ABSTRACT

The mining industry is extremely important to the global economy. It is, however, not one of the
safest professions to work in. Miners' lives are always in jeopardy. This project aims to assist
miners in distress by providing quick assistance. The miner's helmet can be upgraded by adding
a wireless sensor mote and other essential sensors, which will aid in monitoring the miner's
health. A network of wireless sensors can be created as a result of this. This wireless sensor
network (WSN) can be used to keep track of all of the miners on the job.

All the parameters are continuously monitored received from temperature sensors, gas or
smoke sensors, humidity sensors or acceleration and gyroscope sensors (used for fall
detections) these all have a preset threshold and in any case is if they exceed or deseed the
preset thresholds the system will simply send alert messages according to the programming
done to them these systems remotely monitor the data received by the receiver module at
the other station.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our pleasure to acknowledge for all those who have provided guidance,
inspiration and encouragement for our project.

We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude to our respected

project guide Dr. Senthil Kumar, HOD, Dept. of CSE for her ever inspiring
guidance, constant encouragement and support.
We also would like to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to
our Project coordinator Mrs. Shifana Begum, Assistant Professor, Dept. of
CSE for her encouragement and guidance that she has extended in the course
of carrying our project.

We sincerely thank Dr. Senthil Kumar, Head of the Department, Computer

science & Engineering, for being an inspiration and support throughout this
project.

We are extremely grateful to our respected Dean, Dr. Thomas Pinto for
providing the facilities to carry out the project.

We also extend our thanks to all teaching, non-teaching staff and management
staff of the Computer Science and Engineering Department who have been
helpful and cooperative towards the completion of the project work.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-2

1.1 Internet of Things (IOT) 1

1.2 Challenges in mining sector 1

1.3 Project Description 2

Chapter 2 LITREATURE SURVEY 3

Chapter 3 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS 4

3.1 Hardware Requirements 4

3.2 Software Requirements 4

Chapter 4 SYSTEM DESIGN 5

Chapter 5 METHADOLOGY ADAPTED 6-8

5.1 Working of the project 6

5.2 Programming languages used 7

Chapter 6 SCREENSHOTS / RESULTS 9

Chapter 7 CONCLUSION 12
IOT Based Smart Helmet for Mining Worker 2021-2022

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Internet of Things (IOT)

The Internet of Things (IoT), also known as the Internet of Everything (IoE), is made up of
all web-enabled devices that use embedded sensors, processors, and communication gear to
gather, send, and act on data from their surroundings. These gadgets, which are frequently
referred to be "connected" or "smart," can sometimes communicate with other related
devices via a process known as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication and act on the
information they receive. Humans can engage with the devices to set them up, give them
instructions, and access data, but the devices do the majority of the work themselves.
All of the tiny mobile components available today, as well as the always-online aspect of
our home and corporate networks, have enabled their existence.

1.2 CHALLENGES IN MINING SECTOR

Mining is characterized as the "killing industry" because it is hazardous to miners' health,

as they are frequently forced to work in perilous underground mines. Roof collapses and
water flooding are common causes of accidents in mines. Deforestation is a key result of
mining activity. Water resource hazards and consequences, air pollution, greenhouse gas
emissions and climate change, expanding energy needs, and light scarcity are all major
environmental challenges confronting modern mining.

Direct and indirect mining operations can have environmental consequences on a local,
regional, and global scale. Erosion, sinkholes, biodiversity loss, and contamination of soil,
groundwater, and surface water by chemicals produced by mining activities are all possible
consequences. Workers were electrocuted, fell off ladders, stumbled on rocks, breathed
silica dust, or were poisoned with mercury, lead, or arsenic. Many people were ill as a
result of drinking contaminated water and living in close quarters.

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1.3 Project Description

The Arduino-based mine safety system comprises of different sensors connected to

the controller, with the measured data sent to the other station. Workers begin to use a
variety of monitoring and control systems to improve their working conditions.
Environmental characteristics like as temperature, humidity, and toxic gases are
monitored and controlled using automation, which can assist workers in securing their
lives. The concept uses IoT technology and includes an device, a main controlling
unit (MCU), sensors to measure various parameters, and an alert system to assure
worker safety. The fall detector will begin diagnosing the fall when there is a
significant impact. A vibration pre-alarm begins before the alert is sent. The detector
is not activated in all fall situations, such as, where no significant impact occurs. The
fall sensor which integrated into the Arduino UNO is given to the individual worker
to monitor their health condition. The proposed system is also able to measure quality
of air, removal of minor helmet, and object crash on the helmet. Quality of air is used
to measure humidity and gas using sensors. Gas is determined by the demarcation
level of carbon monoxide as well as humidity sensor to detect the humidity in the
environment. An IR sensor used to detect the removal helmet from the minor’s head.
And Pressure sensor is placed in the helmet by fixing the neck injury criteria to 34 PSI
it is considered as hazard events when it overcome the value.

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Chapter 2

LITREATURE SURVEY

"Smart Helmet for Coal Miners Using Zigbee Technology," suggested Shruthi et
al. This system creates a smart helmet that uses Zigbee technology to monitor
hazardous gas emissions, anomalous temperature conditions, and humidity levels,
among other things. This method assures worker safety in the mining area, however
this helmet was not designed with worker safety in mind.

S.R.Deokar and colleagues proposed a system called "Smart Helmet for Coal Mines
Safety Monitoring and Alerting." This system appears to be quite effective, as it uses
wireless sensor networks to assure worker and workplace safety. Fall detection,
harmful gas emissions from industry, and so forth are all part of it.

(NAGARAJA, 2017) developed a smart helmet approach for the mining industry to
identify risky occurrences that occur. The suggested system can detect air quality,
slight helmet removal, and item collisions with the helmet. Sensors are used to
measure humidity and gas quality in the air. The gas is determined by the carbon
monoxide demarcation level as well as a humidity sensor that detects dampness in the
atmosphere.

An infrared sensor was utilized to detect the removal of the minor's helmet off his
head. When the pressure sensor is installed in the helmet and the neck injury threshold
is set to 34 PSI, it is deemed a hazard occurrence.

Smart helmets were proposed by Rashmi Vashisth and Sanchit Gupta (2017) to lessen
the incrimination of motorcycling accidents. The system is made up of two parts: a
helmet and a bicycle. Each of them uses a Radio Frequency module to send wireless
communication between them in synchrony. For SMS messages, a GSM module has
been established.

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Chapter 3

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS

This project’s one of the main aim is to make it as low cost as possible with fewer
sensors working used for function in the same category. It is mainly consisting of modules
which collect Bio data of a worker as well as the data of the environment around the
worker.

3.1 Hardware Requirements

 LCD Display and LED

 Buzzer
 Push Button
 Wi-Fi Module
 GSM Module
 Arduino UNO
 IR sensor
 Cables and Connectors
 IC and IC sockets
 PCB and Breadboards
 RF RxTx module
 accelerometer and gyroscope sensor
 Pulse Sensor SEN-11574
 DHT11 sensor
 Gas Detection Sensor (MQ135, MQ6, MQ7)
 Electronic Fundamentals (Transistors, Diodes etc.)

3.2 Software Requirements

 Embedded C language

 IOT Gecko

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 Arduino IDE

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Chapter 4

SYSTEM DESIGN
The smart helmet is equipped with an Arduino Uno kit, which includes sensors such as a pulse
sensor, an accelerometer, and a gyroscope which are linked together. A panic button is also included
in the helmet in the event of a disaster worker can press the button to alert others. All Construction
workers can wear these smart helmets. When the contractor obtains all of the necessary information
with the usage of the helmet, the worker will be able to protect himself. It's the GSM module that's
involved. As a result of GSM, SMS is used to send alert messages in this module. A DCDC
converter is used to control current flow. The contractor or civil engineer keeps an eye on
everything. The helmet performs all of the workers' functions.
The alert message is sent to mine control room if any unwanted issues occur. The buzzer in the
mining unit is automatically ON when trace of flame is found and fall sensor detects the human
uncertainty, at the same time the alert message is sent via internet by utilizing the GPS module.
The power consumption of the system was evaluated which can be a very good factor to save the
energy by using sleep mode. As it is considered to save twice the time of the battery life. As the
power consumption of SHS during transmission mode is 146 mA and in sleep mode is 107 mA
which is reducing 39 mA during the sleep mode compared to the Transmission mode.

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Chapter 5
METHODOLOGY ADAPTED

5.1 Working of the project

The smart helmet's operating principle was utilized to describe the system's problem without
going into depth. Gas Control, Force Detection, Temperature and Humidity Monitoring
System, LCD, LED, and 9v power supply battery are all included in this study. These
systems are linked together using the IoT platform and the data from the linked systems is
sent.
For IR data sensor
If the IR data is low, the sensor recognizes the miner's head and sends the signal to one of
three systems: temperature and humidity, force, and gas; otherwise, the signal is sent to the
IR connection.
For temperature and Humidity sensors
The signal is sent to be further checked by Node-Red and/or Arduino if it is humidity and
greater than or equal to 80%. In addition, if the temperature exceeds 50 C yellow LED on
the helmet will be triggered and the LCD will be updated with the reading and sent To
other station.
For Collision Detection system
If the force exceeds the threshold, the signal will be verified. The signal will activate the
Node-Red buzzer in the control room, sending an SMS message to the rescue team if the
miner is safe from collision; otherwise, the buzzer will be turned off and the Serial display
will be used to display the miner is safe from collision.

Each node's flow charts are connected, and the data is sent to the IoT platform through
ZigBee wireless, where it is updated in the GUI. Temperature and humidity sensors are
utilized to monitor the temperature and humidity of the miner's surroundings, while the
force sensor detects the force applied to the force sensing resistor, which triggers the buzzer
and sends an SMS message to the rescue team.

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5.2 Programming Languages Used

5.2.1 Embedded C

Embedded C is one of the most popular and widely used programming languages for
embedded systems development. So, in this tutorial, we'll look at some of the Basics of
Embedded C Programming and the Embedded C Programming Structure.
Embedded C is one of the most common languages for programming embedded systems
among embedded programmers. There are several popular programming languages for
designing embedded systems, such as Assembly, BASIC, C++, Python, and others, but
Embedded C remains popular due to its efficiency, short development time, and portability.
Before diving into the fundamentals of Embedded C programming, it's important to
understand what an Embedded System is and why programming languages are important
in Embedded Systems.

5.2.2 IOT Gecko

IOT Gecko is a free platform for students, academics, and developers to construct IoT systems.
IOT Gecko opens the door to physical devices managed over the internet, giving you the tools
and assistance, you need to create your IOT-based solutions quickly. Get data from sensors and
devices and use it through the internet. To manage and monitor your IoT system on the web,
choose from one of our system templates or create your own. Process the data from the sensor
and display it online.
Use simple mouse clicks to control motors and physical objects. With API support for all
platforms, you can quickly debug your IoT devices and combine them with your favorite
programming languages. IOT Gecko Development does not necessitate extensive coding
experience and provides excellent assistance for IOT-based development. It provides an efficient
GUI construction platform to assist hardware devices in processing and displaying parameters.

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Chapter 6

EXPECTED RESULT

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Chapter 7

CONCLUSION

A prototype for a mine safety system is created utilizing an Arduino microcontroller in this
proposed method.

This system is made up of both hardware and software elements. The hardware is made up
of several sensors, other end is connected to the Arduino board and other hardware
components via the Internet of Things (IoT). The components are made up from signals and
a database where readings from sensors are displayed and inserted utilizing hardware. The
use of a wireless network to increase mine safety is a solution for achieving both safety and
improvement in mining projects.

All of the sensors are interfaced by the hardware components of this system. This project
uses sensors to sense the environment and a microcontroller to switch on/off the buzzer
automatically depending on the risk situation.

SRINIVAS UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MUKKA, MANGALURU – 574 146

MAJOR PROJECT PHASE 1 REPORT

ON

“IoT Based Smart Helmet for Mining Workers”

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 IOT Based Smart Helmet for Mining Worker 2021-2022
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted By,

Abhay Kamath 1SU18CS001

Akash J Bangera 1SU18CS002
Ashok Kumar 1SU18CS005

Under the guidance of

DR. Senthil Kumar
Head of the Dept.
Dept of CSE

2021-2022

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SRINIVAS UNIVERSITY, MUKKA

Dept. of CSE, SUCET, Mukka 11

 SRINIVAS UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MUKKA, MANGALURU – 574 146

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project entitled “ IoT Based Smart Helmet for
Mining Worker” is a bonafide work carried out by Abhay Kamath , Akash J Bangera ,
Ashok Kumar bearing the USN 1SU18CS001, 1SU18CS002, 1SU18CS005 in the
partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and
Engineering of the Srinivas University, College of Engineering & Technology
during the year 2021-22. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for
internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the department
library. The Project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect of internship work prescribed for the said degree.

Mrs. Senthil Kumar Dr. Senthil Kumar

(Project Guide) (Head of the Department)

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

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