Answer: The difference between expected data and the actual observed amounts is that the expected

data is what we are predicting will happen whereas the actual numbers is what actually happens.

(a) Determine the genotypes of the original parents (P generation) and explain your reasoning.

You may use Punnett squares to enhance your description, but the results from the Punnett
squares must be discussed in your answer.

XE Y

Xe XEXe XeY

Xe XEXe XeY

The parents genotypes are XEY and XeXe because with this combination, there is no way to create
the homozygous recessive genotype that would be needed to make the white eyed females and no
combination to make the wild type males.
 (b) Use a Chi-squared test on the F2 generation data to analyze your prediction of the parental
genotypes. Show all your work and explain the importance of your final answer.

(23-25)^2/25 + (31-25)^2/25 + (22-25)^2/25 + (24-25)^2/25

=.16 + 1.44 + .36 + .04

=2 df = 3

Since the X^2 of 2 is less than 7.82, then we do not reject the null hypothesis. The differences between
the expected and observed values is because of chance.

Xe Y

XE XEXe XEY
(wild (wild
female) male)

Xe XeXe XeY
(white (white
female) male)

(c) The brown-eyed female in the F1 generation resulted from a mutational

change. Explain what a mutation is, and discuss two types of mutations that might have
produced the brown-eyed female in the F1 generation.

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequences. One type of mutation is a nonsense mutation where there
are insertions or deletions of nucleotides. Another kind of mutation is a silent mutation where there has
been a change in the codons, but it does not change the gene.
GD Gd g D g d (i cant draw the chromosomes)

(b) Predict the possible phenotypes and their ratios in the offspring of a testcross between
an F1 individual and a ggdd individual.

G g

g Gg gg

g Gg gg

D d

d Dd dd

d Dd dd

there will be a green dwarf plant, a green tall plant, a purple dwarf plant, and a tall purple plant

© If the two genes were genetically linked, describe how the proportions of phenotypes of the
resulting offspring would most likely differ from those of the testcross between an F1 individual
and a ggdd individual.

The proportions would most likely differ by the green dwarfs would take more than 25% of the
offspring because it is dominant
 (a) Describe the process in eukaryotes that ensures that the number of chromosomes will
not double from parent to offspring when gametes fuse during fertilization.
During meiosis, the chromosomes separate and then there is only 1 chromosome to give to the
gametes.
(b) Explain how any one chromosome in individual 16 contains DNADNA that came
from both individuals 1 and 2.

One parent of individual 16, individuals 5, was created from 1 and 2 so they have a
chance of getting any of the DNA from 1 and 2

2:

2: Bb 4: Bb 8:bb 18: Bb

(d) Based on the pedigree, explain whether the inheritance pattern of the condition is

sex-linked or autosomal and dominant or recessive.

This condition is autosomal recessive. We know it is not dominant because on individuals 3

and 4, if it was dominant then their offspring would all be dominant.