[MODEL] Research Log #2 - Solutionary Project 2022

Date: Feb. 6, 2022

Name: Christopher Ahmed
Essential Question: How can we control invasive species?

Three Points to Prove: #1: Invasive species cause problems for native ones.
#2: Feral pigs cannot be fully removed from Hawaii.
#3: Invasive species lack predators in Hawaii.

Point that this Source Proves: #1. Invasive species cause problems for native ones.

Excerpts (These should provide insight into the Point to Prove):

Early in the Abstract, Ikagawa explains, “Feral Cattle Bos taurus, Goats Capra hircus, Sheep Ovis aries, and Pigs Sus
scrofa have been modifying Hawaii’s native ecosystems since being introduced more than 200 years ago.”

Ikagawa reported that “Presently, free-roaming Pigs, Goats, Cattle, Sheep (both O. aries and the more recently
introduced Mouflon O. gmelini mouflon) and deer Axis axis, Odocoileus hemionus are described in state reports and
plans as high-threat invasive species, while simultaneously being protected under the law as game mammals.”

Changing this may not be easy: “Lacking are laws that have been passed by other governments to reduce the spread
and impacts of invasive vertebrates.”

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

This publishment explains that invasive ungulates have been changing Hawaii’s ecosystem negatively for over
two centuries. The changes that they make cause many problems for a variety of native species. For example, feral
cattle are grazers which trample the ground and eat grasses. In most parts of the world, this would not be a problem as
most places have native grazing animals. However, since these animals did not evolve in Hawaii, it is rather
detrimental to the health of the ecosystem.
Another problematic ungulate is the axis deer. It is a stunning creature with large antlers and beautiful
coloration, so it is no wonder that hunters here target them. However, they cause similar problems to what
cattle cause as they too are grazers. What’s more, deer tend to form larger herds than cattle and can spread
rapidly in areas with no large predators, such as Hawaii.
As the article states, the source of these problems lies within the fact that there is a lack of laws being passed
to reduce the impact of invasive species. The article even mentions how these animals are protected under
the law as game mammals.

Work Cited (correct MLA format):

Ikagawa, Mary. "Invasive ungulate policy and conservation in Hawaii." Pacific Conservation Biology 19.4 (2013):
270-283.

This is a reputable and reliable article because it was published in the Journal of Pacific Conservation Biology as
recently as 2013.
 Research Log #__ - Solutionary Project 2022
Date:
Name:
Essential Question:

Three Points to Prove: #1:

#2:

#3:

Point that this Source Proves: #

Excerpts (These should provide insight into the Point to Prove)

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Work Cited (correct MLA format):

This is a reputable and reliable article because