Q1.

Sol) Management principles are the statements of fundamental truth based on logic which
provides guidelines for managerial decision making and actions. Henry Fayol introduced 14
principles of management which are very famous and should be applicable to all the companies
as per the situation and demand.
The few principle of Henry Fayol’s which help to solve problem of Mr Ajay they are:
1) Unity of Command - The management principle ‘Unity of command’ means that an
individual employee should receive orders from one manager and that the employee is
answerable to that manager. If tasks and related responsibilities are given to the employee by
more than one manager, this may lead to confusion which may lead to possible conflicts for
employees. By using this principle, the responsibility for mistakes can be established more
easily.
2) Division of Work - In practice, employees are specialized in different areas and they have
different skills. Different levels of expertise can be distinguished within the knowledge areas
(from generalist to specialist). Personal and professional developments support this. According
to Henri Fayol specialization promotes efficiency of the workforce and increases productivity. In
addition, the specialization of the workforce increases their accuracy and speed. This
management principle of the 14 principles of management is applicable to both technical and
managerial activities.
3) Scalar Chain - Hierarchy presents itself in any given organization. This varies from senior
management (executive board) to the lowest levels in the organization. Henri Fayol ’s
“hierarchy” management principle states that there should be a clear line in the area of authority
(from top to bottom and all managers at all levels). This can be seen as a type of management
structure. Each employee can contact a manager or a superior in an emergency situation without
challenging the hierarchy. Especially, when it concerns reports about calamities to the immediate
managers/superiors.
4) Discipline - This principle of the 14 principles of management is about obedience. It is often a
part of the core values of a mission and vision in the form of good conduct and respectful
interactions. This management principle is essential and is seen as the oil to make the engine of
an organization run smoothly.
5) Esprit de Corps - The management principle ‘esprit de corps’ of the 14 principles of
management stands for striving for the involvement and unity of the employees. Managers are
responsible for the development of morale in the workplace; individually and in the area of
communication. Esprit de corps contributes to the development of the culture and creates an
atmosphere of mutual trust and understanding.
Q.2Soln) The 5 modern technology which will help Mr. Ajay to make the system more
productive and effective they are:-
1) Attendance Technology - Attendance technology is one of the key feature for the
organization which help us to improve the process from manual to systems which lead to less
error and time saving. The modern Employee Management and Time and Attendance software
solutions are designed to help supervisor’s better measure, analyze and manage employees’
working time, and deploy human resources more effectively. This will help oragnisation.
2) Modern Accounting - Accounting and book keeping in hardcopy books have gone the way of
the dodo in recent years! The advent of computerized accounting has made accounting simpler,
more organized and more efficient. The country are learning how to use computerized
accounting programs which will helping modern businesses stay organized, properly manage
their money, file taxes and work more efficiently. With the support of computer systems,
accounting practices are being revolutionized.
3) Leave Management Systems - A leave management system is an all-in-one platform that
handles all employee vacation requests while ensuring smooth functioning of their operations.
Leave Management Systems also help us to eliminates paperwork, removes manual
interventions, improves communication.
4) Order Processing - Effectively configured IT order-processing solutions benefit both
customers and suppliers. The technology allows faster and more accurate order processing and
makes tracking information about the orders' progress available as required. Employees record
the various stages of order fulfillment in databases and can access client records for information
about payments or problems. Replacing paper with digital technology solutions can result in
increased transparency, lower costs and higher customer satisfaction.
5) Modern Inventory method - The modern inventory method is typically defined as tracking
inventory with use of computerized system, which utilize software, scanners, barcodes, real-time
reporting, etc. Manual Inventory Method are Time Consuming, Prone to human error, No real
time reporting, Poor communication among the employee and Burdensome Paperwork this will
all get eliminated by Modern Inventory method.

Q3.a Soln):- Motivation is “the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and
persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.” Intensity is concerned with how hard a person
tries. This is the element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation. Direction is the
orientation that benefits the organisation. And persistence is a measure of how long a person can
maintain his/her effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal.
Here are the some method to motivate the employees and workers they are:-

1) Empowerment - Empowerment mainly focuses on giving employee responsibility and

decision making authority. This drives the employee to work from within as they feel recognized
in the organization. They try to achieve the target in time and try to impress the immediate boss
so that authority may increase in future.
2) Creativity and Innovation - There are various companies which don’t allow the employees
to express their creative ideas. It decreases the efficiency level of the employees. So, a company
should be flexible and allow the employees to express their ideas towards the development of the
organization.
3) Learning - Companies should conduct learning and training programs time to time.
Companies can motivate employees to achieve more by committing to perpetual enhancement of
employee skills.
4) Quality of Life - Companies should see that the quality of life of an employee is not much
affected by the working hours of the organization.
5) Monetary Incentive - Monetary incentives still holds a major place in all type of motivators.
Employees should be paid extra if they have worked more than the working hours and
periodically increment should be made in the salary. This motivates the employee to a larger
extent and induces them to achieve more targets so that they can receive more incentives from
the company side.

Q3.b Soln ):- In manufacturing and distribution, a leader is so much more than an employee that
guides and supervises staff. They are the decision-makers that have influence over productivity,
morale, and overall job satisfaction here are 5 different leadership styles.
1) Autocratic - Akin to "cracking the whip," this form of leadership style has no room for
employee input. This type of leader makes all of the decisions on the production floor, and
employees are managed through close and tight supervision.
2) Democratic - This method is also known as the "participative" style, and involves consulting
different members of a team during the decision-making process. The democratic style is useful
when team agreement matters, and would suit a general improvement program where people can
be mentored and nurtured into positions. In this way, it works for both skilled and unskilled
workers.
3) Laissez-Faire Leadership - Also known as a "pacesetting" style, this type of leadership is the
opposite of autocratic. The laissez-faire method allows workers to make decisions on their own,
and the leader only chimes in to update the team on their progress.
4) Situational Leadership - Just as it sounds, this type of leadership involves adjusting the
approach based on the situation, and the needs of the employees. This style is also known as
"affiliative," and is largely based on putting employees first. The leader must make sure they are
also working to meet the needs of the organization as well. This style is most effective when
there are situations of poor teamwork or low morale in general.
5) Coaching - This style focuses purely on helping others in their personal development. Much
like a coach, the leader is there to mentor and help team members become successful. This
leadership style works best with skilled employees who already know their weaknesses and are
receptive to constructive feedback.