Segunda Ley de Newton en la

dirección normal a una Línea de

Flujo

13 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

 Segunda Ley de Newton en la
dirección normal a una Línea de
Flujo
Vórtice Libre

14 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

drostatic pressure variation discussed in Chapter 2. It is not actually a pressure but does represent the
change in pressure possible due to potential energy variations of the fluid as a result of elevation changes.
The second term in the Bernoulli equation, rV 2%2, is termed the dynamic pressure. Its in-
terpretation can be seen in Fig. 3.4 by considering the pressure at the end of a small tube inserted
into the flow and pointing upstream. After the initial transient motion has died out, the liquid will

Presión Estática
fill the tube to a height of H as shown. The fluid in the tube, including that at its tip, 122, will be
stationary. That is, V2 # 0, or point 122 is a stagnation point.
If we apply the Bernoulli equation between points 112 and 122, using V2 # 0 and assuming
that z1 # z2, we find that
p2 # p1 ! 12 rV 21

Open
Punto (4) Punto (3) (en la columna)
V4 = 0
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V3 = 0
<latexit sha1_base64="vqqWXTwOMMyUT4gZATs6ozH/DLo=">AAAB/HicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tFoNgFe40EBshYGMZwUsCyRH2NnvJkt29Y3dPCEf8C7ba24mt/8XWX+ImucIkPhh4vDfDzLww4Uwb1/12ChubW9s7xd3S3v7B4VH5+KSl41QR6pOYx6oTYk05k9Q3zHDaSRTFIuS0HY7vZn77iSrNYvloJgkNBB5KFjGCjZX8Vv/61u2XK27VnQOtEy8nFcjR7Jd/eoOYpIJKQzjWuuu5iQkyrAwjnE5LvVTTBJMxHtKupRILqoNsfuwUXVhlgKJY2ZIGzdW/ExkWWk9EaDsFNiO96s3E/7xuaqKbIGMySQ2VZLEoSjkyMZp9jgZMUWL4xBJMFLO3IjLCChNj81naEoppyYbirUawTlpXVc+teg+1SqOWx1OEMziHS/CgDg24hyb4QIDBC7zCm/PsvDsfzueiteDkM6ewBOfrFwQ0lJk=</latexit>

p4 = patm p3 = p4 + g⇢h4 3
(4)
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h h4-3
Punto (1)
V
h3-1
(3) ρ V1 = V Por conservación de masa <latexit sha1_base64="bHl9ykVjTzkBMX+k9hmRPFk7ciI=">AAAB/HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoBeh4MVjBZMW2lA22027dHcTdjdCCfUveNW7N/Hqf/HqL3Hb5mBbHww83pthZl6UcqaN6347pY3Nre2d8m5lb//g8Kh6fBLoJFOE+iThiepEWFPOJPUNM5x2UkWxiDhtR+O7md9+okqzRD6aSUpDgYeSxYxgYyU/6Hu3Qb9ac+vuHGideAWpQYFWv/rTGyQkE1QawrHWXc9NTZhjZRjhdFrpZZqmmIzxkHYtlVhQHebzY6fowioDFCfKljRorv6dyLHQeiIi2ymwGelVbyb+53UzE9+EOZNpZqgki0VxxpFJ0OxzNGCKEsMnlmCimL0VkRFWmBibz9KWSEwrNhRvNYJ1ElzVPbfuPTRqzUYRTxnO4BwuwYNraMI9tMAHAgxe4BXenGfn3flwPhetJaeYOYUlOF+/PQCUvQ==</latexit>

(1) (2)
p1 = p3 + ⇢gh3 1 2da L. de Newton Normal a la L.C.
F I G U R E 3.4 Measurement
<latexit sha1_base64="NOrqg5harQvzBfnUcOWuw1Iurro=">AAACEHicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdeHCzWARBLEktqAboeDGZQX7gDaEyXTSDJ1JhpmJUEJ+wl9wq3t34tY/cOuXOG2zsK0HLhzOuZd77wkEo0o7zre1srq2vrFZ2ipv7+zu7dsHh22VpBKTFk5YIrsBUoTRmLQ01Yx0hSSIB4x0gtHdxO88EaloEj/qsSAeR8OYhhQjbSTfPha+ewuFX7voyyiBQxj5We3SzX274lSdKeAycQtSAQWavv3THyQ45STWmCGleq4jtJchqSlmJC/3U0UEwiM0JD1DY8SJ8rLpAzk8M8oAhok0FWs4Vf9OZIgrNeaB6eRIR2rRm4j/eb1UhzdeRmORahLj2aIwZVAncJIGHFBJsGZjQxCW1NwKcYQkwtpkNrcl4HnZhOIuRrBM2ldV16m6D/VKo17EUwIn4BScAxdcgwa4B03QAhjk4AW8gjfr2Xq3PqzPWeuKVcwcgTlYX7+TTZtP</latexit>

V1 = V V2 = 0
of static and stagnation pressures.
<latexit sha1_base64="gmJUJm9yFIxd+YbMWTG8Ps6OEr8=">AAACIHicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vUZdugkUUpGViB3QjFNy4rGAf0A5DJs20oZkHSUYow3yCP+EvuNW9O3GpS7/EtJ1FHx64cHLOvdzc48WcSWVZ30ZhbX1jc6u4XdrZ3ds/MA+PWjJKBKFNEvFIdDwsKWchbSqmOO3EguLA47Ttje4mfvuJCsmi8FGNY+oEeBAynxGstOSa57GL4C2MXfuyJ4YRHMChm9qVWjb3rFVQ5pplq2pNAVcJykkZ5Gi45m+vH5EkoKEiHEvZRVasnBQLxQinWamXSBpjMsID2tU0xAGVTjo9KINnWulDPxK6QgWn6vxEigMpx4GnOwOshnLZm4j/ed1E+TdOysI4UTQks0V+wqGK4CQd2GeCEsXHmmAimP4rJEMsMFE6w4UtXpCVdChoOYJV0rqqIquKHuxy3c7jKYITcAouAALXoA7uQQM0AQHP4BW8gXfjxfgwPo2vWWvByGeOwQKMnz8+V6Da</latexit>
p1 = p4 + ⇢gh4 3 + ⇢gh3 1

<latexit sha1_base64="7msJioEOs3mQK6KoaHEwWK8T6Ls=">AAACFnicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY8iDAZBEMKuBPQiBLx4jGAekIRldjKbHTKzs8z0imHJyZ/wF7zq3Zt49erVL3HyOJjEgoaiqpvuriAR3IDrfju5ldW19Y38ZmFre2d3r7h/0DAq1ZTVqRJKtwJimOAxqwMHwVqJZkQGgjWDwc3Ybz4wbbiK72GYsK4k/ZiHnBKwkl88TnwPXyd+B9gjaJkRkCN83tGRwn0c+cWSW3YnwMvEm5ESmqHmF386PUVTyWKgghjT9twEuhnRwKlgo0InNSwhdED6rG1pTCQz3WzyxgifWqWHQ6VtxYAn6t+JjEhjhjKwnZJAZBa9sfif104hvOpmPE5SYDGdLgpTgUHhcSa4xzWjIIaWEKq5vRXTiGhCwSY3tyWQo4INxVuMYJk0LsqeW/buKqVqZRZPHh2hE3SGPHSJqugW1VAdUfSEXtArenOenXfnw/mctuac2cwhmoPz9QvX/p7K</latexit>
p1 = patm + ⇢gh
La presión estática en el punto (1) se puede medir con un tubo piezométrico conectado a un
orificio tangente a la pared
15 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019
ter 2, we know that p3 # gh4–3. Thus, since h3–1 ! h4–3 # h it follows that p1 # gh.
The third term in Eq. 3.13, gz, is termed the hydrostatic pressure, in obvious regard to the hy-
drostatic pressure variation discussed in Chapter 2. It is not actually a pressure but does represent the
change in pressure possible due to potential energy variations of the fluid as a result of elevation changes.
The second term in the Bernoulli equation, rV 2%2, is termed the dynamic pressure. Its in-

Presión de Estancamiento
terpretation can be seen in Fig. 3.4 by considering the pressure at the end of a small tube inserted
into the flow and pointing upstream. After the initial transient motion has died out, the liquid will
fill the tube to a height of H as shown. The fluid in the tube, including that at its tip, 122, will be
stationary. That is, V2 # 0, or point 122 is a stagnation point.
If we apply the Bernoulli equation between points 112 and 122, using V2 # 0 and assuming
that z1 # z2, we find that
p2 # p1 ! 12 rV 21

Open
Punto (1)
V1 = V
<latexit sha1_base64="bHl9ykVjTzkBMX+k9hmRPFk7ciI=">AAAB/HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoBeh4MVjBZMW2lA22027dHcTdjdCCfUveNW7N/Hqf/HqL3Hb5mBbHww83pthZl6UcqaN6347pY3Nre2d8m5lb//g8Kh6fBLoJFOE+iThiepEWFPOJPUNM5x2UkWxiDhtR+O7md9+okqzRD6aSUpDgYeSxYxgYyU/6Hu3Qb9ac+vuHGideAWpQYFWv/rTGyQkE1QawrHWXc9NTZhjZRjhdFrpZZqmmIzxkHYtlVhQHebzY6fowioDFCfKljRorv6dyLHQeiIi2ymwGelVbyb+53UzE9+EOZNpZqgki0VxxpFJ0OxzNGCKEsMnlmCimL0VkRFWmBibz9KWSEwrNhRvNYJ1ElzVPbfuPTRqzUYRTxnO4BwuwYNraMI9tMAHAgxe4BXenGfn3flwPhetJaeYOYUlOF+/PQCUvQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="7msJioEOs3mQK6KoaHEwWK8T6Ls=">AAACFnicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY8iDAZBEMKuBPQiBLx4jGAekIRldjKbHTKzs8z0imHJyZ/wF7zq3Zt49erVL3HyOJjEgoaiqpvuriAR3IDrfju5ldW19Y38ZmFre2d3r7h/0DAq1ZTVqRJKtwJimOAxqwMHwVqJZkQGgjWDwc3Ybz4wbbiK72GYsK4k/ZiHnBKwkl88TnwPXyd+B9gjaJkRkCN83tGRwn0c+cWSW3YnwMvEm5ESmqHmF386PUVTyWKgghjT9twEuhnRwKlgo0InNSwhdED6rG1pTCQz3WzyxgifWqWHQ6VtxYAn6t+JjEhjhjKwnZJAZBa9sfif104hvOpmPE5SYDGdLgpTgUHhcSa4xzWjIIaWEKq5vRXTiGhCwSY3tyWQo4INxVuMYJk0LsqeW/buKqVqZRZPHh2hE3SGPHSJqugW1VAdUfSEXtArenOenXfnw/mctuac2cwhmoPz9QvX/p7K</latexit>
p1 = patm + ⇢gh
(4) H
Punto (2)
h h4-3
V V2 = 0
<latexit sha1_base64="QQTpzACwRn/UMHHh4q1R5obuTdE=">AAAB/XicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tFoNgFe5CQBshYGMZwVwCyRH2NnvJmt29Y3dPCEfwL9hqbye2/hZbf4mb5AqT+GDg8d4MM/PChDNtXPfbKWxsbm3vFHdLe/sHh0fl4xNfx6kitEViHqtOiDXlTNKWYYbTTqIoFiGn7XB8O/PbT1RpFssHM0loIPBQsogRbKzk+/0aunH75YpbdedA68TLSQVyNPvln94gJqmg0hCOte56bmKCDCvDCKfTUi/VNMFkjIe0a6nEguogm187RRdWGaAoVrakQXP170SGhdYTEdpOgc1Ir3oz8T+vm5roOsiYTFJDJVksilKOTIxmr6MBU5QYPrEEE8XsrYiMsMLE2ICWtoRiWrKheKsRrBO/VvXcqndfrzTqeTxFOINzuAQPrqABd9CEFhB4hBd4hTfn2Xl3PpzPRWvByWdOYQnO1y9bQZTC</latexit>
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(3) ρ
h3-1 Aplicando la Ec. de Bernoulli entre (1) y (2)
(1) (2) 1 2 1 2
V1 = V V2 = 0 pF1 +I G⇢U V R E+3.4
1 ⇢gz 1 = p +
Measurement
2 ⇢ V2 + ⇢gz2
of static and2stagnation pressures. 2
<latexit sha1_base64="TZ4R05lNi441m9FkagJO2dumzpk=">AAACQ3icbVDLSgMxFM34rPU16tJNsAiCUCZDQTdCwY24qmAf0JkOmTTThmYeJBmhDvNP/oS/ILhS3LoTt4LpA7SPA4HDOedyb46fcCaVZb0aK6tr6xubha3i9s7u3r55cNiQcSoIrZOYx6LlY0k5i2hdMcVpKxEUhz6nTX9wPfKbD1RIFkf3aphQN8S9iAWMYKUlz7xNPHTuiH4MnUBgkqE8s/OGhzr2RO3BRw9dJZ69JGR3bPiXsj2zZJWtMeAiQVNSAlPUPPPD6cYkDWmkCMdStpGVKDfDQjHCaV50UkkTTAa4R9uaRjik0s3Gf87hqVa6MIiFfpGCY/X/RIZDKYehr5MhVn05743EZV47VcGlm7EoSRWNyGRRkHKoYjgqEHaZoETxoSaYCKZvhaSPdS1K1zyzxQ/zoi4FzVewSBp2GVlldFcpVSvTegrgGJyAM4DABaiCG1ADdUDAE3gBb+DdeDY+jS/jexJdMaYzR2AGxs8vIkmu6w==</latexit>

1
p2 = p1 + ⇢ V 2 Presión de estancamiento
2 <latexit sha1_base64="sVLSIT9H4u9nHRTSZjMKSMsCEvE=">AAACFHicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV12M1gEQShJKehGKLhxWcFeoIlhMp20QyeZYWYilJCFL+EruNW9O3Hr3q1P4rTNwrb+MPDzn3M4Z75QMKq043xba+sbm1vbpZ3y7t7+waF9dNxRPJWYtDFnXPZCpAijCWlrqhnpCUlQHDLSDcc303r3kUhFeXKvJ4L4MRomNKIYaRMFdkUE9WsRuBeeHHHoRRLhzM2zet55qAd21ak5M8FV4xamCgq1AvvHG3CcxiTRmCGl+q4jtJ8hqSlmJC97qSIC4TEakr6xCYqJ8rPZJ3J4ZpIBjLg0L9Fwlv6dyFCs1CQOTWeM9Egt16bhf7V+qqMrP6OJSDVJ8HxRlDKoOZwSgQMqCdZsYgzCkppbIR4hA0IbbgtbwjgvGyjuMoJV06nXXKfm3jWqzUaBpwQq4BScAxdcgia4BS3QBhg8gRfwCt6sZ+vd+rA+561rVjFzAhZkff0C09ydsA==</latexit>

16 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

ter 2, we know that p3 # gh4–3. Thus, since h3–1 ! h4–3 # h it follows that p1 # gh.
The third term in Eq. 3.13, gz, is termed the hydrostatic pressure, in obvious regard to the hy-
drostatic pressure variation discussed in Chapter 2. It is not actually a pressure but does represent the
change in pressure possible due to potential energy variations of the fluid as a result of elevation changes.
The second term in the Bernoulli equation, rV 2%2, is termed the dynamic pressure. Its in-

Ecuación de Bernoulli
terpretation can be seen in Fig. 3.4 by considering the pressure at the end of a small tube inserted
into the flow and pointing upstream. After the initial transient motion has died out, the liquid will
fill the tube to a height of H as shown. The fluid in the tube, including that at its tip, 122, will be
stationary. That is, V2 # 0, or point 122 is a stagnation point.
If we apply the Bernoulli equation between points 112 and 122, using V2 # 0 and assuming
that z1 # z2, we find that
p2 # p1 ! 12 rV 21

Open Punto (2)

1
V2 = 0 p2 = p1 + ⇢ V 2
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sha1_base64="y3M/WDofF2w0IyJzL2r5hKwBy7U=">AAAB6XicbZBLSwMxFIXv1Fcdq9a1m2ARXJUZN7oU3LisYB/QDiWTudOGJpkhyRTL0D/g1r078Te59ZeYPha29UDgcE7CvfniXHBjg+Dbq+ztHxweVY/9k5p/enZer3VMVmiGbZaJTPdialBwhW3LrcBerpHKWGA3njwu+u4UteGZerGzHCNJR4qnnFHrotaw3giawVJk14Rr04C1hvWfQZKxQqKyTFBj+mGQ26ik2nImcO4PCoM5ZRM6wr6ziko0Ublcc06uXZKQNNPuKEuW6d8XJZXGzGTsbkpqx2a7W4T/df3CpvdRyVVeWFRsNSgtBLEZWfyZJFwjs2LmDGWau10JG1NNmXVkNqbEcu47JuE2gV3TuW2GQTN8DqAKl3AFNxDCHTzAE7SgDQwSeIN379X78D5X7CreGuIFbMj7+gUE4pDO</latexit>
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<latexit sha1_base64="sVLSIT9H4u9nHRTSZjMKSMsCEvE=">AAACFHicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV12M1gEQShJKehGKLhxWcFeoIlhMp20QyeZYWYilJCFL+EruNW9O3Hr3q1P4rTNwrb+MPDzn3M4Z75QMKq043xba+sbm1vbpZ3y7t7+waF9dNxRPJWYtDFnXPZCpAijCWlrqhnpCUlQHDLSDcc303r3kUhFeXKvJ4L4MRomNKIYaRMFdkUE9WsRuBeeHHHoRRLhzM2zet55qAd21ak5M8FV4xamCgq1AvvHG3CcxiTRmCGl+q4jtJ8hqSlmJC97qSIC4TEakr6xCYqJ8rPZJ3J4ZpIBjLg0L9Fwlv6dyFCs1CQOTWeM9Egt16bhf7V+qqMrP6OJSDVJ8HxRlDKoOZwSgQMqCdZsYgzCkppbIR4hA0IbbgtbwjgvGyjuMoJV06nXXKfm3jWqzUaBpwQq4BScAxdcgia4BS3QBhg8gRfwCt6sZ+vd+rA+561rVjFzAhZkff0C09ydsA==</latexit>
2
Fluido en el interior de la columna es estático
(4) H

h h4-3 p2 = patm + ⇢gH

V
<latexit sha1_base64="AJ8Snh5FFw740k5IbD0bcwbfPEs=">AAACFHicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+nVqmWQyCIIS7ENBGCNikjGA+IAnH3maTLNm9O3bnxHBc4Z/wL9hqbye29rb+EjfJFSbxwcDjvRlm5vmR4Boc59vKbWxube/kdwt7+weHR/bxSUuHsaKsSUMRqo5PNBM8YE3gIFgnUoxIX7C2P7md+e0HpjQPg3uYRqwvySjgQ04JGMmzi5FXuYm8HrBHUDIhINPLnhqHeITrnl1yys4ceJ24GSmhDA3P/ukNQhpLFgAVROuu60TQT4gCTgVLC71Ys4jQCRmxrqEBkUz3k/kTKT43ygAPQ2UqADxX/04kRGo9lb7plATGetWbif953RiG1/2EB1EMLKCLRcNYYAjxLBE84IpREFNDCFXc3IrpmChCweS2tMWXacGE4q5GsE5albLrlN27aqlWzeLJoyI6QxfIRVeohuqogZqIoif0gl7Rm/VsvVsf1ueiNWdlM6doCdbXL+sFnlc=</latexit>

(3) ρ
h3-1

(1) (2)
F I G U R E 3.4 Measurement
V1 = V V2 = 0
of static and stagnation pressures.

La presión de estancamiento en un flujo se puede medir con un tubo inmerso en el flujo tal
que su orificio enfrente al flujo. Este instrumento se conoce como Tubo Pitot.

17 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

ter 2, we know that p3 # gh4–3. Thus, since h3–1 ! h4–3 # h it follows that p1 # gh.
The third term in Eq. 3.13, gz, is termed the hydrostatic pressure, in obvious regard to the hy-
drostatic pressure variation discussed in Chapter 2. It is not actually a pressure but does represent the
change in pressure possible due to potential energy variations of the fluid as a result of elevation changes.
The second term in the Bernoulli equation, rV 2%2, is termed the dynamic pressure. Its in-

Ecuación de Bernoulli
terpretation can be seen in Fig. 3.4 by considering the pressure at the end of a small tube inserted
into the flow and pointing upstream. After the initial transient motion has died out, the liquid will
fill the tube to a height of H as shown. The fluid in the tube, including that at its tip, 122, will be
stationary. That is, V2 # 0, or point 122 is a stagnation point.
If we apply the Bernoulli equation between points 112 and 122, using V2 # 0 and assuming
that z1 # z2, we find that
p2 # p1 ! 12 rV 21

Open
Punto (2)
1 2
V2 = 0 p2 = p1 + ⇢ V
2
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<latexit sha1_base64="sVLSIT9H4u9nHRTSZjMKSMsCEvE=">AAACFHicbZDLSsNAFIYnXmu9RV12M1gEQShJKehGKLhxWcFeoIlhMp20QyeZYWYilJCFL+EruNW9O3Hr3q1P4rTNwrb+MPDzn3M4Z75QMKq043xba+sbm1vbpZ3y7t7+waF9dNxRPJWYtDFnXPZCpAijCWlrqhnpCUlQHDLSDcc303r3kUhFeXKvJ4L4MRomNKIYaRMFdkUE9WsRuBeeHHHoRRLhzM2zet55qAd21ak5M8FV4xamCgq1AvvHG3CcxiTRmCGl+q4jtJ8hqSlmJC97qSIC4TEakr6xCYqJ8rPZJ3J4ZpIBjLg0L9Fwlv6dyFCs1CQOTWeM9Egt16bhf7V+qqMrP6OJSDVJ8HxRlDKoOZwSgQMqCdZsYgzCkppbIR4hA0IbbgtbwjgvGyjuMoJV06nXXKfm3jWqzUaBpwQq4BScAxdcgia4BS3QBhg8gRfwCt6sZ+vd+rA+561rVjFzAhZkff0C09ydsA==</latexit>

r
(4) H p 1 p2
V = 2
h h4-3 ⇢
V
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(3) ρ
h3-1

(1) (2)
F I G U R E 3.4 Measurement
V1 = V V2 = 0
of static and stagnation pressures.

Conocida la presión estática y la presión de estancamiento, es posible calcular la velocidad

(media) del flujo V.

18 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

 Toma Pitot-Estática

Si la altura entre (2) y (3) es despreciable

Toma Estática 1
p3 = p2 = p + ⇢V 2
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2
Toma Pitot <latexit sha1_base64="RAooYcnqYgE3wHXX10oYkar1MB0=">AAACAHicbVA9SwNBEJ3zM8avqKXNYhCswp0EtBECNpYRzIckR9jb7CVLdveW3T0hHGn8C7ba24mt/8TWX+ImucIkPhh4vDfDzLxIcWas7397a+sbm1vbhZ3i7t7+wWHp6LhpklQT2iAJT3Q7woZyJmnDMstpW2mKRcRpKxrdTv3WE9WGJfLBjhUNBR5IFjOCrZMeVa96o3qBq1LZr/gzoFUS5KQMOeq90k+3n5BUUGkJx8Z0Al/ZMMPaMsLppNhNDVWYjPCAdhyVWFATZrODJ+jcKX0UJ9qVtGim/p3IsDBmLCLXKbAdmmVvKv7ndVIbX4cZkyq1VJL5ojjlyCZo+j3qM02J5WNHMNHM3YrIEGtMrMtoYUskJkUXSrAcwSppXlYCvxLcV8u1ah5PAU7hDC4ggCuowR3UoQEEBLzAK7x5z9679+F9zlvXvHzmBBbgff0CJSOWWQ==</latexit>
p 4 = p1 = p
1
p3 p4 = ⇢V 2
2
<latexit sha1_base64="X06WjM7jeMcbqH5NEbcqKHEwdHU=">AAACFHicbZDLSgMxFIYz9VbrbdRlN8EiuLHM1IJuhIIblxXsBdpxyKSZNjSTCUlGKMMsfAlfwa3u3Ylb9259EtN2Frb1h8DPf87hnHyBYFRpx/m2CmvrG5tbxe3Szu7e/oF9eNRWcSIxaeGYxbIbIEUY5aSlqWakKyRBUcBIJxjfTOudRyIVjfm9ngjiRWjIaUgx0iby7bLwL86FX7/uhxLh1M3SWtaXoxi2H2q+XXGqzkxw1bi5qYBcTd/+6Q9inESEa8yQUj3XEdpLkdQUM5KV+okiAuExGpKesRxFRHnp7BMZPDXJAIaxNI9rOEv/TqQoUmoSBaYzQnqklmvT8L9aL9HhlZdSLhJNOJ4vChMGdQynROCASoI1mxiDsKTmVohHyNDQhtvCliDKSgaKu4xg1bRrVdepunf1SqOe4ymCMjgBZ8AFl6ABbkETtAAGT+AFvII369l6tz6sz3lrwcpnjsGCrK9f346dtg==</latexit>

r
p 3 p4
V = 2
⇢
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La velocidad del flujo se puede medir con mediante la medición de las presiones de
estancamiento y estáticas con una Toma Pitot-Estática.

19 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

Toma Pitot-Estática

20 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

 Toma Pitot-Estática
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd
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8/19/08 10:23
10:23 PM PM Page
Page 109 109

Diseño y ubicación de la toma estática 3.5 3.5 Static, Stagnation,

Static, Dynamic,
Stagnation, and and
Dynamic, Total Pressure
Total Pressure 109109
V V V V V V
p p p p p p

F IF G I UGRUER 3.8 E 3.8Incor- Incor-

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) rect rect
and and
correct design
correct of static
design of static
p1 > pp1 > p p1 < pp1 < p p1 = pp1 = p pressure taps.taps.
pressure

Distribución de presión a lo largo del tubo Pitot-Estático

p p

V V (2) (2)
(1) (1) Tube Tube

Stagnation
Stagnation Stagnation
Stagnation
pressure at at
pressure pressure on on
pressure
tip tip stem stem

(1) (1)
0 0 (2) (2)
Stem

Stem
StaticStatic
pressure
pressure

F IF G I UGRUER 3.9 E 3.9Typical pressure

Typical distribution
pressure alongalong
distribution
a Pitot-static tube.tube.
a Pitot-static 21 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

measurement. ThisThis
measurement. requires a smooth
requires holehole
a smooth withwith
no burrs or imperfections.
no burrs As As
or imperfections. indicated in in
indicated
Accurate measure-
Accurate measure- Fig.Fig.
3.8,3.8,
suchsuch
imperfections can can
imperfections cause the the
cause measured pressure
measured to be
pressure to greater or less
be greater thanthan
or less the the
ac- ac-
—The Bernoulli Equation

n
is a sim-
t h e
Toma Pitot-Estática
N e w
their nest within the tube where the standard visual check cannot
s

ane acci- detect it. The most serious accident (in terms of number of fatali-
Most of ties) caused by a blocked Pitot tube involved a Boeing 757 and
he holes occurred shortly after takeoff from Puerto Plata in the Dominican
pressure Republic. The incorrect airspeed data was automatically fed to
me to re- the computer, causing the autopilot to change the angle of attack
or such a and the engine power. The flight crew became confused by the
gotten to false indications, the aircraft stalled, and then plunged into the
ave built
Ejemplo:
Caribbean Sea killing all aboard. (See Problem 3.30.)
Un avión viaja a 360 km/h a una elevación de 3000 m en una atmósfera estándar.
Determine la presión en el punto (1) corriente arriba del avión, la presión de estancamiento en la
nariz del avión (2), y (3) la diferencia de presión indicada por una toma Pitot-estática ubicada en el
Tube fuselaje del avión.
(1) Presión en Atmósfera Estándar
✓ ◆ Rg
10,000 ft z
p = p0 1
T0
f the air-
p0 = 101325 Pa
<latexit sha1_base64="ImO5ti3LcIarH8a7gc/85xQu5I4=">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</latexit>

e of the (2) <latexit sha1_base64="tm6NpWMf3OX2RU6fNIby9sZMRDM=">AAACEHicbVBNS8NAEN3Ur1q/oh48eFksgqeS1IpehIIXjxVsLTShbLbbduluEnYnYgn5E/4Fr3r3Jl79B179JW7bHGzrg4HHezPMzAtiwTU4zrdVWFldW98obpa2tnd29+z9g5aOEkVZk0YiUu2AaCZ4yJrAQbB2rBiRgWAPwehm4j88MqV5FN7DOGa+JIOQ9zklYKSufRR3nWvXcc+rFx72gD2BkmmDZF277FScKfAycXNSRjkaXfvH60U0kSwEKojWHdeJwU+JAk4Fy0peollM6IgMWMfQkEim/XT6QIZPjdLD/UiZCgFP1b8TKZFaj2VgOiWBoV70JuJ/XieB/pWf8jBOgIV0tqifCAwRnqSBe1wxCmJsCKGKm1sxHRJFKJjM5rYEMiuZUNzFCJZJq1pxnYp7VyvXa3k8RXSMTtAZctElqqNb1EBNRFGGXtArerOerXfrw/qctRasfOYQzcH6+gUweJu2</latexit>

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sha1_base64="WtsZr6/Y4DyAikeg1KoJUeLJXdk=">AAACBXicbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9aq1Y3LtwEi+CqZCqiG0Fw47KC/YG2lEyatqHJzJDcEcswL+EruNW9O/Ex3Pokpj8LbT0QOJyTcG++IFbSIqVfXm5tfWNzK79d2Cnu7u2XDooNGyWGizqPVGRaAbNCyVDUUaISrdgIpgMlmsH4dto3H4WxMgofcBKLrmbDUA4kZ+iiXuko7tFrn/rn1YsO6aB4QqPTGst6pTKt0JnIqvEXpgwL1Xql704/4okWIXLFrG37NMZuygxKrkRW6CRWxIyP2VC0nQ2ZFrabzj6QkVOX9MkgMu6ESGbp7xcp09ZOdOBuaoYju9xNw/+6doKDq24qwzhBEfL5oEGiCEZkSoP0pREc1cQZxo10uxI+YoZxdMz+TAl0VnBQ/GUEq6ZRrfi04t9TyMMxnMAZ+HAJN3AHNagDhwxe4BXevGfv3fuY48t5C46H8Efe5w+CUZpJ</latexit>
sha1_base64="ngMWaGF4Hiqw34M3U4mDC+fVL3M=">AAACEHicbVC7SgNBFJ2NrxhfUQsLm8EgWIXZqGgjBGwsI5gHZJcwO5kkQ2Z2l5m7Ylj2J/wFW+3txNY/sPVLnDwKk3jgwuGce7n3niCWwgAh305uZXVtfSO/Wdja3tndK+4fNEyUaMbrLJKRbgXUcClCXgcBkrdizakKJG8Gw9ux33zk2ogofIBRzH1F+6HoCUbBSp3iUdwhNy5xzyuXHvaAP4FWaY1mnWKJlMkEeJm4M1JCM9Q6xR+vG7FE8RCYpMa0XRKDn1INgkmeFbzE8JiyIe3ztqUhVdz46eSBDJ9apYt7kbYVAp6ofydSqowZqcB2KgoDs+iNxf+8dgK9az8VYZwAD9l0US+RGCI8TgN3heYM5MgSyrSwt2I2oJoysJnNbQlUVrChuIsRLJNGpeySsntPStWLWTx5dIxO0Bly0RWqojtUQ3XEUIZe0Ct6c56dd+fD+Zy25pzZzCGag/P1Cy84m7I=</latexit>

y a Pitot- (1) J
V1 = 200 mph
Pitot-static tube
T0 = 15 C = 288,15K R = 286,9
<latexit sha1_base64="8mrxBnfv5NvMC84wwmbxcrEk80I=">AAACJXicbVBdSwJBFJ21L7OvrR57GZKgh5JdUbIHQfAl6MVAU1CT2XHUwZndZeZuJMv+iv5Ef6HXeu8pgp6CfknrR5DagQuHc+7l3nscX3ANlvVpJFZW19Y3kpupre2d3T1z/+BWe4GirEY94amGQzQT3GU14CBYw1eMSEewujMsj/36PVOae24VRj5rS9J3eY9TArHUMc+rHato58PorkW5orgF7AGUDMtRMVsohGeRnf+VrqNUx0xbGWsCvEzsGUmjGSod87vV9WggmQtUEK2btuVDOyQKOBUsSrUCzXxCh6TPmjF1iWS6HU7eivBJrHRxz1NxuYAn6t+JkEitR9KJOyWBgV70xuJ/XjOAXqEdctcPgLl0uqgXCAweHmeEu1wxCmIUE0IVj2/FdEAUoRAnObfFkZNQ7MUIlkktm7nM2De5dCk3SyeJjtAxOkU2ukAldIUqqIYoekTP6AW9Gk/Gm/FufExbE8Zs5hDNwfj6AQJNpMM=</latexit>

K · kg
K
<latexit sha1_base64="GtHINBm5YvtrgWO0nmijSYYFLfY=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="y3M/WDofF2w0IyJzL2r5hKwBy7U=">AAAB6XicbZBLSwMxFIXv1Fcdq9a1m2ARXJUZN7oU3LisYB/QDiWTudOGJpkhyRTL0D/g1r078Te59ZeYPha29UDgcE7CvfniXHBjg+Dbq+ztHxweVY/9k5p/enZer3VMVmiGbZaJTPdialBwhW3LrcBerpHKWGA3njwu+u4UteGZerGzHCNJR4qnnFHrotaw3giawVJk14Rr04C1hvWfQZKxQqKyTFBj+mGQ26ik2nImcO4PCoM5ZRM6wr6ziko0Ublcc06uXZKQNNPuKEuW6d8XJZXGzGTsbkpqx2a7W4T/df3CpvdRyVVeWFRsNSgtBLEZWfyZJFwjs2LmDGWau10JG1NNmXVkNqbEcu47JuE2gV3TuW2GQTN8DqAKl3AFNxDCHTzAE7SgDQwSeIN379X78D5X7CreGuIFbMj7+gUE4pDO</latexit>
sha1_base64="r4NhSmZkUjqn3m67P0uaR5TlcD0=">AAACJnicbZDLSgMxGIX/8W69VbdugkVwIWXGhdaFILgR3ajYKnRKyaSZGprMDMk/YhnyKr6Er+BW9+7EJzG9KFo9EDg5J+FPviiTwqDvv3lT0zOzc/MLi6Wl5ZXVtfL6csOkuWa8zlKZ6tuIGi5FwusoUPLbTHOqIslvot7JoL+559qINLnGfsZbinYTEQtG0UXtcu3qaK+2X+zaw5CEsaasCJE/oFbFmbXf/tyGrJPi17bXtbZdrvhVfyjy1wRjU4GxLtrlj7CTslzxBJmkxjQDP8NWQTUKJrkthbnhGWU92uVNZxOquGkVwx9asu2SDolT7VaCZJj+vFFQZUxfRe6konhnJrtB+F/XzDGutQqRZDnyhI0GxbkkmJIBLtIRmjOUfWco08K9lbA76jihg/prSqRsyUEJJhH8NY29auBXg0sfFmATtmAHAjiAYziFC6gDg0d4hhd49Z68N+99hG/KG3PcgF/yPj4B1o+qKg==</latexit>
sha1_base64="BDazgCVjdqJtJ3QkeBlappUgNA4=">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</latexit>

F I G U R E E3.6a (Photo = 0,00650

courtesy of Hawker Beechcraft.) <latexit sha1_base64="0PI6n9r86I9y0UQPH8dV60xvQ/c=">AAACJ3icbZDLSgMxFIYz3q23qks3wSK4kJIRbxtBcCO4UbC20Cklk56xocnMkJwRyzBv4Uv4Cm517050qU9iWot4+yHw859zOCdfmCppkbFXb2x8YnJqema2NDe/sLhUXl65tElmBNREohLTCLkFJWOooUQFjdQA16GCetg7HtTr12CsTOIL7KfQ0vwqlpEUHF3ULleDEJAfsnyrYGxvlwU0iAwXeYBwg0bnp0Xx5XVRtMsVVmVD0b/GH5kKGemsXX4POonINMQoFLe26bMUWzk3KIWCohRkFlIuevwKms7GXINt5cN/FXTDJR0aJca9GOkw/T6Rc21tX4euU3Ps2t+1QfhfrZlhdNDKZZxmCLH4XBRlimJCB5BoRxoQqPrOcGGku5WKLndc0KH8sSXURclB8X8j+Gsut6s+q/rnO5WjnRGeGbJG1skm8ck+OSIn5IzUiCC35J48kEfvznvynr2Xz9YxbzSzSn7Ie/sAefKmnw==</latexit>
sha1_base64="y3M/WDofF2w0IyJzL2r5hKwBy7U=">AAAB6XicbZBLSwMxFIXv1Fcdq9a1m2ARXJUZN7oU3LisYB/QDiWTudOGJpkhyRTL0D/g1r078Te59ZeYPha29UDgcE7CvfniXHBjg+Dbq+ztHxweVY/9k5p/enZer3VMVmiGbZaJTPdialBwhW3LrcBerpHKWGA3njwu+u4UteGZerGzHCNJR4qnnFHrotaw3giawVJk14Rr04C1hvWfQZKxQqKyTFBj+mGQ26ik2nImcO4PCoM5ZRM6wr6ziko0Ublcc06uXZKQNNPuKEuW6d8XJZXGzGTsbkpqx2a7W4T/df3CpvdRyVVeWFRsNSgtBLEZWfyZJFwjs2LmDGWau10JG1NNmXVkNqbEcu47JuE2gV3TuW2GQTN8DqAKl3AFNxDCHTzAE7SgDQwSeIN379X78D5X7CreGuIFbMj7+gUE4pDO</latexit>
sha1_base64="wUM5ZQAyFun1StIPO0hiRyB0x+M=">AAACHHicbZDLSgMxFIbPeLfeqls3QRFcSMkIXjaC4EZwo2BV6JSSSc9oMJkZkjNiGeYtfAlfwa3u3YlufRLTWsTbD4Gf/084J1+ca+WI87dgZHRsfGJyaro2Mzs3v1BfnD1zWWElNmWmM3sRC4dapdgkRRovcovCxBrP4+uDfn9+g9apLD2lXo5tIy5TlSgpyEedeiOKkcQeLzcqzre3eMSixApZRoS3ZE15VFVf3lRVp77KG3wg9teEQ7MKQx136u9RN5OFwZSkFs61Qp5TuxSWlNRY1aLCYS7ktbjElrepMOja5eBfFVvzSZclmfUnJTZIv78ohXGuZ2J/0wi6cr+7fvhf1yoo2W2XKs0LwlR+DkoKzShjfUisqyxK0j1vhLTK78rklfBcyKP8MSU2Vc1DCX8j+GvONhshb4QnHKZgGVZgHULYgX04hGNogoQ7eIBHeArug+fg5RPfSDDkuAQ/FLx+AFfqpRs=</latexit>
sha1_base64="PA44vtU0x++s4XABfTdtvbn/pEI=">AAACJ3icbZDLSgMxFIYz3q23qks3wSK4kJIRbxtBcCO4UbCt0Cklk55pg8nMkJwRyzBv4Uv4Cm517050qU9iWot4+yHw859zOCdfmCppkbFXb2x8YnJqema2NDe/sLhUXl6p2yQzAmoiUYm5DLkFJWOooUQFl6kBrkMFjfDqeFBvXIOxMokvsJ9CS/NuLCMpOLqoXa4GISA/ZPlWwdjeLgtoEBku8gDhBo3OT4viy+uiaJcrrMqGon+NPzIVMtJZu/wedBKRaYhRKG5t02cptnJuUAoFRSnILKRcXPEuNJ2NuQbbyof/KuiGSzo0Sox7MdJh+n0i59ravg5dp+bYs79rg/C/WjPD6KCVyzjNEGLxuSjKFMWEDiDRjjQgUPWd4cJIdysVPe64oEP5Y0uoi5KD4v9G8NfUt6s+q/rnrHK0M8IzQ9bIOtkkPtknR+SEnJEaEeSW3JMH8ujdeU/es/fy2TrmjWZWyQ95bx94sqab</latexit>
m
altitude
p1 = 70086 Pa <latexit sha1_base64="wuLVn3mIYMJB7Ye+JnxLoxPU8mQ=">AAACD3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vquDGzWARXJVEiu1GKLhxWcE+oA1hMp20Q2eSMHMjlpiP8Bfc6t6duPUT3PolTh8L23rgwuGcezmX48eCa7Dtbyu3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PWjpKFGVNGolIdXyimeAhawIHwTqxYkT6grX90c3Ebz8wpXkU3sM4Zq4kg5AHnBIwklc8iT3numrbtase7gF7BCXTBsm8Ysku21PgVeLMSQnN0fCKP71+RBPJQqCCaN117BjclCjgVLCs0Es0iwkdkQHrGhoSybSbTv/P8LlR+jiIlJkQ8FT9e5ESqfVY+mZTEhjqZW8i/ud1EwhqbsrDOAEW0llQkAgMEZ6UgftcMQpibAihiptfMR0SRSiYyhZSfJkVTCnOcgWrpHVZduyyc1cp1SvzevLoFJ2hC+SgKqqjW9RATUTRE3pBr+jNerberQ/rc7aas+Y3x2gB1tcvyzSbhg==</latexit>
sha1_base64="y3M/WDofF2w0IyJzL2r5hKwBy7U=">AAAB6XicbZBLSwMxFIXv1Fcdq9a1m2ARXJUZN7oU3LisYB/QDiWTudOGJpkhyRTL0D/g1r078Te59ZeYPha29UDgcE7CvfniXHBjg+Dbq+ztHxweVY/9k5p/enZer3VMVmiGbZaJTPdialBwhW3LrcBerpHKWGA3njwu+u4UteGZerGzHCNJR4qnnFHrotaw3giawVJk14Rr04C1hvWfQZKxQqKyTFBj+mGQ26ik2nImcO4PCoM5ZRM6wr6ziko0Ublcc06uXZKQNNPuKEuW6d8XJZXGzGTsbkpqx2a7W4T/df3CpvdRyVVeWFRsNSgtBLEZWfyZJFwjs2LmDGWau10JG1NNmXVkNqbEcu47JuE2gV3TuW2GQTN8DqAKl3AFNxDCHTzAE7SgDQwSeIN379X78D5X7CreGuIFbMj7+gUE4pDO</latexit>
sha1_base64="0Azf6Qpsqs6dWR+HZxppFy1FK+k=">AAACBHicbZC9SgNBFIXvxr8Yo0YLG5vBIFiFWQuTRhBsLCOYH0hCmJ1MkiEzu8vMXTGseQhfwVZ7O/E1bH0SJz+FSTxw4XDODPfyBbGSFin99jIbm1vbO9nd3F5+/+CwcJSv2ygxXNR4pCLTDJgVSoaihhKVaMZGMB0o0QhGt9O+8SiMlVH4gONYdDQbhLIvOUMXdQsncde/LlNauWqTNoonNDqtskm3UKQlOhNZN/7CFGGharfw0+5FPNEiRK6YtS2fxthJmUHJlZjk2okVMeMjNhAtZ0Omhe2ks/sn5NwlPdKPjJsQySz9+yNl2tqxDtxLzXBoV7tp+F/XSrBf6aQyjBMUIZ8v6ieKYESmMEhPGsFRjZ1h3Eh3K+FDZhhHh2xpS6AnOQfFX0WwbuqXJZ+W/HsKWTiFM7gAH8pwA3dQhRpweIZXeIN378X78D7n+DLeguMxLMn7+gUe/poa</latexit>
sha1_base64="xHGHYHndD+1qJR3zrMyFh3gxJsI=">AAACD3icbVC7SgNBFJ31GeNrVbCxGQyCVZgVMWmEgI1lBPOAZAmzk0kyZGZ3mbkrhjUf4S/Yam8ntn6CrV/iJNnCJB64cDjnXs7lBLEUBgj5dlZW19Y3NnNb+e2d3b199+CwbqJEM15jkYx0M6CGSxHyGgiQvBlrTlUgeSMY3kz8xgPXRkThPYxi7ivaD0VPMApW6rjHcce7LhFSvmrjNvBH0Cqt0nHHLZAimQIvEy8jBZSh2nF/2t2IJYqHwCQ1puWRGPyUahBM8nG+nRgeUzakfd6yNKSKGz+d/j/GZ1bp4l6k7YSAp+rfi5QqY0YqsJuKwsAsehPxP6+VQK/spyKME+AhmwX1EokhwpMycFdozkCOLKFMC/srZgOqKQNb2VxKoMZ5W4q3WMEyqV8UPVL07kihcpnVk0Mn6BSdIw+VUAXdoiqqIYae0At6RW/Os/PufDifs9UVJ7s5QnNwvn4ByfSbgg==</latexit>

1 22 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019

(Ans)
(200 mph, 0.951)
0.8

nd eleva- 0.6
/p2
mics—The Bernoulli Equation

i n t h e N e w s
Toma Pitot-Estática
tube is a sim- their nest within the tube where the standard visual check cannot
JWCL068_AppC_719-720.qxd 9/23/08 12:09 PM Page 720
airplane acci- detect it. The most serious accident (in terms of number of fatali-
dings. Most of ties) caused by a blocked Pitot tube involved a Boeing 757 and
e of the holes occurred shortly after takeoff from Puerto Plata in the Dominican
rect pressure Republic. The incorrect airspeed data was automatically fed to
hen time to re- the computer, causing the autopilot to change
720 theAppendix
angle Cof■ attack
Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere
ses for such a and the engine power. The flight crew became confused by the
TA B L E C . 2
as forgotten to false indications, the aircraft stalled, and then plunged into the of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere (SI Units)a
Properties
cts have builtEjemplo:
Caribbean Sea killing all aboard. (See Problem 3.30.)
Dynamic
Acceleration Density, Viscosity,
Altitude Temperature of Gravity, Pressure, p R M
(m) ("C) g (m#s2) [N#m2(abs)] (kg#m3) ( N!s#m2)

!1,000 21.50 9.810 1.139 E"5 1.347 E"0 1.821 E!5

ic Tube 0
1,000
15.00
8.50
9.807
9.804
1.013
8.988
E"5
E"4
1.225
1.112
E"0
E"0
1.789
1.758
E!5
E!5
2,000 2.00 9.801 7.950 E"4 1.007 E"0 1.726 E!5
3,000 !4.49 9.797 7.012 E"4 9.093 E!1 1.694 E!5
on of 10,000 ft 4,000 !10.98 9.794 6.166 E"4 8.194 E!1 1.661 E!5
5,000 !17.47 9.791 5.405 E"4 7.364 E!1 1.628 E!5
6,000 !23.96 9.788 4.722 E"4 6.601 E!1 1.595 E!5
7,000 !30.45 9.785 4.111 E"4 5.900 E!1 1.561 E!5
ead of the air- 8,000 !36.94 9.782 3.565 E"4 5.258 E!1 1.527 E!5
e nose of the (2) 9,000 !43.42 9.779 3.080 E"4 4.671 E!1 1.493 E!5
10,000 !49.90 9.776 2.650 E"4 4.135 E!1 1.458 E!5
ted by a Pitot- (1) 15,000 !56.50 9.761 1.211 E"4 1.948 E!1 1.422 E!5
V1 = 200 mph 20,000 !56.50 9.745 5.529 E"3 8.891 E!2 1.422 E!5
Pitot-static tube 25,000 !51.60 9.730 2.549 E"3 4.008 E!2 1.448 E!5
30,000 !46.64 9.715 1.197 E"3 1.841 E!2 1.475 E!5
40,000 !22.80 9.684 2.871 E"2 3.996 E!3 1.601 E!5
F I G U R E E3.6a (Photo 50,000 !2.50 9.654 7.978 E"1 1.027 E!3 1.704 E!5
courtesy of Hawker Beechcraft.) 60,000 !26.13 9.624 2.196 E"1 3.097 E!4 1.584 E!5
70,000 !53.57 9.594 5.221 E"0 8.283 E!5 1.438 E!5
at the altitude 80,000 !74.51 9.564 1.052 E"0 1.846 E!5 1.321 E!5
a
Data abridged from U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

(Ans) 1
23 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019
(200 mph, 0.951)
0.8

ble and eleva- 0.6

p1/p2

0.4
 i n t h e N e w s
tube is a sim- their nest within the tube where the standard visual check cannot
airplane acci- detect it. The most serious accident (in terms of number of fatali-
dings. Most of ties) caused by a blocked Pitot tube involved a Boeing 757 and
e of the holes occurred shortly after takeoff from Puerto Plata in the Dominican

Toma Pitot-Estática
rect pressure Republic. The incorrect airspeed data was automatically fed to
hen time to re- the computer, causing the autopilot to change the angle of attack
ses for such a and the engine power. The flight crew became confused by the
as forgotten to false indications, the aircraft stalled, and then plunged into the
cts have built Caribbean Sea killing all aboard. (See Problem 3.30.)

ic Tube
Ejemplo: m
on of 10,000 ft (2) V2 = 0
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s
km 1000 m h m
ead of the air-
(2)
V1 = 360 ⇥ ⇥ = 100
e nose of the h km 3600 s s
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ted by a Pitot- (1)

V1 = 200 mph
Despreciando cambio de elevación
Pitot-static tube

T = T0 z = 288,15 0,0065 ⇥ 3000 = 268,65 K

F I G U R E E3.6a
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(Photo
courtesy of Hawker Beechcraft.) p kg
at the altitude ⇢= = 0.9093 3
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RT m
(Ans) 1
(200 mph, 0.951)
0.8 1 2 1
p2 = p 1 + ⇢V1 p2 = 70086 Pa + ⇥ 0.9093 ⇥ 1002 Pa = 74632,5 Pa
ble and eleva- 0.6
2 2
p1/p2

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sha1_base64="6IE9L7RRHffrLWFHQqGKwgY08w8=">AAACWnicbZBLSwMxFIXT8dnWR33s3ASLICglMz6qC0Fw47KCVaFTSybNaDCZGZI7Yhnm9/kbBFfu3erWtJ2FtV4InJx7D/fyBYkUBgh5Kzkzs3PzC4vlSnVpeWW1trZ+Y+JUM95msYz1XUANlyLibRAg+V2iOVWB5LfB08Wwf/vMtRFxdA2DhHcVfYhEKBgFa/VqNOl5Z01CTo597AN/Aa2yFs3xnh9qyjI3z7zcB6G4waRxSk4Pio9LyL03ETlrHh4feNl+foQn/F6tThpkVHhauIWoo6JavdqH349ZqngETFJjOi5JoJtRDYJJnlf81PCEsif6wDtWRtTe081GKHK8Y50+DmNtXwR45P5OZFQZM1CBnVQUHs3f3tD8r9dJITzpZiJKUuARGy8KU4khxkOuuC80ZyAHVlCmhb0Vs0dqGYKlP7ElUHnFQnH/IpgWN17DJQ33itTPDws8i2gLbaNd5KImOkeXqIXaiKFX9Im+0Hfp3XGcslMdjzqlIrOBJsrZ/AHcgrOh</latexit>

0.4

0.2
24 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ince the co- V1, mph
F I G U R E E3.6b
 i n t h e N e w s
tube is a sim- their nest within the tube where the standard visual check cannot
airplane acci- detect it. The most serious accident (in terms of number of fatali-
dings. Most of ties) caused by a blocked Pitot tube involved a Boeing 757 and
e of the holes occurred shortly after takeoff from Puerto Plata in the Dominican

Toma Pitot-Estática
rect pressure Republic. The incorrect airspeed data was automatically fed to
hen time to re- the computer, causing the autopilot to change the angle of attack
ses for such a and the engine power. The flight crew became confused by the
as forgotten to false indications, the aircraft stalled, and then plunged into the
cts have built Caribbean Sea killing all aboard. (See Problem 3.30.)

ic Tube
Ejemplo: 1 2
on of 10,000 ft (3) p = p2 p1 = ⇢V1
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2
1
ead of the air-
e nose of the (2) p= ⇥ 0.9093 ⇥ 1002 Pa = 4546,5 Pa
ted by a Pitot-
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2
(1)
V1 = 200 mph
Pitot-static tube

F I G U R E E3.6a (Photo
courtesy of Hawker Beechcraft.)
at the altitude

(Ans) 1
(200 mph, 0.951)
0.8

ble and eleva- 0.6

p1/p2

0.4

0.2
25 Preparado por M. Valdez 2019
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
ince the co- V1, mph
F I G U R E E3.6b