Introduction to Arithmetic

I) Ratio as comparison

7a − 2b
1) If a : b = 3 : 5, find the value of a) b)7a – 2b
2a + 3b

2) If (a+b) : (b+c) : (c+a) = 7 : 5 : 9, and if a+b+c = 35, find the value of 7a -

2b + 6c.

Converting a Ratio into fraction:

A vessel contains Milk and water in the ratio 3:2
Fraction of Milk:

Fraction of water:

Properties of Ratios
A B
1a) If = Find A : B.
3 5

A B C
1b) If = = Find A : B : C
3 5 2

1 1
2a) If A : B = : Find A : B.
3 5

1 1 1
2b)If A : B : C = : : Find A : B : C
3 5 2
 2 3 5
2c) If A : B : C = : : Find A : B : C
9 4 6

3a) If 3A = 5B Find A : B

3b) If 3A = 5B = 2C Find A : B : C

4a) If A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 3 : 4 then find A : B : C. (Scaling Concept)

4b)If A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 4 : 5 then find A : B : C. (Scaling Concept)

4c) If A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 4 : 5 and C : D = 6 : 7 then find A : B : C : D

(Scaling Concept)
5a) If A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 4 : 5 and C : D = 6 : 7 then find A : D
(Compounding Concept)

5b) If A : B = 2 : 5, B : C = 15 : 4, C : D = 8 : 9, D : E = 3 : 16, E:F=

10 : 9, Find A : F (Compounding Concept)
II) Percentages

1)Converting a fraction into percentage:

2)Converting a percentage into fraction:

3)A is what % of B ?

4) A is B % of what value ?

5) What is x% of y?

Exercise
1)What is 12.5% of 76?
2)72 is what percentage of 120?

3)96 is 75% of what value?

4)Which value is greater?

A. 73% of 37
B. 37% of 73
III) Simultaneous Equations:

1) Solve for x and y :x + y = 8 and x - y = 6.

(a) 1,7 (b) 6,2 (c) 7,1 (d) 8,2

2) Solve for x and y :x + 2y = 7 and x - y = 1.

(a) 4,5 (b) 7,3 (c) 3, 2 (d) 6,1

3) If 5x – 3y + 4 = 0 and x + 2y -7 = 0, then what is the value of (x + y)

and (x-y)?
(a) -2, 4 (b) 2,5 (c) 1, 4 (d) 4,-2
Word Problems on Simultaneous Equations

1) One-fourth of a number exceeds one-seventh of the succeeding number by 2.

The number is…..

(a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 16 (d) 18

2) The sum of two numbers is 40 and twice one number is equal to thrice the
other. Find the numbers.

(a) 22,18 (b) 24,16 (c) 20,20 (d) 32,8

3) Raj is 5 years younger than Viraj. After 5 years, the sum of their ages will be 55.
Their present ages, in years, are respectively…..

(a)15, 20 (b) 20,25 (c) 25,30 (d) 25, 20

4) A two digit number is three times the sum of its digits. If 45 is added to the
number, the digits interchange their places. The number is….

(a) 29 (b) 54 (c) 45 (d) 27

IV) Average

1)Find the average of 6, 8, 11, 14, 14

2) Find the average of 176, 178, 181, 184, 184

3) Find the avg. of 739, 752, 761, 768

Concept of weighted average

4) Find the average of 1, 2, 3

5) Find the average of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

6) Find the average of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

In general, Weighted Average =