National 5 Biology Revision - 4

1. The diagram below shows the link between aerobic respiration and
protein synthesis.

a) Name substance A. (1)

b) Name substance B. (1)
c) Name substance C. (1)
d) Some energy released in respiration can be used for protein
synthesis. State one other cellular activity that uses energy. (1)

2. The following list contains some features of aerobic and anaerobic

respiration in germinating peas.
List

W Does not use oxygen

X Produces carbon dioxide
Y Yields 38 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule
Z Produces ethanol
Copy and complete the table below by writing the letters from the list
in the correct columns. Each letter may be used once or more than
once. Please use a ruler.

Aerobic respiration in Anaerobic respiration in

germinating peas germinating peas

(2)
3. Yeast may carry out two different types of respiration.
a) (i) Name the type of respiration in yeast which has the
highest energy yield. (1)
(ii) Name the cell structure in which this type of respiration

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 Question 3, continued
occurs. (1)
b) The diagram below shows one type of respiration in yeast cells.

CALDERSIDE ACADEMY - 2013

CURRICULUM FOR EXCELLENCE

(i) Name substance X. (1)

(ii) Name substance Y. (1)
(iii) Where in a cell does Stage 1 occur? (1)
(iv) What other substance must be present for stage 2 to occur? (1)
c) (i) Yeast cells are used in the brewing industry. Name the type of
respiration involved. (1)
(ii) Explain why yeast cells are used in the brewing industry. (1)

4. The diagram below shows the synthesis and breakdown of ATP.

a) Name substance Y. (1)

b) Name substance Z. (1)

c) Describe the importance of ATP to cells. (1)

d) Give an example of a process in a human skin cell which requires

energy from ATP. (1)

e) (i) Name the cell structure in which ATP is produced. (1)

(ii) Name the process that is responsible for the production

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 of ATP. (1)
5. The diagram shows a method used to investigate the energy content
of a variety of foods.

The rise in temperature can be used to calculate the energy content

of each food in kilojoules. The results are shown in the table.

a) State two factors, not already mentioned, that should be kept

constant for a valid comparison to be made between the foods. (2)
b) Suggest why the energy contents found in the investigation
might not have been as high as expected. (1)
c) The energy content of each food was calculated using the
following formula.
Energy content (kilojoules) = temperature rise × 0.21
Calculate the energy content of 1g of chicken, if it raised the
temperature of the water by 30 °C. (1)
d) Give one reason, other than providing heat, why cells need
energy from food. (1)
e) (i) Name the compound that the chemical energy in food is
transferred to during respiration. (1)
(ii) What type of respiration produces most of this
compound? (1)
f) Which component of food provides most energy per gram? (1)

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6. The diagram below shows an investigation into the effect of adding
three different solutions to three pieces of muscle tissue.

a) The results of the investigation are given in the table below.

(i) Calculate the percentage difference in length for muscle

tissue 3. (1)
(ii) What conclusion can be drawn from the results? (1)
b) Name the substance that accumulates in muscle cells during
anaerobic respiration. (1)
c) Where in the cell will this substance accumulate? (1)
7. a) Yeast cells have many industrial and commercial uses. The
sentences below describe some of the uses of yeast cells. Copy
and complete the sentences by choosing one option in each set
of brackets to make the following sentences correct.
Yeast cells are (fungi / bacteria) that produce (carbon dioxide/
oxygen) which makes bread rise. Yeast cells are also used in
the production of (alcohol / lactic acid).
b) Yeast cells can respire both aerobically and anaerobically.
What other term can be used for anaerobic respiration? (1)
c) How many molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of
glucose during anaerobic respiration? (1)
d) How many more efficient is aerobic respiration compared to
anaerobic respiration? (1)
e) Name the first compound that glucose is converted into during

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 respiration. (1)
8. The diagrams below represent two industrial processes, Q and R.
Each process uses a different type of cell for anaerobic respiration.

a) (i) Copy and complete the following equation for Process Q.

milk sugar bacterial cells _________________

(lactose) (1)

(ii) The milk sours and curdles and a product is made in

Process Q. Name one product that could be produced
as a result of Process Q. (1)
b) Name the cells used in Process R. (1)

9. The diagram below shows the pathway of anaerobic respiration

in human muscle tissue.

a) Name compound S. (1)

b) What would be the product(s) of this pathway in plant cells? (1)
c) How many molecules of ATP are produced during anaerobic
respiration in animal cells? (1)
d) How many molecules of ATP are produced during anaerobic
respiration in plant cells? (1)

e) Where are the enzymes controlling anaerobic respiration located?

e) (i) If the muscle cells were to start respiring aerobically,

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 what would be produced instead of compound S? (1)
(ii) Where in muscle cell does aerobic respiration occur? (1)
10. a) With reference to oxygen, explain the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (1)
b) State the number of molecules of ATP produced from the
breakdown of one molecule of glucose during each type
of respiration. (2)

c) State the end-product(s) of anaerobic respiration in:

(i) a leaf cell (1)
(ii) a human muscle cell (1)

d) The energy content of glucose is 2900 kJmol-1 and during

aerobic respiration 1178 kJmol-1 of this energy is stored in ATP.
Calculate the percentage of the energy content of glucose that
is stored in ATP. (1)

e) In which cell organelle does aerobic respiration occur? (1)

f) The quantity of ATP present in the human body remains

relatively constant yet ATP is continually being broken down.
Suggest an explanation for this observation. (1)

11. Yeast cells were grown in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and the
volume of CO2 produced was measured.

a) Calculate the average rate of CO2 production per hour

over the first 6 hours in aerobic conditions. (1)

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 b) Calculate the percentage increase in CO2 production in aerobic
conditions between 4 and 12 hours. (1)

12. The experiment shown below was set up to demonstrate aerobic

respiration in peas that are germinating (starting to grow).

After two days, the level of liquid had risen in tube Y but had not
risen in tube X.
a) Explain the purpose of A as a control in this experiment. (1)
b) Predict the effect on the level of the liquid in tube Y if a
greater mass of peas is used. (1)
c) State how many molecules of ATP are produced from one
molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration. (1)
d) In which cell structure in the peas will aerobic respiration take
place? (1)

13. The diagram below shows energy transfer within a cell.

a) Name compound X. (1)

b) Name compound Y. (1)
c) Where in a cell is compound Y synthesised? (1)
d) Suggest one cellular process referred to in the above diagram. (1)

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 e) What is the source of the energy needed to synthesise
compound Y? (1)
14. Which of the following stages in respiration would result in the
production of 38 molecules of ATP?
A glucose to pyruvate
B pyruvate to lactic acid
C pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water
D glucose to carbon dioxide and water (1)

15. The process of aerobic respiration in a muscle cell is outlined below.

a) Name product Y from Stage 1. (1)

b) What other substance must be present for Stage 2 to occur? (1)
c) ATP is formed during respiration and broken down for uses in
cells.
(i) How many molecules of ATP are formed from each
glucose molecule during Stage 1 only? (1)
(ii) How many molecules of ATP are formed from each
glucose molecule during both Stage 1 and Stage 2? (1)

d) What two molecules are produced when ATP is broken down? (1)
e) State one use of the energy released when ATP is broken down. (1)

16. During an 800 metre race, an athlete’s muscle cells may respire
anaerobically to produce ATP.
a) State one other metabolic product of anaerobic respiration in
muscle cells. (1)
b) Try to find out where in a cell anaerobic respiration occurs? (1)

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 c) (i) How many molecules of ATP would be produced during
anaerobic respiration from 12 molecules of glucose? (1)
(ii) Describe the importance of ATP to cells. (1)
d) State the product(s) of anaerobic respiration in yeast. (1)
17. The diagram below shows an outline of respiration in yeast cells.

a) Name compound R. (1)

b) Name compound S. (1)
c) Explain why the further stages of respiration cannot occur in
anaerobic conditions. (1)
d) Where in a cell would the enzymes involved in the further
stages of respiration be located? (1)
e) Apart from those shown, name another of anaerobic respiration
in yeast cells. (1)

18. The diagram drawn below shows a cell structure.

5 micrometres
a) Name this cell structure. (1)
b) (i) What important reaction occurs in the cell structure? (1)
(ii) Name the three products of this reaction. (3)
c) Cell structures are measured in units called micrometres. There
are 1000 micrometres in 1 millimetre. Calculate the length of
this cell structure in millimetres. (1)
19. After running a race an athlete experienced muscle fatigue. Which of
the following had increased in the muscles?

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 A Glucose
B Oxygen
C ATP
D Lactic acid (1)
20. The apparatus shown was used to measure how the rate of aerobic
respiration in snails is affected by temperature.

The snails were left in the apparatus for one hour and the rate of oxygen
uptake per minute was calculated. The experiment was repeated at five
different temperatures. The results are shown in the table below.

Temperature (0C) Oxygen uptake (cm3 per minute)

10 0.4
20 0.8
30 1.4
35 1.8
40 1.2

a) Collect a piece of graph paper called “Respiration in Snails”,

and then draw a line graph by:

(i) labelling the horizontal axis; (1)

(ii) putting a scale on the vertical axis; (1)
(iii) plotting the point correctly. (1)

b) Calculate the oxygen uptake per hour at 20°C. (1)

c) (i) Predict the effect on oxygen consumption by the snails if

the experiment was repeated at 45°C. (1)
(ii) Give an explanation of your answer. (1)

d) Calculate the percentage increase in oxygen uptake between

10˚C and 35˚C. (1)

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 e) Calculate the average oxygen uptake per hour. (1)

f) How many molecules of ATP are produced during aerobic

respiration from one molecule of glucose? (1)
21. Yeast cells use glucose as substrate for respiration. The diagram
below summarises one type of respiration in yeast cells.

Compound X

a) Name this type of respiration. (1)

b) What compound does letter Y represents? (1)
c) Name compound X. (1)
d) Letter Z represents a compound that is produced when glucose is
broken down into compound X. Name this compound. (1)

22. The diagram below shows the main stages of aerobic respiration.

a) Name substance X. (1)

b) Name substance Y. (1)
c) Which substance shown in the diagram is the source of the
energy used to synthesise ATP? (1)
d) Copy and complete the following word equation which
represents the synthesis of ATP.

___________ + ____________ + energy ATP (1)

e) How many molecules of ATP are produced per glucose molecule
during Stage 1? (1)

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 f) How many molecules of ATP are produced per glucose molecule
during Stage 2? (1)
g) During aerobic respiration some energy is lost from the cell. In
what form is this energy? (1)
23. The diagram below shows part of an investigation into the effect
of adding three different concentrations of ATP solution to three
pieces of muscle. Equal volumes of the ATP solutions were added to
the pieces of muscle.

The results are shown in the table below.

a) Calculate the percentage decrease in length of the muscle

with 10g per litre ATP solution. (1)
b) In this experiment why is it necessary to use percentage
decrease in length in the comparison of the results? (1)
c) Explain why three different syringes should be used in this
investigation. (1)
d) Muscle cells use energy for contraction. Name one other cell
activity that uses energy. (1)
e) (i) State the source of the energy needed to synthesise
ATP. (1)
(ii) Name the cell structure where most ATP is synthesised. (1)

24. a) Name the gas that is produced during fermentation in yeast. (1)

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 b) Apart from this gas, state the other two products of
fermentation. (1)
c) Where in a cell does fermentation occur? (1)
d) Where will the enzymes controlling aerobic respiration be
(1) found within a cell?

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