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Assn 4
Assn 4
2. The density of ice is 917 kg/m3 . Its latent heat of fusion is Lf = 3.33 × 105 J/(kg).
a) Use the Clausius-Clapeyron relation to explain why in a P-T diagram for H2 O the
slope of the phase boundary between ice and water is negative.
b) How much pressure would you have to put on a 30 cm3 ice cube to make it melt at
−1◦ C. (Give your answer in bars.)
c) Approximately how deep under a glacier would you have to be before the weight of ice
above gives the pressure you found in part (b)? (Give your answer in km, accurate to
two digits.) (This mechanism provides lubrication which accelerates the advance of a
thick glacier flowing down valleys.)
4. A parcel of moist air at the ground (where p = p0 = 1 bar) is at its dew point temperature of
5◦ C. The parcel is carried upward cooling until it loses all of its contained water. Thereafter
it descends adiabatically back to the ground. What is the temperature of this dry parcel
of air (in ◦ C)?
5. Consider the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen through the reaction
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
at 298 K and 1 bar pressure. The enthalpy, H, and entropy, S, of one mole of the con-
stituents are
Substance H [kJ] S [J/K]
N2 0 191.61
H2 0 130.68
NH3 -46.11 192.45
a) Compute the Gibbs free energy required to make one mole of ammonia through this
reaction.
b) Compute the change in internal energy of the system during the creation of one mole
of ammonia.