TEST CODE 01207020

FORM TP 2008002 JANUARY 2008

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

zf hours

READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY

1. Answer ALL questions on this paper.

z. Use tbis answer booklet when responding to the questions. For EACH question,
write your answer in the space provided and return the answer booklet at the end
of the examination.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTJL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Copyright C1> 2006 Caribbean Examinations Council®.

All rights reserved.
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Answer ALL questions.

DO NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1.

1. A srudent plotted the graph shown in Figure I after carrying out an investigation on the effect of
temperature on the rate of enzyme reaction.

14

12
c
A
Time for 10
reaction to be
completed 8
(minutes)
6

2
B

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature °C

Figure 1. Graph sh owing the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity

(a) (i) Describe the reaction rate between points A and B, and between points B and C
in Figure 1.

Between A and B

Between B and C

(2 marks)

(ii) What is the optimum temperature for the enzyme in this reaction?

( 1 mark)

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(b) Using information in Figure l, construct in the space provided below, a table to show
the data obtained by the student in investigating the rate of enzyme re<~ction. Your table
should contain six rows of data/information.

(8 marks)

(c) (i) If the enzyme used in this investigation were amylase, describe fully the method
you would use to obtain the data for the graph. Identify the materials and
apparatus.

Materials and apparatus

Method

(ii) Identify ONE source of error in the investigation.

(7 marks)
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(d) Green papaya (paw paw) fruits may be used as a means of softening meat. The green
papaya is crushed and rubbed on the meat and then left for a few hours before cooking.

(i) What process might be taking place to soften the meat?

(1 mark)

If the crushed papaya is added to the meat while cooking bas started, the cooking time
for the meat is not significantly shorter.

(ii) Suggest why this may be so.

(2 marks)

(e) fn order to germinate, seeds also require a softening agent. In this case they are softened
by water.
(i) Suggest TWO ways in which water helps the process of germination.

(2 marks)

(ii) Apart from water, state TWO environmental conditions needed for germination.

(2 marks)
(f) Environmental conditions impact not only on germination of seeds but also on the
functioning of soil inhabitants, including microorganisms.
(i) Name TWO important groups of microorganisms whose activities are influenced
by environmental conditions.

(2 marks)

(i i) Identify ONE cycle which depends on the activities of microorganisms.

(1 mark)

(iii) Explain the importance of the microorganisms named in (f)(i) in natural cycles.

(2marks)

Total 30 marks
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2. In conducting an ecology swdy, a group of Biology srudents investigates gaseous exchange in

pond snails and in a waterweed species. The students set up five test rubes as shown in Figure
2. All tubes are filled with an indicator solution, stoppered with rubber bungs and exposed to
light for one hour.

Aluminium
foil
wrapped
aU
around
lUbe

Th~A Th~6 Th~C Th~D Th~E

Figure 2. Set up of test tubes for investigating gaseous exchange in two species

The students use the colour changes in hydrogen carbonate indicator solution as shown in Table
I to determine the carbon dioxide concentration in each tube.

TA 8 LE 1

CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION AND BICARBONATE lND ICATO R

Carbon dioxide concent rntion Colour of bicarbonate indicator solution

Same as in the air Reddish brown

Less than that in the air Purple

More than that in the air Yellow

(a) Identify ONE tube in which, afierone hour, the colour of the hydrogen carbonate indicator
becomes yellow and ONE in which the solution becomes purple. In each case explain
your answer.

Tube with yellow indicator:

Explanation:

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3. Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section through the human heart.

Figure 3. Diagram of a longitudinal section through the human heart

(a) (i) Using FOUR arrows ONLY show the direction of flow of blood into and out of
the human heart illustrated in Figure 3. (4 marks)

(ii) Name the blood vessels labelled P and Q respectively.

Bloodves~IP:, ___________________________________________

Blood ves~l Q:'----------------------------------------

(2 marks)

(iii) Some babies are born with a small opening in the wall/septum between the two
upper chambers of the heart. Suggest how tbis condition would affect the
functioning of the heart when the atria contract.

(2 marks)

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(b) Heart muscle cells obtain their requirements from blood transported in the coronary
arteries.

(i) Name TWO substances that the heart muscle cells will receive in this blood
supply.

(2 marks)

(ii) Identify ONE substance found in the blood supply that can cause the walls of
the coronary artery to thicken.

(1 mark)

{iij) How does the thickening of the coronary arterial wall nffect the heart?

(2 marks)

(c) PI am cells obtain their requirements from transport vessels with which they are associated.
Identify TWO types of transport vessels in plants and for EACH identify ONF. suhstnnce
which it transports.

Transport vessel!: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Substancetranspo~-----------------------

Transport vessel 2 = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Substance transported:_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___

{4 marks)

Total17 marks

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4. Figure4 below shows two cells undergoing cell division.

Cell division I Cell division n

Figure 4. Cell division in two cells

(a) (i) Name EACH type of cell division illusrrated in Figure 4.

Cell division I: - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - --

Cell division ll: - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- -

(2 marks)

(ii) Identify TWO differences between the processes observed in the illusrrations in
Figure 4.

(2 marks)

(iii) Name TWO specific locations in a plant where EACH type of cell division
illusiTated in Figure 4 occurs.

Cell division I:

Cell division U: - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - --
(2 marks)

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(iv) Give TWO reasons why BOTH types of cell division are important in the life
cycle of a plant.
Cell division 1:

Cell division ll:

(4 marks)

(b) After egg cells from a female rabbit had undergone one form of cell division their nuclei
were repi3Ced with nuclei from somatic (body cells) of !he rabbit. These cells produced
offspring that were identical lO lhe female rabbit.
(i) What is the name given to this process?

(1 mark)

(ii) Suggest ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of this process.

Advantage:

Disadvantage:

(2 marks)
(c) Egg cells are found in both plants and animals. Egg cells in plants are protected within
an ovule.

(i) Into what structure will the ovule develop?

(1 mark)

(ii) Name TWO features which will show that the structure you identified at (c)(i)
developed from an ovule.

(2 m ar ks)

Total 16 m arks
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S. Figure 5 below shows the nitrogen cycle.

Nitrogen in Ute
air

P
Q

Protein in plants
and animals

Nitrates in the Excretion R

so.il and egestion Death and decay

OD
Figure 5. An incompletely labeUed nitrogen cycle

(a) (i) Name the process carried out by bacteria at EACH of the stages indicated by P.
Q, Rand$.

P:

Q:

R:
S:
(4 marks)

(ii) Explain how nitrates from the soil become protein in plants and animals.

(3 marks)

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(iii) Leguminous plants have bacteria in !heir root nodules, which are involved in
!he oi1r0gen cycle. The relationship berween lhe legumes and !he bacteria is
described as mutualistic. Explain why this description is appropriate.

(Z marks)

(b) Apan from mutualism. identify TWO OTHER types of relationships !hat occur among
living organisms. Give ONE example of each relationship you identify.

Relationship:

Example:

Relationship:

Example:

(4 marks)

Total 13 marks

ENDOFTEST

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