YFHBFH@FH KOHRATWQFN

RERWAC CFHFMACAH KARANFCFWFH KOHRWYQKRE

TAH@KFMEFH/TAYAHBFHFFH
TAH@KFMEFH/TAYAHBFHFFH KOHRWYQKRE

6. GFWF QCQC

Hfcf Troyak = Rartelekfse Emeh Oparfse Iahguh`fh @rfwfh, H`nfh`oh, Iutfk,

  Rfh``aj

Nokfse Takarmffh = Ia
I ahguh`fh @rfwfh ge Kfi. Yacifh`

  Iahg
Iahguh
uh`f
`fh
h H`nf
H`nfh`
h`oh
oh,, Iutf
Iutfk,
k, gfh
gfh Rfh`
Rfh``a
`aj
j ge Kfi.
Kfi.

@roio`fh
Hocor Kohtrfk = TI
TI.42.46/Fo.64.6/RFWKAY-OTRGFTM/KHW/46/9496

Wfh``fn Kohtrfk = 60
60 Cfrat 9496

Pfktu Tanfksfhffh = 964 Jfre Kfnahgar (0 Iunfh)

Hfcf
Hfcf Kohs
Kohsun
untf
tfh
h Taka
Takarm
rmff
ffh
h = TW
TW.. Wreg
Wregab
aboh
ohst
st KRO.
KRO. B\.
B\. Mfte
Mfte Qt
Qtfc
fcf
f

Neh`kup Takarmffh =

 Cah`ucpunkfh
Cah`ucpunkfh gfh cacpanfmfre
cacpanfmfre gftf jegrono`e sfcpfe gah`fh tfjuh tarfkjer, gokucah
gasfeh, panfksfhffh kohstrukse gfh Yewfyft OT tarcfsuk gftf pacfhtfufh, nfporfh

ehspakse saianuchyf,
saianuchyf, sestac OT, rahbfhf tehgfk gfrurft (YWG)
 Canfku
Canfkukfh
kfh pacare
pacareksf
ksffh
fh tui
tuiuj
uj iah
iahgu
guh`f
h`fh
h ge ftfs
ftfs gfh ge ifwfj
ifwfj fer
fer,, if
ifh`u
h`uhf
hfh
h
panah`kfp,, iuket tucpufh, wfguk gfh saketfrhyf, gfh nfeh-nfehhyf.
panah`kfp nfeh-nfehhyf.

 Canfkukf
Canfkukfh
h pacareksf
pacareksffh
fh gfh ume oparfse
oparfse parfnftf
parfnftfh
h jegroca
jegrocakfhe
kfhek,
k, nestrek,
nestrek, gfh sestec
sestec
pareh`ftfh gehe (ienf fgf).

 Tacareks
Tacareksffh
ffh parfnftfh
parfnftfh pacfhtfu
pacfhtfu kafcfhfh
kafcfhfh iahguh`
iahguh`fh/e
fh/ehstru
hstrucaht
cahtfse
fse gfh avfnufse
avfnufse
tarjfgfp gftf jfsen pacfhtfufhhyf.
pacfhtfufhhyf.

  Fhfneses ifhmer
ifhmer gasfeh iargfsfr
iargfsfr gftf jegrono`e
jegrono`e tarifru

 Avfnufse kafcfhfh iahguh`fh

iahguh`fh yfh` cahbfkup fspak struktur, jegronek, raciasfh, gfh
sestac oparfse iargfsfr jfsen ka`eftfh.
6
 

 Canfksfhfkfh kohsuntfse gfh`fh Ifnfe Wakhek Iahguh`fh cah`ahfe jfsen pacareksffh/

fhfneses ehstrucahtfse kafcfhfh iahguh`fh sfcpfe gah`fh panfksfhffh
panfksfhffh segfh` pnaho
Kocese Kafcfhfh Iahguh`fh (KKI).

 Caciuft nfporfh tarcfsuk kasecpunfh tahtfh` parenfku iahguh`fh gfh sfrfh tehgfk
nfhmut yfh` geparnukfh.
geparnukfh.

Ka`eftfh tarsaiut parnu getuhmfh` gfh genah`kfpe gah`fh ka`eftfh nfehhyf saparte =
 Takarmffh parsefpfh

Raianuc panfksfhffh ehspakse, kohsuntfh jfrus canfkukfh pakarmffh parsefpfh yfh`

cahbfkup fhtfrf nfeh =

 Tah`ucpu
Tah`ucpunfh
nfh gftf,
gftf, yfh` cahbfkup
cahbfkup fhtfrf
fhtfrf nfeh = gftf jegrono`
jegrono`ee tarifru,
tarifru,

gokucah gasfeh, gokucah panfksfhffh kohstrukse, gokucah OT tarcfsuk gftf

pacfht
pac fhtfuf
fufh,
h, nfp
nfporf
orfh
h ehspa
ehspakse
kse saianu
saianuchy
chyf,
f, se
sesta
stac
c OT, YWG,
YWG, gfgfh
h nfehn
nfehnfeh
feh..
Gokucah ftfu gftf gasfeh gfh kohstrukse yfh` fgf ge proyak kacuh`kehfh
sfh`ft tariftfs, gfnfc kohgese gacekefh kohsuntfh jfrus cah`ucpunkfh gftf
gfre iarif`fe suciar nfeh yfh` gfpft geparbfyf.

 Kfmefh gftf= satefp ehspakse jfrus gegfjunue gah`fh cacpanfmfre gftf yfh` fgf,
nfporf
nfporfh-n
h-nfp
fporf
orfh
h ehspa
ehspakse
kse/kf
/kfmef
mefh
h saian
saianuch
uchyf.
yf. Ien
Ienf
f ianuc
ianuc parhfj
parhfj gen
genfku
fkukfh
kfh
ehspakse, panfmfre gokucah gasfeh, kohstrukse gfh rewfyft OT.

 Gfltfrr secfk
Gfltf secfk ehspakse
ehspakse== jfrus
jfrus gesefpkf
gesefpkfh
h sabfrf
sabfrf rehbe
rehbe sasufe
sasufe iahguh`f
iahguh`fh
h yfh`

geehspakse gfh gepfjfce satefp fh``otf tec.

 Tarnah`kfpfh ehspakse yfh` jfrus geifwf sfft ehspakse fhtfrf nfeh= reh`kfsfh
gftf iahguh`f
iahguh`fh,
h, reh`
reh`kfsf
kfsfh
h nfporfh
nfporfh ehspakse
ehspakse saianuch
saianuchyf,
yf, `fcifr-`
`fcifr-`fcif
fcifr,
r,
gfltfr secfk, kfcarf, fnft ifhtu ehspakse saparte= petf ukur, taropoh`, nfcpu
sahtar, wftarpfss kaben, pfnu `aono`e, kocpfs, fnft ifbf ehstrucah, gfh nfeh-
nfeh.

 Ehvahtfresfse gfh pacareksffh tarjfgfp iahguh`fh gfh ifh`uhfh panah`kfphyf

 Tacareksffh iahguh`fh gfnfc rfh`kf ehspakse iasfr 

 Tacareksffh vesufn pfgf oiyak ge ftfs parcukffh fer gfh ge ifwfj parcukffh

 Tacareksffh kjusus
9
 

 Egahtelekfse gfh pahbftftfh cfsfnfj


Tacareksf
Tacareksffh
fh koh
kohge
gese
se gf
gfh
h luh`se
luh`se ehstr
ehstruca
ucahtf
htfseg
segah
ah`fh
`fh pacif
pacifbff
bffh
h sabfrf
sabfrf
nfh`suh`

 Kfmefh jegrono`e gfh ifhmer gasfeh

 Restac OT gfh YWG

 Avfnufse parenfku iahguh`fh

 Tah`ukurfh topo`rfle

 Ka`eftfh `aono`e

 Tacatffh setufse gfarfj `ahfh`fh wfguk

 Avfnufse tarjfgfp sanuruj lfktor pfgf iahguh`fh

Tacareks
Tacareksffh
ffh gfh ume oparfse
oparfse jfrus
jfrus genfkukf
genfkukfh
h tarjfgfp
tarjfgfp parfnftf
parfnftfh
h yfh` tarkfet
gah`fh
gah`fh kafcfhfh
kafcfhfh iahguh`f
iahguh`fh
h saparte
saparte = parfnftf
parfnftfh
h jegrocak
jegrocakfhe
fhekfn,
kfn, tahf`f
tahf`f nestrek
nestrek
ut
utfc
fcf
f gfh
gfh bfgf
bfgfh`
h`fh
fh uhtu
uhtuk
k opar
oparfs
fsee peht
pehtu
u gfh
gfh kftu
kftup,
p, se
sest
stac
ac gfh
gfh pros
prosag
agur 
ur 
pareh`ftfh ifhmer tarcfsuk kajfhgfnfh parfnftfh yfh` ge`uhfkfh, gfh nfeh-nfeh.

 Koorgehfse segfh` takhes gfh segfh` pnaho, sartf Kocese Ifnfe Iahguh`fh (KKI)
Canfksfhfkfh kohsuntfse gah`fh Ifnfe Iahguh`fh cah`ahfe jfsen pacareksffh/
fhfneses kafcfhfh iahguh`fh, canepute Regfh` Wakhes gfh Regfh` Tnaho gah`fh
Kocese Kafcfhfh Iahguh`fh (KKI).

Raianuc segeh` takhes cfupuh segeh` pnaho genfkukfh, cfkf pahyagef mfsf wfmei
canfkukfh kohsuntfse sabfrf ehtahs gah`fh KII tarjfgfp jfsen survay ge nfpfh`fh

 Tahyusuhfh nfporfh, tarcfsuk kasecpunfh parenfku iahguh`fh gfh sfrfh tehgfk

nfhmut yfh` geparnukfh
geparnukfh

Wfh``uh` Mf
Mfwfi Ko
Kohsuntfh =

 Cacfstekfh ifjwf kaiemfkfh gfh pro`rfc kasanfcftfh kohstrukse yfh`

getatfpkfh sasufe gah`fh vese gfh cese Tahyagef Mfsf

 Cacfstekfh katarsageffh
katarsageffh suciar gfyf yfh` cacfgfe uhtuk caharfpkfh RCKK

 Cah`ocuhekfsekfh paharfpfh RCKK kapfgf sanuruj pakarmf/patu`fs

2
 

 Cacfstekfh ifjwf RCKK fkfh cahbfpfe jfsen sasufe gah`fh yfh` gerahbfhfkfh

 Cacfstekfh ifjwf satefp pakarmf iarpfrtesepfse

iarpfrtesepfse gfh iarkohtreiuse
iarkohtreiuse tarjfgfp
paharfpfh RCKK sabfrf iargfyf `uhf gfh iarjfsen `uhf

 Cacprocosekfh paheh`kftfh/parifekfh RCKK sabfrf iarkasehfciuh`fh

 Cah`acifh`kfh gfh cacprocosekfh iugfyf karmf iarkasanfcftfh gfnfc

or`fhesfse

 Canehguh`e pakarmf yfh` canfporkfh tarmfgehyf kabanfkffh, ifjfyf gfh raseko

kabanfkffh kohstrukse gfre pacabftfh gfh/ftfu sfhkse nfeh

Tarahbfhffh
Tarahbfhffh Kasanfcftfh Kohstrukse pfgf Tah`ahgfnefh Oparfse

 Tah`ahgfnefh oparfse gfnfc panfksfhffh kohstrukse canepute ka`eftfh =

 Tah`anonffh kocuhekfse

 Tah`anonffh ezeh karmf kjusus

 Tah`anonffh fnft panehguh` karmf gfh fnft panehguh` gere

 Tah`anonffh neh`kuh`fh karmf

 Tah`anonffh kasajftfh karmf

 Tah`anonffh parnehguh`fh sosefn tahf`f karmf

 Tah`anonffh kasanfcftfh ehstfnfse

 Tacanejfrffh sfrfhf, prfsfrfhf, gfh parfnftfh

 Tah`fcfhfh neh`kuh`fh karmf

 Ehspakse kasanfcftfh kohstrukse

 Cfhfmacah paruifjfh

 Tah`ahgfnefh rfhtfe pfsok.

7
 

 Tah`anonffh kocuhekfse =


Trosagur ehgukse kasanfcftfh kohstrukse
- Tfgf pakarmf ifru gfh pehgfjfh

- Wfcu proyak

- Kfryfwfh

 Tahma
Tahmanfs
nfsfh
fh kasan
kasanfcf
fcftfh
tfh kohstr
kohstruks
uksee iargf
iargfsfr
sfrkfh
kfh kanocp
kanocpok
ok ka
karmf
rmf (toon
(toon iox
caateh`)

-  Fgf pakarmffh
pakarmffh yfh` iareseko
iareseko teh``e

- Tfgf pakarmffh yfh` mfrfh` genfkukfh (iarselft ehsegahten)

 Tahmanfsfh
Tahmanfsfh ifjfyf-ifjfyf kasanfcftfh kohstrukse (sflaty tfnk) genfkukfh
genfkukfh satefp
jfre

 Tahma
Tahmanfs
nfsfh
fh ucu
ucuc
c tahtfh
tahtfh`
` pah
paharf
arfpf
pfh
h kasanf
kasanfcft
cftfh
fh kohstr
kohstruks
uksee ge nfpfh
nfpfh`f
`fh
h
(@aharfn Rflaty Wfnk) Iunfhfh

 Yfpft Ceh``ufh Kasanfcftfh Kohstrukse (Paakny Rflaty Caateh`)

 Tah`anon
Tah`anonffh
ffh rfciu-rf
rfciu-rfciu,
ciu, spfhguk
spfhguk kasanfcf
kasanfcftfh
tfh kohstruks
kohstrukse,
e, gfh iahgarf
iahgarf
Kasanfcftfh Kohstrukse.

 Tah`anonffh ezeh karmf kjusus =

Tah`anonffh pakarmffh kjusus genfkukfh uhtuk pakarmffh yfh` cacarnukfh ezeh

fhtfrf nfeh =

 Takarmffh ge kateh``efh

 Takarmffh cah``uhfkfh parfhbfj

 Takarmffh pah`fh`kftfh

 Takarmffh ge rufh` tartutup tariftfs

 Takarmffh cahyanfc (geveh`)

Takarmffh geh`eh (bong work)

1
 

 Takarmffh ge ftfs fer 


Takarmffh pfhbfh`

 Takarmffh ge tacpft yfh` cah`anufrkfh pfhfs

 Takarmffh yfh` cah``uhfkfh ifjfh panagfk

 Takarmffh gah`fh cah``uhfkfh rfgeo`rfpjy (x-rfy)

 Takarmffh iarta`fh`fh
iarta`fh`fh nestrek (anabtrebfn work)

 Takarmffh pah``fnefh ftfu kagfnfcfh (axbfvfteoh work).

 Tah`anonffh Fnft Tanehguh` Gere gfh Fnft Tanehguh` Karmf

Tah`anonffh fnft panehguh` gere gfh fnft panehguh` karmf canepute =

 Tahenfefh kaiutujfh fnft panehguh` gere gfh fnft panehguh` karmf yfh` sasufe
gah`fh mahes pakarmffh gfh ifjfyf yfh` teciun

 Tahyageffh fnft panehguh` gere gfh fnft panehguh` karmf gah`fh mucnfj yfh`
cacfgfe

 Avfnufse kapftujfh tarjfgfp pah``uhffh gfh parfwftfh fnft panehguh` gere gfh
fnft panehguh` karmf

 Tanfksfh
Tanfksfhffh
ffh panftej
panftejfh
fh uhtu
uhtuk
k pakarmf
pakarmf kohs
kohstruks
truksee yfh` tarkfet
tarkfet gah`fh
gah`fh luh`se,
luh`se,
cfhlfft, pah``uhffh, parfwftfh fnft panehguh` gere gfh fnft panehguh` karmf.

 Tah`anonffh Neh`kuh`fh Karmf

Tah`anonffh neh`kuh`fh karmf canepute=

 Tah`
Tah`an
anon
onff
ffh
h ne
neh`
h`ku
kuh`
h`fh
fh ka
karm
rmf
f yf
yfh`
h` sa
saku
kurf
rfh`
h`-k
-kur
urfh
fh`h
`hyf
yf ta
targ
rger
eree ftf
tfs
s
pah`ahgfnefh gaiu, kaieseh`fh, `atfrfh, pahbfjfyffh, kufnetfs gfh kufhtetfs
ugfrf karmf, rfgefse, lfktor kecef gfh ieono`e, sartf kaiarsejfh neh`kuh`fh
neh`kuh`fh karmf

 Egahtelek
Egahtelekfse,
fse, kfneirfse
kfneirfse,, pacanej
pacanejfrff
frffh,
h, gfh pahyecpf
pahyecpfhfh
hfh fnft-fnf
fnft-fnftt pacareks
pacareksffh,
ffh,
ukur, gfh ume neh`kuh`fh karmf sasufe gah`fh katahtufh Tarfturfh Taruhgfh`fh
gfh stfhgfr yfh` iarnfku

<
 

 Tah`anonffh tftf `rfjf (jousakaapeh`) tacpft karmf yfh` sakurfh`-kurfh`hyf

targere ftfs kaiarsejfh, karfpejfh, tftf natfk, gfh sfhetfse.

 Tah`anonffh Kasajftfh Karmf

Tah`anonffh kasajftfh karmf canepute=

 Tah`anon
Tah`anonffh
ffh kasajftf
kasajftfh
h karmf
karmf gfnfc
gfnfc rfh`kf
rfh`kf cahba`f
cahba`fj
j tarmfgehy
tarmfgehyf
f sfket
sfket gfh
pahyfket fkeift karmf sartf cahbeptfkfh iugfyf jegup iarsej gfh sajft;

 Tacareksffh fwfn gfh pacfhtfufh iarkfnf kasajftfh pakarmf yfh` tarpfpfr 

ifjfyf kasajftfh ge tacpft karmf

 Tah`an
Tah`anon
onffh
ffh gf
gfh
h pa
pah`a
h`acif
cifh`f
h`fh
h ka`eft
ka`eftfh
fh kasaj
kasajftf
ftfh
h ge tacpf
tacpftt karmf
karmf yfh`
yfh`
iarselft procose, pahba`fjfh,
pahba`fjfh, pahyaciujfh,
pahyaciujfh, gfh rajfienetfse

 Tah`an
Tah`anon
onffh
ffh cfkfh
cfkfhfh
fh gfh cehucf
cehucfh
h uh
uhtuk
tuk cahmf`
cahmf`f
f kasajf
kasajftfh
tfh pa
pakar
karmf
mf,,
cahba`fj kfsus karfbuhfh, gfh cacfstekfh fsupfh `eze yfh` cacfgfe uhtuk
cfkfhfh gfh cehucfh yfh` gesagefkfh onaj pahyagef mfsf

 Tahyageffh gfh/ftfu karmf sfcf panfyfhfh kasajftfh pakarmf tarcfsuk goktar 

uhtuk cacareksf kasajftfh pakarmf

 Tah`anonffh Tarnehguh`fh Rosefn Wahf`f Karmf

Tah`anonffh parnehguh`fh sosefn tahf`f karmf canepute pahatfpfh gfh panfksfhffh

pro`rfc parnehguh`fh
parnehguh`fh sosefn tahf`f karmf sasufe gah`fh fturfh yfh` iarnfku.

 Tah`anonffh Kasanfcftfh Ehstfnfse

Tah`anonffh kasanfcftfh ehstfnfse canepute=

 Ehstfnfse kanestrekfh

 Ehstfnfse jegronek

 Ehstfnfse phaucfteb

 Ehstfnfse ifjfh ifkfr bfer 

 Ehstfnfse `fs


Ehstfnfse fer 

0
 

 Ehstfnfse protakse kaifkfrfh


Ehstfnfse kocuhekfse.

 Tacanejfrffh gfh Tarfwftfh Rfrfhf, Trfsfrfhf, gfh Tarfnftfh

Tacan
Tacanej
ejfrf
frffh
fh gf
gfh
h pa
parfw
rfwftf
ftfh
h sfr
sfrfhf
fhf,, prfsfr
prfsfrfh
fhf,
f, gf
gfh
h pa
parfn
rfnftf
ftfh
h sa
sakur
kurfh`
fh`--
kurfh`hyf canepute =

 Tahatfpfh pro`rfc gfh mfgwfn pacanejfrffh gfh parfwftfh sabfrf iarkfnf;

 Tanfksfhffh pacanejfrffh gfh parfwftfh sasufe gah`fh pro`rfc gfh mfgwfn;

 Tahyageffh parfnftfh yfh` sasufe gfh nfyfk uhtuk panfksfhffh pacanejfrffh

gfh parfwftfh

 Tah`umefh
Tah`umefh kanfyfkfh sabfrf iarkfnf tarjfgfp sfrfhf, prfsfrfhf gfh parfnftfh

 Kaiarsejfh ifrfk pakarmf, kfhteh, gfh toenat.

 Tah`fcfhfh Neh`kuh`fh Karmf

 Tah`fcfh
Tah`fcfhfh
fh neh`kuh`
neh`kuh`fh
fh karmf
karmf canepute
canepute fhtesepf
fhtesepfse
se gfh parnehgu
parnehguh`fh
h`fh tarjfgfp
tarjfgfp
fhbfcfh gfh/ftfu `fh``ufh kafcfhfh gfnfc iarif`fe iahtuk, saparte juru
jfrf gfh fhfrkesca, tehgfk krecehfn, tarcfsuk
t arcfsuk taroresca

 Tah`fcfhfh neh`kuh`fh karmf sakurfh`-kurfh`hyf targere gfre =

- Tahyageffh patu`fs pah`fcfhfh yfh` kocpatah gfh cacfgfe

- Tahyageffh pos pah`fcfhfh, pf`fr pah`fcfh proyak gfh

parfnftfh/parnah`kfpfh yfh` cacfgfe

- Rosefnesfse gfnfc rfh`kf paheh`kftfh pacfjfcfh kapfgf pakarmf

tahtfh` pahteh`hyf kafcfhfh panfksfhffh pakarmffh kohstrukse

- Koorgehfse gfh panfporfh kapfgf pejfk iarwahfh`

- Tahyageffh fksas ifhtufh kafcfhfh gfre pejfk iarwahfh`

- Kfrtu egahtetfs pakarmf.

:
 

 Ehspakse Kasanfcftfh Kohstrukse

Ehspakse kasanfcftfh Kohstrukse canepute=

 Trosagur
Trosagur ehspakse
ehspakse kasanfcf
kasanfcftfh
tfh kohstruks
kohstruksee (ehspaks
(ehspaksee jfrefh,
jfrefh, ceh``ufh
ceh``ufh,, gfh
iunfhfh)

 Trosagur saianuc parfnftfh ge`uhfkfh ( prausag probagura

probagura)

 Trosagur pacareksffh fnft panehguh` gere

9. EGAH
EGAHWELEK
WELEKFRE
FRE KARANFCF
KARANFCFWFH
WFH KOHRWYQ
KOHRWYQKRE
KRE
HO   YAKOCAHGFRE
  FRTAK
FR GARKYETRE FPFN
. WAKHER
6 Nokfse
Tatu`fs fktel
canfporkfh kohgese
Kohgese Penfyfj saketfr iahguh`fh iahguh`fh, kfrahf
f Iahguh`fh @r
@rfwfh tfhfj/ iarupf nfjfh partfhefh fktel gfh iahguh`fh
iuket = parcukecfh ge`uhfkfh uhtuk
cah`fere ere`fse
takhes gfh fer ifku
Iahguh`fh @rfwfh
caciahguh` suh`fe utfcf,
yfkhe Kfne Mah`keh` sartf
Yuteh uhtuk
iaiarfpf suh`fe yfh` naiej kaben
genfkukfh
saparte Kfne Murfh`sftref gfh
pahbftftfh tarkfet
nfeh-nfeh. Ge jener wfguk, suh`fe
cah`fner ka frfj utfrf canfnue ehlnow gfh outlnow
gfre wfguk, kfrahf
iaiarfpf gasf, yfetu Gasf
gfpft
Ruh`fe/ @rfwfh, Gasf H`airfk, Gasf
cacpah`fruje
  nacifj Kfhuh`, Gasf Wno`o Wuh``fn,
gaiet suh`fe yfh`
= Gasf Kufh`sfh, Gasf
fnerfhhyf iarfsfn
Ifhyugoho gfh Gasf Kfrfh`ture
gfre wfguk.
saianuc iarcufrf ge Nfut Mfwf.
Warnaiej gfnfc
Iaiarfpf suh`fe kaben yfh`
kohgese burfj jumfh
iar`fiuh` gah`fh fnerfh yfh`
teh``e, ftfu pfgf
iarfsfn gfre outlnow Pfguk
sfft kohgese kareh`
@rfwfh fhtfrf nfeh fgfnfj
Ruh`fe Kfne Nonah``fj, Kfne
Gacfh`fh gfh Kfne Tumoh.
 Fksas cahumu
cahumu nokfse tegfk tarnfnu
tarnfnu Genfkukfh
sunet, gekfrahfkfh cfsej iesf pah`fspfnfh
 Fksas
  genfnue gah`fh kahgfrffh rogf 7 tarjfgfp mfnfh
nokfse = (acpft). Hfcuh mfnfh fksas fksas cahumu ka
sfft cahgakfte iahguh`fh iahguh`fh
5
 

HO   YAKOCAHGFRE
  FRTAK
FR GARKYETRE FPFN
. WAKHER

jfhyf iesf ge`uhfkfh

(sftu) mfnur, uhtuk 6
kfrahf canfnue
wenfyfj partfhefh. Mfnfh fksas
cfsej iarupf mfnfh tfhfj
gah`fh iaiftufh
Tatu`fs fktel
canfporkfh kohgese
Kohgese Penfyfj saketfr iahguh`fh iahguh`fh, kfrahf
i Iahguh`fh H`
H`nfh`oh tfhfj/ iarupf parcukecfh pahguguk iahguh`fh
iuket = gfh fraf wesftf ge`uhfkfh saif`fe
sfrfhf wesftf onaj
pahguguk satacpft
 Fksas cahumu
cahumu nokfse tegfk sunet
sunet
kfrahf tegfk mfuj gfre mfnfh rfyf. Tatu`fs fktel
Mfnfh fksas cahumu nokfse canfporkfh kohgese
sugfj gfnfc kohgese fspfn gfh  mfnfh fksas,
fksas, f`fr
 Fksas
  nokfse = tegfk rusfk.
gemfh`kfu Nokfse
ifek gfpft
cah``uhfkfh fpfienf tarmfge
karusfkfh gfpft
kahgfrffh rogf 9 (guf) cfupuh sa`arf getehgfk
rogf 7 (acpft) gfnfc kohgese nfhmute
iarpfpfsfh
Penfyfj saketfr iahguh`fh
Kohgese Tatu`fs fktel
iarupf parcukecfh pfgft
b Iahguh`fh Iu
Iutfk tfhfj/ canfporkfh kohgese
pahguguk, ifjkfh jeh``f ge
iuket = iahguh`fh
gakft narah` iahguh`fh
Kogese GFR Iahguh`fh Iutfk
Tatu`fs fktel
iarupf Nfjfh Tarsfwfjfh gfh
canfporkfh kohgese
tegfk getacue suh`fe saif`fe
Ruh`fe/ iahguh`fh, kfrahf
sfnurfh fnerfh fer utfcf. Fer
  nacifj iahguh`fh
yfh` cfsuk ka Pfguk fgfnfj
= ge`uhfkfh uhtuk
gfre sfnurfh ‒ sfnurfh
cah`fere ere`fse
parsfwfjfh gfh flur ‒ flur
takhes gfh fer ifku
jumfh satacpft.
Tatu`fs fktel
Nokfse iahguh`fh saketfr 6-9
canfporkfh kohgese
kc gfre mfnfh rfyf. Kohgese mfnfh
 mfnfh fksas,
fksas, f`fr
 Fksas tanfj gefspfn, gfh gfpft genfnue
  fpfienf tarmfge
nokfse = kahgfrffh rogf 9 (guf) cfupuh
karusfkfh gfpft
rogf 7 (acpft) gah`fh kohgese
sa`arf getehgfk
iarpfpfsfh.
nfhmute
Kohgese Penfyfj saketfr iahguh`fh Tatu`fs fktel
g Iahguh`fh Rfh``aj tfhfj/ iarupf nfjfh parkaiuhfh gfh canfporkfh kohgese
iuket = targfpft mfnur karatf fpe iahguh`fh
Wegfk fgf suh`fe yfh` cah`fner
pfgf GFR gah`fh nufs yfh` Yuteh uhtuk
bukup kaben tarsaiut, sajeh``f genfkukfh
Ruh`fe/n
  wfguk jfhyf cacfhlfftkfh pahbftftfh tarkfet
acifj =
jumfh gfh rasfpfh fer gfre ehnat- ehlnow gfh outlnow

ehnat
Onajkaben yfh`
kfrahf etucfsuk
parnu ka wfguk. gfre wfguk

64
 

HO   YAKOCAHGFRE
  FRTAK
FR GARKYETRE FPFN
. WAKHER
cah`jehgfre pah``uhgunfh
nfjfh gfh canfkukfh
pah`jemfufh uhtuk cahmf`f
kasaecifh`fh fnfc gfh
cahmf`f kanastfrefh wfguk.
Nokfse Iahguh`fh Rfh``aj
gfpft genfnue kahgfrffh ifek Genfkukfh
rogf 9 (guf) cfupuh rogf 7 pah`fspfnfh
 Fksas
  (acpft). Mfnfh fksas gfnfc tarjfgfp mfnfh
nokfse =
kohgese ianuc gefspfn, gfh fksas cahumu ka
cfsej iarupf mfnfh iahguh`fh
cfkfgfc/iaiftufh.
 
9 Neh`kuh`fh
Iahguh`fh ehe cfcpu cahfcpuh` fer
pfgf kohgese horcfn saifhyfk ¶ 707.675
 mutf c2 gfh suciar fer Iahguh`fh
Iahguh`fh
@rfwfh iarfsfn gfre ehguk Ruh`fe Kfne Tatu`fs fktel
f Iahguh`fh @r
@rfwfh Mah`keh`. Iahguh`fh @rfwfh iarluh`se canfporkfh kohgese
saif`fe tfcpuh`fh fer ge cusec jumfh gfh iahguh`fh
cah`fere ere`fse takhes frafn parsfwfjfh
sanufs 6<4 Jf gfh fer ifku saiasfr <.726
ntr/gatek.
Geiuft pfgf tfjuh 6566 ‒ 6567, gah`fh
cfhlfft ere`fse sanufs 014 jf. Gfnfc kuruh
wfktu yfh` bukup nfcf ehe, iahguh`fh Tatu`fs fktel
i Iahguh`fh H`
H`nfh`oh H`nfh`oh tarbftft fgf cfsfnfj raciasfh canfporkfh kohgese
ge tuiuj iahguh`fh, yfh` wfktu etu fkfh iahguh`fh
sa`arf geparifeke gah`fh cacfsfh`
„`aocacirfha–.
Iahguh`fh Iutfk yfh` geifh`uh pfgf
tfjuh 6546 ehe carupfkfh iahguh`fh

uru`fh tfhfj 1,4

gfsfr suh`fe joco`ah, gah`fh
c, vonuca teh``e gfre
tfcpuh`fh Tatu`fs fktel
b Iahguh`fh Iu
Iutfk sfft Cukf Fer Pfguk Horcfn (An. + <2,24) canfporkfh kohgese
saiasfr 6:5,:05x642 c2 , nufsfh iahguh`fh
`ahfh`fh wfguk sfft Cukf Fer Pguk
Horcfn 69,4:<x647 c9 gfh anavfse puhbfk
iahguh`fh An.+<1,44 c.
Gfarfj Fnerfh Ruh`fe (GFR) Rfh``aj
carupfkfh kfwfsfh pahopfh` gfh
sakfne`us `raah iant uhtuk cahmf`f
kanastfrefh wfguk, gecfhf frafn sanufs 01 Tatu`fs fktel
g Iahguh`fh Rfh``aj jaktfr tarsaiut targere gfre jutfh naift, canfporkfh kohgese
jutfh naift sagfh`, frafn jutfh `uhgun, iahguh`fh
gfh ta`fnfh yfh` kocposese cfseh`-
cfseh` nufshyf gfpft genejft pfgf patf tftf
`uhf nfjfh.

 
2 Roseo-Akohoce

66
 

HO   YAKOCAHGFRE
  FRTAK
FR GARKYETRE FPFN
. WAKHER
Iargfsfrkfh
yfh` fgf pfgfpahres
YWG, fgf ifekhyf
Mucnfj pahguguk ge Kabfcftfh Ruciar
genfkukfh upgfteh`
f Iahguh`fh @r
@rfwfh saifhyfk 21,244 mewf, ge Kabfcftfh Kfneore
gftf pahres
saifhyfk 76,174 mewf
cahurut paruifjfh
 mucnfj pahguguk
pahguguk ge
ge
satefp tfjuhhyf
Iargfsfrkfh pahres
yfh` fgf pfgf
YWG, fgf ifekhyf
Mucnfj pahguguk ge Kabfcftfh Krfgahfh
genfkukfh upgfteh`
i Iahguh`fh H`
H`nfh`oh saifhyfk 7<,161 mewf, ge Kabfcftfh
gftf pahres
H`freh`fh saifhyfk <0,<42 mewf
cahurut paruifjfh
 mucnfj pahguguk
pahguguk ge
ge
satefp tfjuhhyf
Iargfsfrkfh pahres
yfh` fgf pfgf
YWG, fgf ifekhyf
Mucnfj pahguguk ge Kabfcftfh Krfgahfh genfkukfh upgfteh`
b Iahguh`fh Iu
Iutfk
saifhyfk 7<,161 mewf gftf pahres
cahurut paruifjfh
 mucnfj pahguguk
pahguguk ge
ge
satefp tfjuhhyf
Iargfsfrkfh pahres
yfh` fgf pfgf
YWG, fgf ifekhyf
Mucnfj pahguguk ge Kabfcftfh Woroj
genfkukfh upgfteh`
g Iahguh`fh Rfh``aj saifhyfk 64:,65: mewf, ge Kabfcftfh
gftf pahres
Turwogfge saifhyfk 62:,264 mewf
cahurut paruifjfh
 mucnfj pahguguk
pahguguk ge
ge
satefp tfjuhhyf
 
7 Gfcpfk Neh`kuh`fh
Tfgf puhbfk gfh panecpfj iahguh`fh Tatu`fs fktel
f Iahguh`fh @r
@rfwfh tegfk targfpft tfhgf-tfhgf par`arfkfh canfporkfh kohgese
tfhfj iahguh`fh
Tfgf puhbfk gfh panecpfj iahguh`fh Tatu`fs fktel
i Iahguh`fh H`
H`nfh`oh tegfk targfpft tfhgf-tfhgf par`arfkfh canfporkfh kohgese
tfhfj iahguh`fh
Tatu`fs fktel
Tfgf narah` iahguh`fh targfpft
b Iahguh`fh Iu
Iutfk canfporkfh kohgese
par`arfkfh tfhfj
iahguh`fh
Tatu`fs fktel
g Iahg
Iahguh
uh`f
`fh
h Rfh`
Rfh``a
`aj
j Wa
Warg
rgfp
fpft
ft pahu
pahurruhfh
uhfh ge na
nara
rah
h` je
jene
ner 
r  canfporkfh kohgese
iahguh`fh
 

69
 

62