International GCSE

Human Biology

Dr. Riyad Ahmed

01912493183

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 Answer All Questions
1 (a) The graph shows the volume of air in the lungs of a human during various stages
of breathing.

(i) State the letter which shows the vital capacity.

(1)
(ii) The tidal volume is represented by the letter D.
State what is meant by the term tidal volume and calculate its value from the graph.
(2)
(iii) State the maximum volume of air that these lungs can contain.
(1)
(iv) Give the value of the residual volume shown by letter G, and suggest what
this volume represents.
(3)
(b) The graph shows the oxygen demand before, during and after a period of exercise.

(i) State two changes that would occur in breathing between R and S.
(2)
(ii) After the period of exercise, how long did it take for the oxygen demand to
return to normal?
(1)

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 (c) Using information from the graph and your own knowledge, explain why the
oxygen demand does not return to normal immediately after exercise.
(4)
(Total 14 marks)
2 A student tests two food samples, P and Q, for protein.
(a) Here is a list of reagents.
Benedict’s Biuret ethanol iodine
Circle the reagent the student should use.
(1)
(b) The student uses this apparatus to measure 3.0 cm 3 of the reagent.

(i) Name this piece of apparatus.

(1)
(ii) State one safety precaution the student should take when measuring out the reagent.
(1)
(iii) On the apparatus, draw where the surface of the reagent should be.
(1)
(c) The results of the food tests for protein on P and Q are shown in the following table.

What conclusions may be drawn from these results?

(2)
(Total 6 marks)
3 The diagram shows a tooth and the arrangement of teeth in the upper and lower
jaws of a human.

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(a) Name the parts of the tooth labelled A, B and C.
(3)
(b) The teeth in the upper and lower jaw in the diagram are numbered from 1 to 8.
Give a number where the labelled tooth might be situated.
(1)
(c) Name a vitamin and a mineral that are necessary for teeth to grow.
(2)
(d) Explain how brushing teeth regularly can help to prevent tooth decay
(3)
(Total 9 marks)
4 Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into a sugar.
(a) (i) Name the sugar that is formed from the break down of starch by amylase.
(1)
(ii) State two places in the human body where amylase is made.
(2)
(b) A student investigated the effect of temperature on the activity of amylase.
She mixed together 10 cm 3 of a starch suspension and an equal volume of
amylase solution which had both been kept at 20 °C. She kept the mixture at 20 °C.
The student immediately took a small sample of the mixture and added it to a drop of iodine
solution. She did this every 30 seconds for five minutes and recorded the colour of the iodine
solution.
The student repeated the experiment at 30 o C, 40 o C, 50 o C, and 60 o C. The results
at the different temperatures are shown in Table 1.

The rate of reaction is calculated using the following formula.

(i) Complete Table 2 by adding in the calculated rate of reaction for the enzyme
at 30 °C and 50 °C . The other rates have been done for you.
(3)

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(ii) Explain the difference in the rate of reaction at 60 °C compared with the rate
of reaction at 40 °C.
(3)
(iii) The student concluded that the optimum temperature for amylase activity was 40 o C.
Explain why this might not be the correct conclusion.
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
5 The diagram shows a piece of apparatus that can be used to demonstrate the
breathing-in process.

(a) Name the parts of the human breathing system represented in the apparatus by A, B and C.
(3)
(b) Describe how the apparatus can be used to demonstrate breathing-in.
(2)
(c) Describe one difference between the breathing-in process demonstrated using
this apparatus and the breathing-in process of humans.
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
6 Molecules can pass between cells by diffusion, osmosis or active transport.
(a) Complete the table, which compares these three processes.
(6)

(b) Explain how temperature affects the rate of diffusion of molecules between cells.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

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7 The diagram shows the arrangement of teeth in the mouth of an adult.

(a) (i) Which of the teeth are designed to grip and tear food?
(1)
(ii) Describe how teeth A and B help with the digestion of food in the mouth.
(4)
(b) The diagram shows the top surface of a tooth found at the back of the mouth.

Suggest why teeth of this type are more likely to decay than other teeth.
(4)
(c) Name a mineral ion needed to maintain strong, healthy teeth.
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
8 The diagram shows the human respiratory system.

(a) Ciliated cells are found in the trachea.

(i) Draw a diagram of a ciliated cell.
Label the cilia, the cell membrane and the nucleus.
(4)
(ii) The smoke from cigarettes can prevent the normal functioning of cilia. Explain the
effect that this could have on the health of a person who smokes cigarettes.
(3)

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(b) (i) Cigarette smoke contains substances that are harmful to the body.
Draw a straight line from each substance to its harmful effect on the body.
(2)

(ii) Explain why the birth weight of babies born to mothers who smoke tends to
be lower than those born to mothers who are non-smokers.
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
9 (a) The diagram shows various pieces of scientific apparatus.

Complete the table with the letters P, Q, R, S, T, U or V to show which piece of

apparatus is the most suitable to use for the task shown. You may use each letter
once, more than once or not at all.

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 (b) The apparatus in this diagram can be used to compare the amount of carbon
dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air.

(i) Name solution X.

(1)
(ii) Describe how this apparatus can be used to compare the amount of carbon dioxide
in inhaled and exhaled air.
(4)
(c) The table shows the percentage composition of the main gases in inhaled and exhaled air.

(i) Complete the table by giving the percentages of nitrogen and oxygen in exhaled air.
(2)
(ii) Explain the differences in the percentage of gases in inhaled and exhaled air.
(4)
(Total 15 marks)
10 This question is about the nutritional content of two foods, X and Y.
(a) The diagram shows two burning foods, X and Y, being used to increase the
temperature of water.

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The temperature of the water in each test tube is recorded at the start of the
experiment, before the food is set alight. It is recorded again at the end of the
experiment, after the food has stopped burning.

(i) The initial mass of each food and the volume of water should be kept constant
in both experiments. Explain why these variables should be kept constant.
(2)
(ii) Which food produces the greater increase in the temperature of the water?
Show your working.
(1)
(iii) Suggest why one of the foods produces a greater increase in the temperature
of the water.
(2)
(b) (i) Describe how food X can be tested for glucose.
(3)
(ii) State two safety precautions that should be taken when testing food for glucose.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
11 An investigation is carried out to test the effect of saliva on starch.
Starch solu on is mixed with saliva in a syringe.
Test A is then carried out using drops of iodine solu on in wells on a spo ng le.
Drops of the starch solution and saliva mixture are added to a new well in the
spotting tile every two minutes.
A er 30 minutes the Benedict’s test, test B, is carried out on the remaining
contents of the syringe.
The results of both test A and test B are shown in the diagram.

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(a) (i) Which part of the human body is represented by the syringe?
(1)
(ii) State the colour of the iodine solution when a drop of the mixture from the
syringe is added to it after two minutes.
(1)
(iii) State how long it takes for no colour change to be observed in the iodine.
(1)
(iv) Explain why there is no colour change after the time you gave in your answer to (iii).
(2)
(v) Suggest a suitable control experiment that could be carried out to support your explanation.
(1)
(vi) Suggest why this experiment could be considered a health hazard in schools.
(2)
(b) (i) Describe what was done to the test tube in test B so that the contents turn brick-red.
(2)
(ii) Explain why the contents turn brick-red.
(2)
(c) The syringe is kept at 37 °C during test A.
(i) Explain why this temperature is used.
(2)
(ii) In another investigation the syringe is kept at 5 o C during test A.
Explain how the results for test A and test B at this temperature would differ
from the results at 37 o C.
(3)
(Total 17 marks)
12 (a) The diagram shows some apparatus used in an experiment.

Draw a diagram to show how this apparatus should be set up to compare the amount of
carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air.
(3)
(b) Name an indicator solution that should be used in this experiment.
(1)
© Name a piece of equipment that should be used to measure the volume of indicator solution.
(1)
(d) Explain the changes that take place in the indicator solution during the experiment.
(3)
. (e) Explain one variable that should be controlled in this experiment.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 130 MARKS

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