UNIVERSITY OF GARMIAN Course name: RS

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION / KALAR Stage:4th STAGE

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY Lecture: NO.
2021 – 2022 Date:

How Aerial Photographs are taken?

Aerial photography developed rapidly in the 1930s and 1940s as a useful approach to
mapping Earth's surface. It has been the source of most information on USGS
topographic maps since then. Even the contours that show topography are derived from
stereoscopic air photos

A photograph was taken from air Station 1 covers

the EF portion of the ground, but photo Station 2
covers the JK portion of the ground.
The distance JF will appear in the photo (1 & 2)
while the Distance MK will be appearing in the
photo (2 & 3).
The Portion JF of ground known as “Overlap”
between Photos (1 & 2), Also the Portion MK is
Overlap but between Photos (2 & 3), and So on in
the Same Flight Line.

Types of Overlap:
1- End-lap (min. 50%)
2- Side-lap

Stereoscopy: The art or science of stereoscopy deals with the use of binocular vision to
achieve three-dimensional (3-D) effects.

Stereoscopic Pair of Photographs: A stereoscopic pair of aerial photographs consists of

two adjacent, overlapping photos in the same flight line.

1
UNIVERSITY OF GARMIAN Course name: RS
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION / KALAR Stage:4th STAGE
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY Lecture: NO.
2021 – 2022 Date:

2
UNIVERSITY OF GARMIAN Course name: RS
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION / KALAR Stage:4th STAGE
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY Lecture: NO.
2021 – 2022 Date:

Stereogram: If we take a stereoscopic pair of aerial photos, cut out of each photo the part
that shows the same area of interest on the ground, then correctly orient and mount
them side by side, we have a stereogram like the one in Figure below.

Stereoscope
To achieve our stereoscopic image, we use a stereoscope, which is a binocular optical
instrument that helps us view two properly oriented photographs to obtain the mental
impression of a three-dimensional model.
Most stereoscopes also magnify the images. The four
types of stereoscopes with which we will be concerned
are:
(1) the lens stereoscope,
(2) the mirror stereoscope,
(3) the scanning stereoscope, and
(4) the zoom stereoscope.