DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTE

Practical file Rohit Sharma

Vcc-202 2105833
Architecture B.voc(AI&Robotics)

Topic—
--Historical timeline of architecture—
“An Architectural Style is an expression of an attitude and an idea about
the meaning of life.”
HISTORY--
Architectural history is as long as the history of humanity in general.
The parallelism of the history of architecture to human history is
justified by the social, functional, and technical aspects of buildings that
serve the best physical evidence of societal change. In the history of
architecture, it’s fascinating to understand the movements and order of
styles that have emerged over time adapting themselves to different
climates, landscapes, and cultural needs.

Timeline of architectural styles from past to present

1. Classic Architecture– 7th to 4th century BC Architectural
Styles
Classic architecture refers to the style that was predominately used in
ancient Greece and Rome, between the 7th century and 4th century
BC.
Classic Architecture is known for its symmetry, order, proportion, and
perspective surrounded by three classical orders Ionic, Doric, and
Corinthian.
The use of materials and interior details such as marble, concrete,
classic design motifs, decorative door surrounds, and broken
pediments were considered extremely desirable during this period.
M.AGRIPPA.L.F.COS TERTIVM FECIT

2. Romanesque Architecture- 1050 AD to 1170 AD

It is an architectural style of Medieval Europe, characterized by thick, heavy
piers, narrow windows, stained glass, semi-circular arches, and towers.
Several churches and Castles of the early Medieval Period were constructed
during this period as the driving force behind this style of architecture was
Christianity.
This style of architecture is significant for its unprecedented massive scale and
the introduction of vaulted roofs designed to replace fire-prone wood roofs.
Some of the notable examples of Romanesque Architecture are Santiago De
Compostela Cathedral in Spain, St. Michael’s Church, Hildesheim, and Basilica
of St. Sernin in Toulouse, France.

LESSAY ABBEY 5

3. Gothic Architecture-1100 AD to 1450 AD

Gothic Architecture was formerly named Opus Francigenum, or
“French work,” as it was discovered in the Late Middle Ages in France,
between the years 900 and 1300.
The style was influenced by Romanesque and was distinguished by its
flying buttresses and pointed arches that allowed for the high vaulted
ceilings that Gothic Architecture is known for.
The interiors of the building were lighted up with stained glass windows,
gables, colorful tapestries, trestle tables, all these decorative elements
lead to more graceful architecture. One of the most outstanding
examples of French Gothic architecture is the Notre Dame in Paris,
France, a UNESCO world heritage site

Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris

4. Renaissance Architecture- 1400 AD to 1600 AD

Renaissance emerged in the early 15th century in Italy, France, &
England taking the inspirations from Greek and Roman ideals.
This style is characterized for its perfection, focusing on symmetry,
geometry, proportion, orderly arrangement of columns, formal
landscaped gardens, use of arched openings, hemispherical domes,
vaulted ceilings, and stone flooring.
The architect known to be the father of the Renaissance is Filippo
Brunelleschi with the astonishing Florence Cathedral.

St. Peter's Basilica

5. Baroque Architecture- 1600 AD to 1755 AD

Architectural Styles
Baroque Architecture took a more dramatic approach to Renaissance
Architecture, driven by playfulness rather than rationalism. This style of
architecture portrays irregular shapes, exaggerated ornamentation,
opulent paintings, and bold contrasts.
The style features elements like domes, central towers, colonnades,
portico, and highly decorated interior details that leave a lasting effect
on the viewer Some remarkable examples of the Baroque style are the
palace of Versailles in France, St. Paul’s Cathedral in London.

St. Paul’s Cathedral in London

6. NeoClassical Architecture- 1750 AD to 1920 AD
Neoclassical Architecture is the rediscovery of Classical Greek and
Roman Architecture that flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries
Symmetry, elegant lines, uncluttered appearance, triangular pediments,
free-standing columns, balustraded balconies, pronounced cornices,
and grand-scale building distinguished this unique style of architecture.
Neoclassical is widespread as an influential style in the United States,
Great Britain, and parts of Europe.
The White House in Washington, and Belvedere Palace, Vienna are
some of the well-known examples of Neoclassical architecture.

The White House Washington

7. Art-Deco Style- 1925
Art-deco style is a part of the Art-deco movement that emerged in the
1920s and 30’s promoting the industrial arts, which spread quickly
throughout Europe and U.S.
Art-Deco buildings utilize opulent materials like stucco, decorative
glass, steel, terracotta, aluminum, and ceramics. Notable features of
this style include stepped gables, sculptured panels, ornate detailings
such as the pyramid, zigzag, cubic forms, chevron, and other geometric
shapes.
This revolutionary era created some marvelous structures like
Champs-Elysees by Auguste Perret, the first Art-Deco building, and
other iconic skyscrapers like the Chrysler Building and Empire State
Building also came up in this era.

Stoclet Palace Belgium

8. Modernism- 1917 to 1965
Modern architecture emerged in the first half of the 20th century which
brought a dramatic change both for art and architecture.
Modernism encompasses various different styles that emphasize
functionalism, purified architectural form, clean structure, lack of
ornamentation, and use of new-age materials steel, glass, and concrete
The great architects that flourished during this era include Frank Lloyd
Wright, Louis Sullivan, Mies Van De Rohe, and Le Corbusier with their
iconic structures like Falling Water, Villa Savoye, Crown Hall, Chicago,
etc.

VILLA SAVOYE

9. PostModernism- 1950
Postmodernism was a reaction against the modern approach giving
rise to a new era that reinvents historical details, extravagant forms,
and familiar motifs.
Postmodernism incorporates artistic ornamentation, asymmetry,
humor, creativity, complexity, and decorative elements as opposed to
clean purified architectural form by modernist style.
Robert Venturi was the well-known architect of this era, who challenged
Modernism in his book Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture.
Guggenheim Museum, Spain, Portland Building in Portland, SIS
Building, Thompson Centre, etc. are some of the exceptional examples
of Post-Modernism Architecture.

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM BILBAO

10. Parametricism- 1997-Present Architectural
Styles
‘Parametricism’ was coined by theorist and principal architect of Zaha
Hadid Architects, Patrik Schumacher. Parametric design is the latest
technological innovation in architecture, developed on algorithmic
equations to figure out all the possible designs with the help of modern
tools like CAD, BIM (building information modeling), and Fusion 360s.
The style goes much beyond aesthetics and theories is defined by
fluidity, blending complexity and variety drawing inspiration from nature
Renowned Architects like Frei Otto and Antoni Gaudi with their
research and theories laid the foundational stones on which the style is
being built today. Guangzhou Opera House, Galaxy SOHO by Zaha
Hadid, BMW Welt by COOP HIMMELB, etc are few phenomenal
examples of Parametric Architecture.

Phaeno Science Center

THANK YOU MAM