2. G.R. No.

120639 September 25, 1998

BPI EXPRESS CARD CORPORATION, petitioner,
vs.
COURT OF APPEALS and RICARDO J. MARASIGAN, respondents.

Facts:

Marasigan, a lawyer, is a BPI credit card holder. His contractual relations with BPI
went on smoothly until October 1989, when his statement of account amounting to
P8,987.84 was not paid in due time. BPI demanded immediate payment, and
required him to issue a check in favor of BPI, otherwise his card will be
suspended.

Marasigan issued a post-dated check (PDC) in favor of BPI.BPI, having been

informed of the PDC only a week after receipt, already sent a letter to Marasigan,
informing him of the temporary suspension of the privileges of his card. He was
also told to refrain from using his card to avoid any inconvenience/embarrassment
and that unless he settles his outstanding account within 5 days from receipt of
the letter, his membership will be permanently cancelled.

On the other hand, confident that he had settled his account with the issuance of
the postdated check, Marasigan invited some guests at Café Adriatico (there is
also no showing that he received the letter from BPI before he went to Café
Adriatico). When he presented his credit card to pay the bill, the it was dishonored
and one of his guests paid the bill by using her own credit card. Marasigan asked
BPI to withhold the deposit of his postdated check and to return the said check to
him because according to him, BPI violated their agreement that once Marasigan
issues the check to the to cover hisunpaid account, BPI will not suspend the
effectivity of the card

.Marasigan filed a complaint for damages against BPI before the trial court, and
the trial court ruled in favor of him. The decision was affirmed by the CA.

ISSUE/S:

1. Whether BPI had the right to suspend the credit card of the Marasigan
2. Whether the trial court and CA erred in holding BPI liable for damages

HELD:

YES on both issues.

Under the terms and conditions of the credit card, signed by Marasigan, any card
with outstanding balances after 30 days from original billing shall automatically be
suspended. Marasigan admitted that he did not pay within 30 days for his original
billing. BPI could automatically suspend his credit card.

Even though there was an arrangement between the parties (that upon
issuance of a check, the card wouldn’t be suspended) the court found that
Marasigan was not able to comply with his obligation.
The purpose of the arrangement between the parties was for the immediate
payment of Marasigan’s outstanding account, in order that his credit card would
not be suspended. As agreed upon by the parties, on the following day, private
respondent did issue a check. However, the check was postdated 15
December 1989. Settled is the doctrine that a check is only a substitute for
money and not money, the delivery of such an instrument does not, by itself
operate as payment. This is especially true in the case of a postdated check.

Thus, the issuance by the private respondent of the postdated check was
not effective payment. It did not comply with his obligation under the
arrangement with BPI. BPI corporation was therefore justified in suspending his
credit card.

While Marasigan suffered damages as a result of the cancellation of his credit

card, there is a material distinction between damages and injury. Injury is the
illegal invasion of a legal right; damage is the loss, hurt, or harm which results
from the injury; and damages are the recompense or compensation awarded for
the damage suffered. Thus, there can be damage without injury in those
instances in which the loss or harm was not the result of a violation of a legal duty.
In order that a plaintiff may maintain an action for the injuries of which he
complains, he must establish that such injuries resulted from a breach of duty
which the defendant owed to the plaintiff. In the case at bar, it was Marasigan's
failure to settle his obligation which caused the suspension of his credit card and
subsequent dishonor at Café Adriatico.