ENGLISH QUARTER 4 - LEARNING MODULE 2

Subject Teacher: Ivy D. Tabalanza, LPT

I.INTRODUCTION
In this Module, you are expected to give expanded definition of words. This is a sequence of operational definition of word in
Module 1.
II. STANDARDS
Topic: Giving Expanded Definitions of Words
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of how world literature and other text types serve as instruments to
resolve social conflicts, also how to use the language of research, campaigns and advocacies.
Learning Competencies: Give expanded definitions of words

III. TRANSFER
PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner competently presents a research report on a relevant socio-cultural issue.
IV. ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1:
Directions: Identify what is asked or defined in each of the following sentences by getting the answer from the word pool below.
a. Definition b. Expanded definition c. Formal Definition d. Informal Definition
1. It is the specification of the meaning of an expression relative to a language.
2. It is a technique where analogy, descriptions, analysis, metaphors and more are used to expand/expound the term/concept.
3. It follows the pattern of " term + class/genus + distinguish characteristics/differentia."
4. What is the technique in defining the term ―Family‖ in the sentence below?
―Family is the basic unit of the society.

5. What is the technique in defining the concept of ―Sensory Imagery‖? ―Sensory imagery is any description that involves one or
more of the five senses.
6. What technique is used to define the term ―Myth‖ in the sentence below? ―A myth is a traditional story, especially one
concerning the early history of people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings
or events.
7. It goes deeper than a simple dictionary definition.
8. This definition may be synonyms or antonyms introduced by or, in other words, or like.
9. This definition is composed of the term being defined, the class it belongs to, and its distinguishing characteristics.
10. What technique is used to define the term- Love is magic. It comes in an unusual way.

TRANSFER:
Directions: Give an expanded definition for each term below. You are given sets of definitions for every term. Organize them in a
paragraph to form an expanded definition. Pay attention to the words printed in bold as they will set as your guide as to the order of
the sentences comprising your expanded definition.

1. Coronavirus
 There are several known coronaviruses that infect people and usually only cause mild respiratory disease, such as the
common cold. However, at least two previously identified coronaviruses have caused severe illness — Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus.
 Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are actually common throughout the world and can cause respiratory illness
in people and animals.
 Research is showing that COVID-19 is spread through droplets from coughing or sneezing, which is why it’s so important
to be wearing masks. Other mode of transmission is through touching surfaces like doorknobs and hands.
 According to the Department of Health’s COVID-19 CASE TRACKER updated last April 17, 2021, there is a total of 203,
710 active cases, 706, 532 cases of recovery and 15, 810 cases of death. Source: https://doh.gov.ph/covid-19/case-tracker
 This pandemic has affected thousands of peoples, who are either sick or are being killed due to the spread of this disease.
The most common symptoms of this viral infection are fever, cold, cough, bone pain and breathing problems, and
ultimately leading to pneumonia.
Sequence: (Please follow)
1. Formal Definition
2. Classes or Types
3. Process
4. Effects/ Consequences
5. Statistics

2. Vaccine Given:
 Vaccine is a substance containing a virus or bacterium in a form that is not harmful, given to a person or animal to prevent
them from getting the disease that the virus or bacterium causes.
 Edward Jenner (English scientist and country doctor), was the first to test a method to protect against smallpox in a
scientific manner. He did his study in 1796, and although he did not invent this method, he is often considered the father of
vaccines because of his scientific approach that proved the method worked.

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  Vaccine took its name from vaccinia, the virus that caused cowpox. It was the original ingredient used to vaccinate people
against smallpox.
 Vaccine protects the vaccinated persons and those around them who are vulnerable to the diseases, reducing the risk of
diseases spreading among family members, school mates or colleagues, friends, neighbors and other people in the
community.
Sequence:
1. Formal Definition
2. Origin of term
3. Historical Background
4. Advantages of Vaccines

V. NEW IDEAS
CORE VALUES: LOVING
Let us appreciate our family!
Directions: For five points, give an expanded definition of your family.

VI. DISCUSSION/SUMMARY

The purpose of a definition is to explain the meaning of a term which may be obscure or difficult, by the use of terms that are
commonly understood and whose meaning is clear.

An expanded definition is a one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term. It uses a combination of
formal and informal definitions. Let’s get to know first formal and informal definitions.
A. Formal Definition of Words
One of the first things to do when you write an expanded definition is to compose the formal sentence definition of the
term you are writing about. Place it toward the beginning of the expanded definition. It establishes the focus for the rest
of the discussion. Formal sentence definition is composed of the term being defined, the class of object or concept
to which the term belongs, and its distinguishing characteristics that distinguish it from all others of its class.

Formal definition = term being defined+ the class of object or concept to which the term belongs + its distinguishing
characteristics that distinguish it from all others of its class

It is "formal" because it uses a certain form. Take particular care when you write the reference to the class to which the term
belongs; it sets up a larger frame of reference or context. It gives readers something familiar to associate the term with. The term

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may belong to a class of tools, diseases, geological processes, electronic components; it may be a term from the field of medicine,
computer science, agriculture, reprographics, or finance. Avoid vague references to the class the term belongs to: for example,
instead of calling a concussion an "injury" or botulism a "medical problem," call them something more specific like "a serious
head injury" and "a severe form of food poisoning," respectively.
Similarly, provide plenty of specific details in the characteristics’ component of the formal sentence definition. Readers
need these details to begin forming their own understanding the term you are defining.

B. Informal Definition of Words

In an informal definition, known words and examples are used to explain an unknown term. The definition may include
synonyms or antonyms, introduced by or, in other words, like. It could also be stipulation, analogy, or illustration.

Example: Freedom
Freedom, also referred to as liberty or independence, is a state people reach when they are free to think and do whatever they please.

C. Expanded Definition of Words

It provides the meaning of an idea or word that has components of both informal and formal definitions, but is presented in
a longer, paragraph format.
The key to writing a good expanded definition is to choose the sources of definition to help readers understand the term
being defined. Use this checklist to select the kinds of discussion to include in your extended definitions:

Let’s use the word Arbitration this time to show examples of the different sources of expanded definition in Figure 1:
1. Etymology/Word Origin
Arbitration, from the Latin word arbitrari for ―judgment‖
2. History/ Background
Long before laws were established, or courts were organized, or judges formulated principles of law, men had resorted to
arbitration for the resolving of discord, the adjustment of differences, and the settlement of disputes.
One of the earliest arbitrators was Solomon. In a book by Elkouri and Elkouri, How Arbitration Works (1960), the authors
not only stated that Solomon was an arbitrator, but also noted that the procedure used by him was in many respects similar to that
used by arbitrators today. An account of one of Solomon's arbitrations in the Old Testament is found in I Kings, chapter 3, verses
16-28.
3. Cause and Effect
In the case of ―arbitration, cause and effect may be the same as the history
4. Description – listing and defining the component parts
Arbitration is conducted by a trained arbiter who sets down the rules that the parties must abide by...
5. Principles of Operation
From AbronADR Services: "Send the other party notice of your intent to pursue arbitration. The Claimant (person initiating the
case) sends the Respondent a Demand Letter. This letter states the desire to submit the dispute to arbitration either by means of the
contract arbitration clause or by mutual consent...
6. Classification - showing how the term fits into a larger category
Arbitration is one of the alternatives to going into a formal court to settle disputes
7. Contrast/Negation
In an arbitration proceeding, no lawyers are present.
8. Comparison – showing how it is similar to others in the class

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 As with lawsuits or other court proceedings, the decision in an arbitration proceeding is legally binding on the parties.
9. Analogy – explaining by comparing two dissimilar topics, where the second is familiar to the audience
An arbiter is like a referee – he or she listens to both sides and makes a decision as to who is at fault, without the
intervention of outside parties.
10. Example
Arbitration was recently used to settle the dispute between the labor union and management

How to make an expanded definition?

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 Compose a formal sentence definition of the term you are going to define. Place it toward the beginning of the expanded
definition. It establishes the focus for the rest of the discussion.
An extended definition starts with a sentence definition, but then expands on the word by providing additional sentences
using a combination of the sources of definition as shown in Figure 2 in the previous page and as reflected in the two examples
above.
1. The extended definition requires students to define or describe something by beginning with a formal definition.
2. Fill in the term (generally provided by the teacher) in the initial blank and then complete the second blank with an
appropriate category and the third part which is the term’s characteristics.
From there, provide specific information about the item by responding to as many of the following questions as you
can. The following are just some of the guide questions that will help you make your expanded definition. (The complete set
is found in Figure 2 in the previous page)
 How does it work? (operation)
 What are its parts? (description)
 What does it look like? (description)
 What does it do? (process)  Can it be compared to anything familiar? (comparison)
 How is it used? (purpose)
 What is its origin and background? (history)
 What is it not like? (comparison)

Example: Butterfly How does it work? (operation) What are its parts? (description)  The life cycle has four parts: egg, larva
(caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult. What does it look like? (description)  It has two colorful wings, a thorax, and six legs,
and an antenna. What does it do? (process)  It flutters from flower to flower during the day to eat nectar

Example: Butterfly
How does it work? (operation)
What are its parts? (description)
 The life cycle has four parts: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult.
What does it look like? (description)
 It has two colorful wings, a thorax, and six legs, and an antenna.
What does it do? (process)
 It flutters from flower to flower during the day to eat nectar

VII. EVALUATION
Directions: How is the term greenhouse effect defined in the text below? Is it formal, informal or expanded?
The so-called greenhouse effect is an atmospheric process by which a portion of the sun's heat is trapped within the earth's
atmosphere, making the earth's surface warmer than it would otherwise be. Life on earth is possible because there is liquid water, a
blanket of life-supporting gases, and a climate neither too warm nor too cold. Human beings may now be altering this balance by
adding unusual amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This could make the global climate warmer than at any other time in
human history. And this change would be irreversible.
The atmosphere contains 75% nitrogen, 23% oxygen, with argon, water vapor, and trace gases--including carbon dioxide--
making up the remaining 2%.
Carbon dioxide is an odorless, colorless gas which constitutes about 0.035%. It is essential for photosynthesis, the process
by which the sun's energy is converted into forms usable by plants and animals. Carbon dioxide affects the heat balance by acting as
a one-way screen. It is transparent to incoming visible sunlight and allows the sun's heat to warm the ocean and the land. But
carbon-dioxide molecules block some of the infrared heat radiated back into space. This reflected heat is absorbed into the lower
atmosphere. This is the so-called greenhouse effect
REFERENCE:

English- Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 4 - Module 3: Write to Express First Edition, 2020, Department of Education – Division of Negros Oriental

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