What Is Cathode Ray?

Figure 1. J. J. Thomson won Nobel Prize in 1906 for discovering the elementary particle electron. Interestingly, his son G.
P. Thomson also won the Nobel Prize in 1937 for proving the wavelike properties of electron.1
What is cathode ray?
J. J. Thomson constructed a glass tube which was partially evacuated i.e. much of the air was pumped out of the tube.
Then he applied a high electrical voltage between two electrodes at either end of the tube. He detected that a stream of
particle (ray) was coming out from the negatively charged electrode (cathode) to positively charged electrode (anode).
This ray is called cathode ray and the whole construction is called cathode ray tube. The schematic of a cathode ray tube
is given in figure 2.
Properties of cathode ray particle

1.Â they travel in straight lines.
2. They are independent of the material composition of the cathode.
3. Applying electric field in the path of cathode ray deflects the ray towards positively charged plate. Hence cathode ray
consists of negatively charged particles.
Figure 3. Deflection of cathode rays towards positively charged plates

J. J. Thomson measured the charge-by-mass-ratio (e/m) of cathode ray particle using deflection in both electric and
magnetic field.
e/m=−1.76Ã—108 coulomb per gram
The cathode ray particle turned out to be 2000 times lighter than hydrogen.
Although we got e/m ratio for electron from J.J. Thomsonâ ™s Cathode Ray Tube experiment, we still donâ€™t know the
exact charge (e) for electron. American physicist Robert Millikan designed an experiment to measure the absolute value
of the charge of electron which is discussed below.
Millikan Oil Drop Experiment
Figure 4. Robert Millikan discovered charge of electron and won Noble prize in physics in 1923.2

In 1909, American physicist R. Millikan measured the charge of an electron using negatively charged oil droplets. The
measured charge (e) of an electron is Ã−1.60Ã—10−19 Coulombs.
Using the measured charge of electron, we can calculate the mass of electron from e/m ratio given by J. J. Thomsonâ€™s
cathode ray experiment.
Ãem=−1.76Ã—108 Coulomb-per-gram
Ãm=e−1.76Ã—108
Putting Ãe=−1.60Ã—10−19 Coulomb,
Ãm=9.1Ã—10−28 gram.
What we have learned
Electron was discovered by J. J. Thomson in Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) experiment.
Electrons are negatively charged particles with charge-to-mass ratio Ã−1.76Ã—108Â C/gm
The charge of an electron was measured by R. Millikan in Oil drop experiment.
Charge of an electron is Ã−1.60Ã—10−19 C
Mass of an electron is Ã9.1Ã—10−28 gram.
Electron is approximately 2000 times lighter than hydrogen.
Discovery of Proton
Figure 5. Schematic gold foil experiment
In 1909, Rutherford discovered proton in his famous gold foil experiment.

Gold Foil Experiment
In his gold foil experiment, Rutherford bombarded a beam of alpha particles on an ultrathin gold foil and then detected
the scattered alpha particles in zinc sulfide (ZnS) screen.
Results
Most of the particles pass through the foil without any deflection.
Some of the alpha particles deflect at small angle.
Very few even bounce back (1 in 20,000).
Conclusion
Based on his observations, Rutherford proposed the following structural features of an atom:
Most of the atomâ€™s mass and its entire positive charge are confined in a small core, called nucleus. The positively
charged particle is called proton.
Most of the volume of an atom is empty space.
The number of negatively charged electrons dispersed outside the nucleus is same as number of positively charge in the
nucleus. It explains the overall electrical neutrality of an atom.
Discovery of Proton
Figure 5. Schematic gold foil experiment

In 1909, Rutherford discovered proton in his famous gold foil experiment.
Gold Foil Experiment
In his gold foil experiment, Rutherford bombarded a beam of alpha particles on an ultrathin gold foil and then detected
the scattered alpha particles in zinc sulfide (ZnS) screen.
Results
Most of the particles pass through the foil without any deflection.
Some of the alpha particles deflect at small angle.
Very few even bounce back (1 in 20,000).
Conclusion
Based on his observations, Rutherford proposed the following structural features of an atom:
Most of the atomâ€™s mass and its entire positive charge are confined in a small core, called nucleus. The positively
charged particle is called proton.
Most of the volume of an atom is empty space.
The number of negatively charged electrons dispersed outside the nucleus is same as number of positively charge in the
nucleus. It explains the overall electrical neutrality of an atom.
Discovery of Neutron
From the previous discussion, we can see that the gold foil experiment gave a clear picture of the structure of an atom
which consists of protons (nucleus) and same number of electrons outside of the nucleus.
Figure 6. Schematic diagram for the experiment that led to the discovery of neutrons by
Chadwick.Î49Be+24Î±⟶[613C]⟶[612C]+01n
But scientists soon realized that the atomic model offered by Rutherford is not complete. Various experiments showed
that mass of the nucleus is approximately twice than the number of proton. What is the origin of this additional mass?
Rutherford postulated the existence of some neutral particle having mass similar to proton but there was no direct
experimental evidence.
Several theories and experimental observations eventually led the discovery of neutron. We can summarize some of the
scientific observations behind the discovery of neutron.

In 1930, W. Bothe and H. Becker found an electrically neutral radiation when they bombarded beryllium with alpha
particle. They thought it was photons with high energy (gamma rays).
In 1932, IrÃ¨ne and FrÃ©dÃ©ric Joliot-Curie showed that this ray can eject protons when it hits paraffin or H-containing
compounds.
Â The question arose that how mass less photon could eject protons which are 1836 times heavier than electrons. So the
ejected rays in bombardment of beryllium with alpha particles cannot be photon.
In 1932, James Chadwick performed the same experiment as IrÃ¨ne and FrÃ©dÃ©ric Joliot-Curie but he used many
different target of bombardment besides paraffin. By analyzing the energies of different targets after bombardment he
discovered the existence of a new particle which is charge less and has similar mass to proton. This particle is called
neutron. Beryllium undergoes the following reaction when it is bombarded with alpha particle.
ÂÎÂÂÂ49Be+Â24Î±⟶[613C]Â⟶Â[612C]+Â01n
Here the symbol Â ZXA is used where Z = atomic number and X = atomic mass of the element A.Â
Figure 7. Ernest Rutherford (left) was awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his work in radioactivity. James
Chadwick (on the right), a student of Rutherford won Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for discovery of neutron.3

Figure 8. The gold foil experiment was originally conducted by Hans Geiger (left) and Ernest Marsden (right) under the
supervision of Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester.4
What we have learned
Atomic mass = mass of protons + mass of neutron.
For a neutral atom, number of proton=number of
electron.
Particle Symbol Charge Mass Measured masses and charges of the three
elementary particles are given in the following
Electron e– -1.60Ã—10-19 C 9.1Ã—10-31Â kg table.
1.672Ã—10-27 k
+ Â + -19
Proton p (H ) 1.60Ã—10 C g
1.674Ã—10-27 k
0
Neutron n 0.00 C g
Q1) State the main postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory. Explain how the modern atomic theory contradict Dalton’s
atomic theory.
Answer:
Solution :
The main postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory are:
The matter is made up of indivisible particles known as atoms.
The properties of all the atoms of a given element are the same including mass. This can also be stated as all the atoms
of an element have identical mass while the atoms of different elements have different masses.
Atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.
Atoms are neither created nor destroyed. This implies that during chemical reactions, no atoms are created nor
destroyed.
The formation of new products (compounds) results from the rearrangement of existing atoms (reactants).
Atoms of an element are identical in mass, size and many other chemical or physical properties, but atoms of two-
different elements differ in mass, size, and many other chemical or physical properties.
The modern atomic theory contradicts Dalton’s atomic theory:
Atoms are divisible into protons, neutrons, electrons.
Atoms of the same element have different properties, such atoms are isotopes.
Atoms of different elements have the same properties, such atoms are isobars.
Atoms can combine in any ratio and not just whole numbers. Example - Sugar C12H22O11
Atoms can be destroyed and converted into energy.
Merits of Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Even though over the years, different drawbacks and limitations have been observed in Dalton’s atomic theory, the
theory has played a crucial role in the development of the modern atomic theory.
Dalton’s atomic theory is the first study to differentiate between elements and compounds based on their fundamental
differences.
The theory combines and follows the law of definite proportions, the law of conservation of mass, and the law of
multiple proportions.
Dalton’s atomic theory was among the first studies to answer many unanswered questions of the 19th century.
Drawbacks/Limitations of Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Dalton’s atomic theory has different drawbacks and limitations and doesn’t reflect the modern atomic theory
ultimately. The following are some limitations and drawbacks of Dalton’s atomic theory;
The theory states that atoms are fundamental particles that are indivisible, but it has been demonstrated that atoms are
composed of subatomic particles like electrons, the nucleus, and protons.
According to Dalton’s atomic theory, atoms are indestructible, but in modern chemistry, atoms have been destroyed
and created through nuclear fission and fusion.
Dalton stated that atoms of a specific element are identical in mass, but the concept has been proved wrong by the
discovery of isotopes. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different masses.
One of the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory states that atoms of different elements have different masses, but the
atomic mass of two elements has been found to be the same. For example, argon and calcium are different elements
with the same atomic mass (40 AMU).
The formation of non-stoichiometric compounds and heavyweight molecules discards the postulate that atoms combine
in simple whole-number ratios.
Dalton’s atomic theory fails to account for the existence of allotropes of the same element. For example, the theory fails
to differentiate between charcoal, graphite, and diamond.
Grade 7Matter
1. When an unbalanced force acts on an object, the force .
A. changes the motion of the object
B. is cancelled by another force
C. does not change the motion of the object
D. is equal to the weight of the object
2. What do you call the process of vaporization that occurs throughout a liquid?
A. sublimation
B. vaporization
C. plasma
D. boiling
Grade 7Forces and Motion

Matter is pulled to the ground by .
A. space
B. gravity
C. air
D. soil

Speed tells how fast an object travels. Velocity is the speed of the object and .
A. the amount of time the object has been moving
B. the direction the object is moving
C. how far the object has traveled
D. the starting point of the object
E.
Grade 7Heat Transfer
Which of the following best explains the scenario below?
A. On a summer morning, John walks barefoot across his paved driveway with no problem. However, later that
afternoon he steps barefoot onto the same driveway and must quickly run off because the bottoms of his feet
feel like they are burning.
B. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved slower and the thermal
energy increased.
C. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved slower and the thermal
energy decreased.
D. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved faster and the thermal
energy increased.
E. As the temperature increased during the day, the particles in the pavement moved faster and the thermal
energy decreased.
Grade 7Matter
The change from the liquid to the gas state of matter is known as .
A. freezing
B. vaporization
C. melting
D. none of the above
Gravity and friction are two kinds of .
A. inertia
B. forces
C. masses
D. gravity
The transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collision of particles is called .
A. conduction
B. thermal conductor
C. convection
D. specific heat
The force of attraction between any two objects that have mass is .
A. energy
B. force
C. gravity
D. speed
Thermal energy can be transferred by
A. conduction only
B. convection only
C. radiation only
D. conduction, convection, and radiation

A is a material through which thermal energy does not flow easily.
A. thermal energy
B. thermal conductor
C. thermal insulator
D. temperature
Grade 7Matter
The change in state from a liquid to a solid is known as .
A. melting
B. boiling
C. freezing
Grade 7Matter
A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume is a .
A. liquid
B. solid
C. gas
The distance traveled per unit of time is called .
A. force
B. gravity
C. speed
D. energy
Grade 7Simple Machines
Calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of the lever shown, given the following distances:
Distance between B to A is 2 meters
Distance between A to C is 1 meter
A. 0.5
B. 1.0
C. 1.5
D. 2.0

The best definition of force is .
A. a push or pull
B. stored energy
C. energy in motion
D. anything that takes up space
A material through which thermal energy flows easily is called a .
A. thermal contraction
B. temperature
C. thermal conductor
D. convection current
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is .
A. melting point
B. boiling point
C. mixture
Grade 7Magnetism and Electricity
Current moving in a wire exemplifies .
A. mechanical energy
B. thermal energy
C. electrical energy
D. nuclear energy
These two factors determine the strength of the force of friction.
A. speed and light
B. how fast the objects are going and on what planet
C. how big the objects are and how hard you push them
D. how hard the surfaces push together and the types of surfaces involved
The diagram shows a transverse wave.
True
False
The force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other is called .
A. mass
B. friction
C. inertia

The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is .
A. thermal energy
B. heat
C. temperature
D. specific heat
is an increase in a material's volume when its temperature increases.
A. Heat
B. Thermal conductor
C. Thermal expansion
D. Thermal energy
Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by
forces impressed on it is called the .
A. Motion
B. First Law of Motion
C. Third Law of Motion
Grade 7Matter
A state of matter that has a definite volume but has no definite shape is a .
A. liquid
B. solid
C. gas
D. plasma
A pan of water is set on a stove. After the heat is turned on, the temperature of the water begins to and the
thermal energy of the water .
A. decrease, decreases
B. decrease, increases
C. increase, increases
D. increase, decreases
Grade 7Energy and Momentum
The states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
A. Law of Speed
B. Law of Energy
C. Law of Conservation of Energy
D. Law of Universal Gravitation
E.
This is the transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into one another.
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Coriolis effect

Distance traveled per unit time is .
A. force
B. motion
C. speed

Electricity is the movement of .
A. molecules
B. electrons
C. atoms
D. neutrons
rade 7Energy and Momentum
The ability to do work is .
A. force
B. energy
C. speed
D. gravity
Which is a way of stating Newton's Third Law of Motion?
A. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
B. falling bodies always fall at a constant velocity
C. acceleration is the force that moves cars
D. balanced forces do not change an object's motion
Potential energy is energy in motion.
A. True
B. False
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is .
A. boiling point
B. melting point
C. pure substance
If the bar magnet is carefully cut in half into two smaller magnets, each of them will have .
A. only north poles

B. only south poles
C. north and south poles
D. no north or south poles
Grade 7Matter
A has a definite shape and a definite volume.
A. liquid
B. solid
C. gas
D. plasma
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces is called .
A. speed
B. acceleration
C. weight
D. friction
A football player running for a touchdown exemplifies .
B. thermal energy
C. chemical energy
D. radiant energy
An object's resistance to change in motion is .
A. motion
B. inertia
C. friction
D. mas
A push or pull in a certain direction is known as .
A. motion
B. force
C. speed
D. friction
Grade 7Light and Optics
Objects that emit light are .
A. illuminated
B. luminous
C. opaque
D. transparent
Grade 7Waves and Sound
A wave on any surface of water is a(n) .
A. water wave
B. sound wave
C. sound
D. earthquake
Marco and Janice are playing tug of war. Marco is pulling at a force of 10 Newtons South. Janice is pulling with a
force of 12 Newtons North. What is the likely outcome of this tug of war battle?
A. 2 Newtons of force, North, Janice is winning
B. 2 Newtons of force, South, Marco is winning
C. 22 Newtons of force, North, Janice is winning
D. 22 Newtons of force, South, Marco is winning
A. The strength of the force of gravity depends on
B. the masses of the objects and their speeds.
C. the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
D. the weight of the objects and their speeds.
E. the masses of the objects and their weights.
F.
The force of gravity on a person or object at the surface of a planet is called .
A. mass
B. gravity
C. weight
Electricity is the movement of .
A. electrons
B. molecules
C. atoms
D. neutrons
The average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material is known as .
A. heat
B. kinetic energy
C. temperature
D. thermal energy
Tires sliding on pavement when brakes are applied exemplify .
B. thermal energy
C. chemical energy
D. nuclear energy
is a decrease in a material's volume when its temperature decreases.
A. Thermal contraction
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Radiation
A packet or bundle of light energy is called a(n) .
A. proton
B. wave
C. photon
D. electron
Blowing into an almost empty bottle produces .
A. a high pitch sound
B. no sound
C. a low pitch sound
Stored energy is called kinetic energy.
A. True
B. False
John's final velocity was 26 m/s west. His starting velocity was 1 m/s west. It took John 5 seconds to change velocities.
What is John's acceleration?
A. 12 m/s
B. 5 m/s
C. 12 m/s/s west
D. 5 m/s/s west

The distance between E and H is called .
A. a crest
B. a wavelength
C. the amplitude
D. the frequency
is the bouncing off or turning back of light from a surface.
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Retraction
D. Imaging
Grade 7Matter
A has a definite volume but no definite shape.
A. solid
B. liquid
C. gas
D. plasma
The gravitational force between 1 kg of lead and Earth is the gravitational force between 1 kg of
marshmallows and Earth. The lead and the marshmallows are both located on Earth's surface.
A. greater than
B. less than
C. the same as
A longitudinal wave in an elastic medium producing an audible sensation is a(n) .
A. water
B. sound wave
C. hypothesis
D. space
The amount of thermal energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of material by 1ºC is .
A. thermal energy
B. specific heat
C. heat
D. radiation
A mechanical wave can travel only through .
A. space
B. matter
Which has the most thermal energy?
A. 1 cup of cold water
B. 1 gallon of cold water
C. 1 cup of hot water
D. 1 gallon of hot water
What is the other name for heat energy?
A. kinetic energy
B. thermal energy
C. potencial energy
D. electromagnetic energy
The force that pulls objects toward Earth is called .
A. mass
B. gravity
C. inertia
Whispering creates .
A. fast vibrations
B. slow vibrations
C. no vibrations
D. loud vibrations
The speed of an object with a specific direction is known as .
A. velocity
B. gravity
C. friction
D. speed
The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion is called .
A. mass
B. friction
C. inertia
The amount of matter in an object or a measure or the inertia of an object is .
A. light
B. mass
C. heavy
D. solid
Which diagram depicts the waves interacting destructively?
A.
B.

A force that makes objects pull toward each other is known as .
A. friction
B. gravity
C. gear
D. lever
is the height of a wave from the center line to its crest.
A. wavelength
B. amplitude
C. body wave
D. surface wave
The ability to do work is .
A. force
B. energy
C. pulley
A force caused by objects rubbing together that slows moving objects is known as .
A. gravity
B. load
C. friction
D. fulcrum
As you blow in a straw while cutting pieces off, the pitch and vibration get .
A. higher and faster
B. lower and slower
C. higher and slower
D. lower and faster
E. Grade 7Energy and Momentum
A(n) converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
A. molecule
B. atom
C. electricity
D. generator
A wheel with jagged edges like teeth is a(n) .
A. pulley
B. gear
C. wheel and axle
Grade 7Fluid Mechanics
Fluid pressure is always directed .
A. upward
B. downward
C. sideways
D. in all directions
Which statement correctly compares Wave A and Wave B?
A. Wave A has a greater amplitude than Wave B.

B. Wave B has a greater amplitude than Wave A.
C. Wave A has a greater wavelength than Wave B.
D. Wave B has a greater wavelength than Wave A.
These waves move side-to-side, much like snakes.
A. Rayleigh waves
B. primary waves
C. Love waves
D. secondary waves
Why will a helium-filled balloon float in the air?
A. There is more air than helium.
B. Helium is less dense than air.
C. Helium is as dense as air.
D. Helium is more dense than air.
You hold a magnetic compass and observe the needle spin until it points north. The north end of the compass needle
points toward the Earth's .
A. magnetic north pole
B. magnetic south pole
C. geographic north pole
D. geographic south pole
Marco and Janice are playing tug of war. Marco is pulling at a force of 10 Newtons South. Janice is pulling with a
force of 12 Newtons North. What would be the likely outcome of this tug-of-war battle?
A. 2 Newtons of force, North , Janice is winning
B. 2 Newtons of force, South, Marco is winning
C. 22 Newtons of force, North, Janice is winning
D. 22 Newtons of force, South, Marco is winning

When energy changes from one form to another it is called .
A. energy transformation
B. energy shifting
C. electromagnetic transformation
D. Law of Conservation of Energy
The highest point of a wave is called the trough.
1. True
2. False
This is the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy in the particles that make up a material.
1. Thermal Energy
2. Thermal Conductor
3. Temperature
4. Heat
A force is a .
A. push or pull
B. weight
C. momentum
Whose principle states that, when force is applied to a confined fluid, an increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all
parts of the fluid?
A. Bernoulli
B. Boyle
C. Newton
D. Pascal
To accelerate means to .
A. increase speed
B. decrease speed
C. change direction
D. all of the above
A beating heart is an example of which form of energy?
A. potential
B. kinetic
Thermal energy can only be transferred by radiation.
A. True
B. False
How many colors make up white light?
A. 7
B. 3
C. 1
D. 5
A push or a pull is called .
A. wheel and axle
B. fulcrum
C. load
D. force
We use this device to measure current in the unit amps (A).
A. ammeter
B. weight boat
C. scale
D. barometer
Grade 7Matter
Evaporation is the process of water changing from a solid to a liquid.
A. True
B. False
A wave in which matter moves forward and backward in the same direction that waves move:
A. transverse
B. mechanical
C. compressional
D. water
A push or pull is also known as a(n) .
A. action
B. style
C. force
Units that electrical current is measured in .
A. hertz
B. amperes
C. ohms
D. volts
The opposition to a flow of electrical charge is called .
A. voltage
B. amperes
C. work
D. resistance
A wave in which matter moves forward and backward in the same direction that waves move is called a wave.
A. transverse
B. mechanical
C. longitudinal
D. water
In a simple circuit the current measured at any spot, is the not the same measurement in amps as anywhere along the
circuit.
A. True
B. False
If an apple looks green, what color of lights does it reflect?
A. Red
B. Green
C. Blue
If one bulb breaks and the bulbs in the other branches stay lit, you have a .
A. series circuit
B. parallel circuit
The strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on the objects'
A. masses and distance between them.
B. weights and accelerations.
C. masses and gravity.
The band of colors visible in a rainbow is called .
A. prism
B. visible spectrum
C. white light
What is energy?
A. Electrons that move through a wire.
B. A push or a pull.
C. When energy changes from one form to another.
D. The ability to do work.
Resistance in electrical wiring can be affected by what?
Temperature
A. Composition
B. Thickness
C. All of the above
The time required for identical parts of consecutive waves to pass a given point is called .
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Wave Speed
D. Wave Period
From the doppler effect lab, when the car was moving towards us, we heard a high pitch from the horn. Why was that?
A. As the car approached us, the sound got louder causing a higher pitch.
B. As the car approached us, the wavelength increased.
C. As the car approached us, the wavelength decreased.
D. As the car approached us, the frequency decreased.
Grade 7Matter
The three states of matter are solid , liquid and gas .

The force which causes a plane to move forward is called .
A. lift
B. thrust
C. gravity
D. none of these
The matter that a wave moves through is called the medium .

The force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface is .
A. pressure
B. gravity
C. inertia
What is the formula for calculating speed?
A. Time/Distance
B. Distance x Time
C. Distance/Time
D. Frequency x Time
A wave is a disturbance that carries energy from one place to another .

A substance that flows is called a(n) .
A. gas
B. fluid
C. plasma
D. solid

Which best describes the motion of the object recorded in data table?
A. It does not move.

B. It maintains a constant speed.
C. It undergoes positive acceleration.
D. It undergoes negative acceleration.
What is the distance between one point on a wave and the corresponding point on the next wave called?
A. wavelength
B. amplitude
C. crest
D. period
Whose principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object?
A. Pascal
B. Bernoulli
C. Archimedes
P-Waves travel slower than S-waves. They move up and down and can only move through solids, this is because liquids
and gases don’t resist changing shape.
A. True
B. False
The amount of work that is required to move each unit of charge between 2 points.
A. ohms
B. volts
C. amperes
D. hertz
The ideal mechanical advantage of this lever is 5. If the distance from A to B is 30 cm, what is the distance from B to C?
A. 6 cm
B. 35 cm
C. 150 cm
D. 180 cm
What changes if something is being heated?
A. Conduction
B. Energy
C. Electricity
D. Temperature
The boiling point of water in Fahrenheit is 212 °F°F . The freezing point of water in Fahrenheit is 32 °F°F.
The boiling point of water in Celsius is 100 °C°C. The freezing point of water in Celsius is 0 °C°C.

Waves do not carry matter .

A pan containing water is going to be heated on a stove. The temperature of the water after the heat is turned on
increases, but the water's thermal energy decreases.
A. True
B. False
Grade 7Matter
In what state of matter do molecules bounce off one another rapidly and act freely?
A. solid
B. liquid
C. gas
D. air
On the lever shown, the distance from B to C is 2 feet and the distance from B to A is 4 feet. What is the ideal
mechanical advantage of the lever?
A. 0.5
B. 1.0
C. 2.0
D. 8.0
Which example uses a wedge as a simple machine?
A. stairs
B. ax
C. doorknob
D. screw
The strength of the gravity's force is dependent on the object's mass and its speed.
A. True
B. False
Greg sets up the lever shown to help him lift box A by pushing down at point C. If B is located 50 cm from A and 150 cm
from C, what is the ideal mechanical advantage of the lever?
A. 1/3
B. 3
C. 5
D. 100
Heat always moves from warmer objects to cooler objects.
A. True
B. False
The vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances is thermal energy.
Motion of waves, molecules, objects and substances is kinetic energy.
Which direction should the magnetic field lines point at the end of the South Pole of the bar magnet?
A. →→
B. ↑↑
C. ←←
D. ↓↓
15 Solve for the mechanical advantage of the wheel and axle.
MA = Wheel radius/axle radius
Wheel radius = 225cm axle radius = 15cm
Speed is equal to distance divided by time.
A. True
B. False
At what temperature, in degrees Celsius, does water boil?
A. 212
B. 100
C. 0
D. 110
When somebody whispers, it always creates slow vibrations.
A. True
B. False
What is the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves?
A. Convection Current
B. Temperature
C. Radiation
D. Heat
4 Find the mechanical advantage for the inclined plane.
MA=LHMA=LH
L = 48 m H = 12 m

MA=LHMA=LH
L = 80 cm H = 5 cm
MA=LHMA=LH
L = 60 cm H = 15 cm

Wheel radius = 169 m axle radius = 13 m

Radiant energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves.

Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom and holds the nucleus together.
Wheel radius = 125 cm axle radius = 5 cm

If an object's mass is 200 grams, what is the weight of this object?
4.95 N
A. 180.16 N
B. 1.96 N
C. None of the above

Energy stored in objects by tension is mechanical energy .

What is the highest point on a wave?
A. trough
B. wave
C. crest
D. bones
What is the speed of sound in air?
A. 340 m/s
B. 600 m/s
C. 340,000,000 m/s
D. 205 m/s
Grade 7Physics
By studying physics , you can find out why you are pushed to the right when your car makes a left turn.

A 12 kg rock falls from rest off a cliff and hits the ground in 1.5 s. Without considering air resistance, what is the rock's
velocity just before it hits the ground?
A. 18 m/s
B. 14.7 m/s
C. 117.6 m/s
D. 8 m/s
What is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs called?
A. wavelength
B. amplitude
C. speed
D. frequency
The strength of the force of friction can be determined by how hard the surfaces push together and the types of surfaces
involved in the process.
A. True
B. False

Both the hammer and the see-saw are examples of a lever.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following are examples of inclined planes?
A. Car engines and airplanes
B. Gliders and rockets
C. Ramps and wedges
D. Wheels and axles

The effort of a lever refers to a machine's turning point.
A. True
B. False
& made reading glasses and built the first compound microscope.
A. Hans & Zachary Hannsen
B. Zans & Zacharias Fannsen
C. Hans & Zacharias Jannsen
D. Hans & Zacharas Jannsen
Grade 7Matter
is the average kinetic energy of the individual particles of a substance.
A. Matter
B. Heat
C. Energy
D. Temperature

Chemical energy is stored in the bonds and atoms of molecules.

How many simple machines are there?
A. four
B. five
C. six
D. seven
If one bulb fails and all the others turn off, you are dealing with a .
A. series circuit
B. parallel circuit
A boy felt like the sound level in his room was too high. He turned the knob of his music system to make it quieter. What
physical property of the sound changed due to this and how did it change?
A. The frequency increased
B. The amplitude increased
C. The amplitude decreased
D. The frequency decreased

Electromagnetic waves move at the speed of light.
A. True
B. False
Gravitational force on the Moon is 1/6th of that on Earth. Compare your mass and weight.
Alexander Graham Bell is best known for which invention?
A. the blender
B. the scale
C. the telephone
D. the telescope
Air pressure is the pressure caused by air particles around us.
Which of these would be the best conductor of electricity?
A. hydrogen
B. copper
C. chloride
D. neon
A 12 kg rock falls from rest off a cliff and hits the ground in 1.5 s. What is the rock's momentum just before it hits the
ground?
A. 8 kg x m/s
B. 18 kg x m/s
C. 96 kg x m/s
D. 176.4 kg x m/s
An object's inertia is affected by its mass.
A. True
B. False
Two blocks composed of different material each have a mass 25 g, but each block has a different volume. If Block A is
located on the Moon and Block B is located on Earth, what property do these two blocks have in common?
A. They have the same mass.
B. They have the same weight.
C. They have the same volume.
D. They have the same surface area.
According to Newton's first law of motion, a mass in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by some force.
A. True
B. False
What is friction?
A. A force
B. A substance
C. A solid
D. A gas
How much power is needed to complete 150 Joules of work in 40 seconds?
A. 3.75 (3 3/4) watts
B. 600 watts
C. 14 watts
If the particles are in a flexible container an increase in pressure will make the volume increase.
The amount of electricity that is flowing around a circuit is .
A. ammeter
B. battery
C. current
D. altitude
If a solid object is taken into space, which of the following measurements of the object will change most?
A. density
B. mass
C. volume
D. weight
Give two examples of simple machines.
The mass of a certain object on Earth is 6.0 kg, and the weight of the object 60 N. The force of gravity on the Moon is
about one-sixth the force of gravity on Earth. What are the approximate mass and approximate weight of the same
object on the Moon?
A. mass - 1.0 kg; weight - 10 N
B. mass - 6.0 kg; weight - 10 N
C. mass - 6.0 kg; weight - 360 N
D. mass - 36.0 kg; weight - 360 N
Weight is the measurement of the force of on an object.
A. gravity
B. sliding friction
C. fluid friction
D. velocity
What is the time that passes between one event and another called?
A. Speed
B. Time Warp
C. Time Line
D. Elapsed Time
Grade 7Matter
At what temperature does water freeze in degrees Celsius?
A. 10
B. 100
C. 32
D. 0

What is the time it takes to go through a complete wavelength?
A. Wavelength
B. Wave period
C. Frequency
D. Infrared light
If buoyancy is equal to or greater than the weight of an immersed object, the object will .
A. flip over
B. float
C. sink
D. swim
According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, which two objects have the greatest gravitational force?
A. You and Earth
B. An elephant and Earth
C. You and the elephant
The speed of a falling object is slowed by air resistance.
A. True
B. False
How would the measurable properties of a golf ball change if it were moved from Earth to the Moon?
A. It would have the same mass, but a different weight.
B. It would have the same weight, but a different mass.
C. It would have the same density, but a different mass.
D. It would have the same mass, but a different density.
Which of the following is breaking the law of conservation of energy?
A. Energy can change form
B. Energy can be destroyed
C. Energy can be changed from chemical to heat
D. Energy can be useful
The bodies of stringed instruments, like the violin, are made of wood .

A polarizing filter is designed to let light in.
A. increase vibrations.
B. block light out.
C. help you get a sun tan.
Grade 7Physics
The natural sciences are normally divided into life, earth and branches.
A. physical
B. behavioral
C. emotional
D. all of the above

Rolling friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other.
Grade 7Matter
Which of these is a gas?
A. helium
B. petrol
C. sand
D. cream
You and a friend together apply a force of 1,000 N to a car, which makes the car roll 10 m in 1 min and 40 s.
A. How much work did you and your friend do together?
B. What was the power output?

What is the force per unit area that one region of a gas, liquid, or solid exerts on another?
A. density
B. pressure
C. motion
D. force
In a circuit that has one bulb with a Amp reading of 0.2 and you add a second bulb your new reading is A.
A. 0.2
B. 0.5
C. 0.1
Grade 7Matter
The particles of shake violently at very high temperatures.
A. solids
B. liquids
C. gases
D. plasma
Balanced forces are equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions.

Who discovered gravity?
A. Edwin Hubble
B. Isaac Newton
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. Albert Einstein
At a speed of 7.5 m/s, how far can you run in 40 seconds?
A. 5.3 m
B. 0.1875 m
C. 300 m
D. 47.5 m
An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
A. True
B. False
Give one example of an inclined plane.
Newton's third law of motion states that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a
force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object.
A ramp is a type of .
A. lever
B. machine
C. matter
D. extension
What is the unit for work?
A. joule
B. joule per second
C. newton
D. watt
What is power?
A. the strength of someone or something
B. the force that is used
C. the work that is done
D. the rate at which work is done
Grade 7Matter
A. Name FOUR different states of matter:
1.
2.
3.
4.
8 Mechanical Advantage for Inclined Plane
MA= L/H
L = 56 cm H = 7 cm

potential energy is the energy of position, gravitational energy, and stored energy.

Which of the following is not a projectile?
A. a satellite
B. a thrown ball
C. a ball on the ground
D. a soaring arrow

The force of friction acts between all objects in the universe.
A. True
B. False
What is a device that helps do work by either overcoming a force or changing the direction of the applied force?
A. Work Input
B. Work output
C. Machines
D. Not Listed
Radiation is the only type of energy that can travel through space.

The unit to measure power is meters.
A. True
B. False
kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Potential energy is energy.
A. stored
B. motion
C. speed
D. mass
Which of the following is the opposite of boiling?
A. evaporating
B. condensing
C. melting
D. freezing
What two things you need to know in order to calculate work?
A. Force and time
B. Force and distance
C. Force and power
D. Energy and distance
A rocket taking off into space is an example of Newton's Third Law of Motion.
A. True
B. False
Energy is the ability to cause change.
A. True
B. False
Which is an example of kinetic energy?
A. standing
B. no motion
C. walking
D. a battery

Heat is form of energy .

Which of the following supports an observation that both popcorn and polystyrene foam can act as insulators?
A. Both can create regions of trapped air.
B. Both are polymers.
C. Both will float on water.
D. Both are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Who developed a carbon filament that improved the quality of light and increased the longevity of Thomas Edison's light
bulb?
If you speed up from rest to 12 m/s in 3 seconds, what is your acceleration?
A. 4 m
B. 4 m/s/s
C. 36 m
D. 36 m/s
What factors affect kinetic energy?
A. mass and speed
B. mass and matter
C. speed and velocity
D. velocity and matter
What are the two types of potential energy?
A. Elastic and matter
B. Elastic and gravitational
C. Elastic and speed
D. Speed and mass
The amount of time it takes consecutive wave crests or troughs to pass a given point is called the
A. wavelength.
B. tsunami.
C. wave height.
D. wave period.
A convection current is transfer of heat energy in a fluid.
A. True
B. False
when you apply force to an object.
A. an object is moving after you applied force to it.

B. you exert a force that moves an object in the direction of the force.
C. you do something that is difficult.
A battery is a form of stored energy as known as chemical potential.
A. True
B. False
A. a= F/M What is the acceleration?
F= 28N
M= 7 kg
The length of a ramp is divided by its height to determine the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle.
A. True
B. False
How many laws of motion did Isaac Newton create?
A. two
B. three
C. 6,753,891,777
D. four
What is instantaneous speed?
A. Current speed
B. Speed over certain amount of time
C. Speed in certain direction
D. Another name for acceleration
Which of the following choices must velocity have?
A. mass
B. acceleration
C. reference direction
D. weight
Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object moving at constant
velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by
an unbalanced force.
205 What is the mechanical advantage?
Wheel radius = 1025 cm axle radius = 5 cm
Grade 7Physics
The science concerning the study of energy and how it affects matter is called physics .
A rock falls 10 meters down a cliff and it took 1.5 seconds to hit the ground. What is the velocity of the rock just as it
reaches the bottom?
A. 13.33 m/s
B. 6.67 m/s
C. 7.66 m/s
D. 10.5 m/s
Kinetic energy is considered to be stored energy.
A. True
B. False
Friction is less on snow than on concrete, give a reason for this.

Wheel radius is divided by axle radius to determine the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle.
A. True
B. False
Running on a track is an example of potential energy.
A. True
B. False
Potential energy is considered to be energy in motion.
A. True
B. False
Energy is measured in Joules (J) . There are many types of energy. 2 of them are Potential
Energy and Chemical Energy . Food is an example for Chemical Energy .

The force acts in the direction opposite to the force of gravity, so it makes an object feel lighter.
A. balanced
B. buoyant
C. gravitational
D. opposite
Grade 7Physics
Name the branches of physical science.

Whose principle states the pressure exerted by a moving stream of fluid is less than the pressure of the surrounding
fluid?
A. Bernoulli
B. Pascal
C. Archimedes
Which of these is a third-class lever?
A. scissors
B. pliers
C. fishing pole
D. nutcracker
a = F/M What is the acceleration?
F = 148 N
M = 2 kg

a = F/M What is the acceleration?
F = 121 N
M = 11 kg

a = F/M
What is the acceleration?
F = 36 N
M = 4 Kg

Teacher Mel is riding on a bus traveling with a velocity of 30 m/s North. Teacher Mel decides to stand up and move
towards the back of the bus. Teacher Mel's velocity is now 3 m/s South. What is Teacher Mel's combined velocity?
Explain why dye dropped into a beaker of water will spread out until the entire beaker is colored.
If an object weighing 50 N displaces a volume of water that weighs 10 N what is the buoyant force on the object?
A. 60 N
B. 50 N
C. 40 N
D. 10 N
How does increasing the density of a gas affect its pressure?
pressure is cause by particles hitting the walls of the container they are in.

Nuclear fusion is how we create nuclear energy currently.
A. True
B. False
Grade 7Physics
A force is a push or pull that is described by its strength and direction.
Explain the difference between Nuclear Fusion and Nuclear Fission.
Thomas Edison filed for a patent on the light bulb on .
A. April 1, 1900
B. November 9, 1959
C. December 1, 1556
D. November 1, 1879
E. November 15, 1850
Grade 8Matter
What is a gas?
A. It has a definite shape and volume.
B. It has a definite shape, but no definite volume.
C. It has no definite shape or volume.
D. It has no definite shape, but a definite volume.
Thermal energy always moves .
A. from a higher temperature to a lower temperature.
B. from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.
C. from inside to outside.
D. from outside to inside.
Grade 8Matter
Because of loosely packed molecules, a liquid .
A. resists flowing
B. takes the shape of its container
C. forms droplets
How fast an object is moving, regardless of its direction, is .
A. speed
B. velocity
C. control group
D. force
A force is a .
A. constant speed
B. push or pull
C. linear quantity
D. cannot be determined
In a given medium, if the frequency of a wave decreases, its .
A. wavelength increases
B. speed increases
C. amplitude decreases
D. wavelength decreases
Which is a form of energy that can move from a hot place to a cooler place, or the transfer of energy from one body to
another?
A. Celsius
B. Fahrenheit
C. Freezing point
D. Heat
Grade 8Matter
When water changes into water vapor, this is called .
A. condensation
B. transpiration
C. precipitation
D. evaporation
A force
A. causes all motion.
B. starts stationary objects moving.
C. stops moving objects.
D. is an interaction between two or more objects.
E. all of the above.
Grade 8Matter
Which of the following is NOT a phase of matter?
A. Gas
B. Solution
C. Liquid
D. Solid
If the net force acting on an object is zero, then the object will remain at rest or move in a straight line with a constant
speed. This is Newton's law of motion.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.
A. Mass
B. Weight
C. Volume
D. Density
Grade 8Matter
A liquid has a .
A. constant temperature
B. definite shape
C. crystal structure
D. definite volume
This question is a part of a group with common instructions. View group »
When one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
Which law matches the description?

A. Newton's 1st Law of Motion
B. Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
C. Newton's 2nd Law of Motion
Grade 8Matter
Sublimation is a change from a
A. solid to a liquid.
B. gas to a liquid.
C. solid to a gas.
D. liquid to a solid.
If two forces act on an object in the same direction, the net force is the
A. difference of the two forces.
B. sum of the two forces.
C. only one of the forces acts on the object.
D. neither force can affect the object.
If Mr. Lovering burns his hand grabbing a hot cup of coffee, what type of thermal energy transfer has taken place?
A. Radiation
B. Convection
C. Conduction
D. Equilibrium
An object that transmits light with scattering can be described as .
A. transparent
B. translucent
C. opaque
A changes the direction of the input force.
A. fixed pulley
B. movable pulley
Grade 8Matter
Matter is made of .
A. matter
B. particles
C. gravity
Any energy that is stored is called energy.
A. kinetic
B. cooking
C. potential
D. thermal
E. sound
F. electrochemical
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Which law matches the description?
A. Newton's 2nd Law of Motion
B. Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
C. Newton's 1st Law of Motion
What is the distance between one point on a compression and the corresponding point on the next compression in a
sound wave called?
A. wavelength
B. rarefaction
C. crest
D. trough
On a cold, winter day, Sheena rubs her hands together. Stored chemical energy is transformed into mechanical energy.
Due to the Law of Conservation of Energy some of the energy is also transformed into energy.
A. heat
B. light
C. solar
D. kinetic
Which type of wave is shown in the image?
A. seismic
B. transverse
C. longitudinal
D. compression

The symbol shown below could be used to represent a in a circuit schematic.
A. wire
B. switch
C. single cell
D. resistor
Adding or subtracting individual forces gives a combined force called a(n) .
A. net force
B. acceleration
C. friction
D. machine
Grade 8Matter
Vaporization that takes place inside a liquid is called .
evaporation
boiling
condensation
sublimation

The energy of matter in motion is .
A. electromagnetic
B. potential
C. chemical
D. kinetic
A wheelbarrow is an example of a .
A. second-class lever
B. wheel and axle
C. inclined plane
This is a push, pull, or any action that has the ability to change motion.
A. Friction
B. Force
C. Newton's 1st Law of Motion
A disturbance that transmits energy through a medium is a(n) .
A. electromagnetic wave
B. mechanical wave
C. force
D. electricity
A. It does not move.

B. It maintains a constant velocity.
C. It undergoes positive acceleration.
D. It undergoes negative acceleration.
A path for electricity is .
a circuit
a light bulb
an ampere
Grade 8Matter
When water freezes, it turns into .
A. water
B. ice
C. water vapor
We measure the frequency of a wave in .
A. Meters
B. Hertz
C. Meters per second
D. Hertz per second
Grade 8Matter
Liquids form into
A. any shape.
B. the shape of their container.
C. no shape.
The rate at which velocity changes over time is known as .
A. speed
B. acceleration
C. Newton
D. force
Grade 8Matter
When ice melts, it turns into a .
A. solid
B. liquid
C. gas
A(n) is a flat surface, a sloped surface, or a ramp.
A. pulley
B. wheel and axle
C. inclined plane
D. lever
A place or object to determine if an object is in motion is a .
A. speed
B. motion
C. reference point
D. force
What do all waves transmit?
A. energy
B. mass
C. matter
D. radiation
A wet shirt is put on a clothesline to dry on a sunny day. The shirt dries because water molecules .
A. gain heat energy and condense
B. gain heat energy and evaporate
C. lose heat energy and condense
D. lose heat energy and evaporate
Which of the following describes something simple machines CANNOT do?
A. increase the force you put in
B. increase the work you put in
C. decrease the force you put in
D. decrease the work you put in

Acceleration refers to .
A. increasing speed
B. decreasing speed
C. changing direction
D. all of the above
A ball rolling on grass has more friction than a ball rolling on tile.
A. True
B. False
Look at the image of the pulley. If bucket A has a mass of 5 kg, which of the following statements is true about the
minimum effort force required to lift the bucket if friction is ignored?
A. It would take 0 kg of effort to lift the bucket.

B. It would take 2.5 kg of effort to lift the bucket.
C. It would take 5 kg of effort to lift the bucket.
D. It would take 10 kg of effort to lift the bucket.
Grade 8Matter
Which letter on the diagram best represents when melting occurs?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. E

A skydiver is falling with a force of 1500 N while the upward force of air resistance is 1000 N. The skydiver’s force
is and has a net force of . The skydiver
is .
A. unbalanced; net force = 500 N; accelerating
B. unbalanced; net force = 500 N; at terminal velocity
C. balanced; net force = 1500 N; moves to the left
D. balanced; no net force; at terminal velocity
The energy that Earth receives from the Sun, primarily as visible light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation,
is .
A. solar energy
B. radiation
C. electrical energy
The size or amount of a force is known as its .
A. net force
B. direction
C. magnitude
D. constant speed
Grade 8Matter
When water evaporates, it turns into .
A. water vapor
B. water
C. ice
The faster the particles of a gas are moving, the
A. lower their energy and the higher their temperature.
B. greater their energy and the lower their temperature.
C. lower their energy and the lower their temperature.
D. greater their energy and the higher their temperature.
An object being lifted or moved by a machine is
A. a fulcrum.
B. a load.
C. work.
D. force.
E. friction.
A. A pulley makes work easier by
B. increasing force.
C. increasing distance.
D. changing the direction of force.
E. none of the above.
As water begins to boil in a kettle, the hotter water at the bottom of the kettle closest to the stove begins to rise and the
cooler water above sinks and warms. This is an example of .
conduction
radiation
convection
heat

Bernoulli's principle states that .
pressure is transmitted equally through a fluid
pressure increases as temperature decreases
buoyant force equals weight of fluid displaced
pressure in a fluid decreases as speed of the fluid increases

Choose the following materials that would make good conductors.
Copper
Glass
Plastic
Sweatshirt
Gold
Wood
Rubber
Aluminum

An object acted upon by a net force will accelerate in the direction of the force, and the acceleration equals the net
force divided by the object's mass. This is Newton's law of motion.
first
second
third
fourth

What does the diagram represent?
the actual shift in frequency of sounds waves by a moving object

the apparent shift in frequency of sounds waves by a moving object
the actual shift in frequency of sounds waves by a stationary object
the apparent shift in frequency of sounds waves by a stationary object
Bacon cooking in the frying pan is a form of .
conduction
convection
radiation

When light is produced using heat, what is it called?
Luminescence
Incandescence
Fluorescence
Flammable

In the formula for speed, you must
multiply the distance and the time.
add the distance and the time.
divide the distance by the time.
multiply the speed and the time.

Any object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force; an object in motion continues at a
constant speed and direction in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Which of the following correctly matches the description?
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
Newton's 1st Law of Motion

A force that makes objects pull toward each other is called .
friction
gravity
gear
lever

The diagram shows a circuit.
Which symbol represents the power source of the circuit?

The amount of work a machine puts out compared to the amount of work put in is called .
mechanical advantage
efficiency
work
power
Grade 8Matter
The motion of the particles is most orderly in .
solids
liquids
gases
solvents

The diagram shows the electromagnetic spectrum. Which letters represent radio and gamma waves?
A, F
F, C
G, A
C, G
Grade 8Matter
Solids have a crystal lattice because the particles .
vibrate around fixed positions.
move in all directions.
attract one another strongly.
are not compressible at all.

The ratio of output force to input force is known as .
power
efficiency
pressure

Mechanical waves that are created through areas of compression and rarefaction are called waves.
transverse
longitudinal
electrical
diffracted

According to Boyle's law, if the pressure placed upon a gas is increased, then .
the volume will increase
the volume will decrease
the temperature will increase
the temperature will decrease

Motion is
anything with speed.
the change of position over time.
the way you move something.
an object with force.

Two waves are shown.
Which statement best classifies A and B?

A and B are both transverse waves.
A and B are both longitudinal waves.
A is a transverse wave and B is a longitudinal wave.
A is a longitudinal wave and B is a transverse wave.

Which shows the formula for calculating speed?
Speed = time x position
Speed = time x mass
Speed = distance/time
Speed = time/velocity

A(n) is two circular objects of different sizes that are attached and rotate together.
pulley
wheel and axle
inclined plane
lever

Large objects vibrate slowly and produce what kind of note?
Low pitched
High pitches
Loud
Quiet

Motion can be measured by .
speed
velocity
acceleration
all of the above

The distance between which two points is one wavelength?
A and C
B and F
D and E
G and I
Grade 8Matter
If sufficient energy is added to a solid, it always changes with regard to its .
volume
phase
color
density

Potential energy is the energy an object has because of its .
speed
location
size
density

A(n) is a rigid plank that pivots or rotates about a fixed point called the fulcrum.
pulley
wheel and axle
inclined plane
lever

Newton's second law of motion states the relationship of mass, acceleration, and force. It states that
force equals mass divided by acceleration.
force equals acceleration divided by mass.
force equals mass times acceleration.
every object attracts every other object in the universe.
Grade 8Mechanics
This is a quantity that has both size and direction.
Average speed
Speed
Velocity
Vector

The substance that a mechanical wave travels through is called its .
energy
amplitude
resting place
medium

A temperature scale with the melting point of ice at 0 degrees and the boiling point of water at 100 degrees is known as
Celsius.
Characteristic property.
Chemical reaction.
Condensation.

An example of rolling friction is
using oil to lubricate.
wheels on your skateboard.
dragging your sister across the floor on a blanket.
the little mermaid swimming through the ocean.

The movement of molecules in matter is energy.
chemical
thermal
electromagnetic
electrical

A(n) is a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around the groove.
pulley
wheel and axle
inclined plane
lever

Which law of motion is explained by the equation: Force = mass x acceleration?

The unit for measuring energy is .
Degrees
Newtons
Joules
Watts
Grade 8Matter
Select all of the following that qualify as physical changes.
burning
bending
breaking
dissolving
crushing
evaporating
melting
decaying

Which law of motion states that an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force?

A velocity-time graph of a moving object is shown. Which statement best describes the object's velocity between points
D and E?
The object's velocity is increasing.

The object's velocity is decreasing.
The object's velocity is constant.
The object is stopped.

Which of the following describes a body's reluctance to change its state of motion?
inertia
friction
force

A machine with a bar that pivots on a fixed point is called a(n)
watt.
pulley.
wheel and axle.
lever.

Which shows the formula for velocity?
A=ΔVΔtA=ΔVΔt
V=dtV=dt
F=M×AF=M×A
N=1Kg×1ms2N=1Kg×1ms2

What is it called when the net forces equal 0 N?
unbalanced forces
push forces
pull forces
balanced forces

Which of the following is the unit of measurement for electric potential?
ohm
volt
watt
ampere
Thermal Energy ALWAYS moves from COLD to HOT.
True
False

Which type of heat transfer is happening when the Sun warms your face?
convection
conduction
radiation
Grade 8Matter
Select all of the following that qualify as chemical properties.
Reactivity with water
pH
Flammability
Rusting
Creating gases
Texture
Color
Creating a new chemical product

The response of an object to the force of gravity is called .
volume
mass
weight
density

When energy is added to a liquid without changing its phase, the particles will
move faster.
be arranged more disorderly.
move away from their fixed positions.
move further apart.

The magnetic field is strongest at the .
equator
poles
middile
north

Due to the Doppler effect, when moving AWAY from the source of a sound,
the pitch of the sound should get lower.
the pitch of the sound should get higher.
the sound should get louder.
the sound should get more quiet.

Which force results from relative motion between objects?
net force
inertia
friction

is the motion of an object in a complete circle.
Rotational motion
Periodic motion
Linear motion

The waves are interacting constructively.
True
False

To pull apart is to .
magnet
attract
repel

Which of the following arrows best represents the direction of the magnetic field between the ends of the U magnet?
→→
←←
↑↑
↓↓

The room becomes warm when the furnace is turned on due to .
conduction
convection
radiation
Earth's magnetic field has
an east and west pole.
a north and south pole.
a never changing field.
none of the above.
Grade 8Matter
Which is true regarding the solid model?
There are strong forces of attraction between the particles.
The particles move around freely.
There are great open spaces between the particles.
The particles move great distances before they collide.

Which of Newton's laws of motion states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction?
first law
second law
third law

What does the zigzag line on the right side of the circuit schematic represent?
battery
resistor
voltmeter
ammeter
Grade 8Matter
The temperature at which the substance is melting is the temperature at which the substance is freezing.
less than
more than
the same as

A can be used to multiply force and change direction.
lever
wheel and axle
pulley
screw

Which of the following is the unit of measurement for force?
friction
newton
weight
What do the parallel lines in the center of the circuit schematic most likely represent?
battery
resistor
voltmeter
ammeter
The momentum of a 1,500-kg car traveling at a velocity of 10 m/s is .
15,000 N
15ms215ms2
150 N
15,000kg⋅ms15,000kg⋅ms

Comparing a machine's work output with work input refers to
a watt.
mechanical efficiency.
mechanical advantage.
a joule.

Forces always act in equal but opposite pairs. This is Newton's law of motion.
first
second
third
fourth

Which is a unit of speed?
m/s
s
kg
hr

The bending of a wave due to a change in its speed is .
interference
diffraction
reflection
refraction

Which law of motion explains how a rocket lifts off the ground?

Mechanical waves in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction the wave travels are
called waves.
longitudinal
seismic
surface
transverse

You are riding in a car and the driver presses harder on the gas pedal, causing an increase in speed. This is an example
of .
negative acceleration
constant speed
positive acceleration
velocity

When you use a boat paddle to push water backward, the water exerts an opposite force pushing the boat forward. This
is an example of .
Newton's First Law of Motion
Pascal's Law
Newton's Third Law of Motion
Archimedes Principle

Kinetic energy of an object is equal to what?
one half the product of its mass and speed squared.
one half the product of its mass and its speed.
its mass multiplied by its speed.

As a pendulum swings back and forth,
potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy.
at the lowest part of its swing, its energy is all kinetic.
at the end points of its swing, its energy is all potential.
all of the above.

Why is it more efficient to move a box up a ramp on wheels than sliding it?
The wheels reduce the pull of gravity.
Rolling friction is weaker than sliding friction, so you lose less work.
Wheels increase the normal force on a box.
None of the above

Iron is a magnetic material, but an iron nail does not behave like a magnet because .
its magnetic domains are aligned
it contains too few magnetic domains
the atoms in the iron exert a force on all the other atoms
its magnetic domains are arranged randomly

The combination of all forces acting on an object is
the net force.
constant speed.
no motion, therefore no acceleration.
static friction.

Which describes velocity?
acceleration in a direction
speed that is changing
speed in a given direction
acceleration over a distance

Which law of motion states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction?

Would these magnets attract or repel?
attract
repel
Grade 8Quantum Physics and the Atom

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.
Matter
Element
Metalloid
Molecule

is how far objects are from each other.
Displacement
Distance
Velocity
Reference point
Microwaves, radio waves, and X-rays are all examples of what kind of energy?
Mechanical
Thermal
Electromagnetic
Sound

Radiation is the transfer of energy by .
motion
waves
liquid currents
work

What are constructive and destructive?
2 types of light
2 types of animals
2 types of interference
2 types of pitch

In what way does the force of friction act on an object?
in the same direction as the force
in a perpendicular direction to the force
in the opposite direction of the force
in any direction

If you measure the distance between the resting position and the crest of a wave, you are measuring .
wavelength
amplitude
frequency
wave speed

An aircraft lands and brakes, slowing from 50 m/s to 5 m/s in 30 secs. Its change in acceleration was 10 ms2ms2.
True
False

The Sun transfers thermal energy to Earth by .
conduction
convection
radiation
none of the above

The type of battery that you use in a flashlight or toy car is called cell battery.
a voltaic
a dry
a charged
an open

The waves are interacting destructively.
True
False
You can increase friction by
making the surfaces rougher.
using oil or another lubricant.
putting the object on wheels.
asking a friend to help push or pull.

Convection causes the breeze that you feel on the beach.
True
False

If an object was accelerating at 5ms25ms2 and a force of 20N20N was required to accelerate it, what was the object's
mass?
50kg50kg
0.5kg0.5kg
2kg2kg
4kg4kg
Grade 8Matter
Which of the following statements in incorrect? (more than one answer)
Isobars possess the same chemical properties.
Isotopes occupy the same position on the Periodic Table.
Isotopes possess the same atomic number.
In isobars, the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus in same.

The force between two charges increases as they get .
closer together
farther apart
hotter
colder

If a fluid flows from area A to area B, then area B must be an area of lower .
temperature
mass
volume
pressure

Materials that are good absorbers of sound do not pass on vibration to other particles. This is called
the threshold of hearing.
a sound insulator.
amplitude.
pitch.

Which statement correctly compares the potential energy of the balls?
C has more potential energy than B.

E has more potential energy than F.
D has less potential energy than E.
B has less potential energy than A.
Grade 8Matter
Which statement about the Law of Conservation of Mass is NOT true?
The mass of reactants must equal the mass of products.
All the atoms on the reactants side of an equation are also on the products side.
The reaction creates new types of atoms.
Atoms are not lost, but are rearranged.

Electrons flowing along a copper wire is an example of what type of energy?
Thermal
Radiant
Electrical
Mechanical

Which shows the formula for acceleration?
A=VF−VITF−TIA=VF-VITF-TI
F=M×AF=M×A
V=dtV=dt
A=ΔTΔV
Which statement about magnetic field lines is true?
they form straight lines
they cross one another
they have the same strength
they cannot travel through air

Emilie holds the end of a metal rod in the flame of a Bunsen burner. After a couple of minutes the rod becomes too hot
for Emilie to hold.
Which of the following caused the heating of the rod?

radiation
induction
convection
conduction

Which of the following best describes the concept of work?
a force applied to an object
a force moves an object through a distance
the transformation of energy
the rate at which energy is transformed
Grade 8Matter
What is the definition of density?
How big or small something is
the amount of matter in a given volume
how much space something has
the size of something

If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the net force
is the difference of the two forces.
is the sum of the forces.
is the only one of the forces can act on the object.
cannot be determined.

Which of the following refers to the mass of an object multiplied by its speed or velocity?
inertia
net force
momentum

Magnetic fields are created by
magnetic field lines.
potential energy of molecules.
spinning neutrons.
moving electric charges.

When a wave "bounces back", it is called .
refraction
reflection
reverberation
vibration

Earth rotates west to east. According to Newton's first law of motion, which should occur if you jumped straight up?
you land east of where you jumped from
you land west of where you jumped from
you land in the same place you jumped from

The energy obtained from the digestion of food is called .
heat
nuclear
mechanical
chemical

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance is its .
temperature
pressure
force
volume

Power is when a force moves an object through a distance.
True
False

The sea turtle swimming through the ocean is an example of what type of friction?
static
sliding
rolling
fluid

The measure of how well something conducts electricity is called conductivity.
True
False
How fast something moves over a certain distance
length
instantaneous speed
average speed

The diagram shows the electromagnetic spectrum. Write the letter that represents each type of radiation listed.
D Visible
G Radio
C Ultraviolet
A Gamma
F Microwave
E Infrared
B X-ray

Wave speed is calculated by frequency and wavelength.
multiplying
dividing
adding
subtracting

Which of the following temperatures is the same as absolute zero?
0 degrees Celsius
-273.15 degrees Fahrenheit
0 Kelvin
0 degrees Fahrenheit

In which of these do you need to know the direction in which the object is moving?
velocity
instantaneous speed
average speed
mass

Use the data table to calculate the acceleration of the object in question.
2m/s/s2m/s/s
8m/s/s8m/s/s
20m/s/s20m/s/s
32m/s/s
The formula for velocity is v=distance x time.
True
False

A coulomb measures electrical .
power
charge
current
resistance

When an object changes position over time when compared with a reference point, the object is said to be in .
meter
motion
process
liter

Your car has a mass of 2,500 kg and a force of 5,000 N. How fast will it accelerate?
20ms220ms2
2ms22ms2
0.5ms20.5ms2
120ms2120ms2

Waves that move in a circular motion are waves.
transverse
longitudinal
surface
electric

Which is NOT true about balanced forces?
are equal in size
act in the same direction
do not cause a change in motion
act in opposite directions

What is it called when the crests of two waves overlap and result in an increased wave amplitude?
destructive interference
constructive interference
Doppler effect
resonance

The index of refraction for water is 1.33 and for glass is 1.5. When light moves from glass to water, the speed of
light .
increases
decreases
remains the same
depends on the angle of incidence

What instrument uses lenses or mirrors to focus light from distant objects?
microscopes
optical Fibers
telescopes
lasers

The SI (systems international) unit for force is the .
meter
liter
gram
Newton

A Newton is equal to .
the amount of mass in an object
mass times velocity
mass times speed
mass times acceleration

What is an element that has properties of metals and nonmetals?
Matter
Element
Metalloid
Molecule

The measure of the distance between a line through the middle of a wave and a crest or trough is the .
amplitude
frequency
wave length
wave speed

A force gives energy to an object will cause it to .
stop moving
start moving
change its motion
all of the above

What is the momentum of a 30-gram ball whose velocity is 5 m/s south?
150 g-m/s south
6 g-m/s south
1.6 g-m/s south
300 g-m/s south

What determines how much friction occurs between two surfaces?
distance the object is pulled along the surface
how fast the objects are moving
how hard you push or pull the objects
the amount of force pushing the objects together and how irregular the surfaces

The waves are interacting constructively.
True
False

Forces that must touch the object that they push or pull are called
friction forces.
mechanical forces.
energy forces.
contact forces.

A speedometer allows you to determine which of these?
average speed
average velocity
instantaneous speed
displacement

The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance one degree per unit of mass is called its .
density
entropy
temperature
specific heat
Which of the following is an example of wave interaction?
diffraction
reflection
refraction
all of the above

The ratio of work to time, or the rate of work, is known as .
force
efficiency
power

A 350kg350kg car accelerates at 40ms240ms2, what is the force?
390 N
14,000 N
4,000 N
3,900 N

The force that one surface exerts on another surface when two rub against each other is referred to as .
fluid
friction
gravity
momentum

Which of the following results in a decrease of friction?
applying more force when scrubbing a dirty pot
oil added to a car engine to lubricate moving parts
deep tread on snow tires to increase traction
scrubbing food from a dish with the rougher side of the sponge

Which of the following is not a type of friction?
rolling
sliding
static
skating

Ice skating is an example of what type of friction?
rolling
fluid
static
sliding

As long as interacting objects are not influenced by outside forces (like friction), their momentum before the interaction
will equal their momentum after the interaction.
Which of the following correctly matches the description?

equilibrium
law of conservation of momentum
net force

When you used a Foss-ulele over the top of a desk, what would happen to the pitch as you plucked the string while your
partner pulled down and made the string tighter?
As soon as you tightened the string, the pitch would get lower
As soon as you tightened the string, the pitch would get higher
The pitch would stay the same

Infrared light has a longer wavelength than visible light and is detected most often by the way that it heats objects.
True
False

The waves bouncing off an object can cause an echo.
True
False

A force exerted when matter is pulled or stretched is .
Newton
compression
balanced forces
tension

When the surface of a mirror curves inward, like the inside of a bowl, it is called a .
plane mirror
concave mirror
convex mirror
diffuse mirror

It does not move.

It maintains a constant velocity.
It undergoes positive acceleration.
It undergoes negative acceleration.

What is the tendency of things to continue doing what they are already doing called?
mass
inertia
speed
momentum

A magnetic field with the same orientation as the Earth's field is said to have polarity.
reverse
combined
normal
isochronal

A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion is called
a position.
a reference point.
a constant.
velocity.

A liquid with a low viscosity, or thickness, .
has a definite shape
flows quickly
flows slowly
fills its container

Objects with balanced forces acting on them are not moving or .
static
compression
unbalanced forces
gravity

This changes whenever the speed or direction of an object changes.
speed
direction
velocity
process
An electric discharge is the slow movement of excess charge from one place to another.
True
False

Milo created the data table based on his science experiment. What was the velocity of the object Milo was
experimenting with?
5m/s5m/s
6m/s6m/s
15m/s15m/s
24m/s24m/s

The attractive force that exists between any two objects that have mass is known as
acceleration.
velocity.
gravity.

Which of the following refers to the amount of force overcoming an opposing force, thus causing motion?
net force
inertia
air friction

What is the SI unit for force?
newton
joule
lilogram
m/s/s

Which of the following would experience the least friction?
car tires
cement
gravel
ice

The force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other is called
acceleration.
friction.
inertia.
gravity.

Testing the amount of force to move a friction block, you used a spring scale and measured in .
meters
liters
Newtons
grams

What are the two factors that affect pressure in a fluid?
volume and density
weight and temperature
depth and density
none of the above

A 10-kg ball is accelerated 500m/s2500m/s2 by a force of .
5000 N
50 N
500 N
0.50 N

If a 100-kg student jumped in a pool from the same height as a 50-kg student, what would likely be true of their resulting
waves?
The larger student would create a wave with larger amplitude.
The smaller student would create a wave with larger amplitude.
The larger student would create a wave with larger wavelength.
The smaller student would create a wave with larger wavelength.
At Earth's gravity, a mass of 1 kg has a weight of 9.8 N. At Earth's gravity, what is the weight of 25 kg in newtons?
2,450 N
245 N

Which of the following occurs when the forces on an object are balanced?
equilibrium
momentum
net force

A temperature scale with the melting point of ice at 32 degrees and the boiling point of water at 212 degrees is known
as
Celsius.
Fahrenheit.
Kelvin.
Boiling point.
Grade 8Matter
To determine the density of a substance, what formula must be used?
D= M/V
D= M x V
D= V/M
D= M+ V

The object that appears to stay in place and is used to determine another object is in motion is the .
reference point
distance
control
velocity

An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a(n) .
observer
starting point
instant of time
reference point

A force exerted when matter is pushed or squeezed is .
balanced forces
compression
Newton
static

The pitch of a sound that you hear depends on the sound wave's .
loudness
intensity
frequency
speed

The length of space between two points is known as .
distance
time
acceleration
The speed of an object at one instant in time is the object's speed.
average
total
instantaneous
final

Gravity is the force that keeps us on Earth.

The resistance created by objects moving in water or other fluids is known as what?
friction
viscous friction
inertia

As the gas in a rigid container is heated, its .
pressure increases
volume increases
pressure decreases
volume decreases

In what part of the magnet is the magnetic field the strongest?
Middle of the magnet
No where
on the right
Magnetic poles

The resistance created when one object rolls over another one is called what?
rolling friction
air friction
momentum

Gamma Rays are related to X-rays.
True
False
The diagram shows the magnetic field lines for a bar magnet. Which statement best describes the strength of the
magnetic field for the bar magnet?
The magnetic field is strongest at north pole of the magnet.

The magnetic field is strongest at the south pole of the magnet.
The magnetic field is strongest at both the north and south poles.
The magnetic field is strongest in the region between the north and south poles.

A line on a distance-time graph becomes steeper as an object's speed decreases.
True
False

The acceleration of a falling object under the influence of Earth's gravitational forces is known as .
average speed
free fall
instantaneous speed
Grade 8Thermodynamics
A phase diagram shows the preferred physical states of matter at different temperatures and pressure. At typical room
temperatures and pressure water is a liquid, but it becomes solid (i.e. ice) if its temperature is lowered
below and gaseous (i.e. steam) if its temperature is raised above , at the same pressure.
273 K; 373 K
237 K; 337 K
0 K; 100 K
32 K; 212 K

Two bar magnets are arranged as shown.
Which diagram below best represents the magnetic field lines for the bar magnets?
Locating objects by emitting sound waves and interpreting their echo is called .
audio feedback
audio orientation
echolocation
echo navigation

The force of gravity acting on an object is called what?
weight
force
gravity
mechanical system

This is friction where an object moves through liquid or gas.
Static
Fluid
Sliding
Rolling

The process of burning fuel is called .
thermal expansion
radiation
boiling
combustion

Georg Ohm developed the understanding of how voltage, resistance, and current are related and stated this relationship
in Ohm's Law.
True
False

This is friction where two surfaces slide past one another.
Rolling
Sliding
Fluid
Static
Grade 8Matter
These metals are used in construction activities.
alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
transitional elements
none of the above
Grade 8Matter
These elements can react with a metal and form a salt.
halogen
noble gases
metalloids
carbon
Grade 8Matter
Which of the following elements in this group is very stable?
alkali metals
halogens
transitional
noble gases

The cables on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco are helping to support the weight of the structure by using a
stretching force known as .
normal force
compression
tension
air resistance
If you know the distance an object has traveled in a certain amount of time, you can determine the of the
object.
size
speed
location
acceleration

Albert Einstein gave Gamma Rays their name.
True
False

A soccer ball was kicked by a player and spins in the air. What type of friction is illustrated in this situation?
sliding
rolling
static
fluid

Which of the following exerts the strongest gravitational force on Earth?
The other planets
The stars
The Sun
The Moon

In the "Eureka films", the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion is also called laziness, which of these terms
matches this definition?
weight
mass
inertia
all of the above

We can hear sounds from around corners because of .
Diffraction
Refraction
Reflection
Relaxation

Which statement is true about the potential energy of the ball at E and F?
The potential energy at both E and F is 0 joules.

The potential energy at both E and F is greater than 0 joules.
The potential energy at F is 0 joules and at E is greater than 0 joules.
The potential energy at E is 0 joules and at F is greater than 0 joules.

Farsightedness can usually be corrected by .
convex lenses
convex mirrors
concave mirrors
concave lenses

The region around a magnet where the magnetic forces act is called the magnetic field .

You weigh more on the Moon than you do on Jupiter.
True
False

When two objects are moving at the same speed, the heavier object is harder to stop.
True
False

A machine can change the magnitude of a force.
True
False

What is the momentum of a 57-kg cheetah running north at 27 m/s?
1,539 kg-m/s north
999 kg-m/s north
2.1 kg-m/s north
0.47 kg-m/s north

Gears can be used to change the torque or turning force needed to move something.
True
False

A Class 1 lever can move a heavy load with effort force.
smaller
larger
the same

What is molecular movement measured in degrees?
pH
salinity
turbidity
temperature

In a circuit schematic, this symbol would represent a(n) .
open switch
closed switch
fluorescent light bulb
incandescent light bulb

More torque is required to rotate a wheel if you were to apply force to the wheel CLOSER to the axle than at the outside
edge of the wheel.
True
False
Which statement about the total resistance of the circuit is true?
It is the same as the average resistance of any of the resistors.

It is less than the resistance of any of the individual resistors.
It is greater than the resistance of any of the individual resistors.

If a wave has a high frequency, then it has a high pitch.
True
False

A 20kg20kg bike accelerates at 10ms210ms2, what is the force?
25 N
20 N
200 N
10 N

Which of the following best explains why the end of a spoon sticking out of a cup of hot water also gets hot like the end
in the hot water?
The hot water causes a chemical reaction to take place in the spoon.
The heat from the hot water is conducted to the spoon handle.
The hot water heats the air surrounding the upper part of the spoon.
The hot water causes a physical change in the spoon handle.

A class 2 lever always moves a large load with effort force.
a heavier
a smaller
the same

Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry discovered that a magnet moving in the vicinity of a coil of wire would generate an
electric current, known as induced current.
True
False

This is friction in which two surfaces are not moving past each other.
Fluid
Sliding
Rolling
Static

A class 3 lever always make things to lift or move.
harder
easier
the same

What is the requirement for creating torque?
The object must be able to rotate about some center point.
The object must be heavy
The force be must in the opposite direction
You must apply more force on the object than the weight of the object
None of the above

Movement from one place to another over time in a certain direction is known as
velocity.
instantaneous speed.
free fall.

The highest point of a transverse wave is called a crest . The lowest point of a transverse wave is called
a trough .

What do we call the interaction of sound waves while traveling along the same medium?
Interference
Reflection
Reverberation
Sonar

9.81ms29.81ms2 is commonly used to represent the
speed of light.
acceleration due to Earth's gravity.
coefficient of friction.
acceleration of objects in a fluid.

A measurement used to describe changes in motion or events is known as
time.
a second.
acceleration.
Grade 8Matter
Any change that affects the physical properties of a substance is a physical change.
True
False

Which of the following best describes the circuit diagram?
open circuit in series

closed circuit in series
open circuit in parallel
closed circuit in parallel

What is the work done when a force of 13 N is applied over a distance of 14 meters?
0.93 J
27 J
182 J
195 J

If you do the same amount of work in a shorter time, which of the following is true?
your efficiency decreased
your power increased
you must be using a machine
none of the above

Which symbol could represent a single cell in a circuit diagram?

Your calf muscle feels sore and you massage it by pushing and squeezing it. This force you are using is known
as force.
tension
compression
magnetic
nuclear
Torque force does NOT rotate or turn things.
True
False

Jenny is walking to her best friend Ava's house, which is 2.4 miles from her house. It takes her 17 minutes to get there
normally but she was going extra slow today, so it took her 29 minutes. Calculate her speed.
0.083 miles per minute

What is the momentum of an object with a mass of 100 kg, traveling at a velocity of 7 m/s North?
107 kg/m/s N
0.07 kg/m/s N
700 kg/m/s N
70 kg/m/s S

A machine can increase or decrease speed.
True
False

Raising the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius requires .
1 calorie
1 Calorie
1 joule
1 watt

If you were traveling through the solar system, your weight would change but not your mass.
True
False

Energy is changed from one form to another with no net loss or gain. This statement is .
always true
sometimes true
always false

When force causing work to be done is increased, work is done.
more
less
the same amount of
no

What type of friction does a parachute experience as it flies in the air?
sliding
rolling
fluid
static

What type of friction occurs between objects that are not moving?
sliding
rolling
fluid
static

Light bends as it travels from air into water because
light speeds up as it travels from air into water and causes it to change direction.
the density of water is more than air and this makes light speed up.
light slows as it travels from air into water causing it to change direction.

The formula for Charles' Law is V1T2=V2V1V1T2=V2V1.
True
False

As the pressure of a gas at 2 atm is changed to 1 atm at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas .
decreases
increases
remains the same

In which direction do electrons flow?
from positive to positive
from negative to positive
from negative to negative
from positive to negative

All charged objects exert forces on one another.
True
False

The waves are interacting destructively.
True
False
Grade 8Matter
Oxygen is a .
metal
metalloid
nonmetal
none of the above

Diffusion in gases occurs quickly because
the particles are very small.
the particles move around very fast.
gases are very compressible.
the particles are in fixed positions.

The speed of an object at a specific point in its journey is known as .
instantaneous speed
average speed
free fall

A thrown baseball will follow a curved path before it hits the ground due to Earth's gravity. What is this known as?
Standard Motion
Pascal's Law
Projectile Motion
Archimedes Principle
Grade 8Matter
Which of these is a chemical change?
Paper is shredded
Liquid wax turns solid
Salt dissolves in water
Soap scum forms

The object that appears to stay in place and is used to determine if another object is in motion is the .
liter
independent variable
reference point
motion

Which of the work requires rotational force or torque?
Pushing a wagon up a ramp
Pushing two blocks apart by hammering a wedge between them.
Pulling up a load using a single pulley system
None of the above

This diagram represents a series circuit.
True
False

The attraction or repulsion between magnetic poles is called a magnetic domain.
True
False

A location to which you compare other locations is called a(n) .
ending line
stopping point
reference point

What equipment is used to test amperage?
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Ohm Meter
Conductivity Meter

What force do the wings on an airplane provide when the plane is in motion?
drag
weight
thrust
lift
What happens when you bring the south ends of two magnets together?
nothing
repeal
attract
non of the above

When the force exerted on a moving object is neither in the same direction nor in the opposite direction, then the
object will move in a .
straight line
curved path
zig zag path

Two objects stick together and move with a common velocity after colliding. Which type of collision is this?
elastic
inelastic
conserved

Which object would appear cooler in a room with a temperature of 72 degrees F?
plastic square
metal square
they both appear to have the same temperature

Materials that let light through easily and a clear image can be seen are .
translucent
opaque
transparent

Objects with more mass are harder to stop than objects with less mass.
True
False

Which of the following statements would be true about the lever shown if C was moved closer to A?
The ideal mechanical advantage would increase.

The ideal mechanical advantage would decrease.
The ideal mechanical advantage would remain unchanged.

What instrument is used to measure magnetic fields?
mangnetogram
sonar
magnetometer
field generator
none of the above

What do you call the material that easily transfers heat energy?
Conductor
Electron
Insulator
Radiation

Average speed can be calculated over a specific time interval.
True
False

When a chemical reaction occurs in a battery and electrons are released, the electrons flow through a wire - this is
called Electricity .

Which statement is true about this symbol when used in a circuit drawing?
The switch is open and electricity can flow through the circuit.
The switch is open and electricity cannot flow through the circuit.
The switch is closed and electricity can flow through the circuit.
The switch is closed and electricity cannot flow through the circuit.
Alessandro Volta invented the battery.
True
False

Liquid water does not change in temperature very easily because it has a high specific heat.
True
False

A laser produces light that .
is incoherent
has many different colors
is coherent
has many different wavelengths

What type of friction is present between your bike tires and the road?
sliding
rolling
fluid
static

Work is done when a force causes an object to not move a distance.
True
False

Particles of what type of material do not allow light to transmit through it?
opaque
translucent
transparent

The left side of the battery symbol represents the negative terminal.
True
False

What is the SI unit for measuring pressure?
Newton
PSI
Pascal
Ampere
Grade 8Motion in Two- and Three-Dimensions

The speed of a reaction at one moment in time is called its .
net rate
average rate
reverse reaction
instantaneous rate

What does the A in the circle best represent in the circuit schematic?
a device that lights up in the circuit

a device that resists electrical current
a device that opens or closes the electrical circuit
a device that measures the electric current of the circuit

Sir Isaac Newton was born in .
UK
Ireland
USA

The principle that energy becomes more disordered and loses its ability to do work is known as .
sequestration
diffusion
entropy
order

What part of your ear do sound waves travel through?
ear canal
eardrum
ear lobe
cochlea

Which part of your ear sends the message to your brain that you’ve heard a sound?
The outermost part of your ear
The vibrating eardrum
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup located in your middle ear
The hair like structures in the cochlea that are attached to nerve cells
A small battery (cell) can be used to light a single Christmas tree light.
True
False

If you place a paper cup filled with water over an open flame, the cup will burn up.
True
False

An magnet that attracts certain other materials, particularly iron and steel.
True
False

Albert Einstein developed his Theory of Relativity while riding a bus and looking back at a clock tower.
True
False

Sounds with frequencies below the range of human hearing are called .
Infrasound
Resonance
Ultrasound
Sonar

Which distances should be divided in order to calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of the lever shown?
BABCBABC
BCBABCBA
ACBAACBA
BAAC
The diagram represents a parallel circuit.
True
False

Which statement is true about this symbol when used in a circuit drawing?
The switch is open and electricity can flow through the circuit.
The switch is open and electricity cannot flow through the circuit.
The switch is closed and electricity can flow through the circuit.
The switch is closed and electricity cannot flow through the circuit.

What causes the ocean water to be so blue in color?
The Sun reflects the color of the sky off the ocean water.
The bottom of the ocean floor is blue and that's what we see through the water.
The ocean absorbs only blue colors from the Sun.

White light is made of the spectral colors. The rainbow colors appear when light passes through water droplets.
True
False

A location to which you compare other locations is called the .
stopping point
reference point
position
distance

The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time (usually per second) is called
its frequency .

In order for electric charges to flow through a wire, there must be an "electrical pressure" to push it. This is measured
by Voltage .
The inertia of an object is closely related to its .
mass
velocity
force
friction

The SI unit for measuring the frequency of a wave is the hertz .
Grade 8Matter
These elements don't react violently.
alkali metals
transitional
alkaline metals
none of the above

Once Einstein knew what he needed to do/study to prove his theory of special relativity, the results came rather quickly.
True
False

Russ is using a lever to lift a box. The lever has an ideal mechanical advantage of 6 and is set up as shown. If the distance
from the fulcrum to the load is 60 cm, what is the distance from the fulcrum to the effort force?
3.6 cm
3.6 m
10 cm
10 m

Skydiving and swimming are examples of what type of friction?
rolling
fluid
static
sliding

Speed is always measured in kilometers per hour.
True
False

The left side of the battery symbol represents the positive terminal.
True
False

When the force exerted on a moving object is neither in the same direction nor in the opposite direction, then the
object will move in a .
straight line
it will stop moving
in a curved path
in a zig zag path

Waves tend to travel fastest through solids and tend to travel slowest through gases .

Dalton's Law states that the pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the individual pressures of the gases in
the mixture.
True
False
Grade 8Matter
When water freezes, its volume increases .
Grade 8Matter
Physical changes do not change the chemical makeup of a substance.
Metal bridges are built with expansion joints because in the summer
the hot metal evaporates.
metal contracts in the Sun.
the metal in the bridge may increase in size.
some metal can reach melting point.

Dr. Luigi Galvani conducted his famous kite experiment with lightning.
True
False

What is a set of tones arranged in a pattern that is pleasing to the ear?
noise
sound
music
timbre
is the measure of the force of gravity on an object.
Mass
Weight
Density
Equation

Match each vocabulary word in the first column with its correct definition in the second column.
__ Velocity A. The speed of an object and the
direction of its motion
__ Relative B. The product of an object's mass
Motion and velocity
__ Momentum C. The motion of an object described
by using a reference point
Grade 8Matter
List four signs that a chemical reaction or change has occurred:
1) Production of gas
2) Production of light
3) Change in temperature
4) Change in color

Conduction always produces light.
True
False

All waves transmit energy.
True
False

The diagram represents a parallel circuit.
True
False
When building an egg-crash cart, the most critical element involved with the speed of the cart is the
size of the cart.
decoration of the cart.
axle.
egg padding.

The study of how sounds interact with each other and the environment is called .
Sonar
Echolocation
Pitch
Acoustics

Opaque materials allows more light to be transmitted to the object.
True
False

The angle of reflection is the angle wherein light strikes a surface.
True
False

In a transverse wave, the trough is the lowest point.
Grade 8Physics
What kind of friction occurs as a fish swims through water?
fluid
rolling
static
sliding

When a mover puts furniture on a dolly with wheels, which type of friction is the mover using to make his job easier?
static
sliding
fluid
rolling

How can you increase friction?
make the surface rougher
make the surface smoother
use a lubricant
put wheels on the object

All electromagnetic waves have the same speed in empty space.
True
False

What would this symbol below represent in a circuit diagram?
wire
switch
battery
resistor

A single pulley is a wheel and axle over which a rope or chain is passed.
rade 8Magnetism and Electricity
This symbol would represent a single cell in a circuit diagram.
True
False

The formula for pressure is P = F/A .

Which statement is true about the circuit diagram?
It is in series and the current flows clockwise.

It is in parallel and the current flows clockwise.
It is in series and the current flows counterclockwise.
It is in parallel and the current flows counterclockwise.

In a circuit schematic, this symbol would represent a power source.
True
False
Copper is a good conductor of electricity and plastic is an insulator .

Objects like the Moon that do not give off their own light are .
nonluminous
luminescent
luminous

The speed and velocity of an object are always the same.
True
False

When two forces cancel out it is a(n) balanced force .

The ability of a material to bounce back after being disturbed is called .
density
elasticity
intensity
frequency

Which term refers to how high or low a sound seems to a person?
loudness
intensity
frequency
pitch

The medium can often affect the speed of a wave.

Food, coal, wood, petroleum, and natural gas are all forms of chemical energy .

The energy of moving particles is called kinetic energy .

A change in position is called motion .
Grade 8Matter
Physical properties can be observed and measured.

The diagram represents a series circuit.
True
False

The basic groups of musical instruments are .
stringed, electric, and percussion.
stringed, wind, and percussion.
brass, woodwind, and percussion.
acoustic, electric and percussion

A magician suddenly jerks a tablecloth out from under the dishes on a table. This best demonstrates
an action-reaction pair of forces.
that the dishes have inertia.
that gravity tends to hold the dishes securely.
that the dishes have no acceleration.
Grade 8Physics
Einstein's Theory of Relativity would require him to take on which other scientist's idea?
Galileo
Archimedes
Sir Isaac Newton
Stephen Hawking

Which of the following processes does NOT produce light?
bioluminescence
conduction
incandescence
phosphorescence
Some energy is always lost because of friction .

The reason you fly forward when the car brakes is because of inertia .

You can see your image in a shiny, flat surface because light waves bounce directly back at you and your eyes. This is an
example of
diffraction.
reflection.
refraction.
transparency.

An object traveling at a constant velocity of 100 m/s for 8 seconds has an acceleration of 0 m/s/s .

Thermal energy always flows from high temperature to low temperature.

Ohm's Law states that voltage divided by current is equal to resistance.

Which representation would most likely use this symbol?
weather map
atom diagram
topographic map
circuit schematic

A car travels 110 km North, turns around and then travels another 80 km South. The final displacement of the car
is 30 km .

For velocity to change, an object must accelerate .
Grade 8Physics
The year of 1905 was called Einstein's year.
Magical Year
Miracle Year
Wonderful Year
Thoughtful Year

Velocity is measured in the same units as speed.
True
False

This symbol would represent a single cell in a circuit diagram.
True
False
Grade 8Physics
For Einstein to finally prove his Theory of Relativity, he would need to study what naturally occurring event?
Lunar Eclipse
Leap Year
Continental Drift
Solar Eclipse

Complementary colors are
colors that combine to form secondary colors.
all the colors of the rainbow.
any two colors that combine to form white light.
colors that cannot be split into component colors.

The easy way to calculate the mechanical advantage of a pulley system is to count the number of
supporting ropes .

The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance one degree per unit of mass is called
its specific heat .

Nichrome wire is used in a circuit as a resistor .

In a given medium, a wave's speed increases as its frequency increases.
True
False

As one moves away from the sound's source, the pitch of the sound goes lower due to the Doppler effect.
True
False

The idea that all matter is made of moving molecules is the kinetic theory of matter.
Using the equation from Newton's Second Law of Motion, what is the force required to accelerate a 2,000 kg
car 50ms250ms2?
40 newtons
400 newtons
10,000 newtons
100,000 newtons

Bobby ran East, then North, then West, then South, around his block at a constant speed of 2 m/s. Which of the
following statements is NOT true about Bobby's run?
Bobby's velocity changed during his run.
Bobby accelerated during his run.
Bobby's speed increased during the run.
The ground pushed on Bobby's feet with equal force that he applied to the ground.

A push or a pull on an object is called a force .

How long would it take to do 1000 joules of work with a power of 200 watts?
200,000 s
0.2 s
5s
1200 s

Thermal energy comes from the movement of molecules .

Carbohydrates are converted into Sugar which changes potential chemical energy
into mechanical energy .

A is a machine used to hold two objects together.
pulley
lever
inclined plane
screw

Sound waves that don't pass through a medium are said to be reflected.
True
False

A football player who weighs 200 lb will have greater momentum than a 160 lb player if they are both running at the
same velocity.
True
False

You travel to a city 200 km away in 2.5 hours. What is your average speed in km/hr?
180 km/hr
12.5 km/hr
80 km/hr
0.0125 km/hr

The tendency of an object to resist change in motion is called
inertia.
force.
gravity.
weight.

What is the motion of an object in a complete circle?
rotational motion
periodic motion
linear motion
velocity

What is tension?
a force that comes when you are stressed
a force that presses or squeezes something together
a force that acts to expand or lengthen the thing it is acting on

Which best describes electromagnetic energy?
moves electrons
travels through space as waves
forms chemical bonds
generates electrical energy

The graph for Boyle's Law has volume on the y-axis and pressure on the x-axis.

The measure of the pull of gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s/s .

Inertia is the property of an object that describes how much it will resist change to its motion.

What are two examples of an inclined plane?
lever and screw
screw and wedge
wedge and lever

What is a machine with a grooved wheel that holds a cable?
pulley
lever
wheel and axle
wedge

Gamma Rays have the wavelength on the electromagnetic spectrum.
craziest
shortest
longest
most purple
What is the work done by a machine on an object?
power
work input
work output
lever

Chenoa calculates that she is driving a 3000 kg vehicle at a constant velocity of 100 km/hr. She multiplies these values
together. Using this information, what did she calculate?
Momentum
Force
Acceleration
Density
Work

Large objects produces high pitches of note as it vibrates slowly.
True
False

The direction of an electric current in a circuit, is from the positive pole to the negative pole.

Radiation is the one responsible for bringing heat to the Earth.
True
False

Gamma Rays have the frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum.
highest
lowest
3rd highest
none of the above

What is convection?
Transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid
Transfer of heat from one particle to another without the movement of matter
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
A conductor
An insulator

Which of the following groups of electromagnetic waves is listed correctly in order of increasing frequency?
visible light, gamma rays, X-rays
X-rays, visible light, radio waves
radio waves, visible light, X-rays
radio waves, gamma rays, X-rays

A football in flight has 2 components of velocity, one is horizontal, the other is vertical .

The space shuttle Endeavor is launched to altitude of 500 km above the surface of the Earth. The shuttle travels at an
average rate of 700 m/s. How long will it take for Endeavor to reach its orbit? Hint:convert everything to meters.

What energy types are used in everyday life?
Kinetic energy
Electrochemical energy
Potential energy
Electric energy
Thermal energy
Chemical energy

List at least four different kinds of simple machines.

Calculate the average speed of a bicycle that travels 100 m in 20 s.

What is the attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass called?
weight
gravity
contact force
mass

North, west, up, to the left of, forward are all examples of .
motion
direction
velocity
control variable

Object A collides with Object B. Before the collision, object A had a momentum of 200 kg m/s and Object B was standing
still. After the collision, object A had a momentum of 50 kg m/s. What is the momentum of object B after the collision?
50 kg m/s
200 kg m/s
0 kg m/s
150 kg m/s

Which of the following is an example of an electromagnetic wave?
Seismic Wave
Radio Wave
Water Wave
Sound Wave

Which of the following energy transfers would be correct?
Thermal energy from a hot drink is transferred to cold hands.
Thermal energy from the refrigerator is transferred to a hot pie in the refrigerator.
An ice cube loses thermal energy to a hot cup of tea as it melts.

What is friction?
force that opposes motion
force of attraction between two objects
amount of force exerted due to gravity
rate at which an object changes motion

The energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another is
chemical energy.
electromagnetic energy.
electrical energy.
thermal energy.
What is the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that is touching called?
radiation
convection
conduction
troposphere

Amplitude is the measure of the height of a wave.

Visible light is a form of electromagnetic radiation .

The energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms is
electrical energy.
chemical energy.
electromagnetic energy.
kinetic energy.

Why is Newton's first law sometimes called the law of inertia?
Inertia is the tendency of objects to resist changes to their motion.
Inertia describes the application of force to an object at rest.
Inertia describes the applications of force to an object in motion.
Inertia is the same thing as friction.
A lens that is thicker in the middle is a Convex lens.

Mr. Robbins hiked 18 km and the trip took 6 hours. What was his average speed?
6 km/hr
3 cm/hr
3 km/hr
0.3 km/hr

If you were to roll a felt ball over a carpet, what force would act on it causing it to stop?
Friction
Gravity
Electricity

vibrate by pushing together and moving apart parallel to the direction in which the wave travels.
Trough Waves
Crest Waves
Transverse Waves
Compressional Waves

When is the velocity of an object constant?
when only its speed changes
when only its direction changes
when its speed and its direction both change
when neither its speed nor its direction change

What features determine an object's acceleration?
the forces acting on it and its size
the forces acting on it and its mass
the forces acting on it only
its weight and its mass

Which situation is an example of increasing potential energy?
a bicyclist stopping at a stop sign
a cat jumping from a tree
emptying a bucket of water
pulling a wagon uphill

What is the purpose of a simple machine?
So we can do less work
To create energy
To make work easier
To create friction

If an object has no net force acting on it, which of the following may be true?
The object is standing still.
The object is moving at a constant velocity.
The object is slowing down.
Both A and B are correct.
All of the above are correct.

Air resistance is a type of
motion.
friction.
velocity.
gravity.

What simple machine is a rigid plank that pivots or rotates about a fixed point called the fulcrum?

Which of the following is true about an apple that appears red?
It absorbs red light and reflects all others.
It reflects red light and absorbs all others.
It transmits red light and reflects all others.
It reflects red light and transmits all others.

All lenses, including the human eye, telescopes, microscopes, and corrective lenses are based on what type of wave
interaction?
reflection
transmission
scattering
refraction

Which of the following is not a form of heat transfer?
conduction
convection
transpiration
radiation

If forces are balanced, the motion of an object does not change.
True
False
The color black is due to what type of interaction between light and an object?
transmission
reflection
absorption
refraction

What is the formula for mechanical advantage?
input force divided by output force
output work divided by input work
output force divided by input force

A bottle opener is an example of what type of simple machine?
Screw
Inclined Plane
Wedge
Lever

What 2 factors affect the force of gravity?
Mass and Distance
Volume and Depth
Height and Time
Weight and Viscosity

Force = mass X acceleration

When is the potential energy the greatest in a roller coaster?
at the bottom of the first hill
at the top of the first hill
at the top of the second hill
at the bottom of the second hill

A force of 150 N is applied to a sphere which rolls 75 m. How much work has been done?
11,250 J
2J
11,250 N
2N
None of the above

A force that opposes motion is called friction.
True
False

Which is an example of potential energy?
rolling ball
stretched rubber band
bike at the bottom of a hill
bike coasting down a hill

If you apply an effort of 240 N to a simple machine with a mechanical advantage of 3, what output force will the
machine produce?
240 N
80 N
720 N
243 N

The change of speed over time.
acceleration
distance
velocity

A ray of light strikes a mirror at an angle. If the measure of the angle from the ray of light to the normal is 40 degrees,
then what will be the angle of reflection?
40 degrees
50 degrees
140 degrees
20 degrees

Energy is transformed when it changes from one type to another.
Energy is transferred when it moves from one place to another.

A car or truck moving down the highway has energy by virtue of its motion.
kinetic
potential
thermodynamic
chemical

Through which of these can sound not travel?
Wood
Water
Vacuum
Air

A plane moving at 600 m/s west is an example of .
speed
velocity
acceleration
process
Inertia is most closely tied to what property of matter?
mass
volume
gravity
normal force
pressure

Which of the following would sound most likely travel fastest through?
wooden table
glass of water
across an empty room
in space

Name the three ways that thermal energy is transferred.

What can machines NOT do?
make work easier
create more work than you put in
change your force
change the direction of your force
Which of the following is not a simple machine?
Golf Club
Ramp
Scissors
Knife Blade

Which transfers thermal energy better?
A conductor
An insulator

What type of forces do not change the motion of an object?
balanced forces
unbalanced forces
static forces
accelerating forces

What characteristic of simple machines is often expressed as a percentage?
Work
Power
Efficiency
Mechanical Advantage
Which of the following is a measure of velocity?
30 s
30 south
30 m/s
30 m/s South

In order for a fish to see a bug just above the surface of the water, light travels from the insect through the air and
crosses into the water until it reaches the fishes' eye. Which statement is true regarding the light wave as it travels?
It will bend as it hits the water because it slows down.
It will bend as it hits the water because the water particles move slower than air.
It will travel straight from the bug to the fishes' eye because that is the most direct path.
It will travel straight from the bug to the fishes' eye because it will continue to travel at the speed of light.

Jeff was riding in a car. Which change demonstrates the GREATEST effect of inertia?
The car makes a sudden stop.
The car slows down gradually.
The car changes into another lane.
The car runs out of gas and rolls to a stop.

Write Newton's Second Law of Motion.

Gamma Rays are used in .
the ripening of bananas
cancer treatment
soccer
alarm clocks
Grade 8Matter
In general, which type of matter has the molecules packed closer together?
gas
liquid
solid
plasma

Gasoline is an example of what kind of energy?
Mechanical
Chemical
Nuclear
Kinetic

The Frequency of a sound wave determines the pitch of sound.
Which is the SI symbol for force?
F
N
Fr
Mg

The volume of a gas is the result of gas particles pushing on the walls of the container.
True
False

How do you increase the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane?
Increase the height of the inclined plane.
Increase the output force.
Decrease the length of the inclined plane.
Increase the length of the inclined plane.

In a class 1 lever (like a see-saw), what happens to the load when your effort is pushing down?
It goes up.
It goes down.
It doesn't move.

What is the mechanical advantage of a single fixed pulley?
0
1
2
3

Sports shoes tend to have rough bottoms. What is the best explanation for this?
To decrease friction so you move faster
To increase friction so you can change your motion more easily
To decrease your mass so you have more momentum
To reduce gravity and make you lighter
Grade 8Matter
Explain the differences between particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas.

This occurs when there is a change in speed or direction; it is in the negative direction.
deceleration
velocity
free fall
How does a ramp make work easier?
By giving you more output work than you input
By giving you more output force than you input
By giving you less output work than you input
By changing the direction of your force

Name 2 ways that thermal energy is transferred.

Which of the following best explains why fluorescent bulbs are more efficient than incandescent bulbs?
Fluorescent bulbs use bioluminescent algae.
Fluorescent bulbs get hot faster.
Fluorescent bulbs generate light without generating a lot of waste heat.
Fluorescent bulbs have more free floating electrons to generate light.

How do you increase the Mechanical Advantage of a lever?
Move the fulcrum closer to the output force.
Move the fulcrum closer to the input force.
Increase the output force.
Put the fulcrum equal distance from the output and input forces.

Name the three ways that thermal energy is transferred.

What is the formula for calculating speed?
Velocity/time
Time/motion
Distance/time
Time/distance

Objects that vibrate with large amplitudes produce what kind of sounds?
High pitch
Quiet
Low pitch
Loud

What type of material transfers heat easily?

Acceleration is a change in velocity divided by the it takes the change to occur.
direction
time
distance
mass

Newton's First Law states that and object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by
an outside force , and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by
an outside force .

What causes a falling sky diver to slow down after the parachute opens?
gravity
friction
air resistance
the ground

It takes more force to overcome friction and get the object moving than to overcome friction.
static, kinetic
rolling, kinetic
static, Newtons
fluid, force

Ben is trying to twist a bolt into his go-cart. He is putting a lot of work into the screw, but it is not turning very much.
What would be the best way to make it more efficient?
Try the other direction
Hammer it in
Use some lubrication
Give up

In empty space, light travels about 300 million meters per second.
Grade 8Matter
The boiling point of water is degrees Celsius.
212
100
310
0

A girl pushes a box with a force of 18 N a distance of 4 m. How much work has been done?

Brant pushes a toy car with a force of 50 N. The force of friction as the car moves is 5 N. What is the net force on the
car?
55 N
45 N
50 N
10 N

Different frequencies of visual light appear to us as different colors .
Explain why if you fill up a plastic balloon with water and place the balloon under a flame the balloon does not melt or
burn.

What is the maximum distance the particles of a medium move away from their rest positions as a wave passes through
the medium?
Grade 8Matter
The change from a gas to a liquid is called
evaporation.
condensation.
melting.
sublimation.

In a skating stunt known as "crack-the-whip," a number of skaters hold hands and form a straight line. They try to skate
so that the line rotates about the skater at one end, who acts as the pivot. The skater farthest out has a mass of 80.0 kg
and is 6.10 m from the pivot. He is skating at a speed of 6.80 m/s. Determine the magnitude of the centripetal force that
acts on him.

What is the difference between a vector and a scalar quantity? Give an example of each in your answer.

What is the force that causes moving objects to slow down? Friction

Austin needs to lift a 300 N object using only 100 N of force. To accomplish this, he will need a simple machine with a
mechanical advantage of what?
3
0.3
90%
None of the above

What unit do we use to measure force?
Newton
Meter
Pascal
Joule

What is a measure of resistance in an electric circuit?
Amps
Voltage
Watts
Ohms

What class of lever changes the direction of force, and can either increase or decrease the output force depending on
the placement of the fulcrum?
Class I
Class II
Class III
None of the above

Thermal energy is transferred from a object to a object.
cooler, warmer
colder, same temperature
same temperature, warmer
warmer, cooler

Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion of an object.
True
False

A material that reflects or absorbs all the light that strikes it is
opaque.
transparent.
translucent.
concave.

How often does the tip of an hour hand on a clock have the same velocity?
once every minute
once every hour
once every 12 hours
once every 24 hours

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?
a child jumping rope
a swimmer ready to dive
a stuffed toy lying on a table
firewood stacked in a fireplace

Give 3 examples of mechanical energy.

What is a push or pull that acts on an object?
weight
mass
force
meter
Light produced by generating heat is called incandescent , while light produced without heat is
called luminescent .

Write the equation and solve (use correct units):
Calculate the speed of a swimmer who swims 150 meters in 88 seconds.

In space, Gamma Rays are created by .
supernovae (stars dying)
regions around black holes
neutron stars
all of the above
Grade 8Matter
Water freezes at degrees Fahrenheit.
0
30
32
100

On Earth, Gamma Rays are created by .
lightning
cars
computers
talking
What does a car's speedometer measure?
Speed
Velocity
Both

If a simple machine has an efficiency of 80% and you input 400 J of work, how much work will the machine output?
320 J
500 J
320 N
500 N

Sounds must have a medium to travel through.

What is a wave?
a vibration that transfers energy
disturbance that transfers energy from every place
energy disturbance
a disturbance in water
is nature's most powerful display of static electricity.
Current electricity
Lightning
Conduction
Induction

When is an object in motion?
when its distance from another object is changing
when the point of reference remains the same
only if the object is rolling
if the object has forces acting on it

Motion can be described by distance, speed, displacement, and velocity, where and also
include direction.
speed, velocity
distance, displacement
speed, displacement
displacement, velocity

is a way of carrying energy from one place to another.
Light
Sound
A wave
A ripple tank

Velocity is speed in a given direction.

Work and heat are both measured in joules .

is done when a force causes an object to move in the same direction as the force was applied.
Power
Input force
Work

How does the energy and motion of particles change as a substance is heated?
They gain more energy but less speed.
They gain more energy and more speed.
They slow down.
They gain speed, collide more, both with each other and the walls of the container which causes expansion and
temperature rise.
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that
every object in the universe attracts every other object.
an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion.
the less mass an object has, the greater its inertia.
only large planets have gravity.

A wheelbarrow, pulley, and wedge are all examples of what?
levers
inclined planes
simple machines
wheels and axles

Which of the following is a contact force?
normal force
magnetism
nuclear
gravity

is the rate at which work is done.
Work
Power
Force
Speed

Two speakers sending out sound waves toward a listener sound louder together than one. This is due to what type of
interaction?
interference
diffusion
refraction
reflection

Which of the following ALWAYS increases your force?
Type 1 lever
Type 2 lever
Type 3 lever
Type 4 lever

Change 45 degrees F. to Celsius.

Potential and kinetic are the two basic kinds of energy.
Which property of a liquid describes its resistance to flow?
plasticity
viscosity
elasticity
incompressibility

Gravitational Potential Energy is the potential energy of an object that is able to fall.

Define the following: Transparent; Translucent; Opaque

What might happen if a car tried to stop on an ice road? The car would slide. How is this
explained by friction? Ice has less friction than pavement. What would you
add to the ice to make it safer for the car to travel across it? Sand, salt, or anything
that would create more friction and heat.

The larger the mass of the object, the smaller the momentum will be.
True
False

A bicycle rider decreases his speed from 15 m/s to 5 m/s in 10 seconds. What is his rate of acceleration?
1 m/s
15ms215ms2
−5ms2-5ms2
−1ms2-1ms2

Which of the following determines the intensity of sound?
wavelength and frequency
amplitude and frequency
amplitude and distance
wavelength and distance

The distance between one crest and the other is what?
wavelength
speed
frequency
amplitude

The strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on
only the shapes of the objects.
only the masses of the objects.
only the distance between the objects.
both the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
Sample 1 has 500 grams of sodium at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Sample 2 has 100 grams of sodium at a
temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. What is true about the thermal energy of the two samples?
Sample 1 has more thermal energy.
Sample 2 has more thermal energy.
Samples 1 and 2 have equal amounts of thermal energy.
None of the above.

What carries a wave?
medium
wave
heat
rope

A wave is a disturbance that moves through matter and space and carries energy.
The frequency of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second.
The amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second is the intensity of the sound.
Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between about 400 billionths and 10 billionths of a meter
are ultraviolet waves .
The law of reflection is the angle that the incoming wave makes with the normal equals the angle
that the outgoing wave makes with the normal.
pitch is the human perception of the frequency of sound.
A transverse wave causes particles in matter to move back and forth at right angles to the direction
in which the wave travels.
The distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving with the same speed and direction is
the wavelength .
A compressional wave causes particles in matter to move back and forth along the same
direction in which the wave travels.
Repeated echoes are called reverberation .
electromagnetic waves are waves that can travel through matter or through empty space.
refraction is the change in direction of a wave when it changes speed as it travels from one material to
another.
infrared waves have wavelengths between 0.001 meters and 700 billionths of a meter.
The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic wave frequencies

and wavelengths.
Waves can change direction by diffraction which is bending of waves around an object.

Electric current passing through a wire produces .
a permanent magnet
a magnetic field around the wire
a compass
geographic poles

When a substance is heated it gains thermal energy.

Scientists use the scale to measure temperature.
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Degree
Pounds

An aircraft traveled 1,250 km in 2.5 hours. What was its velocity?

Which of the following types of EM waves carry the most energy?
Microwaves
Radio Waves
Infrared Waves
Ultraviolet Waves

The frequency of a Gamma Ray is Hz.
less than 32 to the power of 4
3.14159265359 (pi)
greater than 10 to the power of 19
exactly 1,239.7648

A soccer ball sits still on the ground until someone applies a force by kicking it. This scenario is best described by which
law of motion?
Newton's First Law of Motion
Newton's Second Law of Motion
Newton's Third Law of Motion
None of the above

Energy can never be created or destroyed; it is only from one object to another.
transferred
changed
divided
added
occurs when an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.
Velocity
Acceleration
Mass
Gravity

Nuclear energy is the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

Which of the following is true of visible light?
Its waves are used for radio broadcasts.
It is also called X-ray.
It is the largest portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Its waves hit an object and are either absorbed or reflected.

A generator converts mechanical energy to energy.
heat
electrical
radiant
chemical

Inertia increases as mass increases.

Zach applies a force of 300 N while moving a box 4 meters. How much work did he do?
0 joules
1,200 joules
1,200 newtons
75 joules

What is conduction?
Energy transfer by touch
Energy transfer by electromagnetic wave
Energy transfer by sound
Energy transfer by liquid or gas

When a teacher's voice carries out of the classroom through an open door and is heard down the hall, what type of
interaction is most likely the cause?
reflection
refraction
diffraction
infraction
Which part of the ear detects sound waves?
auditory nerves
ear drum
ear canal
outer ear

The bending of waves is called .
refraction
reflection
seismic warping
seismic moment

What is highest point of a wave called?
amplitude
trough
crest
compression

The thermal energy of an object is the sum of the and energy of all the molecules in an object.
heat, temperature
thermal, mechanical
friction, convection
kinetic, potential

If a distance-time graph shows a straight line that has a slope > 0 (it is not horizontal), what must be true about the
speed of the object?
It is moving at a constant speed.
It is not moving.
It is slowing down.
It is speeding up.

fluid
static
rolling
sliding
lifting

A boy pushes a box with a force of 12 N a distance of 5 m. How much work has been done?

Alex applies 350 N of force to move is stalled car 40 meters. How much work did Alex do?
The baseball player does 1200 J of work when hitting a baseball into left field. Assuming the baseball landed 100 meters
away from home plate, how much force did the player use to hit the ball?

Angela uses a force of 25 Newtons to lift her grocery bag while doing 50 J of work. How far did she lift the grocery bags?

If you use two difference reference points to describe the position of the same item, how will your descriptions differ?
They will always differ in distance.
They will always differ in direction.
They will differ in either distance or direction or both.
They will differ in either distance or direction but not both.

Which of these BEST describes the energy transformations in a coal-fired power plant?
Mechanical to Chemical to Electrical to Thermal
Electrical to Chemical to Mechanical to Thermal
Thermal to Chemical to Electrical to Mechanical
Chemical to Thermal to Mechanical to Electrical
Calculate the momentum of a 11.35 kg wagon rolling down a hill at 12 m/s.

Draw the Graph for Charles's Law.

What is an example of reflection?
A sound wave spreads out to travel around a corner
An echo
A straw appears bent in water
None of the above

Which of the following conditions must be met for work to be done?
A force must be applied.
There must be movement over a distance.
The direction of force and movement must be the same.
All of the above.

Where do light waves travel the fastest?
in solids
in liquids
in gases
in empty spaces

The strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on what two things?
Which is the correct equation for Newton's second law? (relationship between mass, acceleration and force)
F=ma
m=Fa
a/F=m
m=aF

If Jeremy stands at a certain position and counts the number of crests that pass by him over a certain period of time,
what is he most likely measuring?
amplitude
wavelength
speed
frequency

Describe the Law of Reflection.

What do you call a material in which electrons CANNOT move easily?
conductor
insulator
metal
static

A woman holds a 400 N weight 2 meters above the ground. How much work is being done?
0 Joules
800 Joules
200 Joules
3200 Joules

The momentum of an object depends on its mass and its .
velocity
acceleration
inertia
speed

Write the equation (use the correct units)
Find the acceleration of an automobile whose speed increases from 10 m/s to 22 m/s in 8 seconds.

What do you call a material in which electrons can move easily?
conductor
insulator
glass
static
If you measure the distance between two compression zones in a longitudinal wave, what quantity are you measuring?
frequency
wavelength
speed
amplitude

When a wave enters a new medium at an angle, what type of interaction occurs?
reflection
refraction
diffraction
infraction

Acceleration is a measure of change in velocity per unit of time .

Which of the following units are used to express mechanical advantage?
Watts
Joules
Newtons
None of the above

What simple machine is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or post?

What is the net force of →(23N)and←(16N)→(23N)and←(16N)?
What is the net force of →(14N)and←(24N)→(14N)and←(24N)?

What is the net force of →(3N)and→(10N)→(3N)and→(10N)?

Explain the difference between the way an incandescent light bulb generates light and a fluorescent light bulb generates
light. Why would a fluorescent light bulb be more efficient?

What type of current is produced by batteries?
Direct Current
Alternating Current
Shifting Current
Diverse Current

When air resistance balances the force of gravity, an object falls at a constant speed called .
normal forces
balanced forces
terminal velocity
acceleration due to gravity

In science, what is the definition of force?
A push or pull on an object
A chemical reaction
A mystical power with a light and dark side
None of the above

Isaac does 2000 J of work pushing a box of distance of 12 m. How much force did he use?
24,000 W
167 N
24,000 N
2012 N

What is the speed of a car that travels 200 meters in 25 seconds?
5000 m/s
8 m/s
0.8 m/s
0.125 m/s

Length of the route between two points is the .
protocol
liter
direction
distance

We are more prone to static electricity experiences in the winter, because the amount of in the air is low.
dryness
friction
humidity
electrostatic

Which is true about a class 2 lever?
It increases force.
It decreases force.
It changes direction of force.
All of the above.

What makes an electromagnetic wave?
Vibrations in a magnetic field
Vibrations in an electric field
Both A and B
None of the above
What is the lowest point called?
trough
amplitude
crest
compression

Energy is the ability to do work.

A wave that has a great amount of energy has a large amplitude.
True
False

How much force does an object with a mass of 100 kg need to accelerate at 18 ms2ms2?

The three temperature scales are , , and .
Kelvin, Celsius, and Einstein
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Mendeleev
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Einstein
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin

What is the mechanical advantage of a wedge that has a length of 0.08 meters and is 0.04 meters at its widest point?
0.5
0.0032
2
None of the above

A bicycle accelerates from rest to 7 m/s in 14 seconds, how much is the bicycle's acceleration?
98 m/s/s
2 m/s/s
0.5 m/s/s
1.5 m/s/s

An arrow in a bow has 70 J of potential energy. Assuming no loss of energy due to heat, how much kinetic energy will it
have after it has been shot?
140 J
70 J
50 J
35 J
Gravity is a contact force.
True
False

What two main factors affect pressure in a fluid?
Volume and Density
Volume and Depth
Depth and Density
Volume and Temperature
Grade 8Matter
The Particle Theory of Matter helps explain why fluids act the way they do. What are the five main points of the Particle
Theory of Matter?

Why do astronauts seem like they are floating in space?
Aliens are controlling their bodies
Free fall
Gravity
They are weightless

What is transmission? How is it related to scattering?

Kinetic Energy is when an object is moving the energy it possesses.

In a transverse wave, particles of the medium vibrate up and down perpendicular to the direction of the
wave.

You run 30 miles in 6 hours. What is your rate of speed? (make sure to include the formula for speed in the answer)
30/6 = 5 mph (rate=distance/time or r=d/t)

A car accelerates from 15 m/s to 30 m/s in 3.0 s. What is the car's acceleration?
10 m/s/s
25 m/s/s
15 m/s/s
5.0 m/s/s

If an object is moving with a velocity of 24ms24ms and has an acceleration of −4ms2-4ms2, how long will it take it to
stop?
-96 s
-6 s
-6 m
6s
Define gravity.

What information is required in order to measure speed?
time and distance
velocity and time
distance and velocity
momentum and time

Which of these best describes the concept of inertia?
A force that attracts objects with mass
The tendency of an object to float in water
A force created when surfaces are in contact
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Instantaneous speed is the rate at which an object is moving at a given instant in time.

Which is NOT true about a force?
always give an object motion
it is a push or a pull
occur in pairs
give energy to an object
Grade 8Matter
In the space provided below, list all six phase changes.

In which of the following mediums would waves be most likely to travel fastest?
a block of wood
liquid alcohol
helium gas
they would travel the same speed in all these

What is the quietest sound we can hear?
echo
threshold of hearing
high pitched
noise

Which of the following changes electrical energy into kinetic energy?
transformer
electric motor
generator
superconductor
What are the formulas for kinetic and potential energy each?
Name two of the three ways thermal energy is transferred.

Which of the following best describes WORK?
a force applied to an object
a force moves an object for a specific distance
when you do something that is difficult
an object is moving after you applied a force to it

If an object slows down and comes to a stop, what will its distance-time graph look like?
It will curve upward until it is nearly vertical.
It will go up and to the right, curving until it becomes a straight, horizontal line.
It will be a straight line moving up and to the right.
It will be a horizontal line that curves down to the bottom of the graph.

Most materials when their temperatures increase.
expand
contract
turn to a liquid
none of the above

Heat is the transfer of thermal energy. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the
molecules of a substance.

Thermal energy is transferred through space is called radiation . Thermal energy that is transferred by
touching is called conductive. When thermal energy causes currents of movement in fluids, they are
called convection .

A bulletin board with a number of papers pinned to it is positioned on the wall of the classroom just above a radiator.
The papers lie still against the bulletin board when the radiator is not on, but in the winter when the radiator is turned
on the papers on the bulletin board can be seen to move slightly. There is no breeze in the room and no one is touching
the bulletin board. Use your knowledge of thermal energy transfer to explain why and how the papers begin to move
after the radiators are turned on.

What is Newton's first law of motion?

The frequency and the wavelength of a sound wave determines the pitch of the sound you hear.

Whose law states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the
object?
Archimedes
Pascal
Bernoulli
Newton

Motion occurs when an object changes position relative to a reference point.
True
False

An object in motion stays in motion , or and object at rest will stay at rest until an outside force acts
upon it.

A machine can transform energy.
True
False

How much work does an elephant do while moving a circus wagon 20 meters with a pulling force of 200 N?

A 100 N force can push a block for 5 meters. Calculate the work done.

Tommy does 15 J of work to push his pencil 3 meters. How much force did he use?

Amy uses 20 N of force to push a lawn mower 10 meters. How much work does she do?

A 500 N force is applied to an object and the object travels with a velocity of 20 meters per second. Calculate the power.

Calculate the work done when a 20 N force pushes a cart 3.5 m?

Calculate the power expended when a 500 N barbell is lifted 2.2 m for 2 seconds.
Transverse waves have compressions and rarefactions.
True
False

The cell/battery is a source of electrical energy.
In a longitudinal wave, particles of the medium vibrate back and forth parallel to the direction of the
wave.

A Net Force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force.

Magnetic fields that surround all magnets exert .
the magnetic force
resistance
air pressure
electric current

The units which can align to create a magnet are called .
domains
magnetic units
molecules
electrons

According to the Law of Conservation of Momentum, the total momentum of objects that collide with each other
is before and after the collision.
different
more
less
the same

In the formula for acceleration, Si stands for .
final speed
instantaneous speed
initial speed
speed in in per second

Explain why machines are never 100% efficient.

There are how many simple machines?

What piece apparatus is used to detect animal sounds?
microphone
drums
headphones
machine

The Pythagorean theorem could be used to measure the of an object.
displacement
distance
velocity
momentum

Due to inertia , all objects resist a change in motion.

is how hard it is to stop an object.
Mass
Weight
Inertia
Momentum

In the formula for work, what does the f stand for?
friction
efficiency
force

Force is measured in units called .

If you break a magnet in two, you get
one north magnet and one south magnet.
two demagnetized pieces of metal.
two smaller magnets.
two magnets each with only one pole.

A permanent magnet is made from a material that easily loses its magnetism.
True
False

Tim wants to get a refrigerator into a moving truck. He chooses to use a ramp to accomplish the task that is 40 meters
long. If the fridge weighs 250N, what force will Tim need to use on the ramp to get the fridge into the 3m high truck
bed?

The are regions where the magnetic force exerted by a magnet is strongest.
anodes
magnetic poles
magnetic field lines
cathodes
What enables water to do work?
Gravity
Waves
Sediment
Windmills

When a liquid has a slow flow, the viscosity is high.

When a wave changes speed as it enters a new medium at an angle, it undergoes diffraction.
True
False

What is a machine?

The loudness of a sound is determined by its intensity and is measured in decibels .

A machine can change the direction of a force.
True
False

A liquid is also known as a fluid .

Define heat.

The point in a longitudinal wave where the particles are closest together is called compression . The point
where they are farthest apart is called rarefaction .

Which of the following holds waves?
rope
water
gas
all above

What effect does increasing the current flowing in the wire have on an electromagnet?
It increases the strength of the magnetic field.
It decreases the strength of the magnetic field.
It causes it to become a permanent magnet.
It has no effect on the electromagnet.

Which of the following devices produces electric current?
compass
electric fan
generator
motor

Sounds above 20,000 Hz are called ultrasound .

Human beings can hear sounds between 20 hz and 20,000 hz .

What type of material transfers heat or electricity easily?

Friction is a force that resists the motion of two surfaces that are touching.

Calculate the momentum of a ball with the mass of 10 kg going 5 m/s.

In an electromagnetic wave, the magnetic field and electric field are to each other
and to the direction the wave is traveling.
parallel; perpendicular
perpendicular; parallel
parallel; parallel
perpendicular; perpendicular

What are the 3 common scales for measuring temperature?

What do scientists call a push or a pull?
Most batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

If an object with a weight of 100 Newtons is submerged in a fluid, it displaces a volume of fluid which weighs 25
Newtons. What is the buoyant force on the object?
75 Newtons
25 Newtons
100 Newtons
None of the above

What type of spoon is it best to eat HOT soup with?
metal
plastic
it makes no difference
What is the energy of motion called?

Electromagnetic waves are made up of vibrating electric and magnetic fields.

Copper is a good conductor.
True
False

Plastic is a good insulator.
True
False

Your television converts electrical energy into light and sound energy.

All of the following are measurements used when working with a gas except
area.
volume.
temperature.
pressure.

Name two segments of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Compressing a spring, moving a rope up and down, ripples in a pond, and earthquakes are all examples
of mechanical waves .

Intensity is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave and the distance from the source.

The speed of sound depends on the medium and its temperature .

Paper is a good conductor.
True
False

What are the 2 basic types of mechanical waves?
Which of the following is not a unit of speed?
km/hr
m/s/s
cm/sec
mi/min

What is a static charge?

North poles of magnets always attract .
negative charges
positive charges
south poles
santa claus

Magnetic field lines that curve away from each other show .
where the magnetic field is strongest
a magnetic domain
repulsion
attraction

What passes from the ear drum to the cochlea?
ear drums
ear canal
auditory nerves
outer ear
An object at rest can have forces acting upon it.
True
False

What is a material called that attracts iron and materials that contain iron?
domain
aurora
magnetic field
magnet

Which of the following is an example of work being done?
Holding a heavy weight over your head
Pushing very hard against a brick wall
Using your finger to push a pencil across your desk
All of the above

What is the difference between Distance and Displacement?
When waves interact with other waves it is called interference .

Waves have more energy if they have shorter wavelengths.

What is the unit for work?
Newton
Joule
kilogram
m/s/s

flows in only one direction through a wire.
Alternating current
Direct current
Voltage
Electric current
Grade 8Physics
The 3 ways heat is transferred is through conduction , convection ,
and radiation .

Define energy.

Gravity depends on mass and Distance between objects.

For every action, there is an equal and Opposite reaction.

Name the simple machine that is described:
A wheel attached to a shaft. A doorknob is an example

An object traveling 20 m/s accelerates 5 m/s/s for 12 seconds. What is its final velocity?

The amount of magnetic declination depends on
what kind of compass you have.
what time of year it is.
the amount of natural magnets around you.
your location on Earth's surface.

A plane mirror has a(n)
curved surface.
focal point.
index of refraction equal to 1.
flat surface.

In the nuclear plants, the fuel rods heat up the water at the bottom of the tank. That water carries the heat to the top of
the tank. What is this process of heat transfer called?

The matter through which a mechanical wave travels is called the medium .

Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to travel through even though they can.

What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
What is energy?

What do you call a device that makes work easier?

North poles of magnets always attract .
negative charges
Santa Claus
other north poles
south poles

If a mechanical advantage of a machine is 1, the effort force is equal to the load force.

What is the force exerted on a machine called?

Electric and magnetic waves are Perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the wave.

The energy of the disturbance determines the amplitude of a wave.

What is static electricity?

When an object changes direction, it is accelerating.
True
False

Alternating current changes the of the current flow.
direction
amount
strength
voltage

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

Magnetic field lines
never cross.
cross at the north pole.
cross at the south pole.
cross halfway between the poles.

How much acceleration does an 100Kg object have that is being pushed along by a 5N force?

Where is the resting place in a transverse wave?

Sliding
Rolling
Static
Digital

Name 3 ways a machine can make work easier.

A is a weight suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth.
lever
pulley
displacement
pendulum

In potatoes, the stored or potential chemical energy comes from what?

What causes sound?

What is the definition of a lever?
A baseball flying through the air is an example of kinetic energy.
True
False

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Distance traveled and displacement are always the same.
True
False

What kind of simple machine is a wheelchair ramp?

When you jump up in the air, the ground exerts a force on you.
True
False

Acceleration like velocity has .

A material that shows strong magnetic properties is said to be a ferromagnetic material.
True
False

Two children pull on the same toy at the same time, yet there is no net force on the toy. How is this possible?

Name and describe three examples of how different forms of energy can be stored.

Turbines in power plants and generators spin, converting mechanical energy
into electrical energy.

List six types of contact forces.

What are 3 basic ways waves commonly interact with matter?

How much work is required to lift a 360 kg piano to a window whose height is 10 m from the ground?
Graphite is a good insulator.
True
False

How is wavelength measured in a transverse wave?

Calculate the kinetic energy of a truck that has a mass of 2900 kg and is moving
at 55 m/s.

What is the net force of a ball that weighs 12 kg that is moving at 24m/s224m/s2?

What are the three main types of kinetic friction?

Energy that can travel through space in the form of waves electromagnetic radiation

What instrument is used to measure magnetic fields?
mangnetogram
sonar
magnetometer
field generator
none of the above
What is the meaning of this symbol? Will electricity be able to flow freely throughout a circuit that includes this?

What is the difference between weight and mass?

F a force that opposes motion

Is the mechanical energy of a liter of water at the top of a waterfall greater than, the same as, or less than the
mechanical energy of a liter of water just before it reaches the bottom of the waterfall? Explain.

If a car travels 400 meters in 50 seconds, what is its velocity?
List the types of EM waves in the spectrum from lowest energy (largest wavelength) to highest energy (shortest
wavelength).

MA=fout÷finMA=fout÷fin
What does MA stand for in the formula above?

Electric current should pass through a after being transmitted by a power plant and before it enters your
home.
turbine
step-down transformer
step-up transformer
generator

One wave has half the amplitude of a second wave. The two waves interfere constructively. Draw a diagram showing
this and describe the resulting wave. Also, describe the resulting wave if two waves of equal amplitude interfere
destructively.

Sir Isaac Newton conducted an experiment by placing a beam of white light through a prism. What did he discover?

A machine can transfer forces from one place to another.
True
False

Mechanical advantage is the number of times by which a machine can increase or decrease the
effort force.

An 85-kg diver jumps from a 10-m high platform. What is the gravitational potential energy of the diver halfway down?

What is chemical energy?

Machines with a mechanical advantage greater than 1 , as in Class 1 and Class 2 levers, allow larger
loads to be moved with less effort.

What is mechanical energy?

What is the net force of ←(19N)and←(20N)←(19N)and←(20N)?
Write out Newton's Third Law of Motion.

Boyle's law states that as the pressure of a gas increases, its
volume increases.
temperatures increases.
volume decreases.
temperature decreases.

If an apple with a mass of 1.0 kg is hanging from a tree 5.0 m above the ground, what is its potential energy?
Describe the circuit below as completely as possible. Be sure to include the type of circuit the schematic represents as
well as the name and purpose of each of its parts.

As the gas in a rigid container is heated, its
pressure increases.
volume increases.
pressure decreases.
volume decreases.

What is a force?

Sound travels in air at 340 m/s at room temperature. It travels 320 m/s at 0 degrees Celsius. What conclusion can you
make about the speed of sound and temperature?

Draw a transverse wave. Label a crest, trough, wavelength, and amplitude.

Describe a way to model refraction of a wave as it enters a new medium.

A bronze statue weighs 2400 Newtons and has a base that is 4 meters by 1212 meter. What is the pressure the statue
exerts on the floor?

A mechanism is a system of moving parts that changes an input motion and force into a desired output
motion and force.

The potential energy of a swing is 250 J at its highest point and 45 J at its lowest point. If mechanical energy is
conserved, what is the kinetic energy of the swing at its lowest point?

A force is a push or pull on an object.

How long will it take an object to decrease its velocity a total of 50 m/s if it has an acceleration of -4 m/s/s?

John leaves home and rides a distance of 50 km. It took him 2.5 hours. What is his speed?

Explain how a substance with a low temperature can actually have more thermal energy than a substance with a high
temperature.

Write out Newton's First Law of Motion.

What are some ways that EM waves may interact with objects?

On a 1st class lever, what is the order of the forces and fulcrum?

Explain how wavelength could affect the frequency of a wave:

A friend tells you that a rowboat is propelled by the force of its oars against the water. First, explain whether the
statement is correct, and then identify the action and reaction forces.

A car is traveling at 30 m/s with a kinetic energy of 1200 kJ. What is its mass?

Sound is produced when matter , or moves quickly back and forth.
The term referring to the pressure applied at any point to a confined fluid being transmitted unchanged throughout the
fluid is known as who's principle?
Identify the forms that energy takes in a nuclear plant.

Even though all EM waves travel at the same speed, they may have
different frequencies and wavelengths .

When discussing sound, what do we mean by pitch?

Weight is the gravitational force exerted on an object.

What are the seven colors seen in the visible spectrum? Write them in order.

What does acceleration do?

Write the given definition for mechanical waves, then rewrite it in your own words.

When an object is placed in a fluid, the object weighs less by an amount equal to the weight of the displace fluid is
known as who's principle?

Mechanical advantage has no units.

How do you measure the wavelength of a longitudinal wave?

The gear ratio is the ratio of teeth between two gears.

A cyclist biked 20 miles in two hours, and 7 miles in the next. What was his average speed?

Which of the following is NOT an example of evaporation?
water rising into dry air that moves over the ocean
bubbles forming as water boils
wet pavement drying after a rain shower
water droplets forming on a mirror

Which of the following devices can increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current?
battery
transformer
motor
generator

What does MA stand for when being related to levers?

Whats an example of a third class lever in the arm?

When the mass of one or both objects increases, the gravitational force between them increases .

the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave

This is the equation force Centripetal force? F=mv2r
Gravity is an attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass.

Explain the Doppler effect:

The visible spectrum is the band of colors seen in a .

What is a 3rd class lever?

What is a 2nd class lever?

Power is measured in units called .

You can boil water in a paper cup over an open flame.
True
False

What do you call a device that converts thermal energy to mechanical energy?

When both of the basic wave types occur together, a surface wave is formed.
A gear train consist of two wheels or more with meshed teeth.

Are there levers in the human body?

When visible light encounters an object it may reflect or refract, but it may
also transmit or absorb .

Compare and contrast a contact force and a noncontact force.

Under normal circumstances, water boils at .
100°100° F
212°212°F
212°212° C
200°200°C

What are photons?
bundles of energy
pack of cameras
bundle of pictures
load of ducks

Velocity is the ratio of how far an object has gone in one direction to the time it took.

What is the formula for Boyle's Law?

If the mechanical advantage is less than 1 a large effort force is required to move a smaller load.

Change 131 degrees F. to C.

Work is measured in units called .
Which is harder to stop?
a slow moving massive object
a slow moving less massive object
it makes no difference

What causes the path of a projectile to be curved?
Refraction of visible light is often used in creating lenses .

In the formula for momentum, what does the p stand for?

Define refraction and give an example:

What is an example of a first class lever in the upper body?

List the six main forms of energy.

Write the formula (Use the correct units)
What is the momentum of a 16-kg bicycle traveling north at 3 m/s?

What is a 1st class lever?

What are normal forces?

What is color subtraction? Give examples to support your answer.

Two or more levers connected together is called a linkage .

If the movement caused by force is at an angle to the direction the force is applied, only the part of the force in the
direction of the motion does __.

It's time for Santa to deliver his presents. Assuming he delivers presents all over the world, he has to travel about
75,000,000 miles. If he travels East to West, he can use the time zones to make Christmas day last 31 hours. What speed,
in miles per hour, must Santa fly to get all of his presents delivered? (Round to the nearest whole number. You may use
a calculator)

A noncontact force is a force that one object can apply to another without touching it.

Explain the term speed in your own words.
When a car's speed doubles from 20 m/s to 40 m/s, by how many times does the car's kinetic energy increase?

Define reflection and give 2 common examples:

A contact force is a push or pull on one object by another that is touching it.

In which levers (2 classes) does the force multiply?
Complete the statement...Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only __.

Which one of the following is NOT considered a fluid?
oil
air
sand
liquid nitrogen

The retina in the eye is like the film in a camera.
True
False

Is it possible for the gravitational force between two 50-kg objects to be less than the gravitational force between a 50-
kg object and a 5-kg object? Explain.

What is the formula for finding MA?

Does the force change the direction on a 1st class lever?

What happens to the force in a 3rd class lever?

Change 115 degrees C. to F.

Define diffraction and give an example:

Define the wheel and axle.
What is amplitude?

A the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Explain how buoyant force is generated by objects in a fluid. Make sure you use the words depth and pressure in your
response. (You may draw a picture to help, but still must provide a written explanation.)

Whats an example of a 2nd class lever in the foot?

The velocity ratio is the distance that the effort force moves compared to the distance that the load
force moves.

Measuring from one point in space to another is called distance . To measure the area of space covered by a
two dimensional objects we use distance squared . To measure the space occupied by a three
dimensional object we use distance cubed .

the angle between an incoming wave and an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the barrier or new
medium

The attraction between objects decreases as the distance between the objects increases .

The input coil of a step-up transformer has 10 turns and its output coil has 100 turns. What is the voltage in the output
coil if the input voltage is 50 V?
500 V
5500 V
4500 V
160 V

Describe the difference between constructive and destructive interference.
If it takes 2,300 N to move a box at 23m/s223m/s2, how much does it weigh?

Change ( - 15) degrees C. to F.

How much work is done when an object is moved 15 M with a force of 45.3 N?
What can be added to reduce the friction between two surfaces?

Explain what total internal reflection is and give 2 conditions for it to occur.

C an influence that causes an object to undergo an acceleration

Draw a ray diagram to show how a converging lens is used as a magnifying glass.

What is burned in the combustion chamber inside an engine?

A 3-kg box is moved from a shelf that is 4 m off the ground to a shelf that is 2.5 m off the ground. What is its change in
GPE?

E how fast an object moves and the direction it moves

B total distance an object travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance

G an object experiences this when all the net forces acting upon equal zero

D when a free-falling object no longer accelerates

Your 30 kg dog is running at 10 m/s on the end of a 3 m leash. How hard do you have to pull on the leash to keep your
dog from running away?

A rocket moves forward when gases expelled from the rear of the rocket push it in
the opposite direction.

What two things can happen when two objects collide?

What two things can happen when two objects collide?

What Is Cathode Ray?

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Figure 1. J. J. Thomson won Nobel Prize in 1906 for discovering the elementary particle electron. Interestingly, his son G.

Properties of cathode ray particle

Figure 3. Deflection of cathode rays towards positively charged plates

In 1909, Rutherford discovered proton in his famous gold foil experiment.

Figure 5. Schematic gold foil experiment

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Heat Transfer

Grade 7Forces and Motion

The diagram shows a transverse wave.

Grade 7Heat Transfer

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Magnetism and Electricity

A. only north poles

Grade 7Waves and Sound

Grade 7Forces and Motion

A. Wave A has a greater amplitude than Wave B.

Grade 7Energy and Momentum

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Fluid Mechanics

Grade 7Fluid Mechanics

Grade 7Forces and Motion

A. It does not move.

Grade 7Waves and Sound

Grade 7Heat Transfer

Grade 7Simple Machines

Grade 7Simple Machines

Wheel radius = 169 m axle radius = 13 m

Grade 7Energy and Momentum

Grade 7Energy and Momentum

Wheel radius = 125 cm axle radius = 5 cm

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Energy and Momentum

Grade 7Waves and Sound

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Simple Machines

Grade 7Simple Machines

Grade 7Energy and Momentum

Grade 7Simple Machines

Grade 7Light and Optics

Grade 7Waves and Sound

Grade 7Waves and Sound

Grade 7Forces and Motion

A. How much work did you and your friend do together?

B. What was the power output?

Grade 7Fluid Mechanics

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Energy and Momentum

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Energy and Momentum

Grade 7Energy and Momentum

Grade 7Heat Transfer

Grade 7Heat Transfer

A. an object is moving after you applied force to it.

Grade 7Simple Machines

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Fluid Mechanics

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Forces and Motion

Grade 7Magnetism and Electricity

Which law matches the description?