RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
EDLE & CUIN
EDUC 5312: CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

Name: Makbule Karakas Date: 4/17/2022

Instructional Project 3

Directions:

This is a research assignment. Use your textbook, web articles, and NAU library to conduct resear
when writing this paper.

Use APA style references and in-text- citations. You need to use at least 3 different resources
besides Castronova (2002), and Moore (2015).

Part 1. DISCOVERY LEARNING:

Download and read the following article:

 Castronova, J. A. (2002). Discovery learning for the 21st century: What is it and how
does it compare to traditional learning in effectiveness in the 21st century. Action
Research Exchange, 1(1), 1-12. Retrieved from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.594.6363&rep=rep1&type=pdf
 After reading this article and conducting additional research, answer to the following
questions.

What is discovery learning?

Discovery learning is a way of teaching that emphasizes active, hands-on learning for kids. Explore and solv
problems to create, integrate, and generalize knowledge for yourself and your class. Discovery learning is go
because it lets students learn at their own pace. It is based on the idea that you can use what you already kno
to make new things. An extra thing is that the student, not the teacher, oversees the learning. Instead of
passively listening to a lecture or doing drills and practice, students learn how to use skills in a wider range
situations through activities that encourage risk-taking, problem-solving, and critical thinking about their ow
unique experiences.
Development research is used to make better instructional materials by using models and cognitive conflict
approaches to make them better. However, the discovery model is a set of learning activities that encourage
students to make their own decisions about what they think by looking at things. In Shah's words, this is wh
he says (2004),
How does this form of teaching compare to traditional, teacher-centered instruction?
There is a couple of point that makes discovery learning unique when we compare to traditional one which i
teacher- centered instruction. First, learning is moving. Learning is not just taking in what is being said or
read, but actively looking for new information. Second, learning is about how things work. The main goal o
discovery learning is to learn how to analyze and interpret information so that you can understand what you
learning rather than just giving the correct answer from rote memorization. Failure is also important, but not
important as the first two things. Learning happens even when you fail. This type of learning doesn't care ab
getting the right answer. Cognitive psychologists have shown that failing is an important part of learning.
Fourth, you need to give us feedback. Instead of learning alone, as is typical in a traditional classroom wher
students are told to keep their voices down, students are encouraged to talk about their ideas to better
understand the material. The fifth thing is that you learn more. Discovery learning helps students learn more
because it encourages them to look at things in a natural way and use active, process-oriented methods of
teaching.
Instructional materials made by the researcher using a discovery model with a cognitive conflict approach h
been proven to be effective. The results show that all the components worked very well because each one w
between 80% and 100% effective.

What educational theories support the discovery learning model?

In Democracy and Education (1916/1997), Dewey
In To Understand is to Invent (1973), Piaget
Lev Vygotsky emphasized the impact of cultural and social influences on cognitive development, particular
the interaction of children with other people in cognitive development.

What is the most important thing you discovered about discovery learning?
I discovered the point that failure is important. Based on how I teach in class usually winner is important. It
makes students mostly hopeless to get correct solution. But I understood student is going to concentrate on
learning process instead of just getting right answer by implementing discovery learning.
How can you apply this method to your future classroom?
I can apply this method by hands on activities and projects. In addition to that real world problems tasks cou
be a great way to apply discovery learning in my future classroom. I believe in integrating technology into
instruction makes students curios to discover new things.

Part 2. ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS

 Select one of the following chapters to conduct research: Chapter 2, 3, 5 or 12. Revie
the chapter and respond to related questions for that chapter by conducting your ow
research.

Chapter 2- Teaching Diverse Students

1. Teaching all students. Remember that a teacher’s job is to teach all students and assume
an attitude that all students can learn. Research techniques and strategies that can be used to
accomplish this task. Sources of information include the library, the Internet, current journals,
and recent books.

2. Intelligence profile. Evaluate your own intelligence profile according to Gardner. In what
frames of mind (intelligence areas) do you come out strongest?
Chapter 3- Managing Classroom Environment
 
1. Discipline approaches. Analyze the three approaches to classroom management. Which
approach, if any, do you prefer? Can you put together parts of the different approaches and com
up with an eclectic approach that you think would work for you? Can you identify some basic
concepts that appear to be true of all three approaches?

2.   Causes of misbehavior. Think back over the classes you have attended in which there ha
been disciplinary incidents. List the possible causes for any such misbehavior. How might
knowledge of the causes of these incidents influence a teacher’s actions? Some behavior
problems are teacher created and some are student-centered. Can you think of examples?

Chapter 5- Using Classroom Technology

1. How does technology enhance the teacher’s ability to plan instruction? Use one of the
available search engines to explore the web for technological tools such as lesson planning
software, worksheets, puzzle tools, poster and bulletin board production tools, and time
management tools that will assist you in plan.

 The teacher can plan for students to use digital platforms to gather large amounts of content about th
lesson’s topic; this enhances the student’s ability to sort, anticipate, plan, predict and evaluate. They
will have plenty of declarative knowledge to “think about, “opening doors to innovating.

 Technology allows me to sometimes combine individual questions in my lesson plan into a single
question and make instructions in a shorter time.

 To support such planning, we have adapted Madeline Hunter’s Master Teaching lesson plan model t
incorporate these strategies. Our Master Learners schema involves five steps—set the goal, access pr
knowledge, introduce new information, apply new information, and review the goal (known as
GANAG for short). It also includes ways a teacher can deliver lessons to actively engage all students
teaching them to use strategies.

2. Technology offers tools that can help students learn. To what technology should students
have access? Do you have any educational concerns about the use of these technologies
schools? If so, what are they? If not, why not?

Chroomebook, Aleks, Ti-Inspire CAX and Desmos Staar version

Basically, my concern about the use of these technologies in schools is students can not stay on task.
meant some of them trying to play a game from different web sides. I find a solution which is Go
Guardian help me to watch all my students.

  In addition to that most of the participants believed that there was an urgent need for instructors to
 learn how to increase the effectiveness of using emergent technology in the classroom setting and
make instructors more effective.

Chapter 12- Teaching Effective Thinking Strategies

1. Teaching methods. What teaching methods and procedures can be used to improve
students’ critical thinking abilities? Creative thinking abilities?

2. Thinking. What type of thinking is emphasized in most schools? Is critical thinking rewarde
Creative thinking? Is school success based on students’ ability to think critically? Creatively

3. The environment. What type of classroom environment would be conducive to developing

critical thinking? Creative thinking? What problems can you foresee in establishing this
environment?

Part 3. REFERENCES:
 Cite at least 5 References in APA.
 You need to use at least 3 different resources besides Castronova (2002), and Moore
(2015).
 You may use http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-journal for citing your sourc
in APA style.

References:
 Pollock, Jane E.; Tolone, Laura J.; Nunnally, Gary S.. Educational Leadership, Summer2021, Vol. 78 Issue 9,
p20-25, 6p
  Alfadil, Mohammed; Anderson, Derek; Green, Amber. Education & Information Technologies, May2020, Vo
25 Issue 3, p1625-1638, 14p; DOI: 10.1007/s10639-019-10035-z
 Gunawan; Kosim; Suci Lestari, P. Ayu. International Journal of Instruction, Jul2020, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p433-444
12p, 6 Charts, 1 Graph; DOI: 10.29333/iji.2020.13330a