no.. PRINCIPLES OF STEEL ESIGN “If yoo _are_left without discipline , in which. all hove. icipated “then you are ileaitinate children ‘and not sons.’ = Hebrews 12:9 L- TEMSION MEMBERS TENSILE STRENGTH a. Yielding at Grose Area (Ka) \y. Fracture or Rupture on the Etfedive Net req (he) C. Block Shear Failure: O= ln 3 P= OA|— From trength of Materials at Yielding: Pn= Oy Ag] MCP 2c] Pa= Fy Ay T at Fracture: Pa= Qu Ae faz Fy Ae : Oy 7 Fy LRFD Te Fy Load ond: ae factor Desiga Pn} b= 0.4 (Yielding) 0 = 0.45 (Tractive ) \~ ) redoction factor BASD PZ Pp 5 2=1.67 Cieldiang): DD 20 (Fade): +t ghey Factor Scanned with CamScannerLED LoRD comawArton> ay Lao a a) 1-20 41.6L 4 0.5 (Lr or S or RD we 05 | s)b2D 4o(Lro So B) + (Eo 05i)) if Léimphq 4) Lapttow 4h 40.5 (ror S of (5) 2bs Wor aL 40.25 G) 0-4) + Low 2) 0.90 4 .0€ ASD LOAD ComppAtions yD 2) Dtl =p 3)D*CLe or S.0e BR) 4) p+ 0.95 40.95 (Leon S or B) 5) Dt (0.6W or 0.78) -@)a) Dt 0a5L 4 0.95 (0.6W) $0.95 (lr or S orf) bh) D4 OA5L £0.75 (0.2e) 40.75 S ‘ 44) 0-0D + (0.6W oF OFE) D= dead load L= We load doe to ocadpyancy = roof tve load j (= snow had hr rain or ice load VW wind ‘hel ; E- eacthayake load [ceismie load eee : hg Scanned with CamScanner Af tien tt DT A VV DNV€7 Oh L chee hy Teds usally happens in acts na_tay_butas Based on the ca so Ay iG tte area of the belted gact. Figure ° ~s % Welding \uppens Sa_garts na hindi bolted co Aa is the cross ethional area mismo (\svall ly). HOLE DiaMereRs « Nominal fole = Bolt diamckee +75 Ia or Dolt diameter + 1Sk9L mm Effective Hole * Bolt diameter + F in oF Polt diameter + 3,135 mm Scanned with CamScannerno. iA (20+ 12 wm plate ic used for tension member. Ib is contecteo yo gusset plate _with 4-[bmm diameter bolt as shaun. kssume fe =An and we, Dy: ate Mfa_and_ (b= 345 MPa. a. Determine the design wtrergth tor LRFD b- Determine. the design trength for asp a Oy= AMS MPa oop Que 245 MPa | he? Ko a) Ving LRFD, aa © gelding = (§= 0-40) Daz Oy is faz 10002) = [900 mm’, Paz 2N® Mla (150mm?) = 506.08 kN y= PPn= 0-40 (B86-8% EN) > 346,42 LD Y IT ar BP fractre * (d- 0.35) ogo 41 CWI GZ ron [— 130 mrw———} dia. of hole = lomm + a(Ye in) = [6 +2.175mm = 14.5mm An= he “(20mm x nm ) ~A% mm x 12480) 044. 30mm, Scanned with CamScannerPre 35 MPa (1044-8?) Pa = 949.49) Po b Py = 0.95 (4-491) P= 264.599 kN , Pol Yietd) = A692 Wy Py (iract ue) = 264.599 En 2.573 < 949-4 «| Pas 284,973 be 4 sinaller valve it safest a. A 27% 127% X12 mm angle bac it Olnected te a gusset plate with 25mm diameter bolt as shown. The angle pac will be applied by service load; 150 KN dead load ¥ and {po kW) liye load: Ascune 75% will be dre effective et area Hh the tompited net area. Check # the angle bar will be vate in WFD ond ASO. (23 «127 2/L mm Dyr HHP —Oy=400MPa he= 0:75 An Yiz|00 kN Por = 150 Scanned with CamScannerno.. 2 H Te iy = (an (Hn) xr) Ket 5 Ag= 2.904 mm” ===> —— a) (lag LEED + a.) Pu < OPn (p204 @ yield) bat Pn= Oy hy 2 AYE MPa (2904 mm*) Pa = 420-142 k® Paz 0-4 (920.192) $Dn7 po 7 GUT. 1754 a.2) Pyé OP, (97045 @ fracture) . Pn= Ove 2 400 MPa ( he) Re 2(2404 mm? — (12% (25+ )ll 0.35 C a hes 1924. 425 mm” De : | | ! J 1 Pye doo MPa (424 425 mm) d nz 369-770 pN 5 Puz 0-98 (464-77 WW) 3 } 4 J 4 = 574.924 Wj? Snallec than Ge. FS bw fue Scanned with CamScannerS40kY < 674.328 BW o, GATE! b) Using ASD: bt) @ yielding : 2-169 Pas Pa. 1.67 Pa HOM ~ 451.9807 LF b.2) @ frachure : (272-0) pe fn = 164-77. [0c 86 5 WO La smaller 7 73 [R: Por + Pir |= for ASD fa 150 KN 4 100K * aco LY 250 ke ~ 384-5 WW oy SAFE ! Scanned with CamScannerEFFECIE WET pen (for Fracture) For Bolted Connections he a U i for Welded Connections : he? Ug att tind fge he @ Torr any type. of +encion z! 4 embers and_omd HSS with Lz 1-2 Dia P Us 1-8-5 __| Lo distance from centeoid of connected area fo the plane OF The connedion. ® foc Dates = u= lo, Coated) ‘ete fore PQ R20) U=l0 rsé “Fe LSP Cay ur0.89 I 2 oP. ‘for WERSHSW UR 0.35 \ — EArt Re rom pean $y (® toe Found USS 4 21D EL De The ( Pp U=4.0 al See pall longitudinal weld =) “Scanned with CamScannerHo 3 gitar i - = Ye d'zd-s PSG 14 29065 width Failure type tS} Wa net width Failure tye Z.¢ a7 Wo -)-Go5 LY b.2) Frackwre = 2.0 Yor Po = 452-205 2 2 faze ino OL, | Lcmalle, a) hk (29 ¥ 26-2 412-9 mm angle bar is connected +> a | quset_glate_as_ shown _in figure - Determine the design chengh, ah the ance lar a) LRFD b) ASD 14.05 a — rose TAP ge |e a y= 24g MR — Po. lL Ou= 490 MPa : Adit a - ( 19x 12-9 ) M47 Ab G62-10.3)-104 a) LRFD: Ag? 2414.45 mm” dui) @ yielding * §-0.a0 Paz : Ag 284-38 mna 7 Pe AUG ONG 35) xy CT Ginddinone Scanned with CamScannerPa=G00 LN 4.2) Fradue: $= 0-95 Paz Ouhe Ue 1 L(t Kus nol gen, ose variqnon's theorem) a 4 U2 [= laoSmm = 0.69% 36 mm (4) @ Failure Ac\i Anz 2414-35 nm? - (12-7 mm * (22.5 mm 3.135"m)) Anz 2043-276 mf @ faile 2° $ — \No = (24mm + Jo-L me - \reten [40-5 mm : " A oe mm { [0.5m — 25. 635mm (2) + Gemm) 1 . ie 4 (¢len)\ z \$24.\\6 tam” 5 2 URn = 1945 (162% Ne ott 2 4595-204 von? Smaller Grea WAS = Ano mea (1548-719 om?) ~0a) 4! Scanned with CamScannera Gs wet hd bd Eh hd b) ASD bl) Yrelds (0 2167) 2 GOK . 7 kw yo fa bo. 2) Fracture *(2 =2-0) p_ Pr — 638. 041 Jew (aot l a= 2 - pete ery, 3) 4) Determine the yominal Grength basa’ on the gross area. b) Determine. the rominal \trength lesed on the net area - assume Kez hn. Hae pts *T[o Oo oO “PL S]g X12 3)y in,dia- bolts Gen? yz 2eksi_0v= 58 ksi Galvtton : 5 - a) Pnz Dy" hg = BG ksi (tk x {2 in) [230 kips ) Pn Ou: he (oo. om , & i note: dia (hole) = y+ We” oat 6 didcere)? 0.08” oo ¢ iP Scanned with CamScannerwe eae ee ee |e A-MYWS + Kor Fracture D Nox Zin (i2" o95(2)'} = 6.406 in® + for fracture (D , a Anz Fin (Ia 3(0.875) + 2a) Anz #8125 in” ~ er Frode G2 nate Anz $C" 3(0.695) + aw + Fac) (Copree An 2 3:90625 in? * For Fracture ©. wel Bae £" (nee woe Dt 2(Yora) ae) Anz &- 021 _ta* “Yo Fracture 6) Roz $"(w"- 200.038") + Pac) Grbig) © &- 10) in An-Bint in” ao Froctute (1) Vas the smaliesk ver area. Pick fn7G.40bin” 2 Que he Wt fe =P Oo he = 56 ksi (6.406 int) Pa = BL 5Ue King) (fs sf Scanned with CamScannerBLOCK SHEAR FAILURE Scanned with CamScannerno.. WEB oF 1-shAPED FLANGE OF T-Share § Tet Be Pre Rot Pr 2. Pn = 0-6T0 hay + Ups fo Roe Prcmax) = 0- by Nav + ve Fu Ant. (pang - checking) Aw = Net deanna area Mow 2 Qos Shearing area Aw = net tensile area (es = fortor for tonite cress uniformity eld = most cases N+ 05: coped eum hear Stress Lat? 0.6 fooy £ 0-60 Fy fy, Nore: 0.6 Fo Rav Co now et ha) 0 sees eee “Tes eee eee 0.0 Fy Aqy ne.coped bean Neder a > Ubs= 0-5 a mur Le? P= bP 1 $-0.75 Tan logi_ ep", Asp! Paz Ty 5 7° DQ CHepmWG ADEA BASIS : ae oct t+ Ws Fension are ® Scanned with CamScannerno. 4. Gmpste the block shear destgh wtrongth of the Tension member shawn. The fective hale dianeter is 22.5 mm. Use ty= 248 Mfg And Fy7 400 MPa. 123 x)21K 12-7 mm 1) mus Wolve FoR AEA: uder shear * Any = 12-7 [266 -22.5(%) - 22.5(0.5) | Kre = + Nay = 2894-025 mm* hay = [RP ¥ICL > 9998-2 mm> Under tension * Arn = 12-9 (535 ~ 4022-59] Ken = 582.49 mm™ Bn = 0-GD Fudny + Fu Ant $Uss24 Pn = OGD (4oo\(2376-08S mm) + 400 (Gee-Tron) Paz @>.01| ken) Fo= 0.60 fy hay + Uns F Aat Scanned with CamScannerq) LRFD: Pat Pa = 04S (935-44) b) ASD Pat Pa = 135-844 QO Bio Yaz 467.104 KP 2) PRtennine iE the temion member _ic safe_if it is loaded by a dead [oad of 250 kh) end [hte land of [SD jw’ as shaun in the figure wath [2 mn aa bolt. The strength of the argle bar in_yielding js 246 MPa and Hts ulbmake tree ic 400 MPa, Use [27 x?27 A127 me angle, ba pore 76-+36 Scanned with CamScannerSOUTION = 21 Compute Brea>? Tp Faicoeet PREF Re tee et Grachit dA PRE Li FoR FARE 2° av = {ra freo 436- 2.5(10-49.12¢)) |(2) Kav = (940.64 585 mm fav = 1240. 4S #2 = 34819995 mm” Agy = 241% mm ~ Aye 27 Gortetas)(2) | Agu = DW mm #2 7 AC2O mm™ hot = Lrectetmr | . \UeF_ Bac? L3¥- (ibs 995) |e Ane = 501-1625 mom? Ant = 219-6945 men™ “2.2 Compste Shenc_Strorgth for Faire 4 * D.GFy Any vs 0-6 Fy Ray 0.6 (2461. 2845400) 0.Gi(ueoy24s) ooo jovo $35.53 VS Ut .089 Choose sthaller Scanned with CamScannerfoo raed 2° O.G Fa fey YS 0-6 Fy Agv IZ. 260L we 359. OSU “Tehoose smaller 2.3 Compste for Vominal Lteengths (Pa) Enyvre 4 + Yo= D-G Fy Nay + Uns Fa Ant 2 0.6 (WH-I49F)(Yoo) 4 4 (400 )lar wr2s) 1000 Joo? Daz $03. 539% Wy FLUE 2? nz 0.4 Rov Fu + Vos Fi hee = 0-6 (Ho)(IRve. 4575) 4 4 (Gro )(son 110297 7000 ood Py = 663-92 ey ECB-GL LH < 60% 5445 ———— Paz T8942 y LRED* Aw: Pu = 0-95(S%-82) = 49.005 Paz Po] = SCEIE 201 eq W Lnro test * Lono 161: Prory? 2 Pou +1-GPL Prono Por 4 Pic 212G89)t Lelie) # Hoo > 241.44 KV oe nsare ! A Scanned with CamScannerno.. WEAR LAG FACTOR. (IH DEPTH) + SECTION ELEMENTS: fl A L 3 4 5 CASE AS yy elements Gre connected UF 1.0 ex! “H Pali elemmis are bolt-ennected ., Uz 1-0 CASE 2: General Formula: =< |-& Ws |= CASE 5: Found ASS with o single conertic quset plate L = D QzyD FU=o fT pel Uz 0.60 wrortanT: UF fap cases arc ayailable 4 be used, use the LARGER value (wScP 2015 ) Scanned with CamScannerno. COMPRESSION MEMBEZS {) General_buckling B local bockling xed eso ha} a SSS Pac = Periheay » Covses tle column [eam to buckle ke pce 7 KL = mT [Ree |= tt Ve fee = WM > = By =/nn)r tI L J fal a x fudins F_gytation, r= iE (el. ert , v4 1 Pens PEF E(CA) ke Scanned with CamScannerrf Hawding PD lacklinge 9 bocklings 4 Res ryt ¢ A ie but usually n=1 oo £2, lenderness yatin Scanned with CamScannerno. Euler's crtical fucklig Chess + Fes we Enser 2010). k<200 (KLy? ved Cy Forma ic applicable for _lona columns Elastic Buckling - fr long columns Inelastic Buckling - for short columns. \(hort columns require ighee tresses for them fo pudfle. for Short columng : ee? Wey es Ce> \eundary OF dlastic ond inelastic bending Vcop wi: Coz 431 [EL fe XK then KL CG ; Fer = 0.058 Wee JE, » c when Bese «| Kee = 0.977 Fel uhee Fe= ne (ke) : WT eee eee max elieiiaeiaiiaaieiaiaat! Scanned with CamScannerno.. Valves of e (Effective length Feetor ) 4 Ke0.5 ke03 k4-0 (Jo rarelation ) ‘ons ——— LAO K2.0 Cone ~ end Acansiating) Sway Scanned with CamScannerOS OS SB SRP SPS GtaawthWH WH HHL no.. PLASTIC AvALYSIS L 1 Prope Cyt ee 2 $— Pt ts rt alte i Mg ELASTIC PWALYSTS PLASC AvaLys)S Me = -wl? Me lve = Mp € Re = Wg : im = 0.44 wht t= SL] Mo = 9. 0887 wi\* Me= Fw /iz¢ we ~ z ————— _S\ Scanned with CamScanner— = now = FIRED -E0D _Beims = ———? e | (Se = a + ‘ = — 7 HE = otk = = = f ! Wim iS ge nm — e ELASTIC. AVALYSIS ° Plastic AVALYS/s = aw < = Re Wile = My 7 Whe Maz -Mp & 44 - Me +My ce Me Me Hp = =WEfy = Me = Mp = wl a = — — eS &S & & & Scanned with CamScannerno.. CS_: po G ons user aye 7 tt le Riz bthilet < 24dt fu Scanned with CamScanner& ao fa 8 ae &! MN BWM Be BeBe Bees ee SS no.. Eccenteicaity LOADED WELDED — Conecrows 4 OTERS: i) locate te aw of the_weld goup 2) Solve spe tho? reaction due fe dhectoad (k= Ph) 3) Solve fo- the reaction due 4 moment L Ruy = T(¥) Bey = T(x) Roc =P “Ray Py aie J aU] “sh J * polac moment of inertia Je ef fete xeta yey] [ UIr a Lb: h Ce Yo Yas dstance of center of a certain weld (li ocle or Lo) to fe (4. - h an Scanned with CamScannerSWPP WEBBER BBB Eee ee eee eee SIMPLE conECTIONS ) Bolted Sheer Connection fet Or Pei a) Sime shtor b ) publ tear Le = Fy ) om) 0.) SS fe Ste 4 iv = mat : = 2.3)

2.Qrd Preferably S= 3A where” d= pominal dlamete- of hole EEE Ge Scanned with CamScanner RAMANATHAN TWDao i < Te LO. 2 1s 3) Slip-Critcal Contection vs Bearing Type Connection Tr [ tig” ic a pee WN ¢l2” je_accephable f feaaing Lick vo force yiuat not be’ exceeded [ l mean lip coelh ci ent, GLa fatio “meas jactalled bolt Dateasion to the ainimum bolt prelercina. Le hole foctoc (usual) ly b 0) 2 = Minimum festener Tension (50.3, 1) Ne = pumnler of ip planes (chear lanes } Scanned with CamScannerCombined Shear ond “Bison a : ) In Bearing —Tyx — Connections: — Fre = [oboe — Fe f < fie O few fy (Fa = \ote- Oto @] Beto) (hen check fi vet 19) c) Most cntia) Met : [River 4 (0 look fo- rivet farthest to eq. © Pick the vet funy (Gan ame ya nx yong direction ng Roy and Same. d Loy gine direcion ag Roy. 1) Piet 4: By = [26-709 -r. 002)” ¥(ISt1G IS VE Ry = 36459 EN] (not yet aw SS ee ie Scanned with CamScannerC2 = se 4904000 [im sea eT A Ef Le ear Tt Trample , g: (fe Ww refer EY Yoke 4 ” —~@ 6 fF RRR TS xf? #8 fic centioich T{/O 9 x0 &O lz = En(w) CxX= 3(0) + 2lasdri(ysv) x= 80mm Ng = 3 (©) +293) t 150) 7 = Dam @ Ye =0 fou = 180 = JIOIN > 30W 6 G aets () Po = TY BGP) but T= [ef *St9St25) ALAA Tie 31,00 Hom ane in Scanned with CamScanner CRRA ATUUTU A eeno. Eley): : x Gites: ets (SOYA 220)*4 jon™ = [872 { Y Astances « ame Zyr = 3(ao)*4 2(25)* + looY = [@50 B(x2ty2) 18950 t 9 = 37 OOM”, 80 ka a a ee tz Poy Rpx= 0 g er / - 7 =P = on t Boy Hh Yy inspection + _most eritical_piyet = rivet @ x Rnuy and Poy had same directions. a_facthst fom center, Dine = 3180060) 2 BW RMA HH HRRRRRE Ua 370 Ring = 31,500 (95 +25) = &4 ket masaae — 4 = [Co-42)* 4 ¢20 484)” =] [84407 2N) v — Scanned with CamScannerpr Ina Welded connection, failire stertc at the jotd FT 4 STEPS t) locate the cg. of te eld group 2) Moke for he reaction due to the diveck load . Fy) Ree in Rox = Py Poy = Py T c coy L L J bhere Le litlstls 3) Golve tor the _readion che to _ moment’ Ros = Ty) Roy = 7% J J iT torque [moment = polac moment of iwertia iz UEe-aniane 2 +y2V] he 1X eH = = = c z c Scanned with CamScannera TCTClelrllllCr ee ll OUST EE example of Comp gig JI: — t L_ i You Kg Yotof Tap-t = > Le 24g ga Ya 2 Jy are distances of Cg. to the center ot the wold - 4) Gove Sr he resultent reaction. cE IG Bont Bod! [2 Boyt Reg) Scanned with CamScannernav, fa OURS OEE ee ee aN no.. WT: BEARING AND BASE PLATE AwaLysis A. beam _- cing Plate 14 3 ot me aad eZ 4 #—__2$__y coum —_| k= distinct pmogetty of [beam boced on Ais datotas vin Yase fate To? view SIOE VIEW Ss S Scanned with CamScanner —Excmple * lo module beom-baring® t) Calculate Reaction Pu 2) Consider Web Local Yieldlag 3) Consider — ple Local Crippling 4) Congider = wo _ concrete 5) (oncider tiekaess on tzarlag ple T bate plate = 1) Check beadag on conceete 2) Calculate bp mand on 3) petermine required thicknoss Scanned with CamScanner