PRESTRESSED

CONCRETE STRUCTURES
REINFORCED CONCRETE:

Concrete is strong in compression weak in tension.

Steel in strong in tension

Reinforced concrete uses concrete to resist compression

and to hold bars in position and uses steel to resist tension.

Tensile strength of concrete is neglected (i.e. zero )

R.C beams allows crack under service load.

 PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE
What is Pre-stressed Concrete?:
Internal stresses are induced to counteract
external stresses.
In 1904, Freyssinet attempted to introduce
permanent acting forces in concrete to resist
elastic forces under loads and was named
“Pre stressing”.
 CONCEPT OF PRE-STRESSING:

i . The concept of pre stressing was invented invented years ago when
metal brands were wound around wooden pieces to form barrels.
ii . The metal brands were tighten under tensile stress which creates
compression between the staves allowing them to resist internal
liquid pressure.
 PRINCIPLE OF PRE-STRESSING:
Pre-stressing is a method in which compression force is applied to the reinforced concrete section.

The effect of pre stressing is to reduce the tensile stress in the section to the point till the tensile stress is below
the cracking stress. Thus the concrete does not crack.

It is then possible to treat concrete as a elastic material.

The concrete can be visualized to have two compressive force

i . Internal pre-stressing force.
ii . External forces (d.l , l.l etc )

These two forces must counteract each other.

 EXTERNAL PRESTRESSING

tendons are placed outside the concrete section \

prestressing force is transferred to a structural
member through end anchorages or deviators.

Advantages of external prestressing include

the possibility of monitoring and replacing tendons,
ease in concreting and hence better concrete
quality and the use of narrower webs.

External prestressing is being increasingly used in the

construction of new bridges and is a primary method
for the strengthening and rehabilitation of existing
structures.
PRINCIPLE OF PRE-STRESSING:

Stress in concrete when pre stressing is applied at the c.g of the

section
 PRINCIPLE OF PRE-STRESSING:

Stress in concrete when pre stressing is applied eccentrically with respect to the
c.g of the section .
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE: METHODS

There are two basic methods of applying pre-stress to a concrete member

Pre-tensioning – most often used in factory situations

Post-tensioning – site use

 TYPES OF PRE-STRESSING:

I . Pre-tensioning
In Pre-tension, the tendons are tensioned against some abutments before the concrete
is place. After the concrete hardened, the tension force is released. The tendon tries to
shrink back to the initial length but the concrete resists it through the bond between
them, thus, compression force is induced in concrete. Pretension is usually done with
precast members
Pre-tensioned Members: operation of pre-tensioning through various stages by
animation.

Prestressing bed

Pre-tensioning of a member
 ADVANTAGES OF PRETENSION

Pretension is the easiest controlled of the bonded stressings with

the least chance of error in the bonding process.
Tension caused by the steel is spread throughout the length of the
concrete since it is bonded within the concrete along the length of
the member.
II . POST TENSIONING
In Post tension, the tendons are tensioned after the concrete has hardened.
Commonly, metal or plastic ducts are placed inside the concrete before casting.
After the concrete hardened and had enough strength, the tendon was placed inside
the duct, stressed, and anchored against concrete. Grout may be injected into the
duct later. This can be done either as precast or cast-in-place.
Post-tensioned Members: complete operation of post-tensioning through various
stages by animation
Duct
Anchorage jack

Casting bed

Post-tensioning of a member
POST TENSIONING
 ADVANTAGES:

▪ Take full advantages of high strength concrete and high strength steel
▪ Need less materials
▪ Smaller and lighter structure
▪ No cracks
▪ Use the entire section to resist the load
▪ Better corrosion resistance
▪ Good for water tanks and nuclear plant
▪ Very effective for deflection control
▪ Better shear resistance
 DISADVANTAGES COMPARED TO RC:
Need higher quality materials
More complex technically
More expensive
Harder to re-cycle
APPLICATION:

•Bridges
•Slabs in buildings
•Water Tank
•Concrete Pile
•Thin Shell Structures
•Offshore Platform
•Nuclear Power Plant
•Repair and Rehabilitations
Prestressed Concrete Structures

LIMIT STATE DESIGN

LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE (IS:1343-2012)

23.1 Flexure Page 31

23.2 Compression Page 32
23.3 Tension Page 32
23.4 Shear Page 32
23.5 Torsion Page 34
LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE

Limit state of collapse of the structure or part of the structure

could be assessed from rupture of one or more critical sections
and from buckling due to elastic or plastic instability or
overturning
LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILITY: DEFLECTION
IS 1343-2012 PAGE NO: 35
Deflection of a structure or part thereof shall not adversely
affect the appearance or efficiency of the structure or finishes
or partitions
LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILITY: CRACKING
IS 1343-2012 PAGE NO: 36
Cracking of concrete shall not affect the appearance or durability
of the structure. The criteria of limit state of cracking for three
types of prestressed concrete members shall be as follows:

a) For type 1, no tensile stresses are permitted

b) For type 2, tensile stresses are allowed but no visible cracking is

permissible

c) For type 3, cracking is allowed, but should not affect the

appearance or durability of the structure
LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILITY: MAXIMUM
COMPRESSION

IS 1343-2012 PAGE NO: 36

The compressive stresses both at transfer and under design

loads at service conditions shall be limited to the values
given in Page 37 figures 7 and 8
NOTE — For design of type 3 members, as a guide, the

following may be regarded as reasonable limits. The surface

width of cracks should not, in general, exceed 0.1 mm for

members exposed to a particularly aggressive environment

such as the ‘severe’ category and not exceeding 0.2 mm for all

other members
B

- +

D +

+ -

At Transfer
B

At Transfer
B

- + +

D +

+ - -

When external load is applied

B

At Transfer
At Transfer

When external load is applied, finally

At Transfer

When external load is applied, finally

Check for stresses
Equation no. 5 to8
If it is safe finalise the value Pi
Find the area of high tensile steel
Providing dia of high tensile wire, find no of wires
required
Find the no of Freyssinet cables