin
erin, and the bile-pigments, which are indi- is irritated.
rectly derived from the blood-pigment. P., Pilonidal ( pi-lo-ni' -dal) \_pilus, hair;
Metabolic, a pigment formed by the meta- nidus, nest]. C"ontaining an accumulation
bolic action of cells. Melanin is the type of hairs in a cyst. P. Fistula, a fistula in the
of metabolic pigments. neighborhood of the rectum depending upon
Pigmentary [pig'-tiien-ta-ye] \^piugej-e, to the presence t>f a tuft of hair in the tissues.
paint]. Pertaining to or containing pigment ; Pilose, Pilous [pi'-los, pi'-ltts) \_pilostts,
characterized by the formation of pigment. hairy]. Hairy.
Pigmentation [ pig-men-fa' -s/iii>i) \_pi>igere, Pilosis (pi-lo'-sis) \_pilus, hair]. The ab-
to paint]. Deposition of or discoloration by normal or excessive develoj)nient of hair.
pigment. Pilula {pil'-u lah) [L.]. A pill.
Pilary [pi'-lar-e) \_pilus, hair]. Pertaining Pilular [piF-u-lar) [pilula, dim. of pila,
to the hair. ball]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to jiills.
Pilastered {pi- las'- teni) \_pila, pillar]. Pilule {pil'-ul) \_pilula, a small pill]. A
Flanged so as to have a fluted ajipearance ;
small pill.
arranged in pilasters or columns. P. Femur, 'P\m^nXa{pi-fiie)i'-/ah) \S\>., piniienfo']. All-
a condition of the femur in which the back- spice, the nearly ripe fruit of P. officinalis, a
ward concavity of the shaft is exaggerated tree of the natural order Myrtacese. It has
and the linea aspera prominent. a fragrant aromatic odor, due to the presence
Piles (pilz) \_pila, ball]. 'i^QC Hemorrhoids. of a volatile oil. Oleum pimentas. P. is used
Pill \_piliih!,i\\m. ol pila, ball]. small, A as an aromatic carminative in flatulence and
round mass containing one or more medicinal locally in chilblains. Dose gr. x-xl (0.65-
substances and used for internal administra- 2.6). Oleum pimentae. Dose 1TLij-v.
tion. P., Blaud's. See Ferrum. P., Blue. (0.13-0.32).
See JMercury. P., Compound Cathartic. Pimpinella genus of
[pim-pin-el'-aJi'). A
See Colocvnthis. P., Griffith's. Synonym uml)elliferous P. anisum, yields
plants.
of P., Blaud's. P.. Lady Webster's, pill anise. P. saxifraga, is said to be diaphor-
of aloes and mastic. P. -mass, a cohesive etic, diuretic, and stomachic, and hr,s been
mass used to hold together the ingredients employed in asthma, dropsy, amenorrhea,
of a pill. etc. Dose 3 ss (2.0).
Pillar pil'-ar) \_pila, a pillar]. A columnar
( Pimple {pim'-pl) [AS., pfpel, a pimple].
structure acting as a support. P. of the A small ]Histule or papule.
Abdominal Ring, one of the columns on Pincet, Pincette {pinse/') [Fr.]. A small
either side of the abdominal ring. P. of the forceps.
Fauces, one of the folds of mucous mem- Pine (p^tit) [pin Its']. A genus of trees of the
brane on either side of the fauces. order Coniferre, yielding turpentine, pitch,
Pilocarpin pi-lo-kar'-pin). See Pilocarpus.
{ tar, and other substances.
Pilocarpus [pi-lo-kar'-ptis) \_pilus, hair; Pineal [pi'-iie-al) [pinus, a pine-cone]. Be-

KopTTOf, fruit]. Jaborandi a South Ameri-
; longing to or sha]ied like a pine-cone. P.
can shrub of the natural order Rutaceas, the Body, P. Gland, a small, reddish-gray,
leaves of which yield two alkaloids, pilocarpin, vascular body situated behind the third ven-
Cj,H|,.N,,02, and jaborin, C.,2H3,NÔ^, which tricle, which is embraced by its two pedun-
resemljles atropin in action. Jaborandi and cles ;
also called the conarium, from its
it is
the alkaloid pilocarpin taken internally pro- conic shape. P. Eye, a rudimentnry third,
duce salivation, fierspiration, and contraction median, or unpaired eye of certain lizards,
of the pupil. They are employed as dia- with wdiich the pineal body of the mammalia
phoretics in dropsy. Bright' s disease, uremia, is homologous.
in rheumatism, and in the early stage of cold. Pinguecula, Pinguicula {pitt-gii'ek'-u-lah,
Pilocarpin is used locally as a miotic. Dose pin-gwik'-ji-lah) [dim. of />/y/t.7</,f, fat]. A
of jaborandi gr. xx-lx (i. 3-4.0). Extrac- small, yellowish- white patch situated on the
tum jaborandi (B. P.) gr. ij-x (0.13-0.65). conjunctiva, between the cornea and the
Extractum pilocarpi fluidum (U. S. P.) TTLxl- canthus of the eye it is
composed of con-
;
Ix (2.6-4.0). Infusum jaborandi (B. P.). nective tissue.

Dose f,^j-ii (32.0-64.0). Pilocarpin hydro- Piniform { pi'-nif-orm) [pinus, ytme forma, \
chlorate (Pilocarpine hydrochloras U. S. P.). form]. Shaped like a pine-cone.

Dose gr. J (0.008). Pilocarpin nitrate (Pilo- Pink-eye. A contagious mucoi)urulent con-
carpinre nitras B. P.). Dose gr. \ (0.008). junctivitis occurring especially
in horses.
PINK-ROOT PITYRIASIS
Pink-root. See Spigelia. Pit [AS., pyt, horn putus, a well or pit], i.
Pinna {pin' -ah) [L.]. The projecting part A depression, as the pit of the stomach, the
of the external ear; the auricle. armpit. 2. To indent by pressing to be- ;
Pint [pint) [Sp.,/'2«/a, a spot, from L., pin- come indented on pressure.
gere, to paint]. The eighth part of a gallon; Pitch [ME. pice hen, to throw]
,
The height .
octarius. Symbol O. of a sound that quality which depends upon

;
Pinta Disease [Sp., spot]. Spotted sick- the relative rapidity of the vibrations that
ness a tropical contagious disease character-
; produce the sound.
ized by scaly spots variable in color, shape, Pitch [AS., //<:, from /?.r, pitch]. A hard,
and size. The disease usually begins on the but viscous, shining substance, breaking with
face and extremities, and is probably due to a a conchoidal fracture, obtained from various
parasite. species of pine and from tar. P., Burgundy
Pinus (//^-;/«.r). See Fitze. Pix burgundica (U. S. P., B. P.) is tiie jjre-
Pip. A contagious disease of fowls charac- pared resinous exudation of Abies excelsa, and
terized by a secretion of thick mucus in the is used in the form of plaster as a counterirri-
throat and mouth. tant in chronic rheumatism. Preparations :
Piper (pi' -per) [L.]. See Pepper. Emplastrum picis burgundicce (U. S. P.) and
Pin-worm. See Oxyuris. Emplastrum picis (B. P.) Emplastrum picii
;
Piperazin (pi-per-a'-zin), C^H,gN.^. Diethyl- cantharidatum (U. S. P. ) Emplastrum cal-

;
endiamin, a crystalline substance produced by efaciens (B. P.), warming plaster. P.,
the action of ammonia on ethylene bromid or Canada is obtained from
(Pix canadensis),
chlorid. readily soluble in water.
It is In Aljies canadense, and was formerly used for
watery solutions it acts as an excellent solvent making plasters. P., Liquid, Pix liquida
of uric acid. It is used internally in cases (U. S. P., B. P.). See Tar.
of gout, lithemia, diabetes, and as a sol- Pith [AS.,// Srt. pith]. I. The soft cellular
vent for uric acid calculi. Dose gr. xv a tissue found in the center of the stalks of
day ; for hypodermic use it is best employed plants. 2. To cut off all connection of the
in a two per cent, solution. brain-centers of an animal with the periphery
Piperic [piper' -ik) piper, pepper].
\_
Per- by piercing the brain and spinal cord.
taining to or containing pepper. P. Acid, Pituita [pit-u'-it-ah) [E]. Phlegm; mucus.
Cj.2HjgO^, a monobasic acid obtained by de- Pituitary [pit-u'-it-a-re) \^pituita, phlegm].
composing piperin. Secreting or containing mucus. P. Body,
Piperidin [pi-per'-id-in) [//)>fr, pepper], Cj- a small, reddish-gray, vascular body, weigh-
HijN. A liquid base produced in the de- ing about ten grains, contained within the
composition of piperin. sella turcica of the skull. It consists of two
Piperin {pi'-per-in). See Pepper. portions, the large anterior or oral, and the
Pipet, Pipette {pip-et') [Fr., dim. oi pipe'\. small posterior or cerebral division The ante-
A glass tube open at both ends, but usually rior lobe is derived as a diverticulum from
drawn out to a smaller size at one end. the primitive oral cavity the posterior lobe
;
It is used for transferring small portions of a descends as an outgrowth from the brain,
liquid from one vessel to another. communicating in fetal life with the third
Pipsissewa [pip-sis' -e-wah). See Chima- ventricle. The stalk of this outgrowth re-
phila. mains as the infundiinilum. The pituitary
PirogofTs Operation. A method of ampu- body has attracted much attention on account
tation at the ankle, in which the greater part of pathologic changes in its structure in cer-
of the calcaneum is retained to give length tain obscure diseases, such as acromegaly,
and surface to the stump. See Operations, myxedema, and others. In some cases of
Table of. the affection first named, it has been much
Piscidia erythrina [pis-id'-e-ah er-e-thri'- enlarged. It is also called hypophysis cere-
nah) [//j-fTM, fish ecedere,X.o\'i\\\'\.

;
Jamaica bri. P. Membrane, the Schneiderian mem-
dogwood, a tree of the order LeguminosK, brane.
the bark of which has been used for stupefy- Pituitous [pit-ii' -it-Its) [pitnita, phlegm].
ing fish. It contains a neutral principle, pis- Containing or resembling mucus.
cidin. P. has been used as an anodyne in Pityriasis [pit-ir-i'-as-is) [rr dyjoi', bran].
neuralgia, whooping-cough, and in insomnia. 1. A term applied to various skin-afiections
Dose of the fluid extract fgj (4.0). characterized by fine, branny desquamation.
Piscidin [pis-id' -in). See Piscidia eryth- 2. Seborrhnea sicca. P. capillitii, P. capitis,
rina.
alopecia furfuracea. P. circinata et mar-
Pisiform pis' -if- or in) \_pisum, a pea forma,
[ ; ginata, a disease characterized by an erup-
form]. Pea-shaped. P. Bone, a small tion of rose-colored spots on the trunk, the
bone on the inner and anterior aspect of the limbs, and in the axillae, associated with slight
carpus. fever and itching. P. pilaris. See Kerato-
PITYROID PLASMODIUM
sis pilaris. P. rosea. See P. maculata et the head, produced Ijy the closing of half
circinata. P. rubra, dermatitis exfoliativa, of the coronal suture, giving an oblique
a chronic inflammatory skin-disease, begin- growth to the cranial roof.
ning in one or more localized patches, which Plague (plag) \jTli]yr], a stroke]. con- A
coalesce and gradually invade the whole tagious disease at present endemic in East-
body. The skin is deep-red in color, and ern Asia, l)ut in former times occurring epi-
covered by wliitish vesicles that constantly demically in Europe and Asia Minor. After a
reform. The disease lasts months or years, period of incubation of from three to eight
and generally ends fatally. P. versicolor. days, the disease begins witli fever, pain, and
See Tinea versicolor. swelling of the lymphatic glands, chiefly the
Pityroid {pil'-ii-oid) \j^L-vpov, bran; eMof, femoral,inguinal, axillary, and cervical.
like]. Branny. Headache, delirium, vomiting, and diarrhea
Pix {piks) [L.]. Pitch. P. liquida. See may be present. In cases that are going on
Tar.^ to recovery the temperature usually falls in
Placebo [pla-se'-bo) [L., I will please, from about a week. The cause of the disease is
placere, to please]. A
medicine given for believed to be a bacillus found by Kitasato in
the purpose of pleasing or humoring the pa- the blood, buboes, and internal organs of the
tient, rather than for its therapeutic effect. victims of the plague.
Placenta [p/a-sen^-ta/i) [tvIukovq, a cake]. Planta {plan'-tah) [L.]. The sole of the
The organ on the wall of the uterus, to which foot.
the embryo is attached by means of the um- Plantar plan' -tar')
[^ planta, sole of the
\^
bilical cord and from which it receives its foot]. Pertaining to the sole of the foot. P.
nourishment. It is developed about the Arch. See Arch. P. Fascia, the dense trian-
third month of gestation, from the chorion of gular shaped aponeurosis occupying the mid-
the embryo and the decidua serotina of the dle and sides of the sole of the ft)ot beneath
uterus. The villi of the chorion enlarge and the integument. P. Reflex. See Reflexes,
are received into depressions of the decidua, Table of.
and around them Itlood-sinuses form, into Plantaris {plan-fa' -ris) \_pla)ita, so\q of the
which, by diflusion, the waste-materials foot], âe Muscles, Table of.
brought from the fetus by the umliilical ar- Plantigrade {plan'-te-grad) [//(?«/(?, sole ;
teries pass, and from which the blood receives gradi, to walk]. Bringing the entire length
oxygen and food-material, being returned to of the sole of the foot to the ground in walk-
the fetus by the umbilical vein. At term ing, as is seen in the bear.
the placenta weighs one pou\:d, is one inch Plaque (//<7^) [Fr.]. A patch. P., Blood-.
thick at its center, and seven inches in diam- See Blood-plaque.
eter. P., Adherent, one that is abnormally Plasma {plaz'-mali) [7r?iO(T//(7, a thing
adherent to the uterine wall after child- molded, from vr'Adaaeiv, to mold]. I. The
birth. P., Battledore, one in which the fluid part of the blood and the lymph. See
insertion of the cord is at the margin of the Blood-plasma. P. -cells, large, granular cells
pilacenta. P, prsevia, a placenta that is found in the connective tissue. P., Lymph-,
fixed to that part of the uterine wall that be- the fluid part of the lymph. P., Muscle-.
comes stretched as labor advances, so that it See 3/uscle. 2. Glycerite of starch.
precedes the advance of the presenting part Plasmatic {plaz-mat'-ik)\_plasiiia'\. Pertain

of the fetus. Being detached before the ing to plasma. P. Layer, the layer of
birth of the child, it generally causes grave plasma next to the wall of a capillary.
hemorrhage. P., Retained, one not ex- Plasmin {plaz'-iuin) \_plasijia'\.
A name
pelled by the uterus after labor. P. succen- given to the precipitate obtained from blood
turiata, fn accessory placenta. by treating it with a saturated solution of so-
Placental [pla-sen'-tal^ \_place7iia'\. Per- dium sulphate, allowing the corpuscles to
taining to the placenta. P. Murmur, P. subside, then precipitating the plasma with
Souffle, a sound attributed to the circulation sodium chlorid, and washing the precipitate
of blood in the placenta. with a saturated solution of sodium chlorid.
Placentation [pla-seii-fa'-sJiun) \_placenta'\. Plasmodium {plaz-nio'-de-ttm) [7r7<i(T//(7.,
a
The formation and mode of attachment of thing molded; eldoQ, form]. The mass of
the placenta. protoplasm formed by the fusion of two or
Placentitis {pla-sen-ti'-tis') [^placenta ; irtr, more amebiform bodies. P. malariae, a
inflammation]. Inflammation of the jjlacenta. protozoon parasite found in the blood of
Plagiocephalic [pla-je-o-sef-al' -ik) [TrXdywf, persons suffering from malaria. Many differ-
oblique, twisted; KE(âA7i, head]. Having ent forms have been observed, which by
a skull exhibiting plagiocephaly. some are held to be stages in the life-history
Plagiocephaly {pla-je-o-sef'-al-e) [irAuyioQ, of the same organism, by others to be differ-
oblique; /cei/ia/ly, head]. A malformation of ent species. The development and multipli-
PLASMOGEN PLATINUM
cation of the organism take place within the organized by the development in it of blood
red cor[)uscles. In intermittent fever the vessels and connective tissues.
small intracorpuscular body enlarges and Plasticity {plas-tis'-it-e) [TrAdcrcrfu', to mold].
gradually fiU.s the entire cell, becoming pig- I. Plastic force. 2. I'he quality of being
mented at the same time. The pigment- plastic.
granules are formed from the hemoglobin of Plastid [p/as'-tid] [7r?;d(j(Tf«'. to mold]. An
the blood corpuscle. When the plasmodia elementary organism a cell or cytode. ;
have ac(|uired a certain size, the pigment- Plastidule' [plas' -tid-ul) [dim of plastid,
granules begin to aggregate at the center of from 7r/iacr(7t7i', to mold]. A protoplasmic
the body. At this time, in the quartan form, molecule one of the physical units of which
;
the organism becomes radially striate, or living matter is composed.

roset-shaped. The further step consists in the Plastin \_-\daatLv, to mold].
{plas'-tiii) A
breaking up of the organisms into a number phosphorized proteid, constituting the chief
of small spheric bodies, the young plasmodia. proteid of protoplasm.
The blo(5d-corpuscle is destroyed, and the Plate {plut) [Tr^LftTi'f, broad]. A flattened
small, free elements enter other red cells. part, especially a flattened process of bone,
Peculiar crescentic bodies, intraglobular and as the cribriform P. of the ethmoid bone,
extiaglobular, have also been described. the orbital P. of the frontal bone, the tym-
They may occur in acute forms, but are most panic P. of the temporal bone. P., Approxi-
constant in malarial cachexia. The signifi- mation-, one of the plates of decalcified
cance of certain flagellate bodies has not bone or other material that aie used in en-
been fully determined. terectomy to bring the resected ends of in-
Plasmogen [phiz'-riio-Jeii) \_TrMa[ia, a thing testine together. P. -culture, a method of
molded; yEvvav, to produce]. Formative obtaining pure cultures of ]:)acteria by pour-
protoplasm, germ-plasm, bioplasm. ing the inoculated culture-medium upon
Plasson {/>/ers^-soti [7r/(i(7fffa', to form or sterile glass-plates and allowing it to solidify.
mold]. Primitive or undifierentiated proto- P., Dorsal, one of the two longitudinal
plasm the protoplasm of the cell in the non-
; ridges on the dorsal surface of the embryo
nucleated or cytode stage. which subse([uently join to form the neural
Plaster [plas'-tfr) \tniplastnii)t, from 1 1', in ;
canal. P., Frontal, in the fetus, a cartilag-
i^'kdaaEiv, to mold]. I. An adhesive, semi- inous plate interposed between the lateral
solid substance spread upon cloth or other parts of the ethmoid cartilage and the lesser
flexible material for application to the sur- wings and anterior jxirtion of the sphenoid
face of the body. P., Adhesive, resin plas- bone. P., Frontonasal, the middle of the
ter. P., Court-, a plaster prepared by facial which subsequently forms the
plates,
spreading a mixture of isinglass upon silk. external nose. P., Lateral Mesoblastic,
P., Diachylon-. See Plu'iibiim. P. -mull, the thick portion of the mesoblast situated
a plaster made by incorporating with mull or one on each side of the notochord. Each
thin muslin a mixture of gutta-percha and plate splits into two jiortions, the outer divi-
some medicament dissolved in benzin. It is sions coalescing to form the body- wall, or
used in skin-diseases. P., Mustard-, one somatopleure, the inner, to form the splanch-
made by spreading upon muslin powdered nopleure, or visceral covering.
mustard, or a mixture of mustard and flour Platinic { p/at-in'-ik) \^phitiiutiu\ Contain-
reduced to the consistency of paste by the ing platinum as a quadrivalent element.
addition of water. P., Spice-, a plaster Platinode {plat'-iii-od) \_platiniiiit : (jJdf,
composed of yellow wax, suet, turpentine, way]. The collecting plate of an electric
oil of nutmeg, olibanum, benzoin, oil of pep- battery, so called because formerly often
permint, and oil of cloves, and used to relieve made of platinum.
abdominal iwin in children. P., Warming, Platinous [plat' in-iis) \_platitiinii\ Con-
a plaster of pitch and cantharides, the Em- taining platinum as a bivalent element.
plastrum picis cum cantharide. 2. Plaster of Platinum [plat'-in-mn) [Sp., platina, dim.
Paris, a mixture of calcium sulphate (gypsum) oi plata, silver]. A
silver-white metal oc-
and water, having the property of becoming curring native or alloyed with other metals;
hard during drying. It is used for surround- atomic weight 195 ; sp. gr. 21.5; quantivalence
ing jiarts, si.ch as joints, fractured limbs, etc., II and IV ; symbol Pt. It is fusible only at
with a stiff" casing, to prevent mobility. very high temperatures, and is insoluble in
Plastic {phis' -tik) \_tx\aaaELv, to mold] I . . all acids
except aqua regia. On account
Formative building up tissues repairing of these properties it is extensively used for
defects,
;
as
P. surgery, P. operation.
;
2. —
chemic apparatus crucibles, foils, wire, etc. ;
Capable of being molded. P. Lymph, the it is also

employed as a reagent. P. occurs,
inflammatoiy exudate that covers wounds or aside from its ordinary metallic form, as
inflamed serous surfaces, and which becomes a spongy mass (spongy P.) and as a fine
PLATY- PLEURITIC
metallic powder (P.-black), which is capable reddish color of the face, a full pulse, a feel-
of condensing a great deal of oxygen, and ing of fulness and tension in the head,
hence acts as a powerful oxidizing agent. drowsiness, and a tendency to nose-bleed.
P. forms two sets of compounds, a platinous Plethoric {pUth'
-
0- rik)
[-/.f/6or, fulness].
series, in which it acts as a dyad, and a Pertaining to or characterized by plethora.
platinic series, in which it acts as a tetrad. Plethysmograph [pletli-iz'-nio-graf) [-/.f/O-
Platinic chlorid, PtCl^, is used as a reagent v(7//u^, increase ; ypdcpen', to write]. An
to detect potassium and ammonium also in ; instrument for ascertaining changes in the
syphilis, in doses of gr. i-|- (0.0x38-0.03). volume of an organ or part, de]iendent upon
Platy- [p/dt'-e) [rr/iuri'f, broad]. A prefix changes in the quantity of the blood.
signifying bi-oad. Pleura [pltd-rali) \j:7.evpa, rib]. The
Platycephalic, Platycephalus {plat-is-ef- serousmembrane enveloping the lung (pul-
al'-ik, plat-is-ef'-al-us) [Tr/larff, wide ;
kz- monary P., visceral P.), and which, being
head].
(fa'/j], Having a broad skull with a reflected back, lines the inner surface of
vertical index of less than 70. the thorax (costal P., parietal P.). P.,
Platycnemia {^plat-e-k)ie'-me-ah') \_'K}Mr'vr, Diaphragmatic, the reflection of the pleura
broad ; uriii-'U, leg]. The state of being upon the ui^per surface of the diaphragm.
nlatycnemic. Pleural {plu'-ral) \T:7izvpa, rib]. Pertain-
Platycnemic {plat-e-kne^-tnik) \Tv7MTvg, ing to the pleura.
broad; Kvijiui, leg]. Having a tibia which Pleuralgia {plu-ral'-je-ah) \jr7.tvpa, rib;
is
exaggerated in breadth broad-legged. ; a'/yor, pain]. Intercostal neuralgia.
Platyhieric [p!at-c-hi-cr'-ic) [TrPârff, broad ; Pleurapophysis [^pln-rap-off'-is-is) {jrlevpa,
/f/wf, holy; sacrum]. Having abroad sac- rib ; andcpvaig, process] One of the lateral
.
rum having a sacral index of more than loo.

•
processes of a vertebra, having the morpho-

Platypellic [plat-e-pel'-ifi) [TrAari'f , wide ; logic valence of a rib.
Ft'/,'/ a, basin]. Having a broad pelvis. Pleurisy {plu'-ris-e) \_-K7.Evpa, rib]. Pleuri-
Platypodia (J>lat-epo' -dc-ah) \j^7mtv<;, broad ; tis inflammation of the pleura.
; It may be
TTOi'c, foot]. Flat-footedness. acute or chronic. Three chief varieties are
Platyrrhine {plat'-ir-iii) [ Ti/ârif , broad; usually described, depending upon the char-
nose].
pt'f, Having a broad and flat nose; acter of the exudate [d] Fibrinous or plas-
:
having a nasal index above 53. tic ;

{J))
Serofibrinous ; (c) Purulent. In
Platysma myoides [phit-iz'-mah mi-oi'-dez) fibrinous P., the pleura is covered with a
[-Aart'c, broad].See Mttscles, Table of. layer of lymph of variable thickness, which,
Playfair's Treatment. See Rest-cure. in the acute form, can be readily stripped off.
Pledget piej'-et) [ origin obscure, perhaps
(
Serofibrinous P., is characterized by the pres-
dim. o{ plug^ A small flattened compress. ence of a considerable quantity of fluid con-
Pleochroic i^ple-o-kro'-ik). See Pltochro- taining flocculi of lymph, and the deposit of
niatic. some fibrin on the pleural surface. Purulent
Pleochroism {^ple-ok'-ro-izm') \ji7iidv, more ; P., or empyema, is characterized by the pres-
Xpoia, color]. The property possessed by ence of a purulent exudate. Acute pleurisy
some bodies, especially crystals, of present- is marked by and stabbing pain
sharp
ing different colors when viewed in the by breathing and
(stitch) in the side, increased
direction of different axes. coughing by fever,
;
and by a frictit)n-fremi-
Pleochromatic [ple-o-kro-viat'-ilt) [tt^^cwv, tus felt on palpation and a to-and-fro fric-
,
more; j/j(j«a, color]. Pertaining to or ex- tion-sound heard on auscultation. In the
hibiting pleochroism. serofibrinous variety a liquid effusion takes
Pleomorphic more
{^ple-o-tnor' -fik) [TrAfuv, ; place, the signs of which are bulging of the :
//fi/iO//, form]. Having more than one form. intercostal spaces and chest-wall, absence of
[pie 0- mor'-Jizm) {_-lkui\ vocal
-
Pleomorphism fremitus, displacement of the heart,
more ;
form]. The state of being
fiop(prj, movable dulness with a curved upper line,
pleomorphic, i. e., of existing in widely dif- and a tympanitic percussion-note (Skodaic
ferent forms. resonance) beneath the clavicle and above
Plesiomorphous {p!e-se-o-mor'-fus) [7r/l;/(7/of,
the level of the eftusion. Chronic P. may be
near; itopiî], form]. Crystallizing in simi- dry or serofibrinous. P., Encysted, pleurisy
lar forms but differing in chemic composi- in which the effusion is circumscribed by
tion. adhesions. P., Hemorrhagic, a variety in
Plessimeter ( ples-hn^-ct-er). See Plexi- which the exudate contains blood. P., Medi-
yneter. astinal, inflammation of the pleural layers
Plessor {pies' -or'). See Plexor. about the mediastinum. P., Metapneu-
Plethora [plet/i'- o- ra/i) [rrlyfiupT], nTifjOoq, monic, pleurisy dependent upon a pneu-
^
fulness]. A state characterized by an excess monia.
of bluod in the vessels, and marked by Pleuritic [plu-rit'-ik] ing, in-
[TzlEv()d, rib ;
36
PLEURITIS PLUMBUM
flamraation]. Pertaining to, affected with, and the deep, the phrenic, communicans noni,
or of the nature of pleurisy. two muscular, and two communicating
Pleuritis (//^-zi'-Zw) [^nAevpd, rib; inf, in- branches. P., Choroid. See Choroid. P.,
flammation]. See Pleurisy. Pampiniform, the spermatic plexus, a plexus
Pleuro- [plu'-ro-) prefix
[irAsvpa, rib]. A of veins collecting the blood from the testicle.
denoting connection with the pleura or with Plica (///^-X-«//) [L.]. A
fold. Plic^ pal-
a side. matae, radiating folds in the mucous mem-
Pleurodynia {plu-ro-din'-e-ah) [rrZefpa, rib ;
brane of the cervix. P. polonica, Polish
bivvij, pain]. A
sharp pain in the intercostal plait ;
a matted, entangled condition of the
muscles, of rheumatic origin. hair, due to want of cleanliness in certain
Pleurogenic, Pleurogenous [plu-ro-jen'-ik, diseases of the scalp. P. semilunaris, a
phi-rof-en-Hs) [-/eiyja, rib yevvav, to pro-
; conjunctival fold in the inner canthus of the
duce]. Originating in the pleura. eye, the rudiment of the membrana nictitans
Pleuroperitoneal {plu
- ro -
-per e-ton-e^-al) of birds.
\_-7.Evpd,
rib -epLTovaiov, peritoneum]
;
Per- . Plicate {pli'-kai) \_plicare,io ioXd']. Folded,
taining to the pleura and the peritoneum. plaited.
Pleuropneumonia (p/u ro mi mo'- ne-ah)
- - -
Plumbic [piitm'-bik] [pli/ml>itm,\Ga.6J]. Per-
[~/£i'pd, rib; ttvevucjv,
lung]. Combined taining to or containing lead.
inflammation of the pleura and the lung, Plumbism {phun'-bizm) \_phuiibum, lead].
especially a contagious variety occurring in I/ead-poisoning.
cattle. Plumbum {phifn'-bum) [L.]. Lead, a blu-
Pleurosoma {^plu-ro-so' -maK) [-?.£i'/)d,
rib ;
ish-white metal occumng in nature chiefly
aijna, abody]. A variety of monsters of the as the sulphid, PbS, known as galena atomic
;
species celosoma, in which there is a lateral weight 207; sp. gr. 1 1. 38; quanti valence
eventration with atrophy or imperfect devel- II and IV ; symbol Pb. The salts of lead
opment of the upper extremity on the side of are poisonous, producing, in sufficient doses,
the eventration. gastroenteritis ingested
;
in small quantities
Pleurosthotonos {plu-ros-thot'-o-7ios). See over a long period of time chronic lead-poison-
Pleiirothotonos. ing is produced. 'See Lead-poisoning. Plum-
Pleurothotonos {plii-ro-thot' -o-nos) \_-7xv- bi acetas, lead acetate, Pb(C2H3()2),. 3H2O ;
poOev, from the side; reivecv, to bend]. A sugar of lead. It is used as an astringent
form of tetanic spasm of the muscles in which in diarrhea and dysentery, as a hemostatic,
the body is bent to one side. and as an astringent and sedative in gonor-
Pleurotomy (p/u-rol'-o-me) \_-/.£vpd, rib; rhea, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, etc. Dose
a cutting].
TOfir/,
Incision into the pleura. gr. j-iij (0.065—0.20). Prom it are prepared :
Plexiform ^pleks'-if-orni) \_pL'xus ; forma, Liquor plumbi subacetatis (U. S. P.) (see
form]. Resembling a network or plexus. Pliimbi snbaeetas) Unguentum
; plumbi ace-
Pleximeter [pleks-im'-et-er) [wTJj^lq, a stroke; tatis (B. P.)-;Suppositoria plumbi composita
perpov, measure]. A
disc placed on the (B. P.); Pilula plumbi cum opio (B. P.).
body to receive the stroke in mediate percus- Plumbi carbonas, lead carbonate, white
sion. lead, (PbC03)2.Pb(OH)2, isu.ed as a local
Pleximetric (^pleks-e- tiiet'-rik') [7rZ7/f(f, a sedative in ointments and in face-powders.
stroke; /zf-por, measure]. Pertaining to or The prolonged use of the latter has caused
performed with a pleximeter. poisoning. From it is prepared Unguentum
Plexor {pleks'-07-) [TrAfj^Lg, stroke]. A ham- plumbi carbonatis ( U. S. P. ) Plumbi chlori-
.
mer used for performing percussion. dum, lead chlorid, PbCl,, is used like the
Plexus [pleks'-its) \_pleLtere, to knit]. A carbonate. Plumbi iodidum, lead icdid,
network, especially an aggregation of vessels Pbl2, is used as a local astringent and ab-
or nerves forming an intricate network. P., sorbent in Unguentum plumbi iodidi (U. S.
Brachial, a plexus formed in the neck by P., B. P.) and Emplastrum plumbi iodidi
the union of the anterior branches of the (B. P.). Plumbi nitras, lead nitrate, Pb-
lower four cervical and the greater part of (NOj),, is used locally as a sedative to ex-
the first dorsal nerves. Its branches are the coiiated surfaces, as sore nipples, cha]->|ied
rhomboid, subclavian* suprascapular, exter- hands; in gonorrhea, leukorrhea; in onychia
nal anterior thoracic, musculocutaneous, sub- maligna, etc. Ledoyen^s disinfecting fluid
scapular, median, musculospiral, posterior is a solution of lead nitrate of the strength of
thoracic, internal anterior thoracic, internal one dram to the ounce. Plumbi oxidum, lead
cutaneous, lesser internal cutaneous, and oxid, litharge, PbO, is used for making lead
ulnar nerves. P., Cervical, a plexus in the plaster (Emplastrum plumbi), as an external
neck formed by the anterior branches of the application to irritated surfaces, and in the
upper four cervical nerves. Its branches are arts, for glazing pottery, and as an ingredient
the snperjicial^ to skin of the head and neck ; of fluid glass. Lead Plaster with olive oil
PLUMMER'S FILLS PNEUMOMETER
constitutes UngueiUuiu diachylon (U. S. P.). of the force of respiration. 2. The treatment
Plumbi oxidum rubrum, red leatl, minium, of pulmonary and circulatory diseases by
is used extensively in the arts as a paint and means of a pneumatic apparatus.
in the miaiulacture of glass. Plumbi sub- Pneumatosis {nu-inat-o' -sis) \jTvevuLa, air].
acetas, lead subacetate, a basic salt, is used The presence of gas or air in abnormal
in the form of Licjuor plumbi subacetatis (U. places, or in an excessive quantity where a
S. P., L). P.), Goulard's extract, and Licjuor little exists normally.
plumbi subacetatis dilutus (U. S. P., C. P.), Pneumatotherapy \uii mat - -
ther'- ap
-
e)
lead- water, as a sedative and astringent in in- [-i-'£f'//a, air; Utpaneia, treatment]. The
flammations and burns. It is also a constit- treatment of diseases by means of com-
uent of CerLtum ]ilumbi subacetatis. Plumbi pressed or rarefied air.
tannas, leav\ tannate, is used as a sedative Pneumatothorax [nu-ntat-o-tho' -raks). Syn-

astringent. onym of Pneumothorax.
Plummer's Pills. .See Antimonium. Pneumaturia {nu-viat-u^-7-e-ah)\_~vEviîa, air;
Plutomania yphi-to-ma' -ne-ali) [TTôDrof, urina, urine]. The evacuation of urine con-
wealth ; fiav'ia, madness]. An insane belief taining free gas.
that one is the possessor of great wealth. Pneumectomy (tiu-mek' -to-me). ^tt& Ptieu-
Pneograph [iie'-o-graf) breathe

\_~velv, to ; moneetot/iv.
;/)(;ot(], to write]. An instrument for re- Pneumo- (jiu' -luo-) [Trrff'/m, air, or Trvpi'y/wi',
cording the force and character of the current lung]. A prefix denoting pertaining to the
of air during respiration. lung. See Pneutiioiio-.
Pneometer [ne - oin '- et - ey). Synonym of Pneumobacillus [nu-mo-bas-il'-us). See
Spiroi/ieh'r. Bactei'ia^ Table of.
Pneoscope [.Tveir, to breathe
iîic' -o-skbp) ; Pneumocele [7iu'-t?io-sel). Synonym of
ckotteIv, to
examine]. An instrument for Piieuniatocele.
measuring respiratory movements. Pneumocentesis (iiu-iiio-sen-te'-sis) \j:vtv-
Pneumarthrosis {iiu-mar-thro' -sis) [7Ti'e£yâ, fiuv, lung; KEVTijaiQ, puncture]. Paracen-
air; apdpor, a joint]. A collection of air or tesis of the lung, especially for the purpose
gas in a joint. of evacuating a cavity.
Pneumathemia {nii-ina-the' -tiie-ah) \jzvzl'na, Pneumococcus {nu-iiio-kok'-us). See Bac-
air ; aiiui, blood]. The presence of gas in teria, Table of.
the blood-vessels. Pneumoconiosis {jiu-mo-kon-e-o' -sis). See
Pneumatic [mi-mai^-ik) [nvEvua, air], i. Pneumonokotiiosis.
Pertaining to air or gas. 2. Pertaining to Pneumogastric [uii-iiu^-gas' -trik) \nvzviiuv,
I. Pertaining con-
respiration. 3. Pertaining to compressed or lung; stomach].
}'aoT7/p,
rarefied air. P. Speculum. See Siegle' s jointly to the lungs and the stomach. 2.
Speculum. P. Trough, a trough partly filled Pertaining to the pneumogastric or vagus

with water for facilitating the collection of nerve. P. Nerve. See A'erves, Table of.
gases. Pneumograph [iiu^-tno-gi-af) [Kvevfuov,
Pneumatics [iiu-inat'-iks) [Tn'ty/za, air]. lung; -}pa(pctv, to write]. An instrument
The branch of physics treating of the physi- for recording the movements of the chest in
cal properties of air and gases. respiration.
Y'nt.\xvs\a.X.o-{>tu-mat'-o-')\TTV(.viia, air, breath]. Pneumography (ftit-mog'-rafe) \_-:Tve'vpw\\
A prefix denoting pertaining to air, gas, or lung jpdfeiv, to write]
; description of
. A
breath. the lungs.
Pneumatocele (ûu'-mat-o-scf) \_-vtvita, air ; Pneumohemothorax (uu
-
mo hem
- -
0- iho'-
K7/./;, tumor]. I. A
swelling containing air raks) [TTvev/zfl, air a'tpa, blood
; Oupa^, tho- ;
or gas. 2. A hernia of the lung. 3. A rax]. A

collection of air or gas, and blood,
swelling of the scrotum produced by the in the pleural cavity.
presence of gas. Pneumohydropericardium (uti-mo-hi-dro-

Pneumatogram [nu^-/uaf-o-gm»i) \_-rcvfia, per-e-kar^-de-u/u)[_Kvevfta, air; iiScjp, water;
breath; -}pniiun, inscription]. A tracing pericardium'\. An accumulation of air and
showing the frequency, diuation, and depth fluid in the pericardial cavity.
of the respiratory movements. Pneumohydrothorax {itu
- mo -
hi - di-o-tho' '
Pneumatology (iiu-iiuit-oF -o-je) \jvv£Vfm, raks) [-i'f iym, air vScop, \vater
;
ddypa^, tho- ;
breath; '/Myoq, knowledge]. I. The science rax]. A collection of air or gas, and fluid,
of respiration. 2. The science of gases ; also in the pleural cavity.
their use as therapeutic agents. Pneumokoniosis. See Pnetwionokoniosis .
Pneumatometer [itu-tnai-oni'-et-er). See Pneumolith {nu'-mo-lith) [Trrfiy/wr, lung ;
Spirof/ie/cr. ?.iOnr, a stone]. A calculus of the lung.

Pneumatometry {uu-iiiatoni^-et-re) l_iTvev/ia, Pneumometer {jiu-juom'-et-er). Synonym
air; fitrpov, measure], i. The measurement of Spirometer,
PNEUMOMETRY PNEUMONOKONIOSIS
Pneumometry [tin- main'- et- re). Same as cough, and the expectoration of a peculiar
Spiroiiit'try-
rust-colored sputum. The fever remains high
Pneumonectasia, Pneumonectasis {nn- until about the ninth day, when it falls by
i)ion-ek-ta' -ze-ah , nU'inon ck'-tcs-is) \_-\-i;v-
crisis.The disease generally involves the
fiLjv, lung ; eKT(iai(;, distention]. Empliy- lower lobe of the right lung and is accom-
sema of the lung. panied by a fibrinous pleurisy. In the
Pneumonectomy {iiu inou-ek'-toine) \_-vz'v- early stage the lung is intensely congested
fiuv, lung ; kiiTO/iy, excision] . E.\cision of a (stage of congestion) ; soon there is an nxu-
dalion into the vesicles causing solidification
portion of a lung.
Pneumonia {)iu-mo'-iie-ah) [-i'f/'//6jr, lung]. of the lobe (stage of consolidation). The
Inflammation of the lung, pneumonitis. Used lung in the beginning of this Mage is dark-
without qualification, the term implies lobar red and resembles liver-tissue (stage of red
pneumonia, q. v. P., Alcoholic, the crou- hepatization), later it becomes gray (stage of
In favorable cases
pous pneumonia of drunkards, often asso- gray hepatization).
ciated with delirium, and very fatal. P., the exudate is absorbed and expectorate?
Apex-, P., Apical, croupous pneunuinia of (stage of resolution). P., Lobular. Syn
the apex of a lung. P., Aspiration-, a bron- onyni of Bronchopneumonia and P., Catar-
chopneumonia due to the inspiration of food- rhal. P., Massive, lobar P. in which not
particles or other
irritant substances into the only the air-cells, but the bronchi of an entire
lung. P., Catarrhal. Synonym of Bro)i- lobe, or even of a lung, are filled with the
P., Central, a croupous fibrinous exudate. P., Pleurogenic, P.,
chopneiinioiiia.
pneumonia beginning in the interior of a Pleurogenous, secondary to disease of
P.
lobe of the lung. The physical signs are the pleura. P., Purulent, one characterized
obscure until the inllammation reaches the by the formation of pus it
appears under
;
surface. P., Croupous. See /'. Lobar. three forms suppuration of the minute
—purulent
:
,
P., Deglutition-. Synonym of P., Aspira- bronchi and air-vesicles catarrh ;

tion-. P., Desquamative, a form charac- true abscess of the lung supjiurative lymphan-
;
terized chiefly by an intense desquamation gitis and perilymphangitis. P., Septic, lobular
of the cells lining the air-vesicles, a prolifera- P. due to the inspiration of septic material or to
tion of the connective-tissue cells of the septa septic emboli. P., Syphilitic, inflammation of
between the vesicles, and the exudation of a the lung due to syphilis and manifesting itself
scanty albuminous fluid. The exudate gen- as the white pneumonia of the fetus ; as gum-
erally undergoes caseous degeneration. P., mata of the lung; as interstitial pneumonia,
Rmbolic, pneumonia due to embolism of the taking its origin at the root of the lung and
vessels of the lung. P., Fibrinous. See passing along the bronchi and vessels and as ;
P., Lobar. P., Fibroid, P., Fibrous. acute syphilitic phthisis, analogous to acute
Synonym of P., Interstitial. P., Hyposta- pneumonic phthisis. P., Tubular. Synonym
tic, a lobular P. occurring in the dependent of Bronchopneumonia. P., White, a catar-
rhal form of pneumonia occurring in a syph-
portions of the lungs of persons debilitated
by age or disease, and depending on the ilitic fetus and resulting in death. By an
weakened circulation and respiration and the overgrowth of epithelium in the air-vesicles
dorsal decubitus. P., Insular. Synonym the cells die, and fatty degeneration follows,
of i". Lobular. P., Interstitial, filiroid P.,
, giving the lungs a white ap])earance, with
cirrhosis of the lung; a chronic inllammation the imprint of the ribs on their surface.
- of the lung, characterized by an increase of Pneumonic {nu-mon'-ik) [-ffiyywr, lung].
the connective tissue. It may be due to the Pertaining to the lungs or to pneumonia.
inhalation of excessive quantities of coal-dust P. Phthisis, tuberculosis affecting a whole
or other irritant particles (pneumonokoniosis); lobe of the lung.
it may be a termination of lobar pneumonia Pneumonitis (;/«-W(';/-/^-/'/j') [ti'si'v/wf, lung:
or bronchopneumonia it
may be due to tu-
; /r/f , inflammation]. Pneumonia.
berculosis, or to extension of a chronic inflam- Pneumono- [ntc-mon'-o-) \_-!rvei!iu,n\ lung].
mation from the pleura. P., Lobar, crou- A prefix denoting pertaining to the lungs.
pous P., lung-fever; an acute infectious dis- Pneumonocele {nu-mon'-o-seL) [irvEv/iuv,
ease characterized by an inflammation of one lung; k;)/7/, tumor, hernia]. Hernia of the
or more lobes of the lung, the affected parts lung.
becoming consolidated, owing to the exuda- Pneumonokoniosis [nu-mon-o-hon-e-o^-sis)
tion of cells and fibrin into the air-vesicles. lung ; Kovia, dust].
[nvevjLiijv , general termA
The exciting cause is usually the diplococcus applied to chronic induration or
fibrous in-
pneumonia; of Frankel, but other microorgan- flammation of the lungs due to the inhalation
isms may produce it. The disease sets in of dust. Various names are given to it
with a chill, which is followed by a rapid according to the kind of dust causing the in-
rise of the hurried respiration,
temperature, flammation anthracosis, that due to the in-
:
PNEUMONOMETER POINT
halation of coal-dust ; siderosis, tliat due to Podagra {pod-a' -graft ) \j:ovq, foot ; aypa,
inhalation of metallic dust ; ika/icosis, that seizure]. Ciout, especially of the great toe
due to the inhalation of mineral dust. or the joints of the foot.
Pneumonometer [jm-vion-oi)i' -et-ei). Syn- Podalgia [pod-al' -je-ah) {jro'ix, foot ; a/.jof,
onym of Spirometer. pain]. Pain in the foot.
Pneumonornycosis [uit-i/ion-o-z/ii-io'-sis) Podalic (/()</-(?/'-/a') [T(;/'f, foot]. Pertaining
\_-vt'rfiu)v, luiiii" ; /il'io/c, fungus]. Any disease to the feet. P. Version, the operation of
of the lung due to fungi. changing the position of the fetus in utero so
-per-e- kar'-
-
Pneumopericardium [//u nto as to bring the feet to the outlet.
Je~iii//) \jTra'!ta, air; TTf/i/, about; Kap6ia, Podelcoma {pod-el-ko'-mah). See Fungits-
heart]. The presence of air in the pericar- foot.
dial sac. It is due to traumatism, or to com-
Podencephalus [pod-en-sef'-al-tis) [~orf,
munication between the pericardium and foot ; kjK£(j)a'Aoq , brain] A
variety of mon-
.
the esophagus, stomach, or lungs, and is ster of the species

exencephalus, in which
marked by tympany over the precordial re- there is a protrusion of the cranial contents
gion, and peculiar metallic heart-sounds. from tlie top of the head.
-
Pneumopyopericardium {lui i/io-pi-o-per- Pododynia i^pod-o-diii'-e-aJi) [-o/r, foot ;
e-kar'-de-um) [7r!'fr//a, air; t^vov, pus; •Kipi, ocVi'vr/, pain]. Pain in the foot,
especially a
about Kapdia, heart].
;
The presence of air neuralgic pain intheheelunattendedby swell-
or gas and pus in the pericardial sac. ing or redness.
-
Pneumopyothorax {>iu vio-pi-o-tho'-raks) Podophyllin {pod-o-fil'-i)i). See Podophyl-
[7rvet),«a, air; pus 6(j/jff^, chest]. The
TTf'ffi', ; lion.
presence of air and pus in the pleural cavity. Podophyllotoxin {pod-o-fd-o-toks' -in). See
Pneumorrhagia [iiu - vior- a' -jc-ah). See J\>dop/iytltim.
Plemoptysis. Podophyllum {pod-o-fil'-um) {jxo'cr. foot ;
Pneumotherapy [itii-nio-ther' -ap-e') \j:vsvna, leaf]. The May-ajiple or mandrake,

^('•A/o!',
air, or
Tn>E!'/n,ji\ lung Otpmrela, treatment].
; P. peltatum, of the natural order Berlieridese.
I. The treatment of diseases of the The rhizome and roots (P., U. S. P., B. P.)
lung. 2.
See PneuDiatotherapy. contain an active resin, podophyllin (Resina
Pneumothorax [iiu-mo-tho'-raks) \j:vEviia, podophylli, U. S. P.), podophyllotoxin (Cjj-
ail-; Odipai:, chest]. The presence of air or H.jÔg +
2H,^0), having properties similar to
in the those of the resin
gas pleural cavity. It is produced by
picropodophyllin, a deri-
;
]3erforating wounds of the chest, by the rup- vative of podo])hyllotoxin and podophyllo- ;
ture of an abscess or tuberculous cavity of the quercetin. P. is used in medicine as a laxa-

lung, by the rupture of an emphysematous tive in chronic constipation and as a cathartic
vesicle, or the evacuation of an empyema in hepatic congestion and bilious fever. Dose
into the lung or through the chest-wall. It of the resin (Podophylli resina, B. P.), gr. y^-
is marked by dyspnea, shock, pain, a tym- j^ (0.008-0.03) of podophyllotoxin, gr. J4f-
;
panitic (sometimes a dull) percussion-note y, (0.016-0.03). Extractum podophylli (U.

over the affected side, displacement of the S. P.), dose gr. j-v
(0.065-0.32). Extractum
heart, bell-tympany, and diminished respira- podophylli fluidum (U. S. P. ), TT\îj-xx (0.13-
tory murmur. 1.3). Tinctura podophylli (B. P.), TT^^xv-f^j
Pneumotomy [1121
-
mot' -0- me) \Txvtviiuv, (1.0-4.0).
lung; Tofii], a cutting]. Incision of the Poikilocyte {poi' -kil-o-sit)[;ro/m7.of varied , ;
lung. KvTOf;, cell]. A

large red blood-corpuscle of
Pneumotoxin {nii-mo-toki'-iu) \^Kvei'ftuv, irregular shape. Poikilocytes are most
lung; Toîicov, a.
poison]. A poisonous al- abundant in the blood in pernicious anemia,
buminoid body produced by the pneumococ- but also occur in other forms of anemia.
cus, and believed to be the cause of many of Poikilocytosis i^poi-kil-o-si-to'-sis) [rroz/c/ôf,
the symjitoms of lobar pneumcjuia. Anti- varied Kvrnr, cell].
;
A condition of the
pneumoloxin the name given to the anti-
is blood characterized by the presence of poiki-
toxin sup]iosed to exist in the blood of per- locytes.
sons convalescent from lobar pneumonia. Poikilothermic {poi-kil-o titer' -mik) \j:niKi-
Pneumotyphus [nit-mo-ti'-fus) \_-nVEhji(jv,
7 DC, varied ; Orppi/, heat]. Varying in tem-
lung; TV(j)or, typhus]. I.
Typhoid fever perature according to the surroundings ;
beginning witli ])neumonia dependent upon cold-blooded.
the typhoid bacillus. 2. Pneumonia occur- Point [ piiitetitiit, point, from ptingere, to
ring in the course of typhoid fever. prick]. I. The sharp end of an object,
Pock {/>ok) [AS., poc, a pustule]. A pustule especially one used to pierce anything. 2.
of an eru]itive fever, especially of smallpox. The limit at which anything occurs, as the
P. -marked, marked with the cicatrices of melting-P., freezing-P. A mark made bv a
tiie
smallpox pustule. sharp object; a minute spot or area. P.,
POINT POISONS
Craniometric. ?>tt Cranio/neiric Points. P., i^Pointe douloureux), any one. of the points of
Critical, of gases, a temperature at or above tenderness at the exit or in the course of a
whicli a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure nerve the seat of neuralgia.
alone ; of liquids, that temperature at which a Point \_pungcre, to prick]. Of an abscess, tc
liquid, regardless of the pressure to which it is come to the surface.
subjected, assumes a gaseoue form. P., Dew-, Poison [poi'-zn) [Fr. from/^//(7, a draught],
,
the temperature at which the atmospheric A substance that when introduced into the
moisture is deposited as dew. P. of Election, body either destroys life or impairs seriouslj
in surgery, that point at which a certain oper- the functions of one or more of its organs,
ation IS done by preference. P., Far, the re- P., Irritant, one that causes irritation at the
motest point of distinct vision. P., Hystero- point of entrance or at the point of elimination.
epileptogenous. P., Hysterogenic. See P., Muscle-. I. A substance that impairs oj
Zone. P., McBurney's. See MiBurney. destroys the proper functions of muscles. 2.
P., Motor. See Motor Point. P., Near, A poisonous albumin developed during mus-
the nearest point at which the eyes can accom- cular activity. P., Narcotic, one affecting
modate to see distinctly. P., Principal, one the cerebral centers, producing stupor. P.
of the two points in the optic axis of a lens Ordeal, any one of the vegetable poisons
that are so related that lines drawn from these such as physostigma, used by savages in the
points to the correspondiHg points in the ob- trial of accused persons to determine theii
ject and its image are parallel. P., Valleix's guilt or innocence.
TABLE OF POISONS.
Name.
POISONS POISONS
TABLE OF POISONS.— Con/inued.
Name.
POISONS POISONS
TABLE OF POISONS.— Conimued.
Name.
POISONS POISONS
TABLE OF VOlSOT<SS.—Conimued.
Name.
POKE-ROOT POLIOMYELITIS
TABLE OF FOISO'NS. — Couîfiuec^.
Name.
POLIOMYELOPATHY POLYMERIDE
muscles atrophy rapidly, the reflexes in them Polycrotic {pol-e- krot'-ik) [TroAiJf, many ;
are lost, and reaction of degeneration develops. KpoTog, pulse]. Of the pulse, presenting sev-
From contraction of antagonistic muscles de- eral waves for each cardiac systole.
formities occur later in life. P., Chronic Polycystic [pol-e-sis'-tik) [:7o/.i;f, many;
Anterior. Synonym oi Fro^rcssivi' iMusiular liiaTtr, a sac]. Containing many cysts.
Atropliy. Polycythemia {^pol-e-si-the'-me-ah) [TroAvf,
Poliomyelopathy {pol- e-o- mi -
el-op' -ath-e) many h'uTog, cell
; ai/ia, blood]. state of
;
A
gray; j-tveAoq, marrow; TtdOog, dis- the blood characterized by an excess of red
\jiOkidc,
ease]. Disease of the gray matter of the corpuscles.
spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Polydactylism {pol-e-dak'-til-izni) \jto7.vq,
Poliosis { pol-e-o' -zis) [TroA/or, hoary or gray]. many ; &aKrv7M:, a finger] The existence . •
A condition characterized by absence of pig- of supernumerary fingers or toes.

ment in the hair. Polydipsia [pol-e-dip'-se-ah) [TroAvf, much ;
Politzerization { pol-its-er-i-za' -shun) [after fS/i/'a, thirst]. Excessive thirst.

Adam PoUtzer, an Austrian otologist]. The Polyemia {pol-e-e'-i/iea/i) [Tro/lyf, much ;
intlation of the middle ear by means of a aifia, blood]. Abnormal increase of the
ruL)Oer-l)ag. total mass of the blood plethora. P. hyper- ;
Politzer's Bag. A
pear-shaped rubber bag albuminosa, an excess of albumin in the
with a conical tip, used for inflating the blood plasma. P. polycytheemica, an in-
middle ear. The tip is introduced into the crease of the red corpuscles. P. serosa,
nostril, and the bag compressed while the other a condition in which the amount of blood-
and the patient performs the
nostril is closed serum is increased.
act of swallowing. The latter opens the Polyesthesia [pol e- -
es the'-ze-ah) [iroliq, -
Eustachian tube and allows the air to enter. many; sensation].

a'iafh/(7t(;, An abnormality
Pollakiuria (^pol-ak-e-u' -re-ah ) [7ro/l/ld/«f,
of sensation in which a single touch is felt in
often; ?<;7;/i2, urine]. Abnormally frequent two or more places at the same time.
micturition. Polygalactia {pol - e-:âl-ak'-te-ah') \jio'kvq,
I. The thumb. 2. much; yoAa, milk]. Excessive secretion of
¥Q\\&yi[pol'-eks) [L.].
The great toe. milk.
Pollution [pol-u'-shun) \^polhtere, to Ae^\e]. Polygalin {pol-ig'-al-iii). See Senega.
I. The act of defiling or rendering impure, Polyganglionic {^pol- e - gang - gle - 07i'- iJi)
as P. of drinking-water. 2. I'he production [7ro/L(r, many ; )d^'y7dov, ganglion]. I.
of the sexual orgasm by means other than Having several ganglia. 2. Affecting sev-
sexual intercourse. eral lymphatic glands at once.
Poly- {poF-e-) [rroZi'f, many]. A prefix de- Polygnathus pal ig' na - thus)([Tro/lff
- -
,
noting many. many; }v66og, jaw]. A form of monster

Polyarthritis [pol-e ar thri' tis) [Tro/lf f
- - -
,
in which the parasite is attached to the jaws
many; apdpov^ joint; itiq, inflammation]. of the host.
Inflammation of many joints. P. rheumatica Polygyria {pol-i--/ir'-e-a/i) \^~u?.vg, many;
acuta. See Rheiunatisni, Acute Articular. gyre].
y'i'poc, The existence of an excessive
Polyarticular [pol-e-ar-fik'-u-lar) [Tro/lrf, number of convolutions in the brain.
many; articulus, joint]. Affecting many Polyhydramnios ( pol - e - hi - dram' -tie - os)
tb.e term multiarticular is preferable. water auviov,
joints ;
[7ro/.i'f,-many; wW.j/i, ;
amnion].
Polyatomic pol-e-at-om' -ik) [-o/lyf, many ;
( An excessive production of liquor amnii.
afoniic\ I. Containing several atoms. 2. Polyidrosis ( pol
-
e -
id ro' sis)
- -
\_~o?ivc,
Having several hydrogen-atoms replaceable much; Mpwcr/r, sweating]. Excessive sweat-
by bases. ing.
Polybasic [pol-e-ba'-sik) [-oA/'f, many ; jSciaic, Polymastia [pol-e-mas' -te-ah) [7roA{'f,many ;
base]. Of acids, having several hydrogen-

I.
jjaaror, breast]. The presence of more than
atoms replaceal)le by bases. 2. Formed from two breasts or nipples. The su]iernumerary
a polyliasic acid by the
replacement of more organs may be below the breast proper, in
than one hydrogen-atom by a base. the axilla, or elsewhere on the body.
Polycholia [pol-e-ko'-le-ah) \_'nolvQ, much; Polymelia [pol-e-tne'-le-ah) [rro/lt'f, many;
Y0/7), bile]. Excessive secretion of bile. limb].
fii'/og, A
malformation consisting in
Polychromatic {pol-e-kro-uiat'-ik) [TroAi'f, the presence of more than the normal num-
many; i/iwvr/, color]. Many-colored. ber of limbs.
Polyclinic { pol-e-klin'-ik') [Tro/rr, manv ; Polymelus {pol-itn'-el-us) [tvo'Avq, many;
k'/ui>7/, a. bed]. A hospital in which many a limb].
iii'kng, A monster having more
diseases are treated. than the normal number of limbs.
Polycoria [pol-e-ko'-rc-aJi) [Tro/l/'f, many; Polj'meric [pol-e-mrr'-ik) [rroZ/'f, many ;
Ao/j;;, pupil]. The existence of more than iii/iiir, part], l^xhibiting polymerism.
one pupil in the iris. Polymeride {pol-, r-id) [TTo/f^-, many;
POLYMERISM POMATUM
[lepoQ,
a part]. In chemistry, a compound Polypoid (/()/''-^-/c)/(/) \_polypiis; £((V, like].
having the property of polyraerism. Resembling a polyp.
Polymerism { pol-ini' -e7--iziii) {jzo'k'vq, many ; Polypus [pol'-e-pus) \_-uAi%, many ; To/'f,
[lefioq,
a part]. I. The existence of more foot //. polypi]
; ,
A tumor having a pedicle,
.
than a normal number of parts. 2. A variety found especially on mucous membranes, as

of isomerism. See Isomeric and Polymeri- in the nose, bladder, rectum, uterus, etc.
zation. P., Blood-. Synonym of P., Placental. P.
{pel- e mer-i- za'- shioi) carnosus. Synonym of Sarcoma.
-
Polymerization P.,
[n-oX(''f,
much a part].
;
The appar-
p-ipoq, Fibrinous, a polypoid mass on the uterine
ent fusion or union of two or more molecules wall, resulting from the deposition of fibrin
• of a compound, forming a more complex from retained blood. The mass may be
molecule, with a higher molecular weight attached to portions of an ovum or to thrombi
and somewhat different physical and chemic at the placental site. P., Fibrous, a poly-
properties. pus composed chielly of fibrous tissue. P.,
Polymorphic, Polymorphous [pol-e-mor^- Mucous, a soft P. resulting either from a local-
fik, pol-e-mo7-'-fus) [;ro/rf, many; fiopipi], ized inflammatory hyperplasia of a mucous
form]. Having or occurring in several forms ;
membrane or from the formation of a true
of a crystal, crystallizing in several forms. myxoma. P., Placental, a fibrinous polyp
resulting from the deposit of fibrin upon a
- e -
Polymorphism [pol »ior'-Jiz/it) \_-o'/J<<;,
many fiofj(p/;, form].

;
The state of being portion of retained placenta. P., Soft. .Syn-
polymorphous. onym of P., Mucous. P., Vascular, a
Polyneuritis ^pol-e-7iu-ri' -tis). See Neuritis, polypoid angioma.
Multiple. Polyrrhea {^pol-e-7-e'-ah) [rr oArf, much; po'ia^
Polynuclear [ pol-e-nu' -kle-ar)[TToVvq, many; flow]. An excessive secretion of fluid.
nucleus, nucleus]. See Multinuclcar, the Polysarcia {pol-e-sa7-'-se-ah) [-o/t'f, much ;
preferable term. ciiip^, flesh]. Excessive corpulency; obe

Polyopia, Polyopsia [pol-e-o^-pe-ak, pol-e- sity.
op' -se-ali) [to/ ('(,, many; o-^tq, sight]. A Polysarcous (pol-e-sa7-'-kus) [tto/ if, much;
condition in which more than one image of adpS,, flesh]. Corpulent; exhibiting poly-
an object is formed upon the retina. sarcia.
Polyorchis {pol-e-or^-kis) \_-ol'ix, many; Polyscelia [pol-e-ske'-le-ali) \TroAi'q, many;
opyiq, a testicle]. One who has more than aKi?.oq, leg]. Excess in the number of legs.
two testicles. Polyscelus {pol-is'-kel-us) \_no'Avq, many ;
Polyotia (^pol-e-o'-she-aJi) \TTokvq, many ovq, ; CKeTioq, leg] . A monster having supernum- _
ear]. A condition in which there is more erary legs.

than one auricle on a side. Polyscope {poF-is-kop) [TroAt'f, much oko- ;
Polyp (/('/'-//)[ToPaV, many; Tzni-q, foot]. tteIv, toobserve]. An instrument provided

A tumor having a distinct pedicle. See with an electric light which is introduced
Polypus. into a cavity in order to illuminate its inter-
Polypapilloma tropicum (^pol-e-pap-il-o'- nal surfaces.
mah) [rro/.rf many papilla, papilla hjia,
, ; ; Polysomia {pol-e-so'-tne-ali) [Trokvq, many ;
tumor]. Frambesia. auiia, body]. A
monster having more than
Polyparesis [pol-e-par'-es-is] [-oAif, much ;
a single body or trunk.
TTiiptaiq, weakness]. General paresis. Polyspermism { pol - e - spe7-'- miz77i) \_7To?.iq,
Polyphagia [pol-e-fa'-je-ah) [n-oA(f, much; much a-ipitn, seed].
;
An excessive quantity
(pdysiv, to eat]. Bulimia. of seminal fluid.
Polypharmacy [pol-e -far'- mas e) \_no'Avq, -
Polytrichia, Polytrichosis {pol-e-trik'-c-ah
many; 9(i/3//ft/.or, a drug]. The prescription pol-e-trik-o' -sis') \_-i}'/Aq, many; ^/0(f, hair].
of many drugs at one time the excessive use ;
Excessive development of hair.
'
of drugs. Polyuria i^pol
-
e -u - 7-e -
alt) [Tro/l/'f, much,
Polyphrasia pol-e-fra/ -ze-ak)\Tzo7^'vc much
{ , ; 7irina, urine]. The passage of an excessive
^/)a(7/f, speech]. A
morbid state character- quantity of urine. The causes of temporary
ized by excessive speaking morbid loquacity ; ;
P. are excessive ingestion of fluids, cold,
verbigeration. suppression of perspiration, the use of diure-
Polyplastic {pol-e-plas'-tik) [_KoA'vq, much; tics it
;
occurs in the crisis of fevers, in
TrTidaaeiv, to mold]. I. Of cells, having hysteria, and nervous excitement. per A
mariy substances in their
composition. 2. manent P. is met with in diabetes mellitus,
Undergoing many modifications during de- diabetes insipidus, chronic interstitial nephri-
velopment. tis, and in amyloid disease of the kidneys.
Polypnea [pol-ip-fie'-ali) \_-o7/vr, many ;

Pomade [po->7idtP) [/ic?w//w, apple]. per A
TTVoia, breathing] Great rapidity of respira-
. fumed ointment for applying to the scalp.
tion ; panting respiration. Pomatum i^po-z/ia'-tu/ii).
êt Po//tade.
POMEGRANATE PORTA
Pomegranate [puni-gran'-ct^. .See Grana- somniferuni, a plant of tlie order Papavera-
tiuii . cex. P. -capsules (Papaveris capsuh'e, B.
Pompholyx [^poin'-fo-liks] [To/z^d/lM^, bub- P.) possess eflecls similar to those of (>])ium,
ble]. Cheiioiwmpliolyx dysidrosis a rare
; ;
but far milder in degree. Decoctum papa-
disease charaeterized by bullous eruptions veris (B. P.) is used chiellyas an ancjdyne
on the palms ot" the hands and between the application. Extractum papaveris (P. P.).
fingers. It occurs in depressed states of Dose gr. v-x (0.32-0.65). Syrupus papa-
the nervous system, and is more common in veris (B. P.). Dose f^^ss-f^j (2.0-4.0).
women than in men. Red poppy is used in making the Syrupus
Pomphus iypoiii'-fus) [To//ôf, blister]. See rhceados of the B. P. Dose f,^j (4.0).
// 'heal. Populin [pop'-ii lin). See Popitlus.
Pomum [po'
-
inmii) [L.]. Apple. P. Populus /('/'-«-///.f) [L.]. Poplar, a genus of
(
adami, Adam's apple, the prominence in the trees of the order Salicinea', several species of
front of the neck caused by the projection of which contain saliciu, CjjUjgOy, and populin
the thyroid cartilage. or benzoyl-salicin, CjQH.joOf,. Poplar-buds
fons \_pons, bridge]. A process or bridge have been used in rheumatism and Bright's
of tissue connecting two parts of an organ. disease. The leaves and buds are also em-
P. cerebelli. Same as /'. Varolii. P. ployed for anodyne ointments.
Tarini, the posterior perforated space. P. Porcupine-disease. See Ichthyosis.
Varolii, or simply Pons, a convex white Pore [por] [Ttopoq, a pore]. A
minute cir-
eminence situated at '.he base of the Ijrain, cular opening on a surface, as a P. of the
and serving to connect the various divi- skin, the opening of the duct of a sudori-
sions with each other. It is placed in front parous gland.
of the medulla oblongata, behind the cere- Porencephalia, Porencephalus {por-ett-sef-
brum, and beneath the cerebellum, and rests a'-le-ah, por-eji-sef -al-us) \_-opnq, cavity;
upon the sphenobasilar groove. In struc-
,
iyKE(j)aAoq, brain]. A condition character-
ture the pons consists chiefly of nerve-fibers, ized by the presence of depressions on the
but contains- also areas of gray matter, the surface of the brain, due to a congenital arrest
pontine nnclci. On section two portions, a of development or to an acquired defect.
superior and an inferior, are distinguishable. Porencephalous [^por-en-sef'-al-ns) [rrdpof,
The latter contains transverse commissural cavity; iyKiâ't.or^, brain]. Affected with
fibers and is traversed by the pyramidal porencephalia.
tracts. The superior or dorsal portion of the Pornography [por nog^ ra - -
-fe) [;ropi7/, a
pons consists largely of gray matter which is prostitute; -jpafEiv, to write], i. treatise A
continued up from below, especially the for- on prostitution. 2. Obscene writing.
matio reticularis and the dorsal tracts of gray Porocele {po^-ro-sel) \_Trupog, callus; KÂr/,
substance. In places the gray matter is tumor]. A
scrotal hernia in which the cov-
grouped to form the nuclei of the fifth, sixth, erings are indurated and thickened.
.seventh, and eighth nerves. In the lower Poroplastic iypor-o-plas'-tik) [-o/;of , pore ;
part of the pons there is a small, folded gray mold]. Porous and plastic. P.
ir'/Acaztv, to
mass, the superior olivary nucleus. It is en- Felt, a porous felt which is readily molded ;
closed by some transverse fibers known as the it is used in the

preparation of splints and
trapezium. The P. is connected with the jackets.
medulla, with the cerebellum (by the middle Porosity [por-os'-it-e) [vro/tof, cavity]. The
peduncles), and with the cerebrum (by the condition of being porous.
crura cerebri). Porous [po'-rus) [rropof, cavity, pore].
Pontile, Pontine [pon' -til, pan' -ten') \^pons, Having pores.
bridge]. Pertaining to the pons Varolii. P. Porphyrization [por-Jir-i-za' -shun') \_por-
Hemiplegia, a hemiplegia due to a lesion phyry, a kind of rock]. Pulverization, so-
o the pons. When the lesion is situated low called because generally performed on ;
down in the pons, below the decussation of tablet of porphyry.

the fibers of the facial nerve, and above that Porrigo [por-i'-go) [L. ]. An old term
of the pyramidal tracts, the hemiplegia is applied to several diseases of the scalp. P.
alternate, i.e., tiie arm and leg on one side, decalvans, alopecia areata. P. favosa,
and the face on the other, are paralyzed. favus. P. larvalis, impetigo of the scalp
Poplar (pop'-lar). Sec Fopulus. conjoined with eczema.
Popliteal \pop-lit-e'-al) [/f>/i/«, ham, hock, Porro's Operation. See Operations. Table of .
or kneel. Pertaining to or situated in the Porta {poi-'-tah) [L. ,gate]. The hilus of
ham, as P. artery, P. nerve, P. space. P. an organ through which the vessels enter.
Aneurysm, aneurysm of the popliteal arteiy. P. hepatis, P. jecoris, the transverse fissure
P. Artery. See .Arteries, Table of. of the liver, through which the portal veiu
Poppy (^pop^-e) [ AS., /o/?^'-, poppy]. Papaver enters the organ.
The Seniiprone or Sims' Posture. Posterior Mew
The Semiprone or Sims" Posture. Anterior View.
The Horizontal Posture.
The Dorsal Elevated Posture.
The Dorsal Recumbent Posture.

The Trendelenburg Posture.
The Genupectoral Posture.

The Dorsosacral Posture. Lateral View.
The Knees-elbow Posture. Edebohls' Posture.

PORTAL POSTEROINTERNAL
Portal [por'-ta!) \_poi-ta, gate]. Pertaining the patient lies on the back on a plane in-
to the pcirta or hihis of an organ, especially to clined about 45°, the feet and legs hanging
the porta liepati;^, or to the vein entering at the over the end of the table.
porta hepatis (P. vein). P. Circulation, Positive from ponere,
(^poz' -it-iv) \_positivics,
the passage of blood from the stomach, siilecn, to place]. Real, existing, actual. In mathe-
and intestines through the portal vein and the matics and physiology, denoting one of two
liver. P. Fissure. See Fisstire. P. quantities or conditions assumed as primary or
Vein, the large vein entering the liver at tlie fundamental ;
opposed to one assumed as
transverse fissure, and bringing to it the blood negative denoting a quantity greater than
;
from the digestive tract and the spleen. zero ; to be added, additive. P. Elec-
Porte-caustique (port-kos-tek''). holder A tricity, the kind of electricity developed by
for the stick of caustic. rubbing glass with silk. P. Electrode, P.
Porter [por'-te?-). See Malt-liquors. Pole the electrode or pole connected with
;
Portio {por'-shc-o) [L. ]. A part. P. dura, the negative plate of a battery. P., Element,
the liard part of the seventh pair of nerves of P., Plate that plate of a battery which is
;
Willis, the facial nerve. P. inter duram et acted upon by the fluid, e. g., the zinc-plate in
moUem, a small funiculus between the portio the zinc-carbon battery.
dura and the portio mollis of the seventh "Posology [pos-oF-oJ-e) [noaoq, how much;
cranial nerve. P. intermedia Wrisbergii. Aoyoc, science]. I'hat branch of medical
Synonym of P. inter dnrain et mollein. P. science dealing with the dosage of medicines.
mollis, the soft part of the seventh cranial Post- (post-) [L.]. A prefix denoting after.
nerve, the auditory nerve. Postanal (pdst-a'-nal) \_post, after; anus,
Port-wine Stains. See Aêvns. anus]. Situated behind the anus.
Povus {po'-rus)\\^.'\. A pore. P. acusticus Postaxial {post-aks'-e-al^ [/o.t/, after axis, ;
externus, the opening of the external audi- axis]. Situated behind the axis; in the arm,
tory canal. P. acusticus internus, the behind the ulnar aspect; in the leg, behind
opening of the internal auditory canal into the fibular aspect.
the cranial cavity. P. opticus, the opening Postcentral \ post-sen' -tral^ \_post, liehind;
in the center of the lamina cribrosa of the cenfrnin, center]. I. Situated behind a cen-
sclerotic transmitting the central artery of the ter. 2. Situated behind the central fissure of
retina. the brain, as the P. convolution.
Position [po-zisk^-Hii) \_ponei-e, to place]. Postclavicular {post - kla-vik'-n-lar) \^post,
Place location
;
attitude
; posture. P., ; after; clavicti la, c\a.\ic\t\. Situated behind
Dorsal, one in which the patient lies on the the clavicle.
back. P.„ Edebohl's. See P., Simon s. Postconvulsive ( post-kon-viiV -siv) [post,
P., English. See P., Left Lateral Recitin- after; <-c';/z'd'//r;-t', to tear away]. Coming on
bent. P.,Knee-chest, P., Genupectoral ;
after a convulsion.
one in which the jmtient rests ujion the knees Postdiastolic {post-di-as-toF -ik) [/ti^/, after ;
and chest, the arms being crossed above the ^laaro'/jj, diastole]. Occurring after the dias-
head. P., Knee-elbow, P., Genucubital ;
tole.
one in which the patient lies upon the knees Postdicrotic {pdst-di-krot'-ik) [ /(75/, after ;
and elbows, the head resting upon the hands. dicrotie'^. Occurring after the dicrotic wave
P., Left Lateral Recumbent, P., Eng- of the pulse, as the P. wave in the sphygmo-
lish, P., Obstetric one in which the pa-
; graphic tracing.
tient lies on the left side with the right thigh Postdiphtheric {post - dif- ther' - ik) [post,
and knee drawn up. P., Lithotomy-, P., after; diphtheric^. Occurring after an attack
Dorsosacral one in which the patient lies
; of diphtlieria, as P. paralysis.
on the bacK with the legs flexed on the thighs, Postembryonic {post-em-bre-on'-ik) [post,
and the thighs flexed on the abdomen and after; eiil^jivov, embryo]. Occurring after
abducted. P. of the Fetus, the relation of the embryonic stage.
the presenting part of the fetus to the pelvis Postepileptic {post-ep-e-lep' -tili) [/cj/', after ;
of the mother. See Table of Fetal Positions, E7riA7jil>/(;, epilepsy] Occurring after an epi-
.
under Fetus. P., Sim's, P., Semiprone one ; leptic attack.

in which the patient lies on the left side, with Posterior (pos-te'-re-or) [comparative of pos-
the right knee and thigh drawn up and the left terns, after, behind]. Placed behind or to the
arm placed along the back the chest is inclined
; back of a part.
forward so that the patient rests upon it. P., Posteroexternal (pos - ter - o eks - tur'-nal) -
Simon's, one in which the patient lies on [posterns, behind; external'\. Occupying
the back, with the legs flexed on the thighs the outer side of a back part, as the P. cohnnn
and the thighs on the abdomen, the hips be- of the spinal cord.
ing elevated and liie thighs strongly ab- Posterointernal ( pos ter o - in - tnr' - nal )
- -
ducted. P., Trendelenburg's, one in which [post, behind; internal^. Occupying the
POSTEROLATERAL POTASSIUM
inner side of a baclv part, as tlie P. column Postpone [pbst-pon') [post, after pone re, to ;
of the spinal cord. place]. Of a paroxysm, to occur after the

Posterolateral [pds-te-ro-lat'-e7--al) [pos- regular time.
tenis, behind ; /<?//«, side] . Situated behind Postpyramidal (post-pe-ram'- ii/-a/) [post,
and at the side of a part. behind; pyramis, pyramid]. .Situated be-
Posteroparietal {^pos
- te -
ro -par -i' -
et-al) hind the pyramidal tract. P. Nucleus, the
[posterns, beliind
paries, wall].
;
Situated nucleus funiculi gracilis.
at or opposite the posterior part of the parietal Postural [pos'-tur-al) [ponere, to place].
bone. Pertaining to posture or position performed ;
ro su pe' by means of a special posture, as P. treat-

- - - - -
Posterosuperior [pos te re-or)
\_postc'i-!is, hinder; superior, superior]. ment.
Situated behind and above a part. Postuterine [pbst-n' -ter-in) [post, behind ;
Posterotemporal {pos te ro tern' -por-a! )

- - -
uterus, uterus]. Situated behind the uterus.
\_postenis, behind; tempiis, \.t.m^\€\. Situ- Potable [po'-ta-bl) [potare, to drink].
ated opposite the posterior part of the
at or Drinkaljle : fit to drink.
temporal bone. Potash {pot'-ash) [from \x\s\\, pota, a. pot,

Postfebrile post-feb' -ril)[^post, after
( ; febris, and ash'\. Potassium hydroxid, caustic
1.
a fever]. Occurring after a fever. potash. 2. Potassium carbonate.
Postglenoid [post ffle^-noid) \_post,

behind ;
Potassa [po-tas'-ah) [L.]. Potash. P.
)'/.r]vi], socket; firfof,like]. Situated be- cum Vienna-paste, a caustic paste
calce,
hind the glenoid fossa, as the P. tubercle, also made by rubbing together equal parts of
called simply P. potassium hydroxid and quick-lime. P. sul-
Posthemiplegic [pdst-/ie»i-e-p!e' -jik) Impost, phurata, a mixture of salts of potassium,
after; i)jii,\\a\i ; tt/I;/}^, stroke]. Occurring consisting chiefly of the sulphid. It is used
after or following an attack of hemiplegia. in chronic rheumatism, gout, and locally in
P. Chorea, choreiform movements in para- diseases of the skin. Dose gr. ij-x (0.13-
lyzed limbs. 0.65).
Posthetomy {pos-thet'-o-nie) [-ocrfl/;, penis ;
Potassium -
tas' - e - iiiu) [potash, from
[po
TOUT], a cutting]. Circumcision. Irish, a pot, and «.?//].
pota, A silver-
Posthitis [pos-thi' -tis) \_-oadi], prepuce; iriq, white, soft, very ductile metal, belonging
inflanmiation]. Inflammation of the prepuce. to the alkali-group, and having a sp. gr. of
Postholith [pos'-tJio-litli) \_-Qai)i], prepuce; 0.865 its valence is one, atomic weight 39,
;
/Jflo(^, stone]. A preputial calculus. symbol K

(from the Latin kaliian) It
Posthumous { pos'-tu-iitus') \_post, after; forms compounds with nearly all nonmetals.
hum us, the ground]. Occurring after death. The most important compounds are P. :
P. Child, one born after the death of the acetate (Potassii acetas, U. S. P., B. P.),
father, or taken by the Cesarean operation KC.^HÔ.^, used in rheumatism, as a diuretic
from the body of its mother after death. in dropsies, and in cutaneous diseases. Dose
Posthyoid {post - hi' - oiW) \_post, behind; gr. XX- :5J (1.3-4.0). P. bicarbonate (Po-
vntitMjr, hyoid]. Posterior to the hyoid bone. tassii bi'carbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), KHCO3,
Posthypnotic [post hip-not' -ik) [post, after; used as an antacid. Dose gr. xx-;^j (1.3-
i'-cof,sleep]. Succeeding the hypnotic 4.0). P. dichromate, P. bichromate
state; acting after the hypnotic state has (Potassii bichromas, U. S. P., B. P.), K^Cr.,-
passed off, as P. suggestion. O,, used as a caustic, and for the prepara-
Posticus [pds-ti'-ktts] [L. ]. Posterior. tion of battery- fluids and of preserving fluids
Postmortem [pdst-inor'-te»i) [post, after; for tissues it was formerly employed as
;
mors, death]. Occurring after death.

i. an alterative. P. bitartrate (Potassii bi-
2. An examination of the body after death ; tartras, U. S. P., B. P.), cream of tartar,
an autopsy. KHC^HÔg. used as a mild cathartic and as
Postnasal [post -na'
s al) -
[post, behind; a hydragogue diuretic in dropsies, and for
nasiis, Situated behind the nose.
nose]. making refrigerant drinks in febrile affec-
P. Catarrh, catarrhal inflammation of the tions. It is an ingredient of Pulvis jalajiae
nasopharynx. compositus. Dose 3 j-^ ss (4 0-16.0). P.
Postparalytic [post-par- ah-lit'-ik) [post, bromid. See Brornin. P. carbonate
after; irapaJvaiq, paralysis]. Following an (Potassii carbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), used as
attack of paralysis. an antacid in dys]iepsia and as an antilithic.
Postpartum [post-par' -t tun') [post, after ;
P. chlorate (Potassii chloras, U. S. P., B.
partus, \i\x\X\\. Following childbirth ;
as P. P.), KCIO3, used locally and internally in
hemorrhage. various forms of stomatitis, in mercurial pty-
Postpharyngeal [post-far-in'-fe-al) [post, alism, in pharyngitis. Dose gr. x-xx (0.65-
behind ; fpdpvy^, pharynx]. Situated behind 1.3). In over-doses it is an irritant poison.
the pharynx. From it are prepared Trochisci potassii chlo-
POTASSIUM POUPART'S LIGAMENT
ratis. P. citrate (Potassii citras, U. S. P., oxalate, salt of sorrel, a constituent of
B. P.), K^C^Hp..U.fi, used as a diaphoret- wood -sorrel. P. bisulphate, KHSO^,
ic in fevers, in bronchitis, and in rheumat- has been used as a laxative and refrigerant.
ism, the uric acid diathesis, etc. Dose gr. Dose 3J-ij (4.0-8.0). P. cobaltinitrate
xx~xxx (1.3-2.0). Potassii citras effcrvescens has been employed in asthma, nephritis, and
(U. S. P.) is used like tlie preceding. Dose
valvular heart-disease. Dose gr. % - Yz
5J-ij (4.0-8.0). P. cyanid (Potassii cy- (0.016-0.032). P. ferricyanid, K^Fcj-
anidum, U. S. P., B. P.), KCN, is similar (CN),2, is used in the arts and as a reagent.
in properties to hydrocyanic acid. Dose gr. P. iodate is used in stomatitis and pharyngi-
y^ (0.008). It is also used locally in neural- tis as a substitute for P. chlorate. Dose gr.
gia. P. ferrocyanid (Potassii ferrocyani- iv-viij(0.26-0.52). P. nitrite, KNOj, is
dura, U. S. P.,B. P.), K,Fe(CN)6.3H.p, u.sed like the other nitrites. Dose gr. iij
yellow prussiate of potash, has been used in

•
(0.2). P. phosphate, K.^HPO^, has been

the night-sweats of phthisis. Dose gr. x-xv used as an alterative in scrofula and pulmo-
(0.65-1.0). It is extensively employed in nary tuberculosis. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-
the arts, as a reagent, and in pharmacy to 2.0). P. silicate, soluble glass, is used in
prepare diluted hydrocyanic acid. P. hy- stead of plaster of Paris for making fixed dress
droxid, KOH
(Potassa, U. S. P., B. P.), ings. P. sulphocyanate, KCNS, is a con
caustic potash. This is a white solid, usually stituent of saliva.

occurring in the form of pencils, and having Potato-cultur*. A culture of microorganisms
powerful escharotic properties. From it are on potato.
prepared, Liquor potassse and Potassa cum Potential [po-ten'-skal) [poiens, able], i.
cake. The former is an antacid, diuretic, Capable of acting or doing work, as P. en-
and Dose Tt\^x-X3ix (0.65-2.0).
antilithic. •ergy. 2. In electricity, a state of tension or
P. hypophosphite (Potassii hypophosphis, of P. energy capable of doing work. If

U. S. P.), KIL^POj. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65- two bodies of different P. are brought
2.0). See Hypophosphite. P. iodid (Po- together, a current is established between
tassiiiodidum, U. S. P., B. P), KI, is used them that is capable of doing work.
as an alterative in syphilis in chronic pois- ; Potio, Potion [po^-she-o, po^-shuii) \_po!io, a
oning by lead and mercury ; as an absorbent drink]. A drink or draught.
of inflammatory exudates in chronic rheu-;
Potomania {^po-to-ma' -ne-ah\ [rroro.;, drink ;
matism, Dose gr. ij-x (0.13-0.65) in

etc. ; flavin, madness]. Delirium tremens.
syphilis several drams may Ije administered Pott's Disease [Percival PoU, an English
daily. From it are prepared Unguentum iodi surgeon]. Caries of the vertebrae generally
and Unguentum potassii iodidi. P. nitrate of tuberculous origin. The symptoms are
stiffness of the spinal column, pain on mo-
(Potassii nitras, U. S. P., B. P.), "KNO3,
salt-
peter, is used as a refrigerant diuretic and tion, tenderness on pressure, undue promi-
diaphoretic ;
in asthma the inhalation of nence of one or more of the spines in ;
fumes produced by burning niter-paper certain cases spasmodic pain in the abdomen ;
(paper dipped i!i a solution of the nitrate and formation of abscess; occasionally, in late
dried) is useful. Dose gr. x-xx (065— 1. 3). stages, paralysis. P.'s Fracture. See
From it are prepared Argenti nitras dilutus Fracture.
and Charta potassii nitratis. P. permang- Pouch [Fr. poche, a pocket].
,
A sac
anate (Potassii permanganas, U. S. P., B. or pocket. .P. of Douglas, P., Recto-
P.), KMnO^, is used as an antiseptic and de- uterine, cul de-sac of Douglas, a pouch
odorant, in amenorrhea, and as an antidote formed by a fold of the peritoneum between
to opium-poisoning and poisoning by snake- the uterus and the rectum.
bites. Dose as an emmenagogue gr. j-ij Poultice [po/'-tis) [//c/s-, porridge]. soft, A
(0.065-0.13). It is also employed as a re- semiliquid mass made of some cohesive sub-
agent. Condy's fluid is an aqueous solution stance mixed with water, and used for appli-
of P. permanganate (2 parts in 100). P. and cation to the skin, for the purpose of supply-
sodium tartrate (Potassii et sodii tartras, ing heat and moisture or acting as a local
U. S. P., B. P.), KNaC,H,06.4H.,0, Ro- stimulant. Synonym, Cataplasina.
chelle salt, is used as a saline cathartic ;
it Pound [AS., pund, pound]. A unit of
isan ingredient of Seidlitz powder. Dose measure of weight. The Troy P. contains
^ss-j (16.0-32.0). P. sulphate (Potassii 12 oz. or 5760 grains; the avoirdupois P.
sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), KjSO^, is used as contains 16 oz. or 7000 grains. Symbol
a laxative and purgative. Dose _^ss— _:îv lb. ?>Qe Weights and Meas7i7-es. P., Foot-,
(2.0-16.0). P. tartrate (Potassii tartras, the force necessary to raise one pound through
B. P.), K,p^ri/VH/), is used as a mild the height of one foot.
purgative in febrile affections. Dose .^j-.^j Poupart's Ligament. See Ligaments, Table
(4.0-32.0). Other compounds are P. bin- :
of,
POWDER PREGLOBULIN
Powder [Fr., poudrc, from pulvis, powder]. fissure of the brain ;
the ascending frontal
1. A
collection of fine particles. 2. In convolution.
pharmacy, a collection of fine particles of Precipitant {pre-sip' -it-ant). See under
one or more substances capable of passing Precipitation.
through a sieve having meshes of a certain Precipitate (pre sip' -it at - -
[ precipitare,
)
fineness ;
also a single dose of such a sub- from //vi", before cv?/'/^/, head].
; I'he solid
stance. P., Aromatic. See Cinnamon. substance thrown down from a solution of a
P., Dover's, Pulvis ipecacuanhas et opii. substance on the addition of a reagent which
See under Ophan. P., James'. See Anti- deprives it of its solubility. Abbreviation :
mony. P., Seidlitz-. See Potassium and Ppt. P., Red, Hydrargyrum oxidum rubrum.
iodium tartrate. P., Tully's, a powder See Mercury. P., White, ^'^(Hg.,).^!^,
composed of camphor, prepared chalk, and Hydrargyrum ammoniatum. See Mercury.
licorice, and niorphin sulphate, i
part. It is-
Precipitate [pre-sip'-it-dt) [^precipitare, from
used as a substitute for Dover's powder. priC, before; caput, head]. To throw down
Pox \^pocks, pi. of pock, a vesicle or in an insoluble form.
pustule]. I. A term applied to any disease Precipitate {pre-sip'-it-at)\_ precipitare, from

possessing a vesicular or pustular eruption. pr,e, before ; caput, head]. Headlong ;
2. Vulgarly, syphilis. P., Chicken-. See hasty. P. Labor. See Labor.

Varicella. P., Cow-. See Coiapox. P., Precipitation (pre-sip-it-a'-shun) [precipi-
Small-. See Variola. tate']. The process of throwing down solids
Practice [prak'-tis) [practicare, to practice]. from the liquids which hold them in solution.
The practice of medicine the application of
; Precipitates are crystalline, amorphous, curdy,
the principles of medicine to tlie diagnosis fiocculent, granular, or gelatinous, according
and treatment of disease. to the form assumed. The agent causing
Practitioner ^prak-ti.';h' -un-er') \_practicare, precipitation is the precipitant, the solid
to practice]. One who practices medicine. thrown down, \\\q precipitate.
(This is a badly-formed word.) Precordia [pre-kor'-de-a/i] [pra. before;
Prae- {pre-) [L.]. See Pre-. cor, ihe heart], i. A name apjilied by the
Praeputium {pre-pu' -she-um^. See Prepuce. ancients to the diaphragm, the thoracic vis-
Praevia pre' -ve-alt) [fem. of prtuvitis, from
{ cera, or the epigastric region. 2. The area
pnc, before; via, a way]. Coming before, of the chest overlying the heart.
standing before. P., Placenta. See Pla- Precordial [pre-kor'-de-al) [pm, before;
centa. cor, heart]. Pertaining to the precordia.
Prairie-itch. A name applied to various Precordium [pre-kor'-de-iim). Singular of
forms of skin-diseases associated with pruri- Precordia.
tus, occurring in men engaged
work on in Precuneus [pre - hi ne' us) [pro-, before
- -
;
prairies, among lumbermen, and others, and cuneus, wedge]. The quadrate lobule of the
either due to scabies or pruritus hiemalis. parietal lobe situated in front of the cuneus
Prealbuminuric(/;-i?-/7/-/'//-w/«-«^-;77')[/;Yi', of the occipital lobe.
before; albumen, albumin; iiri??a, urine]. Prediastolic [pre-di-as-tol'-ik) [/;v<", before;
Occurring before the appearance of albumin- iîuaro'/ ij,
diastole]. Occurring before the
uria. diastole.
Preataxic [pre-at-aks'-ik) [//vr, before; h Predicrotic [pre-di-krot'-ik) [pre?, before;
priv. ; rliîQ, order]. Occurring before dicrotic]. Preceding the dicrotic wave or
ataxia. elevation of the sphygmographic tracing.
Preaxial ( p)-e-aks'-e-al)\^pra',heÛ)Ye ; axis, Predigest [pre-di-jesP) \_pm, before; di-
axis]. Situated in front of the axis; in a gerere, to digest]. To digest by artificial
limb, situated on the internal or anterior means before introducing into the body.
aspect
—
in the arm. on the radial, in the Predisposing [pre-dis-po'-zing) [prce, be-
leg, on the tibial side. fore disponere, to dispose]. Rendering sus-
;
Prebacillary {pre-bas' -il-a-re') { prce, before; ceptible or liable to attack.

bacillus, bacillus]. Occurring before the in- Predisposition {pre-dis-po-zish' -tin) [prce,
vasion of the system by bacilli. before; disponere, to dispose]. The state
Precancerous [pre-ka}i' -ser-us)\^ pr(E,h&ioTe ;
of having a susceptibility to disease.
cancer']. Occurring before the development PiefTonta.l[pre-/ru>i'-tal)[pr(P, before; frons,
of a carcinoma. forehead]. Situated in the anterior part of
Precardiac [pre-kar'-de-ak] \_pr(S, before; the frontal lol e of the brain.
Kapi'iia, heart]. Anterior to the heart. Preglobulin {pre-glob'-u-lin) [prcr, before ;
Precentral {pre-sen'-tral) \_pJ-iP, before; globulin']. An albuminous body found in
coitriim, center]. Situated in front of the cell-protoplasm, insoluble in water, soluble
central fissure of the brain. P. Convolu- in a ten per cent, sodium chlorid solution
tion, a convolution in front of the central and in dilute alkaline solutions.
PREGNANCY PR EM ALIGN ANT
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PREMATURE PRIMARY
natit']. Occurring before the development Present [pre-zeitt') \_pi\cse7itare, to place be-
of malignancy. fore]. Of a part of the fetus, to appear first
Premature {pre'-viat-ur'] \_p>''S, before; at the OS uteri.
i/iaiiirare, to
ripen]. Occurring before the Presentation [pre-zen-ta'-s/iiifi) \pr(rsentare,
proper time, as P. labor. to place before]. In obstetrics, that part of
Premaxilla [pre-maks-il'-oh) [/;7?, before ;
the fetal body which presents itself to the
maxilla, jaw]. The intermaxillary i)one. examining finger at the os uteri.
Premenstrual {pre-i)ien'-stni-al) [/^vr, \>?^-
Presphenoid {pre-sfe'-iioid) [//v?, before ;
iox<t; ntcnstrHal\ Preceding menstruation. ciîjv, wedge; f(<5of, like]. The anterior
Premolar [pre-tiio'-laj-) \_prcc,
before ; ?iiola, part of the body of the sphenoid bone.
millstone]. I. Situated in front of the molar Pressor {pirs'-or) \_prcmere, to press].
teeth. 2. One of the two anterior perman- Stimulating. P. Nerve. See Nêrve.
ent molars. Pressure-sense. The sense by which
Premonitory (^pre-iiton'-it-o-re) [p>'<f, be- knowledge is obtained of the amount of
fore; monere, to
Forewarning;
warn]. weight or pressure which is exerted upon a
foreboding, as P. symptoms, those which part of the body.
forebode the onset of an attack of a disease. Presternum (^pre-ster'-mwi) \_pra;, before ;
Prenatal [pre-na'-tal) \_pnc, before natits, ;
stern am, the breast-bone]. The manubrium
born]. Existing or occurring before birth. or superior segment of the sternum.
-
Preoccupation iypre-ok-u pa' -sJuiti) ypm, Presystolic [pne, before;
{prc-sis-tol' -ik)
before; occiipare, to occupy]. The condi- avarn'/ij, systole]. Preceding the systt)le of
tion of being so engrossed in one's own the heart, as the P. murmur, P. thrill.
thoughts as not to answer or hear when Pretibial {pre-tib'-e-al) \_pnE, before; libia,
accosted. tibia]. Situated in front of the tibia.
Preparation [prcp-ar-a' -shuJi) \_priTparart', Pretuberculous [pre-tti-ber'-kit-lits) [prtr,

to make ready]. The act of making
I. before; tubtrtuliim, tubercle]. Preceding
ready. 2. Anything made ready, especially, the development of tuberculosis.
in anatomy, any part of the body prepared Preventive {^pre-ven'-tiv) \^prcvc)iire, to an-
or preserved for illustrative or other uses. ticipate, to prevent]. Warding off. P.
Prepatellar [pre-pal-el'-ai-) \_p>'<i', before; Medicine, the department of medicine deal-
patflla, patellal. Situated in front of the ing with the means and methods of p.revent-
patella, as P. bursa. ing disea.se.
•
Prepuce {pre'-piis) [pnrpntiiifn, prepuce]. Prevertebral [pre-ver'-le-bral) [pra, be-
The foreskin of the penis, a fold of skin lined fore vertebra, vertebra].
; Situated in front
by mucous membrane, and covering the glans of the vertebKE.
penis. Priapism [pri' -ap-izni) \_TTpiaTTi(jii6i;'\. Per-
Preputial [prepu'-she-al) \_prd:piitiiivi, pre- sistent erection of the penis, usually unaccom-
puce]. Pertaining to the prepuce. panied by sexual desire. It is caused 1 v
Presbycusis, Presbykousis {prez-be-koo'- injuries to the spinal cord, or to the penis,

sis) l_7r 1
i a jii-X, old; ano'ven', to
1
hear]. The and by vesical calculus.
lessening of the acuteness of hearing that Prickle-cell. A cell possessing delicate
occurs in old age. rod-shaped processes by which it is connected
Presbyope {prez'-l>e-Sp) [^rrpeajSvc, old oiip, ;
with neighboring cells. Such cells are found
eye]. One who is
presbyopic. in the middle strata of the skin (Prickle-
Presbyopia [prez-be-o'-pe-ah) \r:pkafiv<:, old ; layer).
cji/), eye]. The condition of vision in the Prickly Heat. See Miliaria.
aged, due to diminished power of accom- Primsp vise {pri'-mc vi'-e^ [L. "the pri- ,
modation from impaired elasticity of the crys- mary passages "]. The alimentary canal.
talline lens, whereby tlie near point of distinct Primary [pri'-//ia-r,-) \_pri;)iits, first]. First
vision is removed farther from the eye. in time or in importance. P. Amputation^
Presbyopic {prez-be-op'-ik) {nrpiahvq, old; one that is done before the"development of in-
li\\>, eye].Affected with presbyopia. flammation, usually within the first twenty-
Prescription {pre-skrip'-skun) [/r«-, before ;
four hours. P. Bubo, a simple adenitis of
scribere, to write]. A formula written by the an inguinal lymphatic gland, resulting from
physician to the apothecary, designating the mechanical irritation. It is also known as
substances to be administered. A P. consists biibon cf eniblee. P. Dementia, a form of in-
of the heading, usually the symbol B. (stand- sanity occurring in young adults, and charac-
ing for the Latin word recipe, imperative of terized by an extreme degree of apathy, tiie
reripfre, io take), the names and quantities patient lying motionless, absolutely listless,
of the ingredients, the directions to the without wants and seemingly without percep-
apothecary, the directions to the patient, the tion of his surroundings. P. Lesion, the
date, and the signature. original lesion which forms the starting-point
i'RIMlGRAVIDA PROCESS
forsecondary lesions. P. Sore, the initial Prismatic [priz-mat'-i/c) [rrpiaiia, a prism].
chancre of syphilis.
sclerosis or Prism-shaped ; produced by the action of a
Primigravida [pri-me-gmv' -id-ah) [^primus, ]:)rism, as P. colors.
first; i^nit'idus, pregnant]. A woman preg- Prismoptometer [priz-mop-to»t'-et-er) [npia-
nant for tlie first time. fin,prism; utj:, eye /it:Tpov, measure].
;
An
Primipara {^pri-mip'-ar-ah) \_priiitus, first; instrument for estimating refractive defects of
parerc, to bear]. woman A bearing or giv- the eye by means of two prisms placed base
ing birth to her first child. to base.
Primiparous {pii-inip'-ar-its)\_ primus, first ;

Pro- [L.]. A prefix meaning before.
pare re, to bear]. Bearing a child or being Probang {pro'-ban<f) \_probarc, to test]. A
in labor for the first time. rod of whalebone or other lle.\ible material
Primitive [prim'- it - iv) \_priwtis, first]. used for making local ajiplications to the
I'irst formed original.
;
P. Groove, the en- esophagus or larynx, or removing foreign
largement and deepening of the primitive bodies. P., Ball-, a probang having an
streak. See P. Streak. P. Streak, P. ivory bulb attached to one end. P., Horse-
Trace, a streak appearing at the end of the hair-, P., Bristle-, one having on the end a
germinal disc, and indicating the first trace sheath of horsehair or bristles that can be
of the embryo. made to spread like an umbrella as the in-
Primordial [pri-7nor'-de-al ) [pritnus, fwsi; strument is drawn out. P., Sponge-, one
ordiri, to arise]. Existing in the beginning, provided with a small sponge at one end.
first-formed, primitive, original, of the sim- Probe [p7-dl>) \_probare, to test]. A slender,
plest P. Kidney, the Wolffian
character. flexible rod for exploring a channel. P.,
body. P. Ova, cells lying among the germ- Anel's, a delicate probe for exploring or
epithelium of the surface of the embryonic dilating the lacrimal puncta and lacrimal
ovary. canals. P., Blunt, one with a blunt extrem-
Princeps [pt-in'-Scps) [/;-//«/«, first ; caput, ity. P., Bowman's, one of a series of grad-
head]. First, original. P. cervicis, a uated probes used for dilating the nasal duct.
branch of the occipital artery supplying the P., Drum-, one provided with a drum or re-
trapezius muscle. P. pollicis, a branch of verberator to ena!)le the ear to detect contact
the radial artery, going to the palmar surface with foreign bodies: P., Electric, one having
of the thumb. two insulated wires, so that contact with a bul-
Principle [prin'-si-pl) [^priucipiu/n, from let or metal completes the circuit, and thus in-
printips\. A constituent of a compound dicates the presence of such a foreign body.

having a definite composition and represent- P., Eyed, a probe having a slit at one end
ing its essential or characteristic properties. through which a tape or ligature can be
P., Proximate. See Proximate. passed. P., Lacrimal, one used for dilating
Prinos [pri'-nos] [L.]. Black alder, a shrub the lacrimal passages. P., Meerschaum-,
of the order Aquifoliaceas. The bark and the a probe, the end of which is tipped with
berries of P. verticillatus have been em- meerschaum, which becomes streaked with
ployed as tonics and astringents in diarrhea, the lead by contact with a bullet. P.,
and locally, as an application to ulcers. Dose Nelaton's, one that is capped with un-
^ss-j (2.0-4.3) >
of a decoction f3J-ij (32.0- glazed porcelain upon which a leaden ball
64.0). Unof. makes a metallic streak. P., Vertebrated,
Prism [prizi/i) \_Trpiafia, from npiêiv, to saw]. one made of small links so jointed togethej
A solid whose bases or ends are similar plane that it is very flexible.
figures and whose sides are parallelograms. Process processus, ixovA procedere,
i^pros'-es') \_
In optics, a transparent solid with trian- to go] . I . A

course of action a group oi ;
gular ends and two converging sides. It phenomena, as the inflammatory P. 2. A

breaks up white light into its component prominence or outgrowth, as the spinous P. of
colors and bends the rays of light toward the a vertebra, the axis-cylinder P. of a nerve.
siile opposite the angle
(the base of the P.), P., Alveolar. See Alveolar. P., Auditory,
and is used to measure or correct imbalance the curved plate of bone surrounding the ex-
of the ocular muscles. P. -diopter, P.- ternal auditory meatus for the greater part of
dioptry, a unit of prismatic refractive power : its circumference, and serving for the attach-
the refractive power of a prism that deflects a ment of the cartilage of the external ear. P.,
ray of light one centimeter on a tangent plane Basilar. See Basilar. P., Ciliary. See
situated at a distance of one meter. P., Ciliary. P., Conoid. See Com id Tiibei-cle.
Enamel-, one of the prismatic columns of P., Coracoid. See Coracoid. P. Coro-
from four to six sides composing the enamel noid. I. A thin, flattened process project-
of teeth, closely packed together and gener- ing from the anterior portion of the upper
ally vertical to the surface of the underlying border of the ramus of the lower jaw, and
dentine. P., Nicol-. See A'ieol-prism. serving for the attachment of the temporal
PROCESS PROCESS
muscle. 2. A triangular projection from the roof of the mouth. P., Postglenoid, a
upper end of the ulna, forming the lower part
small tubercle separating the glenoid fossa
of the greater sigmoid cavity. P., Deiters', from the auditory process. P., Protoplas-
the axis cylinder process of a nerve-cell. mic. I. Any one of the processes of nerve-
See P., Protoplasmic. cells that are not continued as axis-cylinders.
P., Dendritic. P.,
Ensiform, the cartilaginous tip at the lower 2. A pseudopod of an ameboid cell. P.,
end of the sternum. P., Ethmoid, one of Pterygoid (of the Palate Bone), a pyramidal
the projections from the superior border of process projecting from the posterior border
the inferior turbinated bone. P., External of the palate bone and articulating with the
Angular, the projection on the outer extrem- sphenoid bone. P., Pterygoid [of the .Sphe-
of tlie supraorbital arch of the frontal noid Bone), one descending perpendicularly
ity
bone. P., Falciform : i. A
process of the from the point of junction of the body with
fascia lata of the thigh, forming the outer the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and
and upper margin of the saphenous opening. consisting of an external and internal plate. P.
It is known also as the Faldfortn P. of of Rau. Synonym of P., Lo?ig{of the Mal-
Burns. 2. The falx cerebri. P., Ham- leus). P.. Short [of the Incus), a conic pro-
ular: l. A hook-like process of bone on the cess projecting almost horizontally backward
lower extremity of the internal pterygoid from the body of the incus and attached by lig-
plate, around which the
tendon of the tensor amentous fibers to the margin of the opening
palati turns. 2. Of the lacrimal bone, the leading into the mastoid cells. P., Short
hook-like termination of the lacrimal crest. [of the Alalleus), a slight projection from the
P., Internal Angular, the inner extremity root of the manul)rium of the malleus, lying
of the supraorbital arch of the frontal bone. in contact with the tympanic membrane. P.,
P., Jugular. "n&Q Jugular. P., Lacrimal, Sphenoidal, a thin plate of bone directed
a short process of the inferior turbinated bone upward and inward from the vertical plate
that articulates with the lacrimal bone. P., of the palate bone. P., Spinous [of the
Long [of tlie Incus), a slender process that Piutn), a prominent eminence on the ante-
descends vertically from the body of the incus rior or posterior border of the ilium. The
and articulates, by the lenticular process, with upper process on the anterior border is the
the head of the stapes. P., Long [of the anterior superior spitioiis process ; below it is
]\Ialleus), along delicate process that passes the anterior inferior spinous process. On the
from the neck of the malleîs outward to the posterior border there are also two processes
Glaserian fissure, to which it is connected by — a posterior superior and a posterior inferior.
cartilaginous and ligamentous fibers. P., P., Spinous [of the Sphenoid Bone), a rough
Malar, a triangular eminence of the superior prominence descending from the posterior
maxilla by which it articulates with the malar part of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
bone. P., Mammillary, one of the tubercles It receives the attachment of the internal
on the posterior part of the superior articular lateral ligament of the jaw and the tensor
processes of the lumbar vertebra?. P., Mas- palati muscle. P., Spinous [of the Til>ia),
toid. See Miistoid. P., Maxillary, a thin an eminence of Ijone on the upper surface of
plate ofbone descending from the ethmoid between the two articular surfaces,
the tibia,
process of the inferior turbinated bone, and and nearer to the posterior than the anterior
hooking over the lower edge of the orifice of border. P., Spinous [of a Vertebra), the
.the antrum. P., Nasal iôf the Superior prominent backward projection from the
Alaxilla), a thick, triangular process of bone middle of the posterior portion of the arch
that projects upward, inward, and backward of a vertebra. P., Styloid ((/ the Fibula),
by the side of the nose, forming a part of its a jiointed eminence projecting upward from
lateral wall. P., Odontoid, the tooth-like the posterior portion of the head of the fibula.
process of the axis which ascends and ar- P., Styloid [of the Radius), a projection
ticulates with the atlas. P., Olecranon-, from the external border of the lower ex-
the olecranon. P., Olivary, a small oval tremity of the radius. P., Styloid [of the
eminence situated behind the optic groove Teinporal Bone),&&\\&r\> spine alxnit an inch
of the sphenoid bone. P., Orbital (of the in length descending downward, forward,
Palate Bone),.s. process directed upward and inward from the inferior surface of the
and outward from the upper portion of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. P.,
palate bone. P., Orbital
[of the Superior Styloid [of the Ulna), a projection from the
Maxilla'), a process projecting from the inner and posterior portion of the lower ex-
orbital margin of the superior maxilla. P., tremity of the ulna. P., Superior Maxil-
Palate, a thick process projecting hori- lary, an eminence on the face of the emiiryo
zontally inward from the inner surface of which gives rise to the superior maxilla and
the superior maxillary bone, and forming the malar bone. P., Superior Vermiform,
Dart of the floor of the nostril and the the upper part of the median lobe of the cere-
PROCESSUS PROFESSIONAL
bellum, connecting the two lateral hemi- Procreation [pro-kre-a'-shini) \_procreare,
spheres. P., Temporal, the posterior angle to bring forth]. The act. of begetting off-
of the malar bone by which it articu- sjiring.
lates with the zygomatic process of the tem- Proctalgia [prokdal' -je-ah) [tf/jw/u of,
anus ;
poral bone. P., Transverse, a jirocess pro- h'/.jor, Neuralgic pain in the rectum.
pain].
jecting outward from the side
- tek' - to -
of a vertebra, Proctectomy [prok me) \jxpidK.-6(i,
at the junction of the pedicle and the lamina. anus; hirojil/, excision]. Excision of the
P., Unbranched. Synonym of P.,Axis- rectum.
cvlinder. P., Unciform \of the Ethmoid Proctitis [prok-ti' -lis) [-/3u;c7or, anus ltic., ;
Boil-), a hook-like projection

from the inferior intlammation]. Inflammation of the anus or
portion of each lateral mass of the ethmoid rectum.
bone. It articulates with the ethmoidal pro- Procto- [prok' -to-) [T/xj/crdr, anus]. pre- A
cess of the inferior turbinated bone. P., fix signifying anus or rectum.
Unciform {of the Hippocampal Gynis), a Proctocele [prok'-to-sel) [-/xj/crof, anus ;
hook-like projection from the anterior end of KifKii, hernia]. Prolapse of the rectum.
the gyrus hippocampi. P., Unciform [of the Proctodeum, or Proctodaeum [prok-fo-de'-
Unciform Bone), a hook-like projection from jtin) [jijKJKTt'it;, the anus; i)a'ieiv, to divide].
tlie palmar surface of the unciform bone. An invagination of the ectoderm in the em-
P., Vaginal {of Peritoneum), the process biyo that grows inward toward the cloaca until
of peritoneum which the testicle in its descent the ectoderm and entoderm come into con-
carries in advance, and which in the scrotum tact ;
the membrane formed between the two
forms the tunica vaginalis testis. P., Va- finally breaks through, the gut then opening
ginal [of the Sphenoid Bone), a projection externally.
from tlie inferior surface of the body of the Proctodynia [prok-fo-din' -e-ah) \TTpuKroc,
anus Pain about the anus or
sphenoid bone, running horizontally inward ; hovvq, pain].
from near the base of the pterygoid process. in the rectum.
Proctoplasty [prok' -to- plas

-
P., Vaginal [of the Temporal Bone), a te) \jkp(j1kt6c,,
slieatli-like plate of bone which extends from anus; TrAdffata', to form]. Plastic surgery
the carotid canal to the mastoid process. It of the anus.
separates behind into two laminre that en-
- - -
Proctoptosis [prok top to' sis) [Trpw/crdf,
close the styloid process. P., Xiphoid, the anus; -ruaiq, a falling]. Prolapse of the
ensiform cartilage. P., Zygomatic [of the rectum.
Mala I- Bone), a long, serrated process which Proctorrhaphy [prok- tor' - a- f) [Tpw/frdf,
articulates with the zygomatic process of the anus; pap/;, suture]. Suture of the rectum
temporal bone. P., Zygomatic [of the or anus.
Temporal Bone), a long projection from the Proctotomy ( prok-tot'-o-ine) [_-puKT6r, anus ;
lower part of the squamous portion of the tem- Toai], a cutting]. Incision into the rectum,
poral bone, articulating with the malar bone. especially for stricture.
Processus pro-ses^-ns) [L-]- A process.
[
Procursive [pro-kiir'-si-u) \_p>'o, forward;
P. ad cerebrum, the superior cerebellar ped- cnrrere, to run]. Running forward, as P.
uncle. P. ad meduUam, the inferior ped- epilepsy, a form in which the patient runs
uncle of the cerebellum. P. ad pontem, the during the epileptic attack.
middle peduncle of the cerebellum. P. ad Prodromal ( pro-dro'-mal) {prpS, before ;
testes, the superior cerebellar peduncles. P. i')j)6ii<K,
a running]. Precursory; of the
clavatus, a thickening on the posterior nature of a prodrome.
pyramid of the medulla near the apex of Prodrome [pro'-drom) [~jj6, before; 6p6fiog,
the fourth ventricle. P. cochleariformis, a running]. A forerunner of a disease a ;
a thin plate of bone separating the canal symptom indicating the approach of a dis-
for the Eustachian tube from that for the ease.
tensor tym|)ani muscle. P. e cerebello ad Productive [pro- diik'
-
tiv) ^pro, before;
cerebrum, the superior cerebellar peiluncle. dncere, to lead]. Forming, especially form-
P. e cerebello ad meduUam, the inferior ing new tissue, as a P. inflammation.
cereliellar peduncle. P. e cerebello ad Proencephalus [pro-ett-sef -al-ns) \_~p6, be-
pontem, the middle cerebellar peduncle. fore; eyiitipnhig, brain]. monster charac-A
P. e cerebello ad testes, the superior terized by a ]irotrusion of the brain through
peduncles of the cerebellum. P. gracilis, a fissure in the frontal region.
a long delicate process passing from below Professional pro-fesh'-un-al) \_profiteri, to
[
the neck of the malleus to the Glaserian profess]. Pertaining to a profession,

I.
fissure. P. hamatus. Synonym of Process, especially to the medical profession in keep- ;
Unciform. ing with medical ethics. 2. Produced by
Procidentia [fro-se-dcn'-she-ah) \_pro, be- the practice of a ]-)rofession, as P. neurosis

fore; cadere, to fall]. Prolapse. (writer's cramp, telegrapher's crainj), etc.).
PROFUNDUS PRONUCLEUS
Protundns { pro-fun' -Ji/s)\_ profundus deep]. ,
P. of the Cord, premature expulsion of the
applied to certain muscles, and umbilical cord during parturition. P. of
Deep-seated ;
in the feminine, profunda, to certain arteries. the Iris, protrusion of the iris through a
See Arteries, Table of. corneal wound.
Progenitor [pro-jen' it- or) [pro, before
-
;
Proliferate {pro-lif'-er-dt)[proles, offspring ;
_iîgnere, to Ancestor, or forefather.

beget]. fcrre, to bear]. To multiply to generate. ;
Progeny {prof-en-e) [fro, before; gignere, Proliferation {pro-lifer-a'-s/iiai) [proles,

to beget]. Offspring; descendants. offspring ferre, to bear].
;
The act of pro-
Proglottis {pro-giot'-is) [-po, before y/.tJa- ; liferating or multiplying, as P. of cells. P.,
aa, tongue: //., Proglottides\. A mature Atrophic, the multiplication of cells in atro-
segment of a tapeworm. phic tissues.
Prognathous [prog'-iia-thiis) [tt/dj^ ,
before ; Proliferative, Proliferous {pro-lif'-er-a-tiv,
yvdikiQ, jaw]. Having a projecting lower pro-lif '-er-iis) [proles, offspring ferre, to ;
jaw. bear]. Multiplying; characterized by the

Prognosis {prog no'-sis) ['npo, before ; yvu- formation of new tissues or by cell-proli-
ati;, knowledge]. A
judgment in advance feration. P. Cyst, a cyst in which the lining
concerning the duration, course, and termina- epithelium proliferates and produces pro-
tion of a disease. jections from the inner surface of the cyst.
Prognostic {prog-nos'-til;) [^po, before; Prolific {pro-lif '-ik) [/;'(>/«, offspring ; _/a-
Pertaining to prognosis. cere, to make]. Fruitful.
jrdxT/f, knowledge] .
'
Prognosticate {prog-nos'-tik-dt) [?rpo, be- Proligerous {pro-lij -er-tis) [proles, off-
fore; yvuaiq, knowledge]. To give a prog- spring; gerere, to bear]. Germinating;

nosis. producing offspring. P. Disc. See Discus
Progression [pro-gresh'-itii) [progredi, to proligerus.
advance]. The act of advancing or moving Prominence [pro, before
{prom'-in-ens) ;
forward. P., Backward, a backward walk- tiiiiit-re, to jut]. I. A

projection on the sur-
a rare symptom of certain nervous lesions. face of a part, especially on a bone. 2. The
ing,
P., Cross-legged, walking with the legs state of being prominent. P., Genital, an
almost crossing, a condition sometimes ob- accumulation of cells on the ventral aspect
served in bilateral hip-disease and in cerebral of the embiyonic cloaca, from which the
spastic palsy. generative organs are developed.
Progressive [pro-gres'-iv) [progredi, to go Promontory {prom'-oii-to-re') [/;'c, before ;
forward]. Gradually extending. P. Mus- vions, mountain]. A projecting prominence.
cular Atrophy, chronic anterior poliomyeli- P. of the Sacrum, the prominence formed
tis in which the large ganglion-cells of the by the angle between the upper extremity of
anterior horns are gradually destroyed, which the sacrum and the last lumbar vertebra.
leads to atrophy of the muscles. P. Ossi- Pronation {pro-na'-shnn) [pronare, to bend
I. The condition of being prone
fying Myositis, a chronic inflammation of forward]. ;
muscles, associated with a tendency to bony the act of placing in the prone position. 2.
deposits in them. Of the hand, the turning of the palm down-

Projectile {pro-jek' -til) [/;-<), before jacere, ; ward.
to throw]. Throwing forward. P. Vomit- Pronator {pro-na' -tor') [pronare, to bend
ing, a form of vomiting sometimes observed forward]. That which pronates, a term ap-
in diseases of the brain, in which the ma- plied to several muscles. See Muscles,
suddenly projected out of the mouth
terial is Table of.
to some distance, generally without nausea. Prone {pron) [proniis, prone]. Tying with
Projection [pro-jek'-shicii) [pro, before; the face downward of the arm, having the
;
jacere', to throw]. The

act of throwing for-
I.
palm directed downwartl ; the opposite of
ward. A
part extending beyond the level
2. supine.
of the surrounding surface. 3. The refer- Pronephron, Pronephros {pro-ncf'-ron,
ring of impressions made on the organs of pro-nef'-ros) [-{id, before; ve(pp6g, a kid-
sense to the position of the object producing ney]. The anterior of the three segments
them. P. -systems, the name given to the of the Wolffian body opening by means of the
pathways connecting the cerebral cortex with Miillerian duct into the cloaca. It is the first
the periphery. The first P. -system corres- jiart of the urogenital system to be differen-
ponds to the fibers passing through the corona tiated in the vertebrate embryo.
radiata; the second, to the tracts proceeding Pronucleus {pro-nu'-kle-tis] [pro, liefore;
downward to the gray matter from the third nucleus, nucleus]. One of the two nuclear
ventricle to the end of the spinal cord the ; bodies of a newly fecundated ovum, the male
third, to the peripheral nerves. P. and the female P., the fusion of which re-
Prolapse {pro-laps') [prolaln, to slipdown]. sults in the formation of the first embryonic
The falling forward or downward of a part. nucleus.
PROOF-SPIRIT PROSTATOTOMY
Proof-spirit. See Spirit. pionic"], CjHg. A gaseous hydrocarbon be-
Prootic {pio-o'-tili) \_~pd, before ; ovq, ear]. longing to the series of the olefins.
In front of the ear. Pro re nata [pro re na'-tah) [L. ]. A phrase
Propane [pro' -pan) \_propioni(:'\ QH^. A signifying according to the circumstances of
hy(iiocaibon,the third member of the marsh- the case.
gas series, occurring in petroleum. Proscolex [pro- sko'- leks) [t^()6, before;
Prop-cells. Columnar or fusiform cells placed aiMAi/i, a worm; pL, Proscolices\ The
in the intervals of the rods and hair-cells of embryo of a cestode worm immediately after
the organ of Corti. They are also known as leaving the egg.
supporting cells and cells of Deiter. Prosector {pro-sek' -tor) [pro, for; sector,
Propenyl [p'-o'-pcn-ii). See Glyceryl. cutter]. An medical college who
officer of a
Propepsin {propcp'-siji) [tt/jo, before; ttctt- prepares subjects for anatomic dissection, or
rtiv, to cook]. The zymogen of pepsin, to illustrate didactic lectures.
found in the cells of the gastric glands. Prosencephalon [pros-en-sef -al-on) [-p6q,
Propeptone [pro-pep^' -toil). See under Pep- before; ii)idCj>a/.oc, brain]. The forebrain ;
tone. that part of the anterior cerebral vesicle from

Propeptonuria [pro-pep-tou-ii'-re-ah) [rrpd, which are developed the hemispheres, the
before peptone ; urina, urine].
;
The appear- corpus callosum, the anterior commissure,
ance of propeptone in the urine. It is said the fornix, the septum lucidum, the anterior
to occur in fevers, diphtheria, osteomalacia, perforated space, the olfactory lobes, and the
and during the administration of storax or cor]uis striatum.
phosphorus. Prosopalgia {pros-opal'-je-ah) [-poaunov,
Preperitoneal [pro-per-e-fon-e'-at) [rrpu, be- face ; akyoc, pain]. Face-ache neuralgic ;
fore ; peritoneum].
T7f/5/roi'a/oi', Situated in pain in the distribution of the trigeminal
front of the peritoneum. P. Hernia, a nerve ;
tic douloureux.
hernia the sac of which extends in various Prostatalgia {pros-ta-tal'-je-ah) [-{wararrjq,
directions within the aljdominal walls. j)rostate ; a/) of, pain]. Pain in the pros-
Prophylactic ( pro-Ji/-ak'-tii-)\_-fm(l)V/.'}.i'wG£n', tate gland.
to kee]i I. I'ertaining to pro-
guard before]. Prostate, or Prostate [pros' -tat) Gland
phylaxis. 2. A
remedy or agent that pre- [7rpo(7-rtr7/f, before ; laravai,
prostate ; rcpo,
vents the development of disease. to stand]. Ihe organ surrounding the neck
Prophylaxis [ pro-fil-aks'-is) \npo^vXkanaeiv , of the l)ladder and beginning of the urethra
tokeep guard before] . Prevention of disease ; (prostatic urethra). It consists of two lateral
measures preventing the development or lobes and a middle lobe, and is composed of
s]iread of disease. muscular and glandular tissue, the prostatic
Propionic Acid {pro-pe-on'-ik)[_TrpG)Toq, first; glands. The prostate often becomes enlarged
mijv, fat], C.jHgO.^, a monobasic acid of the in advanced life, and may then interfere with
fatty acid series, occurring in sweat, chyme, the emjitying of the bladder.
and occasionally in diabetic urine. Prostatectomy ( pros-ta-tek'-to-uie) [irpocj-
Proprius [pro'-pre-us) [L.]. Individual; TaT))q, prostate; eKTopi/, excision]. Excision
s]iecial, as Flexor proj)rius pollicis, the of the prostate.
special flexor of the thumb. Prostatic [pros-tat' -ik) [7rpo(7-aT7;f, prostate] .
Proptosis {prop- to'- sis) \j^po, forward; Relating to the prostate. P. Calculus, a
TZTuxj/r, a falling]. A falling downward ;
stone lodged in the prostate gland. P.
prolapse. Plexus. I. A
collection of veins surround-
Propulsion {pro-puF-shun) \_pro, before; ing the neck and base of the bladder and the
pellere, to push]. I. The act of pushing or prostate gland. 2. A
plexus of nerves de-
driving forward. 2. A falling forward in rived from the pelvic plexus, and distributed
walking, a condition seen in paralysis agitans.' to the ]">rostate gland, seminal vesicles, and
See Festincition. erectile tissue of the penis. P. Urethra,
Propyl [pro' -pi!) [propionic'], C.J\ The that portion of the urethra surrounded by the
radicle of propane. prostate gland.
Propylamin [ pro-pil'-am-in') [propyl, from Prostatitis pros-fa-ti'-tis)
( [TTpocrarTjc;, pros-
propionic :
(iiiiiii'].
A liquid basic comj)ound tate iTig, inflammation].
; Inflammation of
having the formula CjH.iN, and existing in the prostate gland.
two forms, a normal P., boiling at 47°C. , Prostatorrhea ( pros-t,i-to>-e'-ah)[-Kpiimari]q,
and isopropylamin, boiling at 3i.5°C. prostate; po'ia, flow]. A
thin urethral dis-
Normal P. has been cbtained from cultures charge coming from the prostate gland in
of bacteria of feces isopropylamin has been
; cases of prostatitis or masturliation.
found among the distillation-products of beet- Prostate tomy [ pros to tot' -o-nic)[-{wa7dT7iq ,
root molasses. See Ptornains, Talile of. ]>n)state; Totii}, a cutting]. Incision into
Propylene [pro'-pil-en] [propyl, from pro~ the prostate gland.
PROSTHESIS PROTOPLASM
Prosthesis {pros' -i/ies-is) {ttjmc, to dkaiq, a ; Proteolysis [pro-te-ol'-is-is) [Trp^rof, first;
Replacement of a missing part AraiQ, solution]. The change produced in

placing].
proteids by ferments that convert them into
by an artificial substitute.
'ProsX'hQX.ic. {pros-thet'-ik) to êaif , a diffusible bodies.
[jr/jof, ;
placing]. Pertaining to prosthesis. Proteolytic (p7-o-te-o-lit'-ik) [rrpwrof, first;

character-
Prosthetics {pros-thet'-iks) [Trpof, to ; ^fff/f, Tivaig,solution]. Pertaining to,
a placing]. The branch of surgery that ized by, or effecting, proteolysis.
deals with prosthesis. Proteose [pro' -te-os) [—pilyrcK:, first]. Any
ster- one of a group of bodies formed in gastric di-
Prostrate \pros'-irat) [pro, before;
ile rf, to spread]. Lying at full length. gestion, intermediate between the food-pro-
Prostration {pros-tra'-shun) \_pro, before; teids and the peptones, called antipeptone,
stc-ruere, to spread]. I. The condition of hemipeptone, etc.
being prostrate. 2. Extreme exhaustion of Proteus (/'w'-/<?-/«) [L.]. A genus of bac-

nervous or muscular force. P., Nervous, teria. See Bactei'icT, Table of.
Prothesis (proth'-es-is). See Prostliesis.
general exhaustion from excessive expendit-
ure of nervous energy. Prothetic {pro-thet'-ik). See Prosthetic.
Protagon ( pro'-tng-on) [ri-pwror, first ; ayeiv, Protiodid (prd-ti'-o-did)\_'KpuTO(;, first 'luSrjq, ;
to lead], CifioHsogNsPO.^. A crystalline like a violet]. A salt containing the least

nervous tissue, and yield amount of iodin of the iodids of the same
glucosid found in
See Proto-.
ing when boiled with baryta the decomposi-
base.
tion-products of lecithin.
Proto- [pro' -to-) [-pwrof, first].
I. pre- A
Protalbumose {prot-al'-bu-mos). Same as fixsignifying first. 2. In chemistry, a prefix
Protoalhiimose. signifying the lowest of a series of com-

Protamin {pro'-ia-min^ [ Trpwrof first; , pounds of the same elements, as protoiodid,
CjpHjjNyOj.
a»tin'], Anorganic base found protochlorid, protoxid.
with nuclein in the spawn of salmon. Protoalbumose [pro-to-al' -bu-vios). See
Protean [pro'-te-an) \_Froteus, a Grecian sea- Albiimose.
god who had the power of changing his Protoblast { pro' -to-blast)\_TTpuTO(; first (iTiaa- , ;
shape].Taking on many shapes; as a P. rof, germ]. A cell without a cell-wall.

disease, P. eruption. Protocatechuic Acid [pro-to-kat-e-chu'-ik)
Protective [pro,
{pro-tek'-tiv) before; [-/)w7()f first ,
c7/Ar//«], C^HgO^.
; Dioxy-
tegere, to cover].Covering so as to shield benzoic acid, an acid sometimes occurring in
against harm; guarding against harm, as a P.
the urine.
dressing. P. Proteids. See Proteids, Dc- Protochlorid ( pro-to-klo'-rid). See Proto-
fciisivc. (second definition).
Proteid {pro'-fe-id) [Trpwrof, first]. Any Protogaster [pro-to-gas' -ter) [TrpJj-or, first ;
one of the important and essential nitrogen- yaari/p, stomach]. The primitive intestinal
ous constituents of animal (animal P.) and cavity of a gastrula.
vegetable (vegetable P.) tissues. are They Protoglobulose [ pro-to-glob' -u-los) [npuTog,
colloid, noncrystallizable, and levorotary, are first globulus, a ball].

;
One of the primary
precipitated from solutions by alcohol and products of the digestion of globulin.
various metallic salts, and coagulated by heat Protoiodid (pro-to-i'-o-did). Synonym of
and mineral acids. Proteids are divided Protiodid.
by Landois into (a) native albumins : serum-
:
Protoleukocyte [pro-to-lu'- ko-sit) [Trpurof,
albumin, egg-albumin, metalbumin, and par- first; /EDKOf, One of
white; Krrog, cell].
albumin; (h)dL'riveda/cni/?iiiis,oralbiii)ii)tates: the minute lymphoid cells found in the red
acid-albumin, syntonin, alkali-albumin, and bone marrow and also in the spleen.
casein; (c) globulins: crystallin, vitellin, Protomyosinose [pro-to-iui-o'-sin-os] [rrpw-
paraglobulin, or serum-globulin, fibrinogen, rof, first; muscle]. A product of the
/ztif,
myosin, glolnn (d) fibrins ;

; (e) coagu- primary digestion of myosin.
lated proteids ; (f ) albuinoses aiid peptones ; Protonephron (pro- to-nef'-ron) [npuroq,
(g) lardacein. P., Bacterial, one formed first; vt(t>poc, kidney]. The pronephron,
by the action of a microorganism. P., metanephron, and mesonephron taken to-
Bacterial Cellular, any proteid found in gether ; the primitive kidney.
the bodies of bacteria. P., Defensive, Protopathic [pro-to-path' -ik) [TrpcJrof, first;
one of the proteids existing in the blood iraiUiq, disease]. Primary; relating to the
and rendering the system immune to in- first lesion idiopathic
; opposed to deutero- ;
fectious diseases. pathic.

Protein ( pro' -te-iri) [rrpwrof, first]. sub- A Protoplasm [pro'-to-plazni) [rrpwrof, first;
stance formerly regarded as a proteid de- -'/Aaativ, mold]. toThe viscid material
prived of its sulphur, and looked upon as an constituting the essential substance of living
alkali-albumin. cells, upon which all the vital functions of
PROTOPLASMIC PSEUDENCEPIIALUS
nutrition, secretion,
growth, reproduction, tions Extractum pruni virginiance fluidum.
:
de[5end.
irritability, motility, Wlien highly Dose fgj (4-o)- Infusum pruni virginiana;.
magiiitied the protojiiasm of most cells ap- Dose f_îj-f_îij (64.0-96.0). Syrupus
pears as a network (spongioplasm), contain- pruni virginianffi. Dose f.^ss (16. o).
ing a more fluid substance (hyaloplasm) in Pruriginous {prti-rij'-in-in) [prurirc-, to
its meshes. itch]. Pertaining to or resembling prurigo.
Protoplasmic [pro to- plaz'-mik) [rrpajrof, Prurigo {pru-ri'-go) \_priirirt-, to itch], i.
first •K'/JiGaaiv, to mold].

;
I. Pertaining to A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin,
protoplasm. 2. Composed of protoplasm. characterized by small pale papules and
P. Process. See Process. severe itching. The papules are deeply
Protospasm ( pro'-to-spazni) \_-iMToq, first ; seated, and are most prominent on the ex-
spasm].
airapfior, A spasm beginning in one tensor surfaces of the limbs. The disease
part and extending to others. begins in early life and is usually incurable.
Protosulphate {^pro-to-sul'-fdf). See Proto- 2. Pruritus.
(2d def. ).
Pruritic {pnc -
rit'- ik)
\_priirire, to itch].
Prototype {pro^-to-t'ip) [Trpwrof, first ; ri'Trof, Pertaining to pruritus ;
itching.
type]. An
original type ;
a type after which Pruritus [pnc-ri'-tus] \_prnrire, itch]. to
others are copied. Itching, a peculiar, uncomfortable sensation
Protoxid { pro
-
toks'- id). See Proto- (2d due to irritation of the peripheral sensory
def,). nerve, and leading to scratching. It may be

Protozoon pro-to-zo' -on) [ffpwrof , first ; 'C(^nv,
( "k symptom of other diseases of the skin, or
animal]. One of the lowest class of the animal an independent neurosis. The latter receives
kingdom, comprising organisms which con- its name from the part affected, as P. ani, P.
sist of simple cells or colonies of cells, and vaginoe. P. hiemalis, a form affecting cer-
which possess no nervous system and no cir- tain persons only in winter, especially in dry
culatory organs. climates. P. senilis, the P. of the aged,
Protyl pro' -til) [Trpurof, first]. The sup-
[^
at times due to degenerative changes in
posed primitive universal element. the skin.

Proud Flesh. E.xuberant granulation-tissue. Prussian Blue. The ferrocyanid of iron,
Provisional [pro-vizk'-iai-ai) [pro, before; used the arts as a dye
in it was formerly ;
videre, to see]. For temporary use, as P. employed in medicine as a febrifuge, tonic,

callus. and alterative. Dose gr. iij-v (0.2-0.32).
Proximad [proks'-im-ad) \_proximus, near- Prussiate [pnis'-e-dt ). A salt of prussic, or
est ; ad, toward] Toward the proximal end.
.
hydrocyanic acid.
Proximal l^proks' -im-al)\_proxiinHS ,t\(fs.x&'i,'C\. Prussic Acid. See Acid, Hydrocyanic.
Nearest to the body or the median line Psalterium {sal-te'-re-uin) [_^)nAT//i)ioi>,
a
of the body, or some other point considered lute]. The third compartment of the stomach
as the center of a system. of ruminants. It is also called manyplies.
Proximate [proks'-im-at) \_proximus, near- Psammocarcinoma [saiji-o-kar-sin-o' -mak)
est]. Nearest; immediate, as P. cause.' [ipafi/xog, sand; carcinoma'^. A carcinoma
P. Principle, a substance existing under its containing calcareous deposits.
own form in the animal solids or fluids, and Psammoma [sam-o' -7nali) \_f[)afi\Loc, sand ;
that can be extracted by means not altering 6/m, tumor]. A firm tumor found in the
or destroying its chemic properties. membranes of the brain, the choroid plexus,
Prune -juice Expectoration. A peculiar and in other parts, and characterized by the
bloody sputum, of a dark purple color, re- presence of peculiar mineral concretions.
sembling prune-juice. It occurs in low The tumor is generally a fibrosarcoma.
forms of croupous pneumonia, in gangrene Psammous [sain' -us) \_ipdft/mr, sand].
and carcinoma of the lung. Sandy sabulous.
;
Prunum [pru' -nuni) [L.] Prune, the fruit Pseud-, Pseudo-, (sf/d-, sii'-do-) [i/'fixTz/f,
of Prunus domestica, of the order Rosacea. false]. A prefix meaning false.
Prunes are laxative. Pseudaconitin [su-dak-on' -it-in) [i/;et'J^f,
Prunus [pru'-iius) [L.]. A genus of trees false; aconitc'\, Q.^^\^^0^^. An extremely
of the order Rosacea;. P. domestica, is poisonous alkaloid from Aconitum ferox.
the source of the prune. P. serotina, Pseudacousma, Pseudacusis {su-dak-ooz^-
yields wild-cherry bark (Prunus Vir- ntah, su-dixk-ii' -sis, ; amveiv,
[i/'f*"5';c,
false
giniana, U. S. P.), which contains a vol- to hear]. A
disturbance of hearing in which
atile oil, hydrocyanic acid, tannic acid, a the person's own voice sounds strange or
resin, and other sulistances. It is used as a peculiar.
tonic and sedative in gastric debility and Pseudarthrosis [su-dar-thro' -sis) [i/êvd?)?,
genera! irritation of the system, and is a com- false; a joint]
a/i^'/ior. false joint. . A
mon ingredient of cough-mixtures. Prepara- '
Pseudencephalus (su-den-sef -al-us) \\ptV'
PSEUDESTHESIA PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS
Sijg, false kyKicpaXog, brain].
; species of A cillus. P. -bacillus, a nonpathogenic ba-
monster characterized by a partial develop- cillus resembling in form and growth the
ment of the frontal, parietal, and occipital true diphtheria-bacillus. It is now consid-
bones, while the brain is represented by a ered an attenuated form of the true bacillus.
bunch of membranes, blood vessels, connec- Pseudoephedrin {sii-do-ef'-ed-rin), C,„H,5-
and possibly nervous tissue, at the base
tive, JMO. An alkaloid found in Ephedra vulgaris
of the skull. and isomeric with ephedrin.
Pseudesthesia [sit-des-the' -ze-ali) \j\)tv^r]q, Pseudoerysipelas ( sti - do - er -e- sip'- cl - as)
false; atcWz/ff/f, feeling]. An imaginary sen- [i/ifi;(5//f, false; e>ysipelas'\. Inflammation
sation for which there is no corresponding of the subcutaneous cellular tissue resem-
object ;
a sensation in parts of the body that bling erysipelas.
have been removed by accident or surgical Pseudoglioma {su do-gli-o'->iiah) [i/irMz/f,
operation. false; ylia, glia bfia, tumor].;
A name
Pseudo- (s/Z-i/o-). See PsciiJ-. given to inflammatory changes of the vitreous
Pseudoactinomycosis,Pseudactinomyco- humor, due to iridochoroiditis, and resem-
sis {su-do-ak-iin-o-mi-ko' -sis ,
su-dak-tin-o- bling glioma of the retina.
{su do -gon o kok'- us)
-
lui-ko'-sis) [i/)£i'c5//f,
false ; aKTiq, ray ; /^rKZ/c, Pseudogonococcus - -
fungus]. A form of pulmonary tuberculosis [i/'fvJ^/f, false ; gonococcus\ diplococcus A

in which the sputum contains granular bodies found in the normal urethra, resembling the
resembling the grains of actinomycosis. They gonococcus.
consist of a crystalline substance similar to Pseudogonorrhea {su-do-goii-or-e' -ah) [i/'fu-
leucin. false; goiiorrhcal^.
(5//r, A
simple nonspecific
Pseudoangina (sii-do-an-ji' -naJi) \j\>tv&Tiq,
urethritis.
false; angcre,\.o strangle]. False angina; Pseudohermaphrodism (

su do-her-ma'-fro-
hysteric angina ; an attack of cardiac pain dizni) [i/ifiiry//f, false; hennaphrodistn'\. A
somewhat resembling angina pectoris but less condition simulating hermaphrodism.
grave in character, longer in duration, and {su do -hi- dro -fo'- be -
-
Pseudohydrophobia
usually not associated with organic heart- ah) \j\>£v6ijc, false; iJw/i, water; (pofioi;,
disease. occurs in neurotic women, and
It fear]. A condition resembling hydrophobia,
is generally brought on by emotional excite- at times produced by dread of the disease ; .
ment. lyssophobia.
Pseudoarthrosis [sti- do-ar-thro'-sis). See Pseudohypertrophic {su-do-hi-per-iro'- fik)
Psfiidartlirosis. false; i'77fp, over ; Tpoqii/, nutrition].
[i/ifi^(5/}f,
Pseudobacterium {sii
-
do - bak -te'- re-iivi) Pertaining to or characterized by pseudohy-
[ipfUfJ^f, false ; (iaKT/'/pcov, a little rod or pertrophy. P. Muscular Paralysis. See
staff]. object resembling a bacterium.
Any Paralysis, Pseudohypertrophic.
Pseudobulbar ( sii-do-buV -bar^ \_-\\>EV('sijc, Pseudohypertrophy {su-do-hi-per' -tro-fe)
false /ôA/Wf, bulb]
;
Not really bulbar. P. .
[i/'Hif5//f, false; v-kp, above; rpo(pi/, nutri-
Paralysis, symmetric disease of both cere- tion]. False hypertrophy; increase in the
bral hemispheres involving the centers or size of an organ or part on account of over-
paths of the nerves of speech, and thus re- growth of an unimportant tissue. It is ac-
sembling disease of the medulla oblongata. companied by diminution in function.
Pseudocele ( su'-do-sel) [i/'tt'dz/f,
false ;
Pseudoleukemia {sti-do-lu-ke' -ine-ah) [t/'fw-
KoV/.oi;, hollow]. The fifth ventricle of the f5//f. false
Icuktniia^
;
See Hodgkin'' s Dis-
brain. ease. P., Infantile, \'on J'^l'^sch's disease,
Pseudocrisis ( sii-do-kri'-sis) [i/'f rrfz/f , false ; a form of anemia occurring in young children,
I
Kpiaiq, separating] . A
false crisis a sudden ; usually dependent on a rachitic diathesis, and
1 fallof temperature resembling the crisis of a not associated witli much leukocytosis.
disease, but subsequently followed by a rise Pseudoleukocythemia {su-do-lu-ko-si-the'
-
of temperature and a continuation of the vie-ah) [i/'frJ//c, false ; /fi'Aof, white i;iro(;, ;
disease. P. is common in pneumonia. cell ; (una, blood]. Synonym of Pseiidoleu-

Pseudocroup sii'-do-krup)
( [i/zei'd^/f ,
false ;
keviia.
A.S. , hiopau, to cry aloud]. False croup; Pseudolipoma {su-do-lip-o' -fuah) \_\\trvMii;.
laryngismus stridulus. false; Xmoq, fat;

tumor]. A localized
hjin,
Pseudocyesis ( sit-do-si-e'-sis) [i/'fwy//f , false ;
edema resemljling an accumulation of fat,
Kvjjaiq, pregnancy]. False pregnancy; the occurring above the clavicle and about the
belief in the existence of pregnancy on the knee, especially in cases of rheumatism.
part of a woman when none exists. Pseudomembrane ( su - do - iiiein ' - briln )
Pseudodiphtheria (
su
do - dif- the'- re - ah] -
[i/)fi;(y/;f,
'false ; meiiibrana, membrane]. A
[i/;Ei'(5//f,
false diphlhena\. ; An inflamma- false membrane, such as is seen in diphtheria.
tion characterized by the presence of a false Pseudomembranous {su-do-mtiu'-braiius)
membrane not due to the Klebs-Loffler ba- \j\)tv6ii(;, false; meinbraua, membrane].
PSEUDONEUROMA PSYCHIC
Characterized by, or pertaining to false mem- cles, P. magnus and P. parvus. See Mus-
branes. P. Inflammation, any intlamma- cles, Table of . P. -abscess, an abscess, usu-
tion characterized by the formation of a false ally dependent upon tuberculous disease of
membrane. the vertebra, making its way along the sheath
Pseudoneuroma {su-do-nu-ro'-»iah')\_f\iev6i]q,
of the psoas muscle and pointing at the front
false ;
nerve ; 6/ia, tumor].
vEVfjor, false A of the thigh, below Poupart's ligament, to
neuroma. See Neuroma. the outer side of the spine of the pubis.
Pseudoparalysis (sii
-
do -par - al' - is -
is) Psodymus {sod'-ini-us) \j\>6a,
loin ; didviiog,
\_-^>evfiiiq, false; napu/a>aig, paralysis]. Par- double]. A

monster with two heads and
alysis of motion, apparently but
not really chests, and conjoined abdominal and pelvic
due to a lesion of the nervous system. P. cavities.
of Rickets, the inability to walk in severe Psora {so'-rak) [Tpdpa, from tpoeiv, to scratch].
cases of rickets, due to distortion of the Scabies.
bones. P., Syphilitic, an inflammatory Psoriasic (so-j-e-as'-i/c). See Psoriatic.
condition of the epiphyses of the bones in Psoriasis [so-ri' -as-is) [rpiopa, the itch]. A
syphilis causing a marked impairment of chronic inflammatory disease of the skin,
motion. characterized by the development of reddish
Pseudoparasite (su-do-par'-a-sit ) [i/'£iiJ//f , patches covered with whitish scales. The
false; beside ; aiToq, food].
Trn/ni, Any ob- disease affects especially the extensor sur-
ject resembling a parasite.
faces of the body. P. annularis. Synonym
Pseudopod, Pseudopodium [su'-do-pod, of F. circinata. P., Buccal, P. buccalis.
su-dopo^-de-j.cm) [i/j£w5//(;, false ; noix;, foot] .
Synonym of Letikiplakia buccalis. P. cir-
A protrusion of a portion of the substance of cinata, P. in which the central part of the
an ameboid cell. lesions has disappeared, leaving ring-shaped
Pseudoscarlatina [su-do-skar-la-te^-na/i ) patches. P. diffusa, a form in which there
[i/''ei.'(^//f,
false ; j-cc/r/c?//;/;/, scarlet fever]. A is coalescence of large contiguous lesions.
febrile disease associated with a rash like that P. guttata. See /'. punctata. P. gyrata,
of scarlet fever, occurring as a result of gon- P. with a serpentine arrangement of the
orrhea, or after puerperal infection. patches. P. punctata, a form in which the
Pseudosclerosis [sti-do-sklt'-?-o' -sis) [i/'eiirf?/f,
lesions consist of minute red papules which
false; aK'/.r/poc, hard]. An affection similar rapidly become surmounted by pearly scales.
in symptoms to multiple sclerosis of the P. universalis, a form in which the lesions
nervous system, but without the anatomic are all over the body.
lesions. Psoriatic {so-re-at'-ik) [i/'wp«, itch]. Per-.
Pseudosmia (su-doz' -me-ah) [itew5//f, false ; taining to, or affected with psoriasis.
6(1/^7, smell]. Perversion of the sense, of Psorophthalmia {so-roff-thal'-Die-aJi) \i'(dpa,
smell ;
an olfactory hallucination. itch; 6'/)W«A//of, eye]. Marginal blepharitis.
Pseudostoma [su dos'- to iiiah)
-
[i/<ei'J//f,
-
Psorosperm {so'-ro-spenn) [fupa, the itch ;
false; aroiia, mouth]. An apparent aper- arrepfia, seed]. A
unicellular organism be-
ture between endothelial cells that have been longing to the Protozoa; a coccidium.
stained with silver nitiate. Psorospermial, Psorospermic [so-ro-sperm'-
Pseudotabes [su-do-ta' -bez) [i/wAz/f, false ; e-al, so-ro-sperin' -ik) [i/'w/w>
itch ; aivEpfia,
tabes, a wasting]. A
disease simulating or seed]. Pertaining to, or affected with psoro-
resembling tabes dorsalis or tabes mesenterica. sperms.
Pseudotuberculosis [su-do-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis) Psorospermiasis (so-ro-spervi-i' -as-is) [i/'wpo,
[i/)et'(S^f,
false
tuberculosis^.
;
disease re- A itch; (T7rep//a, seed]. A
state characterized
sembling tuberculosis, but not caused by the by the presence of psorosperms.

tubercle-bacillus. Psorospermosis (so-ro-spcrm-o' -sis) [i/iupa,
Pseudotyphoid (sii-do-ti^-phoid) ['/'fi'i^W, itch; seed].
c-ipi-ia, A
diseased condition
false; typhoid^. Spurious typhoid, a disease associated with the presence of psorosperms.
simulating typhoid fever, but in which the true P., Proliferative Follicular. Synonym of
lesions of this disease as well as the typhoid Keratosis follicularis and Darier s Disease.
bacilli are absent. Psychiatric [si-ke-at'-rik) \^pv xii, ramd;
Pseudoxanthin {su- do-zaî'-tJiiii) \J\)ZV(^<;, larpeia, healing art]. Pertaining to psychi-
false ; fiiW/oc, yellow], i.
C\fi-N-0, a leu- atry.
komain isolated from fresh beef. 2. A Psychiatry {si-ki' -at-re) [i/w,V7,
mind ;
iar-
body isomeric with xanthin, obtained by pfia, healing art]. The

science and treat-
action of sulphuric acid upon uric acid. ment of the diseases of the mind.
Psilosis iysi-lo'-sis) \j\n'i»r, bare]. I. The Psychic, Psychical {si'-kik, si'-kik-al)
removal of the hair from a part depilation. ; [i/'i'V')' mind]. Pertaining to the mind. P.
2. A certain form of trojiical diarrhea. Blindness. See Word- P. blindness.
Psoas {so' -as) [i/ida, loin]. One of two mus- Deafness, See Deafness. P. Infection,
PSYCHO- PTYALAGOGUE
mental infection the development of a men-
; (popdv, to carry]. An
instrument for apply-
talcondition or disease through an influence ing cold to deeply-seated parts, as e. ^. , a
acting upon the mind. double-current catheter for applying cold to
Psycho- {si^-io-)mind]. [i/'i'/T'))
A prefi.x the posterior part of the urethra.
denoting connection with the mind. Psychrotherapy [si-kro-ther' -ap-c) [i/''',rp6f,
Psychoauditory, Psychauditory [si-ko-aw'- cold; btpa.TTi'ia, treatment]. The treatment

dit-o-re, si-kaw' -dit-o-re) {_^vxu.,
mind audire, ;
of disease by the use of cold.
to hear]. Pertaining to the psychic percep- Psydracia {si-dra'-se-ah ) \j[>'v&pa^, blister,
tion of sound. P. Area, the cortical area pimple]. An old tei"m for eczema.
concerned in the conscious perception of Ptarmic (/tf;'^-;;///f)[7rrap/^df,
a sneezing], i.
sound. Pertaining to the act of sneezing sternuta- ;
2. A substance that produces sneez-

Psychocortical [si-ko-kor'-tik-al) [i/"M';'> tory.
mind cortex, cortex].
; Pertaining to that ing.
part of the cerebral cortex concerned
in the Pterion {te'-re-on) [7rr^po^', wing]. See
conscious perception of sensations. Craiiioinetric Points.
[si- kol' [dim. of Tzrepv^,
-
Psychology o-je') \_^vx^}, mind; Pterygium (ter-ij'-e-tmi)
Myoq, science]. The
science having for its wing]. A triangular patch of mucous
object the investigation of the mind or con- membrane growing on the conjunctiva, usu-
sciousness. ally on the nasal side of the eye. The apex
Psychometry (si-korn'-et-re) [_^>vx>h niind ;
of the patch points toward the pupil, the fan-
fiETpov, measure]. The measurement of the shaped base toward the canthus.
'duration of psychic processes. Pterygoid [ter'-ig-oid) \jrTtpx%, wing; e/rJof,
Psychomotor [si-ko-tno'-tor) [^vxfj, mind ; like]. I. Wing-shaped, as the P. plateof the
movere, to move]. Pertaining to voluntary sphenoid bone. 2. Pertaining to the P. canal,
movement, as the
P. area, disposed chiefly P. plate, P. plexus, etc.
along each side of the central fissure. Pterygomaxillary (ter -ig-o- niaks'-il-a-re')
Psychoneurosis {si-ko-nu-ro'-sis) [i/'i',t'}, [-riyji'^, wing
f((ôf, like; w^.r/ZAr, maxilla].
;
mind; 7'fi'/w)r, nerve]. Mental disease not Pertaining to the pterygoid process and the
dependent on any organic lesion. maxilla. P. Fissure, an elongated fissure
Psychopathia [si-ko-fa'-t/ie-a/i). Psycho- formed by the divergence of the superior
pathy. P. Sexualis, P. characterized by maxillary bone from the pterygoid process of
perversion of the sexual functions. the sphenoid bone. P. Ligament, a liga-
Psychopathy [si-kop'-ath-e) [tpvxv, mind ; ment extending from the apex of the internal
TTdôf, disease]. Any disease of the mind. pterygoid plate to the posterior end of the in-
Psychophysical (si
- ko -
fiz' -ik
-
al') \j\>vxi],
ternal oblique line of the lower jaw.
mind; (pvaiKog, physical]. Pertaining to Pterygopalatine [ter-ig-o-pal' -at-in)\jT-fpv^ ,
psychophysics. P. Law. See L(77a, Fech- wing palatine'].

;
Situated between the
ner'' s.
pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and the
Psychophysics [si-ko-fiz'-iks) \}\>vxih mind ; palate bone, as the P. canal.
physical]. The study of mental pro-
(pvaiK6(;, Ptilosis [ti-Io'sis) [^tttHov, feather]. Loss of
cesses by physical methods ; the study of the hair, especially loss of the eye-lashes.
the relation of stimuli to the sensations which Ptisan (tiz'-ati) [;rr/CTdi';?, peeled barley]. I.
they produce, especially the determination of Barley-water. 2. A
decoction of barley used
the differences of stimulus required to pro- as a medicinal drink.
duce recognizable differences of sensation ; Ptomain (to' -ma-in')
corpse]. [irrw/za, A
experimental psychology. basic compound resemblingthe alkaloids,
Psychosensory [si - ko - sen' -
so-re) \j\>vxv, formed during the decomposition of animal
mind ; sensus, sense]. Pertaining to or con- or vegetable tissues; a putrefactive or animal
cerned in the conscious perception of sen- alkaloid. See Table.
sory impulses. Ptomainemia (to-ma-in-e' -tne-ali) [7r7w//«,
Psychosis (si-ko'-sis)mind]. A dis-
[•i/"'A''/'> corpse ; mpa, blood]. The presence of j)to-
ease of the mind, especially one without mains in the blood.
demonstrable organic lesions. Ptomatropin (to->iiat'-ro-pin)\_-TG)iia, corpse ;
Psychotherapy(.y/-/{'o-///<'r''-(7/-^) [fvxv, mind; atropin']. A

ptomain resembling the atropin
depaiTEia, treatment]. The ti-eatment of disin its physiologic and chemic properties, and
ease by mental influence, or by suggestion. found in decomposing meat, in the organs
Psychrometer [si-krom'-et-er) [i/'^M'/xif, cold; of patients dead of typhoid fever, etc.
fiETpnv,
measure]. An instrument for deter- Ptosis (to' -sis) [_n'nTTELv, to fall]. Drooping
mining the atmospheric moisture by estimat- of the upper eyelid, due to paralysis or
ing the amount of cold required to precipitate atrophy of the levator palpebree superioris.
(ti-aF-a-gog) [nrvalov, saliva
it.
Ptyalagogue ;
Psychrophore [si' -kro-for) \;i\rvxp^'^, cold ; ayuyog, leading]. A sialagogue.

PTOMAINS PTOMAINS
TABLE OF PTOMAINS.
Name.
PTYALIN PUBERTY
TABLE OF PTOMAINS.— Co«/"/«?<<f</.
Name.
PUBES PULSE
adult]. I. The period at which the genera- Pulex {pu'-leks) [L.]. The flea; an insect
tive orjâiis become capable of exercising parasitic on the skin of man and animals.
the function of reproduction, signalized P. irritans, a species common in Europe
in the boy by a change of voice and discharge and parasitic on the skin of man its bite ;
of semen, in the girl by the appearance of causes severe itching and localized swelling.
the menses. P. penetrans, the chigoe, or jigger -flea, a
Pubes [pu'-bc'z) [L.]. I. The pubic hair. species the female of which burrows under
2. The hairy region covering the os pubis. the skin of the feet to deposit its ova, [jro-
3. The OS pubis, or pubic bone that por- ; ducing a severe irritation that may proceed
tion of the OS innominatum forming the front to serious inflammation.
of the pelvis. Pullulation [pui-ula'-simn) \^pullulare, to
Pubic [pu^-bik) \_pubes, pubes]. Pertaining put forth, to bud, to sprout]. The act o!
to the |)ubes. sprouting or budding, a mode of reproductio
Pubiotomy, Pubeotomy [pn-be-ot'- o-nie) seen, e. g., in the yeast-plant.
\_pubes, pubes; tout], a cutting]. The Pulmometer {pul-moin' -e!-er) \_pulino, a
operalion of dividing the pubic bone to facili- lung; measure].
//iT/joi',
'^Qt. Spirometer.
tate delivery in cases of pelvic malforma- Pulmometry [pitl-motn'-et-re) \_pulmo, lung;

tion. See also Symphysiotoniy. fierpov, measure]. See Spirometry.
Pubofemoral (/« - bo - feni'- oral ) \_pubes, Pulmonary i^pul'-mon-a-re) \_piilmo, lung].
pubes; femur, femur]. Pertaining to the Pertaining to or affecting the lungs, as P.
pubes and the femur. arteries, P. emphysema.
Pubovesical ( /« -
bo -
ves'- ik -
al) \_pii5es, Pulmonic [pul-mon'-ik) \_piilmo, lung]. I.
pubes; vesicej, h\a.dder'\. Pertaining to the Pertaining to the lungs ; pulmonary. 2.
pubes and bladder. Pertaining to the pulmonary artery, as P.

Puccoon, Yellow. The Hydrastis canaden- valves. 3. Produced at the P. valve, as P.
sis. murmur. P. Fever, croupous pneumonia.
Pudendal [pit
-
den' -dal) \_pudere,\.o be Pulp \_pHlpa'\. I. The soft fleshy part of
ashamed]. Pertaining to the pudenda. fruit. 2. The an
soft part in the interior of
Pudendum {pu-den' -dutii) [^pudere, to be organ, as the P. of the spleen, the P. of a
ashamed]. The external genital organs, es- tooth.
pecially those of the woman, generally used Pulpefaction [pul-pe-fak'-shun) \_piilpa,
in the plural, Pudenda. Conversion into a
pulp facere, to make].
;
Pudic (pu'-dik) from pudere, to

\_pudiciis, pulpy substance.
be ashamed]. Pertaining to the pudenda, Pulpy {pit/' -pe) l_pie/pa, pulp"]. Resembling
as the P. artery. pulp characterized by the formation of a
;
Puerile {pu'-er-il) \_puer, boy]. Boyish; substance resembling pulp.

childish pertaining to childhood.
; P. Res- Pulsatile [pid'-sat-il) \_pellere, to strike].
piration, exaggerated breath-sounds with Pulsating ; throbbing.
expiration prolonged and high-pitched, such Pulsatilla {puI-sat-iF -ah) [L.]. The herb
as is heard in healthy children. of Anemone pulsatilla and of Anemone pra-
Puerpera {ptt-ur'-pe-rah) [^puer, child ; pa- tensis, of the order Ranunculace;e, contain-
rere, to bear]. A
woman who is in labor, ing a crystalline principle, anemonin, C|-M|.^-
or has recently been delivered. P. is
employed in amenorrhea, dysmenor-
Og.
Puerperal [puur'-pe-ral) \_p2ierpera\ Per- rhea, and in inflammations of mucous mem-
taining to, caused by, or following childbirth, branes. Anemonin is used in bronchitis and
as P. convulsions, P. eclampsia.
an acute, febrile disease of women
P. Fever, asthma. Dose gr. (0.022). ^
Dose of P.
in child- in powder, gr. ij-iij (0.13-0.20).
bed, due to P. Insanity,
septic infection. Pulsating {pid'-sating) \_pellere, to strike].
insanity occurring during the puerperium, Exhibiting pulsation. P. Aorta, the pul-
usually within five or ten days after delivery. sation of the abdominal aorta seen in nervou-
It may take the form of mania and anemic P.
(P. mania), persons. Empyema, ai.
melancholia (P. melancholia), or dementia accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity tliat
(P. dementia). transmits the pulsations of the heart.
Puerperium {pu-er-pe'-re-iim) [/«c-r, child ; Pulsation [pitl-sa'-skiiii] \_p/t/si7tio, from /;'/-
parere, to bear]. The state of a woman in /ere, to strike]. A
beating or throbbing. P.,
labor or of one who has just been delivered ; Suprasternal, pulsation at the suprasternal
the period from delivery to the time when the notch. It may be due to aneurysm, dilated
uterus has regained its normal size, which is aortic arch, or the presence of an anomal-
about six weeks. ous artery.
Puff-ball. See Lycoperdon. Pulse {puis') \_puhtis, the pulse]. The in-
Pugil, Pugillus {pu'-jil, pu-jil'-us) [L.]. termittent change in the shape of an artery
A handful. due to an increase in the tension of its walls
38
PULSE PULVIS
following the contraction of the heart. The lengthened systolic contraction of the heart
pulse is usually
counted at the wrist (radial —
and prolonged diastole, often used to signify
be taken over any artery that is a pulse of slow rate. P., Soft, a pulse that is
P.), but may
palpable, as the temporal, brachial, femoral, readily compressed. P., Thready, one
dorsalis pedis, etc. P., Anacrotic, one the that is scarcely perceptible, feeling like a
sphygniographic tracing of which is charac-

thread under the finger. P., Venous, a pulse
terized by notches in the ascending limb. P., observed in a vein. P., Water-hammer.
Angry. Synonym of P., Wiry. P., Cap- See Corrigan's Pulse. P., Wiry, a small,
illary, an intermittent filling and emptying rapid, tense pulse, feeling like a cord under
of the capillaries of the skin. It is common the finger. It is observed in acute
peritonitis.
in aortic regurgitation, and is seen under the Pulsimeter [pul -sim'-ct -er) [pulsus, pulse;
finger-nail or on the forehead. P., Cata- fdrpm), measure]. An instrument for deter-
crotic, one with an elevation in the line of mining the rate or force of the pulse.
descent in the sphygniographic tracing. P., Pulsus (ful^-sus) [L.]. Pulse. P. alter-
Cordy, a tense pulse. P., Corrigan's. See nans, one in which there is a regular alterna-
Corrigan' s Pulse. P.-curve, the tracing of tion of strong and weak beats. The weak
the pulse, called a sphygmogram, made by beat may be imperceptible, in which case
the sphygmograph. P., Dicrotic, one in two heart-beats correspond to only one beat
which the dicrotic wave or recoil wave is ex- of the pulse. P. bigeminus, one in which
aggerated. It is observed when the arterial the beats occur in pairs, so that a longer
tension is low, and gives to the finger the im- pause follows every two beats. P. celer, a
pression of two beats. P,, Entoptic, the quick, short pulse. P. celer et altus, a
subjective illumination of a dark visual field quick, full pulse, seen especially in aortic re-
with each heart-beat, a condition sometimes gurgitation. P. paradoxicus, P. para-
noted after violent exercise, and due to the doxus. See Pulse, Paradoxic. P. quad-
mechanic irritation of the rods by the pulsat- rigeminus, P. trigeminus, a jnilse in which
ing retinal arteries. P., Full, one in which a pause occurs after every fourth or third
the artery is filled with a large volume of beat respectively.
blood and conveys a feeling of being dis- Pultaceous ^pul-ta' -shus) [puis, pottage].
tended. P., Hard, one characterized b)' Having the consistence of pulp or pottage.
high tension. P., High Tension, one due Pulverization {^pul-ver-i-za' -shun) \_pulvis,
to increase of the peripheral resistance, to- powder]. The act of reducing a substance
gether with a corresponding increase in the to powder.
force of the ventricular systole. It is gradual Pulverulent {pul-ver' -u-lent) \_pulvis, pow-
in its impulse, long in duration, slow in sub- Resembling, or of the nature of a
der].
siding, with difficulty compressible, and the powder.
artery between the beats feels like a firm Pulvinar {puF-vin-ar) [L., couch]. The
round cord. P., Hyperdicrotic, P., Hyper- posterior portion of the optic thalamus.
dicrotous, a pulse of which the aortic notch Pulvis [L., pi. pulveres']. A powder. P.
falls below the base line, indicating very low antimonialis. See Antimony. P. aroma-
tension, a symptom of great exhaustion. P., ticus, a mixture of cinnamon, ginger, nut-
Infrequent, one the rhythm of vi'hich is meg, and cardamon seeds used as a carmina-
;
slower than normal /. e. in which the heart-

; , tive. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0). P. cretae
beats are fewer in a given time than nor- compositus, consists of
prepared chalk,
mal. P., Intermittent, one in which one powdered acacia and sugar, and is used as a
or more beats are dropped. P., Irregular, mild astringent. Dose, gr. x-^j (0.65-4.0).
one in which the beats occur at irregular P. effervescens compositus, Seidlitz pow-
intervals, or in which the force, or both der, a preparation consisting of two pow-
rhythm and force, vary. P., Jerky, a pulse ders :the white paper contains 35 grains of
in which the artery is suddenly and tartaric acid, the blue paper, 40 grains of
markedly
distended, as in aortic regurgitation. P., sodium bicarbonate and 2 drams of Rochelle
Jugular, pulsation of the jugular veins in the salt. P. glycyrrhizae compositus, con-
neck. It is due to tricuspid regurgitation. sists of senna, licorice, fennel, washed sul-
P., Locomotive. Synonym of Corrigaii' s phur, sugar it is used as a laxative.
; Dose,
Pulse. P., LowTension, one sud- gss-ij (2.0-8.0). P. ipecacuanhae et opii.
den in its onset, short, and quickly de- See Dover'' s Powder. P. jalapae composi-
clining. It is easily obliterated by tus, consists of jalap, 35 parts cream of
pressure. ;
P., Paradoxic, one that is weaker during tartar, 65 parts ; it is used as a hydragogue
inspiration, a condition sometimes observed cathartic. Dose .^ ss-j (2.0-4.0). P. rhei
in adherent P., Quick, one
pericardium. compositus, consists of rhubarb, magnesia,
that strikes the finger rapidly, but leaves it and ginger it is used as a mild laxative.
;
also rapidly. P., Slow, one indicating a Dose 3ss-j (2.0-4.0).

PUMP PURULENT
Pump. An ap[)aratiis either drawing up a pupil aicoTr-fiv, to inspect].
; Examination of
liquid into its hollow chamber, or, after the pupil skiascopy.
;
sucking up the liquid, forcibly ejecting it Purgation {pnr-ga'-sliuri) [piirgare, to

from one end. P., Air-, one used to cleanse]. The act of purging.
exhaust the air from a chamber or to force Purgative [ pur' -ga-tiv)[_puigare,
to purge].
more air into a chamber already filled with 1. Producing purgation. 2. A drug pro-
air. P., Breast-, a pump for removing ducing copious evacuations of the bowel.
milk from the breast. P., Stomach-, one Purging Nut. The seed of Curcas purgans,
for removing the contents of the stomach in having cathartic properties.
cases of poisoning. Purge(////y )[///ro«/6',topurge]. I. Tocause
Pumpkin-seed. The
seed of Cucurbita free evacuation of thebowel. 2. A drug that
pepo of the order Cucurbitacea: (Pepo of causes free evacuation of the bowel.
the U. S. P.). The seed is used against Puriform {pn' -re-form) \_pus, pus; forma,
tapeworm. Dose îv (128.0). form]. Resembling pus.
'
Puncta ( /'/i///i'-/i7/i)\^p\.
o{ pitnctum. a point]. Purkinje {poor'-kin-ye) [I. E. Purkinje, a
See Puiniu/ii. P. dolorosa, tenderer jiain- Bohemian physiologist, 1787-1869]. P.'s
ful points at the exit or in the course of Cells, large ganglion-cells of the cerebellar
nerves the seat of neuralgia also called Val- ; cortex, disposed as a single row at the
lei.x's points. P. lacrimalia, the orifices of junction of the nuclear and the molecular
the lacrimal canaliculi in the eyelids near layer,and presenting pyriform or flask-shaped
the inner canthus. P. vasculosa, minute bodies, 60—70 fi in their longest diameter.
red spots studding the cut surface of the P.'s Figures, shadows of the retinal blood-
white central mass of the brain. They are vessels upon the retina. P.'s Vesicle, the
produced by the blood escaping from divided nucleus of the human ovum the germinal ;
blood-vessels. vesicle.
Punctate, Punctated [pnnk'-tdt, pnuk'-ta- Purkinje-Sanson's Images. Three pairs of
/f(/) \_piiiiifion, point]. Dotted; full of images of one object seen an observed in
minute punctures. pupil the first, erect, reflected from the
:
Punctum {punk' -tHill) [L.]. A point. P. anterior surface of the cornea the second, ;
caecum, '^^q Blind Spot. P. proximum, erect, reflected from the anterior surface of
See Near Point. P. remotum. See Far the lens the third, inverted, reflected from
;
Point. the posterior capsule of the lens.

Puncture [p:ink'-c/i7lr) \_piingere, to prick]. Purple, Visual. See Rhodopsin.
A hole made by a pointed instrument. P., Purpura [pur'-pnr-a/t) [L.]. A disease
Lumbar, puncture of the spinal canal for characterized by hemorrhages into the skin,
the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid in hy- taking the form of petechia, macula;, or
drocephalus, first suggested by Quincke. large patches. It may occur as an indepen-
Punctured {punk' -turd) \_pi'ngcre, to prick]. dent affection, or be symptomatic of other dis-
Produced Ijy a prick, as P. wound. eases. P. fulminans, a grave form of P.,
Pungent [pun'-jent) \_piingere, to prick]. developing in young children as a sequel to
Acrid ; penetrating ;
producing a pricking or acute infectious diseases. It is of short dura-
painful sensation. tion, is marked by extensive extravasations,
Pupil {pu'-pil') {_pitpina, a little girl; the grave constitutional symptoms, and usually
name is believed to be derived from the ends fatally. P. haemorrhagica, morbus
small images seen in the pupil]. The aper- maculosus Werlhofii land-scurvy.
;
See
ture in the iris of the eye for the passage of Werlhof s Disease, utider Diseases, Table of.
light. P., Argyll Robertson, a myotic Purpuric [pur-ptt'-rik) [purpura, purple].
pupil that responds on accommodative effort, Pertaining to or resembling purpura.
but not to light, —
a condition seen in locomotor Purpurin i^pur'-pii-rin) \_piirpura, purple],
Artificial, an aperture made I. A dye
ataxia. P., Cj^HjÔj. present with alizarin in
by iridectomy when the normal pupil is the madder-root, but also prepared artificially.
occluded. 2. Uroerythrin, a red coloring matter some-
Pupillary {pu'-pil-a-re) \_piipir\. Pertain- times present in urinary deposits.

ing to the pupil. P. Membrane, a mem- Purring Thrill. A fine trembling vibration
brane covering the eye of the fetus until the like the purring of a cat, perceived by palpa-
seventh month of gestation. P. Membrane, tion over the precordium. It may be due to
Persistent. See Membrane. P. Reflex. aneurysm, or to valvular heart-lesion, espe-
See Refle.xes, Table of. cially mitral stenosis.
Pupillometer (^pu-pil-om'-et-er) [pupiHa, Purulence {pii'-ru-lens') S^pi's, pus]. The
pupil; fierpov, a measure]. An instrument state of being purulent.
for measuring the pupil of the eye. Purulent [fn' -nt-loit) S^pns, [nis]. Having
Pupilloscopy {pu-pil-os'-ko-pe) \_pnpiila, the character of or containing pus; character-
PURULOID PYLEPHLEBITIS
ized by the formation of pus. P. Catarrh, ten characterized by putrefaction.
; P.
an inriammation of a mucous membrane ac- Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever.
by the production of pus. P. Putrilage {pu'-tril- aj) \_putris, rotten].
companied
Edema, a general infiltration of pus together Putrescent material.
with much fluid. Pyaemia [pi-e'-iiie-ah). See Pyemia.
Puruloid [pii'-ru-loid) \_piis, pus; i\6oq, Pyarthrosis [ttwi', pus;
i^pi-ar-thro'-sis)
like]. Resemljling pus puriform. ; apOiwv, joint]. Suppuration of a joint.
Pus [L.]. A liquid substance consisting of Pyelitis {pi-el-i'-tis) [ KvtAng, a trough tri^, ;
cellsand an albuminous fluid (liquor puris), inflammation]. Inflammation of the pelvis

formed in certain kinds of inflammation. of the kidney. It may be due to the irrita-
P., Blue, pus colored blue by the bacillus tion of calculi, to tuberculosis, or to acu'e
pyocyaneus. P. -corpuscles, the corpuscles specific fevers, but most commonly is sec-
found in pus. P., Curdy, pus containing ondary of the bladder.
to diseases It is
cheesy-looking flakes. P., Ichorous, pus marked by pain and tenderness in the lumbar
that is thin and acrid. P., Laudable, a region, by a remittent fever, and by the pres-
whitish, inodorous pus, formerly thought to ence in the urine of albumin, mucus, epithe-
be essential to the healing of wounds. P., lialcells from the pelvis of the kidney, pus-
Sanious, pus mixed with blood. P. -tube. corpuscles in large amount, and frequently
See Pyosalpinx. blood. The urine is generally acid. P.,
Pustuia maligna. Anthrax. Calculous, that due to calculi.
Pustulant {pHs'-tii-lanf) [/«.r/«/(7, a pustule]. Pyelonephritis {pi-e/-o-nefri^-tis) [Trif/of,
I. Causing the formation of pustules. 2. An trough; I'Kppoc;, kidney; iTir, inflammation].
irritant substance giving rise to the formation Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis.
of pustules. Pyelonephrosis { pi-el-o-nefro' -sis). Syn-
Pustular {pus'-tii-lar) pustule].
\_pustztla, onym cif Pyelonephritis.
Characterized by the presence of pustules. Pyemia [nvnv, pus
{pi-e^-t?ie-ah) aifia, ;
Pustulation [pus-tiila'-shuti) [/wj/// A?, pus- blood]. A

disease due to the presence of
tule]. The formation of pustules. pyogenic microorganisms in the blood and
Pustule iypus'-till) \_piisttila, pustule].
A the formation, wherever these organisms
small circumscribed elevation of the skin con- lodge, of embolic or metastatic abscesses.
taining pus. P., Malignant, anthrax. The symptoms are intermittent or remittent
Pustulocrustaceous ( pus - iu - lo - krits - ia'- fever, associated with sweats and chills, rapid
s/ins) \_piistiila, pustule; criista, crust]. emaciation, slight jaundice, abscesses in dif-
Characterized by the formation of pustules ferent parts of the body, and often a purpuric
and crust.s. eruption. The disease is generally fatal.
Putamen {
pit-ta' -meii) \^pittamen, husk], i. P., Arterial, a name given to pyemia pro-
The stone of a drupe, or shell of a nut. 2. duced by disorganization of a cardiac throm-
The outer darker part of the lenticular nu- bus and the dissemination of emboli through
cleus of the brain. the arterial circulation.
Putrefaction {pit-t7-e-fak' -sJuiti) \_piitridits, Pyemic [piem'-ik, pi-e'-r/iih) [ttvov, pus ;
putrid; facere, to make]. The decompo- aifxa, blood]. Pertaining to or affected with
sition of nitrogenous organic matter under pyemia.
the influence of microorganisms, accompan- Pygodidymus ( // go did'
- - - im -
ns) [^nvyrj,
ied by the development of disagreeable buttock; rf/fJii/zof, twins]. A double monster
odors, due to the evolution of ammonia, united by the buttocks.
hydrogen sulphid, and other gases, and the Pygomelus (pi-goni'-cl-ns) \_nvyt/,
buttock ;
production of aromatic bodies. In addition, fii'/nr, member]. A monster with a

])arasite
many other compounds are formed, among attached to the hypogastric region or to the
which ptomains are the most important. The buttock.
end-products are water, nitrogen, methane, Pygopagus ( pi-gop' -ag-ns) \rcvyi], buttock ;
and carbon dioxid. 7ra}of, joined]. A monster with conjoined

Putrefactive {pii - fre -fak'-th') [piifridus, lûttocks or
backs.
putrid; facere, \.o make]. Pertaining to or Pyin {pi'-in)[ttvov, pus].
An albuminous
causing putrefaction. substance of complex constitution occurring
Putrescent ( pii-tres' -eni) [puirescere, to liein pus. It may be separated by adding
come rotten]. Undergoing putrefaction. sodium chlorid and filtering.
Putrescin [pu-tres'-iu) \^piitrescere, to be- Pylephlebitis [tt/'/-?/, gate;
{pi-le-fleb-i'-tis)
come rotten], C^ II j.^N.^. A poisonous pto- vein
(/)/lî/j, ir/f, inflammation].
;
Inflamma-
main, a clear, rather thin liquid, of a disa- tion of the portal vein. The condition is
greeable odor, boiling at I56°-I57°C. See usually secondary to disease of the intestines,
Ptomains, Table of. is generally suppurative in character, and
Putrid {pit'-irid) \_putridus, rotten]. Rot- gives rise to the symptoms of pyemia.
PYLETHROMBOSIS PYRETOGENIN
Pylethrombosis (^pi-le-throm-bo' -sis) [rr/'/l;/, Pyopneumothorax ( //- o-nu-mo- tho'- raks)
gate; tiîou^-ôq, clot]. Thrombosis of the [-['01', pus; Tiveiifia, air; Oupn^, thorax].
portal vein. An accumulation of air or gas and pus in the
Pylorectomy {pi-lo-rek'-to-nie) \jxvkup6c, a pleural cavity.
gate-keeper ;
iiKToiiy, excision J. E.xcision Pyorrhea {pi-or-e^-a/i) [_~vov, pus ; poia, a
of the pylorus. How]. A purulent discharge.
Pyloric (pi-lo'-rik) [mi/l6)/5(5r, agate-keeper]. Pyosalpinx {pi-o-sal' -pinks) {ttvov, pus;
Pertaining to the pylorus. P. Glands, tube].
ad'kTciyE., An accumulation of pus in
glands situated in the region of the pylorus the Fallopian tube.
and secreting the gastric juice. Pyothorax i^pi-o-tho' -raks)\_-vQv , pus Oupa^.
;
Pylorus [pi-lo'-nis) [wv'Aupog, gate-keeper]. thorax]. An accumulation of pus in the

I. The circular opening of the stomach into pleural cavity ; emj^yema.
the duodenum. 2. The fold of mucous mem- Pyoxanthin, Pyoxanthose, {pi-o-zan' -thin,
brane and muscular tissue surrounding the pi-o-zan'-thos)[ttDoi', pus S.avd6q, yellow]. ;
aperture between the stomach and the duo- A yellow substance sometimes found in pus,
denum. and resulting from the oxidation of pyo-
Pyo- [pi'-o) \_t:vov, pus]. A prefix denoting cyanin.
pertaining to pus. Pyramid {pir' -am-id) [Trypft/i/r].
A solid
Pyocolpos (^pi-o-kol'-pos') \_-mv, pus; k67.- having a polygonal and
base triangular
i""?.vagina]. An accumulation of pus within planes for its sides, which meet at a point
the vagina. called the apex or vertex. P., Anterior, one
Pyoctanin [pi-ok' -tan-in). See Pyoklanin. of the two pyramidal bundles of white mat-
Pyocyanin (^pi-o-si'-an-in) [Trt'ov, pus /cya- ;
ter on either side of the anterior median
voq, blue], C,^H,jN02. A
colored substance fissure of the medulla. P. of the Cere-
derived from blue pus, and from cultures of bellum, a conic projection forming the cen-
the bacillus pyocyaneus. tral portion of the inferior vermiform pro-
Pyocyte {pi'-o sir) [-I'oi', pus ; AtTor, cell]. cess. P. of Ferrein, one of the prolongations
A pus-corpuscle. of the Malpighian pyramid into the cortex
Pyogenic of the kidney it is also known as medul-
{pi-o-jen'-ik) [tT'oc, pus y^vvhv, ; ;
to beget]. Producing pus. P. Membrane, lary ray. Malpighian, one of the conic
P.,
the thin, yellow layer of tissue forming the masses composing the medullary substance
wall of an abscess P. Microorganisms, of the kidney. P., Posterior, one of the
the microorganisms producing pus. The ordi- two narrow bundles of white matter placed
nary P. microorganisms are the staphylococci on either side of the posterior median fissure
and the streptococci. Under certain circum- of the medulla oblongata. They are con-
stances pus may be produced by the pneu- tinuous with the posterior median columns of
mococcus of Frankel, the bacillus coli com- the spinal cord.
munis, the bacillus of typhoid fever, the Pyramidal i^pc-rani'-id-al) \jivpauiq, pyra-
gonococcus, and others. mid]. Shaped like a pyramid, P. Tracts,
Pyohaemia {^pi-o-he' -me-ah). See Pyemia. See Tracts.
Pyoid {pi'-oid) \_'nvov, pus; eWof, like]. Pyramidalis {pc-rain-id-a'-lis). Pyramidal,
Resembling pus. as P, muscle. See Muscles, Table of.
Pyoktanin [pi-ok^ -tan-in) [Trf'or, pus kteI- ; Pyrethrum {pi-7-c'-thriiiu). Pellitory the ;
I'f/r, A name given to methyl-violet

to kill]. root of Anacyclus pyrethrum, a plant of
and methyl-ljlue on account of their germi- the order Compositas. P. is used as a siala-
cidal properties. P. has been used in diph- gogue and masticatory in headache, tooth-
theria, cystitis, gonorrhea, ulcers, and inflam- ache, and neuralgic affections of the face.
mations of the conjunctiva, and as an injec- It is employed either in powder or in the form
tion in carcinoma. of the tincture, Tinctura pyrethri (U. S. P.).
Pyometra [pi-o-me^ -frah)\_nvov, pus iiijTfm, ; Pyretic {pi-ret' -ik) [Tn'ptrdc, fever]. Per-
womb]. A collection of pus in the uterus. taining to or affected with fever.
Pyonephrosis [pi-o-nef-ro' -sis) [nvov, pus ; Pyretin {pi' -re -tin) [77-i'/«t of, fever], A
VE(pp6g,kidney]. An accumulation of pus in name given to various empyreumatic sub-
the pelvis of the kidney. stances found in pitch,
Pyopericarditis {pi-o-per-e-kar-di' -tis)\_~vo\' , Pyretogenic, Pyretogenous {pi-ret-oj-en'-
pus; ]iericarditis]. Suppurative pericarditis. ik, pi-rct-o/'-en-ns)[_-vpt;Tu<;, fever; }'fi'i'(n', to
'
Pyophthalmia {pi-off-fhal -me-ah) \jvvov, produce]. Causing or producing fever.
]>us; oi/)flo/';.//or, eye]. Purulent ophthalmia. Pyretogenin (// - ret -
oj'
- en -
in) [Tri'pf rof ,
Pyophylactic {pi-o-fil-ak'-tik) [-t'o?', ]kis ; fever ; rei'vdv,produce]. A substance
to
(t)v7Mrsativ, to guard]. Protecting against formed by microorganisms, and saitl to have
pus. P. Membrane, the pyogenic mem the jiroperty of producing fever when 'nocu-
brane. lated into animals.
PYRETOLOGY QUADRATE
fever Pyrogenic [pi-ro-Jen^-ik) \ttvp, fire yewav,
Pyretology {pi-ret-ol'-o-je) [7rvper(5f, ; ;
/iO}oc, treatise].
The science on the nature to produce] .
Producing fever.
of fevers. Pyroligneous {pi-ro-iig'-ne-us) \_TTvp, fire ;
'
Pyrexia (//- rcks -
\_-vpniq, fever].
e-ali) ligiiuiii, wood]. Pertaining to the destruc-
Elevation of temperature above the normal ;
tive distillation of wood. P. Acid, wood-
fever. vinegar. See Acid, Pyroligneous.
(// ro via'- ne ah) \j:vp,
- - -
Per- Pyromania fire
Pyrexial {pi-reks'-e-al)[TTvpeîg, fever]. ;
taining to pyrexia. pavia, madness]. A monomania for incen-
Pyridin {fi' -rid-in) [ttvp, fire], QH^N. A diarism.

as a distillation-product
liquid base obtained Pyrometer [pi-rotn'-et-er) [rrvp, fire ; perpov,
from tobacco, coal-tar, and other organic measure]. An instrument for measuring the
matter, and forming the first of a long and intensity of heat of too high a degree to be
important series of homologous bases.
P. estimated by the ordinary thermometer.
has been used in asthma by inhalation. P. Pyrophosphoric Acid ^pi-ro-fos-for'-ik).
Tricarboxylic Acid, C-H2(C02H)3N, is an- See Acids, Table of.
tiseptic,antipyretic, antiperiodic, and anti- Pyrosis (//-n/ -5/.f) [rrip, fire]. An affection
spasmodic. It has been used in malaria, of the stomach characterized by a burning
asthma, and typhoid fever. Dose gr. ij-x sensation, accompanied by eructations of an
(0.13-0.65). acrid, irritating fluid ;
heartburn.
Y'yiiiorm[pir'-e-forni) [pyrus, pear for?na, ; Pyrosoma bigemina i^pi-ro-so-mah bi-jem'-
a form]. Pear-shaped. in-ah) \^pyriis, pear; ccjpa, body]. The
Pyriformis [pir-e-for'-mis). Pyrifonn, as P. parasite supposed to cause Texas fever in
muscle. See Aluscles, Table of. cattle.
Pyro- pi'-ro-) \j^vp , fire]

(
. A prefix signifying Pyrotoxina bacterica (// - ro -
toks'- in - ah
fire or heat. bak-ter'-ik-ah) toîkov, poison].
[^ri'p, fire;
Pjrroarsenic Acid (pi-ro-ar-sen'-ik) [jrvp, A pyrogenic substance believed to be pro-
fire arstnii cum, arsemc], HÂsjO,. A tetra-
;
duced by many forms of bacteria.
basic acid produced when arsenic is heated Pyroxylin (//-ro/('5'-//-?«) [Tri-p, fire ^v/ov, ;
to 180° C. wood]. Gun-cotton cotton- fiber treated with

;
Pyroboric Acid [pi-ro-bo'-7-ik) [-Sp, fire ;

a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids, by
boron'], HjBÔg. A dibasic acid produced which the cellulose is changed into various
by heating boric acid. nitrocompounds. Soluble gun-cotton, Py-
Pyrocatechin {pi-ro-kaf -e-chin) \j^vp, fire ; roxylinum of the U. S. P., is used in the
catechii]. CgHgO^
=
CgH^(OH)j. Catechol ; preparation of collodiom. The explosive
a crystalline substance formed by the dry gun-cotton is the hexanitrate of cellulose.
distillation of catechu and sometimes occur- Pyrrol {pir'-ol) \j^vp, fire; oleum, oil],
ring in the urine. It has been used as an
C\H^(NH). A
liquid base obtained in the
antipyretic. Dose gr. j-ij (0.065-0.13). distillation of Dippel's oil and other organic
Pyrodin {pi-ro' -diii) {jrvp, fire], CgH^.C^Hg- substances. P. tetriodid. See lodol.
O.N2H.^. Hydracetin, acetyl-phenyl-hy- Pythogenic {pi-tho-jen'-ik) \tz'vQiiv, to rot ;
drazin a crystalline, poisonous substance,

; yzvvav, to produce]. Producing or arising
used as a substitute for chrysarobin in psori- from decomposition. P. Fever. Synonym
asis, and in other cutaneous afi'ections also ;
of Typhoid Fever.
as an antipyretic. Dose gr. )^-iij Pyuria tirina, urine].
(0.03-0.2). {pi-u'-re-ah') \jtvov, jius ;
Pyrogallic Acid [pi-ro-gal'-ik). See Acid. The passage of urine containing pus.
Q. S. Abbreviation of quantum sufficit

—as rangnlum a four-cornered figure]. Having
,
much as suffices. four angles, as the Q. lobe of the cerebellum.

Quack [kzuak ). One who practices quack- Quadrant {kivod' -7-ant)\_qicadratiis, squared].
a pretender of medical skill a vender I. The fourth
ery part of a circle, subtending an
;
;
of nostrums; a medical charlatan. s. One of the four

angle of 90 degrees,
Quackery (kwak'-er-e). The practice of regions into which the abdomen may be di-
medicine by a quack. vided for purposes of physical diagnosis.
Quadrangular {kwod-rang' -gu-lar) \_quad- Quadrate {kwod' -rat) \_quadratus, square].
QUADRATUS QUERCIN
Square ;
four-sided. Q. Lobule. See Pre- Quart (k7aorl) \_quarlus, fourth]. The fourth
cuneus. part of a gallon.
I.
Quadratus {kwod-ra'-tiis) [L. ]. Squared; Quartan (kwor'-tan)
[quarhis, fourth].
See Mus- Recurring on the 2. A form of
having four sides. Q. Muscle. day. ft)urth
cles, I'able of. intermittent fever, the paroxysms of wliich
Quadri- {Irwod' -re-) [I-]- A prefix denoting occur every fourth day. Q., Double, a
four, or four times. variety characterized by milder and severer
Quadribasic i^ktvod-re-ba' -sili) \(juadri,
four ; jiaroxysms, each occurring every fourth day.
basis, base]. In chemistry, applied to an Quarter-evil {kivor'-ter-e-vil). An infec-
acid having four replaceable hytlrogen-atoms. tious disease of cattle prevalent during the
Quadriceps [kwotf-n'-sfps) \_quadri, four ;

summer months, and characterized by the
Four-headed, as a muscle. appearance of irregular em|)hysematous
head].
(•.7////, (^.
See Muscles, Table of. swellings of the subcutaneous tissue and mus-
Quadrigeminal {^liiuod-re-jeni'-in-al) \_quad- cles, especially over the quarters, hence the
ri;êminus, fourfold]. Fourfold; consisting name. It is also called symptomatic anthrax,
of tour parts, as the Q. bodies. See Corpora or black-leg.
(juadrii^riniua. Quartipara [kru'or-tip^-ar-a/i) \_quartus,
Quadriurate [quadri, four
\Jtwod-re-u' -rat ) ; fourth; parere, to bring forth]. A woman
iii-ale'\.
A term applied to the hyperacid in her fourth pregnancy. See Multipara.
- ar -
urate of human urine, and the urine of birds Quartiparous (Jiwor
-
tip' us) [quartus,
and rejitiles. The quadriurates have the fourth ; parere, to bring forth]. Pregnant
general formula of Mll(C5lI.,N/)3).H.^C5H.^- four times.
Quassation {k^vas
-
a' -
s/iun) a
\_qiiassatio,
Quadrivalent [kiaod
-
ent) [quadri, riv' -
at -
shaking or shattering]. The reduction of
four; valere, io be worth]. In chemistry, barks, roots, and other drugs to morsels, in
having a combining power equivalent to that preparation for further pharmaceutic treat-
of four hydrogen-atoms. ment ;
cassation.
a negro
Quadruplet [kwod-ru'-plel ) [quadruplarr, to Quassia [kivosh'-e-ah [after Quassi, )
make fourfold]. Any one of four children slave who lirst used it]. The wood of sev-
born at one birth. eral trees of the order Simarubeî;. Q. of the
Quaker-button. A popular name for nux U. S. P. and B. P. is the wood of Picrsna

vomica. excelsa, and contains the bitter principle,
Qualitative (/C-7i'(?/^-c-/(z-//7') [(///r?///(?.f, quality]. quassin, C^.J^jÔj^. Q. is a simple bitter,
I'ertaining to quality. Q. Analysis. See and used in dyspepsia and constipation
is ;
Analysis. in the form of an enema it is employed

Quantitative [kjvoit^-lit-a-fiv) \_quauhis, how against seat- worms. Preparations: Extrac-
much]. Pertaining to quantity. Q. An- tuin quassia (U. S. P., B. P.), dose gr.
alysis. See Analysis. j-iij (0.065-0.2). Extractum quassire

fluidum
Quantivalence {kuwn-tiv' -al-ens') [qi/anlus, (U. S. P.), dose f.^ss-j (2.0-4.0). Infu-
how much ; valere, to be worth]. The com- sum quassiie (B. P.), dose f 3 ij (64.0).
bining power of an element or radicle ex- Tinctura quassise (U. S. P.) dose, f^j (4.0).
pressed in terms of the number of atoms of Quassin, dose gr. -^^ (0.006).
hydrogen with which it will unite. Univa- Quassin {k'loos' -i7t) See Quassia. .
lent or monad atoms, as chlorin, are saturated Quaternary [Ircva-ter' -na-re) [qitatej-ni, four
with one atom. Bivalent or dyad atoms re- each]. I. Consisting of four elements. 2.
quire two trivalent or triad, as boron, take

;
Fourth in order.
three; quadrivalent or tetrad, quinquivalent Quebrachin [ke-brah'-kiii). See Qiwhracho.
or pentad, sexvalent or hexad, require two, Quebracho [ke-brah-ko) [from Pg. quebrah-
three, four, five, and six atoms of hydrogen ac/io, ax-breaker]. The Aspidosperma que-
bracho-bianco, of the order Apocynacea;.
respectively.
Quarantine [ktuor'-an-fen'] [It., quaraula, It contains the following alkaloids Aspido- :
—
forty]. The
time (formerly forty days) dur- spermin, C.^.)lI;ioN./),_, aspidospermatin, C.,.^-
;
ing which vessels or travellers from ports in- lI^fjNjO,^ ; aspidosamin, C.,2 ; quebrachin,
fected with contagious or epidemic diseases and quebrachamin. Q. is used
CjjHj^^N.Ôj,
are required by law to remain outside tlie in emphysema, bronchitis, and in asthma.
port of their destination, as a safeguard against Extractum adispermatis lluidum (U. S. P.),
the spreading of such diseases. 2. Also, tiie dose rtLxv-f_:;j (1.0-4.0). Dose of aspido-
place of detention. 3. The act of detaining spermin gr. 54^-^2 (0.016-0.032).
vessels or travellers from suspected ports or Queen-root. .See Slillingia.
places for purposes of inspection or disinfec- Quercin {kwcr'-siit) [quercus, oak], C,,Hg-
tion. Q., Land-, the isolation of a person or (( )II)„. A bitter crystallizable
carbohydrate
district on land for similar purposes. extracted from acorns and oak-bark.
QUERCITANNIC ACID QUINOTANNIC ACID
bral congestion and lessening of the reflexes;
Querciiannic Acid {kwer-se-tan'-ik) \_qiier-
tits, oak tannin, tannin], C^HjgOg.
;
A it is a slight respiratory stimulant and a de-
variety of tannic acid found

in oak-bark. ])ressant to the circulation it lessens
;
the
ameboid movement of the white corpuscles,
Quercite {kwer'-s'it) \_quercus, oak], CgHj-
(OH)^. A sweet principle found in acorns. and during fever is strongly antipyretic it ;
oak also possesses antiseptic properties. In large

Quercitrin {k-wei-^-sit-rin) \_,/2ierc-us, ;
citrus, lemon] ,
A glucosid found
CjgH^gO.^p.
doses it causes ringing in the ears, a feeling
bark of Quercus tinctoria.
in tlia of fullness in the head, dizziness, slight deaf-
Quercus [kwer'-kus) [L.]. The oak. See ness, and at times disturbances of vision ; oc-
Oak. casionally also a rise of temperature (Q.-
Quicklime [AS., cTwV, alive ; lime]. Calcic fever). Q. is used as an antiperiodic in
oxid. malaria, in which disease it has a specific
Quicksilver [AS., nuic, alive ; silver'].
action it is also
; employed as an antipyretic
in other febrile affections, as a tonic in con-
Mercury.
Quickening {kiuik^- en -
ing) [AS., cwic, valescence, as a stimulant to the uterus dur-
alive]. The first on the part of the
feeling ing parturition, in whooping-cough, coryza,
pregnant woman movements, occur-
of fetal and in hay-fever. Doses of Q. sulphate
ring between the fourth and fifth month of (Quinina; sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), the
pregnancy. salt most commonly employed in malaria —
Quill-suture. See Suture. gr. v-xxiv (0.32-1.6) before the parox-
Quillaja (Jnvil-a'-yah) [Chilean, qiiillean, to ysms; and 13-0.26) as a prophy-
gr. ij-iv (o.
wash]. A genus of trees of the order lactic ;
as a tonic gr.
j-ij (0.065-0.13); in
Rosacere. The bark of Q. saponaria (Quillaja, whooping-cough, gr. iss (o. 10) for each year
U. S. P.), soap-bark, contains saponin, and of the child's age, or locally in solution of
produces a froth when agitated in water. Q. is gr. i-ij (0.065-0.13) to the ounce (32.0) by
used in pulmonary affections and as a sternu- the atomizer. Other salts, given in about
tatory, and in the arts as a substitute for soap. the same doses as the sulphate are: Q. bi-
Tinctura quillajce (LT. S. P.), dose f^j (4.0). sulphate (Quininse bisulphas, U. S. I'.) ;
Quince (quins). See Cydonium. Q. hydrobromate ((luininie hydrobromas,

Quincke's Capillary Pulse. See Pulse, U. S. P.); Q. hydrochlorate (Quininae
Capillary. hydrochloras, U. S. P. ) Quinin and urea
;
Quincke's Operation. See Puncture, Lum- hydrochlorate, employed for hypodermic

bar. use cliiefly. Q. sulphovinate has been
[kwin' -id in') [Peruvian, kina, used hypodermically Q. tannate has een
-
Quinidin ;
1
bark], CjgHo^NoO.,. An alkaloid of cin- employed in whooping-cough Q. valerian- ;
chona-bark isomeric with quinin, which it re- ate is used in doses of gr.
j-ij (0.065-0.13)
sembles in action, differing only in being less in nervous debility and hemicrania. From
powerful. Q. sulphate ((luinidinre sulphas Q. are prepared Ferri et quininee citras and
U. S. P.) is used as an antiperiodic, in doses Ferri et quininre citras solubilis. See ler-
of gr. xx-lx (1.3-4.0). ruin. From Q. sulphate, Syrupus ferri, qui-
Quinic (kwin'-ik) [Peruvian, kina, bark]. nines et strychninar phosphatum is prepared.
Pertaining to quinin. Q. Acid, CjHjjOg, Quininism, Quinism [kwiti'-in-izni, Irwin' -
an acid occurring in cinchona-bark, in the izm) [Peruvian, kina, bark]. Cinchonism.
ivy, oak, elm, ash, coffee-plant, etc. Quinoidin [kwin-oi'-din). See Chinoidi-
Quinin (k7vi'-7iin and kwin-en' are common nu)n. Q., Animal-, a basic substance ob-
pronunciations, but as the Fr. qu is merely tained from animal tissues and having the
co]iied from the Sp. qu (which had a k sound) property of fluorescence like quinin.
arid as, moreover, the Peruvian word, from
Quinolin ( kwin'-o-lin ) [ quinin ] C;,II-N. ,
which our word was originally derived, had A liquid alkaloid obtained in the destructive
a y^ sound
(without the u element), it follows distillation of quinin, or cinchonin, with
from an etymologic standpoint,
that, at least, potassium hydroxid. It is antipyretic and anti-
our pronunciation should be kin-en')
[Peru- septic. Q. hydrochlorate, Q. salicylate,
vian, kina, bark], Cjgllj^N.Pj-SH.p. A and Q. tartrate, have been used. Dose of
bitter amorphous or ciystalline alkaloid ob- the last gr. xv (l.o).
(kivin'-on) [quinin], C^HÔ.^. A
tained from the bark of various
species of cin- Quinone
chona. It is soluble in 900
parts of water, yellow crystalline substance obtained by heat-
readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and in ing quinic acid with manganese dioxid and
chloroform, and gives a beautiful emerald- sulphuric acid. It is the lowest member of a
green color when it or its salts are treated series of bodies known as quinones.
with a solution of chlorin and then with
Quinotannic Acid {kjuin-o-tan'-ik) [quinin ;
ammonia. Q. acts as a stimulant to the A form of tannic acid found in

tannin].
nervous .system, causing in large doses cere- cinchona- bark.
QUINOVIN RACHITIS
Quinovin {kwin' [Peruvian, h'na,
o-vi'ii) Quintuplet {kwin-tu' -plet ) [quiniuplex, five-
bark], CjgHg.Ô,,. Kinovin, a bitter glucosid fold]. One of five children born at one time.
found in cinchona-bark. Quitch-grass {kwiUk'-gras). See Trilicum
Quinquivalent (kivin-k7tnv'-al-e)it) \î]tiiii-
repens.
qtic, five; valcre, to be worth]. Having a Quiz (kwiz) \_(/uc€s^-e, to ask (?) ].
A reci-
valence of capable of combining with
five ; tation, conducted by questions and answers,
five atoms of hydrogen or their equivalent. in which the student familiarizes himself with
Quinsy {Jiivin'ze)[kicj!', dog ayxî-v, to
; his studies.
choke]. Acute inflammation of the tonsils, Quizzer {kwiz'-er) \_quirsfre, to ask ( ?) ].
usually tending to suppuration. One who conducts a quiz.
Quintan (
kwin' -tan) [^(jiiiii/us, fifth]. An Quotidian {^kwot-id'-e-a)i) S^qiiot, as many as ;
intermittent fever, the paroxysms of which (//«,day]. I. Recurring

every day. 2. An
recur every four days, i. e., on the 5th, 9th, intermittent fever, the paroxysms of which
13th, etc. recur daily. Q., Double, a fever having
Quintipara [kwin-tip'-a-mli). See Multi- two paroxysms a day, usually differing in
para. character.
R
R. The abbreviation of jî'c?)^^, take of right,; Rachiodynia [ra ke-o - -
din^- e -
a/i) [pa j^c,
of Reaumur, and of resistance (electric). spine in the
; od'vvr], pain]. Spasmodic pain
Rabic [rab'ik) \rabies,x2i^&'\. Pertaining to si:)inal column.
rabies, as R. virus. Rachiotomy [ra-ke-ol'-o-?ne) \_'pdxL^, spine ;
Rabid [rub' -id) \rabidus, mad]. Affected TejivELv, to cut]. I. The operation of cutting
with rabies, or hydrophobia; pertaining to into or through the vertebral column. 2.
rabies, as R. virus. The operation of cutting through the spine
Rabies [ra^-be-es) [L.]. Lyssa, or hydro- of the fetus to facilitate delivery.
phobia. The latter term is generally applied Rachischisis {ra-kis'-kis-is). See Spina
to the human disease consequent
upon the bifida.
bite of a rabid dog or other animal. Rabies Rachitic {ra-kit'-ik) [paj/f, spine ; <r<f in- ,
is an acute infectious disease of animals de- Affected with, resembling, or

flammation].
pendent upon a specific virus, and commu- produced by rachitis rickety. R. Rosary,
;
nicable to man by inoculation. All animals the row of nodules appearing on the ribs, at
are liable to the disease, but it occurs most their junction with the cartilages, in rachitis.
Irequently in the wolf, the cat, and the dog, Rachitis {ra - ki'-tis) [poj'f, spine; ltlc,
and is chiefly propagated by the latter, which inflammation]. Rickets, a constitutional dis-
is specially
susceptible. The nature of the ease of infancy, characterized by impaired
poison is as yet unknown it has a special
; nutritionand changes in the bones, the
affinity for the nervous system, and is found symptoms being a diffuse soreness of the
in the secretions, particularly in the saliva.
body, slight fever, and profuse sweating
See Hydrophobia. about the head and neck, and changes in the
Racemose [i-as'-e-nids) \_racemus, a bunch osseous system, consisting in a thickening of
of grapes]. Resembling a bunch of grapes, the epiphyseal cartilages and periosteum and
as R. gland. R. Aneurysm, aneurysm by a softening of the bones. 'I'hrough the ac-
anastomosis. tion of the muscles on the soft bones various
Rachialgia ( ra-ke-al'-je-ah) \jmxiz, spine ; deformities are produced, while the perios-
akyoi, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the spinal teal hyperplasia leads to nodular
hyperostoses,
column. especially about the head, giving the latter a
Rachidial (ra-kid'-e-al) \^pa.xi<:,
the spine]. square appearance (caput quadratum). Den-
Pertaining to the spine. titionand closure of the fontanels are de-
Rachidian ( ra-kid'-e-an) \_pdxiz, spine]. layed. Nervous symptoms are often present,
Spinal vertebral.
; as feverishness, laryngismus stridulus, and
Rachilysis {ra-kiF -is-is)\_'paxi^, spine 'Avaii;, convulsions. The liver and spleen are usually
a loosening]. A method of correcting lat-
;
enlarged. The etiology is obscure — it

eral curvature of the has been ascribed to deficiency in the earthy
spine by appropriate
traction and pressure. salts, to defect in the osteoblasts, and to
RADESYGE RAMUS
R. adultorum, Radiocarpal {ra-de-o-kar'-pal) [radius, rad
microorganismal infection.
osteomalacia niollities ossium.
;
us ; Kap-og, carpus]. Pertaining to the radius
Radesyge {rak da-sue' -ge) [Norwegian].
A and the carpus.
Radiodigital [i-a-de-o-dij' -it-al) [radius, ra-
disease also known as Scandinavian syphilis,
dius; digitus, a digit]. Pertaining to the
or Norwegian leprosy, and characterized by
and other cutaneous lesions. It radius and the fingers.
ulceration
that under the name of R. are Radiography [ra-de-og' -ra-fe). See Skiagra-
is probabl'e
included syphilitic and leprous lesions. phy.
Radiad a spoke ad, Radiohumeral (j-a-de-o-hu' -tner-al) [radius,
i^ra' -de-ad)
;
\î-adhis,
Toward the radial side. radius; humerus, the humerus]. Pertaining
tow-ard].
a I. to the radius and the humerus.
Radial [ra'-de-al) [j-adius, spoke].
Radiating ; diverging
from a common center. Radiopalmar [ra-de-o -pal' -mar) [radius, ra
2. Pertaining to or in relation with the
radius dius palina, palm].
; Pertaining to the radius
Of bone of the forearm, as the R. artery. and the palm.
Radiant [t-a' de-ant) \_radius, a spoke]. Radioulnar [ra-de-o-uF-nar) [radius, radius;
Radiating diverging from a common

;
center. Pertaining to the radius and ulna.
ulna,\x\n'<i].
Radiate {ra'-de-at ) [radius, a spoke] Di- . Radius {i-a' -de-us) [radius, a spoke of a
verging from a central point. wheel]. I. ray. A
2. The outer of the
Radiation \7-adiare, to radi-

two bones of the forearm.
{ra-de-a'-sliiat)
I. The act of radiating or diverging Radix {ra'-dix) [L.]. A root.
ate].
Radzyge {rad-zi' -ge) .See Radesyge.
from a central point, as R. of light; diverg- .
" Hadernkrankheit. "

ence from a center having. the appearance
; Rag-picker's disease,
of rays. 2. In cerebral anatomy, certain An acute felirile disease occurring in work-
groups of diverge after leaving
fibers that men engaged in sorting rags in paper-factories.
their place of origin. R., Optic, a large It is supposed to be due to the inhalation of
strand of fibers continuous with those of the anthrax-bacilli or spores, and is characterized
corona radiata, derived mainly from the by an exudation into the pulmonary tissue,
and internal geniculate bronchial glands, and pleural cavity.
pulvinar, the external
bodies, and the optic tract, and radiating Railway-spine. A term given by Erichsen
into the occipital lobes. R., Striothala- to a varied group of spinal sym.ptoms con-
mic, a system of fibers connecting the sequent on slight injuries or concussions re-
and ceived in railway-accidents. The condition
corpus striatum with the optic thalamus
the subthalamic region. R., Thalamic, cer- is classed with the traumatic neuroses, and is
tain tracts of fibers from the optic thalami, a form of neurasthemia. It is frequently a
that radiate into the hemispheres. cause for litigation. See Erichseri' s Disease.
Radical {rad' -ik-al) \iadix, a root]. I. Be- Rainey's Corpuscles or Tubes. Psoro-
longing to the root going to the root, or

; sperms occurring in the muscles of the pig
attacking the cause of a disease, as a radical and other animals.
2. See Radicle (2d def. ). Raisins Dried grapes.
[ra'-zins).
operation.
Radicle {rad'-ik-l) [dim. of radix'\. I. A Rale {rahl) [Fr., raler, to rattle].
An ad-
little root, as R. of a nerve, one of the ventitious sound heard over the chest during
respiration and indicating some
ultimate fibrils of which a nerve is com- local disturb-
posed R. of a vein, one of the minute ves-

;
ance. Rales are either dry or moist (pro-
sels uniting to form a vein. 2. An atom or duced by the Imbbling of air through liquid),
group of atoms constituting the essential sonorous or sibilant. They are also classified
part of the molecule of a compound a ; according to their place of production, into
cav-
group of atoms that remains intact in the laryngeal, tracheal, bronchial, vesicular,
ordinary decomposition of the molecule ; ernous, pleural, pericardial. table of A
especially a group of atoms that acts in com- rales is appended.
bination as a simple element but is incapable Ramification {ram-e-Jik-a'-shun) [ramus, a
of existence in the free state, as NH^, am- branch facere, to make].
;
I. The act or
momium, Cglij, phenyl. R., Alcohol-, one state of branching. 2. branch. A
that forms an alcohol when combined with Ramify {ratn'-e-fi) [ra7nus, a \ixz.xvq\\; face^-e,
the elements of water. to make]. To form branches; to branch.
Radicular {rad-ik'-u-lai^. Pertaining to a Ramus [ra'-tuus) [L.]. I. A
branch, espe-
root or to a radicle ; specifically, pertaining cially of a vein, artery, or nerve.
2. slender A
process of bone projecting like a branch
to the roots of the spinal nerves. or
Radio- (i-a'-de-o-) [radius, a spoke]. A pre- twig from a large bone, as the R. of the
fixdenoting connection with the radius. lower jaw; ascending R. of the ischium;
Radiobicipital [y-a-de-o-bi-sip' -it-al) [radi- ascending or horizontal R. of the pubes. R.
us rs.dL\\x?,
,
/;/(r/.f, two-headed].
; Pertaining communicans, a branch of a spinal nerve
to the radius and the biceps. connecting it with the sympathetic ganglia.
RALES RALES
TABLE OF RALES.
Variety.
RANCID RAPHE
TABLE OF RA.'LES.—Cojitmited.
Variety.
RAREFACTION REACTION
.Rarefaction [rar-e-fak'-shuii) [/vz/v/j, rare ; Ray {ra) [radius, ray], i. beam of light A
facere, to make]. The act of rarefying or or heat one of the component elements of
;
of decreasing the density of a substance, es- light or heat. 2. One of a number of lines
pecially the air. R. of Bone, the process of diverging from a common center. R., Ac-
rendering bone more porous. tinic, a solar ray that produces chemic
Rarefy [j-a' -re-fi) \_rarHs, rare; facere, to changes. R., Cathode, R., Rontgen. See
make]. To make less dense or more porous. X-rays. R., Chemic. See R., Actinic.
Rarefying Osteitis. See Osteoporosis. R. -fungus. Sqq Actinomyces. R., Medul-
Rash [OF., riisc/ie, from radere, to scrape]. lary, of the Kidney, any one of the bundles
A superficial eruption of the skin or mucous of tubules that are the continuation into the
membrane. R., Caterpillar-, a localized cortex of the Mal])ighian pyramids.
eruption attributed to the irritant action of Raynaud's Disease (ra-woz). A trophoneu-
the hairs of certain caterpillars. R., Drug-, rosis characterized by three grades of inten-
one ]:)roduced by drugs. R., Medicinal. See sity :
[a) Local syncope, observed most fre-
R., Drug-. R., Mulberry-, an eruption re- quently in the extremities, and producing the
sembling an exanthem of measles, sometimes condition known as dead fingers or dead toes.
occurring in typhus. R., Nettle-. See {^l>)
Local asphyxia, which usually follows
Urticaria. R., Rose-. See Roseola. R., local syncope, but may develop independ-
Scarlet. See Scarlet Fever. R., Tooth-, ently. The
fingers, toes, and ears are the
any rash attributed to dentition. parts usually affected. In the most extreme
Raspatory i^ras'-pa-to-re) \raspatoriitiit, from degree the parts are swollen, stiff, and livid,
radcrc, to scrape]. A
rasp or file for trim- and the capillary almost stag-
circulation is
ming the rough surfaces of bones or for re- nant, [c) Local or symmetric gangfene.
moving the periosteum. Small areas of necrosis appear on the pads of
Raspberry {i-az'-ber-e) . The fruit of Rubus the fingers and of the toes, also at the edges
idieus, a plant of the order Rosacete. A of the ears and tip of the nose. Occasion-
syrup (Syrupus rulji S. P.) is
idêi, U. used ally symmetric patches are seen on the limbs
as a vehicle and as a drink in fevers. or trunk, and in severe cases terminate in ex-
Rasura I. The tensive gangrene. Some cases are attended
{j-a-zu' -rah)
[L.]. process
of rasping, shaving, or scraping. 2.
Scrap- by hemoglobinuria. The pathology of the
ings ; filings. disease is obscure.
Ratanhia, Ratany {rat-an'-e-ah, rat'-an-e) Re-. A
Latin prefix signifying back or again.
[Peruv. rataua'\.
,
See Krameria. Reaction ak'- shun) \_re, again; age?-e,
[re
-
Rathke's Pouch {rat'-kdz) [M. H. Rath- to act]. Counteraction; opposite action;

I.
ke, a German anatomist]. A diverticulum interaction. 2. The

response of an organ
from the oral cavity into the cranial cavity, or part to a stimulus. 3. In chemistry, (<?)
forming the anterior lobe of the pituitary interaction of two or more substances when
body. brought contact
in [l>)
the resjionse to a
;
Rational ( ra^ - shon - al [ ratio, reason ]. )

certain as Acid R., Alkaline R.,
tfest,
Based upon reason reasonable. ;
In thera- responding to the test for acid and alkali
peutics, opposed to empiric. R. Formula, respectively. R., Amphigenous, R., Am-
in chemistry, a structural formula. See photeric. See Amphoteric. R. of De-
Formula. R. Symptoms, the symptoms generation, the R. obtained when an elec-
elicited by questioning the patient, as op- tric stimulus is applied to a muscle deprived
posed to those ascertained by physical exam- of its trophic nerve-influence. It is charac-

ination. terized by the following conditions Dimi- :
Ratsbane [ratz'-bdri). I. Arsenous trioxid. nution or abolition of the excitability of the

2. A name given to any rat-poison contain- muscles for the faradic current, with a tem-
ing arsenic. porary increase in excitability for the galvanic
Rattle (;-,//'-/) [AS., /;;-aYM)'«, to rattle]. A current. In the nerves there is a diminutio
rale. Death-, a gurgling sound ob-
R., or abolition of both faradic and galvanic ex
served in dying persons, due to the passage citability. The reactions of the muscle tc
of the air through mucus in the trachea. the galvanic current (the true R. of degener
Rau, Process of. The long process at the ation) may be formulated as follows :
—
junction of the handle with the neck of the Muscle norn..l.
malleus. AnSc^SoC
An = }
Rauber's Layer. A superficial stratum of flat CIC CaClC )
stage Muscle in lirst of
AllOC = CaOC degeneration.
)
cells occurring in the center of the embryonal An CIC > CaClC Muscle in more advanced
)
spot at an early stage in the development of An OC < CaOC stage of degeneration.

j
the blastodermic membranes. AnClC = anodal closing contraction AnOC —

anodal opening contraction; CaCIC = catliodal
;
Rauschbrand {roia'sh'-brond). The German

closing concraction CaOC = cathodal opening
;
name for black-leg. contraction.

REAGENT RED
R., Electric, a response in
a muscle or a part rt', again ; crescere Xa grow].
,
A secretion
stimulation. R. of Ex- that is reabsorbed after fulrilling its function.
produced by electric
haustion, a variety of R. to electric excitation Recrementitous {rekre-nien-tish' -us) \_re<re-
seen in states of exhaustion, in which a cer- tiieiit^. Pertaining to or of the nature of a
tain reaction produced by a given current- recrement.
strength cannot be reproduced without an in- Recrudescence (j-e-kru-des' -ens) [/v, again ;
crease of current-strength. R., Hemiopic crudescere, to become raw]. An increase in

of Wernicke, a reaction obtained the symptoms of a disease after a remission
Pupillary,
in some cases of hemianopia in which a or a short intermission.
iiencil of light thrown on the blind side of the Rectal {î-ek'-ial). Pertaining to the rectum
retina gives rise to no movement in the iris, or performed through the rectum. R. Ali-
but thrown upon the normal side produces mentation. See Alimentation. R. Crises,
contraction of the iris. It indicates that the attacks of rectal pain and tenesmus occurring
lesion producing the hemianopia is situated in locomotor ataxia.
at or anterior to the geniculate bodies. R., Rectification ( rek-tif-ik-a'-shu7i ) \îectus,
Myotonic, a R. seen in Thomsen"s disease, straight; facere, to make]. I. A straighten-

in which there is quantitative increase in the ing, as R. of a crooked limb. 2. The redistil-
faradic excitability. R., Neutral, a R. indi- lation of weak spirit in order to strengthen it.
cating the absence of both

acid and alkaline 'R.QZX.xiy {rek' -tif-i) \_rectiis, straight ; /airi?;-^,
properties. R.-period, R.-tinne,

the interval to make]. To make right or straight ; to re-
between the application of a stimulus and the fine. Rectified Spirit, alcohol containing
beginning of the corresponding motor act. S4 per cent, of spirit.
Reagent {y-e-a' -jent) [;r, again ; agere, to Rectitis {rek-ti' -tis). See Proctitis.
act]. A substance used to produce a chemic Recto- {rek'-to-). A prefix meaning pertain-
reaction. ing to the rectum.
Real Focus. See Focus. R. Image. See Rectocele [rek' -to-sel) \_rectum, rectum;
Image. Kiffj), tumor]. Prolapse of the rectum into
Realgar [re-al'-gar) [Arab., dust of the the vagina.
mine rahj, dust «/, the ghar, mine]
; ;
Ar- ;
.
Rectotomy [rek-tot'-oiiic) [^rectum, rectum ;
senous disulphid, AsjSj. Ttfivfiv, to cut]. The operation of cutting

Reamputation (i-e-am
-
pii-ta' shiiti) \i-e,
- into the rectum.
again; a)Hputation\ amputation upon An Rectourethral [rek-to-u-re' -thral ) \_rectum,

a meml)er on which the operation has been rectum nrethra\ Pertaining to the rectum
;
performed before. and the urethra.

Reaumur's Thermometer. See Ther- Rectouterine {rek - to- u'- ter -in) \^rectuin,
nioDieter. rectum uterus\
; Pertaining to the rectum
Receiver (^-e-se'-ver) to receive].
\i-ecipire, and the uterus.
1. The vessel receiving the products of dis- Rectovaginal i^rek-to-vaj' -in - al) rectum, \_
tillation. 2. In an air-pump, the jar in which rectum; ?wci'Wff, vagina]. Pertaining to the
the vacuum is produced. rectum and the vagina. R. Fistula, an
Receptaculum re-sep-tak' -u-htm^ \^rec{[êre,
( opening between the vagina and the rectum.
to receive]. A
receptacle. R. chyli, the Rectovesical {î-ek
-
to - ves' -
ik -
al) [rectum,
sac-like beginning of the thoracic duct oppo- rectum vesica, the bladder].
; Pertaining
site the last dorsal vertebra. to the rectum and the bladder.
Recessus {re-ses' -iis) [L.]. A depression or Rectum [rek'-tum) \^rcctus, straight]. The
recess. R. hemiellipticus. See Fovea lower part of the large intestine, extending
heinielliptiia. R. hemisphaericus. See from the sigmoid flexure to the anus. It be-
Fovea hemispkcerica. R. pharyngeus, a gins opposite the left sacroiliac synchondrosis,
pouch-like process of the mucosa of the passes obliquely downward to the middle of
pharynx situated below the opening of the the sacrum, and thence descends in the
Eustachian tube. median line to terminate at the anus.
Recipe (;v.f'-?/-i').
i. The imperative of ;rr?)i- Rectus {rek'-tus) [L.]. Straight applied ;
e7-e, used as the heading of a physician's pre- to anything having a straight course, as an
scription and signifying take. Symbol R .
artery (arteriae rectre of the kidney) or a mus-
2. Also the formula itself. cle. R. Muscle. See Ahtscles, Table of.
Reciprocal Proportions, Law of. See Recurrens [rc-kiir' -renz) [;r, back currei-e, ;
Liuo, Da/foil's. to run]. Relapsing fever.

Reclination {rek-Iin-a' -shmi) \_recliitare, to Recurrent (rt'-Zv/r^-dV//') [;r, back; currere,
recline]. An old operation for cataract, to run]. I. Returning. 2. In anatomy,
called also "couching," in which the lens turning back in its course, as R. laryngeal
was pushed back into the vitreous chamber. nerve. R. Fever, relapsing fever.
Recrement(rd'/^''-;v-/«if«/) \j-ecreiiientu)n, from Red [AS., }-ead, red]. The least refrangible
REDUCE REFLEX
of the spectral colors of a color resemb-
; Reduplication {i-e-dti-plik-a'-shun)\re,?i^z\n;
ling tliat of the blood. R. Bark. See Cin- dnplicare, to double]. A doubling. R. of
chona. R. -blindness, '^t^qq Bli>idiit-ss, Color-. the Heart-sounds, a doubling of either the
R. Gum, a red jiapular eruption of infants ;
fust or second sound of the heart.
also called strophuhis. R. Lead, red lead Redux {rt-^-di(ks) [L. ]. Returning. R.,
R. Nucleus.
oxid, formerly used in plasters. Crepitus, the small mucous rales heard in
See Nucleus. R. Pepper. See Ccipsicttin. the early stage of the resolution of loljar
R. Precipitate. See Merciiry. R. Soften- pneumonia.
ing, a form of acute softening of the brain Reel, Cerebellar. The peculiar staggering
or spinal cord, characterized by a red puncti- gait in diseases of the cerel)ellum, particularly
forni appearance due to the presence ot blood. in tumor.
Reduce {i-e-ih1s') \j-e, back ducere, to lead].
;
Refine {re-fin^) \_re, again ; finirc, to finish].
I.To restore a part to its normal relations, as To purify to separate
;
a substance from
to R. a hernia or fracture. In chemistry,2. foreign matter.
to bring back to the metallic form to deprive ;
Reflection {t-e-flek' -sJm)i) [;v, back ; Jlectere,
of oxygen. to bend]. A or turning back
bending ;
Reduced {i-edusd') \_re, back; dncere, to specifically, the turning back of a ray of light
lead]. I. Restored to the proper place. 2. from a surface upon which it impinges without
In chemistry, brought back into the metallic penetrating.
form as R. iron. 3. Diminished in size. Reflector (r^y?'d'/&^-/(7r) \ie, back ; Jlectere, to
R. Eye. See Eye. bend]. A polished surface by which light is
Reducible (re-du'-sibl^ \_re, back dncere, ;

reflected.
to lead]. Capable of being reduced. Reflex {rc^-Jlcks)\re, back Jlectere, to bend].
;
Reducin A leukomain, Cjj- I. Anything rellccted or thrown back. 2. A

{re-dii^-siii).
II.,^N^(3,j,
found in urine. reflex act. R. Act, an act following im-
Reduction (j-e-diik' -shiiii) \_re,
back ; ducere, mediately upon a stimulus without the inter-
to lead]. The act of reducing. R. en vention of the will. R. Arc, the mechanism
it consists of an
masse, the R. of a strangulated hernia still necessary for a R. action ;
surrounded by its sac, thus failing to relieve afferent or sensory nerve; a nerve-center to
the strangulation. change this sensory impulse into a motor
Reduplicated [re-dn'-pUk a-tcd) [r,', again ;
one and an efferent or motor nerve to carry
;
duplicarc, to double]. Doubled, as R. heart- a motor impulse to the muscle or group of

sounds. See Rediiplication. muscles.
TABLE OF REFLEXES.
Name.
REFLEX REFLEX
TABLE OF REFLEXES.— Co>U2miec/.
Name.
REFRACT REFRACTIVITY
TABLE OF REFLEXES.— Co>!(mue(/.
Name.
REFRACTOMETER REINSCH'S TEST
Tower of refraction tween the ischium and the rectum. R.,
frangei-e, to break]. ;
ability to refract.
Lumbar. -See Abdomen. R., Mammary,
Refractometer {re-frak-lom' -et-er)\_rc back; ,
the space on the anterior surface of the chest
breakto iihpov, measure],
;
i. between the third and the sixth ribs. R.,
fraiii:;i)i\
An instrument for measuring the refraction Precordial, the surface of the chest covering
of the eye. 2. An instrument for the deter- the heart. R., Supraclavicular, the space
mination of the refractive indices of liquids. above the clavicle. R., Supraspinous, the
Refractory {re-frak'-tor-e) [re,
back ; fran- region corresponding to the supraspinous
^d";-;",
to iireak]. I. Resisting treatment. 2. fossa of the scapula. R., Umbilical. See
Resisting the action of heat ; slow to melt. Abdomen.
Refracture fyre-frak'-tur) [re, back ; fran- Regional [re'-jun-al) [7-egion'\. Pertaining
gere, to break].
The breaking again of frac- to a region. R. Anatomy, the branch of
tured bones that have joined by faulty or anatomy that treats of the relations of the
structures in a region of the body to each
improper union.
Refrangibility [j-e-fran-jib-il' -it-e) [;r, back; other and to the body-surface.
frangere, to break]. Capability of undergo- Regressive [re-gres^ -ii') [re, back gradi, to
;
ing refraction. go]. Going back, returning, subsiding.

Refresh {ye-fresh'^^re, again friscus, new]. ; Regular (^reg' -ti-lar') [regere, to rale]. Ac-
In surgery, to give to an old lesion the char- cording to rule or custom. R. School of
acter of a fresh wound. Medicine, the great mass of the profession,
Refrigerant (j-e -frij' er ant) [refrigeians,
- -
whose j>ractice is based on the results of ex-
from ;£>, again i. Cooling; les-
•,frigus,co\'.\']. perience and experimental research without
sening fever. 2. A or agent hav-
medicine adherence to any exclusive theory of thera-
ing cooling properties, or lowering body-tem- peutics. R. Physician, one belonging to the
perature. regular school.
Refrigeration {j-e-frij-er-a' -shtnt) \_re, again; Regurgitation {re-gnr-Jit-a^-s/n{n)[re, again ;
The act of lowering the tem- I. A back-flow of

frigiis, cold]. gnrgitare, to engulf].
perature of a body, by conducting away its blood through a heart-valve that is defective.
heat to a surrounding cooler substance. 2. The return of food from the stomach to
Refusion (t-e-fu' -zhuii) \_refusio, an over- the mouth soon after eating, without the or-
flowing]. The act of withdrawing blood dinary efforts of vomiting.
from the vessels, exposing it to the oxygen of Reichert's Cartilage. The cartilaginous
the air, and passing it back again. structure that appears in the embryo on the
Regeneration {re-joi-er-a' -shtiii) [re, again ; hyoid arch, eventually becoming the styloid
generarc, to beget]. The repair of lost or process, the stylohyoid ligament, and the
diseased structures. lesser cornu of the hyoid bone.
Regimen i^ref -im-en') \_regere, to rule] . The Reichmann's Disease. A
chronic disease
regulated use of food, and the sanitary arof the stomach characterized by pemianent
rangement of surroundings to suit existing gastric hypersecretion, associated with
conditions of health or disease. marked dilatation of the stomach, with thick-
Region {i-e'-jun) [regio, a region]. One of ening of its walls, and hypertrophy of the
the divisions of the body, possessing either glands. It is accompanied by violent attacks
natural or arbitrary boundaries. Rs. of the of pain with vomiting, and may be followed
Abdomen. See Abdotiien. R., Epigastric. by the formation of a round ulcer on the wall
See AbJoinen. R., Hypochondriac. See of the stomach.
Abdomen. R., Hypogastric. See Abdomen. Reid's Base Line. A line drawn from the in-
R., Iliac. ^CG Abdomen. R., Infraaxillary, fraorbital ridge through the middle of the ex-
the space between the anterior and posterior ternal auditory meatus, and used for localiz-
axillary lines. R., Infraclavicular, the ing the fissures of the brain on the skull.
space just below the clavicle. R., Infra- Reil, Island of. See Island of Reil.
mammary, the space between a line drawn Reimplantation [re-im-p/an-ta'-shiin) [re,
along the upper border of the xiphoid cartil- again plantare, to plant].
;
In dental sur-
age and the margin of the false ribs. R., In- gery, the replacing of a drawn tooth into its
frascapular, the region on either side of socket.
the vertebral column below a horizontal line Reinfection in-
[re-in-fek' -shmi) [re, again ;
drawn through the inferior angle of each Infection a second time

Jicere, to infect].
scapula. R., Infraspinous, that included with the same kind of virus.
between the spine of the scapula and a line Reinoculation {re - in -
ok- u- la' -shzin) [re,
passing through the angle of the scapula. again; inoenlare, to inoculate^. Inoculation
R., Inguinal, the region of the groin. R., a second time with the same kind of virus.
Interscapular, the space between the Reinsch's Test. A test for arsenic. The
scapula;. R., Ischiorectal, the region be- suspected fluid is strongly acidulated with
REGION REGION
REINVERSION RESILIENCE
some slips of siderably diminished. It is probably due to
hydrochloric acid and boiled,
added a grayish coating an exhausted condition of the epithelial cells
bright copper being ;
on the copper may be shown to be arsenic by of the kidney.

heating in a glass tube held obliquely, when,
Reniform {ren'-e-fortn) [ren, kidney forma, ;
if it is arsenic, a crystalline coating will be form]. Kidney-shaped.

sublimated on the glass above the copper. Rennet [ren^-et) [AS., rinnan, to run]. The
Reinversion l^re-in-ver' -shun) [/r, again ; prepared inner membrane of the fourth
invertere, to turn upside down]. The act of stomach of the calf, or an infusion of this
reducing an inverted uterus by the applica-
membrane. It contains a milk-curdling fer-
tion of pressure to the fundus. ment that decomposes casein.

Reissner's Membrane. The membrane ex- Rennin {ren'-i)i) [AS., rinnan, to run]. The
tending from the lamina spiralis to the outer milk-curdling ferment of the gastric juice ;
wall of the cochlea, separating the scala also called rennet.

media from the scala vestibuli. Repellent [re-pel' -ent) [re, back pellere, to
;
Relapse [re-laps^) \_re, again ; lahi, to fall]. push]. I. Driving back. 2. Causing reso-
A return of an attack of a disease shortly morbid processes.
lution of
Repercolation [re -per ko
- -
after the beginning of convalescence. la' -
shtm) [ re,
Relapsing Fever. An acute infectious dis- again percolare, to percolate]

; Repeated .
ease due to thespirocha;taObermaieri. After percolation the passage of a percolate for a

;
a period of incubation of from five to seven second time, or oftener, through the perco-
days, the disease sets in with chill, fever, and lator.
pains in the back and limbs. The spleen en- Repercussion [re-per-kitsh' -un) \re, again ;
larges, sweats and delirium occur, and the to percuss], i. Ballottement. 2.
/t'r«^/(?r(?, A
symptoms continue for five or six days, then driving in or dispersion of a tumor or eruption.
suddenly cease by crisis. After a variable in- Repletion [re-ple' -slum) [i-e, again plere, to ;
terval, usually in about a week, a second par- fill].

The condition of being full.
oxysm occurs, which may be followed by a Reposition [re-po-zish' -iin)\_re, back pottere, ;
third and fourth. The disease prevails where to place]. The act of returning into place,
conditions of overcrowding and defective food- as R. of the uterus.
supply obtain ; hence the name, famine- Repositor [re-poz'-it-or) [re, back ponere, ; to
fever. place]. An instrument for replacing parts
Relaxant [re-la ks^-a)it) [;r, again ; laxair, that have become displaced, especially for
to loosen]. I. Loosening; causing relaxa- replacing a prolapsed umbilical cord an in- ;
tion. 2. An
agent that diminishes tension. strument used in the replacement of a dis-
Relaxation (re-laks-a' -shn7i^ [r,?, again ; placed uterus.
laxare, to loosen]. A diraunition of ten- Reproduction [re-pro-diik' -shuti) [re, again ;
sion in a part ; a diminution in functional produce re, to produce]. The

produc- act of
activity, as, e. g. R. of the skin.
, ing again the procreation of one's kind
; the ;
Remak's Fibers aks) [Reinak, a

[ret>i
' -
producing of something like that lost.
German physiologist]. See Fiber. R.'s Reproductive [re-pro-duk' -tiv) [re, again ;
Ganglion, a ganglion of nerve-cells in the prodncere, to produce]. Pertaining to re-

sinus venosus of the frog's heart. production, as the R. organs.
Remedial [re-??te'-de-al ) [i-e, again ; mederi, Repulsion [re-pul'-shun) [re, back; pellere,
to heal]. Having the nature of a remedy to drive, to i. The act of
; push], repelling
relieving ; curative. or driving back or apart. 2. The influence
Remedy [rem'-ed-e) [re, again ; mederi, to tending to drive two bodies apart the oppo- ;
heal]. Anything used in the treatment of site of attraction.

disease. Resection [!-e-sek'-slnin)[re, again secare, to ;
Remission [re-viish'-iin) [;r, back; inittere, cut]. The operation of cutting out. R. of
to send]. I . Abatement or subsidence of the a Joint, the cutting away of the ends of the
symptoms of a disease. 2. The period of bones forming a joint, or a portion of bone,
diminution of the symptoms of a disease. nerve, or other structure.
Remittent [re-mit'-ent ) \re, back ; inittere, to Reserve Air. See Respiration.
send]. Characterized by remissions. R. Reservoir of Pecquet [pek-a'). See Recepta-
Fever, a malarial fever characterized by pe- cnlum chyli.
riods of remission without Residual Air [re-zid'- u-al ) See Respiration.
complete apyrexia. .
Ren [L.]. Kidney. Residue [rez'-id-u] [re, again sedere, to sit] ;

.
Renal [re^-nal) [?rn, kidney]. Pertaining That remaining after a part has been re-
to the kidney. R. Calculus, a concretion moved.
in the R. Inadequacy, the condi-
kidney. Resilience [re-zil'-e-ens] [re, back ; salire, to
tion in which the amount of The
urinary solids, leap]. quality of being elastic or re-
and often the quantity of urine itself, is con- silient.
RESILIENT RESPIRATION
Resilient (r(f-3//^-i?-<'«/) [;-c,
back ; salire, io during ordinary speech. R., \A^hispering,
leap]. Rebounding; elastic. R. Stricture, the sound heard on auscultation of the chest
one that contracts again immediately after during the act of whispering.
being dilated. Resonator again sonare,
{t-ez'-o-iia-tor) [;v, ;
Resin [rez'-in)
\_resina\. One of a class of to sound]. An instrument used to intensify
vegetable substances e.Kuding from various sounds.
plants, and characterized by being soluble in Resorcin [re-zor^-sin) \_resitia, resin Orcus,
;
alcohol, in ether, and in the volatile oils, and Pluto], CgH^(0H)2. A crystalline substance
insoluble in water they are readily fusible,
;
isomeric with pyrocatechin and hydroquinone^
and inflammable. They are obtained in and usually prepared by fusing sodium ben-
pharmacy by treating the substances contain- zene disulphonate with sodium hydroxid. It
is an antipyretic and antiseptic, but is chiefly
ing them with alcohol, and then precipitating
the alcoholic solution with water. The chief used in ointments for chronic skin-diseases.
resins are Resina (U. S. P., B. P.), from Dose gr. ij-iv (o. 1 3-0. 26).
turpentine Resina copaibce (U. S. P.), dose
; Resorption {^re-sorp' -shiin^ V''^': again ;
sor-
gr. x-\x (o 65-1.3) Resina jalapse (U. S.
; bere, to absorb]. The absorption of morbid
P., B. P.), dose gr. ij-v (o. 13-0.32) Resina ; deposits, as of the products of inflammation.
podophylli, dose gr. yi-Yz (0.008-0.032) ; Respirable lores' -pir-a-bl) \j-e, again ; spii-are,
Resina scammonii (U. S. P., B. P.), dose to breathe]. Capable of being inspired and
gr. iv-viij (0.26-0.52). R. - plaster, em- expired capable of furnishing the gaseous
;
plastrum resinae; adhesive plaster. interchange in the lung necessary for life.
Resinous {n'z' - itt - iis) \_resina, a resin]. Respiration [>'es-pir-a'-s/uin) [re, again ;
Having the nature of a resin. spirare, to I. The interchange

breathe].
Resistance [re-zis^-âns) [)-esisfare, to with- between the gases of living organisms and
stand]. In electricity, the opposition offered the gases of the medium in which they live,
l)y a conductor to the passage of the current. through any channel, as cutaneous R. 2.
R.-coil, a coil of wire for increasing tlie The act of breathing with the lungs the ;
resistance in a circuit. R., Essential, or R., taking into and the expelling from the lungs
Internal, the resistance to conduction within of air. It consists of two acts —
inspiration, or
the battery itself. R., Extraordinary, or the taking in of the atmospheric air, and ex-
R., External, the resistance to conduction piration, the expelling of the modified air.
outside of tlie i:)attery. Expired air contains less oxygen and more
Resolution [I'cz-o-lu^-sJnai) \_resolvere, to carbon dioxid tlian inspired air. The volume
resolve]. The
return of a part to the normal of air taken into the lungs and given out
state after a pathologic process. during an ordinary R. [tidal air) is 500 c.c. ;
Resolve [re-zolv') [resoivere, to dissolve]. the volume that can be inspired in addition
I. To return to the normal state after some by a forcible inspiration [complcniental air)
pathologic process. 2. To separate anything is 1500c.c. ; that which remains in the chest
into its component parts. after a normal expiration [reso'Z'e or supple-
Resolvent [re-zol'-vent^ \j-esolvere, to dis- mental air) is 1500 c.c. the amount remain-
;
solve]. I. Causing solution or dissipation of ing in the chest after the most complete ex-
tissue. 2. An agent causing resolution. piration [residual air) is from 1200-1600 c.c.
Resolving Power. The capability of a lens The volume of air that can be forcibly ex-
of making clear the finest details of an object. pelled after the most forcible inspiration is
Resonance [rez' -o-natts) [;r, again sonare, ;
termed vital or respiratory capacity and is
to sound]. I. The sound obtained on striking equal to the tidal air, complemental air, and re-
a hollow object, especially the note obtained serve air, or about 3500 c.c. See Breath and
on ]iercus.iing the chest or abdomen. 2. The Brcathiiii:;. R., Abdominal, a type of R.
sound of the voice as transmitted to the ear caused by the contraction of the diajihragm
applied to the chest. R., Cracked-pot, a and the elasticity of the abdominal walls and
sound elicited by percussing over a pulmon- viscera. It is more common in men than in
ary cavity communicating with a bronchus. women. R., Artificial, the artificial produc-
R., Skodaic, the increased percussion-reson- tion of the normal respiratory movements.
ance over the upper part of a lung when the See Artificial Rrspiration. R., Costal, a type
lower part is compressed by a pleural effusion. of R. in which the chest-movement predomi-
R., Tympanitic, a hollow sound elicited on nates over the diaphragmatic movement, seen
percussion over the intestines and over large especially in women. R., Metamorphos-
pulmonary cavities with thin yielding walls. ing, a form of R. in which inspiration is at
R., Vesicular, the normal pulmonary R. first harsh, but toward the end becomes blow-
R., Vesiculotympanitic, an admixture of ing and accompanied by adventitious sounds.

vesicular and tympanitic R. R., Vocal, It is produced by the entrance of air into a
the sound heard on auscultation of the chest cavity through a narrow opening.
RESPIRATOR RETINOSCOPY
Reticulum [re-tik'-u-lum) [reticulum, dim.
Respirator {res-pir-a' -tor) [;r, again ; spirare,
to breathe]. An
appliance by which the inof rete, net]. A
network.
spired air, in passing through it,
is warmed, Retina [ret'-in-ak] [rete, a net]. The deli-
medicated. cate membrane of the eye representing the
purified, or
again; terminal expansion of the optic nerve, and
Respiratory {res'-pir-a-to-re) \t-e,
spirare, to breathe]. Pertaining to respira- extending from the point of entrance of the
tion. R. Bundle, the ascending root of nerve forward to its termination in the era
the glossopliaryngeal nerve, probably arising serrata. It consists of the following layers,
in the posterior horns of the cord. R. Center. named from behind forward («) the pig- :
See Center. R. Murmur, the sound pro- ment-layer ; {b) the neuroepithelial layer,
duced by the air entering and escaping from comprising the layer of rods and cones
the lungs during respiration. R. Nerve, one (Jacob's membrane, bacillary layer'), the
of two nerves supplying important muscles outer limiting membrane, and the outer nu-
of respiration. The external is the posterior clear layer ;(<-)
the cerebral layer, compris-
thoracic nerve the internal, the phrenic nerve.
; ing the outer reticular layer (outer granular
R. Quotient, the ratio of the amount of oxy- layer), the inner nuclear layer, the inner reti-
gen taken in by the lungs to the carbon dioxid cular layer (inner granular layer), the gan-
given off in the same period of time. R. glion-cell layer, the nerve-fiber layer. These
Tract, all the air-passages and air-cells con- layers are cemented together by a supporting
cerned in respiration. framework of connective tissue, the fibers of
Restiform [res' -teforDt) \_restis, a rope ;
forma, Miiller, or radiating fibers.
form]. Corded or cord-like. R. Body, a Retinaculum {j-et-in-ak' -u-lum') [re, back ;
part of the medulla oblongata, which as tenere, to hold]. A band or membrane hold-
the inferior cerebellar peduncle connects the ing back an organ or part. R. ligamenti
medulla with the cerebellum. It contains arcuati, the short external lateral ligament
fibers from the lateral column of the spinal of the knee-joint. R. Morgagni, R. of the
cord (the lateral cerebellar tract) ,
from the Ileocecal Valve, the ridge formed by the
posterior column, and from the inferior olivary coming together of the valve-segments at
nucleus. each end of the opening between the cecum
Restitution [res- tit -u' -
shiai) [r<f, again; and the ileum. R. peroneorum inferius,
statuere, to set up]. The act of restoring. a fibrous band running over the peroneal ten-
Resuscitation (re-sits-it-a'-s/n/n) \^re, again ;
dons as they pass through the grooves on the
stiscitare, to raise up] . The bringing back to outer side of the calcaneum. R. peroneo-
life of one apparently dead. rum superius, the external annular ligament
Retch [AS., hrcBC, a cough]. To strain at of the ankle-joint. R. tendinum, the annu-
vomiting. lar ligament of the wrist or ankle.
Rete [re'-te) [L-]- A net or net-like struc- Retinal {ret'-in-al) [retinci'\. Pertaining to
ture. R. Malpighii. See R. mucosutn. or affecting the retina.
R. mirabile, a cluster of fine vessels produced Retinitis [rct-in-i'-tis) [^-etina, retina; ntq,
by the splitting of an artery into numerous inflammation]. Inflammation of the retina.
branches. If the branches do not reunite, it R., Albuminuric, R. due to nephritis. R.,
is called
unipolar R. mirabile if they reunite,
; Diabetic, R. occurring in diabetes. R.,
bipolar R. mirabile. R. mirabile duplex, Hemorrhagic, R. associated with hemor-
a R. mirabile consisting both of veins and
rhages. R., Leukemic, a form occurring in
arteries. R. mucosum, the deeper layers leukemia and characterized by pallor of the
of the epidermis. R. testis, the network of retinal vessels and optic disc and hemor-
seminal tubules in the corpus Highmori of the
rhages.
testicle. Retinochoroiditis ret -
in-o-ko-roi -
di' -
tis
( )
Retention {re-teti'-shun) [re, back ; tenere, [retina, retina; \-6pioi', the chorion; f/Jof,
to hold]. The act of retaining or holding like; (r/f, inflammation]. Inflammation of
back. R.-cyst. See Cj-st. R. of Urine, the retina and choroid.
the holding of the urine in the bladder on Retinol {ret'-in-ol) [pT/riv^, a resin], C32H],.
account of some hindrance to urination. A liquid hydrocarbon obtained in the de-
Reticular dim. of
[ret-ik' -u-lar) {reticulum, structive distillation of resin. It is used as
r/-/f, net]. Resembling a net formed by a ; a solvent and has also been employed in
.network. R. Formation. See Formatio. gonorrhea.
R. Lamina, the membrane
covering the Retinoscopy (retin-os' -ko-pe) [retina, ret-
or<,ân of Corti. R. Layer of the Skin, the ina; OKOTTdv, to observe]. method of de- A
deep layer of the skin, consisting of interlac- termining the refraction of the eye by ob-
ing bands of white and yellow fibrous tissue. servation of the movements of the retinal
Reticulated (ret-ik'-u-la-ted\. See Reticu-
images and shadows through the ophthalmo-
lar.
scopic mirror ;
skiascopy.
I
RETORT RHAMNUS
Retort (
re -
tort' ) [ re, back ; torquere, to Retronasal {re-tro-na^-zal) [r<r/ro, behind ;
twist]. A vessel
employed in distillation, fiasifs, nose]. Situated behind the nose or
consisting of an expanded gloljular portion nasal cavities.
and a long neck, and containing the liquid Retroocular {re-tro-ok'-n-lar) \_retro, be-
to be distilled. hind; ('r///«-f, the eye]. ?>et Retrobulbar.
Retractile [re-trak'-til^ [;r, back traherc, ;
'RetTopeTitoneal{re-tro-/>er-e-ton-e^-al)[retro,
to draw]. Capable of being drawn back. behind; Trf/j/roi-nrsi', peritoneum]. Situated
Retractility (/'v-//-;?/'-///^-//'-^) [;r, back; tra- behind the ]5eritoneum.
here, to draw]. The power of retracting or Retropharyngeal {re-tro-far-in' -je-al) [retro,
drawing back. behind; <;!iapi'}j, the pharynx]. Situated be-
Retraction [re-trak'-s/ntn) [^re,
ba'-k ;
tra- hind the pharynx, as R. abscess.
/it-re, draw]. The act of retracting or
to Retropulsion {re-tro-fuF-shun) [retro, hack ;
drawing back a R. of the muscles after
; pellere, to drive]. I.
driving or turning A
am|iutation. back, as of the fetal head. 2. running A
Retractor [r-e-tmk' -tor) \_?rt
ra/i ere, io Ar:i\\ backward ;
a form of walking sometimes seen
back]. An instrument for drawing back the in paralysis agitans.
lipsof a wound so as to give a better view of Retrosternal [re-tro-ster^-nal) [retro, hack ;
the deeper parts. sleruu))i\ Situated behind the sternum.

Retrahens aurem {î-e-tra'
-
henz a7u-rem). Retrotarsal {t-e-tro-tar'-sal) [retro, back ;
Drawing back the ear. See Aluscles, Table rapaoq, tarsus]. Situated behind the tarsus,
of. as, e. g., the R. fold of the conjunctiva
Retro- [re'-tro-) \_ret7-o, back]. A prefix Retrouterine {re-tro-u' -ter-iii) [retro, behind ;
meaning backward or behind. iilt-rus, uterus]. Behind the uterus. R.
Retrobulbar (re-tro-bid' -bar) \_retro, back ; Hematocele, a blood-tumor behind the
bu/bits, bull)]. Situated or occurring behind uterus in the pouch of Douglas.
the eyeball. R. Neuritis, inflammation in Retrovaccination (^re-tro-7'ak sin a'- shun)
- -
the orbital part of the optic nerve. [retro, back ; vacciuation^. Vaccination
Retrocedent iyve-tro-sc' -dent') \_retro,
back ;
with virus from a cow that had been inocu-
cedere,to go]. Going back; disappearing lated with the virus of smallpox from a
from the surface. R. Gout, a form of gout human subject.
in which the joint-inflammation suddenly Retroversion [re-tro-ver^-shun) [retro, back-
disappears and is replaced by affections of the ward vertere, a turning]. A turning back.
;
internal organs. R. of Uterus, a condition in which the

Retrocession {re-tro-sesh' -wi) \j-etro, back ;
uterus is tilted backward without curvature
cedere, to go]. The act of going back. of its axis.
Retroclusion {re-tro-klu'-zhun) \_retro,
back ;
Retroverted [j-e-tro-ver'-ted) [7-etro, back-
clandere, to shut]. form of acupressureA ward; vertere, to turn]. Tilted or turned
in which the pin is passed first above the backward, as a R. uterus.
artery into the tissues on the other side, then Reuss's Test. A test for atropin, consist-
below the artery into the tissues upon the ing in the development of an odor of blos-
side first entered. soms when the substance is treated with sul-
RetrocoUic (re-lro-kol' -ik) \_relro, back ;
col- ]ihuric acid and an oxidizing agent.
lis,the neck]. Pertaining to the muscles at Revulsant (j-e-vul'-sant) [re, back ; vellere,
the back of the neck. R. Spasm, spasm of to pluck]. I. Causing revulsion. 2. See
the muscles at the back of the neck, causing Revulsive.
retraction of the head. Revulsion (i-e-vul'-shun) [re, back ; vellere,
Retroflexion [re-tro-Jlek' -shun) \^retro, back ; to pluck]. A plucking or driving backward ;
/leetere, to bend]. The state of being bent specifically, the diverting of disease from one
backward. R. of the Uterus, a condition part to another by the sudden withdrawal of
in which the uterus is bent backward upon the blood from the part.
itself, producing a sharp angle in its axis. Revulsive {re-vnl'-siv) [re, back ; vellere, to
Retrograde [ret^-ro-o-rdd, or re'-tro-grHd) pluck]. I. Causing revulsion. 2. An agent
\_refro,
backward gradi, to go]. Going
;
that causes revulsion.
backward undoing.
;
R. Embolism, em- Rhabdomyoma [rab-do-tni-o' -mah) [pa^îôq,
bolism which the embolus has gone against
in a rod ; //i-f,
a muscle oiia, a tumor].
;
form A
the normal direction of the blood-stream. of myoma characterized by the presence of
Retrography [re-trog^-ra-fe) [retro, back ;
striated muscular fibers.
(ppncpen', to write]. Backward writing ;
mir- Rhachi-. See Rachi-.
ror-writing. Rhagades (rag^-ad-ez) [payac, fissure].
Retroinsular be-
{re-tro-in'-sii-lar) [?-etro, Linear cracks or fissures, especially in the
hind insula, island].
;
Situated behind the sk n i .
island of Reil, as the R. convolutions. Rhamnus [rain'-nus) [pofivo^, buckthorn].

RHAPHANIA RHINOCEPHALUS
The Rhamnus purshiana, a small tree of the the joints. R., Gonorrheal, joint-inflamma-
onler Rhainiiacete. Its bark (R. purshiana, tion occurring in association with gonorrheal
U. S. P., Rhainni purshiani cortex, B. P.) urethritis. It generally involves but one
is commonly known as Cascara sagrada or joint; if several are aftected, it is
usually the
chittem-bark, and is used as a laxative in smaller joints. The course is chronic.
Extractum rhamni Rheumatismal [ru ma tiz' mat) \_pev/ia,
- - -
habitual constipation.
purshianas fluidum (U. S. P.), Extractum cas- flux]. Pertaining to rheumatism.
carffi sagradas liquidum (B. P.). Dose rrLxv- Rheumatoid {rii' -tua-toid) [psvua, flux;
xlv (1.0-3.0). eMof, resemblance]. Resembling rheuma-
Rhaphania [ra/-a'-ne-ak). See Raphama. tism. R. Arthritis, a disease of the joints
characterized by chronic inflammatory and
Rhaphe {ra'-fe). See Raphe.
Rhatany [rat'-an-e). See Krameria. degenerative changes involving the structure
Rheo- [re'-o-) [pt'of, current]. A prefix de- of the various articulations and resulting in
noting pertaining to a current. rigidity and deformity. The mildest type is
Rheocord [re^-o-kord)\_'pkog, current; X^P^'Ij
known as Heberden's nodosities, in which
a cord]. See Rheostat. small nodules appear at the sides of the distal
Rheometer (vd'-()w''-fA^;') [pfof, current; iikr- phalanges of the fingers; in severer forms
pov, a measure], i. A galvanometer. 2. nearly every articulation may become anky-
An apparatus for measuring the velocity of losed.
the blood-current. Rheumic [ru'-mil-) \_pEvna, flux]. Pertain-
Rheophore {i-e' -o-for') \j)koq, current; oepeiv, ing to rheum. R. Diathesis, one that gives
to carry]. An electrode. rise to cutaneous eruptions.
Rheoscope {re
' -
0- skdp) [pcog, current ; Rhigolene [rig^-o-ien) \_'p'tyoc, cold]. very A
gkotteIv, to see]. An instrument for demon- volatile liquid obtained from petroleum by
strating the existence of an electric current ; distillation, and used as a local anesthetic.
a galvanoscope. Its rapid evaporation freezes and benumbs
Rheostat [re'-o-stat) [/u'of, current laravai,
;
the part upon which it is sprayed.
to stand]. An instrument introduced into an Rhin- {r'ui-). Rhino- {ri'-no-) [/)/f, nose]. A
electric current and offering a known resist- prefix signifying pertaining to the nose.
ance, for the purpose of regulating the Rhinencephalon [ri-neii-sef'-al-oi) [/)/f,
strength of the current. nose; ey/ceâ/lof, brain]. The olfactory lobe
Rheotome {re^-o-tdm)\_f)£og, current; refivsiv, of the brain.
to cut]. An
instrument for breaking and Rhineurynter [ri-nu-7-in'-ter) [p/f, nose ;
making a galvanic circuit; an interrupter. cvpvvsiv, to dilate]. A
distensible bag or sac
Rheotrope [re'-o-trop) \_pto<;, current Tptrr- ; which is inflated after insertion into the nos-
Eiv, to turn]. An apparatus for reversing tril.
the direction of an electric current. Rhinion [rin'-e-on) [p/c, nose]. The lower
Rheum See Rhtibarb.
(rX-/<;«). point of the suture Ijetween the nasal bones.
Rheum (rum) [pei'ua, from peav, to flow]. See Craniometric Points.
Any watery or catarrhal discliarge. R., Salt-, Rhinitis {ri-ni'-tis) [p/'f, the nose iriq, in- ;
eczema. flammation]. Inflammation of the nasal

Rheumatic [ne-mat^-th) lpev/ia,{{u\^. Per- mucous membrane. R., Acute, coryza ;
taining to, of the nature of, or affected with cold in the head. R., Chronic, a form
rheumatism. R. Diathesis, the condition of usually due to repeated attacks of acute R.,
body tending to the development of rheuma- and producing in the early stages hypertrophy
tism. R. Fever, acute articular rheumatism. of the mucous membrane (hypertro[)hic R.)
R. Gout. Synonym of Rhettwatoic/ Arthri- and in the later stages atrophy (atroi)hic R.),
tis. and the presence of dark, offensively-smelling
Rheumatism (i-u'-ina-tizin) \^pevfia, flux]. crusts. R., Fibrinous, a rare form of rhin-
A constitutional disease characterized by pain itis characterized by the
development of a false
in the jointsand muscles, tending to recur, membrane R., Pseudomem-
in the nose.
and associated with exposure to cold and wet. branous. See R., Fibrinous. R., Syph-
R., Acute Articular, is characterized
by ilitic, a chronic form due to syphilis, and
fever, by swelling of variousjoints, beginning usually attended by ulceration and caries of
usually in one and rapidly spreading to others, the bone and an offensive discharge (ozena).
by acid sweats, and by a marked tendency to R., Tuberculous, that due to the tubercle-
involve the endocardium, less bacillus; it is usually associated with ulcer-
frequently the
pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum. The ation and caries of the bones.
iris and
conjunctiva may also become affected. Rhinocephalus {ri-no-sef'-al-iis') [p/f, nose ;
head]. A monster in which the nose
R., Chronic, a chronic form in which the KEâki],
symptoms are milder and in which the disease resembles a tube and the eyes are fused below
attacks either the muscles
(muscular R.) or the nose.
RHINOLALIA RHUS
Rhinolalia {ri-no-la'-le-ak) [/i/f,
the nose; lar to that of a rhomb, a quadrilateral figure
/Ai'Aia, Iriperfect articulation due
speech]. with opposite sides ecpial and parallel, and
to undue closure (R. clausa), or undue patu- oblique angles. R. Fossa, the fourth ven-
lousiiess (R. aperta), of the posterior nares. tricle of the brain. R. Ligament. See
Rhinologic [n'-fio-Ai [p/f, nose ; A6yo(;, Ligaments, Table of.
science]. Pertaining to rhinology. Rhonchial [rong'-ke-al) \_l>oyx6c, a snoring].
Rhinologist [ri-no/'-o-Jist) [p/f, nose ; ?0}of, Relating to or produced by a rhonchus, as R.
science]. A
specialist in the treatment of fremitus.
diseases of th^ nose. Rhonchus {rong'-kns) \_poyx^?i snore]. A
Rhinology [i-i-nol' -o-je) [/x'f ,
nose ;
J.(n oq, rattling sound produced in the throat or
science]. The science of the anatomy, func- bronchial tubes during respiration. See
tions, and diseases of the nose. Jâle.
Rhinometer {ri-notii' -et-e?-) [/)/c, nose; û- Rhotacism [ro^ tas izm) - -
\_po,
the letter r].
rpoi', measure]. An instrument for measur- The use of the r sound place of other
in
hig the nose. speech-sounds ;

the too-strong utterance of
Rhinophyma i^ri-no-fi'-mah') [/'"C, nose; the letter r.
0VIHI, tumor]. A form of acne rosacea of the Rhubarb {i-ti'-barb') \\^., Rheu)n'\. A genus
nose characterized by a marked hypertrophy of plants of the order Polygonaceae. The
of the blood-vessels and the connective tissue, bark of Rheum ofiicinale, or Rheum palm-
producing a lobulated appearance of the atum (Rheum, U. S. P., Rhei radix, B.
nose. P.), contains chrysophanic acid, tannic acid
Rhinoplasty {/!'-no-J>/as-A-)\_p!g, nose; rr'Aaa- (rheotannic acid), and several coloring prin-
aeiv, to molil]. Aoperation upon
plastic ciples, and is used as a laxative, stomachic,
the nose. R., Indian. See Operation, In- and astringent. Its chief uses are in dyspep-
dian, \x\
Operations, Table of R., Tagliaco- . sia with constipation, in the diarrhea of chil-
tian. See Operation, Tagliacotian, in Opera- dren, and in the beginning of bilious fevers.
tions, Table of. Dose gr. v-xxx (0.32-2.0). Preparations and
Rhinopolypus [ri-nofol'-ip-us) [/j(f,
nose ;
doses: Extractum rhei (U. S. P., B. P.),gr.
pol\pus\ Polypus of the nose. x-xv (0.65-1.0). Extractum rhei fluidum
Rhinorrhagia [ri-nor-a^-je-ah) [/^/f,
nose ; (U. S. P.), rtLx-xxx (0.65-2.0). Infusum
p?/}rr7'o;, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from rhei (B. P.), f,|j-ij (32.0-64.0). Mistura
the nose. rhei et sodse (U. S. P.), f^ss-j (2.0-4.0).
Rhinoscleroma [ri -no-skle -
ro'-inah') [/j/f, Pilulre rhei (U. S. P.), each of which con-
nose; GK7r,poc, hard; him, tumor]. A new tains gr. iij (0.20) of rhubarb. Pilula; rhei com-
growth of almost stony hardness, affecting posite (U. S. P.), Pilula rhei composita (B.
the anterior nares and adjacent parts. The P.), contain rhubarb and aloes. Dose 2-4
disease commences in the mucous membrane pills. Pulvis rhei compositus (U. S. P., B.
of the anterior nares and adjoining skin, the P.), Gregory's powder, ^ss-j (2.0-4.0).
lesions consisting of flat, isolated, or coales- Syrupus rhei (U. S. P., B. P.), f^j (4.0).
cent nodules. The cause is thought to be a Syrupus rhei aromaticus (U. S. P.), f j (4.0). ::;
bacillus. Both of the foregoing are used chiefly for

Rhinoscope (ri'-no-skop^ [p/c, nose onmrnv, ; children, in the doses given. Tinctura rhei
to observe]. An instrument for examination (U. S. P., B. P.), f^j-ij (4.0-8.0). Tinctura
of the cavities of the nose. rhei aromatica (U. S. P.),f.:5ss-j (2.0-4.0).
Rhinoscopy [i-i-nos'-ko-pc) [/>/<:, nose ; cko- Tinctura rhei dulcis (U. S. P.), f,^j-iij (4-0-
ndi', to observe]. Examination of the nasal 12.0). Vinum rhei (B. P.), f^j- iv
(4.0-
fossie by means of the rhinoscope ; that of the 16.0).
anterior nares is termed anterior R. ;
that of Rhus (;7«) \_povi;, sumac, gen., rhois'\. A
the posterior nares, posterior R. genus of shrubs or small trees of the order
Rhizome {ri'-zoni) [/w'Crt, root]. A subter- Anacardiex'. The berries of R. glabra, or
ranean stem, having roots at its nodes and a sumach (R. glabra, U. S. P.), are used as an
l)ud or shoot at its apex. astringent in inflammations of the mouth and
Rhodophan [ro'-do-faii)\fii>ôv, rose; (l>ai'T/g, throat, in the form of a decoction or the
appearing]. A red pigment found in the official Extractum rhois glabrae fluidum. R.
retinal cones. toxicodendron, the poison-ivy, is a jiowerful
Rhodopsin [ro-dp' sin) [/wffci', rose ; tji/',
irritant and jiroduces in susceptible persons a
eye]. The visual purple contained in tlie violent dermatitis with vesicles and intense
retinal rods. itching (ivy-poisoning). Tlie active agent
Rhoeados 'P&Xa.\a.[re^-a-dos pet^-a-lah), Rhce- seems be an acid called toxicodendric acid.
to
as [re' -as). See under Poppy. In overdoses taken internally it acts as a
Rhomboid (rom' -bold) \ftrtu\irir^, a rhomb ;
narcotic poison. It has been cmjiloyed in
eiJof, resemblance]. Having a shape simi- chronic rlieumatism and in incontinence of

RHYTIDOSIS RONTOGRAPHY
R. venenata, swamp-sumach, is also meatus, avoiding all contact with the head or
urine.
ear. If the patient is then able to hear the
l)oisonous.
a wrinkle]. sound of the tuning-fcrk once more, it indi-
Rhytidosis [rit-iJ-o'-sis) [pvTig,
A cates that the conduc'.ion through the air is
wrinkling.
better than through bone.
Rib. One of the 24 long, flat, curved bones
th'j
Riolan's Muscle The

forming the wall of the thorax. R., False, {re'-o-laiiz). ciliary
one of the five lower ribs not attached to the portion of the orbicularis palpebrarum.
sternum directly. R., Floating, one of the Risorius ( ri-zo'-re-ns) [ridere, to laugh].
lasttwo ribs which have one end free. R., Laughing. R. Muscle. See Muscles, Table
True, one of the seven upper ribs that are of.
attached to the sternum. Risus in'-zus') [L.].
A grin or laugh. R.
Rice {ris). The Oryza sativa, a plant of the sardonicus, the sardonic grin, a peculiar
Graminere ; also its seed. R. is used as a grinning distortion of the face produced by
food, as a demulcent, and, in the form of rice- spasm of the muscles about the moutli, seen
in tetanus.
water, as a drink in fevers.
Rice-water Evacuations. The name given Ritter's, or Ritter-Valli's Law. The law
to thebowel-discharges in cholera. that if a nerve is separated from its center, the
Richter's Hernia. See Diseases, Table of. irritability is at first increased, the primary in-
Ricin {ris'-iii) \_ricinus, castor-oil].

A crease as well as the subsequent decrease of
poisonous proteid found in the castor-oil irritability traveling from the central to the
bean. peripheral end.
Ricinin [ris'-in-in) [^riciiius, castor-oil].
A Rivini, or Rivinus, Ducts of. The excretory
from ducts of the sublingual gland.
poisonous crystalline substance obtained
castor-oil. Rivolta's Disease. Synonym of Actinomy-
Ricinus {ris'-in-iis) [L.,
a tick, from the re- cosis.
semblance of the seed to that insect] The . Rob. A confection made of fruit-juice, espe-
R. communis, or castor-oil plant, a plant or cially of that of the mulberry.
tree of the order Euphorbiacese. The fixed Roberts' Test. For glucose in the urine.
oil expressed from its seeds is theOleum See Fermentation-test. Every degree of spe-
ricini or castor-oil of the pharmacopeia, and cific gravity lost corresponds to 0.23 per cent,
is used as a cathartic in constipation, colic, of glucose.

and irritative diarrheas. Dose f_^ ss (16.0). Robertson's Pupil. See Pupil, Argyll
Rickets [rik'-ets) [/JaA''f. spine]. See Robertson's.
Rachitis. Roborant [ro'-bo-rant) [_robur, an oak].
Rider's Bone. An osseous formation in the Tonic, strengthening.
adductor muscles of the leg, from long-con- Roccella {ro^-sel'-a//). genus of plants of A
tinued pressure of the leg against the saddle. the Roccellea;. R.tinctoria. the litmus-plant.
Rigidity [ri;-id^-i(-e) \_rigidus, stiff]. Stiff- Rochelle Salt {ro-shel'). Potassium and
ness; immobility. R., Cadaveric, rigor sodium tartrate.
mortis. R., Postmortem-, rigor mortis. Rock-oil. See Petroleum.
Rigor {ri'-goi-) from rigetr, to be
\_rigo7-, Rodent Ulcer. Jacob's Ulcer noli me tan- ;
cold]. Chill. R. mortis, the muscular gere a superficial ulceration of the skin,
;
rigidity that occurs a short time after death, occurring usually in the eyelid or the side of
due to chemic changes resulting in coagula- the nose, and frequently persisting for years;
tion of the muscle-plasma and the develop- it is a form of
epithelioma.
ment of an acid reaction. Rods and Cones, Rod-and-Cone Layer,
Rima [ri'-viah). A
chink. R. glottidis, See Retina.
the cleft between the true vocal bands the ;
Rolandic {j-o-lan'-dili). Described by Ro-
glottis. lando, as, e.
g. ,
the R. fissure.
Rimula {rim'-u-lah) [dim. of ;•/;««, a chink]. Roller-bandage. A bandage made into a
A small cleft or fissure, especially of the cylindric roll.
spinal cord or the cerebellum. Romberg's Sign or Symptom. The in-
Ring-worm. Tinea trichophytina, a conta- creased incoordination of movement in loco-

gious disease of the skin due to a vege- motor ataxia caused by placing the feet in
table parasite, the trichophyton. See Tinea. juxtaposition and closing the eyes. It is also
Rinne's Test (rin'-nez). A test to determine called the Brach- Romberg symptom.
[rdng-z/iur). A strong pair
the condition of the various parts of the ear,
Rongeur-forceps
performed by applying a vibrating tuning-fork of forceps for breaking off pieces of bone,
first over the mastoid
process, leaving it there especially in enlarging a trephine-opening.
until the patient seems no
longer to hear the Rontgen Rays. See X-rays.
sound, and then as quickly as possible bring- Rbntography [roen-tog'-ra-fe). See Skicf
ing it immediately in front of the external graphy.
ROOT RUBEOLA
Root [Icel., rot, root]. I. The descending Rosmarinus (roz -
ma -
ri' -
tins').
See Rose-
axis of a plant. 2. The
part of an organ em- tnary.
bedded in the tissues, as, ,
the R. of a tooth.
<'.î,'-.
Rosolic Acid [ro-zol^-ik), C^^HjgOj. A
R. of a nerve, one of two bundles of nerve- substance used as a test for acids and alka-
fibers, the anterior and posterior roots, joining lies. Acids decolorize it ;
with alkalies it
to form a nerve trunk. R. -sheath, the epi- gives a red color.

theHum of the hair-follicle. R.-zone, a name Rostellum [ros-tel' -uvi') [dim. of rostrum, a
given to the column of Burdach of the spinal beak]. Alittle beak, especially the hook-
cord. bearing portion of the head of certain worms.

Rosa {ro'-zah) [L.]. See Rose. Rostrum [ros^ -trum) [L.]. A beak; a pro-
Rosacea {ro-za' -se-ah) . See Acne rosacea. jection or ridge, as the R. of the sphenoid
Rosanilin {i-o-zan'-il-iti)\_rosa,xo'ie^\ aniliu'],
bone or of the corpus callosum.
C^qW-^^'HÔ. a
colorless, crystalline deriva- Rot [AS., /-(?/'/<?;?, to rot]. Decay. R., Po-
tive of anilin. R. hydrochlorid or R. acetate tato-. See Mildew.
is the red dye fuchsin. Rotary [ro'-ta-re) \j-otare, to turn, from rota,
Rosary, Rachitic. See Rachitis. wheel]. Producing or characterized by ro-
Rose (;w)[/)oc5oi',
from Arab. ti/ara', a rose].
,
tation.
A genus of plants of the order Rosaceae. Rotation {ro-ta'-sJuai) \j-otare, to turn, from
The petals of the Pale Rose (Rosa centi- rota, wheel]. The act of turning about an
folia,U. S. P., Rosse centifolire petala, B. P.) axis passing through the center of a body, as,
are used in the preparation of R. -water e.g., R. of the eye, R. of the arm.
(Aqua rosse fortior, U. S. P. and Aquarosw, ,
Rotator (j-o-ta'-tor) \_rotare, to turn]. Any-
U. S. P., B. P.) and cold cream (Unguentum thing, especially a muscle, that produces rota-
aquae rosse, U. S. P.). The petals of the tion.
Red Rose (Rosa gallica, U. S. P., Rosae Rotheln {nv'-teln). See Rubella.
gallicK petala, B. P.) are slightly astringent Rottlera {i-ot-le'-rali). See Kninala.
and tonic, but are chiefly employed as a vehicle. Rotula [rot^-u-lah) [dim. of rota, wheel].
From them are prepared Confectio rosce (U. The patella.
S. P.); Confectio rosa; gallicre (B. P.); Ex- Rouleau [roo-lo) [Fr. ; pi. rouleaux]. A
tractum rosa; fluidum (U. S. P.), used as an roll,especially a roll of red blood-corpuscles
astringent and vehicle, dose f^j^'j (4-0— resembling a roll of coins.
8.o)i Pilulffi aloes et mastiches, Lady Web- Round Ligament, i. One of the ligaments
ster's dinner pill, used as a laxative. The of the uterus, passing through the inguinal
fruit of the Dog-Rose (Rosos caninie fructus, canal. 2. One of the ligaments of the liver,
B. P.) is used in Europe as a vehicle. From lying in the longitudinal fissure. One of
Rosa damascena is
prepared Oleum rosa; (U. the ligaments of the hip joint
3.
ligamentum
—
S. P.), attar or otto of rose, employed as a teres.
perfume and flavoring agent. R.-cold, hay- Round Worm. The Ascaris.
fever, so-called because believed to be due to Rubber [rub'-er). Caoutchouc, india-rubber.
exhalations from the rose. R.-dam, a sheet of rubber used to confine
Rosemary [roz'-ma-re') \_rosiiiariiiHS, marine the flow of secretions or of discharges from a
dew from )-os, dew ntarimis, marine]. Ihe
; ;
wound.
Rosmarinus officinalis, a plant of the or- "RnhefacienX [ru-be-fa^ -scent) [ruber, red;
der LabiatK, yielding a volatile oil (Oleum I. Causing redness of the
facere, to make].
rosmarini, U. S. P., B. P.), used as a stimu- skin. 2. An agent that causes redness of
lant and in rubefacient liniments. Dose the skin.
TTLiij-vj (0.20-0.39). From it is prepared Rubella {ru-bel'-ah) [dim. oi rubeola'^. Epi-
spirit of R. (Spiritus rosmarini, B. P.), used demic roseola German measles
;
French ;
as a perfume and in liniments. measles; Rotheln (G.). An acute contagious

Rosenmiiller's Body or Organ. The paro- eruptive disease, of short duration and mild
varium. character. After a period of incubation
Roseola [ro-ze'-c-lah') \_roseus, rosy). i. varying from one to three weeks, the disease
Rose-rash, a name given
any rose-colored to sets in abruptly with pains in the limbs, sore
eruption. 2. Rttbella.
Synonym R. of throat, and slight fever. The erujition ap-
cholerica, an eruption sometimes appearing pears at the end of the first day, and consists
in cholera. R., Syphilitic, an eruption of of red papules, and disa]ipears usually with-
rose-colored spots appearing early in second- out desquamation in about three days. The
ary syphilis. R. typhosa, the eruption of disease is associated with enlargement of the
ty[)hoid or typhus fever. R. vaccina, a superficial cervical and posterior auricular
general rose-colored eruption sometimes oc- glands. See Exanthemata, Table of.
curring during vaccinia Rubeola {ru-be'-o-lah) \_rubeus, red]. See
Rosin (roz'-in) \resina'\. Colophony. Aleasles.
RUBIA SACCHARIMETER
Rubia The R. tinctorum or which the food is returned to the mouth for
{ni'-be-ak).
madder, containing the coloring prin- remastication.
dyers'
ciples alizarin (C,^HgO^) and purpurin (Cj^- Rumex [rii'-nieks) [L.]. Yellow dock, a
lIjÔ-). R. is used as a dye. genus of plants of the order PolygonaceK.
Rubigo {nt-bi'-go) [L.]. Rust. The root of R. crispus (Ivumex, U. S. P.)
Rubus {ru'-bus) [L.]. Blackberry. A is astringent and tonic, and has been em-
genus of plants of the order
Rosaceas. The ployed externally and internally in various
bark of the root of R. canadensis, R. vil- diseases of the skin. Extractum rumicis
losus, and R. trivialis is the R. of the U. fluidum (U. S. P.). Dose fgj (4.0).
S. P., and is used as an astringent tonic in Rumination {f-u-min-a' -shun) \_rui)tinare,
diarrhea. Dose gr. xx-.\.\x (1.3-2.0). Ex- to chew cud]. See Moycismiis.
tractura rubi fluidum (U. S. P.). Dose Rump [Icel., j-ui/ipe, rumpj. The region
Syrupus rubi. Dose near the end of the backbone the buttocks.
f^ss-j (2.0-4.0). ;
f.^j-'j(4-O-8.0). The fruit of R. idseus Rupia (j-u'-pe-aJi) [,ot'-of, filth]. A form of

is used eruption occurring especially in tertiary syph-
(R. idûs, U. S. P.), the raspberry,
to prepare Syrupus rubi idiei, which is used ilis, and characterized by the formation of
as a tonic. large, dirty-brown, stratified, conic crusts.
Ructus {nik'-tHs) [L.]. A belching of gas Rupial [ru'-pe-al) \_pvwoq, filth]. Resem-
from the stomach. bling or characterized by rupia.
Rue [ru) [pi'ry, rue]. The Ruta graveolens, Rupture {ntp^-tur) \_riunpere, to break]. I.
a plant of the order Rutacece, yielding an oil A forcible tearing of a part, as, e.g. R. of the ,
(Oleum rutie, B. P.), which is a local irritant uterus, R. of the bladder. 2. Hernia.
and has been employed in amenorrhea and Rust [AS., rust, rust]. I. The oxid and
menorrhagia. Dose Tt\îj-v (o. 13-0.32). hydroxid of iron formed on the surface of
Ruga {7-11' -gah) [L.]. A fold or ridge. iron exposed to the air. 2. disease com- A
Rugose (r//'-.i,w) \ruga, a fold]. Charac- mon on cereals, causing rust-like masses to
terized by folds. break out on the tissues of the plant.
Rugosity [rn-gos'-it-e) \_niga, fold]. A con- Ruta {ru'--tah) [L.]. See Rue.
dition of being in folds. Rutting {rut'ing) [ME., rut, rut]. The
Rugous [rit'-gus). See Rugose. period of sexual excitement in female ani-
Rum [Malay, brain, rum]. A spirit obtained mals coincident with the rupture of ovisacs.
from the molasses of the sugar-cane by fer- Ruysch, Membrane of. See Membrane.
mentation and distillation. Rye [AS., ryga rye].
(;v) The Secale ce-,
Rumen {ni'-nieti) [L.]. The

stomach first realeand its grain." The grain is used in the
of ruminants, also called the paunch, from manufacture of bread. See Graniinacece.
S. I. The symbol of
sulphur. 2. An abbre- Sabulous sab^ - u -
lus sabulum, sand .
( ) [ ]
viation for sinister, left ; in
prescriptions, for Gritty sandy.
;
signa, sign. Saccate, or Saccated [sak'-af, sak'-a-teiP,

S. romanum. Thesigmoid flexureof the colon.
[saccus, a sac]. Sac-shaped contained in a ;
Sabadilla {sab-ad-il'-ah). Cevadilla, the sac ; encysted.

Schcenocaulon officinale (Asagra?a officin- Saccharated s<7k' - ar -a ted )
-
aciKxnpov,
( [
alis),a plant of the order Melanthacea;, con-
sugar]. Containing sugar.
taining the alkaloids veratrin, sabadin, and Saccharification [sak-ar-if-ik-a'-shun) [ffd/c-
sabadinin. S. is an emetocathartic, and was The
Xapov, sugar; facere, to make]. act
formerly used as a teniacide and to destroy of converting into sugar.
vermin in the hair. Its chief value is as a Saccharimeter [sak-ar-im'-et-e;-] [aaKxnpov,
source of veratrin. It is official in the B. P. An
sugar ; fiirpov, measure]. apparatus
Sabbatia {sab-a' -she-ah) [after Liberatus for determining the amount of sugar in
Sabbati, an Italian botanist]. A genus of solutions, the form of a hydro-
either in
the order of Gentianacaea. S. angularis is meter, which indicates the strength in sugar
the American
centaury. by the specific gravity of the solution or of ;
Sabina (sa-bi^-nah) [L.]. See Savine. a polarimeter, which indicates the strength in
SACCHARIN SAFFRON
sugar by the number of degrees of rotation Sacral [sa'-kraf) \_sacruw, sacrum]. Per-
of the plane of polarization. taining to the sacrum.
Saccharin i^sak^-iir-in) [aaKxapov, sugar], Sacra media [sa'-krah me'-de-ah) \_arteria
CJI5SO3N. A crystalline substance nearly understood]. The artery running down the
280 times sweeter than cane-sugar, and used middle of the anterior surface of the sacrum
as a substitute for the latter in diabetes. It and representing the termination of the
is also employed as an antiseptic. aorta.
Saccharine [snk'-a>--in) \_aa.iixnpov, sugar]. Sacro- (sa'-kro-) \sacrian, sacrum]. A pre-
Containing sugar sugary ; ;
as sweet as sugar. fix denoting relation to the sacrum.
Saccharometer (sak -ar - om'-et-er) \aaKX(t- Sacroanterior {sa-kro-an-te' -re-or) \_sacrur7t,
pov, sugar; fxtTpov, measure]. See Sac- sacrum; anterior~\. Of the fetus, having the
charinn-ter. sacrum directed anteriorly.
Saccharornyces {sak-ar-o-nii'-sez) [^naKxa- Sacrococcygeal (sa-ki-o-kok-sij' -e-al) \_sa-
poT',sugar; ////iz/f, fungus]. A genus of uni- criiin,sacrum kSkkt'^, coccyx].
; Pertaining
cellular vegetable organisms of which the to the sacrum and the coccyx.
yeast-[)lant is a common e.xample. Sacrocoxitis {sa-kro-koks-i' -tis). See Sacro-
Saccharose [snk^-ar-ds) [aoKxnpov, sugar], iliac Disease.
CjjHjjOjj. I. A
crystalline carbohydrate, Sacroiliac [sa-kro-iF -e-ak) [sacrum, sacrum ;
cane-sugar, occurring in the juice of many z7//////, ilium]. Pertaining to the sacrum and
plants, chiefly in sugar-cane, in some varieties the ilium. S. Disease, an inflammation,
of maple, and in beet-roots it melts at 160° ; usually tuberculous, of the sacroiliac joint,
C. at 190-200° C. it changes into a brown
;
characterized by pain, tenderness, and swell-
noncrystallizable mass called caramel, used ing, and elongation of the limb.
It is not directly fennen- Sacrolumbalis {sa kro lum ba'-lis) See
- - -
in coloring liquids. .
table, and does not reduce alkaline copper- Muscles, Table of.
solutions. 2. Any one of a group of carbo- Sacrolumbar {sa-kro-lum' -bar) [sacrutn, sa-
hydrates isomeric with cane-sugar. crum; /u»ibus,\o\r\'\. Pertaining to the sa-
Saccharum [sak'-ar-icin) [aaKxapov, sugar]. crum and the loins. S. Angle, the angle
Sugar. The S. of the pharmacopeia (Saccha- formed by the articulation of the sacrum and
rum, U. S. P., S. purificatum, B. P.) is the last lumbar vertebra.
cane-sugar. See Saicliarose, first definition. Sacroposterior [sa-kro-posf-e' -re-or) \_sacrum,
S. lactis, milk-sugar. sacrum; posterior'^. Of the fetus, having
Sacciform {sak'-sif-onn) \_saccHS, a pouch ; the sacrum directed backward.
fo}'ina, form]. Resembling a sac. Sacrosciatic {sa-kro-si-ai'-ik) [sacrum, sa-
Saccular {sak'-u-lar) {^saccus, sac]. Sac- crum scia/ir'\. Pertaining to the sacrum
;
shaped, as, e.
g. ,
a. S. aneurysm. and the ischium, as the S. notch, S. liga-
Sacculated [sak'- u - la -
ted) \_sacciis, sac]. ments.
Divided into small sacs. Sacrouterine [sa-kro-u' -ter-in) \jacru7ii, sa-
Sacculation [sai'-ie-Za'-s/iitn) l^satrus, sac]. crum uterus, uterus].
; Pertaining to the
I. The state of
being sacculated. 2. The sacrum and the uterus.
formation of small sacs. Sacrovertebral [sa-kro-ver'-tc--bral)[sacrum;
Saccule [sak'-ul) [saccztlus, dim. of sac, a vrrtebra, vertebra]. Pertaining to the sacrum
sac]. I. A small sac. 2. See Saccidus, and the vertebrae.
second definition. Sacrum [sa'
-
krum) [sacer, sacred ; os,
Sacculus [dim. saccus, sac].
[sak'-ii-his) I. bone, understood]. A curved triangular bone
A small sac. 2. The
smaller of two vesti- composed of five united vertebra;, situated be-
bular sacs of the membranous labyrinth of tween the last lumbar vertebra above, the
the ear. S. laryngis, the laryngeal pouch coccyx below, and the two ossa innominata on
between the superior vocal bands and the in- either side, and forming the posterior bound-
ner surface of the thyroid cartilage. ary of the pelvis.
Saccus {sak' -us) [L.]. sac. S. endo- A Saddle-joint. An articulation in which
lymphaticus. A small sac contained in the each surface is concave in one direction and
aqueduct of the vestibule and serving to es- convex in the other.
taiilish a communication between the endo- Saddle-nose. A nose of which the bridge is
lymph and the subdural space. sunken in.
Sachse's Test. A test for sugar in the urine, Saemisch's Ulcer [sa'-mish). A
serpiginous
consisting in the reduction of the test-solu- ulcer of the cornea. See Diseases, Table of.
tion, a solution of mercuric iodid, potas- Saeptum [sep'-tum). See Septum.
sium iodid, and potassium hydrate. It is Saffron [saf'-ron) [Arab., zafaran, saffron].
generally employed as a quantitative test. The Crocus sativus, a plant of the order
Sacrad [sa'-krad) \_sacrum, the sacrum; Irideoe. Its stigmas (Crocus, U. S. P., 1>. P.)
ad, to]. Toward the sacrum. contain a glucosid, coloring matter (crocin),
SAFRANIN SALIRETIN
Salamandarin {sal a man'- dar in). See
- - -
and a bitter principle. S. is used as a color-
ing and flavoring agent,

and in the form of a Leukomains, Table of.
tea to bring out the eruption of the exanthem- Salep [sal'-ep) \_kr2\i., sahleb, salep\. The
atous tliseases. dried tubers of various species of the genus
'
Safranin [snf -ra-nin) \yx.,safran, saffron], Orchis and the genus Eulophia. S. is used
A coal-tar dye used in micros- as a food, like sago and tapioca.

CisHigN^.
It Saleratus See Sal aeratus.
copy, especially in studying karyokinesis. [sal-er-a' -tus).
is a powerful cardiac and respiratory poison. Salicin willow], CjjHjgO,.
(.ftT/'-w-Zw) \salix,
Safrene {saf'-r'en) \_Yx.,safran, saffron], Cj^-
A crystalline glucosid found in the bark
A hydrocarbon obtained from sassa-
and leaves of the willow. S. (Salicinum,
H,g.
fras. U. S. P., B. P.) is used as a substitute for
Safrol (saf'-rol) \Yx.,safran, saffron oleum, ; salicylic acid, in doses of gr. xx-xxx (13-
oil], C,(,H,o02.
The stearoptene of the oil 2.0).
- -
of sassafras, used in headache, neuralgia, Salicylage {saF- is il aj \salix, willow].
)
and subacute rheumatism. Dose n\,x-xx The addition of salicylic acid to foods for
their preservation.
(0.65-1.3).
Sagapenum [sai^-a-pe'-ntini). A
fetid gum- Salicylamid (sal-is-iF -am-id)\jalix, willow ;
resin, believed to be the concrete juice of amid'\, C5H^(OH) CONH.^. tasteless A

Ferula persica. Its properties resemble those com[)ound produced by treating methyl sal-
of asafetida and galbanum. icylate with an alcoholic solution of am-
Sage {sdj) The Salvia officinalis,
\_salvia\ monia, and used as a substitute for salicylic
a order Labiatse.
of the Its leaves acid.
plant
(Salvia, U. S. P.)
contain several terpenes, Salicylate {sal-is' -il-at) \_salir, willow]. A
an oil, salviol, C,QFI,gO,and camphor. S. is salt of salicylic acid. The salicylates of
tonic, astringent, and aromatic, and is used lithium, methyl, and sodium, which are offi-
in dyspepsia. It was formerly employed in cial,and those of ammonium and strontium,
colliquative sweats. Dose gr. xx-xxx (1.3- which are unofficial, are used in rheumatism,
2.0). in doses of gr. x-xv (0.65-I.0). Bismuth
Sagittal [saj^-it-al) [sagitta, an arrow]. I. S. is employed as an intestinal antiseptic ;
Arrow-like, as the S. suture of the skull. naphtol S. is betol ; phenyl S. is salol.

2. Pertaining to the anteroposterior median Salicylated {sal-is' -il-a-ted) \_salix, willow].
plane of the body. S. Nucleus, the nu- Impregnated with salicylic acid.
cleus of the oculomotor nerve. Salicylic Acid {sal-is-il'-ik). See Acid,
Sago [sa^-go) [Malay, sdgit, sago]. The Salicylic.
starch obtained from the sago-palms, used Salicyluric Acid {sal-is-il-tt'-rik) [salix,
wil-
as a food and demulcent. S. -spleen, a spleen low ;
!iric'\.
A compound of glycol and
presenting on section the appearance of sago- salicylic acid found in the urine after the
grains, as a result of amyloid degeneration administration of salicylic acid.
of the Malpighian bodies. Salifiable {sal-if-i'-a-bl) \^sal, salt /?£;-/, to ;
Saigon Cinnamon. A
variety of cinnamon become]. Forming a salt by union with an
obtained from Saigon, the capital of I'Vench acid.
Cochin China. Saligenin {sal-ij'-en-in) [^salix, willow yev- ;
Saint Anthony's Fire. Er}'sipelas anthrax. ; vav, to produce], C^HgO.^. Orthooxybenzyl-

Saint Gothard's Disease. Ankylostomiasis. alcohol, a substance obtained from salicin by
Saint Hubert's Disease. Hydrophobia. boiling with dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric
Saint Ignatius' Bean. See Ignatia. acid.
Saint Vitus' Dance. Chorea. Salimeter {sal-i/n'-ef-er) [sal, salt /lirpov,
;
Sal \^sal, salt]. I. Salt. 2. Any substance measure]. An hydrometer for ascertaining
resembling salt. S. aeratus, sodium bicar- the strength of saline solutions.
bonate. S. alembroth. See Alenibroth. Ssiline {sa'-len or sa'-lin)[sal, sn\i'\. I. Sally;
S. ammoniac, ammonium chlorid. S. containing salt or substances resembling salt.
communis, common salt. S. de duobus, S. Solution, a 0.6 per cent, solution of
potassium sulphate. S. Glauberi, sodium sodium chlorid normal S. solution. 2.
;
A
suljihate.S. kissingense, a salt obtained salt of an alkali or alkaline earth.
from the mineral springs of Kissingen, in Salipyrin {sa-lip'-ir-in, sal-e-pi' -rin\ \jalix,
Bavaria. S. seignetti, potassium and sodium willow; -!Y),fire],C„n,.,N20.C7Hg03. Sal-
tartrate. S. sodae, crystallized sodium car- icylate of antipyrin, consisting of 57.7 parts
bonate. S. volatilis, ammonium carbonate. of salicylic acid and 42.3 parts of antipyrin ;
Salaam Convulsion {sa-lahin')y\.\2^., salm, it is soluble in water, and is used in rheum-
saluting]. A
clonic spasm of the muscles atism, neuralgia, and as an antipyretic.
of the trunk, producing a
bowing movement ; Dose gr. xv-xxx (1.0—2.0).
it is
usually due to hysteria. Saliretin {sal-e-ret'-in) [salix, willow ; pTjT-
SALIVA SALT
ivr], resin], Cj^HjÔ.,. An amorphous resin- Salpingo-oophoritis {sal-ping-go-o-o-for-i'
-
ous body, produced by treating saligenin tis)\aaKiTi\i,, tube ; tioi', egg ;

bearing
(popof, ;
with acids. /r/f,inflammation]. Inflammation of the

SaXiva. [sa-li^-t'ii/i) [L.]. The mixed secretion Fallopian tube and the ovary.
of the parotid, suljmaxiUary, suliHiigual, and Salpingostaphylinus {sal-ping-go-staf-il-i'-
mucous glands of tlie mouth. It is opalescent, nus) [(TU/^7r(yf, tube; craîi/?/, uvula]. The
tasteless, alkaline, and has a specific gravity of abductor muscle of the Eustachian tube. S.
from I004-I009,and contains serum-albumin, internus. Synonym of Levator palati. See
globulin, mucin, urea, an amylolytic ferment Alusiies, Table of.
called ptyalin, and a proteolytic and a lipo- Salpingostomy {sal-pitig-gos' -lo-vic) \pd7.-
lytic ferment ;
also, salts, among which is TT/j-f, tube ; (Tro//ri, mouth]. The operation
potassium sulphocyanid, derived especially of making an artificial fistula between a Fal-
from the parotid gland. Among formed ele- lopian tube and the body-surface.
ments are epithelial cells, salivary corpuscles, Salpingotomy [sal-piiig-got'-o-tiie) \_aaA~iy^^
and bacteria. The functions of saliva are to tube; Toiuj, a cutting]. The operation of
moisten the food and lubricate the bolus, to cutting into a Fallopian tube.
dissolve certain substances, to facilitate Salt [.w/, salt]. I. Sodium chlorid. 2. Any
tasting, to aid in desrlutition and articula- compound of abase and an acid. S., Acid,
tion, and to digest starches, which it converts a salt formed from a dibasic orpolybasic acid
into maltose, dextrin, and glucose. in which only a part of the replaceable
Salivary saliva]
(,f(?/^-/7'-(7-;-<?)
Per-
[j-^/Z/Vw,
.
hydrogen-atoms has been replaced by the
taining to or producing saliva formed from ;
base. S., Basic, a S. containing an excess
saliva. S. Calculus, a calcareous concretion of the basic element, and formed by the union
found in the salivary ducts. of a normal salt with a basic oxid orhydroxid.
Salivate [sal' -iv-at) \_salivare, to spit out]. S., Bay-, sodium chlorid also the sea-salt ;
To cause an excessive discharge of saliva. obtained by the evaporation of sea -water by

Salivation [sal-iv-a' -shun) \jaliva, saliva]. solar heat. S., Common, sodium chlorid.
An excessive secretion of saliva a condi- ; Diuretic, potassium acetate. S., Double,
S.,
tion produced by mercury, pilocarpin, and by one in which the hydrogen atoms of an acid
nervous disturbances. are replaced by two metals. S., Epsom-,
Salix (5«^-//i5) [L.]. See Willow. magnesium sulphate. S.-frog, a frog from
Salol (sal'-ol') \jalix, willow], €,311,1,03. whose vascular system all blood has been
Phenyl salicylate a white crystalline sub-
; artificially removed and replaced by normal
stance, used as an intestinal and urinary anti- salt-solution it is also known as Cohnheim's
;
septic, and as a substitute for salicylic acid. frog. Glauber's, sodium sulphate. S.,
S.,
It is decomposed in the intestines into sali- Halogen, S., Haloid, any salt of the halo-
cylic acid and phenol. Dose gr. v-xv (0.32— gen-elements, bromin, chlorin, fluorin, and
i.o). iodin. S., Monsers,subsulphate of iron, used
Salophen [sal' -ffii) [^salix, willow], Cg- chiefly in solution as a styptic. S., Neutral,
H,.OH.CO,.CgH,.NH (€,113(3) = €,,11,3- one formed by the replacement of all the
NO^. Acetylparamidophenyl salicylate, a hydrogen-atoms of an acid by a base or a
crystalline substance containing fifty per cent, radicle. S., Normal. Synonym of S.,
of salicylic acid, and used as a substitute for Nêuii'al. S. -rheum, chronic eczema. S.,
the latter, and as an intestinal antiseptic. Rochelle-, sodium and jiotassium tartrate.
Dose gr. xv (l.o). S., Rock-, native sodium chlorid. occurring in
Salpingectomy [sal-pin-jek' -to-7ne) \pak-Kiy^, crystalline masses. S., Sea-, the sodium chlo-
tube ; iKTOjii], excision]. Excision of the rid obtained by the evaporation of sea-water.
Fallopian tube. S., Smelling, any pungent, irritant salt which
Salpingitic [sal-ping-Jit'-ik] [c7d/l7r/}f, tube ; when inhaled usually acts reflexly as a respi-
iTiq, inflammation]. Pertaining to or af- ratory or circulatory stimulant. Ammonium
fected with saljjingitis. carbonate is generally used. S. -solution, a
Salpingitis {sal-ping-ji' -tis) \_aaX'!XLy^, tube ; solution of sodium chlorid in distilled water.
<rif, inflammation]. i. Inflammation of the One containing from 0.6 to 0.75 per cent, of
Fallopian tube. 2. Inflammation of the sodium chlorid is known as a nornial ot p/iysi-
Eustachian tulje. a.i\>\ is used in
olpgic salt-solution, physiologic
Salpingo- (sal-ping' -go-) \_(ja7.-!ny^, tube]. A experiments on living tissues. In medicine, it
prefix denoting relation to the Fallopian or the has been employed to restore to the system
Eustachian tube. the fluids lost by severe hemorrhage or pro-
Salpingo-oophorectomy [sal-ping-go-o-o- fuse diarrheal discharges. The solution is
for-ek' -io-7ne)[aa}>.niy^,{.\xhc; V'^'S^ggi 9"por, introduced into the subcutaneous tissues or
bearing; t«ro//7, excision]. Excision of the into a vein ; sometimes also into the rec-
Fallopian tube and the ovary. tum.
SALTS SANTONICA
Salts. A saline cathartic, especially magnesium canadensis (Sanguinaria, U. S. P.) con-

sodium sulphate, or Rochelle-salt. tains several alkaloids, of which sanguinarin,
siilpliate,
Saltatoric, Saltatory {sal-tat-or'-ik, sal'-tat- C2flH,5N04, is the most important it is ;
to Dancing or leap- emetic and narcotic in large doses an irritant

;
o-re) {sallare, dance].
S. Spasm, a clonic spasm that causes and convulsant. It is used chiefly as an ex-
ing.
the patient to leap or jump when he attempts pectorant in bronchitis. Dose, as an expec-
torant, gr. j-v (0.065-0.32) as an emetic,
to stand. ;
V—X (0.32—0.65). Extractum sanguinariae

Saltpeter {sawlt-pc'-ter) {sal, salt; Khpa, gr.
nitrate. S., Chile-, sodium tluidum (U. S. P.), dose tTL j-x (0.065-0.65);
rock]. Potassium
nitrate.
Tinctuia sanguinarise (U. S. P.), dose ITLxxx-
Salubrious Ix (2.0-4.0).
[sa-hi'-bre-us) {saltis, health].
Healthful. Sanguine (sang'-awin) {sa//gu/s, blood].
Salufer {sal' -n-fer) \jalus,
health ; ferre, to I. Resembling blood bloody. ;
2. Hopeful;
Sodium silicofluorid. active, as S. temperament.
bring].
Salve (jiz//7') [AS., 5tw^, salve]. Ointment. Sanguineous [sang - gwin' -e us) {sanguis,
-
S., Deshler's, compound resin cerate. blood]. Pertaining to the blood; con-
I.
Salvia {sal'-ve-ah) [L.]. See Sage. taining blood. 2. Sanguine. S. Cyst, a

Salzer's Operation. Excision of the whole cyst containing blood-stained fluid.
of the third division of the fifth nerve. Sanguinolent [sang-gtuiii'-o-lcnt) {sanguis,
Sambucus (sam-bu'-ktis) [L.]. Elder; a blood]. Tinged with blood.
shrub or tree of the order Caprifohaceoe. Sanguis [sang' -givis) [!>.]. Blood.
The flowers of S. canadensis (Sambucus, Sanguisuga [sang - g7ui -su'-ga/i) {sanguis,
U. S. P. ,B. P.) and the berries are sudorific ; blood; suge re, to suck]. See Leec/i.
the latter have been used as an alterative in Sanies [sa'-ne-ez) [L.]. A

thin, fetid, green-
rheumatism and syphilis. The inner bark has ish, seropurulent fluid discharged from an
been employed in epilepsy, dropsy, and vari- ulcer, wound, or fistula.
ous chronic diseases. Aqua sambuci (B. P.) Sanious [sa'-ne-us) {sanies'^. Pertaining to
is used as a vehicle. or resembling sanies, as S. pus.
Sanative [san'-a-th') \_sanare, to heal]. Pro- Sanitarium [san -
it- a' -re- uni) {sanitas,
moting health healing.
; health]. Aplace where the conditions are
Sanatorium [sait-at-o'-re-ni>i) \_sanare, to such as especially to promote health a re- ;
heal]. An establishment for the treatment sort for convalescents.

of the sick ; especially a private hospital. Sanitary [san'-it-a-re) {sanitas, health]. Per-
See Sanitariniu. taining to health. S. Science, the science
Sanatory {san'-at-o-i-e). See Sanative. that includes a consideration of all that can
Sand [AS., sand, sand]. An aggregation be done for the prevention of disease and
of fine grains of silicic oxid. S.-bath. i. the promotion of the public health.
A vessel containing dry sand in wliich a sub- Sanitation [san-it-a'-shun) {sanitas, health].
stance requiring a slowly rising or uniform The act of securing a healthful condition ;
temperature may be heated. 2. See Bath. the application of sanitary measures.

Sandalwood, i. Red saunders (Santalum Sanity {san'-it e){sanitas, {rom sanus, sound].
rubrum, U. S. P., Pterocarpi ligni, B. P.), -Soundness of mind.
the wood of Pterocarpus santalinus, of the Santalum [san' -tal-iun'). See Sajtdal-wood
order Leguminosre. It is used as a coloring (2d def.).
agent. 2. The wood of Santalum album, of Santonica [san ton ' ik- ah) {aav7oviK6v,
- -
the order Santalacete, containing a volatile wormwood]. Levant wormsced, the unex-
oil, Oleum santali (U. S. P., B. P.), used panded flower-heads of Artemisia pauci flora
in bronchitis and gonorrhea. Dose TT^xv-xx (U. S. P.), or A. maritima, var. Stechman- ,
(1. 0-1.3). niana (B. P.), of the order Composit?e, the

Sandarac [san'-daf-ak). A white, trans- essential constituent of which is santonin,
parent resin produced by Callitris quadri- CijHjgOj (Santoninum, U. S. P., B. P.).
valvis, a tree of North Africa. It is now Santonin is a neutral crystalline principle,
little used
except as a varnish and incense. producing, in overdoses, xanthopsia, giddi-
Sane {sdtt) \_sanus, whole]. Of sound mind. ness, stupor, at times convulsions, and death
Sanguification (sang-giuif-ik-a' -shiui) {san- from failure of respiration. The urine is col-
guis, blood facere, to make].
; I. The ored yellow. S. and santonin are used as
formation of blood. 2. Conversion into vermicides against tiie lumbricoid worm.
i>lood, as, e. g., the S..of substances absorbed Dose of S. gr. x-xxx (0.65-2.0) of Santo- ;
from the intestinal tract. nin, gr. j-ij (0.065—0. 13) Trochisci santo-
;
Sanguinaria [sang-givin-a' -re-a/i) {sanguis, nini (U. S. P.) contain each about one-half
blood]. RIood-root, a genus of plants of the grain (0.033) santonin Trochisci santonin!
;
order Papaveracere. The rhizome of S. (B. P.) contain each one grain santonin.
SANTONIN SARCOSIN
Sodium santoninate was formerly used as a Sarco- {sar'-ko-) \aap^, flesh]. A prefix
substitute for santonin, but has prtiduced denoting composed of or pertaining to fle.sh.
poisoning. Sarcocele {sar'-ko-sel) [adp^, flesh; Krpj/, a
Santonin [san'-to-nin). See Santonica .
tumor]. Any fleshy swelling of the testicle.
Sarcocystis \sar- ko sis'- tis) [acipf, flesh;
-
Santorini's Cartilage {saJin-to-re'-nez) \_San-
torini, an Italian anatomist]. See Cartilage. KvoTiq, cyst]. A group of the sporozoa. S.
Saphenous {safe'-nns) [aa(f>Tfi'T/^ , manifest]. Miescheri, a parasite feund in pork and beef.
Apparent sujierticial
;
manifest applied to
; ;
Sarcode {sar'- kod) [aap^, flesh]. Proto-
two veins of the lower limb, the internal or plasm.
long S. vein and external or short S. vein, Sarcolactic Acid {sar-ko-lak'-tik). See Acid.
situated just beneath the surface ; also ap- Sarcolemma {sar-ko-lem' -ali) \_aap^, flesh .;
plied to the nerves accompanying these veins. husk].

'/JiLfia, The delicate membrane en-
S. Opening, an opening in the fascia lata at veloping a muscle-fiber.
the upper part of the thigh through which Sarcoma {sar ko' - maJi) [aa/if flesh ojia,
-
, ;
the long vS. vein and nerve pass. tumor]. A tumor made up of embryonal
connective tissue. It is characterized by a
Sapid [sa'-pid ) [sapere, to taste]. Capable
of being tasted. great preponderance of cells and very little
Sapo (j^^-/!^) [L. ].

See Soap. homogeneous or fibrillar intercellular sub-
Saponaceous i^sap-o-iia'-se-us) \sapo, soap].
stance. S., Alveolar, one in which groups
Having the nature of soap. of sarcoma-cells are contained in alveolar
Saponification [sapon-if-ik-a' -shitti) \_sapo, spaces. Angiolithic. Synonym of /"j^/w-
S.,
soap facere, to make].
;
The act of con- moina. Chondrosarcoma, one containing
verting into soap ; the process of treating a cartilaginous tissue. S., Giant-celled, one
neutral fat with an alkali, which combines containing giant-cells as a prominent feature.
with the fatty acid, forming a soap. Lymphosarcoma, a round-celled sarcoma
(sapon'-e-Ji) [^sapo, soap facere, to in which the cells are held in a reticulum.
Saponify ;
make]. To convert into soap to convert a ; S., Melanotic, a sarcoma, usually sjsindle-
neutral fat by the action of an alkali into free celled, in which the cells contain melanin.
glycerol and a salt of the alkali, the latter S., Myeloid. See S., Giatit-celled. Myxo-
forming a soap. sarcoma, one which in part has undergone
Saponin [sap' -o-niii) \_sapo, soap], CgjHgÔjg. my.xomatous degeneration. S., Round-
A glucosid contained in the roots of soap- celled, one made up of round cells. There
wort and other plants, and in aqueous solution are two varieties, the small round-celled and
forming a strong lather. the large round-celled sarcoma. S., Spindle-

Sapotoxin [sap-o-toks'-in) [sapo, soap ; to^l- celled, one made up of spindle-cells. It is
A poisonous glucosid
Kov, poison] .Cj^HjgOjg. also known as recurrent fil roid.
obtained from saponin. Sarcomatosis {sar-ko-wat-o'-sis^ [^sarrovial.
Sapphism (saf'-iz7n) [from 'Eairipo), Sappho, a The formation of multijile sarcomatous growths
Greek poetess.]. Tribadism. in various parts of the body.
Sapremia {sap-re' -tne-ah) \aa'Kp6<;, putrid ; Sarcomatous {sar-ko'-?)iatiis) [cap^, flesh;

ai^La, blood]. A
febrile condition due to tumor].
0^1(1, Uf the nature of or resembling
introduction into the blood of the ptomains sarcoma.
produced in putrefaction. Sarcomere {sar'-ko-t?ie)-) [aap^, flesh ; tJepoc,
Saprin [sap'-rin) \_aanp6r, putrid]. A non- apart]. One of the segments into which a
be divided by trans-
poisonous ptomain formed in the putrefaction
muscle-fibril appears to
of animal tissues. verse septa.
{sar'- ko
-
Saprogenic, Saprogenous {sap
-
ro-Jen'-ik, Sarcoplasm plazm) [fffipf, flesh;
sap-roj'-e'i-iis) putrid jevpciv. to
[aaTr/jor, ; -rr?idGniii>, to mold]. The hyaline or finely
I. Causing putrefaction. 2. Pro- granular interfibrillar material of muscle-
beget].
duced by putrefaction. tissue.
Saprophyte {sap' -ro-ftf) [craTrpof , putrid ; Sarcoplast sa>-'-ko-plast)[a6p^, flesh; tt/jio-

\
(pvTup, a plant]. A vegetable organism living aetv, to mold]. A cell lying between nius.u-
on dead organic matter. lar fibrilliTe and capable of developing into a
Saprophytic {sap-ro-fil' -ik) {amrpoQ, putrid ;

muscular fiber.
Growing in dead organic Sarcoptes {sar - kop' - tez) \cnpS., flesh; K(m-
(pvTov, plant].
matter, as, e.g., S. bacteria. T£iv, to cut]. A genus of mites, including
Sarcin {sar'-sin)[aap^, hesh]. See/Pvpoxan- S. hominis, the itch mite.
thin. Sarcosepsis {sar ko - -
srp'- sis) \_onp^, flesh ;
Sarcina [L., a bundle].

{sar-si' -nah)
A stpsis'\.
The presence of bacteria directly in
the tissues.
genus of Schizomycetes consisting of cocci
dividing in three directions, thus producing Sarcosin {sar'-ko-sin) \_adp£, flesh], C.jH,-
cubic masses. See Bacteria, Table of. NOj. MethylglycocoU, a crystalline sub-
40
SARCOSPORIDIA SCAB
stance produced when cieatin and caffein are Saturation [sat-ii-ra' -shu}i) \safurare, to
lieated with baryta. fill].
I. A state in which a liquid holds in
(sar-ko-spor-id' -e-ah) \cap^, solution all of a substance that it can dissolve
Sarcosporidia ;
flesh ; seed].
(7;ropof,
A
variety of psoro- the state of being or becoming saturated. 2.
sperns the muscles of cattle, sheep,

found in Of a chemic compound, a state in which the
swine, and other mammals. affinities of all its atoms are satisfied.
Sarcostyle {nar'-ko-snl) [ffdpf, flesh gtv- ; Satureja {sa-tnr-e'-ya). plant of the or- A
/of, a pillar]. One of tlie tine longitudinal der Labiatn;. S. hortensis resembles thyme,
fibrillw of which a striated muscle-liber is and is used as a culinary herb.
composed and into which it
up. can be split Saturnine {sat' -tir-nin) \_Satttrnus, a Ro.man
Sarcous {sar'-kus) \p(ipî flesh]. Pertain- deity the alchemists' name for lead].
;
Per-
ing to muscle. S. Element, one of the taining to or produced by lead.
dark prisms of the ultimate fibrillar of striped Saturnism {sat ' - ur - nizm) \^Satnrnus, a
muscle-fibers. Roman deity; the alchemists' term for lead].
Sardonic Grin [sar-don' -ik') [SapJcj, Sar- Lead-poisoning plumbism. ;
dinia, because resembling the grimace pro- Satyriasis {sat-zr-i'-as-?s) [crdri'/sof, a satyr].
duced by eating a certain Sardinian plant]. Excessive venereal desire in the man.
-See Risus sardonicus. Saunders [sarun'-derz). See Santaluni.
Sarkin [sar' -kin). See Hypoxanthin. Sauriderma {saw-re-der' -7na]i) \pavpa, liz-
Sarsaparilla [saj-- sap- ar il'-a/i) [Sp.]. ard

-
; Sipjia, skin] Ichthyosis.
.
The Smilax officinalis and other species of Sauriosis {sa7i>-re-o'-sis) [âabpa, lizard].
Smilax, of the order Liliaceae. The root Ichthyosis.
(Sarsaparilla, U. S. P., Sarsse radix,
B. P.) Sausage-poisoning. A state of gastroenteri-
contains a crystalline glucosid, parillin, C^^- tis produced by the ingestion of decomposed
ILgO,g. S. has been employed as an altera- sausage. It is also known as botulism or
tive in syphilis, rheumatism, and scrofulous allantiasis.
affections. Preparations and doses Decoc- : Savill's Disease. An epidemic skin-disease
tum sarsK (B. P.), f ,^ iv-vj (128.0-192.0). characterized by the appearance of a papular
Decoctum sarsaparillse compositum (U. S. rash, followed by a branny desquamation, and
P.), Decoctum sarsse compositum (B. P.), by marked constitutional symptoms. A fatal
fîv-YJ (128. 0-192. o) ;

Extractum sar- result may follow.
saparilla fluidum (U. S. P.), TTLxxx— Ix Savine {sav'-in). Juniperus sabina, a shrub
2.0-4.0) Extractum sarsse liquidum (B. P.),
; of the order Coniferns. The tops (.Sabina,
fgij-iv (8.0-16.0); Extractum sarsaparillae U. S. P., Sabinae cacumina, B. P.) contain
fluidum compositum (U. S. P.), iTLxxx-lx a volatile oil
(Oleum sabinoe) and possess
(2.0-4.0); Svrupus sarsaparillce compositus marked irritant properties. S. is
employed
(U. S. P.), fJ5J-iv (4.0-16.0). in amenorrhea, chronic rheumatism, gout,
Sartian Disease {sa!-^-shti?i).
An endemic and as a local application to warts, ulcers,
affection of the tropics, characterized by red and parasitic affections of the skin. Prepara-
indurated spots that finally ulcerate. tions and doses Extractum sabina fluidum
:
Sartorius {sar-io''-re-t{s)\_S(irtor, tailor]. The (U. S. P.), TTLiij-viij (0.20-0.52); Tinct':ra

muscle, so-called from being concerned
tailor' s sabinne (B. P.), TTl^xx-f^j (l. 3-4.0); Un-
in crossing the one leg over the other. See guentum sabinte (B. P.). Dose of the oil,
i\fusc/es, Table of. "I'j-v (0.13-0.32).
Sassafras [sas' -a-fras) [Sp., from saxifi-aga, Saw [AS., J^fTâ, saw]. An instrument hav-
from sa.xum, roc^ ;frangere, to break]. The ing a thin blade with sharp teeth on one edge,
S. variifolium, a tree of the order Laurinece. and used for dividing bones and other hard
The root-bark (Sassafras, U. S. P., Sassafras substances. S., Butcher's, one in which
radix, B. P.) is employed as an aromatic the blade can be fixed at any angle. S.,
stimulant. The pith (Sassafras medulla, U. Chain-, one in which the teeth are set in links
S. P.) yields a mucilage movable upon each other, the saw being
(Mucilago sassafras
medullce, U. S. P.) that is used as an appli- moved by pulling alternately upon one and
cation to inflamed eyes, and as a demulcent the other handle. S., Crown-. SeeTnp/iuie.
drink in inflammation of the mucous mem- S., Hey's, a serrated disc affixed to a han-
branes and kidneys. dle, and used for enlarging an opening in a
Sassy Bark {sas-e). See Casca. bone.
Saturated [saturare, to fill].
{sat' -u-ra-ted) Sayre's Apparatus or Jacket. A jacket of
I. Of a
liquid, containing in solution all of plaster-of- Paris molded to support the spine
a substance that it can dissolve. 2. Of a in diseases of the vertebral column.
chemic compound, having all the affinities Scab to i. The crust
\_scabfre, scratch].
of its component atoms satisfied, a terra formed by the desiccation of the secretion of
especially applied to the hydrocarbons. an ulcer. 2, Scabies,
I
SCABIES SCARLET FEVER
Scabies [sl-a^-be-i'z] [sidlio'e, to scratch]. sunken abdomen, seen in meningitis and in
Itch; a disease of the skin caused by an great emaciation. S. Bone, a name given
animal parasite, the Sarcoptes scabiei, or itch- to a boat-shai)ed bone of the tarsus and of
mite. 'l"he insect forms burrows or cuniculi the carpus. S. Fossa, i. A de]Mession in
beneath the skin, and causes irritation, with the base of the internal pterygoid ])late of
vesicles, papules, or pustules, which are fre- the sjihenoid bone. 2. A depression between
quently modilied by scratching. the helix and antihelix of the auricle.
Scabrities {ska-brit'-e-ez) \_siaher, rough]. Scapula {skap'-u-lali) [L.]. The shoulder-
Roughness scabbiness.
; blade, the large, flat, triangular bone forming
Scala (^ska'lah) [L-]- A staircase or ladder. the back of the shoulder.
S. media, the space between the membrane Scapular [skap'-u-lar) \_scapula, the shoulder-
of Reissner and the basilar membrane, con- blade]. Pertaining to the shoulder-blade.
taining the essential peripheral organs of S. Line, a vertical line drawn on the back
hearing. S. tympani, the canal lying be- through the inferior angle of the scapula. S.
low the osseous lamina and the basilar mem- Point, a tender point developed in neuralgia
brane of the internal ear. S. vestibuli, the of the brachial plexus and situated at the in-
canal bounded by the osseous lamina and the ferior angle of the scapula. S. Reflex. See
membrane of Reissner. See Ear. Refhwes, Table of S. Region, the region of
.
Scald {skcnvld) \_excaldere, to wash in hot the back corresponding to the position of the
water]. The burn caused by hot liquids or scapula, the spine of which divides it into a
vapors. sujjraspinous and an infraspinous region.
Scald [skmvld) [Icel., skalh', a bare head], Scapulary {skap'-ti-la-re') \jcapula, scapula].
A disease of the skin accompanied by the A bifurcated bandage, the two ends of which
formation of scabs. pass over the shoulders, while the single end
Scale [skdl) [AS., sceale, a husk; a scale]. passes down the back, all three being fastened
The dry semiopaque lamina of horny to a body-bandage.
epidermis, shed from, the skin in health and Scapulo- [skap'-ti-lo-') \scapula, scapula]. A
in various diseases. prefix denoting relation to the scapula.
Scale \_s<-a/a, ladder]. Anything bearing Scapuloclavicular {^skap - ti - lo - kla -vik'- u -
marks placed at regular intervals and used lar) scapula; clavis, key].
\_scaptila, Per-
as a standard in measuring, as barometric S. taining to the scapula and the clavicle.
S'Z3.\e.ne'{ska'-len)\aKa7irjv6q, uneven]. Hav- Scapulohumeral [skap - it - lo - hii'- nier - al )
ing unequal sides. S. Muscle. See Scal- [seapicla scajmla;
, htitnerus, humerus].
enus, Aftiscles, Table of. Pertaining to the scapula and the humerus.
Scall (skaiul). See ScalJ, 2d definition. Scar i^skar) [L., eschara, scar, from eaxapa,
Scalp [AS., Sceale, a shell or husk]. The a fire-place]. See Cicatrix. ^
hairy integument covering the cranium. Scarfskin [skarf -skin) [AS., scearfe, a frag-
Scalpel [skal-pcF) \_scalpere, to cut]. A small ment ; skiii~\.
The epidermis or cuticle.
knife having a convex edge. Scarification -
{skar-if-ik-a' slum) [scarifi-
Scalprum [ska/^-prwn') \_sea/j\'re, to scrape]. care, to scarify]. The operation of making
A toothed raspatory usecl in trephining and numerous small, superficial incisions.
in removing carious bone. Scarificator i^skar-if-ik-a'-tor') \_scariJiLa7-e,
Scaly {ska'-/e) [AS. , ^rm/^', scale]. I. Re- to scarify]. An
instrument used in scarifi-
sembling scales characterized by scales, as
; cation, consisting of a number of small lan-
S. desquamation. 2. Covered wîth or hav- cets operated by a spring.
ing scales. Scarify {skar' -if-i) \_scarificare, to scarify].
Scanning, or Scanning Speech \_scandere, To make a number of small, superficial inci-
to climb]. A peculiar, slow, and measured sions.
form of speech, occurring in various nervous Scarlatina {skar-lat-e'-naJi) [Pers., sagaldt,
affections, especially in multiple sclerosis. scarlet cloth]. See Scarlet Fever. S. an-
Scaphocephalic, Scaphocephalous [skaf-o- ginosa, scarlet fever with marked inflamma-
sef-al'-ik, s.kaf-0-sef' -al-7is) [rrwd^//,
a skiff; tion of the throat. S. maligna. See A'lvzr-
KEipn?//, head]. Having a boat-shaped head, let Fever.
from early ossification of the sagittal suture, Scarlatinal, Scarlatinous [skar-lat-i'-ftal,
which projects like the keel of a boat. scar-lat i'-niis, skar-lat' -iii-iis) [scarlatiims,
Scaphocephaly [skaf- o-sef'-al- e") \aKa^7i, scarlet]. Pertaining to or caused by scarlet
boat; K£(pn?7}, head]. The condition of fever. S. Nephritis, the acute catarrhal
having a skull characterized by a ])rojecting ne]ihritis arising in the course of or during
keel-like sagittal suture, due to its premature the convalescence from scarlet fever.
ossification. Scarlet Fever. An acute, contagious, febrile
Scaphoid [skaf^-oid) [ir/ca^//, boat; chôr, disease, having a period of incubation vary-
like]. Boat-shaped. S. Abdomen, the ing from several hours to a week , setting in
SCARPA'S FASCIA SCHWEINEROTHLAUF
with vomiting or a chill, which is followed lus at one time thought to be the cause of
and carcinoma.
by high fever, rapid pulse, sore throat,
the appearance at the end of the first or Schindylesis {skin-dil-e'-sis) [o-jn'^fi/l^ycr/r,
the second day of the disease of a puncti- a cleavage]. A form of articulation in which
The tongue, at a plate of one L)one is received into a fissure
form, scarlet red eruption.
first heavily coated and red at the tip and of another bone.
edges, soon shows prominence of

the papilla, Schisto- [skis' -to-) [axiôTO^, cleft]. A pre-
which are red and swollen (strawberry- fix meaning split or. fissured.
tongue). The eruption, at the appearance Schistocephalus [skis-to-sef -al- ns) [<^,i''(T"Of,
of which the symptoms become intensi-
all cleft; Kt'(pa/'/, head]. I. Having a fissured
fied, gradually fades after five
or six days, skull. 2. A monster with a fissured skull.
and is followed by a scaly desquamation. Schistocyte [skis' -to-c'it) [crj/trrdf, cleft;
A peculiarity of scarlet fever is
the tendency i-ciror, cell]. A blood-corpuscle in the stage
to involve the kidneys. Malignant Scarlet of dividing.
Fever is characterized by an abrupt onset, Schistoglossia [skis-to-glos'-e-ak) [fT^vtrrof,
high fever, convulsions, coma, and death, cleft; } /iGJcrca, tongue] . Cleft tongue.
usually before the appearance of the erup- Schistoprosopus [skis-to-pms-o'-pits] \_axia-

tion. Tui;, cleft; -poaunov, face], i. Having a
Scarpa's Fascia \_SLarpa, an Italian anato- clett or fissured face. 2. A monster having
mist]. The deep layer of the superficial a fissure of the face.
abdominal fascia. Schistorrhachis [skis-to?-'-a-kis) [ffl'/'^rof,
Scarpa's Foramen. See Foramina, Table cleft; paxi-Q, spine]. .Spina bifida.
Schistosomus [skis
-
to -
so'-»itis) [rr^Y/arof,
Scarpa's Liquor \^Scarpa, an Italian anato- cleft; aufia, a variety of monster
body]. A
mist]. The endolymph. in which there a lateral or median eventra-
is
Scarpa's Triangle. See Triangle. tion extending the whole length of the ab-
Scatol i^ska'-tol). See Skatol. domen, the lower extremities being absent or
Scatula {skat' -u-lah) [L.]. An oblong, flat rudimentary.
box for powders or pills. Schistothorax (skis-to-tlio'-raks) [(T^Y'^rof,
Scavenger {skav'-en-jcr) [AS., sceawian,Xa cleft; th'jpa^, chest]. Fissure of the thorax.
show]. One who cleans a remover of
; Schizogenesis [skiz-o-Jen' -es-is) [axKeiv,
waste and filth. S. -cells, wandering cells to cleave ; ytveaiq, production]. Reproduc-
that take up debris. S. -cells are common in tion by fission.
the nervous system. Schizomycetes [skiz-o-mi-se' -tez) \axKtw,
Schacher's Ganglion. The ophthalmic to cleave ;
a fungus]. The cleft fungi
jii'tn^c^,
ganglion. or bacteria, so-called because multiplying by

Schede's Method. A method of treating fission.
caries of bone. Tlie diseased tissue is
scrajied Schlemm, Canal of. A channel within the
away and the cavity allowed to with a
fill sclera close to the corneal juncture, whereby
blood-clot. The latter is
kept moist and the aqueous humor finds its way into the
aseptic by a covering of gauze and protective. general circulation.
Scheiner's Experiment. An experiment Schlemm's Ligament. One of two liga-
illustrating refraction and accommodation of ments connected with the shoulder-joints.
the eye. The person looks through two pin- Schneiderian Membrane (s/ini-di-'-n'-an)
holes made in a card and placed at a less dis- [C. \'. Sihut-iJ^'r, a German anatomist].
tance than the diameter of the pupil. If the The nasal mucous membrane.
eye is emmetropic, or if accurately focused, Schonlein's Disease. See Diseases, Table
the two sets of rays, passing through the pin-
of-
holes, unite and form a single image. In a Schott's Method. A method of treating
myopic or a hyperopic eye the object appears heart disease by resisted exercise and special
double. forms of baths.
Schema {ske'-nia/i) \_axîiia, form]. I. A Schrager's Lines [slirah'-gerz). coarse A
simple design to illustrate a complex me- striation, concentric with the outline of the
chanism. 2. An outline of a
subject. pulp-cavity, produced by the parallel curvings
Schematic [ske- mat' - ik) [f7,p/;/o., form]. of dentinal tubules.
Pertaining to or of the nature of a schema. Schreiner's Base [shri'-nitrz) . See S/er-
S. Eye, one .showing the
proportions of a !>iin.
normal or typic eye. Schwann, Sheath of. The neurilemma of a
Scherlievo {skdr-le-a'-vo) [Ital.]. A form of nerve-fiber.
ulcerative syphilis prevalent in the Austrian Schwann, White Substance of. The
seaports during the last centurv. myelin of a medullated nerve-fiber.
Scheurlen's Bacillus [shoir'-ietiz).
A bacil- Schweinergthlauf [shwi -na-rot' -
lowf)
SCHWEINFURTH GREEN SCLEROSIS
[Ger.]. Roiiget du pore [Fr.]. Hog-ery- Scleriasis [skle-ri'-as-is) \^nK7.t]p6q, hard].

sipelas, an infectious disease of hogs, charac-
Scleroderma.
terized l)y fever and an eruption of reddisli Scleritis {skle-ri'-/is) \_nK? iiptu;, hard ; iric,
or brownish sjiots, and due to a special bacil- inflammati(jn]. Inflammation of the sclerotic
lus. See Bacillus e>-ysipelatos siiis. Bacteria, coat of the eye. It may exist alone (sim-
Table of. ple S. or episcleritis) or may be combined

Schweinfurth Green [slnoin'-foort^. Syno- with inflammation of the cornea, iris, or
nym of Paiis-i^reoi. choroid.
Sciatic {si-at'-ik) \\oxi-ov, ischium]. I. Per- ScX&ro- {skle^-ro-)\_aKl7ip6q,'ha.rA']. I. A pre-
fix meaning hard. 2. A
taining to the ischium, as, e. g., tlie S. notch. prefix denoting con-
2. Pertaining to the sciatic nerve, as S. neu- nection with the sclera.
ralgia. S>c\&vochoro\d\\\s{skle-ro-ko-roid-i^-tis)\_aK7.Tj-
Sciatica {si-at'-ik-ah) \_ischiaticus, from \a- /)(«;, iiard choroid ; iTiq, inflammation].
;
In-
x'lov, ischium]. A di.sease characterized by ilammation of the choroid and the sclerotic
neuralgic pain along the course of the sciatic coat of the eye.
nerve. It usually follows exposure to cold Sclerocorneal (skle-ro-kor'-iie-al'] \riK7jjp6q,
and wet, and is dependent upon inflammation hard ; corueus, horny]. Pertaining con-
of tiie nerve. In addition to pain there are jointly to the sclerotic coat and the cornea
numbness and tingling, tenderness along the of the eye.
course of the nerve, and eventually wasting Sclerodactylia, Sclerodactyly {skle-ro-dak-
of the muscles. til'-e-ah, skle-ro-dak^ dil-e) [cr/c/r/pdf, hard ;
Scilla [sil'-ah) [L.]. See Squill. finger].

Ai'iKTv'Aoi;, A
disease of the fingers
Scirrhoid [ski r' -aid) \_aKip'p6c, hard; eldoc;, (or toes) allied to scleroderma. It is usually
like]. Resembling a scirrhus. symmetric, occurs chiefly in women, and

Scirrhoma [skir-o^-»iali)\_aKipp6Q,\\a.r([; ofia, leads to marked deformity.
tumor] 'See .Si'irrl/us. Scleroderma {skle ro der - -
jli) [(TK^r/pof,
Scirrhosarca [s/;ir-o-sar^-ka//)l_aKipp6i;, hard ; hard; Jf/i//ff,skin]. A disease characterized
aiipS, flesh]. Hardening of the flesh, espe- by a progressive induration of the skin, oc-
cially of new-born infants; sclerema of in- curring either in circumscribed patches (see
fants. Morphea) or diffusely. The skin becomes
Scirrhous [skir^-us') [amp'poq, hard]. Hard. hard, pigmented, and firmly attached to the
Scirrhus {skir'-us) \_aKippuQ, hard]. A hard underlying tissues destructive changes may
;
carcinoma. also occur, and joints may become immobile

Scissors [siz^-o?-s)\_sriiidt're, to cut].
An in- from adhesit>ns of the skin. The cause of
strument consisting of two blades held to- S. is not known.
gether by a rivet, and crossing each other so en

- -
Sclerogenous {skle roj'- us) [(T/cA/;pof,
that in closing they cut the object placed hard; }fi'Mij', to beget]. Producing a hard
between them. substance.
Scissura [sizu^-t-ali) [sciiidere, to cut]. A Scleroma [skle-ro^-7?iali) [fr/vZ/ypof, hard].
fissure. 7\bnormal hardness or induration of a part.
Sclera [skle^-rnli) [ff/c^T/pof, hard] The S.adultorum. Synonym of Scleroder?ua.
sclerotic coat of the eye the firm, fibrous,
;
Scleromucin [skle ro iiiu'- sin) \_aKl?/p6g,
- -
outer membrane of the eyeball, continuous hard; ;//«««, mucus]. A gummy substance
with the sheath of the optic nerve behind and obtained from ergot, and considered one of
with the cornea in front. its active principles.
Scleral [skle'-ral) [aKTajpSq, hard]. Per- Scleronyxis [skle-ron-ik^-sis) [(t/c?.;7/50(,-,
hard ;
taining to the sclera. r/'f/f, a pricking]. Puncture of the sclera.

Scleratitis [skle-rat-i'-tis'). Same as Scler- Sclerosarcoma [skle-ro-sar-ko' -mah) \pK~Ari-
itis. hard ca/ii^, flesh 6/m, tumor]. A hard,
prif , ; ;
Sclerectasia {skh'-rek-ta' -ze-aJi) [CT/c/l;?p(5f, fleshy tumor of the gums.

hard; f/craff/r, extension]. Localized bulg- Sclerosed [skle'-rozd) \_GK7rip6r, hard]. Af-
ing of the sclera. fected with sclerosis ;
hardened.
Sclerectoiny {skle-r,k' -to-me)\_OK.ltip6Q ,
hard ; Sclerose en plaques [skla-7'os^ on[g)-plahk).
£/crow7/, excision]. Excision of a portion of Synonym of Sclerosis, Multiple.
the sclera. Sclerosis [skle ro' sis)
- -
[(TK/l//p(5f, hard].
Sclerema {sklc-re'-nuih) \nK/.i}p6c, hard]. Hardening, especially a hardening of a jiart
A hardening. S. adultorum. -See Sclero- from an overgrowth of fibrous tissue; applied
derma. S. neonatorum., a disease of the particularly to hardeningof the nervous system
newborn, characterized by a hardening of from atrophy or degeneration of the nerve-
the subcutaneous tissue, especially of the elements and hyperplasia of the interstitial
legs and feet, and probably dependent on a tissue; also to a chronic inflammation of the
coagulation of the fat. arteries characterized by thickening of their
SCLEROSKELETON SCROFULA
coats. S., Diffuse, one extending through spartein, Cj5H2sN2, and a neutral principle,
S., Dis- S. is diuretic and ca-
a large part of the brain and cord. scoparin, îx^^^f^x^-
seminated, a form in which numerous scler- thartic, these actions probably depending
the Itrain upon scoparin. Extractum scoparii fluidum
otic patches are scattered through
and cord. S., Insular. See S., Multiple. (U. S. P.). Dose TT\^xx-xl (1.3-2.6). For
S., Lateral. See Lateral Sclerosis. S.,
Mul- properties of spartein see Sparteitt.
tiple. See Charcot's Disease, in Diseases, Scopolamin, Scopolein {^sko-po' -lam-in,
Table of. sko-po' -le-in). See Scopolia.
Scleroskeleton {skle-ro-skel' -et-o-n) [ff/iA?;/)of, Scopolia [sko-po'-le-ah) [after Scopoli, an
hard; OKekeTov, a dry body]. The part of Italian naturalist]. A
genus of the Solana-
the skeleton including the bones occurring in cere, resembling the genera Atropa and Hy-
tendons and ligaments. oscyamus. The rhizome of S. japonica and
Sclerostenosis [skle-ro-sten-o'-sis) S. carniotica contains the alkaloid scopolamin
\_miA7ip6g,
I. Sclerosis or scopolein, Cj^HjjNO^, used as a mydriatic.
hard; aTEV(oaiQ, constriction].
with stenosis. 2. Scleroderma. Scorbutic [skor-bii' -tik) \jcorbntHS, scurvy].
Sclerotic [skle-rof -ik)[_aKl7]p6Q, hard]. Hard, Pertaining to, affected with, or caused by
indurated. S. Coat. See Sclera. scorbutus.
Sclerotica {skle-rof -ik-ah) IpKkrjphq, hard]. Scorbutus {skor-bu'-tus) [L.]. See Scurvy.
See Sclera. Scotodinia {sko-to-din' -e-ah) \aK6roq, dark-
Scleroticochoroiditis [skle-rot-ik-o-ko-roid- ness; fSnof, a whirl]. Vertigo associated
i'-tis'). See Sclerochoroiditis. with the appearance of black spots before the
Scleroticonyxis [skle
- rot -
ik -
on -
ik' -
sis). eyes.
See Scleronyxis. Scotograph [sko'-to-graf) \gk6-oc, darkness ;
Sclerotitis (
skle - ro-ti ' -lis
) [ aKl7]p6r, hard, Ypd(p£cv, to write]. I. An instrument for
sclera; <T;f, inflammation]. See Scleritis. aiding the blind to write. 2. A
name given
Sclerotium [skle-ro'-she-mn) [ff/cA;7/idf, hard]. to the picture produced by means of the so-
A thick mass of hyphx constituting a resting- called X-rays. See X-rays.
stage in the development of some fungi, as Scotoma -mah) [ff/corof, darkness].
i^sko-to'
the ergot. An area in the visual iield, rays of light from
Sclerotome [skle'
-
ro -
toni') [cT/c/./^pdf, hard; which are not at all (Absolute S.) or im-
I. A knife used in sclerot- perfectly (Relative S.) perceived. S., Cen-
rkfivsiv, to cut].
omy. 2. A
hard tissue separating successive tral, one limited to the region of the visual
in certain of the lower vertebrates. field corresponding to the macula lutea. S.,
myotomes
Sclerotomy [skle-rof -o-me) [_aK.A.7]p6^, hard ; Color-, color-blindness limited to a part of
TFfivEiv, to cut].
The
operation of incising the visual field, and which may exist without
the sclera. S., Anterior, the making of an interruption of the field for white light. S.,
incision through the sclera anterior to the Flittering, a S. with serrated margins ex-
ciliary body, and entering the anterior cham- tending peripherally and producing a large
ber, asis done in glaucoma. S., Posterior, defect in the visual field. It is also
S. by an incision through the sclera behind called fortification-spectrum. S., Negative, a
the ciliary body, and entering the vitreous defect due to the destruction of the retinal
chamber. center, and which is not noticeable to the
Scolex [sko^-leks) [(TA-(j?.7/^, a worm]. The patient. S., Positive, a S. perceptible to
head of a tapeworm, giving rise to the chain the patient as a dark spot before his eyes.
of proglottides. S., Relative, a scotoma within which per-
Scoliorachitic [sko-le-o-ra-kif -ik) \pko7l6q, ception of light is only partially im|iaired.
curved pa;îg, spine
; <r/f, inflammation].; S., Ring-, S., Annular, a zone of sct>toma
Pertaining to or produced by scoliosis and surrounding the center of the visual field.
rickets. S. scintillans, S., Scintillating. See S.,
Scoliosis [sko-le-o^ -sis) [aKo'kto^, curved]. Flitteri>!o^.
A morbid lateral curvature of the spine. Screatus {skre-a^-tiis) [L.]. I- A hawking.
Scoliotic [sko-le-ot' -ik) \cko'A,i6q, curved]. 2. A neurosis characterized by paroxysms of

Pertaining to or marked by scoliosis. hawking.
Scoop [AS., skopa, a scoop]. An instrument Scrivener's Palsy. See Writer's cramp.
resembling a spoon, for the extraction of Scrobiculus (skro-bik'-ii-liis) [L.]- A small
bodies from cavities, as an ear-S., lithotomy- pit. S. cordis, the depression at the epi-
S. gastrium the pit of the stomach.
;
Scoparin [sko'-par-iii^. See Scopariiis. Scrofula [skrof'-ii-lah) [scro/a, a sow]. A

Scoparius [sko-pa'-re-us) \^scopa,?i broom].' term formerly applied to a peculiar condition
The Cytisus scoparius, a shrub of the order characterized by enlargement of the lym-
Lcguminosse. The tops (S. U. S. P. ,Sco- ,
jihatic glands and necrosis of the bones it is ;
parii cacumina, B. P.) contain the alkaloid at present considered a form of tuberculosis.
SCROFULIDE SECONDARY
Scrofulide [skrof'-u-lid) \_scrofa, sow]. See Scybalous (sib' -al-us) [aaifia/ov, fecal mat-
Sirofiilodi-nii. ter]. (Jf the nature of a scybalum.
Scrofuloderm {skrof- ti-lo-ilerni) \_scrofa, Scybalum [sib'-al-um) [anviia'Aov, fecal mat-
sow; (5f/)//«, tlic skin]. A
disease of the ter]. A mass of abnormally hard fecal
skin due to scrofula, and generally character- matter.
ized by superficial irregular ulcers with under- Seamstress's Cramp. A
painful cramp af-
mined edges. The cause is the tubercle- fecting the fingers of seamstresses an occu-;
bacillus. pation-neurosis analogous to writer's cranip.

Scrofulosis -
[skrof-ti-lo' sis) [scrofa, sow]. Searcher {serch'-er) \circare, to go around].
The slate characterized by the presence of A sound used for the detection of stone in
scrofula ;
a scrofulous diathesis. the bladder.
Scrofulous yskrof'-ti- Ills') [scro/a, sow]. Sea-sickness. A condition occurring in per-
Having the nature of, affected with, or pro- sons aboard ships, produced by the rolling
duced by scrofula. of the ship, and characterized by vertigo,
Scrotal [skro'-tal) [scrotum, scrotum]. Per- nausea, retching, and prostration. A simi-
taining to, or contained in the scrotum, as S. lar state may be induced by riding in cars,
hernia. elevators, etc.
Scrotum [skro'-tum) [L.]. The pouch con- Sea-tangle. See Laminaria.
taining the testicles, consisting of skin, dartos, Seat-worm. See Oxyuris.
spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, infundi- Sebaceous (se-ba'-shus) [sebum, suet, fat].
buliform fascia, and parietal tunica vaginalis. Pertaining to sebum secreting sebum, as
;
Scruple [skrii'-pl) [s(riipHhis,d\r{\.oisc-nipHs, the S. Glands or Follicles, compound sac-

a sharp stone]. In apothecaries' weight, 20 cular glands associated with the hair-follicles,
grains; represented by the sign 3- and secreting a semifluid substance, the
Scurf (skerf) [AS., scurf, scurf]. bran- A sebum, composed of oil-droplets and broken-
like desquamation of the epidermis, especially down epithelial cells. S. Cyst, a cystic
from the scalp ; dandruff. tumor formed by occlusion of the duct of a
Scurvy [AS., scurf, scurf].
(skcr'-ve) A S. gland, with retention of the secretion,
disease observed among persons who have dilatationand thickening of the wall of the
been deprived of proper food for a length of gland. It contains a grayish-white, cheesy
time it is characterized by spongy gums, ex-
;
material.
travasations of blood beneath the skin, Sebadilla {seb-ad-iV -ah). See Sabadilla.
hejaiorrhages from the mucous membranes, Sebiparous [sebum, fat /(?-
(scb-ip'-ar-us) ;
fetor of the breath, and painful contractions roe, to produce]. Secreting sebum.
of the muscles. It is most common among Sebolith [seb'- o-lith) [sebum, fat Tiidoq, ;
sailors living on salt-meats. S., Land-. See stone]. A concretion in a sebaceous gland.
Purpura liLEmorrhagica. Seborrhea [seb-or-e' -ah) [sebum, suet poia, ;
Scurvy-grass. The Cochlearia officinalis, a a flow]. A functional disease of the seba-

plant of the order Cruciferre, the properties ceous glands, characterized by an excessive
of which reside in a volatile oil resembling secretion of sebum, which collects upon the
oil of mustard. S. is used in scurvy and in skin in the form of an oily coating or of
chronic rheumatism. crusts or scales. S. congestiva, Lupus
Scute (skut) \_snitu»i, a shield]. See Scutum. erythematosus. S. capillitii, S. capitis,
Scutellaria \sku-tel-a' -re-ah) \_scuteUu))i, a S. of the scalp. S. corporis, S. of the
little shield]. A
genus of the Labiatas. S. trunk. S. faciei, S. of the face. S. nigra,
lateriflora, skullcap, is the S. of the U. S. P., S. nigricans, seborrhea with the formation
and is employed in neuralgia, chorea, deli- of dark-colored crusts, the coloration being
rium t'emens, and other nervous affections. usually from dirt. S. oleosa, a form
Extractum Scutellariae fluidum (U. S. P.). characterized by an excessive oiliness of the
Dose f^j-ij (4.0-8.0). Dose of Scu- skin, especially about the forehead and nose.
tellarin, an impure precipitate from an alco- S. sicca, the commonest form of S.. char-
holic tincture, gr. iij-iv {0.20-0.26). acterized by greasy, brownish-gray scales.
Scutulum [sku'-tu-lum) [dim. of scutum, a Sebum {se' -bum)[\..\ The secretion of the
shield]. Any one of the thin plates of the sebaceous glands. See Sebaceous Glands.
erui)tion of favus. Secale {se-'ka'-le)[l..'\. Rye. S. cornutum.
Scutum {sku'tum) \_scutum, a shield]. A See Ergot.
shield-like plate of bone. S. tympanicum, Secondary [sek'-im-da-re) [secuudarius. from
the semilunar plate of bone separating the scciindus, second]. I. Second in the order
attic of the tympanum from the outer mas- of time or development, as the S. lesions of
toid cells. syjihilis. 2. .Second in relation subordi-
;
Scybala {^sih'-a/<ik). Plural of ScybaluDi, nate; produced liy a cause considered primary.
^ V. S. Amputation, an ani|.utatiiin done alttr
SECOND INTENTION SEMEN
the subsidence of inflammatory symptoms. process of producing the deposition of a
S. Cataract. See Cataract. S. Coil, the sediment, especially the rapid deposition by
coil of wire in which the induced current is means of a centrifugal machine.
generated. S. Degeneration, of nerve Segment {seg'-ment )\_segmentum, ixovasecare,
fibers, a following injury or
degeneration to cut]. A small piece cut from the peri-
disease of the trophic centers. S. Hemor- phery of anything a part bounded by a
;
See Hemorrhage. natural or imaginary line.

rhage.
Second Intention. See Healing. Segmental [seg-f?ien'-tal) \segmentiim, a
Second Nerve. The optic nerve. segment, ixova. secare, to cut]. I. Pertaining
Secrete [se-krel')\_secernere,
to separate]. To to segment made up of segments. 2.
a ;
separate ; specifically, to separate

from the Undergoing or resulting from segmentation.
blood, or form out of materials furnished by S. Duct, the duct of the pronephros. S.
the blood a certain substance termed a Organs, a tubular structure found in the
secretion. embryos of amniotic animals, and comprising
Secretion [se-kre'-shun) \secernere, to se-
the pronephros, the mesonephros, and the
crete]. I. The
act of secreting or forming from metanephros.
materials furnished by the blood a certain Segmentation {seg-men-ta'shmi)\_segme7itiim,
substance which is either eliminated from the a segment, {\o\nsecare, to cut]. The process
body or is used in carrying on special func- of dividing into two equal parts, as, e.g., the
tions. 2. substance secreted. S., Ex-
The S. of the ovum. S. -cavity, the central
ternal, a S. thrown out upon the external space in the ovum produced by S. S. -cells.
or internal surface of the body. S., Inter- See S. -sphere. S. -nucleus. See Nucleus.
nal, a S. that is not thrown out upon a S. -sphere, one of the cells of an ovum formed
surface, but is absorbed into the blood. by S.
Secretory [se'-kre-to-re) [seiernere, to separ- Seidlitz-powder [sid'-litz). Pulvis efiferves-
ate]. Pertaining to secretion; performing cens compositus. See Potassium.

secretion. Selection [se-lek' -shun) \_seligere, to choose].
Sectio (se^^-s/ie-o) \_L.']. SeeSeetion. S. ab- The act of choosing. Natural, the selec-
S.,
dominis. See Celiotomy. S. agrippina. Cesa- tive action of external conditions, whereby
rean section. S. alta, suprapubic cystotomy. characters favorable to the species of animal
S. cadaveris, an autopsy. S. csesarea, or plant are preserved. S., Sexual, the selec-
Cesarean section. S. franconiana, supra- tion produced by preferences of the one sex
pubic cystotomy. S. lateralis, lateral lithot- for a member of the other sex in somcxway
omy. S. mediana, median lithotomy. specially endowed.
Section {sek'-shun) \_secare, to cut]. I. The Self-abuse, Self-pollution. See Masturba-
act of cutting or dividing. 2. A cut ;
a cut tion.
surface. S., Abdominal. See Celiotomy. Self-limited. Limited by reason of inherent
S., Cesarean. See Cesarean Operation. S., qualities applied to diseases that run a defi-
;
Frontal, a S. dividing the body into dorsal nite limited course independent of treatment.
and ventral parts. S., Sagittal, a S. parallel Sella (W-a//) [L.]. A saddle. S. turcica
with the sagittal suture, and hence with the [Turkish saddle], the pituitary fossa of the
median plane of the body, and serving to sphenoid bone, lodging the pituitary body.
divide the body into equal parts. Selters, Seltzer Water [sel'-ters, selts'-er).
Secundines (sek'- tin denz) -
\sectindtis ,
An effervescent mineral water obtained at
second]. The placenta, part of the umbilicus, Selters in Prussia.
and the membranes discharged from the Semeiography {sem-i-og'-ra- fe) [ crjiiCiov,
uterus after the birth of the child.
sign; )pa(pgii', io write]. Symptomatology.
Secundipara {se-kim-dip'-ar-ah) \_sectindus, Semeiology {sem-i-ol'-o- je) [(T/z/zeZoi', sign ;
second parere, to bring forth] See Mul-

; .
7M')oq, discourse]. Symptomatology.
tipara. Semeiotic {se7n-i -ot'-ik) \_ar}/uC(ov, sign].
Sedation [se-da' -slntn) \_sedare, to soothe]. Pertaining to symptoms.
1. A state of lessened functional
activity. Semeiotics (se>?t-i-ot^-iks') \_(7r/ueiov, sign].
2. The production of a state of lessened Symptomatology.
functional activity. Semelincident {sem-el-in' -sid-ent) \_semel.
Sedative {sed'-at-iv) \_sedare, to soothe]. I. once; incidere, to happen]. Happening
Quieting or lessening functional activity. 2. only once in the same person as a -S. ;
An agent lessening functional activity. disease.

Sediment {sed'-im-ent) [sedimentum, from Semen to i. A
[se'-men] [serere, sow].
sedere, to sit]. The material settling to the seed. 2. The fecundating fluid of the male,
bottom of a liquid. chiefly secreted l>y the testicles, composed of
Sedimentation {srd-im-en-ta'-shun) [sedim- liquor seminis, seminal granules, oil-globules,
entum, sediment., from sedere, to sit]. The and spermatozoa.
SEMI- SENSIBILITY
Semi- [sem^-e-) [L.]. A prefix denoting half. produced by old age; from senex, old].
Semicircular [sem-e-sir^-kn-lar) half;
\_semi, Pertaining to or caused by old age.
fircii/iis, a circle]. Having the form of a Senility [sen-iF-il-e)\_senilis,
from setiex,o\d'].
half-circle. S. Canals. See Ear. The of being senile
state ;
the weakness
Semilunar characteristic of old age.
{sem-e-ln' -nar) [j^'w/,half; lima,
moon]. Resembling a half-moon in shape, Senn's Bone-plates [after Nicholas Senn,
as, e. !^., the S. bone of the carpus, the S. an American surgeon]. Plates of decalcified
cartilage of the knee, the S. ganglion of the
bone used in intestinal anastomosis.
abdominal sympathetic nerve or of the tri- Senn's Test. The introduction of hydrogen-
facial nerve (Gasserian ganglion), the S. gas into the bowel through the rectum, for
valves of the heart. S. Space of Traube, the detection and localization of an abnor-
the tympanitic area at the lower part of the mal opening.
left chest corresponding to the stomach. Senna [sen'-ah) [Arab., sena^ The leaflets
Semimembranous {sem
-
e -
?ne>ii' -
bra - nus) of various species of Cassia, a genus of the
\semi, half ; membranosus, like a mem- order Leguminosre. S. of the U. S. P. is de-
membranous, e.
g., the S. rived from Cassia acutifolia. S. of the B. P.
brane]. Partly
muscle (Semimembranosus). See Muscles,
as,
is of two varieties —
Alexandrian S., from
Table of. Cassia acutifolia, and East India or Tin-
Seminal {se>?i^-i)i-al) \_se))ie)!, seed].
Per- nevelly S., from Cassia angustifolia. S.
taining to the semen. S. Cyst, a cyst of the contains cathartic acid, a glucosid rep-
spermatic cord or testicle containing semen. resenting the purgative properties of S. ,
S. Vesicles. See Vesicles. the bitter principles, sennapicrin and senna-
Seminiferous [sem-in-if -er-us)\_se»ten, seed ; crol, and a coloring matter, chrysophan. S. is
ferre, to carry]. Producing semen, as the used as a purgative, generally in combination
S. tubules of the testicle. with an aromatic to prevent griping. Dose
Seminormal [set)i-e-)io7-' -nial') \_senii, half; 3 ss-ij (2.0-8.0). Preparations and doses:
norvia, rule]. Half-normal. S. Solution, Confectio sennre (U. S. P., B. P.). Dose
one containing in solution half the quantity 'p,i] (8.0). Extractum sennse fluidum (U.
of the substance contained in the normal S. P.). Dose fgj-iv (4.0-16.0). Infusum
solution. senna: (B. P.). Dose f 5 iv (128.0). Infusum
Semis [L.]- Half; abbreviated sennae compositum (U. S. P.), black draught,
[se'-mis)
in prescription to ss., which is
placed after contains S., manna, and magnesium sulphate.
the sign indicating the measure. Dose f ,^ iv (128.0). Pulvis glycyrrhizae com-
Semispinalis [se»i-e-spi-iia'-lis).
See Mtis- positus(U. S. P., B. P.), compound liquorice
cles, Table of. powder. Dose gr. xxx-lx (2.0-4.0). Syru-
Semisulcus {sem -
e -
sul' -
kt/s) \_se»ii, half; pus sennse (U. S. P., B. P.). Dose f^j-iv
sulcus, a sulcus]. A
half-sulcus which (4.0-16.0). Tinctura sennse (B. P.). Dose
uniting with another sulcus forms a complete f3J-iv (4.0-16.0).
sulcus. Sennacrol {sen'-ak-rol) [Arab., se^ta, senna ;
Semitendinous {sem-e-fen'-din-us) [sef/il, acris, sharp]. See Senna.

half; leftilo, a tendon]. Partly tendinous, as, Sennapicrin [Arab., sena,
[seit-af-ik'-rin)
See See Senna.
e. g., a S. muscle (Semitendinosus). senna; niKpor, hitter].
Muscles, Table of.
Sensation {sen-sa'-s/iun) \_sensatio, from sen-
Senega [sen'-e-ga) [L.]. The Polygala sentire, to feel]. A feeling or impression pro-
duced by the stimulation of an afferent
ega, a plant of the order Polygalese. Its
root (S., U. S. P.,Senegre radix, B. P.) con- nerve.
tains a bitter principle, senegin or polygalic Sense {sens^ \sensus, from sentire, to feel].
acid (or polygalin), which is probably identi- I. of the faculties by which stimuli
Any one
cal with saponin. S. is used as a stimulant, from the external world or from within the
expectorant, and diuretic in large doses it is ; body are received and transformed into sen-
emetocathartic. It is chiefly employed in sations. The faculties receiving impulses
bronchitis and laryngitis, as a diuretic in from the external world are the senses of
Dose gr. x— x.x sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste,
which
dropsy, and in amenorrhea.
Extractum senegas fluidum (U. are the special senses, and the muscular and
(0.65-1.3).
S. P.). Dose tT\,x-xx (0.65-1.3). Infusum temperature-sense. Those receiving impulses
senegse (B. P.). Dose f,^j (32.0). Syru- from the internal organs (visceral senses) are
pus senegre (U. S. P.). Dose f.^j-ij (4-0- the hunger-S., thirst-S., and others. 2. A
8.0). Tinctura senegfe (B. P.). Dose sensation.
from
{•7^] (4-o). Polygalic acid is employed in Sensibility {sen-sib-il'-if-e) [sensibililas,
doses of from gr. %-] (0.016-0.065). sentire, to feel]. The ability to receive and
feel impressions ; of a nerve or end-organ, to
Senegin [sen' -e-gîn). See Senega.
Senile {se'-nil) [senilis, resembling the state receive and transmit impulses.
SENSIBLE SEQUELA
Sensible [^sensibilis,
from sentire, Septicemia [sep-te-se'-mc-ah) [^GrjivriKO^.^ pu-
{sen'-sibl)
to feel. Perceptible by the senses, as,
]
e.
g. , trid; blood].
atfîa, Blood-poisoning; a
an im- form of poisoning resulting from the presence
S. perspiration capable of receiving
;
the tenses. in the blood of the products of pyogenic or

pression through
Sensitive I. Capa- putrefactive microorganisms. S., Mouse-, a
{sun'-sit-k') \_sensitivns'].
ble of feeling capable of transmitting
;
sen- form of S. occurring in mice and produced
sation. 2. Reacting to a stimulus. by the bacillus murisepticus. It is usually
fatal in from 40 to 60 hours, the animal be-
Sensorial {sen-so'-7-e-al) \sensorium, the
organ of sensation]. Pertaining to the sen- coming early apathetic. S., Rabbit-, a form
soiiuni. of S. occurring in rabbits and due to a special
Sensorimotor sen-so-re-mo' -tor bacillus, the bacillus septicemia; hsemor-
( ) {sensiis,
feeling; moloy'\. Both sensory and motor; rhagicK, or bacillus of chicken-cholera. S.,
concerned with the perception of sensory Sputum-, a form of S. produced by inocula-
S. Cen- tion with microorganisms found in
impulses and with motor impulses. sputum,
ters, centers that are concerned both with the especially the pneumococcus.
perception of sensation and with motor im- Septicemic [sep-te-seni'-ik, sep-te-se^-mi/;)
pulses. [rr/;77r;MJt', putrid ; al«a, blood]. Pertaining
Sensorium [sen-so^-re-um) [L.].
center A to or aft'ected with septicemia.
for sensations, especially the part of the Septicin [sep^-tis-iji) [âtj-rrriKoq, putrid]. A
brain concerned in receiving and combining ptomain obtained from decaying flesh.
the impressions conveyed to the individual Septicopyemia [sep-tik-o-pi-e' -me-ali) [ctz/tt-
sensory centers. TiKoc, putrid -avov, pus ; aijia, blood]. Com-

;
Sensory [sen'-so-re] \_sentire,

to feel]. Per- bined septicemia and pyemia. S., Primary,
to or conveying sensation. S. that in which the general infection is produced
taining
Aphasia. See Aphasia. S. Aura, an by the same bacteria as those causing the
aura affecting the special senses. S. Cross- primary lesion, and S., Secondary, that in
way, the posterior third of the posterior which the general infection is due to other
limb of the internal capsule, where the af- bacteria than those causing the primary lesion.
ferent fibers conveying sensory impulses Septimipara (sep-tini-ip' -ar-ah') \jeptimits,
cross to the opposite side. S. Epilepsy, seventh ;
See Multipara.
parere, to bear].
various disturbances of sensation occurring Septivalent [sep-tiv^-al-ent) \_stptem, seven;
in paroxysms that replace the epileptic con- valere, to be worth]. Having an atomicity
vulsion. S. Nerve, one that conveys sen- of seven.
sations from the periphery to the centers. Septometer [sep-tom' -et-er) \septum., septum,
Sentient [sen^-s/ie-ent) \_seiitire,
to feel]. 1st def ; crinTor,putrid, 2d def. uerpov, ;
Capable of feeling. measure]. I. An

instrument for determining
the thickness of the nasal septum. 2. An
Separator [sep'-ar-a-tor) \_separare, to sepa-
rate]. I. Anything that separates, especially apparatus for determining organic impurities
an instrument for separating the teeth. 2. An in the air.
instrument for detaching the pericranium or Septum [scp^-fitiii) \_sepire,
to hem in]. A
periosteum. partition; a division-wall. S.
atriorum,
Sepsin [sep'-sin) \_ayTTeiv, to make rotten]. S. auricularum, the S. between the right
A poisonous ptomain obtained from decom- and left auricles of the heart. S. crurale,
posed yeast and blood. See Ptomains, Table of. the layer of areolar tissue closing the femoral
Sepsis [stp'-sis) \_afj-i\)iq\. state of poison- A ring. S. lucidum, a thin translucent sep-
ing produced by the absorption of putrefac- tum forming the internal boundary of the
tive substances. S., Puerperal, sepsis lateral ventricles of the brain and enclosing
occurring after childbirth, from absorption of between its two lamina the fifth ventricle.
putrefactive products from the parturient S., Nasal, the S. between the two nasal
canal. cavities. S., Pectiniform, that between the
Septan {sep'-tan') \septem, seven]. Recur- corpora cavernosa of the penis. S., Recto-
ring every seventh day, as, e. g., S. fever. vaginal, the tissue forming the partition
Septemia [stp-te'-me-ali). See Septicemia. between the rectum and the vagina. S.
Septentrionalin {sep-ten-tre-o-naF -in). An ventriculorum, the S. between the two
alkaloid obtained from Aconitum lycoctonum. ventricles of the heart.
It is a sensory paralyzant, and has been
sug- Septuple! {stp'-tuplet) [septet?/, seven]. One
gested as a local and general anesthetic. of seven offspring born from a single gesta-
Septic {scp'-tik) [(Tz/rrr/Kof, putrid]. Per- tion.
taining to or produced by putrefaction. S. Sequela [se-kwe^-tah] \_seqiti,
to follow].
Intoxication, a form of poisoning result- A diseased or abnormal condition following an
ing from the absorption of products of putre- attack of a disease, and directly or indirectly
faction.
dependent upon it.
SEQUESTRATION SESAMOID
Sequestration {se- kici's-lra^- s/itni) \_seqiies- sion, an effusion of serum. S. Exudate,
trarc, to separate]. I. The formation of a an exudate consisting largely of serum. S.
setiuestrum. 2. Tlie isolation of persons Inflammation, an inllammation charac-
sulfering from disease for purposes of treat- terized by the formation of a S. exudate.
ment or of protecting others. S. Membrane. See Alembrane.
Sequestrectomy ise-kivcs-trek' -to-mc). See Serpens \ser'-petiz) [L.]. Creeping.
Scqiicsti'ptofiiv. Serpentaria i^ser-pen-ta'-re-ah) [P.]. Vir-
Sequestrotomy [sekwes-lrol' -o-iiu-) \_seqttes- ginia snake-root, the root of several species
h-itiii, sequestrum;
rofiij,
a cutting]. The of Aristolochia, of the order of Aristolo-
operation of removing a sequestrum. chiacea;. The rhizoma and rootlets of
Sequestrum {se-kwes' -triini) \_seqtiestrai-e, to Aristolochia serpentaria and Aristolochia reti-
separate]. A
dead piece of bone that has culata constitute the S. of the U. S. P.
become separated from llie living bone. (Serpentaria- rhizoma, B. P.). S. contains a
Seralbumin [ser-dZ-iiu'-min) \_scru?>i, serum ;
volatile oil, a bitter principle, and a nitrogen-
all>ii!iii!i'\.
Serum aU)umin,
-
the albumin ous principle called aristolochin. It is a
found in the blood. stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic, and diuretic,
Serial (jt"'-n'-^7/)
a succession].
[5t';7«,
Pol- and is used in the eruptive fevers to bring
lowing in regular order; occurring in rows. out the eruption, in intermittent fever, and in
S. Sections, microscopic sections made in dyspepsia. Extractum serpentaria; fluidum
consecutive order and arranged in the same (U. S. P.). Dose rr^xx-xxx (1.3-2.0).
manner. Infusum serpentarins (B. P.). Dose f^j
Sericeps {^ser^-is-eps) [ff?;p//>:of,
silken ; forceps, (32.0). Tinctura serpentaria; (U. S. P., B.
forceps]. A
device made of loops of ribbon, P.). Dose fgj (4.0). Tinctura cinchonse
used in place of the forceps in making trac- composita(U.S. P.,B. P.). Dose f^j (4.0).
tion upon the fetal head. Serpentine [ser' -peii-tiji) [seipeus, serpent].
Sero- (^se'-ro-) [_sen/m, serum]. A prefix Sinuous ;
snake-like.
denoting serous. Serpiginous {ser-pif-in-jts^ [setpiginosus,
Serocystic \serum, serum
(^se-ro-sis^-tik) ;
from j«;;;5«'^, to creep] .
Creeping. S. Ul-
KraT(Q, bladder]. Composed of cysts filled cer, one that extends in one direction while
with a serous fluid. healing in another.
Serofibrinous [se-ro-fi' -hrin-iis] \jcriiin, se- Serpigo [serpi'-go) [L.]. Ringworm.
rum •,Jil>riii'\. Composed of serum and fibrin, Serrate, Serrated {ser'-dt, ser'-a-ted) [serra,
as, e. exudate; characterized by the
g.,a. S. a saw]. Provided with sharp projections
production of a S. exudate, as, e.g., a S. in- like the teeth of a saw.
flammation. Serration [ser-a'-shun') \jerra, a saw]. The
Serolin [sc'-ro-liit) oleum,
\^<!L'rum, serum ;
state or condition of being serrate.
oil].
A neutral fatty constituent of blood, Serratus {ser-a'-tiis) [L. ]. Serrated; ap-
occurring in small amount its nature is un-
; plied muscles arising or inserted by a
to
determined. series of processes resembling the teeth of a
Seropurulent [se-ro-pu'-ru-lent) \^scrum, se- saw. See Muscles, Table of.

rum; pus, pus]. Composed of serum and Serre-fine [sdrfen') [Fr.]. A small spring-
pus, as, e. g., a S. exudate. forceps for seizing and compressing bleeding
Seropus {se' -ro-pus) \jerum, serum ; pus, vessels.
pus]. A fluid consisting of serum and pus. Serre-nceud (sdr-uoe) [Fr.]. An instrument
Serosa [se-ro' -safi) \jerosus, serous ;
tne/n- used for drawing tight a thrown ligature
hrana, understood]. A serous membrane. around a part, as around the pedicle of a
Seroserous {sc -ro - se' -rus) \_serum, serum]. tumor.
Pertaining jointly to two serous surfaces. Serrulate [ser^-u-lat) [serrula, dim. oi serra,
Serosynovitis [sc-ro-si-no-vi' -tis) \^seruin, a saw]. Minutely notched or serrated.
serum; synovitis^. A synovitis accompanied Serum [se'-rum) [P-]- I- The clear,
by an incre.nse of the synovial fluid. yellowish fluid separating from the blood
Serotherapy (sc-ro-ther' -ap-e)\_seru)n, serum ;
after the coagulation of the fibrin. 2. Any
lltpnTTim, therapy]. The

treatment of dis- clear fluid resembling tlie S. of the blood.
ease by means of the blood-serum of animals S. -albumin, the albumin found in the
or individuals that are immune to or con- blood-serum and other animal fluids. S.-
valescent from an infectious disease. globulin. See Pamglobuliit. S. lactis,
Serotina {ser- o-fi ' - na/i) [serotinus, late]. whey. S.-unit. See Uui/.
See DeciduiJ sero/iiia. Sesame {ses^-am-e). See Sesamttw.
Serous [serum, serum].
{se'-rus) I. Per- Sesamoid [(r/'/aa/wr, sesame
{ses^-a///-o/,l ) ;
taining to, characterized by, or resemliling fjfôf, Resembling a sesame-seed.

like].
serum. 2. Producing serum, as a S. gliml ;
S. Bone, a small bone developed in a ten-
containing serum, as a S. cyst. S. Effu- don subjected to much pressure.
SHOULDER-JOINT SHOULDER-JOINT
—
Diagrammatic Section of Shoulder through Bicipital Groove. {IV. A.)
Deltoid. Acromion. 3. Subacromial bursa. 4. Glenoid ligament. 5. Capsule of shoulder-joint.
2.
6. Glenoid cavity. 7. Long tendon of biceps. 8. Glenoid ligament. 9. Synovial membrane lining
capsule and ensheathing biceps tendon. 10. Inner fold of capsule and synovial membrane. 11. E.xtra-
articular portion of biceps tendon. 12. Humerus.
Ligaments of the Scapula and Shoulder-joint.— (Z^VAow.)

Superior acromioclavicular ligament. 2. Coracoclavicular ligament
trapezoid). 3. Coracoclavicular
ligament (conoid). 4. Coraco-acromial ligament. 5. Transverse ligament. 6. Capsular ligament.
7. Coracohumeral ligament. 8. The long tendon of the biceps issuing from the capsular ligament
and entering the bicipital groove, q. E.xtracapsular portion of shoulder-socket, formed by under
surface of acromion and coraco-acromial ligament.
SESAMUM SICKNESS
Sesamum [xes'-am-unt) [(Tâa^wi'] genus . A Shin [AS., sciua, shin]. The shaqi ante-
of plants of the order Pedaliaceas. S. in- rior margin of the tibia. S.-bone, the tibia.
dicum and S. orientale yield a bland, Shingles {sking'-gles). Herpes zoster.
sweetish oil, sesame-oil, teel-oil, benne-oil Ship-fever. Typhus fever.
(Oleum sesami, U. S. P.), employed like Shiver [shiv'-er] [ME., chiveren, to shiver].
olive-oil. A slight tremor or shaking of the body due
Sesqui- [ses'-k-we-) [L.]. A prefix denoting to cold, etc.
one and one-half. Shock [Fr. , shoe, shock] i . . A suddengrave
Sesquioxid (^ses-k2Vi:-oks'-id) [sesqui-, one depression of the system produced by
and one-half; b^'vq, acid]. A compound of operations, accidents, or strong emotion. It
oxygen and another element, containing isdue to a profound influence on the nervous
three parts of oxygen to two of the other system. If not fatal it is followed by a stage
element. of reaction. 2. The agent causing a general
Sesquisalt [ses' -/nue-saivit) [sesqui, one and or local depression, as, e. g., an electric S.
one-half; stilf'\. A salt containing one and Shoddy Fever. A diseased condition caused
one-half times as much of the acid as of the by the inhalation of the dust in shoddy-
radicle or base. factories it is characterized by feverishness,
;
Sessile [sfs^-il) [scssiHs, from sedere, to sit]. headache, nausea, dryness of the mouth,
Attached by a broad base not pedunculated ;
; dyspnea, cough, and expectoration.
as, ^. ^., a S. tumor. Shoemaker's Spasm. An occupation-neu-
Seton [se^-ton) [sefa, a bristle]. I. A thread rosis, analogous to writer's cramp, occurring
or skein of threads drawn through a fold of in shoemakers.
the skin, so as to produce a fistulous tract ; Short Circuit. One in which an electric
it is tised as a counterirritant. 2. The tract current encounters an abnormally small re-
thus produced. sistance.
Setschenow's Inhibitory Center (setch'-cii- Short-sight. Myopia.
ofs.). A cerebral center for the inhibition Shoulder [shoF -der') [AS., Jc/^/cZfr, shoulder].
of reflex movements, situated in the corpora The region where the arm joins the trunk,
quadrigemina and the medulla oblongata. formed by the meeting of the clavicle and the
Seven-day Fever. Relapsing fever. scapula, and the overlying soft parts. S.-
S&v\xvn.[se'-fw>i) [!>•]. Suet. blade, the scapula. S. -girdle. See Girdle.
Sewer-gas. The mixture of gases emanating Show [sho) [KH. scea'cvian, to look], i. A
,
from sewers. bloody discharge from the birth-canal prior

Sewing Spasm. See Seamstress's Cramp. to labor. 2. The first appearance of a men-
Sextan {seks^-tan) [sex, six]. Occurring strual flow.
every sixth day, as, e.g., a S. fever. Shower-bath. See Bath.
Sextipara [seks-tip'-ar-aJi) [sex, six ; parere, Shrapnell's Membrane. See Mefiibrane.
to bear]. See MitUipara. Si. A symbol for silicon.
Sextuplet (.fc/V-/'«//(Y) [^^'x, six]. One of Sialagogue {si-aF-a-gog) [aiaTiov, spittle ;
six offspring of a single gestation. a;u;df, leading]. I. Producing a flow of
Sexual [seks'-u-al) [sexus, sex]. Pertaining saliva. 2. A
drug producing a flow of
to or characteristic of sex, as the S. organs. saliva.
Sexvalent [seks^-val-ent) [sex, six ; valere, Sialorrhea {si-al-or-e^-a)[aia7Mv,sYy^\.\.\e ; 'poia,
to be worth]. Having an atomicity of six a flow]. Salivation. S., Pancreatic, a flow
as compared witii that of
hydrogen. of pancreatic juice.
Shadowgram. See X-rays. Sibbens [sib' -ens) [Gael., sttbhan, raspber-
Shadow-test. See Skiascopy. ries]. A disease formerly endemic in the
Shakes [shaks"). See Ague. Scotch highlands, and by some identified with
Shaking Palsy. See Paralysis agitans. syphilis,by others with yaws.
Sharpey's Perforating Fibers. Transverse Sibilant {sib'-il-ant') [sibilare,io hiss]. Hiss-
or perpendicular fibers transfixing and joining or whistling, as, e.
g., a S. rale.
ing the lamelhe of bone. Sibilus [sib'-il-us) [sibilare, to hiss]. /.
Shaven-beard Appearance. peculiarA sil)ilant rale.
appearance of the agminated glands of the Sick [A^., sebe, sick]. Ill; not well. S.-
intestine in
typhoid fever, resembling that headache, migraine.
of a recently-shaven beard. Sickness [sik'-ttes) [AS., sede, sick], i. The
Sheath {sheth) [AS., scoef>, sheath]. A state of being unwell. 2. Nausea. S.,
covering. S., Primitive, S. of Schwann. African Sleeping. See African Lethargy.
See Neurilemma. S., S., Green, chloro-
Falling, epilepsy.
Sheep-pox. A contagious pustular disease of sis. Monthly, the menstrual epoch.
S.,
sheej), similar to cow-pox. S., Mountain-, a sensation of nausea, with
Sherry-wine See
(.f/^t-r^-if).
Vinum xericum. impeded respiration and irregular heart's
SIDEROSIS SIGN
action, due to the rarefied air of high aUi- S., Day-, hemeralopia. S., Far, S., Long,
tudes. hyperopia. S., Night-, nyctalopia. S.,
Siderosis [siJ-er-o'-sis) [âUhipoQ, iron]. A Old, presbyopia. S., Short, myopia.
pigmentation by a deposit of particles of iron ; Sigmatism [siY-mai-izm) [sigi/ia, tiie Greek
specifically, a chronic
interstitial pneumonia letter j]. I. Defective utterance of the
caused by the inhalation of particles of iron. sound of s. 2. The too frequent use of the j
Siegle's Otoscope or Speculum. An sound in speech.
instrument consisting of a glass-covered Sigmoid {sig'-moid) [a!y/ua, the letter s ;
box with a conical projection and a rubber £(r5of, likeness]. Shaped like the letter S.
tube attached laterally. When the conical S. Cavities, two depressions on the head of
projection is inserted hnnly into the external the ulna the greater is for articulation witli
;
auditory canal, and the air is compressed or the humerus the lesser, on the outer side of
;
rarefied, the movements of the drum-mem- the coronoid process, is for articulation with
brane may be observed. It is also used for the radius. S. Flexure, an S-shaped bend
the purpose of rendering the articulations of in the colon between the descending jiortion
the ossicles mobile. and the rectum, usually occupying the left
Sieve {si7') [AS., sife, sieve].
An apparatus iliac fossa. 2. Pertaining to the S. flexure
with a reticulated bottom, used for the separa- of the colon, as the S. artery, the S. meso-
tion of fine from coarse particles. The gauge colon.
of the sieve is usually expressed in the num- Sigmoidostomy [sig-inoi-dos' -to-me^ [rr/'j/zn,
ber of meshes per square inch. the letter J-; frroMo:, mouth]. The formation
Sigaultian Operation, Sigault's Operation of an artificial anus in the sigmoid flexure
[J. R. Siiâulf,
a French obstetrician]. Sym- of the colon.
physiotomy. Sign {s'lii') [signt/m, a mark]. A mark or
Sigh [si) [AS., sican, to sigh]. A pro- evidence ;
in a restricted sense, a physical
longed and deep inspiration followed by a S. S., Objective, S., Physical, one appa-
shorter expiration ; suspiriuni. rent to the observer. S., Subjective, one
Sight («/) [AS., si/it, sight]. The act of only recognized by the patient. table of A
seeing ; the special sense concerned in seeing. Eponyinic Signs and Symptoms is
appended.
TABLE OF EPONYMIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES.
Name.
SIGN SIGN
TABLE OF EPONYMIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES.— Con/inueJ.
Name.
SIGN SIGN
TABLE OF EPONYMIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES.— Cb«//««^^.
Name.
SIGN SIGN
TABLE OF EPONYMIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES.— Conîmied.
Name.
SIGN SIGN
TABLE OF EPONYMIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES.— Con^mued.
Name.
SIGN SIGN
TABLE OF EPONYMIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF T)IS¥.ASY.S..— Continued.
Name.
SIGNA SINAPIN
TABLE OF EPONYMIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BISEASES.—Conimued.
Name.
SINAPIS SITOMANIA
Sinapis {sin-a'-pis) [âiva-L, mustard]. See to form the internal jugular vein. S. of
Mnst.nJ. Morgagni, the interval between the upper
Sinapism [sin'-ap-izvi) \a'iva-L, mustard]. border of the superior constrictor muscle and
A mustard-plaster. the basilar process of the occi]iital bone. S.,
Sinapized [sin'-ap-izd) \_aivu-ni, mustard]. Occipital, a small venous S. in the attached
Containing mustard. margin of the fiil.v cerebelli, opening into the
Sincalin (sin^^'-ka-lin). A base found in torcular Herophili. S. pocularis. See
mustaril and identified with cholin. Uterus tnasculinus. S., Prostatic. See
Sincipital {sin sip' it
- - -
al) [sinciput']. Per- Uterus mascuiinus. S., Rhomboid, S.
taining to the sinciput. rhomboideus, the fourth ventricle of the
Sinciput {sin'-sip-ut') \jemi, half; caput, brain. S., Sphenoid, the air-space in the
head]. The superior and anterior part of body of the sphenoid bone, communicat
the head. ing with the nasal cavity. S., Straight, a
Sinew {sin'-ii) [AS., sinti, sinew]. See venous running from the inferior longitudi-
S.
Tendon. nal S. along the junction of the falx cerebri and
Singultus [sing-gul' -tus) See Hiccough. . tentorium to the lateral S. S., Superior Lon-
Sinigrin [sin'-ig-rin). See Mustard. gitudinal, a venous S. which runs along the
Sinistrad [sin' -is trad) [sinister, left ad, ; upper edge of the falx cerebri, beginning in
toward]. Toward the left. front at the crista galli and terminating at the
Sinistral (sin'-is-tral) [sinister, left]. On torcular Herophili. S., Superior Petrosal,
the left side. a venous S. running in a groove in the petrous
Sinistrin [sin'-is-trin) [sinister, left]. A portion of the temporal bone extending from
substance resembling dextrin, found in the posterior part of the cavernous S. to the
S'.[uills. lateral S. S., Terminal, S. terminalis, a
Sinus isi'-nus) [^/««j-, a gulf or hollow], i. vein that encircles the vascular area of the
A hollow or cavity a recess or pocket. 2.
; blastoderm, and empties either by one trunk,
A large channel containing blood, especially the anterior vitelline vein, into the left vitel-
one containing venous blood. 3. A suppura- line vein, or by two trunks into both vitelline
ting tract. S., Air-, a cavity within bones veins. S., Transverse, a S. uniting the
containing air, especially one communicating inferior petrosal sinuses. S., Urogenital,
with the nasal passages. S., Aortic. .See the canal or duct into which, in the embryo,
S. of Valsalva. S., Cavernous, a large the Wolffian ducts and the bladder empty,
venous S. extending from the sphenoid fis- and which opens into the cloaca. S. of
sure to the apex of the petrous portion of Valsalva, one of the pouch-like dilatations
the temporal bone, communicating behind of the aorta or pulmonary artery opposite the
with the inferior and superior petrosal segments of the semilunar valves.
sinuses and receiving the ophthalmic vein Sinus-phlebitis [si-nus-Jle-bi'-tis) [sinus, a
in front. S., Circular, a venous S. sur- gulf; phlebitis\ Inflammation of one of
rounding the pituitary body, and communicat- the sinuses of the cranial cavity.
ing on each side with the cavernous S. Sinus-thrombosis {si-nus-throm-bo' -sis) [5/-
S., Coronary {of the heart), a large venous «//.f, agulf; thrombosis']. Thrombosis of the
S. in the transverse groove between the left sinuses of the dura mater of the brain. It is
auricle and left ventricle of the heart. S., usually septic in character and is apt to lead
Frontal, one of the two irregular cavities to pyemia. The most frequent cause is dis-
in the frontal bone containing air and com- ease of the middle ear.
municating with tlie nose by the infundib- Siphon [si'-fon) [aiour, a tube]. A tube
ulum. S., Inferior Longitudinal, a venous bent at an angle, one arm of which is longer
S. which extends along the than the other, for the purpose of removing
posterior half of
the lower border of the falx cerebri and ter- liquids from a cavity or vessel.
minates in the straight S. S., Inferior Siphonoma (si-fon-o' -mah) [aiûv, siphon ;
Petrosal, a large venous .S. arising from the hua, tumor]. A tumor composed of fine
cavernous S. running along the lower margin
, tubes also known as IIenle\^ tubular tumor.
;
of the petrous portion of the temjioral bone, Sirenomelus (siren-om' -cl-us) [asLpiiv, mer-
and joining the lateral S. to form the internal maid ui'/.or limb]. A form of monster in
; ,
jugular vein. S. of Kidney, the prolonga- which the lower extremities are intimately
tion inward of the hilum of the kidney. S. fused, the feet being absent.
of the Larynx, the ventricle of the larynx. Sirup {sir'-2ip). See Syrup.
S., Lateral, a venous S. which begins at the Sitiophobia [sit-e-o-fo'-be-ah). See Sitopho-
torcular llerophili and runs horizontally on the bia.
inner surface of the occipital bone to the base Sitomania [si-to-ma' -ne-ah) [aZrof food
, ;
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, /jai'ia, madness]. I. A periodic craving for
where it unites with the inferior petrosal S. food; periodic bulimia. 2. Sitophobia.
SITOPHOBIA SMEGMA
{si-to-fo' -be-ah)
food trophic nerve-supply to the S. is cut off, as
Sitophobia [ff/TOf, ;
ooJof, fear]. Morbid aversion to food. after injury to a nerve. S., Goose-. See
Situs {si'-tus) [«V/«, site].
A position. S. Goose-skin. S. -grafting, the application of
viscerum inversus, an anomaly which
in pieces of the outer layers of healthy skin to a
the- viscera of the body are changed from the granulating surface for the purpose of hasten-
normal to the opposite side of the body. ing its cicatrization.
^\\.z\iaX\\.{siti'-batli) [Ger., ^//z,

a seat; bath\ Skiography {ski-og' -ra-fe) \_aK'ia, shadow ;
A hip-bath ;
a bath taken in a sitting pos- ypafsn', to write]. Photography by the Ront-
ture. gen or X-rays. Skotography, Skiagraphy,
Skatol (skat'-ol) {pKaroq, gen. of aKup, dung], Radiography, Electrography, Electroskio-
CgligN.^.
A
nitrogenous compound pro- graphy, Rontography, and the New Photo-
duced by the decomposition of proteids in graphy are some of the names that have been
the intestinal canal. proposed to designate the method.
Skeletal {skel'-et-al) \_skeleton'\. Pertaining Skoda's Sign, S.'s Resonance, or S.'s
to or connected with the skeleton or support- Tympany an Austrian physician].
[_Skoi/i7,
ing structure of a body. The tympanic percussion-note above the level
Skeletization (^skel-et-i-za' -shini) [d/if/froi', of a pleural effusion.
skeleton]. The process of converting into a Skodaic Resonance. See Skoda's Sig/i.
skeleton gradual wasting of the soft parts,
; Skotography [sko-/og^-ra -/e). See Skio-
leaving only the skeleton. graphy.
Skeletogenous {skel-et-oj'-en-iis) [ff/cfP.froi', Skull [skill) \\z(L\.,scal, a bowl]. The bony
skeleton; yfii'di', to produce]. Producing a framework of the head, consisting of the
skeleton or skeletal tissues. cranium and the face. The cranium is made
up of the occipital, frontal, sphenoid, and
-
et-
Skeletography {skel og' -ra-fe) \aKtki-6v,
skeleton ; ypdcpeiv, to write]. A description ethmoid bones, and the two parietal and two
of the skeleton. temporal bones. The face is composed of
Skeletology {skel-et-ol' -o-je) [ff/cf/frdy, skele- two two superior maxillary, two lacri-
nasal,
ton ; Tioyoq, science]. The branch of ana- mal, two malar, two palate, and two inferior
tomy treating of the skeleton. turbinated bone, and the vomer and inferior
Skeleton [skel'-et-on) [aKeAerov a dried body, , maxillary bone. S.-cap. i. The top of the
from aiikTJLEiv, to dry up]. A supporting skull. See Scutellaria.
2.
structure, especially bony framework

the Skunk-cabbage. The Dracontium foetidum,
(osseous S.) supporting and protecting the the rhizome of which is stimulant, antispas-
soft parts of an organism. S., Cartilaginous, modic, and narcotic, and has been used in
the cartilaginous structure from which the asthma, rheumatism, hysteria, and dropsy.
bony S. is formed through ossification. Sleep. The periodic state of rest in which
Skiagraphy {ski-ag'-ra-fe). See Skiagraphy. voluntary consciousness and activity cease.
Skiascopy [ski-as^- ko - pe) \pK\a, shadow ;
S. -epilepsy. See Narcolepsy. S., Hyp-
cTKn-di', to see]. See Retinoscopy. notic, S., Magnetic, S., Mesmeric. See
Skin [ME., ski)i skin]. ,
The
protective cov- Hypnotism. S.- walking. See Sonniavi-
ering of the body composed of the epider- btilisvt.
mis, scarf-skin, or cuticle, and the corium, Sleeping Sickness. See African Lethargy.
or true S. The epidermis consists of a deep Slender Column. See Funiculus gracilis.
layer, the stratum Malpighii, and three super- S. Lobe of Cerebellum, a small lobe in the
ficial layers, the stratum granulosum, the inferior surface of the cerebellum.
stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum. Slide [slid). A small, rectangular plate of
The corium, derma, or true S., consists of a glass upon which objects intended for ex-
papillary and reticular layer (stratum papil- amination with the microscope are placed.
lare and stratum reticulare), the former pro- Sling. A swinging bandage for supporting
jecting upward in the form of papillae. The an arm or other part.
true S. is made
up of elastic tissue, white Slough [sluf) [ME., slouh, the skin of a
fibrous tissue, and nonstriped muscular tissue
snake]. A mass of soft tissues destroyed by
(the arrectores pili). The subcutaneous tissue gangrene.
consists of fibroelastic and
adipose tissue. Sloughing [shif -ing) [ME., slouh, the skin
The appendages of the S. are the nails, of a snake]. Pertaining to or characterized
hiTirs, and sw'eat- and glands,sebaceous by sloughs.
which are derivatives
the of See Variola.
epithelial Small-pox.
layer of the S. In the skin are also placed Smee-cell. See Batteries, Table of.
terminal nerve-organs
subserving the sense Smegma [smeg'-mah) \_afif/yiia,
a cleansing
of touch. S. -bound Disease. See Sclero- Sebum. S. preputii, or simply
substance].
derma. S., Glossy, a peculiar shiny, S. the substance secreted by the sebaceous
,
glazed skin seen in conditions in which the glands of the prepuce.

SKELETON SKELETON
Head.
Cen'ical
vertebrae.
Clavicle.
Glenoid
fossa.
— Humerus.
Ilium.
Ulna.
Radius.
Acetabulum.
Carpus.
Metacarpus.
Phalanges.
Femur.
Patella.
Tibia.
Fibula.
Tarsus.
Metatarsus.
Phalanges.
Bony Skeleton.— {Btubakcr.)

SMELL SODIUM
Smell. I. The perception of odor. 2. Odor. Sodic [so'-diK) \soda, soda]. Derived from
Smelling-salts. A name applied to various or containing soda.
preparations of ammonium
carbonate flavored Sodium (so' -de-uni) \s0da'\. A
metallic ele-
with aromatic substances. ment of the alkaline group of metals, melt-
Smilax [si/ii'-iaks).
See Sarsaparilla. ing at 95-6° C. and having a specific gravity
,
Smith's Cramp. An
occupation-neurosis of 0.97, an atomic weight of 23, and a
occurring in smiths and characterized by
valence of one. Symbol Na, from the Latin
in the arm or hand. natrium. S. occurs widely distributed in
painful cramps
Sn. Symbol for tin (L.,
stannum). nature, and forms an important constituent
Snake-root. See Ciinicifuga, Senega, and of animal tissues. It has a strong affinity
for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements.
Serpentaria.
Snare [AS., snear, a cord]. loop of wireA It is also a constituent of many medicinal
or other material used in removing projecting preparations, the most important of which
are the following: S. acetate (Sodii .\cetas,
growths.
Sneeze {siiez) \_A.?i., fiuosan,
to sneeze]. A U. S. P.), NaC.^H302.3H./:), isdiuretic. Dose
sudden, noisy, spasmodic expiration through gr. XX- îj (1.3-8.0). S. arsenate (Sodii
the nose. arsenas,' U. S. P., B. P.), N,,HAsO,.7H.p,
Snellen's Types. See Test-types. is used like the other preparations of arsenic.
Snore, Snoring [ME., snoreii, to snore]. Dose gr. -ô-\ (0.C05-0.02). From it is
I. To breathe through the nose in such prepared Liquor sodii arsenatis. S. auro-
manner as to cause a vibration of the soft chlorid, chlorid of gold and sodium. See
producing a rough, audible Aiirmn. S. benzoate (Sodii benzoas, U.
palate, thereby
sound. The sound so produced.
2. S. P., B. P.), NaCHÔ.^, is used in gout,
Snow-blindness. See Blindness. rheumatism, lithemia, influenza, etc. Dose
Snuffles. Coryza,especially of infants, :5J-ij(4.0-8.0). S. bicarbonate (Sodii
which is frequently due to inherited syphilis. bicarbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), NaHCOg, is
Soap \_sapo\.
A chemic compound made used as an antacid in dyspepsia, gout, rheu-
by the union of certain fatty acids with an matism, lithemia, and diabetes. Dose gr. x-
alkali or other metal. According to the alkali J5j (0.65-4.0). S. bisulphite (Sodii bisul-
used, the S. formed is a potash-S., soda-S., phis, U. NaHvSOg, is used to check
S. P.),
ammonia-S., lead-S., lime-.S., etc. S.-bark. gastric fermentation, and as a parasiticide in
See Quillaja. S., Castile, S. made from skin-diseases. Dose gr. viij-xxx (0.52-2.0).
olive-oil. S.,Hard. ?,q& Soda-S. Potash-S. S. borate, or borax (Sodii Ijoras, U. S. P.,
(soft S. )
is made from linseed-oiland potash B. P.), Na„B^07.ioII,,0, is, used in dys-
(Sapo mollis, U. S. P.) or from olive-oil and menorrhea, in uric acid diathesis, in stoma-
potash (Sapo mollis, B. P.). From it is pre- titis, and as an antiseptic. In overdoses it is
pared Linimentum saponis mollis, U. S. P. a depressant poison. S. bromid (Sodii
Soda-S. is made from soda and olive oil bromidum, U. S. P., B. P.), NaBr, is used
(Sapo, U. S. P., Sapo durus, B. P.). From like the other bromids. Dose ^ss-îj
it are
prepared Emplastrum saponis (U. S. (2.0-8.0). S. carbonate (Sodii carbonas,
P.,B. P.), used as a local sedative; Linimen- U. S. P., B. P.), Na,,C03.ioH.,0. is used as
tum saponis (U. S. P., B. P.), liquid an antacid, and locally in diseases of the
opodeldoc, used as a sedative liniment in skin and in superficial burns. Dose gr. x—
rheumatic affections and sprains. Soda-S. ^ss (0.65-2.0). Dried S. carbonate (.Sodii
also enters into the composition of various carbonas exsiccatus, U. S. P., B. P.) is used
pills. S., Soft. See Potash-S. like the carbonate. Dose v-xv (0.32-1.0).
Sob. A convulsive inspiration due to contrac- S. chlorate (Sodii chloras, U. .S. P.), Na-
tion of the diaphragm and spasmodic closure
CIO3, has medical properties similar to
of the glottis. those of potassium chlorate, but is more solu-
Socaloin {so-kal'-o-in') \_Socotra, an island in ble. Dose gr. v-xv (0.32-I.0). S. chlo-
the Indian Ocean ; aknr), aloes]. See Aloes. rid (Sodii ch'loridum, U. S. P., B. P.), NaCl,
Socia parotidis {so'-se-ah par-ot' -id-is). A common salt, is a constituent of animal fluids
small separate lobe of the parotid gland. and tissues and of food. In medicine it is
Socket {sok' -et)\},V^., soket\ The concavity used as a stomachic in hemoptysis
;
as an ;
into which a movable part is inserted.

application to sprains and bruises as a tonic
;
Soda [so'-dah) [Ital.,from L., solidus, solid]. and stimulant in the form of salt-water baths ;
I. Sodium oxid,
NaÔ. 2. Sodium carbonate as a cathartic and in the form of a 0.6-0. 75
;
or sodium bicarbonate. S., Baking, per cent, solution to replace the loss of fluids
sodium bicarbonate. S., Caustic, sodium from hemorrhage or profuse diarrhea, being
hydroxid. S.-soap. See .^î*?/. S., Wash- used as an intravenous, subcutaneous, or
ing, sodium carbonate. S. -water, water rectal injection. S. citrate is used as a
impregnated with carbon dioxid. purgative. Dose 3 x-xiv (4.0-56.0J. S.
SODIUM SOLUBILITY
citrotartrate (Sodii citrotartras effervescens, _^j (16.0-32.0). Sodii sul]>has effervescens
l>.
v.) is refrigerant and laxative. Dose (B. P.) is used for the same jiurposes. Dose
_:^ (4.0-8.0). S. copaivate, NaC^H.^gO.^,
j-ij :5ij-iv (8.0-16.0). S. sulphite (Sodii sul-
is used like copaiba. S. dithiosalicylate is phis, U. S. P., B. P.), Na,,S03:7lI./), is
used like salicylic acid in rheumatism. Dose used like S. hyposulphite. S. sulphocar-
gr. iij (0.2). S. ethylate, NaOC.ÎIj, is bolate (Sodii sulj^hocarbolas, U. S. P., B.
used as a caustic. S. hydrate, S. hy- P.), Na.S()3CsH,(()H).2H.,0, is used locally
droxid, soda, caustic soda (Soda, U. S. P., as an antiseptic and internally as an antisep-
Sodacaustica, B. P.), NaOH, is an extremely tic in intestinal fermentation. Dose gr. x—
corrosive substance, occurring in the form of XXX (0.65-2.0). S. tartrate, Na.^QHÔg.-
it is used as a caustic and as
white pencils ; 211,^0, is used as an antacid and as a refrig-
an antacitl, like the bicarbonate. PYom it is erant in fevers. See S. citrotartrate. S.
prepared Liquor sodaa (U. S. P., I). P). valerianate (Sodii valerianas, B. P.) is
Dose (0.32-2.0).
rr\^v-xxx S. hypochlo- used as a nervous stimulant. Dose gr. ]-
rite, NaOCl, is a constituent of Liquor sodas (0.065-0.32).
chloratas, U. S. P. (Liquor sodse chlorinatre, Sodomy i^sod'-om-e) \_Sodoni, a city of ancient
B. P.), Labarraque's solution. S. hypo- Palestine]. Sexual connection by the anus.
phosphite (Sodii hvpophosphis, U. S. P.,B. Scemmering's Yellow Spot. The macula
P.), NaH,P().,.Hp', is used like the other lutea.
hypophosphites in pulmonary tuberculosis, Soft. Yielding readily to pressure not hard. ;
scrofula, rickets, etc. Dose gr. x-xxx (0.65- S. Palate. See Palate. S. Water, one
2.0). S. hyposulphite (Sodii hyposulphis, containing but little mineral matter and
U. S. P.), Na.^S,p3.5H,/3, is used to check forming free lather with soap.
fermentation, and locally in parasitic diseases Softening [sof'-en-ing). The act of becom-
of the skin and mouth. Dose gr. x-xx ing soft.
(0.65-1.3). S. iodid (Sodii iodidum, U. S. Solanin (so^-/an-in) \^so/anum, the night-

P., 13. P.), Nal, is used like potassium iodid. shade]. An alkaloid found in various species
S. nitrate (Sodii nitras, U. S. P., B. P.), of solanum.
NaNO.j, has l>een used in dysentery. Dose Solanum [so-ta^-ntii/i] [L.]. A genus of the
^ss-^j (16.0-32.0). S. nitrite (Sodii Solanacea? including the tomato, potato, bitter-
liitris, U. S. P., B. P.), NaN02, is used like sweet, and black nightshade. S.carolinense,
the other nitrites, but its effects are more horse-nettle, has been used in epilepsy.
slowly produced and more permanent. Dose Solar Plexus [so'-lar) \_sotaris, from sot, the
.gr. j-iij (0.065-0.2). See Nîfrite. S. sun, so called l)ecause of theradiatingnerves].
nitroprussid, Na.^F,(CN)3N(), is used as a A plexus consisting of a network of nerves
reagent. S. orthophosphate, S. phos- and ganglia (Solar Ganglia) and situated
phate (Sodii phosphas, U. S. P., B. P.), behind the stomach and in front of the aorta
Na.^HPO^. 12H2O, is a purgative and chola- and crura of the diaphragm. It receives the
gogue, and is used in jaundice, gall-stones, great splanchnic nerves and filaments from
diarrhea of children, and rickets. Dose gr. the right pneumogastric nerve, and supplies
iij-x (0.2-0.65) fo'' children gr. xx-xl ; branches to all the abdominal viscera.
(1.3-2.6) for adults; as a purgative, ,5J-ij Sole [sol) [AS., sole, sole]. The plantar
(32.0-64.0). Sodii phosphas effervescens surface of the foot. S. -reflex. See AV-
(B. P.) is used like the phosphate. Dose Jiexes, Table of.
^^îj-iv (8.0-16.0). S. and Potassiumtar- Soleus [so-leZ-iis').
A flat muscle of the
trate, Rochelle salt. See Potassium. S. calf. See Muscles, Table of.
pyrophosphate (.Sodii pyrophi\sphas, U. S. Solferino {sol-fer-e' -no) [an Italian city, the
P.), NajP207.loH20, is used
for preparing scene of a battle]. A synonym of Fuchsin.
ferric pyrophosphate. S. salicylate (Sodii Solid (.r('/^-/(/) \_solidus\ I. Firm; dense;
salicylas, U. S. P., B. P.), NaC-H.Og, has not fluid or gaseous. 2. Not hollow. 3. A firm
the properties and uses of salicylic acid. body a body the molecules of which are in
;
Dose gr. xv-xxx (1.0-2.0).

S. santoni- a condition of strong mutual attraction.
nate. See Santonin. S. silicate, Na.^.SiOg or Solidism [sol' -id-izin) \jolidns, solid]. The
Na^SiÔg, isused in preparing Liquor sodii theory that diseases depend upon alterations
silicatis, which is emploved as a surgical in the solids of the body.
dressing. S. silicofluorid, Na.j.SiFg, is said Solitary {sol' -it-a-re) [solitarins, solitar)].

to be antise|)tic. Its solution is known as Single existing separately
;
not collected;
sniufer. S. soziodol is used as a parasiti- together. S. Bundle, a strand of nerve-

cide in skin-diseases and as an antiseptic. fibers in the medulla S. Follicles, S.
S. sulphate, (jlauber's salt (Sodii sulphas, Glands, minute lymphatic nodules in the
U. S. P., B. P.), Na,,SO,.ioH,,0, is a hy- mucous membrane of the intestines.
dragogue cathartic and diuretic. Dose 3 ss- Solubility (sol-u- bil' -it e) \_solubilis, from
SOLUBLE SOUND
solvere, to dissolve]. The state of being in which the subject is possessed of all his
soluble. senses, often having the appearance of one
Soluble {sol'-u-bl) \_solubiUs\. Capable of awake, but whose will and consciousness are
being dissolved.
under the control of the hypnotizer.
Solution {so-ln' -shiai)\jolutio , {xom. solvere, X.o Somnifacient {soni-ne-fa'-shent) \joinnus,
loosen]. I. Aseparation or break, as S. of con- sleep; facere, to make]. I. Producing
tinuity. 2. The process of dissolving a solid, sleep. 2. A medicine producing sleep.
or of being dissolved. 3. A liquid in which a Somniloquence, Somniloquism, Somnilo-
substance has been dissolved. S., Dono- quy {som-niF -0- kcvens, som-niF -o-kwizm,
van's. See Arsenic. S., Fowler's. See Arse- sa)n-nil'-o-kzve) [somnus, sleep ; loqui, to
nic. Labarraque's.
S., See Sodium. S., talk]. The act of talking during sleep.
Monsel's. See Fermm. S., Normal. See Somnolentia {som-no-len'-she-ah) [L.].
iVormal. S., Normal Saline. See Saline. Sleep-drunkenness, a condition of incom-
S., Saturated. See Saturated. plete sleep in which a part of the
faculties
Solutol [sol-u^-tol) [solvere, to dissolve].
An are abnormally e.\cited, while the others are
alkaline solution of cresol in sodium cresy- in repose.
late, used as a disinfectant. Sonometer {so-nom' -et-er) \jouus, a sound ;
Solvent ^- I. An instrument for

{solvent) [Wz'i??-t', to dissolve]. I. uiiTpov, a measure].
Capable of dissolving. 2. A liquid capable determining the pitch of sounds and their
of dissolving. relation to the musical scale. 2. An instru-
Solveol {
neutral solution of
sol^ - ve-ol
)
. A ment for testing hearing.
cresol in sodium cresylate, used as a disin- Sonorous {so-no'-rtis) [sonics, sound]. Capa-
fectant. Ijleof producing a musical sound ; of rales,
Solvine (sol^- vin) \_solvere,
to dissolve]. One low-pitched.
of a series of liquids obtained from certain Soot-cancer. Epithelioma of the scrotum ;
oils by the action of concentrated sulphuric so-called from its frequency in chimney-
acid; it is a powerful solvent, and also pos- sweeps.
sesses the property of dissolving the red cor- So'p'h\sX.\C!Aion{so-fis-tik-a'-shun)[(jo(l)(aTiK6Q,
puscles. deceitful]. The adulteration or imitation of
Somacule {so' -mak-i'd)[dim. of auua, the a substance.
body]. A physiologic unit corresponding to, Sopor {so'-por) [L.]. .Sleep, especially the
but greatly more complex than, the chemic profound sleep symptomatic of a morbid con-
molecule. dition.
Somatic {so-mat'-ik) [cuiiariKoQ, from auun, Soporiferous {so-por-if er-us). See Sopor-
I. Pertaining to the body. 2. Per-
body]. ific.
taining to the framework of the body and Soporific {so-por-if -ik) [sopor, sleep facere, ;
not to the viscera. to make], i. Producing sleep. 2. A rem-

Somatology -0-
/e) [auun^ body
{so-mat-ol^ ; edy producing sleep.
?i6}og, science]. The
study of anatomy and Sorbefacient {sor-be-fa' -shent ) [sorbere, to
physiology, or of organized bodies; biology suck facere, to
;
make]. Promoting ab-
apart from psychology. sorption.
Somatome {so' -!nat-d/?i) [ffwura, body ; Touij, Sordes {sor'-dez) [sordere, to be foul]. Filth,
a cutting]. A transverse segment of an or- dirt, especially the crusts that accumulate on
ganized body ;
a somite. the teeth and lips in continued fevers.
Somatopleure {so-mat'-o-plur) [aujia, the Sore. I. Painful ;
tender. 2. An ulcer or
body; TrAfupd, the side]. The body-wall. wound.
Somite {so'-mit) [ffu/za, the body]. I. A Souffle(jw'';/?) [Fr.]. A blowing sound. S.,
segment of the body of an embryo. 2. One Fetal, an inconstant murmur heard over the
of a series of segments of the mesoblast on uterus during pregnancy, and supposed to be
each side of the dorsal ridge of the embryo ; due to the compression of the umbilical cord.
a protovertebra a protovertebral or meso-
; S., Funic or Funicular, a hissing sound, syn-
blastic S. chronous with the fetal heart-sounds, heard
Somnal {som'-nal) [j(jw«/«, sleep] crys- . A over the abdomen of a pregnant woman, and
talline substance, a
compound of chloral hy- supposed to be produced in the umbilical
drate and urethane. It is diuretic and
hyp- cord. S., Splenic, a sound said to be audi-
notic. Dose gr. xxx (2.0). ble over the spleen in cases of malaria and
Somn3imhM\ism{som-nani'-hn-lizi>i)[so>}in!is, leukemia. S., Placental, S., Uterine, a
sleep; a>nl>ulare,\.o \v?lW]. I. The condition sound heard in the latter months of preg-
of half-sleep, in which the senses are but
nancy, and caused by the entrance of blood
partially suspended ;
also sleep-walking, into the dilated arteries of the uterus.
a condition in which the individual walks Sound [i. sonus, sound; 2. Fr., sou Jer, io
during sleep. 2. The type of hypnotic sleep probe]. I. The sensation produced by
SOUTHERN-WOOD SPECULUM
stimulation of the auditory nerve by aerial Spasticity {spas - lis' - it -
e) [(T7raoTt/c(5f, from
vibrations. 2. An instrument for introduc- n-deiv, to draw]. The state of
being spastic.
tion into a channel or cavity, for determining Spatula {spat'-ii-lah) [L., dim. of spatJia, a
the presence of constriction, foreign bodies, ladle]. A flexible blunt blade used for
or other morbid conditions, and for the purpose spreading ointments.
of treatment. Spay [Gael.,.?/£>//<]. To remove the ovaries.
Southern-wood. See Ar/e/nisia. Spearmint (spei-' -mint). See Mentha viri-
Southey's Drainage-tubes. Small tubes dis.
employed for draining away the fluid from Species {spe'-sh'ez) [L.]. i.. sul)division A
limbs that are the seat of extensive anasarca. of a genus of animals or plants the individuals
Sozin [so'-zin) \âuC,Ei.v, save, keep]. A de- of which are either identical in character or
fensive proteid occurring naturally in the differ only in unimportant and inconstant de-
animal body. One capable of destroying tails. 2. A powder made from the leaves or
microorganisms is termed a mycosozin, one other parts of various plants, and used to pre-
antagonizing bacterial poisons, toxosozin. pare a medicinal infusion.
Soziodol, Soziodolic Acid (so-zi'-o-dol, so- Specific [spc-sif -ik) \_specics, species; fa-
z,i-o-dol' -ik) \_au^nv, to save ; <(j(5//f, like a cere, to make]. I. Of or pertaining to a spe-
violet], CBH,,l2(^03H)on. crystalline,A which distinguishes a thing or
cies, or to that
odorless powder used as an antisejjtic, disin- makes it of the species of which it is. 2. A
fectant, and parasiticide, chiefly in the form medicine which has a distinct curative influ-
of its salts, of which the following have been ence on an individual disease. 3. Produced
employed: Sodium S., potassium S., zinc S., by a single microorganism, as a S. disease;
and mercury S. in a restricted sense, syphilitic. S. Gravity.
Sozolic Acid [so-zo'-lik). See Aseptol. See Gravity. S. Heat. See Heat.
Space-sense. A sense by which we judge Specificity (spes-if-is'-it-e') \^species, species ;
of the relation of objects in space ;
it is a part facere, to make]. The quality of being
of the sense of sight. specific.
Spanemia {^span-e' -nie-ali) \pnavic, scarcity ; Specillum {spe-siV -ttvi) [L.]. A probe.
a//m, blood]. Anemia. Specimen (j/d'5''-7'w-f«) [L.]. An example ;
Spanish Fly. See Cantharis. S. Wind- a sample.

See Windlass. {spck'- tak a
-
lass. Spectacles Iz) \_spectaculiim,
Sparadrap [spar' -a-drap^ \sparadrapHm'\. show, from spectare, to
view]. A pair of
A plaster, spread upon cotton, linen, silk, lenses set in a frame, and used for the cor-
leather, or paper. rection of optic defects of the eye.
Spargosis \spar-go' -sis) \_a-n:apyaiiv, to be Spectral {spek' -tral) \jpectrii7n, image].
distended], i. Enlargement of the breasts Pertaining to a spectrum.
from accumulation of milk. 2. Elephantiasis. Spectrometer (spck-trom'-et-e?-') \^spectrttm ;
Spartein (^spar'-te-iii).
An alkaloid found in /jerpov, measure]. An
instrument for deter-
Scoparius, the sulphate of which (.Sparteine mining the deviation of a ray of light produced
sulphas, U. S. P. ) is used as a cardiac stimu- by a prism or diffraction-grating, or for ascer-
lant and diuretic. Dose gr. ^^-^ (o.oi- taining the wave-length of a ray of light.
0.032). Spectrometry {spek-trond -et-re') \_spectrum,
Spasm {spazm) [aTraa/io^, spasm]. A sudden image; //irpov, measure]. The use of tlie
muscular contraction. S., Clonic, a S. spectrometer.
broken by relaxations of the muscles. S., Spectroscope {spe¥ -tro-skop) [spectnan, an
Habit-, a S. acquired from habit. S., image; (TKorrtvr, to see]. An instrument for
Handicraft. See Occitpation-neuyosis. S., the production and examination of the spec-
Tetanic, S., Tonic, a S. that persists with- trum.
out relaxation lor some time. Spectroscopic [spek-tro-skop' -ik) \_specirnm,
Spasmo- [awaai^w^, spasm].
[spaz^-nio-) A image; aKorrdv, to view]. Pertaining to the
prefix denoting pertaining to spasm. spectroscope.
^
Spasmodic (spaz-mod spasm].
-ik) [<T7rrz(T/zdf, Spectrum (spek'- trmit) [E. an image]. ,
Pe'rtaining to or characterized liy spasm. S. 1. The band of rainbow-colors produced by
Spinal Paralysis. .See Lateral Sclerosis. decomposing light by means of a prism or a

Spasmophilia (spaz-ino-fiF -e-ah) diffraction-grating. 2. An after image, or
[(Tn-acr//f5f ,
spasm; (piAtsiv, to love]. A morbid tend- ocular spectrum. S. -analysis, determina-

ency to convulsions. tion of the nature of bodies by the character
Spastic (spas' -tik) [aTraaTLKor, spastic]. Per- of their spectra.
taining to or characterized l)y spasm Speculum [spek'-ii-liivi') fE.]. i. A mirror.
pro- ;
duced by spasm. S. Diplegia. See Para- 2. An

instrument for dilating the opening of
pleiîa, lufantilc Spasmodic. S. Paralysis. a cavity of the body in order that the interior
See Paralysis. may be more easily visible, as vaginal S., rectal
SPEECH SPHENOETHMOID
S., nasal S., etc. S., Sims', a vaginal S. seed ; a-upog, a seed]. A primitive cell
invented l>y J.
Marion Sims. giving rise by division to spermatoblasts.
Speech [AS., sprecan, to speak]. I. The Spermatozoid {spur-mat-o-zo' -id). See
faculty of expressing thought by spoken ;
words Spertnatozoon.
the act of speaking. 2. The words spoken. Spermatozoon {spur-mat o-zo'-on) [cr-fp/ia,
S. -center, the cerebral center for speech. semen C<JOi', animal]. The male element
;
See Center. capable of fecundating the ovum. It con-
Sperm, Sperma [spur'- ma fi) [a^fp/m, seed]. sists of an oval head, and a long, mobile
The semen. S.-cell, a spermatoblast. cilium or tail. It is the essential element of
Spermaceti (^sper-mas-e'-te) [awepua, seed; the semen.

K/;rof, whale], CigHjiO.^j.CigH^g. A white, Spermaturia {spur-mat-u' -re-ah) \cKkpim,
semitransparent substance (Cetaceum, U. S. P. , seed ; urina, urine]. The presence of se-
B. P.), consisting of a mixture of various fats men in the urine.
of which cetyl palmitate, CjBH3.j(C,gH3,03), Spermin (spur' -min) [crrrf/j/â, seed], C.,H-N.
is the most important. It is oL)tained from A nonpoisonous base obtained from sputum,
the head of the sperm-whale, and is used human semen, the organs of leukemic pa-
internally as an emollient and as an ingredient tients, etc. It has been used in neurasthenia,
of various ointments. Ceratum cetacei (U. senile debility, diabetes mellitus, and pul-
S. P.) and Unguentum cetacei (B. P.) are monary tuberculosis. S. phosphate consti-
prepared from it. tutes the Charcot-Leyden crystals.
Spermatic {spur- mat' -ik') \_aK€piLta, seed]. Spermoblast {spur' -mo-blast). See Sperma-
I. Pertaining to the semen. 2. Conveying toblast.
the semen, as, e. g. , the S. cord. 3. Pertaining Spermop'lasm {spur'
-
mo plazm) [airfpua,
-
to the S. cord, as, e. g., the S. fascia. seed; Tr/.duaetv, to mold]. The protoplasm
Spermatin {spur' -mat-in) \_aTvi:pâ, seed]. of the spermatoblast.
An odorless, mucin-like substance found in Spermosphere {spur' -mo-sfer) [_aTrep/na, seed;
semen. a(paipa, sphere]. A mass of spermatoblasts.
Spermato- {spur-maf -0-) ^[^cirEpfia, seed]. A Spermospore {spur' -t/to-spor). See Sperma-
meaning pertaining to the semen.
prefix tospore.
Spermatoblast {spur' -mat-o-hlast) \aixkpaa, Sphacelate, Sphacelated {sfas'-el-at, sfas'-
seed ; jS/.affror, sprout]. A cell resulting from el-a-ted) [rrcxihtPior, dead]. Necrosed; gan-
the division of the spermatogenic cell and grenous ; mortified.
developing into a spermatozoon. Sphacelation ( sfas-el-a'-shun ) [ aipa.Ki?iog,
Spermatocele {spur'
-
mat - o- sel) [^crrrep/ia, dead]. The formation of a sphacelus ;
moist
seed K>jlr/, tumor]
; spermatic cyst or
. A gangrene.
encysted hydrocele containing spermatozoa. Sphaceloderma {sfas-el-o-der' -mah) [(7(ia/cE-
Spermatocystitis {spur - mat - o-sis -t/' - t/'s) /lof, dead; Ciangrene of the
Sfp/ia, skin].
[ff-fp«a, seed Kvarif;, cyst; ir^f, inflamma-
; skin, especially symmetric gangrene, or Ray-
tion]. Inflammation of the seminal vesi- naud's disease.
cles.
Sphacelus {s/as'-el-us) [oodneAoq, gangrene].
Spermatocyte {spur'
-
mat - sit)
-
[âirep/xa, A slough.
seed ; kvto^, cell]. The germinal cell from Sphaerobacteria {sfe -ro
- bak -
te'- re -
ah).
which the spermatozoon develops. See Spherobacteria.
Spermatogenesis, Spermatogeny ( spur- Spheno- {sfe'-no-) \oi^r}v, wedge]. prefix A
mat-o-jen'-es-is, spur-mat-oj'-en-e) [GTcepfia, denoting pertaining to the sphenoid bone.
seed; yevvav, to produce]. The formation Sphenobasilar {sfe baz - il ar) [ct^v', ' -
of spermatozoa.
wedge jlaatc, base]. Pertaining conjointly
;
Spermatogenic {spur-mat-o-jen' -ik) \_(r7rEpfia, to the sphenoid bone and the basilar portion
seed; yEPvav, to beget]. Producing sperma- of the occipital bone.
g., the S. cells of the testicle.
tozoa, as, e.
Sphenoccipital {s/e
-
nok -
sip'
- it -
al) \_a<j>rjv.
Spermatogonium {spur- mat- o -go'- ne-tim) wedge; occiput occ\Yi\\\.'\. Pertaining to the
,
seed
[(T;rfpu(i, >oi'^, generation].
; A forma- sphenoid and the occipital bone.
tive seminal cell or mass of
spermatoblasts. Sphenocephalus {sfe no - sef'-al- us) [_r!iprp', -
Spermatophore {spur' -mat wedge K£(bnAr/, head]. A variety

-
-for) [aTctpiia, ;
of monster
seed ; FpELi!, to bear]. I. The part of the in which the two eyes are well separated, the
spermospore that is not converted into a ears united under the head, the jaws and
sjiermatoblast. 2. A
semitransparent capsule mouth distinct, and the sphenoid bone altered
surrounding a group of spermatozoa. in shape, so that
it is
analogous in form to
Spermatorrhea {spur-mat-or-e' -ah) [oTrepua, what found normally in birds.
is
seed; poia, a flow]. Involuntary discharge Sphenoethmoid {sfe-no-eth' -moid) [fT.i)//i',
of semen without sexual excitement. sieve
wedge; r;^//of, ; e(f5o^, like]. Relating
Spermatospore {spur'-mat-o-spdr) [aKep/na, to both the sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
SPHENOID SPII.OMA
Sphenoid {sfd^-noid) [(yp'/v, wedge ; eh^nr, Sphygmogram [s/ig''- mo-gram) [a(j)i'y/i6g,
like]. Wedge-shaped, as the S. bone, or S. pulse; ypdipELv, to write]. The tracing made
Sphenoido- {sfe-noi^ -i/o-)\_a(i>yv, wedge; ddog, by the sphygmograph.
like]. Pertaining to the sphenoid bone. Sphygmograph [sfig'-;/io-gra/) [acpvyfior,
Sphenoido{Tonta\{s/e-u<n-i/o-/run^-/i!/)[a(p/'/i>, pulse; ypcKptLv, to write]. An instrument
for recording graphically the features of the
wedge; /)v«j, forehead]. Pertaining to the
sphenoid and frontal bones. pulse and the variations in blood pressure.
Sphenoidoparietal [sfe-noi-do-par-i' -et-al ) Sphygmographic {sfig-mo-graf'-ik) \a^vy-
[fT0/)!', wedge; paries, wall]. Pertaining to fioQ, pulse; ypafsiv, to write]. Pertaining
the sphenoid and parietal bones. to the sphygmograph.
Sphenomaxillary [sfe no maks'- il- a re)
- - -
Sphygmology ( s/ig
-
mol' - o -je ) [ a^vyjioc;,
[txovi^, wedge maxilla, maxilla].

;
Pertain- pulse; Aoyoc, treatise]. The branch of medi-
cine dealing with the characters of the jiulse.
ing to the sphenoid and maxillary bones, as,
e.
g., the S. fossa.. Sphygmomanometer ( s/ig-tno-i/ian-o>n' et-
Sphenooccipital [sfe-no-ok-sip'-it-al). See er) pulse
[(T0vy/ôf, ftavu^, rare /itrpov,
; ;
Spheuoccipitat. measure]. An instrument for measuring the

Sphenoorbital [sfe - iio-or' -bil al)
-
[_a<j)//v,
tension of the blood-current.
wedge; orbita, orbit]. Pertaining to the Sphygmometer {s/ig- mom' - et- er ). See
sphenoid bone and the orbit. Sphygmograph .
Sphygmophone sfig' -mo- fott

-
Sphenopalatine {sfe-tio pal' -at-iii) \p<\-)i]v, ( ) [ afvy/i6g,
wedge palatum,; palate]. Pertaining to the pulse; sound].

(fxjvi;,
A sphygmograph in
sphenoid bone and the pa'ate, as, (?.^. ,
the S. which the vibrations of the pulse produce a
foramen. sound.
Sphenoparietal [sfe-no-par-i' -et-al) [ff>p>/i>, Sphygmoscope [s/ig'-f/io-skop) [G((>vy/ju^,
wedge paries, wall].
; Pertaining to the pulse; GKimnv, to examine]. An instrument
sphenoid and parietal bones. for showing the movements of the heart or
Sphenopetrosal (sfe-no-pe-tro' -sal ) \_a(î]v, the pulsations of a blood-vessel.

wedge iVETpa, rock].
; Pertaining to the Sphygmosystole (s/tg-mo-sis'-to-le) [atpvy/ndr,
sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the pulse; (Tt'OTo/lA/, contraction]. That part of
temporal bone. the sphygmogram produced under the influ-
Sphenotic \sfe-no'-tik) [fr^'/i', wedge ; ovq, ence of the cardiac systole upon the pulse.
ear]. A
part of the sphenoid bone, existing Sphyrotomy [sfi-rof -o-me) \ci(^vpa, malleus ;
as a distinct bone in the fetus, and forming Toiii], a cutting]. An operation consisting in
the parts adjacent to the carotid groove. the removal of the malleus or its handle, to-
Sphenotribe [sfe'-iio-trib) \p<-îiv, wedge ; gether with a portion of the membrana tym-
ri)i:-Srn', to rub]. An
instrument for crush- pani.
ing the basal portion of the fetal skull. Spica {spi'-kah) [L.].
A spike. S. -band-
Spheric, Spherical {s/er'-ik, sfer'-ik-al). age. See Bandage.
I
laving the shape of or pertaining to a sphere. Spicule [spik'-ul) [dim. of spica, a spike].
S. Aberration, See Aberration. A minute, sharp-pointed body, as a S.of bone.
Spherobacteria {^fe-ro-bak-te'-re-ah')\a<âipa, Spider-cells. The cells of the neuroglia.
sphere; paKTi/ptov, a rod]. The micrococci. See Deiters' Cells.
Spherometer (s/e-rom'-et-er)\â(j)a7pa, sphere ; Spigelia (spi-j'e'-le-ah) [after Adrian van der
uhpov, a measure]. An instrument for deter- Spiegel, a Belgian physician]. Pink-root,
mining the degree of curvature of a sphere a genus of plants of the order Loganiacece.
or part of a sphere, especially of optic lenses, The rhizome and rootlets of S. marilandica
or of the tools used for grinding them. (S., U. S. P.) contain a volatile alkaloid,
Sphincter [s/ingk'-ter) \_a(f>'iyyetv,
to hind]. spigelin, and are used as an anthelmintic
A muscle surrounding and closing an orifice, against the round worm. Dose gr. x-xx
as, £'.
g., the anal S., the pyloric S.,etc. (0.65-1.3) for a child .^j-ij (4.0-8.0) for
;
Sphincterotomy [sfingk-ter-ot' -o-me) \sphinc-

an adult. Dose of Extiactum spigelia fluidum
ter; TOjii], a cutting]. The operation of in- (U. S. P.) Tr^x-xx (0.65-1.3) Vor a child;
cising a sphincter. f^j-ij (4.0-8.0) for an adult.
Sphingoin {sphing' -go-iti) [_ci<j>lyyEni, to bind]. Spigelian Lobe [spi-je'-le-an) [after Adrian
A leukomain derived from cerebral tissue. van der Spiegel, a Belgian physician]. A
Sphygmic [sfig'-mik) [pt^vyjioq, pulse]. Per- small lobe of the liver projecting from the
taining to the pulse. back part of the inferior surface of the right
Sphygmo- [sfig'-mo-) \a<^vyu6(;, pulse]. A lobe.
prefix signifying pertaining to the pulse. Spikenard [spik'-nard )

name given to . A
Sphygmochronograph {sfig
- mo -
kro' -
no - the rhi/.ome of various species of Valeriana.
graf) \_G(i>vyu6c^, pulse jpovof time ypa<f£iv,
; , ; Spiloma [spi-lo'mah). See Navus vascu-
to write]. A form of sphygmograph. laris.
SPINAL CORD SPINAL CORD
Upper cervical region
Cer\'ical enlargement ;
upper part.
Middle part.
Lowest part.
Upper dorsal region.
Lower dorsal.
Lumbar region ;
upper part.
Middle.
Lower part.
Vertebral Column, Lateral Aspect. . Sacral region.
1-7. Cervical vertebrae. 8-19. Dorsal verte-

brse. 20-24. Lumbar vertebrae. A, A.
Spinous processes. B, B. Articular Transverse Sections of Spinal Cord, Showing the Shapes
facets of transverse processes of first
ten dorsal vertebrie.
—
of the Gray Matter at Different Levels. (Omerod.)
C. Auricular
surface of sacrum. D, D. Foramina The white matter has been stained black (according to
in transverse processes of cervical ver- Pal and Weigert's method), while the gray matter re-
tebrae. mains unstained.
SPINAL CORD SPINAL CORD
c.tioo^5
—
Columns of Spinal Cord. {From Tyson.
A.. C. Anterior commissure. P. C. Posterior commissure. I. g. s. Intermediate gfray substance. P. Cor.
Posterior cornu. c. c. p. Caput cornu posterioris. L. L. L. Lateral limiting layer. A.-L. A. T.
Anterolateral ascending tract, which extends along the periphery of the zox<\.— {^Gowers.)
Floor of fourth ven-

tricle. 2. Superior
cerebellar pedun-
cle. 3. Middle cere-
bellar peduncle. 4.
Inferior cerebellar
peduncle. 5. En-
largement at upper
extremity of pos-
teromedian column.
6. G OS sopharyn-
1
geal nerve. 7.
Vagus. S. Spinal
accessory. 9,9,9,9.
Ligament umdentic-
ulatum. 10, 10, lo,
10, Posterior roots
of spinal nerves. 11,
11, II, II. Postero-
lateral fissure. 12,
12, 12, 12. Ganglia
of posterior roots.
13, 13. Anterior
roots. 14. Division
of united roots into
anterior and poste
rior nen-es. 15
Terminal extreniily
of cord. 16, 16.
Filum terminalf.
17, 17. Can da
equina. I. \'lll.
Cervical nerves. I,
XII. Dorsal nerves.
I, V. Lumbar
nerv'es. I, V. Sacral
nerves.
Superior or Ctrvical Seg- Middle (ir Dois.d Por- Inferior Portion of Cord
ment of Spinal Cord. tion of Cord. and Cauda Equina.
SPILOPLAXIA SPIRITUS
Spiloplaxia [spi-lo-plaks' -e-aJC) [ff-Z/of, spot ; spinal ganglion. Beyond the ganglion the
-/(/^, a broad surface]. A synonym of two roots unite to form, in the
sjiinal canal,
Leprosy. the mixed trunk of a spinal nerve. The
Spina (spi'-7iali) [L-]- Spine. S. bifida, anterior roots supply efferent fibers to all the
a protrusion of the spinal membranes througli voluntary muscles of the trunk and extremi-
a congenital cleft of the lower part of the ties, to the smooth muscular fibers of the
vertebral column. S. cervina. See Biick- bladder, ureter, uterus, etc. , vasomotor, in-
thoi-n. hibitory, secretory, and trophic fibers. The
Spinal [spi'-nal)\_spina, spine]. Pertain-
I.
posterior roots carry afferent impulses.
ing to the spine. 2. Pertaining to the S. Spinalis I.
[spi-na^-lis) \_spuia, spine].
cord. S. Accessory Nerve. See A'et-ves, Spinal. 2. A muscle attached to the
spi-
Table of. S. Canal. See Canal, Vertebral. nous processes of the vertebroe. See Muscles,
S. Column, the vertebral column, composed Table of.
of vertebrce, intervertebral cartilages, and lig- Spinant [spi'-nant) [spina, spine]. drug A
aments. S. Cord, the neural structure occu- or other agent increasing the reflex
excitability
pying the vertebral canal and extending from of the spinal cord strychnin is a spinant.
;
the atlas to the first lumbar vertebra, and Spindle-tree. See Eiconyimis.
terminating in the filum terminale. It is Spine {spin) [spina, a thorn], i. A sharp
covered by the S. membranes (the pia mater, process of bone. 2. The back-bone or
spinal
arachnoid, and dura mater) and is divided column.
into symmetric halves by the anterior and
Spinobulbar {spi-nobitl'-bar) [spina, spine ;
posterior median fissures. These halves are bnlbus, the medulla oblongata]. Pertaining
joined together by the anterior wliite commis- to the spinal cord and the medulla
oblongata.
sure and the gray commissure. In the middle
Spinoneural (spi-no-nn'-ral) [.?//;/(?, spine ;
of the latter is the central canal, a continua- I'si'por, nerve]. Pertaining to the spinal cord
tion of the ventricular cavities of the brain. and the peripheral nerves.
Each half of the S. cord consists of an in- Spinous Resem-
[spi'-mis) [spina, spine].
ternal mass of gray matter and an outer
bling or pertaining to a spine, as, e. g., the S.
covering of white matter. The former is process of the tibia or of a vertebra.
subdivided into the anterior and posterior Spintherism {spin'-l/ier-iznt) [aKiv6epi[,Eiv,
horns, which are made up of ganglion -cells, to emit sparks]. The sensation of sparks
nerve-fibers, and delicate fibrillae, and a modi- dancing before the eyes.
fied neuroglia, the substantia
gelatinosa. The Spiral (.f//^-;-«/) [.?/?;-«', a spire] i. Wind- .
white matter is divided Ijy the two gray

ing like the threads of a screw, as, e. g.,a. S.
horns into three columns the anterior,
:
bandage. 2. A
curve having a S. course.
lateral, and posterior. These are again sub- Spirem (spi'-rem) [spira, a coil, a twist].
divided into distinct physiologic tracts. Thus The close skein, or mother skein, of chroma-
the anterior column includes the direct tin-fibrils in a cell
pyra- undergoing mitotic divi-
midal tract (Turck's column) and the ante- sion.
rior ground-bundle, or anterior radicular
zone, Spirillum {spi-ril'-uin') [spirillum, dim. of
which is continuous with the adjacent part A genus
spira, a coil]. of bacteria having a
of the lateral column. In the latter the fol- See Bacteria, Table of. S.-
spiral shape.
lowing tracts are distinguished the crossed
:
fever. See Relapsing Fever.
pyramidal, direct cerebellar, anterolateral Spirit [spir'-ii)[spiritHS, breath, from spirare,
(Gowers' tract), and mixed lateral tract. to breathe], i. The soul. 2. An alcoholic
The posterior column contains the postero- solution of a volatile substance. See
.Spiritns.
median tract (Goll's column) and the postero-
3. Alcohol. S., Corn-, whisky obtained by
lateral or
posteroexternal tract (Burdach's the distillation of corn. S., Potato-,
The spinal cord is the conductor whisky
column). obtained by the distillation of S., potatoes.
of impulses from and to the brain, as well
Proof-, diluted alcohol (.'Mcohol dilutum, U.
as a center for reflex acts. S. Epilepsy. S. P. ; Spiritus tenuior, B. P.) containing
See Epilepsy. S. Irritation, a form of about 41 per cent, by weight of absoUue
neurasthenia characterized
by pain in the ethyl alcohol. S., Rectified, (Spiritus rec-
back, tenderness along the spines of the
tificatus, B. P.), containing 16 per cent, of
vertebra?, fatigue on slight exertion, and oc- water.
casionally numbness and tingling in the limbs. Spirituous {spir'-it-u-us) [spiritus, spirit].
S. Nerves, the 31
pairs of nerves arising -Mcoholic ;
pertaining to alcoholic liquors.
from the S. cord, and into 8
grouped Cet~c>ica'l, Spiritus [spir'-it-ns) [L.]. See .Spirit. S.
12 Dorsal, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, I Coccygeal. frumenti, whisky, a spirit obtained by the
Each by two roots, a dorsal (gangli-
arises
distillation of fermented grain. S. chloro-
ated) root and a ventral (anterior, nongan- formi is used as a carminative. Dose TTL x-
gliated) root. On the dorsal root is the Ix S. juniperi,
(0.65-4.0). gin or whisky
SPIROBACTERIA SPLENO-
witliwhich juniper-berries and hops have been Spleen [spier/) [air'/.ijv , spleen]. One of the
distilled. S. odoratus, cologne-water. S. abdominal viscera, situated just below the
vini gallici, brandy a liquor obtained by ; diaphragm on the left side, and connected
the distillation of wine. I'or other varieties with the hematopoietic system. It is covered
of Spiritus, see the different drugs. by a fiijroelastic capsule from which trabecule
Spirobacteria [spi-ro-bak-te' -n-ah) \^spira, a radiate into the organ. In the spaces formed
spiral; iSaKri/iuor, bacteriuni'\. Spiral bac- by these are found collections of lymphoid
teria. tissue (the Malpighian corpuscles) and the
Spirocheta, Spirochceta [spi
- ro - ke'- ta/i) splenic pulp. The Maljjighian corpuscles
\_spii'a,
a coil ; j«/r?/, a bristle]. A genus of surround the small Ijranches of the splenic
bacteria characterized by tlexil)le, spiral fila- artery. The splenic pulp consists of a delicate
ments. See Bacteria, Table of. reticulum containing large connective-tissue
Spirograph [spi' -ro-graf) [spirare, to breathe ; cells, lymphoid cells, and red corpuscles. The
ypdipfiv, to write]. An
instrument for register- spleen receives a large amount of blood, which
ing the tnovements of respiration. in passing from the termination of the splenic
Spirometer i^spi- rom'- et -

e7-) [spirare, to artery to the beginning of the splenic vein is
breathe; /lerpov, a measure]. An instru- probably not held within walls, but comes in
ment for measuring the quantity of air taken direct contact with the lymphoid tissue. The
in and given out in forcible respiration. S. normally weighs about 2CK3 grams. S.,
-
Spirometry (spt ro7ii'- et re) \_spirare, to -
Accessory, a detached portion of splenic
breathe; measure].
/«'t/joi', The determina- neighborhood of the spleen.
tissue in the S.,
tion by means of the spirometer of the amount Floating. SeeS.,ll'a7!tleri7/g. S. Sago-,
of air taken in and given out during respira- one of which the Malpighian follicles are the
tion. seat of amyloid change. S., Wandering,
Spirophore [spi^-ro-fdr) \_spirare, to breathe ; one that is movable, owing to relaxation of
ifitpeii', to carry]. An
instrument for per- its attachments.
forming artificial respiration. Splen- {splt'7!-) \_(7Tr?j'p', spleen]. A prefix
Spirulina (^spi -ru- li'-7tah') [^spirilla, from denoting pertaining to the spleen.
spira, a coil]. A spiral microorganism of Splenadenoma [splen-ad-en-o' -77iah) [anlTjv,
spindle shape. spleen; a(5/)r, gland; 6//a, tumor]. Hyper-
Spissated [spis'-a-ted). See Inspissated. plasia of the lymphoid tissue of the spleen.
Spissitude (spis^-ii-fui)[_sp!ssa?-e, to tliicken]. Splenalgia [spleri-al'-jc-ah) [pjiz'/i/v, spleen;
The state of being inspissated. aXjoî pain]. Neuralgic pain in the spleen.
Spittle [spit^-l). See Saliva. Splenculus (sple7i'-ku-lns) \a-7iriv, spleen].
Splanchnic [splangk^-?iik) [(TTrP.ayji'a, vis- An accessory spleen.
cera] .
Pertaining to or supplying the viscera. Splendid Line of Haller. See Lines, Table
S. Nerves, three nerves, the great, lesser, of.
and least, or renal S. derived from the sym-
, Splenectomy (jr//c'«-i?/^'-/o-wf)[(T7r/'.?)i', spleen ;
pathetic system. itiToîj, Excision of the spleen.

excision].
Splanchno- [splangk' -no-') [ffTT/ldyjva, vis- Splenemia [sple7i-e'-77ie-ah) \_Gn7.iiv, spleen ;
cera]. A prefix denoting pertaining to the «///«, blood]. Splenic leukemia.

viscera. Splenic [sple/i'-ik) [utt/'.//]', spleen]. Pertain-
Splanchnography {splangk-nog' -7-a-fe') . See ing to or affecting the s[3leen. S. Apoplexy,
Spla nc/i 71 ologv. S. Fever. See A/it/i/-ax.
Splanchnology [spla7igk-7!ol' -o-fe) [(T7r?.ay- Splenification [sple/i-if-ik a' -shtnt) [^gtt'/ijv,
Xvn, viscera Xoyoq, treatise].
;
The branch spleen ;
ficere, to make]. See Spletiization.
of anatomy treating of the viscera. Splenified [splcti-ifld^) [cttt^î', spleen ; fa-
Splanchnopleure [spla7igk' -no-phi/-) \a-K7,a-/- cere, to make]. Of a tissue, resembling the
jra, viscera ; TrAevpfi, the side]. The visceral tissue of the spleen, as, e. g., S. bone-marrow.
layer of mesoderm forming the covering of Splenitis {.flc7i-i'-fis) \_c!it7J]v, spleen ; ltic,
the digestive tube. inflammation]. Inflammation of the spleen
Splanchnoscopy (splangk-7tos' -ko-pe) [ffTrXay- Splenium {sple'-7ie-ti77i) [cttt/I^x'/oi', bandage].
;ri«, viscera fTA-oTreZv, to examine].
; Visual I. A bandage. 2. The rounded posterior
examination of the viscera. extremity of the corpus callosum.
Splanchnoskeleton (spla7ig/;-no-skel^ -et-on) Splenius [sple^-ne-tis) [cr;r///r/or, bandage].
[âTz'kay xva ,
viscera; gkeaetov, skeleton]. Shaped like a splenium, as, e. g., the S. muscle
That portion of the skeleton related to the or simply splenius. See Muscles, Table of.
viscera. (splen -i za'
- -
Splenization shi<77) [âTTAriv,
Splanchnotomy {spla7tgk-nol'-o-//ie) [cnldy- spleen]. The change in an organ, especially
X>'n, viscera; T(/ivtiv, to cut]. Dissection the lung, produced by congestion, whereby it
of the viscera. comes to resemble the tissue of the spleen.
Splay-foot. See Talipes, Spleno- [splen'-o-). Same as Splen-.
42
SPLENOCELE SPOROGENESIS
[anlfjv, spleen; and obstruct the inlet of the pelvis especi-

Splenocele [spkn'-o-sel) ;
iiij7.r], tumor]. Hernia of the spleen. ally the separation of the last lumbar vertebra
Splenocolic [splen-o-kol' -ik) [aTT/.r/p, spleen ; from, and its
slipping forward on, the sacrum.
Pertaining to the spleen and Spondylolisthetic [spon-dil - -
lis -
thet' -
ik)
k6?mi',colon].
the colon. vertebra
\_aTT6v(Sv'Aoc, o/AaO/jaK;, a slipping].
;
Splenomalacia {splen-o-mal-a' -se-ah) \_anATjv, Pertaining to or caused by spondylolisthesis.

spleen fiaTiania, softness].
; Softening of the Spondylotomy (spon-dil-of -o-fue) \oTi6v^v-
Aof, vertebra; ro/i^, a cutting]. See Rachi-
spleen.
Splenomegalia, S-p\Qnomega\y{sflen-o-meg- otomy.
a'-le-ah, spleen
splen-o-meg'-al-e) [_aTv?.r/v, ; Sponge [spiinj) [aTojôf]. A marine ani-
Enlargement of the spleen, mal of the class Porifera, having a porous,
/liyac, large].
especially simple enlargement
of the spleen horny skeleton also the skeleton itself, used
;
without leukemia ; by some it is considered as an absorbent. S.-bath, the application

merely as Hodgkin's disease of splenic type. of water to the surface of the body by means
Splenopathia {splen-o-path' -e-ali). Spleno- of a S. S. -graft. See Graft. S.-tent.
pathy. S. leukocythaemica, splenic leuko- See Tent.
-
cythemia. Spongiform ( spun' -je form ) [ (ttto; 7 of ,
Splenopathy {splen-op' -ath-e)\a~7J]v, spleen ; sponge; forma, a form]. Resembling a

;rd(5of, suffering]. Any disease of the spleen. sponge.
-
Splenopexis ( splen o -peks' -is) [ arr'/Jiv, Spongin (J/'«;^''-yV;^') [(T-o}7 or, sponge]. The
spleen; T^'J^'t;, a fixing in]. Fixation of a horny substance forming the skeletal fibers
wandering spleen to the abdominal wall by of the sponge.
means of sutures. Spongioblast [spim' fe-o-blast) \o-6-)joq, a
Splenophrenic i^ splen-o-fren' -ik') [_(yn:2.r/v, sponge ; a germ].
^'kaoroc,, variety of A
spleen; (pp/'/i', diaphragm]. Pertaining to cell derived from the ectoderm of the em-
the spleen and the diaphragm. bryonic neural tube, and forming later the
Splenopneumonia ( splen-o-mi-7no'-ne ah ) -
neuroglia.
[ffx/;/!', spleen irt'ev/uuv, lung].
;
Pneumonia Spongiopilin {spun-je-o pi'- lin) [(tttojôc,
-
with splenization of the lung. sponge; 7ri/oc, felt]. Felted or woven cloth,
Splenotomy {splen-ot'-o-me) \(j-7i]v, spleen ;
into which tufts of sponge are incorporated
I. The and one side of which is coated with rubber;
TEj-iveiv, to cut]. operation of incis-
ing the spleen. 2. Dissection of the spleen. it is used as a poultice.
Splint [Swedishj-f/Z/^/t", akind of spike]. A Spongioplasm {spun' -je-o-plazni) [(TTf^yjof,
piece of wood, metal, or other material for sponge; 7rAd(Tcr£/v, to mold]. The fine, elas-
keeping the ends of a fractured bone or other protoplasmic threads forming the reticu-
tic,
movable parts in a state of rest. lum of cells.
Spodogenous [spo-doj' -en-us) [ffTorJof, ashes ; Spongy (spun' -je)\aTT6yyo(^, sponge]. Having
yevvav, to produce]. Pertaining to or pro- the texture of sponge. S. Portion of the
duced by waste-material, as, e.g.,^. enlarge- Urethra, that contained in the corpus spon-
ment of the spleen, a swelling of the spleen giosum of the urethra.
produced by the accumulation of the detritus Spontaneous {spon-ta^ -ne-us) \spons, will].
of red corpuscles. Voluntary occurring without extraneous im-
;
-
Spondyl ,
S-pondy\o-[spon'-dil-, spon' -dil-o-) pulse automatic.
;
[(TTroi'rffAOf, vertebra]. A prefix denoting Spoon. An instrument consisting of an oval

pertaining to a vertebra. or circular bowl fixed to a handle it is used in ;
Spondylarthritis {spon-dil-a7--thri' -tis) [cttti^v- surgery to scrape away dead tissue, granula-
Jt'Aof, vertebra; apOpov, joint; iric, inflam- tions, etc.
mation]. Inflammation of a vertebral articu- Sporadic scat-
[spor-ad'-ik) [anopaî.KOQ,
lation.
tered]. Scattered; occurring in an isolated
Spondylitis {spon-dil-i' -tis) [(T-oi'Ji'/of, a manner. S. Cholera, cholera morbus.
vertebra; /7/f, inflammation]. Inflammation Spore {spor) [cttt dpoc, seed] seed; a repro- . A
of a vertebra, especially Tuberculous S., or ductive body of lower vegetable organisms, as
Pott's disease. of bacteria.
Spondylizema {spon-dil-i-ze'-mah) \p-6v- Sporiferous \ciT6poQ, seed;
[spor-if'-er-tis)
dvAof, vertebra; i:,tiia, a subsiding]. The ferre, to bear]. Spore -bearing.
of a vertebra into the place of a sub-
[uTopof seed
settling -
Sporoblast {spor'- blast) , ;
jacent one that has been destroyed. One of the four round
jSAniTTor, germ].
Spondylolisthesis {spon-dil-
-
lis-the' -
sis) bodies produced by the process of endoge-
vertebra
[ffTrdvdu^.of, oAiadjjGiQ, a. slipping].
; nous cell-formation in a coccidium.
Deformity of the spinal column produced by Sporocyst {spor' -o-sist)[âK6pog, seed; kvgti^,
the gliding forward of the lumbar vertebrae in a bag]. The mother-cell of a spore.
such a manner that they the brim - - -
overhang Sporogenesis {spor o-jen' es is) [ffTrdjoof,
SPOROGONY STAFF
seed ; yeveaig, generation]. The develop- Squamosphenoid {sktva vio sfe' iioid)
- - -
ment of spores ; reproduction by spores. [squama, scale ;

sphenoid']. Pertaining to
Sporogony [spor-og'-o-ne). See Sporogenesis. the squamous portion of the temporal bone
Sporophore [spot' -o-for) \a-6pi>q, seed ^tyj- ;
and to the sphenoid bone.
fn', to bear]. That portion of a fungus Squamotemporal i^skiva
-
?iio - tern' -po-ral)
bearing the .'^pores. \_siju(!i?ia, scale; teniporal]. Pertaining to
Sporozoa (spor-o-zo' -ah") \p~6poq, seed C&Jo?', ;
the squamous portion of the temporal bone.
an animal]. A class of para.sitic Protozoa Squamous {sku<a'-mus) \squai>iosus, scaly].
I. Of the shape of a scale, as, e.
including the Gregarinidia, parasitic in vari- g. , the S.
ous worms and arthropods the Coccidia, ; portion of the temporal bone. 2. Scaly. S.
or oviform psorosperms, [larasitic in the hepa- Suture, the suture between the squamous
tic and intestinal epithelium of various mam- portion of the temporal bone and the frontal
mals, including man ; the Saracosporidia, or and parietal bones.
tu'julilorm psorosperms, parasitic in the mus- Squamozygomatic {skwa-mo-zi-go-maf -ik)
cles of various animals; the Myxosporidia, \_sqiiaiiia, scale; zygotnatic]. Pertaining to
the psorosperms of fishes ; the Microsporidia, the squamous and zygomatic portions of the
the psorosperms of articulates. temporal bone.
Sporulation spor ti la' shun ) [ arropng,
(
- - -
Square Lobe. i. The lobus quadratus of
spore]. The
production of spores. S., the liver. 2. A
lobe on the upper surface of
Arthrogenous, the change of bacteria into the cerebellar hemisphere.
resistant forms, which are capable of ger- Squarrous (skioar'-us) [iaxapa, a scab].
minating again under favorable conditions. Scurfy.
Spot. 'idQ Miicitia. S., Blind. See £/ifid Squill {skwit). The bulb of Urginea mari-
Spot. tima (U. S. P.), or Urginea scilla (B. P.),
Spotted Fever, i. Cerebrospinal fever. 2. of the order Liliacea;. Squill (Scilla, U. S.
Typhus. P., B. P.) contains several bitter principles,
Sprain [spraii) [OF., espreiitdj-e, from L., scillitin, scillipicrin, scillitoxin, and sci/lin ;
c-.r/T/w £>;•(', to press out]. wrenching of a A a carbohydrate, sinistriti, and other sub-
joint producing a stretching or laceration of stances. S. is expectorant, diuretic, and
the ligaments. S. -fracture, an injury in emetocathartic, and is used in dropsy and in
which a tendon is torn from its attachment croup. Dose gr. j-ij (0.065—0.13). Pre-
together with a shell of bone. parations and doses Acetum scilhii (U. S. P.,
:
Spray (spra). A
liquid blown into minute B. P. ), rr^x -XXX (0.65-2.0); Extractum scillae
particles by a strong current of air. fluidum (U. S. P.), TT^ ij-iij (0.13-0.20) Oxy- ;
Spruce {sprns). See Picea. mel scillce (B. P.),f,^j-ij (4.0-8.0); Pilula
Sprue (spy ft) .
Synonym of Thrush. composita (B. P. ), gr. v—x (0.32-0.65)
scillse ;
Spunk (spuiigJi).
See Agaricus. Syrupus scilla (U. S. P., B. P.), f^ss-j
Spurge [sperj). See Etipatorium. (2.0-4.0) Syrupus scillpe compositus, hive-
;
Spurious [spii' -re-us) [spnrius, false]. False. svnip, tr^ xx-xxx (1.3— 2.0) Tinctura scilla;, ;
Spurred Rye. See Ergot. (b. S. P., B. P.), iT^v-xxx (0.32-2.0).

Sputum [spu'-tiuii) [spuere, to spit ; //. , Sputal .
Squint (skwinf) [origin obscure]. See Stra-
The secretion ejected from the mouth in spit- bismus.
ting. It consists of saliva and mucus from Squirting Cucumber. See Elaterium.
the nasal fossa and the fauces. In diseased Sr. Symbol for strontium.
conditions of the air-passages or lungs it maybe Ss. Abbreviation for semis, one-half.
purulent, mucopurulent, fibrinous, or bloody. Stabile [sta'-bil) \_stabilis, from stare, to
S. crudum, the scanty, viscid expectoration stand]. Not moving; fixed. S. Current,
of the early stages of acute bronchitis. S., an electric current produced by holding the
Nummular, a sjûtum characterized by round, electrodes in a fixed position.
coin-like masses it is seen in pulmonary
;
Staccato Speech. See Scatinitig Speech.
tuberculosis. S., Rusty, the dark-colored Stadium [sta'-de-um). [L-]- Stage. S.
sputum of lobar pneumonia, the color of which acmes, the height of a disease. S. aug-
is due to the admixtui'e of blood. mentl, the period in which there is increase
Sputum-septicemia {spu-tum-sep-tc-H '-me- in the intensity of the disease. S. caloris,
ah). See Septicemia. the period during w'hich there is fever ; the
Squama (j/J'ttw^-wr?//) [L. ].
A scale or scale- hot stage. S. decrement!, defervescence
like mass, as, e. g. , the S. of the temporal bone. of a febrile disease the period in which
;
Squamoparietal (skwa mo -par - i' - et- a!) there is a decrease in the severity of the
\_s(/uama, scale \ paries, wall]. Pertaining to disease.
the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Staff. \n instrument for passing into the
Squamosal {ikwa mo'-zal) \jquania, scale]. bladder through tlie urethra and used as a
The squamous portion of the temporal bone. guide in operations for stricture.
STAGE STARCH
Stage {staj) \_stare,
to stand]. I. definite A Stapediovestibular [sta-pe-de-o-ves-tib' -u-
characterized by certain Relat-
period of a disease lar) \_stapes ; vestibulum, vestibule].
symptoms a condition in the course of a
; ing to the stapes and the vestibule.
2. The horizontal plate projecting de -
disease. Stapedius {sta- pe'
-
us) \_stapes'\. See
from the pillar of a microscope, for support- Muscles, Table of.
ing the slide or object. S., Algid, a condi- Stapes [sta' -pez)\\^. ,
a stirrup], 'ilie stirrup-
tion characterized by subnormal tempera- shaped bone of the middle ear, articulating
ture, feeble, flickering pulse, various nervous with the incus and the fenestra ovalis.
It occurs in cholera and Staphisagria [stafis-ag' -re-ah)\p-a^'ic^ dried
symptoms, etc. ,
other diseases marked by exhausting intes- grape; aypioc, wild]. The Delphinium
tinal discharges. S., Amphibolic, the S. staphisagria, of the order
Ranunculacea-.
of a disease intervening between its height The seeds (S.,U. S. P., Staphisagria; semina,
and its decline. S., Asphyxial, the pre- B. P.) contain the alkaloids delphinin,
C.,y-
liminary S. of Asiatic cholera, marked by ex- H37NO5, delphinoidin, C^H^.^N.^^, deiplii-
treme thirst, muscular cramps, etc. due to , sin, Cj^HjgNjO^, and staphisagrin, Cg.^H^g-
loss of water from the blood. S., Cold, the NO5. S. has been used locally as an
rigor or chill of an attack of a malarial application in rheumatism, and as an oint-
paro.xysm. S., Expulsive (of labor), the ment to destroy lice and itch-mites.
stage which begins when dilatation of the Staphylinopharyngeus [staf-il-i-no-far-in'-
cervix uteri is complete and during which the je-Hs) \aTa<^v'/Jj, uvula; (pcipvy^, pharynx].
child is expelled from the uterus. See Labor. The palatopharyngeus. See Muscles, Table
S., First (('/" lalwr), that stage in which the of-
molding of the fetal head and the dilatation Staphylinus [sfafil-i'-nus)\_aTa(pv7dj, uvula].
of the cervi.x are affected. S., Hot, the I. Palatal. 2. See S. wedius. S. externus,
febrile -S. of a malarial paroxysm. S. of the tensor palati. S. internus, the levator
Invasion, the period in the course of a palati. S. medius, the azygos uvulte muscle.
disease in which the system comes under the See Muscles, Table of.
influence of the morbific agent. S. of La- Staphylitis [stafil-i'-tis) [ff-afyA^, uvula ;
tency, the incubation-period of an infectious iTLq,inflammation]. Inflammation of the

disease, or that period intervening between uvula.
the entrance of the virus and the manifesta- Staphylo- [staf'-il-o-) \orai^vH], uvula]. A
tions of the symptoms to which it gives rise. prefix denoting pertaining to the uvula.
S., Placental [of labor), the period occu- Staphylococcemia [stafil-o-kok-se' -nie-ah)
pied by the expulsion of the placenta and [(77(;</)L'A//, grape; /cciv/iof.
a beny; oi/w, blood].
fetal membranes. S., Preemptive, the The presence of staphylococci in the blood.
period of an eruptive fever following infection Staphylococcus [stafil-o-kok' -tis) [_nTa<pv?i?/,
and prior to the appearance of the eruption. grape; kokkoq, a berry]. See Bacteria,
S., Second [of labor). See S., Expulsive. Table of.
S., Sweating, the third or terminal S. of a Staphyloma grape
[stafil-o'-ip/a/i)[aTnit>v7.i/, ;
malarial paroxysm, during which there is dun, tumor]. A

bulging of the cornea or
sweating. S., Third [of labor). See S., sclera of the eye. S., Anterior. See A'era-
Placental. toglobus. S. corneae, a bulging of the cornea,
Stain {s/dn)\Jrom distain, from dis, priv. ;
tin- due to a thinning of the membrane, with or
gere, to color]. I. A discoloration. 2. A without previous ulceration. S., Posterior,
pigment employed in microscopy to color the S. posticum, a backward bulging of the
tissues or to produce certain reactions. The sclerotic coat at the posterior pole of the eye.
common microscopic stains are hematoxylin, Staphyloplasty [staf'-iloplas-te) [oraî-Ar),
carniin, osmic acid, and the anilin dyes. uvula -Aciaauv, to mold].
;
plastic opera- A
Stammer (stain' -er) [AS., stamw, stam- tion for the closure of cleft palate.
mering]. To speak interruptedly or with Staphylorrhaphy [stafil-or'afe) \aTa^vAii.
hesitation. uvula; -Suture of a cleft
'pacf)ij, suture].
Standard [stan'-dard) [extendere, to spread palate.
out]. Something used for comparison. S.- Staphylotomy [staf-il-ot'-o-me) [ara(^v}J],
solution, a solution containing a definite uvula; Toaij, a cutting]. I. The operation
quantity of a reagent. of incising or removing the uvula. 2. The

Stannic [stan'-ik) \_stanniim, tin]. Contain- operation of incising a staphyloma.
ing tin as a tetrad element. Star-anise. See lllicium.
Stannous [slau'-tis) \_stanntnn, tin]. Con- Starch [AS., stearc, stiff; L. Amy-
(j/arr//) ,
taining tin as a dyad element. liini\. A

carbohydrate widely distributed in
Stannum [stan'-uvi) [L.]. See Tin. the vegetable kingdom, occurring in peculiar
Stapedectomy {sta-pe-dek'-to-7?ie) \_stapes ; concentrically marked granules or grains.
huTonfj, excision]. Excision of the stapes. When heated with water the granules swell
STAR-GRASS STELLATE
up, burst, partially dissolve, and form S. paste.

Status (sta'-ti/s) [L.]. A state. S. arthri-
The soluble portion is called granulose, the ticus, the nervous manifestations preceding an
insoluble is cellulose. lodin produces a attack of gout. S. epilepticus, a condition
characteristic blue coloration with S. The in which epileptic attacks occur in rapid suc-
most important varieties of S. are: potato-S. , cession, the ]iatient not regaining conscious-
leguminous S. vvheat-S. (Amsluin, U. S. P.,
,
ness during tlie interval. S. praesens, the
B. r.), sago-S., rice-S. S., Animal. See state of a jiatient at tlie time of examination
Glycogen. S., Corn-, a highly nutritive S. S. typhosus. See Typhoid State.

obtained from Indian corn. S. -enema, Stauroplegia {staiv-ro-ple' -je-ali) \_aTavp6Q^
an enema consisting of starch-water. S., crossed; Ktajyi], a stroke]. Crossed bemi
Iodized, starch tliat has been acted upon by plegia.
iodin. S. -water, a mixture of wheat-S. and Stavesacre {stavz-a'-kcr') See Staphisagria. .
water, used chiefly as an emollient enema. Steapsin {ste-ap'-siu) [oTeap, fat]. A fer-
Star-grass. See Aletris. ment assisting in the saponification of the fats
Stars of Verheyn [far-h'in'). The star- and found in the pancreatic juice.
shaped figures formed by the stellate veins of Stearate {ste'-ar-at) [arfap, fat]. salt of A
tlie kidney, beneath the capsule. stearic acid. Glycerol S. is called stearin,
Starvation [star-va'-shiai) [AS., steorfan, to q. V.
die]. Deprivation of food the state pro- ;
Stearic Acid [ste-ar'-ili) \aTiap, fat]. See
duced by deprivation of food. Acid, Stearic, and Stearin.
Stasis [sta'-zis] \aTaaic^, from loTavai, to Stearin [ste'- ar -in) \cTiiap, fat], Q.^.^^-
stand]. A standstill of tlie current of any of (C,gH.,.0,,)3. A compound of stearic acid
the fluids of the body, especially of the blood. and glyceryl occurring in the harder ani-
Stas-Otto Method. A
method of extracting mal fats, especially in tallow. It crystallizes
alkaloids or ptomains from tissues. It de- in white, pearly scales.
pends upon the facts that the salts of the al- Stearopten [ste-ar-op'-ten) {prkip, fat ; ttttj-
kaloids are soluble in water and in alcohol, v6(;, winged, volatile]. The crystalline sub-
and generally insoluble in ether, while the stance occurring naturally in solution in a
free alkaloids are soluble in ether, and may volatile oil.
be removed from alkaline fluids by agitation Stearrhea {ste-ar-e'-a/i) [âreap, fat ; poia, a
with ether. The method consists in treating flow]. See Seborrhea.
the mass with 90 per cent, alcohol and tar- Steatite (ste'-at-lt). See Talcicm.
taric or o.xalic acid ; digesting the whole for Steato- \sle' -at-o-) [criap, fat]. A prefix
some time at about 70° C. and filtering the ; meaning fatty.
filtrate is evaporated at a temperature not ex- Steatocele [ste'-at-o-sel) \_nTtap, fat; nijAr],
ceeding 35° C., and the residue taken up with tumor]. A

swelling formed by the collection
absolute alcohol, filtered, and evaporated of fatty matter in the scrotum.
again at a low temperature. The residue is Steatoma (ste-at-o'-inah) \aTkap, fat oua, ;
2. A lipoma.
dissolved in water, alkalinized, and agitated tumor]. I. A sebaceous cyst.
with ether. After separation, the ether is Steatopygia [ste-at-o-pij'-e-ah) \_aTiap, fat ;
removed and allowed to evaporate. The TTt'} buttock].

?), Enormous fatness of the
residue may be further purified by redissolv- buttock, common among the women of some
ing in water and again extracting with ether. African tribes.
Static {stat'-ik') [_aTaTiKnr, from Icravni, to Steatopygous (ste-at-op'-igus) \_aTsap, fat ;
stand]. At rest pertaining to matter or force

; buttock].
Tvvyfj, Characterized by excessive
at rest or in equilibrium. S. Breeze, a development of the buttocks.
method of administering static electricity, Steatorrhea [ste-at-or-e'-ah) \_a-eap, fat ;
consisting in the withdrawal of astatic charge pola, flow]. See .Seborrhea.

from a patient by means of a pointed elec- Steatosis [ste-at-o'-sis) [areap, fat].
I. Fatty
trode. S. Electricity. See Electricity. degeneration. 2. An abnormal accumulation
{stilt' -iks) [f7r«r//i-of, from iarava/, of fat.
Statics to
stand]. The science relating to forces in a Steatozoon [ste-at-o-zo'-on) ârtap, fat ; CCtov,
condition of equilibrium. an animal]. The parasite, Demodex follicu-
Station {.<;ta'-sliHn)
\_statio,
from stare, to lorum, contained in comedones.
stand]. Standing position or attitude. Steel. A form of iron holding an interme-
Stationary (sta' -shitn-a-re) \statio, from stare, diate position between cast iron and wrought
to stand]. Standing stillnot moving.
;
S. iron and containing from 0.5 to 1. 5
per cent.
Air, the amount of air which is constantly of carbon. Tincture of, tinctura ferri
S.,
in the lungs during normal respiration. chloridi see under Ferncn.
; S., Wine of.
Statometer [stat-om'-et-er') {pTaror. standing ; Synonym of I'itiiii/i ferri, under Ferrnm.
/itrpiii', measure].
An instrument for measur- Stellate [stel'-at) istella,
a star]. Star
ing the degree of exophthalmus. shaped.
STELLUL.E VERHEYNII STERNOMASTOID
See Slars of Verheyn. [(j-Epeof, solid (pavroc, visible aKOTziiv, to
Stellulae Verheynii. ; ;
Stellwag's Symptom. See Signs

and Syvip- see]. See Stereophoroscope.
fo/ns. Table of. Stereophoroscope [ste-re-o-for' -o-skop) \r!TEp-
Steno- (sUn'-o-) [_GrEv<iq, narrow]. A prefix eof , solid ;
(pepsi.v, to carry ; aKOTre'iv, to see].
meaning narrow or constricted.

A stereoscopic zoetrope, an instrument for
Stenocardia {sten-o-kar' -de-ah) [ff-fi'oc, nar- producing a series of images apparently in
row A-(;/K5/f!, heart]. Angina pectoris. motion.
;
Stenocephalous [slen-o-sef -al-us) {gtevoc,, Stereoplasm [ste'-re-o-plazm)l_aTEf)E6(,so\\d ;

narrow; K£(pa/J/, iiead]. Having a head n'/Mactiv, to mold]. The solid part of the
narrow in one or more of its diameters. protoplasm of cells.
Stenocephaly fySten-o-sef'-al-e) [orei-of, nar- Stereoscope {ste'-re-o-skop) [ir-fpfof, solid ;
row Keoa7J/, head]. Narrowing of the head

;
ckotte'iv, to see]. An
instrument by which
in one or more of its diameters. two similar pictures of the same object are
Stenochoria [sten-o-ko'-re-ah) {otevoq., nar- made to overlap so that the reflected images
row ^wpoc, space]. Narrowing; stenosis.
;
are seen as one, thereby giving the appear-
ance of solidity and relief.
Stenopeic [sten-o-pe'-ik) \_aTEv6i;, narrow; -
-re -
Pertaining to or having a o -
pierced].
b-aioc^, Stereoscopic [ste skop' ik) [arrpEoq,
narrow slit; applied to lenses that
allow solid; (T/coTTeh', Pertaining to ste-
to view].
the passage of rays only through a narrow reoscopy. S. Vision, binocular vision. See
slit. Stereoscope.
Steno's Duct. See under Duct. Sterile [ster'-il) \_sterilis, barren]. I. Not fer-
Stenosis [sten-o'-sis)\(>rtv6(;,x\AxxoyN\ Con- tile;

not capable of reproducing. 2. Free
striction or narrowing, especially of a channel from microorganisms or spores.
or aperture, as, e.g., aortic S., mitral S.. etc. Sterility [ster-il' -it-e) \jterilis, sterile]. The
Stenotic [sten
- of - ik) [crrEi'df, narrow]. condition of being sterile.
Characterized by stenosis ; produced by sten- Sterilization [ster-il-i-za'-shun) \_sfc'rilis, bar-
osis. ren]. The act of rendering anything sterile;
Stensen's Duct. See Duct. the destruction of microorganisms, particu-
Stensen's Experiment. Compression of the larly by means of heat. S.. Intermittent,
abdominal aorta of an animal, so as to cut a method of sterilization in which an interval
off the blood-supply to the lumbar region of of time is allowed to elapse between the
the spinal cord. It leads to rapid paralysis several heatings, giving an opportunity for
of the posterior portion of the body. any spores present to develop into adult
Stensen's Foramen. See Foramina, Table microorganisms, in which form they readily
of.
succumb to the action of heat.
Stephanion {stef-an'-e-on') [ffr/'0rtrof ,
a Sterilized [ster' - il - izd) [^sterilis, sterile].
wreath or crown]. See Craniometric Points. Rendered sterile.
Steppage-gait \step'-aj-gat). The peculiar SteTilizer (ster' -il-i-zer) [5/1?;'///.?, sterile]. An

high-stepping gait seen in tabes dorsalis and apparatus for destroying the microorganisms
certain forms of multiple neuritis. attached to an object, especially by means of
Stercobilin [ster-ko-hi'-lin) [^steirtcs, dung ;
heat.
bills, bile]. A coloring-matter found in feces, Sternal {sli(7-'-nal) [sternu)n ; aripvov, ster-
and identical with hydrobilirubin. num]. Pertaining to the sternum.
Stercoraceous {ster-ko-ra'shus) {^stercus, Sterno- {stur' -no-) [sfernutn ; arspvov, ster-
dung]. Fecal; having the nature of feces ; num]. A prefix denoting connection with the
containing feces, as, e. g. S. vomiting. ,
sternum.
Stercoral [ster'-ko-ral). See Stei-coraceous. Sternoclavicular (stur-no -kla - vik' - u lar) -
Stercoremia {ster - ko - re' - me - ah) [stercies, \steriiui)i, sternum clavicle\ ;Pertaining to

dung; a'liia, blood]. A condition of the the sternum and the clavicle.
- no -cli- do-mas' -
blood resulting from arrest of intestinal ex- Sternocleidomastoid [stur
cretion and the absorption of toxic matters toid) \_r:TEpvi)r, sternum; K^.Eig, key; mas-
from the feces. toiil'\. Pertaining to the sternum, the clavicle,
Stercorin [ster'-ko-rin] [stercus, dung]. An and the mastoid process, as, e. g., the S. mus-
extractive from the feces resembling choles- cle. See Muscles, Table of.
terin. Sternocostal (stiii--7io-kos'-tal)\sternum, ster-
SlGXCws {ster'-kus) [L. ,dung]. Feces. num costa, a ril)] Pertaining to the sternum
;
.
Stere {ster) [trrepfof, solid]. A measure of and the ribs.

looo liters ;
a kiloliter. Sternohyoid {stur- no hi' oid) \_a7Epv0v,
- -
Stereometry [ste-re-om'-et-re) [ffrepeoc, solid ; sternum ; Pertaining to the sternum

hyoid'\.
fiETpov, measure]. The measurement of the and the hyoid bone, as, e. g., the S. muscle.
capacity of a hollow body. See Muscles, Table of.
Stereophantoscope [ste -re-o -fan'- to-skop) Sternomastoid {stur-no-mas' -toid ) [arEpfov^
STERNOPAGUS STIMULUS
sternum mastoid^.
; Pertaining to the ster- Stiff-neck Fever. Epidemic cerebrospinal
num and the mastoid process. meningitis.
-
Sternopag'us {star nop' -ag-iis) \cTkpvov, Stigma (^stig'-ntah) \_or'iyua, point]. A
sternum Tâyoq, fastened] A double monster
;
. small spot or mark, especially a spot of hem-
the parts of which are united by the sternum. orrhage in the palm or sole corresponding to
Sternothyroid {sfur-iio-f/ii'-roid) [^nrtpvov, the nail-marks of Christ, occurring in hysteric
sternum thyroid'^.
; Pertaining to tlie ster- persons. 2. Any one of the marks or
signs
num and the thyroid cartilage, as, e. g., the S. characteristic of a condition generally used ;
muscle. See Muscles, Table of. in the plural, as hysteric stigmata. 3. That
Sternotracheal (^stur-no-tra' -ke-al) \_mkjn'ov, part of a pistil which receives the pollen.
sternum tiacliea'^
;
Pertaining to the ster-
.
Stigmata maydis. See Zea fiiays.
num and the trachea. Stigmatic {stig-mai'-ik) \_aTi)ua, spot].
Sternum crkpvov, breast-
{ster' -nuni) [L. ; Pertaining to a stigma.
bone]. The flat,in the median
narrow bone Stigmatization (s//g-//ii!l-i-2a'-s//toi) [^criyfia,
line in the front of the chest, composed of ])oint]. The formation of stigmata.
three portions, the manubrium, the gladiolus, Stilet, Stilette {sti-let') [Fr., dim. oi stilus, a
and the ensiform or xiphoid a]ipendix. point]. I. A
small, sharp-pointed instru-
Sternutation [slitr-im-ta'-sluin) \jtenintatio, ment enclosed in a cannula. 2. A wire
a sneezing]. The act of sneezing. passed into a flexible catheter.
Sternutatory [stur-mi' -tat-o-re) \_stc7-nutare, Still-born. Born lifeless.
to sneeze], i. Producing sneezing. 2. An Still-birth. The birth of a dead child.
agent that causes sneezing. Stillicidium {stilis-id'-e-uni) [stilld, a drop;
Stertor {slur' -tor') [L., a snoring]. Sonorous cadcre, to fall
down]. The flow of a liquid
breathing, or snoring the rasping, rattling
; drop by drop. S. lacrimarum, overflow of
sound produced when the larynx and the air- tears from obstruction of the canaliculus or
passages are obstructed by mucus. nasal duct epiphora.; S. narium, coiyza.
Stertorous i^stur' -to-riis') \jterteie, to snore]. Stilling's Canal. See Canal of Stilling.
Characterized by stertor, as, e. g., S. breathing. Stillingia {stil in'- je -a/i) [after Benjamin
-
Stetho- {steth'-o-) \pTffinc, chest]. A prefix Stillingfict, an English botanist]. A genus

denoting pertaining to the chest. of plants of the order Euphorbiaceoe. The
Stethograph [steth'-o-gi-af) \_CT7j6og, chest ; root of S. sylvatica, queen's root or queen's
ypdipciv, to write]. An
instrument recording delight (S., U. S. P.), is used as an alterative
the respiratory movements of the chest. in syphilis, scrofula, diseases of the skin,
Stethometer {j,teth-om'-et-er) [(Tr/}(:'of, chest; etc. Dose of Extractum stillingice fluidum
fnrpnv, measure]. An instrument for measur- (U. S. P.) fgss-j (2.0-4.0).
ing the degree of expansion of the chest. Stimulant {stini' -u-lanf) \_stiinuhts, a goad].
Stethophonometer [stef/i-o-fo
- nom' -et -
I. .Stimulating. 2. An agent that causes
<?;-)
[(Tr?/ôf ,
chest ; <j)uv>/,
sound ; fierpov, meas- stimulation. S., Cardiac, one that increases
ure]. An instrument for measuring the phe- the heart's action. S., Cerebral, one that
nomena elicited by auscultation. exalts the action of the cerebrum. S.,
Stethoscope [steth'-o-skop) \_aT7j6oc, breast ; Diffusive, one that has a prompt but
GKOTvav, to view]. An instrument for as- transient effect. S., Hepatic, one that
certaining the condition of the organs of excites the activity of the liver.
circulation and respiration by the sounds Stimulate {stini'-tt-lat) '\_stininlare, to stimu-
made by these organs. It consists of a hollow late]. To quicken ; to stir up; to excite;
tube, one end being placed over the locality to increase functional activity.
to be examined, the other at the ear of the Stimulation {stim-ii-la'-shnn') \_stiiiiuliis, r.
examiner. The binaural S. consists of a goad]. I. The act of stimulating. 2. The
Y-shaped tube, the flexible branches being effect of a stimulant.

applied each to an ear of the listener. Stimuline {stim' -n-len) \_sfi;ittiliis,
a goad].
Stethoscopic [steth-o skop' -ik)Sji'tfi<K, chest ;
A substance ca]iable of stimulating the
oko-e'iv, to view]. Pertaining to or detected phagocytic action of cells.
by means of the stethoscope. Stimulus [stini'-u-lns) [L.]. A goad ;

an
Stethoscopy (steth-os'-ko-pe') {arfjOaQ, chest ; impulse anything capable of causing stimu-
;
OKnn-F'iv, to view]. Examination with the aid lation. S., Adequate. See S., //owologo/ts.
of the stethoscope. S.,Chemic, one due to or produced by chemic
Sthenic {sthen' -ik') [ ffflti'oc, strength]. means. S., Heterologous, one acting upon
Strong, active. S. Fever, a form of fever the nervous elements of the sensory ajijiaratus
marked by high temperature, quick and tense along their entire course. S., Homologous,
and highly colored urine.
pulse, one acting only upon the end-organ. S.,
Stibium [stib' -e-iim). See Antiinoniutn. Mechanic, one acting by mechanic means,
Sticking Plaster. Resin-plaster. as, e. g., pinching or striking.
STIRRUP, STIRRUP-BONE STRAMONIUM I
Stirrup, Stirrup-bone {stir' -np).

The mouth ; OKOTcelv, to inspect]. An instrument
for inspecting the cavity of the mouth.
stapes.
Stitch. I. A sudden, sharp, lancinating pain. Stomocephalus {sfo/n-o-sef'-al-us) [nrofia,
2. See Suture. mouth ; Kscpa/J/, head] . A variety of mon-
Stoma mouth]. I. A ster in which there is the same deformity as in
[sto'-maJi) [arona,
mouth. 2. A pore, as that
between endothe- rhinocephalus or in cyclocephalus, associated
lial
cells, establishing direct communica- with a defect of the maxillary bones, so that
between adjacent lymph-channels.
tion the skin hangs in folds around the mouth.
Stomach [stum'-ak) \a-6aaxoq\. The most Stomodaeum ( stom - o de' - 21111 ) [ Grofm,
dilated part of the alimentary canal, situated mouth; 6akiv, to divide]. The primitive
below the diaphragm in the left hypochondri- oral of the embryo, formed by a
cavity
ac, the epigastric, and part of the right hypo- depression of the ectoderm and afterward
chondriac regions. It is connected at one forming the mouth and upper part of the
end (cardiac end) with the esophagus, at the pharyn.x.
other (pyloric end) with the duodenum. Its Stone. A hardened mass of mineral matter.
wall consists of four coats the serous, mus- — See Calculus. S., Blue, copper-sulphate
cular, submucous, and mucous. The mucous crystals. S., Gall-, a biliary calculus.
coat contains the gastric glands (cardiac and Stool. The evacuation of tlie bowels.
pyloric glands), which
secrete the gastric Stop-needle. A lance-pointed needle used in
S. -cough, a reflex cough the operation of discission, having an en-
juice and mucus.
excited by irritation of the stomach. S.- largement or shoulder upon the shank to pre-
pump, a pump for withdrawing the contents vent tQO deep penetration.
of the stomach. S. -tooth, a lower canine Storax {sto'-raks). See Stvrax.
tooth, especially one of the first dentition. Strabismal, Strabismic {stra-biz'-vial, stra-
S.-tube, a flexible tube for irrigation or from arpaôq, crooked].
biz'-jiiik \_aTj)n3iGiioq,
I
evacuation of the stomach. Relating to or affected with strabismus.

Stomachal [stii7n'-ak-al) \_aT6iLaxoq, the Strabismus {strab-iz'-mus) [_(7-paj3taii6r,
from
stomach]. Pertaining to the stomach. crooked]. Squint; that abnormality
cr7/5rt'5df,
Stomachic {stiim-ak'- ik) [(Tro//a;i-of , stomach] . of the eyes in which the visual axes do
I. Pertaining to the stomach. 2. Stimulat- not meet at the desired objective point,
ing the secretory activity of the stomach. 3. in consequence of incoordinate action of
An agent having this property. the external ocular muscles. S., Alternat-
Stomatitis [stotn-at-V-tis) [ord/za, mouth ; ing, one in which either eye fixes alternately.
iTiq, inflammation]. Inflammation of the S., Concomitant, one in which the squint-
mouth. S. aphthosa, S., Aphthous. See ing eye has full range of movement. S.,
Aphthcv. S., Catarrhal, a simple form char- Convergent, one in which the squinting eye
acterized by swelling of the mucous mem- is turned to the nasal side. S., Divergent,
brane, pain, and salivation. S., Gangren- one in which the squinting eye is turned to
ous. See Cana-wn oris. S., Mercurial, the temporal side. S., External. See S.,
that arising from poisoning by mercury. S., Divergent. S., Internal. See S. Converg- ,
Mycotic. ':it& T/tnish. S., Scorbutic, that ent. S., Paralytic, that due to paralysis of
due to scurvy. S., Ulcerative, a form char- one or more muscles. S., Spastic, that due
acterized by the formation of small ulcers on to a spastic contraction of an ocular muscle.
the cheeks, lips, and tongue, with copious Strain {stran) [OF., estraindre, from L.,
salivation, pain, fetid breath, slight fever, and stringere, to draw tight]. I. Excessive
at times great prostratiqn.
stretching ; overuse of a part. 2. The con-
Stomato- mouth].
[stoin'-at-o-) [arofia, A dition produced in a part by overuse, as, e. g. ,
prefix meaning pertaining tu the mouth. eye-strain. 3. To overexert to use to ex- ;
Stomatomycosis at- 0- nii - ko' - sis)

{stoin
-
cess ;
to make violent efforts.
[arofia, mouth; fivKTjq, fungus]. disease A Strait {strat) [Fr. , etroit, from strict us, drawn
of the mouth due to fungi, especially the
tight]. A
narrow or constricted passage,
oidium albicans. as, e. g., the inferior or superior S. of the pel-
Stomatonecrosis, Stomatonoma [stom-af- vis. S. -jacket, a strong jacket placed on the
-
ne-kro'- sts, stom -
at -
on' o-7nah). See insane or delirious to prevent injury to them-
Cancrurn oris. selves or to others.
Stomatopathy [stom-at-op'-ath-e) [aroun, Stramonium {stra-mo'-ne-utn'). The Datura
mouth ; ndHog, disease]. Any disease of the stramonium, Jamestown or Jimson weed, a
mouth. of the order Solanacere. The leaves
]ilant
Stomatoplasty (stom'-at-o-plas-te) {a-ofia, (Stramonii folia, U. S. P., B. P.) and seeds
moutli ; TTAdtTue/r, to form]. plastic A oper- (Stramonii semen, U. .S. P., Stramonii semina,
ation ujion the mouth. B. P.) contain two alkaloids, daturin, identi-
Stomatoscope {stom' -at-o- skop) [ard/za. cal with atropin, and hyoscyamin. The ac-
STRANGLING STROBOSCOPIC
{sirej> to bak
-
tion of S. resembles that of belladonna. It is Streptobacteria te' re ah] - - - -
used in asthma, dysmenorrhea, neuralgia, twisted; (iaKTripiov, bacterium].

[ffrpETTTOf,
rheumatism, and pains of syphilitic origin. Short, rod-shaped bacteria forming chains.
In asthma the leaves may be smoked in a Streptococcemia {strep- to
-
kok - -
se' )iie-ah)
tobacco-pipe. Locally S. is employed as an \_streptococcus ; al//a, blood]. A state of the

ointment or cataplasm in irritable ulcers and blood characterized by the presence of strep-
inflamed surfaces. Dose of the seeds gr. j tococci.
(0.065) ;
of the leaves gr. ij-iij (0.13-0.20). Streptococcus [strep-to-kok'-kus) [a-peir-rdc,
Extractum stramonii seminis, U. S. P. (E.\- twisted kokkoc, a kernel].
; See Bacteria,
tractum stramonii, 1!. P.). Dose gr. yi-î Table of. S. -angina, angina due to strep-
(0.010-0.016). Extractum stramonii seminis tococci.
fluidum, U. S. P. Dose n\,j-ij (0.065-0.13). Streptothrix ( strep' -to-thriks ) [ arpsTZTO^,

Tinctura stramonii seminis, U. S. P. Dose twisted; f^pi^, the hair]. See Cladothrix,
TTLv-x.\x (0.32-2.0).
under Bacteria, Table of
Strangling. See Straiisîtlation. Stretcher {strech'-e)-). A cot or litter for
Strangulated [strang^-gu-Za-ted) [straiigu- carrying the sick.

lare, to strangle]. I. Choked. 2. Com-
'
Stria (j'/'r/^-ff/?) [L.]. A streak or white line.
pressed so that the circulation is arrested, as, Acoustic or Auditory Striae, transverse
e.
g. ,
S. hernia. white lines on the lower part of the floor of the
Strangulation {.<:f rang git-la' -shun) \_s/raiigu-
fourth ventricle, which unite with the auditory
lare, to choke]. I. The act of choking. nerve-roots. Striae gravidarum, the atrophic
2. Constriction of a part producing arrest of stria: observed upon the abdomen in pregnant
the circulation, as, e. g., S. of a hernia. women. Striae longitudinales, long,

Strangury (sti-ang' -gii-re) [crrpdyf a drop , ; slightly elevated lines on the upper surface
ovfmv, urine]. Painful urination, the urine of the corpus callosum.
being voided drop by drop. Striate, Striated {stri'-af, sfri'-a-ted) \_stria,
I. A long band, as of adhesive plas- a furrow]. Striped. S. Body, the corpus
Strap.
ter. 2. To compress a part by means of striatum. S. Muscle. See Aluscle.
bands, especially bands of adhesive plaster. Striation [stri-a'-shun) [st)ia, furrow]. I.
Stratification {strat-e-fik-a' -shun') \_stratutn, The state of being striated. 2. A striated
a layer; facere, to make]. Arrangement in structure.
layers. Stricture [strik'-tilr) \_strict21ra, from strin-
Stratified [strat'-e-f~id) \sfratuTn, a layer; gere, to draw tight]. A
narrowing of a canal
facere, to make]. Arranged in layers. from external pressure, or as a result of in-
Stratiform [strat' -e-for)?i) \_straturn, stratum ; flammatory or other changes in its walls.
forma, form]. Formed into a layer. S. S., Cicatricial, a S.due to cicatricial tissue.
Fibrocartilage, fibrocartilage lining bony S., Functional. See S., Spasmodic S., .
grooves through which the tendons of mus- Impermeable, or S., Impassable, one not
cles pass. permitting the passage of an instrument. S.,
Stratum [L., from sternere, to
(stra' -turn) Irritable, one in which the passage of an
strewj. A S. corneum, S. granu-
layer. instrument causes great pain. S., Organic,
losum, S. lucidum. S. Malpighii, See Skin. one due to structural changes in or about
Strawberry -
tongue. The characteristic a canal. S., Spasmodic, one due to
tongue of scarlet fever, in which the vessels muscular spasm.
of the fungiform papillce become turgid, caus- Stricturotome [strik'-tti-ro-fd;n) [strictura,
ing the stand out as red ])oints, in
papillifi to
stricture te/uvsiv, to cut].
;
An instrument
marked contrast with the thick coating of for dividing a stricture.
fur on the filiform papillae. Stricturotomy {^strik-tu-rot' -o-vie) \_strictura,
Streak (.?/;-("'/'). A furrow, line, or stripe. S., stricture; Tef-tveiv, to cut]. The operation of
Medullary. See Medullary Groove. S., incising a stricture.
Primitive, an opaque band extending some Stridor [stri'-dor) \_stridere, to make a creak-
distance forward from the posterior margin ing sound]. A peculiar, harsh, vibrating
of the area pellucida and forming the first sound produced during expiration.
noticeable sign of the development of the Stridulous [strid'-ti-his) \^stridere, to make a
blastoderm. S., Meningitic. See Taehe creaking sound]. Characterized by stridor.
cerebrale. S. Laryngismus. See Laryngismus.
Strengthening Plaster. Emplastrum robo- Strobilus {strob'-il-us)[^strobilus,
a pine-cone].
rans, or iron-plaster. The tape-worm.
Strephotome [stre/^-
-
tout) \_(jri)f(peii>,
to Stroboscope [strob'-o-skop). See Zoetrope.
twist ; Tefireir, instrument
to cut]. An Stroboscopic [strob-o-skop' -ik) \_aTp6)ioq, a
shajied like a corkscrew, used to secure union twisting; aiioTTih', to view]. Pertaining to
in the operation for the radical cure of hernia. the stroboscope.
STROKE STY RAX
Stroke (s/ro/c).
A sudden attack ;
the word is Strychnos [strik' -?tos). A
genus of plants
used colloquially for apoplexy and paralysis. of the order Loganiacese, several species of
Stroma \stro'-iiiali) \_GTp(Jiîa, a bed]. The which yield strychnin and brucin.
tissue forming the framework for the essen- Stump [Icel., stumpr, stump]. The portion
tial part of an organ. of a limb or other part left attached to the
[stron'-jil-iis) [_GTpoyy'vAoq, round] body after an amputation.
Strongylus .
A genus of nematode worms found in the Stun [AS., stunian, to make a din]. To
lower animals, and occasionally in man. render temporarily insensible, as by a blow.
Strontium [after Strontian,
[siron' -she-um') Stupe {stap) \_sti/pa, tow]. A cloth used for
in Scotland]. A
metallic element belonging applying heat or counterirritation especially ;
to the group of alkaline earths. It has a a cloth wrung out of hot water and sprinkled
of 2.5, an atomic weight of with a counterirritant, as, e.g., turpentine-S.
specitic gravity
87.3, and a valence of two. Symbol Sr. It Stupefacient, Stupefactive {stu-pc-fa'-shent,
combines with oxygen to form S. oxid, or stn-pe fak'-tiv) [stupere, tohe stunned; fd'
strontia, SrO. S. bromid, SrBr.^.6H20 (Stron- cere, to make]. Narcotic.
tii broraidum, U. S. P.), has been used in Stupor [stii'-poj-) [L.]. A state of partial
epilepsy, diabetes, gastrectasis, rheumatoid unconsciousness from which the individual

arthritis, and lithemia. Dose gr. xv-xxx can be roused.
S.iodid, SrI.^.6H20 (Strontii iodi- Stuttering (stiit' -er-ing) [Icel., staiita, to
(1.0-2.0).
dum, U. S. P.), is used like the other oxids. stutter]. A hesitation in speech due to an
S. lactate, to enunciate the syllables without
Sr(C3H503)2.3H20 (Strontii inal)ility
lactas, U. S. P.), is used in nephritis, albu- repeated efforts.
minuria, rheumatism, and gout. Dose gr. Stye (.v//).

See Hordeolum.
x-xxx (0.65-2.0). Style, Stylet {stil, sti-let') [ariiAof, pillar].
Strophanthus {^strof- an' thus) \p7{M(ôc,,
- I. Aprobe. 2. A
wire inserted into a cath-
a twisted band; avBog, flower]. A genus of eter or cannula, in order to stiffen the instru-
plants of the order Apocynacere, some of the ment or to perforate the tissues. See Stilet.
species of which are used for the preparation Stylo- {sti'-/o-) \_ari<7nc, pillar]. A prefix
of arrow poison in Africa. The seeds of S. denoting pertaining to the styloid process of
hispidus (S., U. S. P., B. P.) contain a the temporal bone.
crystalline glucosid, strophanthin, and an al- Styloglossus [sti-lo-glos'-Hs). See Muscles,
kaloid, inein. S. is a muscle-poison, but in Table of.
small doses is a cardiac and perhaps a vascu- Stylohyoid {sti-lohi'-oid) {arvAoq, pillar;
lar stimulant. It is used in the same cases hyoid^. I. Pertaining to the styloid process of
as digitalis. Dose of Tinctura strophanthi the temporal bone and the hyoid bone, as, e. g. ,
(U. S. P., B. P.) n\,v-xv (0.32-1.0) ; of stro- the S. muscle. See Muscles, Table of. 2.
phanthin gr. 3^5-250 (0.0002-0.0003). Pertaining to the S. muscle.

Strophulus [st7-of'-u-lus) \c!Tp6(âq, a twisted Styloid {sti'-loid)[_aTl}7Mg, pillar dlôq, like]. ;
band]. Red gum, tooth-rash ;

a form of Resembling a stylus.
miliaria occurring in infants. S. prurigi- Stylomastoid (sti - lo - mas' - toid) [ariP.of,
nosus, an eruption occurring in children, and pillar; mastoid\ Pertaining to the styloid
characterized by disseminated, intensely itch- and mastoid processes.
ing papules. Stylomaxillary {sti-lo-maks'-il-a-re) [(Tri;/'>of,
Structural {struk'-tu-ral) [^sirucfiira, struc- pillar; W(7.r?7/(/,
maxilla]. Pertaining t^ the
ture]. Pertaining to or affecting the struc- styloid process and the maxilla.
ture.
Stylopharyngeus [sti-lo-J'ar-iii-je'-us). See
Struma {stru'-7nah) [L.]. i. Scrofula. 2. Muscles, Table of.
Goiter. Stylus (sti'-lus) [L. a stake]. , pointed A in-
Strumiprivus [stni
-
me -
pri'-vtis) {struma: strument for making applications.
privHs, deprived of]. Deprived of the thy- Styptic [stip'-tik){aTv-TiK(')r, astringent]. I.
roid gland due to the removal of the thyroid
;
Checking hemorrhage by contracting the
gland, as cachexia strumipriva. blood-vessels. 2. An agent that checks
Strumous [stru'-mus) \_struma'\. Scrofulous. hemorrhage by causing contraction of the
Strychnin [strik'-imt] \aTpvxvn(;, strychnin], blood-vessels.
C^^\l.^^^.f)^. One of the alkaloids of Nux Styracin [sti'-ra-siii). See Styrax.
vomica. S. sulphate, (C„,H.j.^N,0..).,-H2- Styrax (sti'-raks) [Tr/ym^, storax]. Storax ;
S0^.5H,,0) (Strychnine sulphas, U. S."P.). a balsam olitained from the inner bark of
Dose of the alkaloid or salt gr. Jg (0.003). Liquidambar orientalis, or oriental sweet-
For properties and uses see Ahix vomica. gum. It contains a volatile oil, styrol, sev-
Strychninism (strik' - nin - izm) [arpiixvog, eral resins, an amorphous substance called
strychnin]. The state of being under the storesin, cinnamic acid, and styracin (the cin-
inlluence of strychnin namate of cinnamyl). It is stimulant, ex-
STYRONE SUBINFLAMMATION
pectorant, and antiseptic, acting like benzoin Subcranial [sub - kra' -ne al) -
[i«(^, under;
and tolu, and is used in broncliial aflections Kpav'iov, cranium]. Situated beneath the
and catarrh of the urinary passages. Exter- cranium.
nally it is an antiseptic and parasiticide. It Subcrepitant [sub-krep'-it-ant) \_sub, under ;
is a constituent of Friar's balsam. Dose gr. crepilare, to make a

crackling noise]. Al-
v-xx (0.32-1.3). most crepitant, as, e.g., S. rale. See Rale.
Styrone [s//^-ro/i) lâri'pa^, storax],
Cinna- Subcrureus [subkru-re' -US'). See Muscles,
mic alcohol, C,jH|(,(_). 'J'able of.
Styryl Alcohol [sti^-ril) \_aTvpa^, storax]. Subculture [sub-kul'-tiir] \_sub, under ;

cul-
See Styrone. tura, culture]. In bacteriology, a secondary
Sub- [L.]. A prefix denoting under or be- culture made from a primary culture.
neath ill
chemistry, a prefix denoting (l)
; Subcutaneous {snb-ku-ta'-ne-in)\^siib, under;
the lower of two compounds of the same ele- cutancus, from cutis, the skin]. Beneath the
ments; (2) denoting a basic salt. skin hypodermic.
;
Subacetate [^sub-as' -et-dt) \_sub, under; ace- Subcuticular [siib-ku-tik'-u-lar')\_sub, under;

fiiDi, vinegar]. A basic acetate. cutis, skin]. Beneath the epidermis, as, e.g.,
Subacid (sii/>-as^-id) \_snl>, under; acidum, a S. stitch.
acid]. Moderately acid. Subdiaphragmatic (sid'-di-a-frag-viaf -ik)
Subacromial {sub-ak-ro'-nie-aI)\_siib, under; [jv//',
under ; J/d^/5a}'//a, diaphragm]. Under
aci'oiiiial'\.
Below the acromion. the diaphragm.
Subacute [sub-ak-i'it'') \_sub, under ; acutus, Subdural [sub-du'-ral) [sid', under; dura,
sharp]. Moderately acute. dura]. Beneath the dura.
Subanconeus {snb-an-ko-iie'-tis). See ]\Ius- Subencephalon [sub - en - sef - al - on) S^sub,
cles, J\il>!e of. under; f}/i/9a/oi', brain]. The medulla ob-
Subaponeurotic {sitb-ap-on-u-rof -ik') \_sHb, longata, pons, and corpora quadrigemina taken
under; aponeurosis^. Beneath an aponeu- together.
rosis. Subendocardial ' sub-cn-do-kar' -de-al) \sub,
Subarachnoid [sub-ar-ak' -iioid)\^sub under ; , under; fi'Joc, within; napSia, heart]. Be-
aiac/iiioid']. Beneath the arachnoid mem- neath the endocardium.
brane, as, e. g., the S. space. Subepidermal, Subepidermatic, Subepi-
Subarcuate \sub - ar'- kii- at') \_siib, under; dermic [sub-ep-e-dcr' -tnal sub-ep-e-dcr-»iat'- ,
aims, an arc]. Slightly arcuate. ik, sub-ep-e-der' -??iik')\_sub, under ; krvi, upon ;
Subastragalar, Subastragaloid {sitb-as- Sipua, skin]. Situated beneath the epider-

trag' -alar, siib-as-trag^ -al-oid) \sub, under; mis.
astragalus'^. Below the astragalus. Subepithelial [sub'ep-e'the'-le-al)\_sub, under;
Subcalcarine {st/b-/cal-ka-}-en) \^siib,
under ; ett/, upon ;
nipple].
^;///;, Situated under an
cakarine^. Situated beneath the calcarine epithelial surface.
fissure, as the S. convolution. Suberin [su'-ber-in) \_suber, cork]. The im-
Subcapsular under
(sub-kap'-su-lar')
\_siib, ; pure cellulose forming the cellular tissue of
Beneath a capsule.
capsitla, capsule]. cork.
Subcarbonate {snb-kar^-bon-dt)\_siib, under; Subfascial [subfasld-e-al) \_sub, under fas- ;
sarbo, charcoal]. A basic carbonate. cia, fascia]. Beneath the fascia.

Subclavian (^stib-kla'-%!e-an) \^sub, under; Subfebrile [stib-feb' -ril) \_sub,\mAex; febris,
clavis, key]. Lying under the clavicle, as, fever]. Slightly febrile.
e.
g. the S. artery.
,
Subflavous [sub -fla' -vus')\_sub under \favus, ,
Subclavicular {sub kla vik'- u lar^ \_sub,- - -

yellow]. Somewhat yellow.
under; r/a77'.f, key]. Beneath the clavicle. Subgallate [sub-gal' -Idt). A basic gallate.
Subclavius [siib-kla'-vc-ns). See Muscles, S. of Bismuth, BiC^HÔ^. Uerniatol, an
Table of. odorless, yellovi' powder used as an antiseptic
Subconjunctival [sub
-
kon jungk
- -
ti'- val ) in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and
[.f?^/',
under ; conju7ictiva'\. Situated beneath locally as a sulistitute for iodoform. Dose
the conjunctiva. gr. v-x (0.32-0.65).
Subconsciousness {sub-kon'-sliiis-nes) \_sub, Subglenoid [sub-glc '') \_sub,
under ;
gle-
under; conscms, knowing]. Imperfect con- noid'\. Beneath the glenoid fossa, as, e.
g.,
sciousness; that state in which mental pro- S. dislocation of the humerus.
cesses take place without the mind being Subhyoid [sub-hi'-oid) \_sub, under ; voziiijq,
distinctly conscious of its own activity. hyoid]. Beneath the hyoid bone.
Subcoracoid (sub-kor' -ak-oid) \^siib, under; Subiculum [sub-ik'-u-luiii) \^sid>cx, a layer].
KopaS,, a crow ; elJof, like]. Situated below The uncinate gyrus.
the coracoid process. Subinfiammation [sub in -flam a' shun) - - -
Subcortical {sub-kor'-tik-al') \^sub, under; \_sub , \\w<\ex ;

inflammation].
/«//'(?w;«<?/'/^, A
cortex, cortex]. Beneath the cortex. slight degree of inllammation.
SUBINTRANT SUBSCAPULAR
Subintrant [stib-in' -trant) \siihinlrare, to the condition of being under the surface of a
enter secretly]. Entering secretly; applied liquid.
to malarial fevers in which a new paroxysm Submucous (sub-mu'-kus) [sub, under ;
Situated beneath a mu-

begins before the termination of the preced- mucosus, mucous].
cous membrane.
ing one.
Subinvolution [siib-in-vo-lu' -shuu') \_siib, un- SuhnasaX (sub-tia'-zal) \_sub, under; nasus,
der ;involidio, a rolling up]. Imperfect nose]. Situated below the nose. S. Point.
involution. S. of the Uterus, the imper- See Craniometric Points.
fect contraction of the uterus after delivery. Subnitrate (sub - ni ' - trat) \_sub, under;
Subjacent (sub-ja'-sent) \siib, under ; yrtc^r^, nitrutn, niter]. A basic nitrate.
to lie]. Lying beneath. Subnormal (sub-nor'-mal) \_sub, under ;
Subject {sub'-jekt) [sub, under ;

Jacei-e, to norma, rule]. Below normal.
throw]. I. An
individual that serves for Subnucleus (sub-nu'-kle-jis) \sub, under ;
purposes of experiment or study, or that is nucleus, nucleus]. Any one of the smaller
under observation or treatment. 2. cadaver. A groups of cells into which a large nerve-
Subjective [siib-jek' -tiv) \_siib, wnd.ex \ jacere, nucleus is divided by the passage through it
to I. Pertaining to the individual of nerve-bundles.
throw].
himself. 2. Of symptoms, experienced by Suboccipital (sub-ok-sip'-it-al) [sub, under;
the patient himself, and not amenable to phy- occiput\. Situated beneath the occiput.
sical exploration. Suboxid [sub-oks'-id) [sttb, under; b^'vq,
Sublatio (sub-la' -she-6) [L.]. Removal. acid]. One of two oxids containing the less
S. retinae, detachment of the retina. oxygen.
Sublimate [snb'-Iim-dt) \_siib/i>iiare,
to lift Subparietal (sub-par-i'-et-al) [sub, under ;
up high]. A
substance obtained by sublima- paries, wall]. Situated beneath the parietal
tion. S., Corrosive, mercuric chlorid. See bone, convolution, or fissure.
Merciay. Subpatellar (sub-pai-el'-ar ) [ sub, under ;
Sublimation [sith-liin-a'-shitn')\subUniare, to patella, knee-cap]. Situated beneath the

lift
up high]. The vaporization and conden- patella.
sation of a volatile solid. Subpeduncular (sub-pe-dung' -ku-lar) [sub,
Sublime [stib-lU/t) [^snblimare, to lift up under pedunculus,
;
peduncle]. Situated
high]. I. To subject to sublimation. 2. To beneath a peduncle.
undergo sublimation. Subpericardial (sub-per-e-kar'-de-al) [sub,
Sublingual [sitb-Hng'-gwa!) \_SHb, beneath ; under; -f/j/, around impSia, heart].
; Situ-
lingtia, tongue]. i.
Lying beneath the ated beneath the pericardium.
tongue. 2. Pertaining to the parts lying be- Subperiosteal { sub-per-e-os'-te-al) [sub,
neath the tongue. under; irepi, around; oariov, bone]. Be-
Sublinguitis [stib-ling-g'wi' -tis\ \_sitb, under ;
neath the periosteum.
//;/•,'// tongue; cr/f, inflammation]. Inflam-
(^?, Subperitoneal (sub-per-e-tan-e' -al) [sub,
mation of the sublingual gland. under; rrepiTovaiov, peritoneum]. Beneath
Sublobular [sub-lob' -it-lar) \_suh, under; the peritoneum.
lobulus, a lobule]. Situated beneath a lobule. Subphrenic ( suh-fren' -ik ). Synonym of
S. Veins, the radicles of the hepatic veins, Subdiaphragmatic.
situated at the base of a cluster of lobules. Subpleural (sub-plu'-ral) [sub, under ;
-Mv-
Subluxation [sub-luks-a'-shmi) \sub, under ; pa, side]. Beneath the pleura.
luxa/io, luxation]. Incomplete luxation. Subpontine (sub-pon'-tin) [sub, under ; pons,
Submammary (sub-ntavi' -a-re) \sub, under ;
pons]. Beneath the pons.
mamma, breast]. Situated beneath the Subpreputial -
\sub-pre pu' she- al) [sub.
-
breast. under preputiutn, prepuce].

; Beneath the
Submarginal {sub-mar' -jin-al") \sub, under ;
prepuce.
tiuirgo, margin]. Situated near the border or Subpubic (sub-pu'-bik) [sub, under pubes, ;
margin. pubis]. Situated beneath the pubic arch or

Submaxillary [siib-malcs'-il-a-re] \_sub, un- symphysis.
der; maxilla, maxilla], i. Lying beneath
Subpulmonary ( sub-pul' -mon-a-re ) [ sub,
the lower maxilla, as, c. g., the S. 2. under pulmo, the lung]. (Jn the ventral
gland. ;
Pertaining to the S. gland. side of the lungs.

Submental (sub-men' -tal) \_sub, under; ?iieii- Subretinal (sub-ret' -i)i al) [sub, under;
tuiii, chin]. Situated under the chin. retina, retina]. Beneath the retina.
Submerge (sub-tnerj') \_sub, under
mergere, ; Subsalt. A
basic salt.
to dip]. To place under the surface of a Subscapular (sitb-skap'-u-lar) [sub, under ;
liquid. scapula, the shoulder-blade]. I. Beneath
Submersion (sub- me r' shun) \sub, under ;
the scapula, e. g., as the S. muscle, or Sub-
mergere,io6\^\. The act of submerging; scapularis. 2. Pertaining to the S. muscle.
SUBSCAPULARIS SUDATORIUM
Subscapularis {^sul>-skcij^-u la'-ris).
See Subvertebral [sub-vcr'-tc-bral) [sub, under;
A/us.ii's, I'able of. I'crtcbra, vertebra]. Beneath a vertebra.
Subscription ( stih-skrip'
-shtin ) [ sub, be- Subzonal [sub-zo'-naL) \_siib, under; C^^'''/.
neath scribere, to write].
;
That part of a zone]. Beneath the zona pellucida.
prescription containing tlie directions to Subzygomatic (
sub - zi -go - tnat'
-ik)[ sub,
the pharmacist, indicating how the ingredi- under; i^vyufia, zygoma]. Below the zy-
ents are to be mixed and prepared. goma.
.Subserous \sitb-sc' -rus) \_stib, under serosus, ;
Succedaneum [suk-se-da' -ne-mn) \_siib,
serous]. Beneath a serous membrane. under ; cedere,

go]. substitute.
to AS.,
Subspinous [sub s/î'- mis) \_siib, under;
-
Caput. See Caput.
spina, spine]. I. Beneath a spine. 2. Succenturiate [suk-sen-tu' -re-dt) [succentu-
Beneath the spinal cohunn. riiirc, to receive as a substitute]. Accessory.
Substage (i'////-.f/^//)- The parts beneatli the Succinate [suk'-sin-dt) \_succinuin, amber].
stage of a microscope, including the dia- A salt of succinic acid.
phragm, condenser, illuminator, and other Succinic Acid [suk-sin'-ik). See Acid.
accessories. Succinum [suk-si'-nuni') [L.]. Amber, a
Substance of Rolando. See Substantia fossil resin found in the alluvial deposits of
gclatiiiosa.
Central Europe, and thought to be derived
Substantia {siib-stan' -she-ah) [L.]. Sub- from an extinct species of pine. It contains
stance. S. cinerea, tlie gray matter of the a volatile oil, Oleum succini, used in hysteria,
nervous system. S. ferruginea. Synonym whooping-cough, amenorrhea, and locally as
of Locks ca-ruleus. S. fiTSca. vSee Locus a rubefacient in chronic rheumatism, whoop-
nigcr. S. gelatinosa, a peculiar gelatinous ing-cough, and infantile convulsions. Dose
tissue found in the spinal cord near tlie tip tTLv-xv (0.32-1.0).
of the posterior horn. S. grisea, the gray Succuba [siik'-u-bn/i) [sub, under; cuiubere,
matter of the spinal cord. S. nigra, the to lie]. A
female demon formerly believed
locus niger. S. propria, the essential tissue to consort with men in their sleep. Cf. In-
of a part especially the middle layer
;
cubus.
(lamina propria) of the tympanic mem- Succulent [suk'-u-lcnt) [succus, a juice].
brane. Juicy.
Substernal [suh-sftir'-nal)\_siib, under; ster- Succus [suk'-us) [I-]- I- A vegetable
num']. Beneath the sternum. juice. 2. An animal secretion. S. enteri-
Substitution (si/b-stit-r/s/n/n) \_si/b,
under ; cus, the intestinal juice, secreted by the
stafiierc, to place]. The replacement of one glands of the intestinal mucous membrane.
In chemistry, the replac- It is thin, opalescent, alkaline, and has a
thing by another.
Its chief function
ing of one or more elements or radicles in a specific gravity of loil.
It contains
compound by other elements or radicles. isprobably to act as a diluent.
Subsulphate (sub-sul'-fdt) \_snb, under; sul- an amylolytic and a proteolytic ferment. S.
phur, sulphur]. A
basic sulphate. gastricus, the gastric juice.
Subsultus {sub-su/'-tus)[si/b, under; saltire, Succussion [suk-ush' -ini) [sub, under;
to leap]. A
jerking or twitching. S. ten- quatere, to shake]. A shaking, especially of
dinum, involuntary twitching of the muscles, the individual from side to side, for the pur-
especially of the hands and feet, seen in low pose of determining the presence of fluid in
fevers. a cavity or hollow organ of the body. S.-
Subtarsal [st/b-tar^-sal) [j-2^3, beneath ;
tar- sound, S. -splash, the peculiar splashing
sus'].
Beneath the tarsus. sound heard when the patient is shaken in
Subthalamic [sub-thal-am'-ik') \_sub, under; hydropneumothorax or pyopneumothorax, or
Beneath the optic thal- in cases of dilated stomach containing fluid.
da'Aaiioq, thalamus].
amus. Sucrose [su'-krbs'). See Saccharuin.
Subtrochanteric [sub-tro-kan-ter' -ik) [sub, Suction [ suk'-shun) [suctio, a sucking]
under; rpoYavr^p, trochanter]. Below the The act of sucking.
trochanter. Sudamen, Sudamina [su-da' -men su-da7n'
-
,
Subtrochlear [sub-trok'-le-ar) \_sub, under ; in-ah) [sudor, sweat]. An eruption of

Tpox'tla, pulley]. Beneath the trochlea. translucent whitish vesicles, due to a nonin-
Subungual [sub-ting' -gwal) \sub, under; flammatory disturbance of the sweat glands,
unguis, nail]. Beneath the nail. consisting in a collection of sweat in the ducts
Suburethral [sub-u-re'-thral') [.9«^, beneath ;
of the sweat-glands or beneath the epidermis,
u retJim]. Beneath the urethra. and occurring in fevers and profuse sweat-
Subvaginal [sub-vaj' -in-al) [.f«/',
beneath ; ing.
Tagina, sheath]. Beneath a sheath. S. Sudation [su-da' -s/iun) [sudarc, to sweat]
Space, the space beneath the sheath of dura The act of sweating.
mater surrounding the optic nerve. Sudatorium [su-dal-o' -re-ton) [.rz^r^r, sweat]
SUDOR SULPHUR
I. A hot air-bath. 2. A room for the ad- S., Posthypnotic, the command to do cer-
ministration of a hot air-bath. tain acts given the subject while in the
Sudor (w/-</(^r) [L.].

Sweat. S. anglicus. hypnotic stage, and causing him to execute
See Miliaria. S. cruentus. Synonym of these acts after his return to his normal con-
Hematidrosis. S. nocturnus, night-sweat. dition. S. -therapy, treatment of disordered
S. sanguinosus. See Hematidrosis. S. states by means of suggestion.
urinosus. See Uridrosis. Suggillation, Sugillation [suj-il-a'-shun)

Sudoral {sudor, sweat]. Per- {sugiliare, to beat black and blue]. An
{sn'-dor-al)
taining to or characterized by sweating. ecchymosis or bruise.
Sudoriferous (su-dor-if^-er-iis) [sudor, sweat; Sulcate (sul'-kat) {sulcus, a furrow]. Fur-
ferre, to bear]. Producing sweat. rowed grooved.
;
Sudorific {su-dor-if'-ik) {sudor, sweat fa- ;

Sulcus [sicl'-kus) [L.]. A furrow or groove;
cere, to mal-ce]. I. Inducing sweating. 2. applied especially to the fissures of the brain.
An agent inducing sweating. For subheadings see Fissu!-es. S., Intra-
Sudoriparous [su-dor-ip^-ar-us) {sudor, parietal, that dividing tlie superior from the
sweat; paj-ere, to beget]. Secreting sweat. inferior parietal lobule. S., Precentral, one
Suet {su'-ct) {sebum, s\x€C\. The internal fat situated in front of the fissure of Rolando
of the abdomenof the sheep or cattle. and running nearly parallel with it. S. spi-
Mutton-S. (Sevum, U. S. P., Sevum prae- ralis, the grooved extremity of the lamina
spiralis of the cochlea. S., Vertical. Same
paratum, B. P.) consists of stearin, palmitin,
and olein, and is used as an emollient and in as S., Precentral.
the preparation of ointments. Sulfonal [suF-fo-nal). vSee Sulphonal.
Suffocation {suf-o-ka'-shun). Interference Sulph- {sulf-). See Sulpho-.
with the entrance of air into the lungs by Sulphaminol [sul-fam'-in-ol) {sulphur, sul-
means other than external pressure on the phur ff/;//'^], Cj.^HySNO.^. Thioxydiphenyl-
;
trachea. amin, a powder obtained by the action of

Suffocative Catarrh. Capillary bronchitis. sulphur on the salts of methoxydiphenylamin.
It is used as an antiseptic in diseases of the
Suffumigation [suf-u-mii^-a'-skun) {siiffu-
I. The act of fumigating from antrum and frontal sinuses and in laryngeal
migatio\
underneath. 2. A substance used for fumi- tuberculosis.
gation. Sulphanilic Acid {sul-fan-iF -ik) {sulphur,

Suffusion {suf-u'-zhu>i) {sub, under; fun- sulphur]. See Acids, Table of.
dere, to pour]. A
spreading of a liquid over Sulphate [suF-fdt) {sulphur, sulphur]. A
a surface an extensive superficial extravasa-
;
saltof sulphuric acid.
tion of blood. Sulphid [suF-fid] {sulphur']. A compound
[ME., «<ro-if/-, sugar]. The
^M^,z.x iyshoog'-ar') of sulphur with an element or basic radicle.
generic name
of a class of sweet carbohy- Sulphinid {sul' -Jin-id). Saccharin.
drates. See Saccharuiii. Chemically, sugars Sulphite {sul'-fit) {sulphw']. salt of sul- A
are divided as follows: Cane-sugar, Cj,,!!.^," phurous acid.
0,j ; glucose (grape-sugar or starch-sugar), Sulpho- {sul'-fo-){s7ilphur, sulphur]. A pre-

CgHjjOg ; lactose, sugar of milk ; and inosite, fix denoting containing sulphur.
a variety found in certain muscular tissues Sulphocarbolic Acid -
[sid fo-kar-bol' -ik).
and in the juice of asparagus. S., Beet-, See Acids, Table of.
saccharose obtained from species of Beta, Sulphonal [suF-fo-nal) {sulphur, sulphur],
especially the common beet. Beta
vulgaris. C-Hjg.S.,0^. Diethylsulphon dimethylme-
-
S., Diabetic, glucose. S., Fruit-, levulose. thane, a crystalline substance soluble in 15
S., Grape-, glucose in the solid state. S., parts of boiling water and about 450 parts of
Invert. See Invert. S., Maple-, saccharose cold water. It is used as an hypnotic in
obtained from the sugar-maple. Sugar- insomnia from functional causes. Dose gr.
house Eczema, an eczema sometimes ob- x-xl (0.65-2.6).
served in laborers employed in sugar refin- Sulphophenol {sul-fofe'-nol). See Sulpho-
eries. carbolic Add.
Suggestible {sug-jes' -tib-l) {suggerere, to Sulphosalicylic Acid. See Salicylsulphonic
suggest, irom sub, under; gerere, to bring]. Acid.
Amenable to suggestion. Sulphovinic Acid [sul-fo-vi'-nic), CjH-.-
Suggestion [sug-jes' -chuti)
{suggerere to ,
HSO^, ethylsulphuric acid, a monobasic acid
suggest, from sub, under; gerere, to bring]. formed by the action of sulphuric acid on
I. The artificial
production of a certain psy- alcohol.
chic state in which the individual from Skt.
experiences Sulphur [sul'-fur') [L. probably , ,
such sensations as are suggested to him or (ulvari, sulphur]. A

nonmetallic element
ceases to experience those wliich he is in- found native in volcanic regions (volcanic S.),
structed not to feel. 2. The thing suggested. and occurring combined with several metals,-
SULPHURATED SUPPOSITORY
es]iecially iron and copper, in the form of chronic bronchitis, etc. Dose ^ss-ij (2.0-
sulphids, called iron and copper pyrites. S. 8.0). Tinctura sumbul (U. S. P., B. P.),
can exist in various allotropic forms. Tlie n^xx-f^j (1. 3-40).
ordinary S. is a yellow, brittle solid, having a Summer-complaint. See Cholera itifantutu.
specific gravity of 2, and an atomic weight of Summer-rash. Lichen tropicus.
31.98. Symbol S. Its valence is two, four, Sun-burn. Superficial inflammation of the
and six. S. combines with oxygen to form sul- skin caused by exposure to the sun. S.-
phurous oxid (S. dioxid), SO.,, and sulphuric stroke, insolation.
oxid (S. trioxid), SO3, which by uniting with Super- {su'-per-) [L., above or upon]. A
water form corresponding acids sulphur- — prefix denoting above, upon, or excessive.
ous acid, IL.SOg, and sulphuric acid, HjSO^. Superalimentation [su -per
-
alim en ta'-- -
Other acids are also formed hyposulphurous :

slniti)\super, over; alitnentation\ Over
acid, H.,SO.,, thiosulphuric acid, H2S.2O3, and feeding.
a series of acids termed thionic acids, viz., Superciliary {su-per-sil'-e-a-re) \_super, &hoyQ ,
U,S,0„ H,Sfi„ and Pertaining to the eye-

H,S.,0,,. U^p,. ciliuiH,eyelash].
\îth hydrogen S. forms the offensively- brow. S. Entropion, incurvation of h;iirs
smelling gas, hydrogen sulphid (hydrosul- of the eyebrow against the conjunctiva.
phuric acid or sulphureted hydrogen), HjS. Supercilium {su-per-sil' -e-ui>i) [L.}. The
With metals and other bases it forms eyebrow.
sulphids. S. is laxative and diaphoretic. Superextension {super-eks-teii'-shui!)\_supcr,
It has been used in hemorrhoids, chronic over; exteudere, to extend]. Excessive
rheumatism, gout, and locally in diphtheria extension.
and in various diseases of the skin, especially Superfecundation [su-per-fe-kun-da'-shuu)
acne and scabies. S. is used in the form of [super, over fectmdus, fertile].
;
The fertili-
S. lotum (U. S. P.), washed suljihur, dose zation of more than one ovum of the same
3SS-5SS (2.0-16.0); S.
prcecipitatum (U. ovulation resulting from separate acts of
S. P., B. P.), dose (4.0-12.0)
,^j-iij S. ;
coitus.
sublimatum (U. B. P.), sublimed S.
S. P., Superfetation ( sti-per-fe-ta' -shun ) [ super,
S. iodid (Sulphuris iodidum, U. S. P., B. P.), over; felus'\.
A fertilization of an ovum
S-Îg, employed in various skin-diseases. when there is another from a previous ovula-
From it is prepared Unguentum iodidi (B. P. ). tion in the uterus.
Unguentum sulphuris (U. S. P., B. P.) is Superficial [su-pcrfish'-al ) [ super, over ;
prepared from washed S. Sulphurous oxid, fades, face]. Confined to or pertaining to

SO,, is employed as a disinfectant by fumi- the surface.
gation. Superficialis {su-perfsh-e-a'-lis) i.
[L.].
Sulphurated {sitl'-fn-ra-ted) [sulphur, sul- 2. A
Superficial. superficial part, as, ^. _§-., S.
phur]. Combined with sulphur. S. Potassa. volte, a superficial branch of the radial artery.
See Potassa siilpJnirala. Superimpregnation (
su -per-
iin preg-na'- -
Sulphuret {sul' -fii-ret)[sulphur\ A sulphid. shun) [super, over; impregnation^ See

Sulphureted {sul-fu-ret'-ed) \_sii/p/nir, sul- Superfetation.
phur]. Combined with sulphur. S. Hydro- Superior (su-pe'-re-or) [comparative of su-
gen. See Sulphur. perus, high]. Higher; denoting the upper
Sulphuric (sul-fu' -rik) [sulphur, sulphur]. of two parts.
Combined with sulphur derived from sul-
; Supernumerary [su-per-nu' -mer-a-re) [super,
phur trioxid, SO.,. S. Acid. See Acid, over; nuinerus, a number]. Existing in
Sulphuric, and Sulphur. more than the usual number.
Sulphurous {sul-fu' -rus or sul'-fu-rus) [sul- Supersalt {su'-per-saivlt). An acid salt.
phur, sulphur]. I. Of the nature of sul- Supersaturate {su-per-saf -u-rat) [super,
phur. 2. Combined with sulphur; derived over; ,f(7///;<7;-(', to saturate]. To saturate to
from sulphur dioxid, SOj. S. Acid. See excess ;
to add more of a substance than a
Acid, Sulphurous, and Sulphur. liquid can dissolve.
Sulphydrate [su If- hi'- drat) [wc/////^;-, sul- Supination [su-pin a'-shun) [supinus, on the
phur; ?Jf^(j/), water]. A compound of a base back]. The turning of the ]ialm of the
I.
with the univalent radicle, Sulphydryl, SH. hand upward. 2. The condition of being
Sulphydric Acid. Used improperly as a supine.
synonym of suljihureted hydrogen. Supinator (su' -pin
-
a -
tor). See Muscles,
Sumbul {suin'-hul). The Ferula sumbul of Table of.
the order Umbelliferoe. The
root (Sumbul, Supplemental {sup-le-nien'-tal) [sub ; plere,
U. S. P., Sumbul radix, B.
P.) contains to fill].
Additional. S. Air. See A'espira-
angelic acid, C^HgO,, and a little valerianic tion.
acid, C-H,„0._,. S. is used as a nervine in Suppository {sup - oz' - it re) [suppcsitoH-
- -
neurasthenia, hysteria, and in anemia, um, from szib, under; poncre, to place]. A
SUPPRESSION SUPRATROCHLEAR
solid medicated compound designed to be in- Supranuclear {su-prah-nu' -kle-ar) [supra,
troduced into the rectum, urethra, or vagina. above nucleus].
; Above a nucleus.
Its consistency is such that while retaining Siipraoccipital {su-prah-ok-sip' -it-al) [supra,
itsshape at ordinary temperatures, it readily above ;occiput]. i. Above the occipital
melts at the temperature of the body. The bone. 2. The upper part of the occipital bone.
basis of most suppositories is oil of theo- Supraorbital {su -prah -or'- bit al) [supra,
-
broma. For urethral suppositories a mix- above orbita, orbit].

;
I. Above the orbit,
ture of gelatinand glycerol is used. as, e.

g., the S. nerve. 2. Pertaining to the
Suppression [sup-resh'-wt) \siib, under ; S. nerve.
primere, to press]. A sudden cessation of Suprapatellar {su-pi-ahpat-eF -ar) [sut>ra

secretion, as, e.g., S. of the urine or menses. above patella, patella].
;
Above ine palena.
Suppurant (sup' -u-rant) \juppiiraticn'\. i. Suprapelvic {su prahpel' -vik)[supra above ,
Promoting suppuration. 2. An agent pro- pelvis]. Above the pelvis.

'
moting suppuration. Suprapineal {su -prah -pi -tie- al) [supra,
Suppuration [siip-ii-m'-skiin)\_sub, beneath ; above pineal].
;
Above the pineal gland.
'
pics\. The formation of pus. Suprapontine {su -prah pon -
tin) [supra,
-
Suppurative [siip'-tt-ra-tiv) \_stippurafion'\. above pons, bridge]. Above or in the su-

;
I. Producing pus. 2. An agent that favors perior part of the pons.

suppuration. Suprapubic {su-prah-pu'-bik) [supra, above ;
Supra- [L., above].

[su'-pra/t-) prefix A pubis, pubis]. Above the pubes.
signifying upon or above. Suprarenal {su-prah-re' -nal) [supra, above ;
Supraacromial (su prah ak ro' me al) ren, the kidney]. i. Above the
- - - - -
kidney, as,
[supra, 2ihove; acromion']. Situated above e.g., the S. capsule. 2. Pertaining to the
the acromion. suprarenal capsule. S. Body, S. Capsule,

Supraauricular {su- prah aw rik' u- !ar) a small triangular organ situated above tlie
- - -
\_sHpra, above auricle'].

;
Above the exter- kidney, and consisting of an external or corti-
nal ear. S. Point, See Cranioiiietric cal, and an internal or medullary portion.
Points. The cortex consists of polygonal cells dis-
ko' - raid) \_supra, posed in three layers, the zona glomerulosa,
- -
Suprachoroid {su p7-ah
above ; choroid]. Above the choroid or the zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.
choroid plexus. Fibrous septa, derived from the capsule,
Supraclavicular {su- prah
- kla- vik' - u- /ar) extend into the organ and separate the groups
\_supra, above; clavis, key]. Above the of cells. The medulla contains cords and
clavicle. networks of polygonal cells, and in its
Supracondylar, Supracondyloid {su-prah- center ganglion cells and nonmedullated
kon' -dil-ar, sii-prak kon^-dil-oid) [supra, nerve-fibers. The function of the S. body is
above; condyie]. Above the condyles. not definitely known it is — believed to bear
Supracostal {su-prah-kos' -tal)\_supra, above ;
some relation to pigment-production.
casta, rib]. Above the ribs. Suprascapular {su-pj-ah-skap'-udar) [supra,
Supracot^loid {su-prah-kot' -il-oid) [sttpra, above; iriT/'/z/^/, the shoulder-blade]. Al)ove
above; cotyloid]. Above the cotyloid cavity. or in the upper part of the scapula.
- -
Supraglenoid {suprah-gle' -noid) [supra, Supraspinal {su prah spi' -nal) [supra,
ahove glenoid].
; Above the glenoid cavity. above spina, spine].
; Above a spine.
Supraglottic {suprah-glot^-Jk)[supra, above ; Supraspinales (su prah spi-na'-lez). See
- -
}Au7-/f, glottis]. Above the glottis. Muscles, Table of.

Suprahyoid {suprah-hi'-oid) [supra, above; Supraspinatus {supra-spi-na'-tus) [supra,
hyoid]. Above the hyoid bone. above spina, spine].
; Above the spine, as
Supramalleolar {supra k-tnal-e'-o-lar) [supra, the S. muscle. See Aluscles, Table of.
above malleolus, malleolus]
; Above the .
Supraspinous -
{su -prah spi' nus) [supra.
-
malleoli. above; spina, spine]. Above the spinous

Supramammary {su-prah-mani' -a-re) [supra, process of the scapula or of a vertebra. S.
above ; mamma, breast] . Above the mammae. Fossa, the triangular depression above the
Supramarginal {suprah-mar' -jin-al)[supra , spine of the scapula.
above margo, margin]. Above an edge or
; Suprasternal {su -prah -slur' - nal) [supra,
margin, as, e.
g., the S. convolution of the above; sternum, sternum]. Above the
brain. sternum.
Supramastoid {suprah-mas'-toid) [supra, Supratemporal {su-prah-tem'-po-ral)[supra,
above; //rtcrr(5f, nipple ; elrfof, like]. Ahove over; tempus, time]. Above the temporal
the mastoid process. region.
Supramaxillary {szi-prah-maks' -il-a-re) [su- Supratrochlear {su-prah-trok' -le-ar) [supra,
pra, above; maxilla, maxilla]. Pertaining above; trochlea]. Above the trochlea or
to tne superior maxilla.
pulley of the superior oblique muscle.
SUPRAVAGINAL SUTURE
Supravaginal (sn- prah-vaj'-in-al^ \supra, union of the frontal with the parietal bones
over; ri/^/^/f?, vagina]. I. Above a sheath; on transversely across the vertex of the skull.
the outside of a slieath. 2. Above the vayina. S., Ethmofrontal, the union between the
Sura [sn'-rah) [L.]. The calf of the leg. frontal anil ethmoid bones. S., Ethmo-
Sural [si('-ral) [sura, calf]. Pertaining to lacrimal, the union between the lacrimal
the calf of the leg. and ethmoid bones. S., Ethmosphenoid,
Surcingle (sitr^ -siii-gl') [sttpei% over ;
ii)igii- the union between the sphenoid and etinnoid
ltt»t^ a belt]. The tail of the corj)us striatum. bones. S., Frontal, a S. which at birth joins
Surdity [si/i'-dit-e) \_surdiias'\. Deafness. the two frontal bones from the vertex to the
Surdomutitas (
sur-do-niu' -tit-as ) \jurdiis, root of the nose, but which afterward becomes
deaf; inutiis, mute]. Deaf-mutism. obliterated. S., Frontomalar, the union
Surgeon {siir'-jun) [OF., cirurgicn, from between the malar and frontal bones. S.,
Xfif^ hand ; epyeiv, to work]. One who Frontomaxillary, the union between the
practices surgery. superior maxillary and frontal bones. S.,
Surgery [sur' -jer-e) \OY .,cirnrgic, from je/p, Frontonasal, the union between the nasal
hand; e/jye/v, to work]. The branch of medi- and frontal bones. S., Frontoparietal.
cine dealing with diseases requiring operative See S., Coronal. S., Frontosphenoid, the
procedure. S., Antiseptic, the application union between the alee of the sphenoid bone
of antiseptic methods in the treatment of and the frontal bone. S., Frontotemporal,
wounds. S., Major, that in which the the union between the frontal and temj)oral
operations are im[)ortant and involve risks to bones. S., Intermaxillary, the union be-
life. S., Minor, that part of S. including tween the superior maxillary bones. S.,
procedures not involving danger to life, as, Internasal, the union between the nasal
e. g., bandaging, the application of splints, liones. S., Interparietal. See S., Sagittal.
dressings, sutures, counterirritation, cauter- S., Jugal. See S., Sagittal. S., Lamb-
ization, and blood letting. S., Plastic, doid, the union between the two superior
repair of defects by transference of tissue. borders of the occipital bone and the parietal
Surgical {snr'-jik-al^ \surgery\ I. Per- bones. S., Longitudinal. See S., Sagittal.
taining to surgery. 2. Produced by S. opera- S., Mastooccipital. See S., Occipitomas-
tions. S. Kidney, suppuration of the kid- toid. S., Mastoparietal. See .S'., Farieto-
ney due to disease of the genitourinary tract. viastoid. S., Maxillolacrimal, the union
S. Neck of the humerus, the constricted between the lacrimal and superior maxillary
part of the shaft below the tuberosities, so bones. S., Mediofrontal. See S. Froittal.
,
called because it is a common seat of fracture. S., Metopic. See S., Frontal. S., Naso-
Sursumduction [siir-sum-duk' -sluing [siir- maxillary, the union between the superior
smii, up; dticcre, to lead]. The power of maxillary and nasal bones. S., Occipital.
the two eyes of fusing two images when See S., Lainhdoid. S., Occipitomastoid,
one eye has a prism placed vertically before it. the union between the mastoid portion of the
Susotoxin {su-so-tok'-sm) [««, pig; toîkov, temporal bone and the occipital bone. S.,
poison], C^H.^gN^. A ptomain found in Occipitoparietal. 'S>&<t S., Laiiibdoid. S.,
cultures of the bacillus of hog-cholera. Palatine, the union between the palate
Suspension [szis-pen^-s/iitn) \sub, under ;
bones. S., Parietomastoid, the union be-
pendere, to hang]. Hanging; a mode of tween the mastoid portion of the temporal
treatment of tabes dorsalis and other nervous bone and the parietal bone. S., Petrooc-
diseases, in which the patient hangs by the cipital, the union between the occipital bone
neck, chin, and shoulders. and the petrous portion of the temporal. S.,
Suspensory [sits-peii' -so-re') \siib,
under ; Petrosphenoid, the union between the great
pendere, to hang]. Serving for suspension, wing of the sphenoid bone and the petrous
as, e. g., S. ligament, S. bandage. portion of the temporal. S., Sagittal, the
Sustentaculum {stis-ten-tak'-u-Iuiu) \_siisfen- union between the superior borders of the
tare, to support]. A
support. S. tali, a pro- parietal bones. S., Sphenomalar, the
cess of the OS calcis supporting the astragalus. union between the malar bone and the great
Susurrus [sii-sit' -rus)\y,.'\. soft murmur. A wing of the sphenoid. S., Sphenoparietal,
Sutural {sti' -tn-ral) \_sittura, suture]. Per- the union between the ala magna of the
taining to a suture. sphenoid bone and the parietal bone. S.,
Suture (su' -tur^\jutura from siiere, to sew].
, Sphenotemporal, the union between the
I. A line of joining or closure, as, <?. ^. a , temporal and the sphenoid bone. S.,
cranial S. The following are the most im- Squamoparietal, S., Squamosal, the
portant cranial sutures S., Basilar, : the union between the squamous portion of the
junction between the basilar surface of the temjioral hone and the parietal bone. S.,
occipital bone and the posterior surface of the Squamosphenoid, the union betweeii me
body of the sphenoid. S., Coronal, the great wing of the sphenoid and the scjuamous
43
SUTURE SUTURE
Hare-lip Suture.
Quilted Sutures.
liiterrupVed Suture. Jobert's Suture,

SUTURE SUTURE
Suture of Le Deiitu. Tendon-suture of Le Fort. Tendon-suture. — ( iVolJler,

after Lej'ars.)
Tongue and Groove Suture. Lambert's Suture.
futures for Immecjiate Gastrostomy. Sutures for Immediat>; Gastrostomy.

SUTURE SUTURE
Halstead's Plain Quilt-suture.
Bouisson's Suture
Dupuytren's Suture.
Gely's Suture. Emmert's Method.

SWALLOW'S NEST SYMPATHETIC
portion of the temporal bone. 2. A
stitch or phosphates. S. -gland, one of the small
series of stitches used in closing the lips of glands secreting the sweat, situated in the
a wound. S., Buried, one completely cov- true skin and subcutaneous areolar tissue,
ered by and not involving the skin. S., consisting of a convoluted tube from which
Catgut-, one in which the material em- the excretory duct passes outward through the
ployed is catgut. S., Circular, one that is skin. In its passage through the epidermis
applied to the entire circumference of a the duct is more or less spiral.
divided part, as the intestine. S., Cob- Sweating Sickness. See Miliaria.
blers', one made Ly arming a needle with two Swedish Movements. Certain systematic
threads. S., Continuous, or Glovers', one gymnastic exercises intended to exercise and
in which the thread passes across the wound develop the human body, and affect function
continually in the same direction, and is tied nutrition, etc.
only beginning and end. S., Czerny's,
at tlie Sweet. Having a taste like that of sugar o.
for intestinal wounds, one in which the needle honey. S. -bread, the thymus gland.
is
passed from the serous surface through the Swine-fever. Hog- cholera.
wound, down to, but not including, the mucous Swine-plague. An infectious disease of
membrane, and through the wound on the op- swine, due to the bacillus of swine-plague.
posite side, and out on the serous surface. S., Swoon. Syncope.
Czerny-Lembert, the application of Lembert Sycosiform (si-ko' -se-forvi) \_sycosis ; forma,
sutures after the Czerny sutures are in place. form]. Resembling sycosis.
S., Dry, one carried through adhesive plaster Sycosis {si-ko' -sis) \ovkw, a fig]. An in-
strips applied to the lips of the wound. S., flammatory disease affecting the hair-follicles,
Hare-lip, or S., Twisted, one in which the particularly of the beard, and characterized
edges of the wound are transfixed with pins by papules, pustules, and tubercles, perfor-
and approximation secured by twisting or ated by hairs, together with infiltration of the
wrapping the ends of the pins with thread. skin and crusting. S. parasitaria, S.,
S., Interrupted, one of a series of sutures Parasitic, barber's itch, a disease of the
passed through the margins of the wound, hair-follicles, usually affecting the region cov-
and each of which is tied separately. S., ered by the beard, and due to the presence
Lembert's, an intestinal S. for wounds in of the trichophyton fungus.
which the needle is passed transversely to the Sydenham's Chorea. .See Chorea. _
wound through the peritoneal and muscular Syllabic Utterance. Scanning speech.
coats, and out again on one side of the wound, Sylvester's Method. See Artificial Respira-
and then carried across the wound and made tion.
to penetrate the two outer coats as before. S., Sylvian [siF-ve-ati). Described by the ana-
Pin-. See S., Hare-lip. S., Quill-, S., tomist Sylvius (1478-1555). S. Artery, the
Quilled, one in which a doubled thread is middle cerebral artery, lying in the fissure of
passed and tied over quills or pieces of a soft Sylvius. S. Aqueduct. See Aqueduct. S.
catheter. S., Relaxation-, one introduced Fissure. See Fissure.
some distance from the wound-margin, carried Sym- The same as 6)'«-.
(siw-).
through depths, and made to emerge at
its Symbiosis {si»i-l>e-o'-sis)[_ai'V, with; /?/of,life].
some distance on the opposite side, to relieve The intimate association of two different liv-
the tension of the wound-sutures proper. S., ing organisms, dependent on each other.
Shotted, one in which both ends of the S. Symblepharon [siiii-h/cf^-ar-ou) \_avi>,
to-
are passed through a perforated shot, which gether; l3?i£(pafini>, the eyelid]. Adhesion
is then tightly
compressed. S., Subcutic- of the eyelids to the eyeball, known as
ular, a buried, continuous S., in which the Anterior S.,when the edge of the lid is ad-
needle is passed horizontally into the true herent Posterior S., when the adhesion iz
;
skin back and forth until the wound is closed. at the conjunctival fold and Total S., when
;
Swallow's Nest. The nidus hirundinis, a the entire lid is adherent.

deep fossa of the cerebellum between the Syme's Operation. See Operations, Table oj.
commissure of the flocculus and the uvula. Symmelus or Symelus {sim'-el-us) \a'vv, to-
Swallowing. Deglutition. gether ; Hf /or, limb]. A species of monster
Swamp-sassafras. The Magnolia glauca, characterized by imperfect develo]iment of
tlie hark of which isaromatic and diaphoretic. the pelvis and lower extremities, with more
Sweat {s'lvet) [.\S.,.v7c<i/, sweat]. The secre- or less intimate fusion of the latter.
tion of the sudoriferous glands, consisting of Symmetric, Symmetrical [siin-et'-i-ik, sim-
a transparent, colorless, aqueous fluid, holding ^/'-;77--rt/)[CT)''r, together ; ijirpov, ameasure].
in solution neutral fats, volatile fatty acids, Pertaining to or exhibiting symmetry. S.
cholesterin, traces of albumin and urea, free Gangrene. See Sphacelodernui.
lactic acid, sodium lactate, sodium chlorid, Sympathetic [siin-path-et'-ik') [rr/r,
with ;
potassium chlorid, and traces of alkaline 7rdx!rof, suffering], i. Pertaining to or pro-

SYMPATHIC SYNDACTYLIA
duced by sympathy. 2. Conveying sym- Synsesthesia [sin-es-the' -ze-aJi) . See Synes-
the S. Sys- thesia.
pathy or S. impulses, as, e.g.,
tem, a system of ganglia (S. ganglia) Synalgia [sin-aV -je-aK)\c'vv, together;aXyoq,
forming a chain from the cranium to tlie end pain]. Pain felt in a distant part from an
of the spinal column, connected together by injury or stimulation of another part.
nerve-fibers, and supplying the viscera and Synanthema [sin-an'-tkem-a/i) \_(nn'av6Eiv ,
blood-vessels. At intervals the S. nerves and to blossom together]. A group of efflores-
ganglia form plexuses (S. plexuses).

See cences on the skin.
Plexus, and Ganglia, Table of S. Irritation, .
Synaptase (sin-ap'-taz). See Ennilsin.

irritation of an organ arising from irritation of Synarthrodia {sin ai--thro'-de-ah). See Syn-
another related organ, as, e. g., S. irritation arthrosis.
of one eye from irritation of the other. S. Synarthrodia! {sin-ar-thro'-de-al) \_a'vv, to-
Ophthalmia, inflammation of one eye arising gether apHpov, a joint]

;
Pertaining to or
.
subsequent to inflammation of the other eye. of the nature of a synarthrosis.

Sympathic {^sint-paih'-ik). êe Sytiipatkelic. Synarthrosis {sin-ar-thro' -sis) \avv, together ;
Sympathy (siiii'-path-e) [ffrj-, together; izaO- a/;^poi', joint]. A

form of articulation in
of, suffering]. The mutual relation between which the bones are immovably bound to-
parts more or less distant, whereby a change gether without any intervening synovial
in the one has an effect upon the other. cavity. The forms are Sntiira, in which
Symphyseal {sim-fiz'- e-al) \j:yinphysis\. processes are interlocked ; Schindylesis, in
Pertaining to a symphysis. which a thin plate of one bone is inserted
Symphysiotomy [siiii-fiz-e-o/^-o-vie) \_avii-
into a cleft of another and Goinphosis, in
;
ipvaic, symphysis;
rou//, a cutting]. The which a conic process is held by a socket.
operation of dividing the symphysis pubis, for Syncephalus {siii-sef -al-us) \ovv, together ;
the purpose of increasing the diameters of head].

K£(pa?j}, A monster with two heads
the pelvic canal and facilitating labor. fused into one.
Symphysis [s!u/^-fz-ts)\_avi>, together; <j>i>£iv, Synchondrosis {sin-kon-dro'-sis) [a'vv,
to-
to grow]. The line of junction of two gether; ;);oi'rfpoj-, a cartilage]. A joint in
bones, as, e.
g. ,
S. pubis. which the surfaces are connected by a
Symplocarpus fcetidus {si»i-plo-kar'-pus fet'- growth of cartilage.
id-us). Dracontium fa;tidum, or skunk-cab- Synchondrotomy {sin-kon-drot'-o-me) [aiw,
bage, the rhizome of which is stimulant, together ;[di(5/70f, cartilage TSfiveiv, to cut].
; ;
antispasmodic, and narcotic, and has been A division of the cartilage uniting bones,
used in asthma, chronic rheumatism, chorea, especially of that of the symphysis pubis.
hysteria, etc. Dose gr. x-xx (0.65-1.3). Synchronous {nn'-kro-inis) \_n'vv, together;
Symptom together; Trrufia,
(«'w//i''-/t?w)[(7ri', ;i7i(irof, time]. Occurring at the same time.
a falling]. The change in a patient occur- Synchysis scintillans {sin'-kis-is sin'-til-
ring during disease and serving to point out its lanz) [(T/};\-i'(T/(;,
a mixing together]. The
nature and location. See Signs and Svmp- presence of bright, shining particles in the
toins. Table of. S., Constitutional, S., vitreous humor of the eye.
General, one produced by the effect of Synclonus {sin'-lclo-mcs) [ffi'i', with /cPdi'Of, ;
the disease on the whole body. S., Local, clonus]. I. Clonic movements occurring
one produced by localization of the disease simultaneously in several muscles. 2. A
in a special part. S., Objective, one ob- disease thus characterized, as, e. g. chorea. ,
served by the physician. S., Subjective, Syncopal {sin' -hopa I )[n'vv, together; kottteiv,
one observed only by the patient. to strike or cut]. Pertaining to or character-
Symptomatic {su>ip-to?n-at'-lk) [.rrw/A'w]. ized by syncope.
I.
Pertaining to or of the nature of a Syncope {sin'-ko-pe) \p'vv, together; kotvtziv,
symptom. 2. Affecting symptoms, as, ^. ,J,^, to strikeor cut]. Swooning or fainting,
S. treatment. S. Anthrax. See Black-les:. a partial or complete temporary suspension
Symptomatology {simp
-
torn at oT- -je)
- -
of the functions of respiration and circulation
\_symptoiii ; /d)'Of, treatise] . The
science of from cerebral anemia.
symptoms the symptoms
; of disease taken Syncytial together Kvroq,
(,s/;/-.r//'-<'-(?/)[(Th', ;
together as a whole. a hollow]. Pertaining to a syncytium.

Sympus {sim-pHs)\_avv, together; novq, foot]. Syncytium {sin-sif -e-um) {o'vv, together ;
A monster in which there is a coalescence kI'toc;, a cell]. A mass of protoplasm with

of the lovver limbs. numerous nuclei.
Syn- [sin-) [(Trr]. A prefix signifying with Syndactylia, Syndactylism, Syndactyly
or together.
{sin-dak-til' -e-ah , sin-dak' -til-izm, sin-dak'
-
Synadelphus { sin-ad-el' -fits) [ffi'i',

with ;
[(Tt'i', together;
til-e) Jd/c-v/.of, finger]. Ad-
af)El^6^, brother]. A monster having eight hesion between fingers or toes webbed fin- ;
limbs with but one head and trunk. webbed toes.

gers,
SYNDECTOMY SYPHILIS
Syndectomy (^/«-(/£.'-^^-A;-;«d') [oh', together; Synkinesis [sin-kin-e'-sis) [a'vv, togethei ;
dieiv, tobind; ekto/i/'/,

a cutting out]. See KivTjcsL^, movement]. Involuntary movement
Peritomy. taking place in one part of the body syn-
Syndesmitis {^sin-dez-nii' -tis) [avvêafioq, a chronously with or in consequence of a vol-
ligament; ;r/(,', inflammation]. I. Inflam- untary or rellex movement in another part.
mation of a ligament. 2. Conjunctivitis. Synneurosis [.••in-iiu-ro'-sis). See Syndes-
Syndesmography {sin-dez-ntog' -ra-fe) \pm'- mosis.
ligament; ypaipmv, to write].
ikafioc;,
The Synocha [sin'-o-kali). See Synoc/ius.
branch of anatomy treating of ligaments. Synochus (sin'-o-h/s) [cvv, together; ixeiv,
Syndesmology ijindez-niol'-o-je) \_a'vv6eafio^, to hold on]. Any continued fever.
ligament; 7i6)oq, treatise], êe S}'i:i/ew/w- Synophthalmus [sin-off thai' -nius). See
graphy. Cytlops.
Syndesmosis [sin-dcz-mo'-sis) \_nrv()EaiioQ, Synorchism [sin-or'-kizui) \r>'vv, together ;
ligament]. A
form of articulation in which o/'A't',
testicle]. Partial or complete fusion
the bones are connected by ligaments. of the two testicles.
Syndesmotomy (sin-dez-mot' -o-ine) [niwêa- Synostosis [sin-os-to'-sis) \p'<:v, together;
jioQ, ligament Ttfivecv, to cut].
;
I. Dissec- oarior, bone]. A union of normally separate
tion of the ligaments. 2. The
division of a bones by osseous material.
ligament. Synotus (sin-o'-Zus) [dt'i', together ; oif, eai].
Syndrome together Jpo//-
(siii'-drdi)i) {_a'vv, ;
A monster characterized by fused ears.
of, a running]. The aggregate symptoms Synovia {sin-o'-ve-ali) \pvv, with cJoi-, an ;
of a disease a complex of symptoms. S. of

;
egg]. Tlie clear, alkaline, lubricating fluid
Weber, paralysis of the oculomotor nerve of secreted within synovial membranes.
one side and of the extremities, the face, and Synovial (sin-o'-ve-al) \_synovialis,{xo'C\\\ ai>v,
the hypoglossal nerve of the other side. It together; ojoi;, egg]. Pertaining to the syno-
is usually due to a lesion limited to the inferior via. S. Membrane. See Membrane.
and inner part of one cerebral peduncle. Synovitis [sin-o-vi' -lis') \_synovia ; ltic,, in-
Synechia {sin-e-ki'-ah ox si-nc'-ke-ah) \p'vv, flammation]. Inflammation of a synovial

together; ivif/r, to hold]. morbid union A membrane.
of parts especially, adhesion of the iris to a
; Synthesis [sin'-thes-is) [nvv, with; TLdijvm,
neighboring jjart of the eye, termed Anterior to place]. In chemistry, the artificial for-
S., when the adhesion is to the cornea ;
mation of a compound by combining its con-
Posterior S., when to the lens; and Total stituents.

S., when the entire iris is adherent. Synthetic [rrri^, -with
(.f///-/// ('/''-?/) T/Oi/rai, ;
Synechotomy (siii-ek-ot'-o nic) \jymchia ;

to ])lace]. Pertaining to or produced by
Tkjiveiv, to cut]. The division of a synechia. synthesis.
Synergic {sin-nr'-jik) [ti'I', together ; ipyov, Syntonin {sin' -to nin) [ff/'j'roi'of, contracted].
work]. Pertaining to synergy. An acid-albumin obtained by the action of
Synergist together qr/ov.
[sin'-iir-Jist) \ovv, ;
dilute hydrochloric acid upon the myosin of
Work]. An
agent cooperating with another. muscle.
Synergy [sin'-tir-je) [ffw, together; ipyov, Syphilide {sif'-il-id) [syphilis\ Any
work]. The cooperative action of two or disease of the skin due to syphilis. Syphilides
more agents (synergists) or organs. may be erythematous, macular, acneiform,
Synesthesia [sin-es-tke^-ze-ah) [o'vv, with; lenticular, squamous, vesicular, pustular,
ala6t]r;iQ, sensation]. A sensation felt in one bullous, tubercular, rupial, etc. S., Second-
part of the body as the result of an irritation ary, any S. occurring during the secondary
of a distant organ or part. stage of syphilis. S., Tertiary, any S. oc-
Syngenesis [sinjeii'-c's-is) \oi>\', together; curring during the tertiary stage of syphilis.
yevEGiq, generation]. I. The theory that Syphilis [sif'-il-is) [origin obscure]. A
the embryo is the product of the union chronic infectious disease, characterized by
of the male and female elements also the ;
a variety of structural lesions of which the
theory that the embryo contains within itself chancre, the mucous patch, and the gumma
the germs of all future generations developed are the most distinctive. A bacillus has
from it. 2. Reproduction by union of male been found in the lesions by Lustgarten and
and female elements. others, but whether it is the real cause or not
Syngignoscism [sin-jig' -no-sizm) [ni>v, to- has not been definitely determined. The
gether; yiyvijaeiv, to know]. Hypnotism, disease is generally acquired in sexual con-
so termed from the agreeing of one mind gress, hence its earliest manifestations appear
with another. upon the genital organs, but any abraded
Synizesis (sin-iz-e'-sis) [ffw, together ~iêii>, ; surface of the body, if brought in contact
to sit]. Closure. S. pupillse, closure of with the syjihilitic poison, niav give entrance
the pupil. to the infection. Tlie earliest lesion of ac-
SYPHILIS SYRINGOMYELOCELE
is tlie chancre, initial sclero- dental contact with syphilitic persons. S.
quired syphilis
sis, or primary which appears after a
sore, technica, S. acquired in
following one's
period of incubation varying
from two to occupation, as by pihysicians, midwives,
three weeks. It is usually a reddish-brown nurses. S., Venereal, S. acquired in illegit-
papule with an ulcerated central spot,
and imate sexual intercourse. S., Visceral, S.
has a slight serous or purulent discharge. —
of the viscera the lesions are either inflam-
Taken between the fingers, it is found to hiatory or gummatous.
liave a peculiar cartilaginous hardness. Mi- Syphilitic {sif-il-it' -ic) \syphilis\ Pertaining
croscopically it consists of an accumulation
to or afiegted with syphilis.
of round cells, epithelioid cells, with, perhaps, Syphilization [sif-il-i-za'-shmi) \_syphilis'\.
a giant cell here and there. The blood- I. Inoculation with syphilis, especially in-
vessels present a hyperplasia of the intima, to oculation for the purpose of
conferring im-
which in part the induration of the chancre munity to future attacks. 2. The state pro-
is due. Very soon after the appearance of duced by inoculation with syphilis.
the chancre the nearest lymphatic glands Syphiloderm [sif -il-o-derm)\_sypkilis ; Sip/ia,
become enlarged and indurated- the iudolent — skin]. See Syphilide.
buboes of syphilis. The mucous patch, con- Syphilographer {sif-il-og'-ra-fei-') {^syphilis;
dyloma latum, moist papule, ox mucous tuber- ypaiêtv, to write]. One who writes on
cle is located upon mucous membranes, at syphilis.
mucocutaneous junctions, or where two skin- Syphilography {sif-il-og'-ra-fe) {syphilis ;
surfaces are in habitual contact, and is a flat, )pa(p£iv, to write]. A
treatise on syphilis.
scarcely elevated patch, generally covered by a Syphiloid {sif'-il-oid) {syphilis ; elJof, like].
whitish pellicle. The i;/rmma or gummy tumor I.
Resembling syphilis. 2. A disease resem-
is a rounded nodule, varying in size from bling syphilis.
the dimensions of a pea to those of a small Syphiloma {sif-il-o'-mah) {syphilis; Ofja,
apple. Its favorite seats are the periosteum tumor]. A syphilitic gumma.
of flat bones, the membranes of the brain, Syphilophobia {sif-ilo-fo'-be-ah) {syphilis,
the liver, spleen, and testicle. It is usually syphilis; I. A condition in
dread].
(po.ôc,
soft and contains in its interior a gelatinous which the patient imagines himself to be in-
"gummy" material. Another important fected with syphilis. 2. A morbid dread of
though not distinctive lesion produced by syphilitic infection.

syphilis a diffuse sclerosis of the blood-
is Syriac Ulcer. Synonym of Diphtheria.
vessels, especially of the parenchymatous Syringe {sir'-inj) {orpty^, a ]iipe]. An ap-
organs. The clinical course of syphilis is paratus for injecting a liquid into a cavity.
generally divided into three stages the :
Syringitis {sir-in-ji^-tis) {avpt}^, tube itic, ;
primary (Primary S.), characterized by the inflammation]. Inflammation of the Eusta-

presence of the chancre and the indolent chian tulje.
bubo; the secondary (Secondary S.), by Syringomyelia {sir-ing-go-nii-e' -le-ah) {cvp-
the mucous patch, cutaneous eruptions, sore ly^, tube; fivelog, marrow]. A condition
throat, and general enlargement of the characterized by the presence of cavities in
lymphatic glands the tertiary (Tertiary
; the substance of the spinal cord. It is be-
S.), by the gumma and by severe skin-lesions. lieved to be the result of faulty development
Between the appearance of the chancre and either aft'ecting the central canal, so that the
the secondary manifestations a period of six latter remains in an embryonal condition,
weeks usually elapses. The tertiary phe- and sends a diverticulum into the posterior
nomena follow the secondary after a stage of portion of the cord, which may become con-
quiescence of variable length. S. also bears stricted oft, or groups of embryonal neuroglia-
an important, but as yet obscure, relation to cells remain in the neighborhood of the cen-
certain diseases of the nervous system, such tralcanal or in the posterior portion of the
as locomotor ataxy and paretic dementia. spinal cord, and in later life take on active
S. can be transmitted from parent to
offspring development and form a gliomatous tumor.
(Hereditary S., Congenital S.). S., Ex- The degeneration of the latter then gives rise
tragenital, S. in which the first lesion is to cavities in the cord. S. occurs usually
situated elsewhere than on the genital organs. between the ages of 20 and 30, and is
S. insontium, S. of the innocent, i.e., S. characterized by progressive atrophy of the
acquired in an innocent manner, or non- muscles, especially of the upper extremity,
venereal S. S., Marital, S. acquired in by loss of the pain-sense and temperature-
lawful wedlock. S., Nonvenereal. Syno- sense, with preservation of the tactile and
nym of S. insontium. S. ceconomica, a muscular sense (the so-called " dissociation-
form of syphilis insontium, in which the symptom "), and by vasomotor and trophic
disease is
acquired through eating and changes in the skin, joints, etc.
drinking or household utensils, or by inci- Syringomyelocele [sir
- -
ing go-mi' -el-o-sel)
SYRINGOTOME TACHE
\_(Ti>/>t}'^,
tube ; fivtAoc, marrow ; Koi?.ia, body]. A double monster joined by the
cavity]. A
form of spina bifida in which the trunks.
protruding mass consists of membranes and System {sis'- teiii) [avaTz/ua, from air, to-
nerve-substance, and the cavity of which gether; lardvai, to stand]. I. A methodic
I
communicates witli the central canal of the arrangement. 2. A
combination of parts
into a whole, as the dige.stive S. the nerv-
'
spinal cord. ,
Syringotome {sir-ing' -go-tdi)i^ \_avpiy^, tube; ous S. 3. The body as a whole. S. -dis-
Ttuv(Lv, to cut]. An instrument for incising ease, S. -lesion, a disease of the cerebro-
a fistula. spinal axis affecting a tract of nerve-fibers or
Sj'ringotomy -
{sir ing- got'-o-me) \avpi')S,, nerve-cells having common anatomic rela-
tube; a cutting].
to;///, The operation of tions and physiologic properties.
cutting a fistula, especially a fistula in ano. Systematic {sis-teni-ai' -ik) \_systeni\. Per-
iSyrup [sir^-u/>) \_syropns, syrup]. I. con- A taining to or affecting a system.
centrated solution of sugar in water (Syrupus, Systemic {sis-teni' -ik) \jyslcni'\. i. Of or
U. S. P., B. P.). 2. A preparation com- pertaining to a system. 2. Pertaining to the
posed of a solution of a medicinal substance whole organism.
in syrup. Systole {sis'-to-le) [aiw, together; ork'k'kzLv,
Syrupy {sir' -iip-e) \siropus, syrup]. Resem- to place]. The contraction of the heart.
bling a syruy>. Systolic («V-^(7/^-//') \^systole^. Pertaining to
Syssarcosis {sis-ar-ko'-sis) {nin>, together ;
the systole ; occurring during systole.
aiip^, flesh]. The union of bone by the in- Syzygium {siz-ij'-e-nm) âv'^vyiaqy yoked].
terposition of muscular tissue. A genus of East Indian trees. S. jambo-
Syssomus {sis-so'-;iius) [pvv, together ; aujia. lanum is used in diabetes.
T. I. An abbreviation for tension. 2. An with progressive wasting. T., Spasmodic,

abbreviation for temperature. lateral sclerosis of the spinal cord.
Tabacosis {tah-ak-o' -sis') [ A? /'rt^v^w, tobacco]. Tabetic {tab-et'-ik). See Tabic.
A state of poisoning produced by the exces- Tabic (/'</i3''-//l') [/a^^jr, wasting],
i. Affected
sive use of tobacco. with tabes; of or pertaining to tabes. 2.
Tabacum {tab-ak'-um). See Tobacco. Pertaining to or affected with tabes dorsalis.
Tabatiere anatomique {tahb-aht' - e-dr ahu- Tabid {tab'-id). See Tabic, ist definition.
aht-om'-ek) [Fr. anatomic snuff box].
,
The Tablature {tab'-lat-ur) {tabula, a table].
depression at the base of the thumb between Separation into tables, as exemplified in the
the tendons of the extensor primi and exten- frontal, parietal, and occipital bones.
sor secundi internodii poUicis. Table {ta'-bl)^
I.
\Jabu!a\
fiat-topped A
Tabby-cat Striation. Peculiar markings piece of furniture, as, e. g. an operation ,
occurring on muscles that have undergone T., examining T. 2. flat A

plate, espe-
extreme fatty degeneration, especially seen in cially one of bone, as, e.g., a T. of the skull.
the heart-muscle. Tablespoon. A
large spoon, equivalent to
Tabella [L.]. A troche.
(/«-^tV'-,///) about 15 c.c or 4 fluidounces.
,
Tabes {ta'-bez) [L.]. wasting or con- A Tablet {tab'-Iet) {tabula, a table]. loz- A
suniption. T. dorsalis, locomotor ataxy, a enge ;
a troche.
disease dependent upon sclerosis of the pos- Tache {tahsh) [Fr.]. A spot. Taches
terior columns of the spinal cord. The symp- blanches, certain white spots described by
toms are lightning-pains, unsteadiness and Hanot as occurring on the liver, especially
incoordination of voluntary movements, ex- on its convex surface, in infectious diseases.
tending to the upper extrernities disorders ; Microscopically they present a leukocytic
of vision, among others the Argyll Robertson infiltration and T. bleu^tre, a
bacteria.
pupil ; cutaneous anesthesia girdle-sense ; ; sjjot of a delicate blue tint, sometimes ob-
abolition of the patellar retlex diminution ; served on the skin of typhoid fever patients.
of sexual desire disturbance of the spliinc-
; T. cerebrale, T. meningeale, the red line
ters. See Friedreich' s
T., Hereditary. made when the finger-nail is drawn over the
Ataxia. T. mesenterica, tuberculous dis- skin due to vasomotor paresis and occurring
;
ease of the mesenteric glands in children, especially in meningeal irritation.

TACHYCARDIA TANSY
Tachycardia {iak
-
e- kar'- de -
ah) \jaxH, Tallow [O. Dutch, talgJi, tallow].
{ta.'^-o)
Kapdai, heart].
Excessive rapidity The fat extracted from suet, the solid fat of
quick ;
of the heart's action. T., Essential, T. cattle and sheep and other ruminants.
oc(:iirrin<r in paroxysms, and due to iunctional
Talc- [ta'-lo] \taliis, ankle]. A prefix de-
disturbance of the cardiac nerves. noting pertaining to the ankle or to the as-
Tactile (A?/-^-/// ) [/rt(//«, touch]. Pertaining tragalus.
to the sense of touch. T. Cells, cells repre- Talus [ta' -Ins) [L.]. I. The astragalus. 2.
senting special sensory nerve-endings,

found The ankle.
in the deeper layers of the epidermis, or the Tamarind [tavd -ar-ind)\_h.x2i!o. , taiiir, a ripe
adjacent stratum of corium.

T. Corpuscles, date ; Hind, India]. The Tamarindus in-
special sensory nerve-endings exhiliiting

more dica, a tree of the order Leguminosae. Its
T. cells. fruit (Tamarindus, U. S. P., B. P.) is laxa-
complexity of structure tlian the
Tactus {/ak'-tus) \_hu2gere, to touch].
Touch. tive and refrigerant. Dose 3J-5J (4.0-32.0).
T. eruditus, T. expertus, special sensitive- Tamar indien. An aromatic confection of
ness of touch acquired by long experience. senna.
Taedium vitse {te'-de-iunvi'-te) [L.]. Weari- Tambour [tarn' -boor) [Fr. ].
A drum ;
ness of life. a drum-like instrument used in physiologic

Taenia {te' -ne-ah) [L.,
a band]. I. band A experiments, and consisting of a metal
or band-like stnicture. T. fornicis, one of cylinder over which is stretched an elastic
the peduncles of the pineal gland. T. membrane, and from which or to which
hippocampi, the corpus fimbriatum of the passes a tube for transmitting a current of air.
T. semicircularis, a It is connected with another apparatus upon
hippocampus major.
narrow band on the floor of the lateral ven- which changes in pressure in the T. are re-
tricle, between the caudate nucleus and the
corded.
optic thalamus. T. violacea,
a bluish, longi- Tampon [tam'-pon] [Fr.]. i. A plug of
tudinal band, on the floor of the fourth ven- cotton, sponge, or other material, inserted
tricle. 2. See Tapeworm. into the vagina, nose, or other cavity. 2.
Tagetes {ta-je'-tez). A genus of plants of To plug with a tampon.

the order Composite. T. erecta and T. Tamponade (tam-pon nd') [Fr.]. The act
patula, French marigold, African marigold, of plugging with a tampon.
are used as substitutes for calendula. Tanacetum (tan-as-e'-tum). See Tatjsy.
Tagliacotian Operation [tah-le-ah-ko' -she- Tanghinia [tan-gin' -e-ah). The T. vene-
an) [after Tagliaiozzi, an Italian surgeon]. nifera, the ordeal-bean of Madagascar, a car-
See Operations, Table of . diac and respiratory poison. Its active prin-
Tagma [tag' -man) [rayjia, that which has ciple is tanghinin.

been arranged, from raaaeiv, to arrange]. Tangle. See Laminaria.
An aggregate of molecules. Tannate [tan' -at) \tannin\ A salt of tan-
Tail i. The caudal extremity of an nic acid.
{tal).
animal. 2. Anything resemljling a tail. Tannic Acid. See Acid, Tannic.
Tailor's Spasm. An occupation-neurosis Tannigen [tan'-ij-en) \janniit ; ^svruv, to
occurring in tailors, and characterized by produce]. A grayish-yellow powder derived
spasm of the muscles of the arm and head. from tannic acid, and used as an intestinal
Talc, Talcum [talk) [Arab., ta/g, talc], astringent.

4Mg0.5Si0.2. H.^0. A silicate of magnesium, Tannin [tan'-iti). See Acid, Tannic.
a white, greasy powder, used as a dusting Tanret's Test. A test for albumin, consist-
powder. It is also termed steatite or soap- ing in the development of a precipitate when
stone the latter, however, contains also
;
an albuminous solution is brought in contact
aluminum. with the reagent, composed of mercuric chlo-
Talipes [tal'-ip-ez) \_taltcs,
ankle ; pes, foot]. rid, potassium iodid, acetic acid, and distilled
Club-foot, a deformity depending upon con- water.
traction of one or more muscles or tendons Tansy [tan'-ze) [O. Fr., tanasie.
from Low
about the foot, either congenital or acquired. L., tanacetum, from aflavaoia, immortality].
T. calcaneus, T. in which the patient walks The Tanacetum vulgare, a plant of the order
upon the heel alone. T. equinus, T. in Compositce. The leaves and tops (Tanace-
which the heel is elevated and the weight tum, U. S. P.) contain a bitter principle,
thrown upon the anterior portion of the foot. tanacetin, C,,H,gO^, tannic acid, and an es-
T. planus, flat-foot, splay-foot. T. valgus, sential oil (Oleum tanaceti). T. is an aro-
T. in which the foot is everted. T. varus, a matic bitter and irritant narcotic, and has
variety the reverse of the last, in which the been used in malaria, in hysteria, and as an
foot is bent inward. Combinations of these emmenagogue and anthelmintic. In over-
occur, called T. equinovariis, T. equinoval- doses it produces abdominal pain, vomiting,
gus, T. calcaneovarus, T. calcaneovalgus, etc. epileptiform convulsions, and death from
TAP TARSUS
failure of respiration. Dose gr. xxx-^j variety of compounds, among which are
(2.0-4.0) of the oil TTLJ-iv (0.065-0.26).
; pyroligneous acid, toluene, xylene, pseudo-
Tap. I. A sudden slight blow. 2. To empty cumene, cresol, phenol, guaiacol, creosol,
of fluid, as, t'.g-, to tap a hydrocele. paralhn, naphtalene, pyrocatechin, etc. It is
Tapetum [ta-pe'-tuni) [rriTr^c, a mat, or rug], employed in chronic bronchitis and in dis-
I. The layer forming the roof of the po.ste- eases of the urinary tract ; externally in
rior and middle cornua of the lateral ventri- tinea capitis, psoriasis, chronic eczema, and
cles of the brain it is
composed of fibers from
;
other affections of the skin. Preparations :
the corpus callosum. 2. The brilliant, Syrupus picis liquida; (U. S. P.), dose f.^j-
greenish layer of the eyes of nocturnal ani- ij (4.0-8.0) ; Unguentum picis liquidae (U.
mals, which are by it visible in the dark. S. P., B. P.).
It is also known as the tapetum lucidum. Tarantism [tar'-aiidizni'). A
choreic affec-
Tapeworm. One of the Cestoda, a class of tion, ascribed to the bite of a tarantula, and
worms parasitic in man and the lower ani- supposed to be cured i)y dancing.
mals. The adult worm [strobilus') consists Taraxacum {lar-aks'-ak-nm). Dandelion,
of a head (^scolex) and numerous segments tlieT. officinale (T. dens-leonis), a plant of
{ progloltides),
which are capable of leading the order Compositse. Its root (T., U. S. P.,
for some time a separate existence, are her- Taraxaci radix, B. P.) contains two crystal-
maphroditic, and contain numerous ova. If line principles,taraxacin and taraxacerin,
the ova are swallowed by the proper host, and is used in chronic congestion of the liver
they develop into embryos (^proscolices), and spleen. Preparations and doses De- :
which are transformed into the cysticerci, coctum taraxaci (B. P.), f§ ij (64.0) Extrac- ;
containing the scolices. If the meat of ani- tum taraxaci (U. S. P., B. P.), gr. x (0.65);
mals containing living scolices is eaten, the Extractum taraxaci fluidum (U. S. P.), f^j
latter develop into the mature tapeworm, or (4.0); Succus taraxaci (B. P.), fîj-iv (8.0-
strobilus. T., Beef- (Ttenia mediocanel- 16.0).
lata or saginata), also termed the unarmed Tardieu's Spots. Ecchymotic spots found
T. ,
the cysticercus of which occurs in beef. beneath the pleura and the pericardium after
T., Dog- (Taenia echinococcus), also called death from strangling. They have also been
hydatid T. The mature parasite lives in the observed in death from asphyxia due to
intestine of the dog, the scolices occur in the other causes.
internal organs of man and give rise to the Tarsal [fa
r^
-sal) [^rapaoc, instep]. I. Per-
echinococcus or hydatid cysts. T., Fish-, taining to the tarsus of the foot. 2. Pertain-
T., Broad, T., Swîss ( Bothriocephalus ing to the tarsus of the eye.
latus), the cysticercus of which occurs in fish. Tarsalgia (tar-sal' -je-ah) [rapo-oc, tarsus ;
T., Pork- (Taenia solium), also known as a/l)Of, a pain]. Pain, especially one of
the armed T., from the presence of several neuralgic character, in the tarsus.
booklets on the head, is derived from pork Tarsectomy [tar-sek'-to-me) [rnpaoQ, tarsus ;
which contains the cysticerci. Other tape- SKTOfiy, excision]. Excision of tarsal bones.
worms occasionally found in man are Ta;nia : Tarsitis (tar-si' -tis') [ra/icror, tarsus iriq, ;
cucumerina or elliptica, most frequent in the inflammation]. Inflammation of the tarsus.

dog and cat Tcenia nana has been found in
; Tarso- (tar'-so-) [rapirof, tarsus]. A prefix
man in Italy Ti^nia leptocephala, common
;
denoting pertaining to the tarsus
in the mouse, has also been observed in man. Tarsometatarsal (tar so met
- - -
ah - tar'- sal )
Tapinocephalic {tap-in-o-sef-aU -ik) [raTret- [ra/jcrof, tarsus; vietatarsiis\ Relating to
i'(5f, low; iit<pa7iTj, head]. Affected with tap- the tarsus and metatarsus.
(tar so -fa Ian' je al)
- - - -
inoccphaly. Tarsophalangeal
Tapinocephaly [tap-in-o-sef^-al-e) \_rn-Eiv6q, Ijapaoq, tarsus; (paAny^, phalanx]. Per-
low; Kf0aA^, head]. Flatness of the top of taining to the tarsus and phalanges.
the cranium. Tarsoplasty (tar' -so-plas-te) [to/kto^, tarsus ;
Tapioca {tap-e-o'-kaJi) [Sp. ]. variety of A n'/auatLv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the

starch obtained from the cassava or manioc -
eyelid.
plant, Jatropha manihot. It is used as a Tarsorrhaphy (tar-sor'-a-fe) {rapaoq, tar-
food. sus; pao^, suture]. The operation of sewing
Tapotement [tap-dt-inoit{g)) [Fr. ]. In mas- the eyelids together for a part or the whole
sage, the operation of percussing or tapping. of their extent.
Tapping {tap'-iitg). See Paracentesis. Tarsotomy (tar-sot' -0- me) \japcdc, tarsus ;
Tar {tahr) \^t\':^. , teoru, tar]. An empyreu- a cutting]. I. The operation of cutting
TDu'ri,
matic liquid resin obtained by the destructive into the tarsus 2. Tarsectomy.
distillation of the wood of various species of Tarsus (tar'-sus) [raptrdf, tarsus]. I. The
Pinus, of the order Coniferre. Tar (Pix instep, consisting of the os calcis, astragalus,
liquida, U. S. P., B. P.) contains a great cuboid, scaiihoid, internal, middle, and ex-
TARTAR TELOLECITHAL
ternal cuneiform bones. 2. The cartilage of Tectocephaly [tek-to-sef -al-e) \jecttim, a
the eyelid, called the tarsal cartilage, a dense cover; KE(pa7Ji, head]. The state of ha%ing
connective tissue forming the support of the a roof-shaped skull.
lid. Tectorial [iek-to' -re-al) \_tectoriui/i, a cover].
Tartar [tar' -tar) [Low L., tartariuii, from Serving as a roof or covering. T. Mem-
Arab., diird,
dregs], i. A
hard mineral brane. See Membrane 0/ Corti.
deposited on the inside of wine-casks,
and Teel-oil. See Sesame-oil.
consisting mainly of acid potassium tartrate Teething [AS., to^, tooth]. The eruption of
(Cream of T.). T. emetic, antimony and the first teeth in an infant ; dentition.
See Antimony. 2. A Tegmen to A
potassium tartrate. [teg' -men) \Jegere, cover].
hard incrustation on the teeth, consisting of cover. T. tympani, the roof of the tym-
mineral and organic matter. panic cavity.
Tartarated (tar'-tar-a-ted) \_tartar']. Con- Tegmental [teg-men' -tal) \jcgere, to cover].
taining tartar. T. Antimony, tartar eme- Pertaining to the tegmentum. T. Nucleus,
tic. See Antimony . the red nucleus. See K'uclens.
Tartaric Acid. See Acid, Tartaric. Tegmentum [teg
-
men' -
turn) \_tegere, to
Tartarized (tar'-tar-izd). See Tartarated. cover]. A
covering; specifically, the dorsal
Tartarus [tar' -tar-us) [L.]. Tartar. portion of the crus cerebri and pons Varolii.
Tartrate [tar' trat). A salt of tartaric acid. Tegument [teg'-tt-ment) \_tegere, to cover].
Tartrated [tar' -tra-ted). Containing tartar; The integument.
combined with tartaric acid. Teichmann's Crystals. Hemin-crystals.
Tashkend Ulcer [tash-kend'). See Sartian Teichopsia [ti-kop'-se-ah) [jE'ixoq, wall ;
Disease. 6i/7f,vision]. A
temporary amblyopia, with
Taste [fast). I. The
sensation produced by subjective visual images like fortification-
stimulation of special organs in the tongue angles it is
; probably due to vasomotor dis-
(T. -organs) by soluble bodies. 2. The turbances of the visual center.
faculty by which these sensations are appre- Tela [tc'-lah) [L.]. A web or tissue. T.
ciated. T., After-, a secondary T. per- choroidea, the membranous roof of the
ceived after the immediate T. has ceased. third and fourth ventricles of the brain. T.
T.-bud, an oval, flask-shaped body, em- vasculosa, the choroid plexus.
bedded in the epithelium of the tongue, and Telangiectasis [tel-an-je-ek' -ta-sis) [rfPiof,
serving the sense of taste. end; ()};£2o]', vessel EKmniq, a stretching].
;
Tattooing [tat-too' -ing) [Tahitian]. The Dilatation of groups of capillaries or smaller

production of permanent colors in the skin blood-vessels.
by the introduction of foreign substances, Telangiectatic [tel-an-je-ek-taf -ik) [rfPof,
such as carbon, India ink, etc., a common end; oj;£?oi', vessel; EKraaig, a stretching].
practice among sailors. T. of the Cornea, I'ertainingto or characterized by telangiectasis.
a method of liiding leukomatous spots. Telangioma [tel-an-je-o'-mah) [rt/.of, end;
Taurin [tajv'-rin) [tatints, bull], CjH.NSOg. hyynov, vessel 6//rt, tumor].
; A tumor com-
Amidoethylsulphonic acid, a crystalline de- posed of dilated capillaries.
composition-product of bile. Telegony [tel-eg'-on-e) \rk'Ao^, end; /0X7;,
Taurocholic Acid [tazv-ro-kol'-ik). See semen]. The influence of the paternal seed
Acid. upon the offspring of a woman or animal by
Taxis [rdf/f, from raoaeip, to
[taks'-is) a later husland or male.
arrange]. An
arranging; a manipulation, Telegrapher's Cramp. See Occupation-
especially manipulation for the reduction of disease.
hernia.
Telepathy [te-lcp'-atli-e] [r?;/e,- far; iradoq,
T. -bandage. See Bandage. The action, real or supposed, of
disease].
Te. Symbol for Tellurium. one mind upon another when the two persons
Tea [Chinese].
[te) I. The dried leaves of are separated by a considerable distance ;
Thea chinensis,of the order Ternstroemiaceoe, thought-transference.

used for preparing a beverage, also called Telluric [tel-lii'-rik) \teUus, earth]. Derived
tea. 2. Any vegetable infusion used as a from the earth.
beverage. Tellurium [tel-lti'-re-nm] \_telhis, the earth].
Teale's Amputation. See Operations, A nonmetallic element of bluish- white color,
Table of. having a specific gravity of 6.24, a quanti-
Tears. The secretion of the lacrimal gland. valence of two, four, or six, an atomic weight
Tease [tez). To tear a tissue into its com- of 128. Symbol Te.
ponent parts with needles. Telolecithal [tel-o-les'-ith-al) [rfVof, end;
Teaspoon. A small spoon holding about yolk].
'Aiiiii^nq, Of an ovum, having a rela-
4 c c, or one fluidram. tively large mass of food-yolk placed eccen-
Teat [iet). Nipple. trically.
TELOLEMMA TENOTOME
Telolemtna {tcl
-
o- lem'- ah) [rtvlof, end; Tenaculum {ten-ak'-it-lui>i) \_tenere ,\.o\\o\{S.'\.
Titiiiia, husk]. The membrane covering the A hook-shaped instrument for seizing and
eminence of Doyere, or the point of entrance holding parts.
of a motor nerve into a muscular hber. Tendinitis See Tenontitis.
{ten-din-i'-tis):
Temperament [tei>i'-pfr-at)i-ent) \_tfi/ipera- Tendinous {toi'-din-us) {tendon]. Pertain-
nicntiiiii\. A
term applied to mental dispo- ing to or having the nature of tendon.
sition and physical constitution of an individ- Tendo {ten' -do) [L.]. A tendon. T.
ual, as, <?.
.J,-". ,
the bilious, lymphatic, nervous, Achillis, the common tendon of the gas-
and sanguine temperaments. trocnemius and soleus muscles inserted into
Temperature [te//i'-fic'r-a-fur) \_ti'j)ipL-ratitra']. the heel.
The degree of intensity of heat of a body, Tendon \tendere, to stretch]. A band of
especially as measured by a scale termed a dense fibrous tissue forming the termination
thermometer. T., Absolute, that reckoned of a muscle and attaching the latter to a
from the absolute zero of temperature, esti- bone. T., Central, the aponeurosis in the
mated at —
273° C. T., Normal, the tem- center of the diaphragm. T. -reflex, a reflex
perature of the body in a state of heailli, /. e., produced by stimulating the tendon of a
9*^.6° F. T. -sense, tlie sense by which muscle.
ditferences in temperature are appreciated, Tendosynovitis [tendo-si-novi'-tis). See
consisting of a sense for cold [cryt'si/iesia] Tenosynovitis.
and a heat-sense [tht-nnoeslhcsiii). These are Tenesmus (te-nez'-tnus) {teIveiv, to stretch].
represented on the surface by different nerve- A straining, especially the painful straining
endings, the so-called cold and hot points. to empty the bowels or bladder without the
Temple (tein^-pl) \Jempi(s, time]. The por- evacuation of feces or urine.
tion of the head behind the eye and above Tenia [fe'-ne-ah). See Tapeworm.
the ear. Teniacide {te'-rie-as-id) [te;//(?, tapeworm ;
Temporal {tem' po-ral \_fe;ipns, time (tem- ) ccEdere, to kill]. I. Destructive of tape-
ple)]. Pertaining to the temple, as, e. g., worms. 2. An agent that destroys tape-
the T. bone, T. artery. worms.
Temporo- (te7)i' -po-ro-) \tetiipus, time]. A Teniafuge [te' -ne-af-uj) \t(znia, tapeworm;
prefi.x denoting pertaining to the temple. y/<'_i'-rr;r,
to drive]. I.
Expelling tapeworms.
Temporoauricular [le/n-po-ro-aw-rik^-u-hrr) 2. An agent that expels tapeworms.
time; aiirictdai-'\.
[^/c'i?ipiis, Pertaining to Tennis-arm, T. -elbow. A strain of the el-
the temporal and auricular regions of the bow, said to be frequent in tennis-players.
head. Teno- (ten'-o-) {jkviov, tendon]. A prefix
Temporooccipital {tein- por-o-ok-sip'- it
-
al) meaning pertaining to a tendon.
\Je)iipHs,time; occiput, occ\y>vX\. Pertaining Tenon, Capsule of. A fibroelastic mem-
to the temple and the occiput. brane suiTounding the eyeball. It is covered
Temporofacial (tent-po-ro-fa' -shal) [tempzis, by a continuous layer of endothelial plates,
time; fades, face]. Pertaining to the tem- and corresponds to a synovial sac.
ple and the face. Tenonitis [ten-oii-i'-tis) {Tenon, an anatom-
Temporomalar i^tem-po-ro-Dia' -lar) \_tempus, ist; triq, inflammation]. Inflammation of
time; ;««/(?, cheek]. Pertaining to the tem- Tenon's capsule.
poral and malar bones. Tenontitis (ten-on-ti'-tis) {rkvuv, tendon ;
Temporomastoid [tent
-
po
- ro -
mas' - toid ) iTtg, inflammation]. Inflammation of a
[/t'w/w.f, time )?iastoid'\. Pertaining to the
; tendon.
temporal and mastoid regions of the skull. Tenontography {ten-on-tog'-ra-fe) [rfi'wi',
Temporomaxillary (teni-po-ro-maks-il'-a-re) tendon ; ypiKpiiv, to write]. The descriptive
\_'einpics, time; w^jtz'/A?, maxilla]. Pertain- anatomy of the tendons.
ing to the temporal region and the upper jaw. Tenontology [ten-ou-toJ'-o- je) {rhuv, ten-
Temporoparietal [fetn- po- ro -par - i' - et-ai) don; '/iriOq, treatise]. See Tenontography.
i\m&; Tenorrhaphy [ten-or'-a-fe) [ret'wv, tendon
I.
\_/cnipus, pai-ies,\\a\\']. Pertaining ;
the temporal and parietal bones. 2. Per- The uniting of a divided

suture].
pacpi/,
taining to the temporal and parietal lobes of tendon by sutures.
the brain. Tenosuture {ten-o-sii'-tur). Same as Ten-
Temporosphenoidal {teni-po-ro-sfe-noid' -al) orrhaphy.
[fenipits, time; sphenoid']. Pertaining to, or Tenosynovitis {ten-.o-sin-o-vi' -tis ) [rfi'wv,
in relation with, the
temporal and sphenoid tendon ; synovia, synovia ; iTiq, inflamma-
bones. tion]. Inflammation of a tendon and of its
Tenacious [te -na' - shi/s) [tenax, tough]. sheath.
Tough; cohesive. Tenotome

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38,000 terms, definitions, and tables.

By GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D.

Large Square Octavo, Uniform with "77/<? Illustrated.'' Leather or Half

SPECIAL. The ''Illustrated" and ''Dictionary of New Medical,

P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO., Philadelphia

GOULD'S STUDENT'S MEDICAL

w/requirements of any ordinary practitioner. Of course, the bespectacled, polysyllabic, home-from-

^^calculation in practical therapeutics. In addition to the dictionary proper we have elaborate

to-day. —Journal of American Medical Association.

" The work of Dr. Gould claims to be

BASED ON RECENT MEDICAL LITERATURE

GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D.

WITH ELABORATE TABLES OF THE BACILLL MICROCOCCL LEUCOMAINS, PTOMAINS

AND A NEW TABLE OF EPONYMIC TERMS AND TESTS

ELEVENTH EDITION, ENLARGED

Copyrighted, 1900, by P. Blakiston's Son & Co.

WM. F. FELL & CO.,

This edition has been enlarged by over a hundred pages. It contains a

large number of illustrations,

student and the practising physician.

The Illustrated Medical Dictionary issued in 1894 (the fifth edition

large tables or groupings of systematized medical facts, such as those of

Stains, Parasites, Pigments, Tests, etc., of too special character to be fitting

This, the Student's Medical Dictionary, is especially adapted to the

as an introduction to, "The Illustrated," or for a brief suggestion of a more

usual text-books, compends, lectures, tables of anatomic facts, etc., of those

engaged in the study of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy, or in the early

what has seemed as the most commendable method of pronouncing each

both publisher and printer has in this respect resulted in success.

I am unable to express my gratitude to Dr. David Riesman, who has

unreservedly devoted to the work a scholarship and a painstaking conscien-

my indebtedness to Dr. Clarence W. Lincoln and Dr. Emma Billstein for

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN GENERAL MEDICINE.

Avoirdupois. C. V. . . . Cras vespere

Balsamum . . , Balsam. Decub. . . Decubitus . .

Bolus A large pill. Dieb.alt. . Diebus alterius

c.c. , Cubic centimeter. tricity.

Liquor. S Semis Half; Sulphur.

Magnesium Milli- Sing. . .

Os. . . , , Osmium. Drachma . Dram.

ABBR-EVIATIONS USED IN OPHTHALMOLOGY.

O. S Oculus sinister^Left Eye. , ,

p. r Punctum remotum Far Point. — O° Combined with.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OTOLOGY.

c Contact. Pol Politzer's.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS.

Various Degrees of Contraction.

De. R. Reaction of Degeneration.

E. M. D Electromotive Difference of Poten-

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY.

VALUES OF LETTERS USED IN PRONUNCIATION.

boot. Consonants ch. : ch in cherry ; g =: ^ in get ; j =y

Abdominal Course and Relations of the Abdom-

Alimentary: Scheme of the Digestive Tract. Ligaments.

Elbow-joint. Tongue, and Soft Palate.

Iris and Choroid Ciliary Muscle Vertical Sec- ; ; joint.

of Lung and Heart. Superior or Cen^ical Segment of; Middle or

Operation for Inguinal. Tongue: ISIusclesof; I'nder Surface of.

Kidney Longitudinal Section of

vial Membranes of; Lower End of Radius and

Ligaments of. Ulna.

.-Ibartiiiilalion. bar, umbilical, and left lumbar; and below,