A Statistical Account of The University of Glasgow

A
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT
GF THE
UNIVERSITY OF GLAS G O W. *
INTRODUCTION, bus, et quavis alia licita facultate,” to

continue in all time to come in the city of
To give a distinct account of the Uni Glasgow, as being a notable place, and
fit
by
versity of Glasgow, it is necessary to dis for the purpose, the temperature
of
the
tinguish two periods of its existence, in air, and the plenty provisions
of
of
all kinds
by
which its constitution and appearance were for human life; and, his apostolical
extremely different—the period before the authority, ordained, That its doctors, mas
reformation from Popery, and that which ters, readers, aud students, shall enjoy all
followed it; to which may be subjoined, the privileges, liberties, honours, exemp
the present state of the University, tions, and immunities granted the stu
to
with
such alterations in the mode of conducting dium generale his city Bononia. [Bo
of
of
education as the improvements in litera logna.] He likewise appointed Williana

ture, and the state of society, have sug Turnbull, then Bishop Glasgow, and his
to of
the Rectors,t
be
gested. successors that see,

in
Chancellors,
of
called the said studium

have the same authority over the ;
to
and
I. HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY BEFORE THE the Rec
as
doctors, masters, and scholars,

REFORMATION. tors [of the schools] have the Studium
in
Bonomiense.: This Bull

at
dated Rome
is
Origin.—At the request of King James January 1450, and

of
of
the 7th the month

II., Pope Nicolas V. granted a Bull, con the fourth year his pontificate.
of
stituting a “ studium generale, tam in theo Establishment.—By the care the bishop
of
dogia, ac jure canonico et civili, quam in arti and his chapter, body statutes was pre
of
a
pared, and an university established the

in
This Accountwas published the last

or
21st
in
year 1451 consisting, besides the Chancel

*
volume the StatisticalAccount Scotland,”

of
of
in
:
“
1799,threeyearsafterthedeath Reid. lor, Rector, Doctors, and Masters

of
of
the
of
wasnot
It
by the author himself

to
communicated Sir John four faculties, who had taken their degrees
as
Sinclair, nor probablyduring his life, but, the

other universities; and students, who,
in
title bears,was“Transmitted by ProfessorJardine

Principal study and examination,
of
of
Name the and Professors the Uni.

of
in
after course
a
versity.” the “Statistical Account,” there no

In
it is
prescribed by their several faculties, might

indicationafforded regard thewriter: but has
to
in
be
promoted academical degrees.

to
alwaysbeenattributed our author.

to
exhibitshis
It
characterof thoughtand style,and evenvarious

of
That this institution might open with the

his peculiarities expression(asprofessionsfor pro
of
greater celebrity, the bishop had procured

as
fessorships);and, am informed by my learned

Bull from the Pope, grant
I
and published
as
friend, Dr Lee, wasproducedandfoundedon the

a
Reid, an action maintained,some**-ty

of
work ing an universal indulgence

in
to
all faithful
yearsago,by sundry hiscolleagues,
of
(Mr Jardine
amongthe number,) regard their collegiatepri
in to
in
vileges. From internal evidence, appearsthatthe This quotationhas been correctedfrom the
it
Accountitself wasdrawn up 1794,two yearsbe Bull.—H.

fore Reid'sdeath; but the “Additions and Correc The term Rector here used generically. The
is
by
f
morerecent date, and probablyby Rector,the properhead the University,was the

of
tions”are
of
a
differenthand. Universityelected.—H.
Before becameawarethat this Accountwasthe The origin andnature theoffice Chancellor,
of
is of
I
work Reid, hadbeenstruckby the singularcor elation theancientuniversities, very curi

to
in
of of
a
I
as
rectnessof the viewthat heretakenof the consti oussubject,andonenot all known but,
at
is
can
it
;
as
‘tution the ancientUniversity,and this, ap not be explained few words, mustnot speak
of
in
it
inI
pears,not fromany analogicalknowledge the his present.—lmayobserve, general,thatthere

at
of
is i:
tory the Europeanuniversities general,but nothing the privilegesand regulations the

of
I of
in
of in
fromthe records the GlasgowFaculty University ſºlasgowbut what common, may

of
abstracted
is
.
of Arts alone.-H. say, all theolderUniversities.—H.

to
3.
A
722 A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF
Christians, who should visit the cathedral
on
pleading their privilege, were exempted.
church of Glasgow, in the year 1451. We This right exemption from taxation, was
of
have no account of the solemnity and cere pleaded by this University before the Lords
mony of the first establishment; but it ap Council and Session, on the 20th No
of
of
pears that David Cadzow, licentiate in can vember 1633, and was sustained.
non-law, and canon of Glasgow, was the To these privileges, which the bishops
of
first rector, (probably appointed by the Glasgow obtained from the Crown and
bishop;) and that he was, by election, Parliament, they added others which were
continued in 1452. There are more than their own power, consequence
in
of
the
in
100 members mentioned, as incorporated ample civil and criminal jurisdiction which
by him in these two years; and most of they possessed within their own diocese—
them not young men; but secular or regular wit, The privilege buying, selling, and
to
of
ecclesiastics, canons, rectors, vicars, and transporting provisions, within the jurisdic
presbyters, abbots, priors, and monks.” the bishop, free tolls and cus
of
of of
tion
Andrew Stewart, brother to King James toms; the fixing the rent lod
or
houses
II., was incorporated in 1456, being then
a by
gings, possessed persons belonging
to
sub-dean of Glasgow. the university, by jury, the one half citi
Ea'emptions.—The clergy would perhaps zens, the other half persons belonging
to
be the more disposed to attend the Univer the university; the obliging the magistrates
sity, as, while they were incorporated mem Glasgow, upon their election,
to
of
swear
be
‘bers, they were, by royal charters and acts that they shall observe, and cause
to
of Parliament, exempted from all taxes observed, the immunities, liberties, and sta
and public burdens. And Bishop Turn the university; the granting the
of
tutes
bull, in the year 1453, ordained, That the rector the next place, precedence
to
the
in
beneficed clergy in his diocese, who were bishop, all ceremonies and processions;
in
regents or students in his university, or granting privileges incorporated
of
the the
willing to study while they were teachable, members to all the servants of the univer
should, upon asking his license, be exempted sity; the self-denying clause the chancel
in
from residence in their cures, providing lor's oath, [?] and which still makes clause
a
it—“Se mihil academiaº negotiis sine
in
they took care to have the religious offices
in
duly performed. moderatorum magistrorum assentione tem

et
Royal Charter.—King James II., in the taturum"—and particularly, the granting
to
year 1453, at the request of Bishop Turn the Rector, first, the jurisdiction all
at
in
bull, granted a charter in favour of the civil and pecuniary questions, respecting
University of Glasgow; by which the Rec the university, and
of
members crimes
in
tor, the Deans of the Faculties, the Procura less atrocious and afterwards, the extend
;
‘tors of the four nations, the Masters, Re ing all causes and crimes whatsoever;
to
it
gents, and Scholars, studying in the said the power also, inflicting ecclesiastical
of
university, providing they be not prelates, censure, even that

of
excommunication.
as well as the Beadals, Writers, Stationers, Capital Trial,—There
of is,
however, only
and Parchment-makers, t are exempted ab
on
one instance record capital trial

a
omnibus tributis, mumeribus, ea'actionibus,

so
before the rector's court, and that late
Robert Bar
as
tavationibus, collectis, vigiliis, et pedagiis, the year 1670. That year,

aliquo modo infra regmwm nostrum statuen toune, student, was indicted for murder,
a
dis et levandis. before Sir William Fleming, rector but

g
;
Privileges and Powers.--The same pri was acquitted by the jury.

vilege was renewed by subsequent sove
reigns, and confirmed by acts of Parliament.
And even in taxes of an eighth part of all II. ANCIENT CONSTITUTION.
ecclesiastical livings, for the defence of the
nation against an invasion of the English, The constitution this learned body will
of
the clergy in the University of Glasgow, appear, by taking the parts into
of
view
a
.* which was divided, and the powers and

it
* This circumstancewas probablythe causewhy obligations

of
each.
the electionof Rectorwasconcededto all the mem Office-Bearers, &c.—The
of
Election
I.
bers of the University, and not limited to the gra

as
whole incorporated members, students,

duatedalone. In this particular,thecustomof the
as
Italian schoolswaspreferredto that of Paris,by the well doctors and masters, were divided
exampleof which most of the transalpineuniver
into four parts, called the Quatuor Nationes,
sities wereregulated. This, with the circumstance
according the place their nativity. The
to
of
that only one collegearosewithin the University,

enabled the regentsof that collegemore easilyto Scotland, and the Isles, was
of
whole realm
usurp from the graduatesat large the rights of aca distinguished into four districts, under the
‘demicalteachingand legislation—tosink the public
-universityin the privatepaedagogium.—H. Clydesdale, Teviotdale, Albany,
of
names
f These were the commonsupposts(subpositi)
all
and Rothesay. meeting

of
the whole
A
of universty; and the followingare only the im.

a
on
munitiesand privileges the usual form granted University was annually called, the day
to
ofin
everyotherinstitution thekind over Europe.—H. Crispin's day. This meeting

St
next after
THE UNIVERSITY OF GLAsgow. 723
was called the Congregatio Universitalis : crative employments; for the highest digni
and, being divided into the four Nations, the church; for the councils kings;
of
in
ties
judges home; and
at
of
each nation, by itself, chose a Procurator
of
for the offices
and an Intrant; and the intrants, meeting foreign courts. To train
to
ambassadors
by themselves, made choice of a Rector these professions, was
to
in
men eminence
The
of
and a Deputatus of each nation, who were the first intention universities.
assistants and Assessors to the Rector.” Arts, under which was comprehended logic,
as
Functions.—The Rector and Deputati physics, and morals, were considered
a
had several functions. necessary introduction the learned pro
a to
1st, They were judges in fessions, and, therefore, necessary part
all
civil and
of
study every university.
of
criminal causes, wherein any member
in
the University was party. Every mem Their Plan.—The plan upon which uni
or a
by
who either sued answered before any versities were incorporated the Popes,
guilty perjury, in was very like incorporated towns
to
court,
of
that
of
other was and

curred the penalty expulsion. The eccle and boroughs, and perhaps was borrowed
of
the University, whatever dio The university corresponds
; to
the
it.
to
siastics from
in
be
cese they belonged, could not called be whole incorporation the borough the
of
fore their rural deans. the different companies
to
different faculties
2dly, All members were incorporated by of the trades or crafts into which the
an
the rector and deputati, after taking borough divided. company smaller
is
A
is
a
obey the rector and his successors, incorporation, subordinate
to
of
that the
to
oath
observe the statutes, and preserve the borough has the power choosing its own
of
to
or ;
privileges the University, head, authority over

to
and not deacon and an

of
;
being trained
its
its prejudice, what
of
the course
to
those who are in

to
reveal secrets
they the same craft. The companies the
to
in
ever station should arive.
3dly, The rector and deputati were the incorporated towns were anciently called
the University collegia, colleges; and the whole incor
or
who deliberated
of
council
;
poration, comprehending all the companies,

be
all
upon, and digested brought

to
matters
congregation doctors and mas was called the universitas of that town.
of
before the
These names were, by analogy, applied
to
ters. And the determinations
of
the doctors
and masters, such cases, were accounted, corporations the learned professions, and
of
in
respect authority, next last appropriated them. The word

to
in
to
at
the statutes.
of
Sometimes the congregatio universitatis was Pope Nicolas’ Bull not universi
in
used
is
called occasionally for weighty matters; tas but studium generale and the univer
;
he
the making repealing statutes, sity Bononia, calls Studium Bonon

as
in ; of
or
of
such
iense but, King James
of an
of
or
embassy the higher powers, the charter

in
in
to
for
II. 1453, we have—Alma
In
name the University. such cases, whiversitas

four deputati, Glasgwensis, filia nostra dilecta."
or
each nation chose three

who were joined with the rector and his government fa
of
Government.—The
a
the Uni
of
deputali, culty was very similar

to
to
transact the business committed that

to them. versity. Each faculty had its own statutes,
Two other office-bearers were chosen determining the time study, and the ex
of
ercises and examinations requisite for at

on
annually, Crispin's
St
the morrow after

day; Bursarius, who kept the university taining degrees that faculty. Each
in
a
purse, and accounted for what he received chose annually its own dean, its own bur
as
and expended; and Promotor, whose office sarius, and sometimes four deputati
a
a
the dean. We know very little

to
see that the statutes were observed, council

to to
was
the three higher faculties this Uni
in
bring delinquents before the Rector's

of
and
no
enforce the sta record extant, either

as
court, which had power versity, there

to
is
tutes, dispense with them of their statutes or of their transactions.

or
to
cases
in
There are only two memorandums relating

be
indispensible.
to
that were not declared

II. Facullies—A second division the University record.
In
in
of
the the
to
them
July
on
University was into its different Faculties. first, we are told, that,
of
the 29th
by
The Pope's Bull mentions four name—to 1460, the venerable David Cadzow, then
the University, began, the
in
wit, Theology, Canon Law, Civil Law, and

of
rector
All others are comprehended chapter house the predicant friars, the
of
the Arts.
general clause, quavis alia licita clergy and masters being there convened,
et
in
in
a
the canon law, de vita

et to
read the rubric

in
jacultate. the dark ages, the profes

In
theology, canon, and civil law, were homestateclericorum and that he con
;
of
Sions
as
called the three learned professions; Universitas, originallyused, simply word

as
is
a
*
being the only professions which learning for an incorporatedgenerality. hasnothing do

in
to
It
was expected thought necessary. They with any complement studies. Collegium am
of
or
is
fitted men for the most honourable and lu biguous its academicalemployment;sometimes
in
beingapplied denotethe publicsub-incorporation

to
faculty; sometimes private incorporation

of
of
a
a
Seeabove,note,721,b.-H. certainindividuals the university.—

of
A H
*
2
3
tinued according to the pleasure of the cause, the oath taken by masters
of
in
hearers : and that, on the same day, and in arts, they swore promote peace among
to
the same place, William de Levenax began the four faculties, especially with the faculty
a title in the civil law. But we are not theology.
of
of
school canon law
beis
as
told how long it pleased the hearers that being disrepair, and
to
mentioned
in
these lectures should be continued. In repaired out university purse
of
the and
;
another memorandum we are told, that, on appears that degrees were conferred both
dein it
the 23d of March, in the year 1521, Robert that faculty and theology. Andreas
in
Lile, bachelor in theology, and prior of the Garlies, Doctor Medicinis, was incor
in
porated 1469; but his name
in
convent of predicant friars in Glasgow, never
is
began, pro forma, to read a lecture on the mentioned again, nor anything else that
fourth book of the sentences, in the monas probable, there
It
to
relates medicine.
is
tery; in presence of the rector, dean of
no
fore, that there was faculty medicine,
of
faculty, and the rest of the masters ; John nor any teaching that science. Of the
in
Ade, professor of theology, and provincial of teaching the faculty
of
arts we have more
in
the order in Scotland, presiding at the time. full information, from two manuscripts
in
III. Degrees.—A third division was ac parchment –one
of
which contains the
;
cording to the academical degree of every that faculty, and its conclusions;
of
statutes
The highest degree in theology, its meetings,
of
member. and the other the minutes
canon, and civil law, was that of Doctor; and transactions, from 1451 1509, and
to
and in the arts, that of Master. In some These manuscripts
to
from 1535 1555.
universities, Masters of Arts are called Doc by University
of
were transcribed order the
1769.
in
tors of Philosophy; but in most they are
distinguished by the name of Master, from Paedagogium.—Some years after the Uni
those who have the highest degree in any versity was founded, many
of
the students
as
of the higher faculties." A master, however, were young men, whom tuition,
to
well
as
might be chosen to be rector, or a deputa teaching, was necessary; and, therefore,

tus, as well as doctor. In all the faculties, provision was made that they should live
there were two degrees by which a man and eat one house, which was called
in
rose to the highest : these were Bachelor Paedagogium, the College

or Arts; where
of
and Licentiate.t. The degree of Licentiate, they were taught and governed by certain
as well as that of Doctor or Master, was masters, who were called Regentes Arti
in
on
conferred only by the chancellor or vice bus.” This college was
at
first the south
The requisites to all the de the Rotten-row, and probably was
of of
chancellor. side
a
grees was a certain time of study, and the part the property the bishop and
of
having heard certain books prelected upon, chapter; but afterwards tenement was
a
and certain exercises and examinations: in bequeathed by Lord Hamilton, for the Col
Bachelors of the Arts fifteen years of age, and lege Arts, where the college now stands.
of
in Masters twenty. It was forbidden, undera Ičegents.-At first there were three re
heavy penalty, to give any man the title of gents the arts; wit, Alexander Ged
to
in
Master, by word or writing, who had not des, Cistertian monk; Duncan Bunch
a
attained that degree; and the penalty was and William Arthurlie. Afterwards, we ;
still more heavy if any man took it to him find sometimes two, and sometimes but one.
self before he had lawfully obtained It seems to have been the most laborious
of it.
the University.
as
Academical degrees were considered and least coveted office

in
livine institution, (probably because insti Besides teaching and presiding disputa
in
by
be
Popes, who were thought tions omni die legibili, they lived within the
to
.uted
by
inspired the Holy Ghost); and, there College, eat

at
common table with the

a
fore, the chancellor vice-chancellor con arts, visited the rooms

or
of
of
students the
ferred them authoritate divina, night, when the
at
et
nomine students before nine

in
Patris, Filii, Spirités Sancti. gates were shut, and the morning,
et
at
five
in
IV. Teaching. —The last division we and assisted all examinations for degrees
in
In the beginning every session,

of
shall mention, into teachers, and those

in
arts.
is
who were taught. On this part they proposed the faculty the books they
to
of
the
constitution, the records that are extant prelect upon,
to
intended and had their

leave us much the dark. We know
in
Regens Artibus was not title appropri

in
toA
that four faculties were established; be

*
teacher the papdagogium college.This

or
ated
in
a
was only houseinto which certainmembersof the

a
OriginallyMagister,Doctor,andProfessorwere university were admitted, and where they were

*
Convertibleterms.-H. maintained and amongthesecertaingraduates,un

by
The Licensewas originally properlygranted derthe condition there teaching their faculty.
of
in
f
the Chancellor, and usuallyprecededthe highest Regere, regerescholas,meantsimply and gen

or
in
by
Degree, admission Faculty, year. This eral, teach and MagisterRegens, DoctorRé
ofor
to
or
or to
a
a ;
function the Chancellor—who, theolderuniver gems,denoted graduatewho actuallyexercisedhis

inof in
ities,was always the EcclesiasticalOrdinary his duty his privilege lecturing,&c. There were,
or
of
anandatory—was right exercised leastthere might havebeen,manyothergraduates

at
the continuance
a
prior the origin universities, theeleventhand

to
“regenting,”besidesthosewho had appointments

of
in
*welfthcenturies.—H. the paedagogium.—H.

THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. 725
permission. There was no salary for this they had these, and the other requisites,
office for many years; and the fees paid by they were presented by their regent to a
the hearers were very small. Twice we meeting of the Faculty, which, by statute,
find a regent presented by the chancellor, was appointed to be held annually the day
and one of these he turned off for insuffi after All-Saints.
ciency in two or three years. Once, the Ea'aminations.—When they were found
faculty turned one out for insufficiency, and to have all the requisita, or wanted only
put two in his place, with power to choose such as the faculty saw cause to dispense
a third, with the consent of the faculty, if with, four examinators, called temptatores,
they found it proper. All that had this were elected, to examine them, within ten
office, excepting two, continued in it but a days. Of the four temptatores, two were
few years; and very often one who was not regents, (when there were two,) and the
a member of the faculty was called to this other two non-regents. The examinators,
office, and made a regent immediately upon after examination, wrote, signed, and sealed
being incorporated. From these particu their report ; which contained not only the
lars, it is probable that there was no com name of those whom they found worthy,
petition either for this office or for the pa but their order, according to their merit;
tronage of it; but rather some difficulty to and, in this order, the dean conferred the
find persons qualified who were willing to degree of Bachelor of Arts. The examin
take it. ators, when they were chosen, took an oath
Books. –The books which students were to make a faithful report, and not to reveal
obliged to hear read, before taking the de the secrets of the examination. The can
gree of Bachelor, were prescribed by sta didates were also sworn not to reveal the
tute. They were, “Porphirie's Introduc Secrets of the examination ; nor to shew
tion to certain books of Aristotle,” and any resentment, by word or deed, against
“Petrus Hispanus.” The fee to be paid any fellow-candidate, by whom they had
for hearing each was also fixed.* When been refuted in the course of the examina
tion. The examination for the degrees of
* This feewascalled the Pastus It was exigible Licentiate and of Master was carried on in
by all unsalariedgraduatesfor their prelections.But
when the customof giving salariesto certaingradu the same way.
ates,i.e. of endowingcertainchairs,was introduced, Obligation.—In the oath taken by one
no fee couldbe legally demanded ; theendowment
wasin lieu of the pastus,a boon to the public and who took the degree of Master, he came
the poor; andit wasonly after thesesalariedgradu under an obligation de lectura ad biennium ;
ates,whoin timecametobecalledprofessors,had,by but this, which implied not only bis conti
their gratuitousinstruction,renderedthelecturesof
the graduatesat large a profitlessvocation—I say nuing his studies in the College for two
it was only when other lectureswere discontinued, years, but his giving lectures during that
competitionthus removed,and the wholeinstruc time, was very often dispensed with upon
tion, and oſten even the whole regulation,of the
university allowed to fall into their hands, that, paying a fine.”
by slowand imperceptibledegrees,fees were again
introduced, and in different schools and coun
tries, by differentmeans, sometimeslegally, more amountof feesthus exacted; whereby,in the ſac
frequentlyillegally, raisedto the footing of compul ulty of arts, the poor student is obliged to payas
sory exactions. The recordsof the University of high (and in one class even higher) to the well
Glasgowshewthe progressof theinnovationin that endowedprofessors of a provincial university,as he
institution. In the earlier ages,and when the sal does to thoseof the metropolitanuniversity, who
aried graduates—theregentsof the patedagogium—enjoy no salariesworth taking into account. But,
were very inadequatelyprovidedfor, honoraria,or while commentingon the impropriety of the pro
voluntary offerings, by the richer students,were ceeding,it is singularthat the Commissionershave
naturallymade. Thesegraduallybecamecustomary; not advertedto its palpableillegality. If the city of
were,in time, lookeduponasa due; and,by Sanction Glasgow should vindicate its right of control, this
of the Moderators,(not Professors,) a graduatedscale mightbe exertednot merely asa salutarycheck on
was,fromtimeto time,fixed,accordingto whichstu the irregular imposition of fees, but indirectly be
dentsof differentranks wereexpectedto contribute. employedas a mean of raising the characterof the
The poorer scholarswere alwaysdeclaredfree, and universityitself,by extortinga reformin the present
thoseeducated for the churchbeinggenerallyof that modeof its academicalpatronage—thatby Self-elec
description,no customof honorarieswas everintro tion. Seeabove,p.43, a, note*.-H.
ducedinto the theologicalclasses. The city of Glas * This statementis quite correct. This interval
gow had been a considerable benefactorof the col wasthe periodof what,in the olderuniversities,was
lege; and the corporation,till a late period, took calledthe necessary regency. I seethatthismatteris
carethatits citizensshouldenjoytheir originalpriv mistakenin theable Report relativeto the Univers
ilegeof gratuitousinstruction,or, at least,pay only ity of Glasgow,by the Commissionerson the Uni
suchfeesas theythemselves deemedreasonable;for, versitiesand Collegesof Scotland. The phrase is
at every new regulationtouching“schollages,”or theresupposedto mean,only a continuationof study
“ honoratºries,”it is stated,either that the children in the Faculty for two yearssubsequentto the de
of thecitize:is shall beentitledto gratuitouseduca gree of A. M. In the English universitiesthe dis
tion, or that theyshallbeliablein paymentonly “in pensationis still in use; and,on thesuppositionthat
such proportionsand ratesastheTown Counciland they arethenactuallyteaching,Masters,during this
Moderators,after conference, shall agreeupon.” At interval, have certain privilegesin the university
length, since the commencement of the present which theymaynot afterwardsenjoy. The practice
century,theProfessors seemto havetakenuponthem was originallyuniversal. In the first place,it was
selves,to doubleandtreblethe previousrateof fees necessary to ensureinstructionin the departmentof
withoutthesanctionof the Moderators,far lessthe the faculty; and, in the secondplace,our ancestors
consentof the city. The Commissioners of Inquiry knew, it seems,betterthan wethe valueof intellect
into thestateof the Universitiesof Scotlandanim ual exercise,and, in particular, that the most ef.
advert severelyupon the improprietyof the high fectivemeansof learningis to teach.
Lectures.—The statutes of this faculty founder and his friends; for which he had
suppose that every master is to give pre small annuity. These chaplainries were
a
the regents
of
commonly given
to
of
lections; for they enjoin, that, on the day some
in which the dean is chosen, the masters, college arts; perhaps because they
of
the
were the poorest
in
the Sacerdotal order
of
according to their seniority, shall name the
book upon which they are to prelect; and the university. This patronage and this
appears, were all the pro
as
as
that, if two masters choose the same book, purse, far
the senior be preferred, unless there be so perty which the university ever possessed.
Nor does appear that the faculties
of
many hearers that both may prelect on the
it
theology, canon civil law, ever had any
or
same book, at the same time, in different
schools. But, in the minutes of faculty, property. The individuals had rich livings
all
parts the nation—abbacies,
of
there is no mention of any such lectures through
being proposed or given by any master but priories, prebends, rectories, and vicarages:
the magistri regentes.” but the community had nothing. ‘Its privi
leges were the inducement bring rich
to
The manner of teaching and of hearing
society, which they
in
ecclesiastics into
as is,
be
by the statutes, ordained
In to
a
the same
ease, free all taxes, and subject
at
of
Bononia and Pisa. many otherlived
in
in
no
authority but that
the fo
to
of
things, the practice their own rector.
of
of
some one
Arts, however, being per
of
reign universities made the rule but The College
is
;
haps thought the most useful part
as of
England are never mentioned. the
of
those
whole, and entitled public favour, en
to
Discipline.—Corporeal punishment was
youth,
of
sometimes inflicted upon students trusted with
the the education soon
in
have some property. In the year
to
College For some faults, the sta came
of
Arts.
1459, James Lord Hamilton bequeathed
be
tutes order the punishment

to
inflicted
Mr Duncan Bunch, principal regent
of
to
caligis lawatis.
the College Arts, and his successors,
of
Property.—It may appear strange that
regents, for the use the said College—a
of
this University was founded without any
on
property lands, houses, tenement, with the pertinents, lying the
It
in
or
rents.
north side of the church and convent of the
every in
as
as
came into the world naked

Predicators, together with four acres
of
dividual does. The congregatio universita land
the Dow hill.” From this time we find
in
tis was always held the cathedral. Some

at
the purse the faculty arts, which ap
of
of
times the doctors and masters met at the

pears,
of
to
the Dominicans, Predicators, have been heavier than that the

or
of
convent
they were called. All the lectures we University, employed repairing and add in
as
ing buildings College; furnish

to
of
theology, canon the the

or
civil
in
find mentioned
law, were read there. There was an uni ing rooms for the regents and students;
versity purse, into which some perquisites, and things necessary for the kitchen, and
a
paid incorporation, and examinations, common table.
at
at
the year 1466, another tenement, ad

In
and promotions degrees, were put. From

of to
joining the College, was bequeathed by

to
this purse, caps ceremony were furnished,

after some years: but, defray the expense Mr Thomas Arthurlie. By this time,
to
many arts were the youth

of
of
be
mace, the students

or
to
carried before
of
silver rod
a
the nation, whose good education was

of
certain solemnities,
a
at
the rector was

it
importance the public. They

to
of
necessary tax all the incorporated matter

to
found
were distinguished, according their rank,
to
members; and, on that occasion, we are

of
noblemen, gentlemen, and

of
of
told that David Cadzow, who was then into sons

meaner rank; and, the expense
of
in
rector, gave twenty nobles. those

education, were taxed accordingly.
of
Two three chaplainries were be their

or
we can learn, was the

as
as
Such, far
queathed, under the patronage the uni
of
the University Glasgow

is of
of
versity, by some its first members. The constitution

of
perform certain before the Reformation. There reason to

duty the chaplain was
to
of
think, that, when the zeal

of
favour
in
masses, such an altar, for the Souls

a
of
at
the
began cool, the three
to
new institution
As wasproverbiallysaid— higher faculties gradually declined into in
it
Disceré quaris, doceas:sic ipsedoceris; activity.

si
Nam studiotali tibi proficisatquesodali. Defects.—From the year 1490, we find

Those graduateswho not merelyperformedtheir
necessaryregency, frequent complaints, masters not attend
of
obligationduring the years

ofof
but exercisedtheir privilege teachingwhen that ing university meetings; statutes having
of
periodwas an end, werecalled voluntaryrege.,ts,

at
fallen into disuse; bachelors and licenti

of
*. ad
(regentes placitum.)—H.
lin
regard theterm Magistri regentes,

to
seeabove
*
This practice arrangingthe books this deed, the regentsand studentsare re

bep.
b,
724,
to
In
of
*
by
prelectedon ordinary (ordinarie) the regent quired,everyday afterdinner and after Supper,
to
in
up
masters,wasgeneral the ICuropean schools. We stand and pray for the souls Jaliles Lord Ham
of
at in
havesomecuriouslists the books,and the var ilton, founder thecollege; Euphemiahis spouse,
of
of
of
of
ious rates pastus which the lectureson them Countess Douglass; hisancestors andsuccessors;
of
of
of
werestinted, the historics the universities and all from whomhe hasreceivedanybenefit,for
of
of
of
in
Viennaand Ingolstadt.—H, which he hasnot made properrcturn.

a
ates not proceeding in their degrees; of the

jurisdiction of the University not being re III. HISTORY AFTER THE ReformATION.
spected. Sometimes, at the election of a
rector, not one of the nation of Albany was The reformation in religion, established
present; and once, none either of Albany by act of Parliament in the year 1560,
or of Teviotdale. There seems only to have brought the University of Glasgow almost
been one dean in the University for some to annihilation. The dignitaries of the
time before the Reformation, to wit, the church and convents, of whom its doctors
dean of the faculty of arts ; and, therefore, and masters were composed, were no more.
it is probable the other faculties had no The Chancellor, James Beaton, fled to
meetings. In the later minutes of the Uni France, and carried with him the plate of
versity he is called Decanus Facultatis, the cathedral, with the bulls, charter, and
without addition; whereas, more early, he rights both of the see and of the University,
is always Decanus Facultatis Artium.” This which he deposited partly in the Convent
style, of Dean of Faculty of the University, of the Carthusians, and partly in the Scotch
which we see was a considerable time be College at Paris, (where they lately were.)
fore the Reformation, continues to be used to be restored when Popery should be re
to this day; there being only one dean of established. It ought to be observed, to
faculty in that University, who is considered the honour of that college, that they have
not as the head of one particular faculty, always been ready to give extracts from the
but in the light of an university officer, as originals deposited with them, as well as to
the rector is. gratify the curious by the inspection of
There seem to have been two obvious them. The late Principal Gordon, of that
defects in the ancient constitution of the college, made a present to
the University
University. The first, that no salaries were of Glasgow of a copy of the chartulary of
provided for regular lectures in the high the Chapter of Glasgow, notorially attested.
faculties. It was not to be expected, that All that was now to be seen of the Uni
the laborious work of teaching shoulu he versity was that small part, called the Col
performed by those who could not live by it; lege of Arts, or Padagogium; * the least in
and who could not, by their industry and dignity, though perhaps not the least useful.
eminence in their profession, rise to some This small part, with
its
small property—
by
degree of respect proportioned to what their probably much impaired the confusion
talents and learning might have raised them times, rights—re
of
the and the loss

of
in another line of life. The second defect—

as
the ancient University,

of
mained relic
a
That there was not sufficient power over and reformed University, de
of
seed
a
the University to remedy disorders, when pendent for its subsistence and growth on
these became general, and infected the future benefactions. The rich fabric
of
the
whole body. The chancellor had, by his Popish hierarchy, Scotland, was pulled
in
by
oath already mentioned, divested himself down with more zeal than prudence,
a
of the power which the Pope's Bull gave fierce nation, long oppressed, and little
him ; and neither royal nor parliamentary regular government. All
to
accustomed
or
visitations, so frequent afterwards, were who had neºrer interest scrambled for
then introduced. +
he
we haveobse,ved that Glasgow; for gave

of
in
to
Salaries(notilliberalfor thetimes) thosewho were

This conjecture confirmedby notarial in teach theology,canon and civil law, medicine,
to
is
a
*
strumentof the foundationof chaplainry,by Mr languages, and philosophy,andpensions

to
certain
aa
ThomasLeiss, whilehe wason sick-bed,butsound number poorstudents;and likewise appointed

of
his mind. This instrumentwas taken, the 8th visitorialpower,reserving himself, chancellor,
in
to as
to
.
day March, year 1529, respectable

of
the and hissuccessorsi that office, dictatorialpower,

ofin
before
beto
witnesses,five whom signed with the notary. exercisedoccasionally according thereport

to
of
it
the notarysays—Constituitdomimumrectorcm thevisiters.

In
it
UniversitatisGlasguensis decanumfacultatisejus James Beaton,thelast Popish Archbishop Glas

ct
of
dem, indubitatospatronos. From this, appears, gow, dcServes

to
also be mentionedwithhonour. His

init
that only onedeanexisted thattime the Uni fidelity, depositingeverything

at
orhe
away,
in
versity, wasexpected exist; andwe know that that belonged the Archbishopric carried
ofor
to
to
to
the Univer.
dean the faculty artswaschosenannually, till sity, the Convent the Carthusians,
p.of
or
of
in
in
the
a
the year1555. [See 729,note.-H ScotchCollege Paris, was never questioned. His
at
by
of
Whateverwerethecauses declension this politicalabilityappears his havingbeenappointed

#
in
University beforethe Reformation,the annals one of the Scottish ambassadors, the court of
at
of
literature mention very few its memberswho France, for settlingthe articles the Queen'smar
in of
of
madeany considerable figure the learnedworld. riagewith the Dauphin his having been again ap
at ;
Oue,however,deserves be mentioned. William pointedher ambassador that court,andcontinuing

to
Elphinston,whohadbeen canon Glasgow,and

in
that officefrom the time of the Reformationtill

ofof
ofa
hadbornethe officesboth rector the University, herdeath and, afterthat tragicalevent, his being
;
anddean the faculty arts,was eminent the appointedKing James'sambassadora thesamecourt,

of
of
in
of t
knowledgeboth the canonandcivil law. He was and holdingthatofficetill the time his own death
of
madeBishop Aberdeen,and Chancellcr Scot

be
1603,when King, James came

of
King
of
to
in
in ofof
land; and was employedin, severalembassies England. This archbishopleftseveralmonuments

to
foreigncourts. He foundedthe University Old his learning manuscript,which are preserved

of
in
Aberdeen, the year 1496; and, either,from the theScotchCollege Paris, which
he
bequeathed
or in
at
to
experience whathehadseen the University the greatestpart hiseffects his death.

of
at
of
of
in
Glasgow, from deeperknowledge human synonymous. Seeabove, 723, note

p.
b,
of
#
ina
he
nature, supplied, hisuniversity,boththedefects No.

the wreck. The crown, the nobility, and dious sustentation, all and sundry the lands,
it;
the cities, were enriched by some crumbs tenements, houses, biggings, kirks, chapels,
came, by second hand, yards, orchards, crofts, annual-rents, fruits,
to
the universities.
Queen Mary’s Charter.—The first who duties, profits and emoluments, mails,
the University Glas obit-silver, and anniversaries whatsoever,
on
had compassion
of
gow, its depressed state, was the fam which pertained whatsoever chappels,
to
in what
In
in
ous and the unfortunate Queen Mary. altarages, prebendaries, founded
college within the said city;
or
charter granted by her, and ever kirk
or
to
which
a
places all the friars
of
the same
of
appended, dated the 13th
of
her privy seal the
is
by
July 1560, there city, according the gift made
to
the following narra
to
them
of
is
tive :—“Forasmuch as, within the citie Queen, under the Great Seal, the 26th
of
the
Glasgow, ane colledge and universitie was March 1566.” They likewise will and de
the whilke col clare, that the said College, the fifteen per
be
devysit hade, &c.,

to
of
ledge ane part the scoles and chalmers Sons before mentioned, and all others who
of
the same, and their ser
be
being bigget, the rest thairof, alsweil dwel
in
shall students
omni jurisdic
ab
be
provision for the poor bursars and vants, shall exempted
as
lings
teach, ceasit, swa that the samyn tione ordinaria mecnon ab omnibus cus
to
;
maisters
ane uni
be
appeared rather the decay tumis, exactionibus pedariis, intra civita
et
to
of
tem nostram impositis, vel imponendis.
It
be
versity, nor onieways

to
reckonit ane
be
consequence
of
to
Therefore, for the this
in
understood
is
establisht foundation.”
letters, &c., she founds five charter, that the magistrates Glasgow,
of
to
zeal she bore

poor children bursars within the said col deputation from them, still continue
or
a
inspect the accompts
be
come, bur annually
of
the old
of to
lege, called,
to
to
all times
in
sars of her foundation and for their sus the College which the parti
in
revenue
;
tentation, she gives this donation were comprehended,”
of
culars
to
of
the Masters the
it,
said college and university the manse and though the greatest part which con
of
kirk the Friars Predicators, with thirteen sisted small ground annuals,
of now
is
of
-
ground adjacent, and several other lost.
of
acres
might think, that, for
to
rents and annuities therein named, which One when the
had belonged the College were added
of
to
the said friars.” mer revenue

Queen Mary, and
of
Burgh Charter.—The next benefaction these donations of the
college char city Glasgow, must have been com
of
to
of in
contained
it
made this
is
pletely endowed for the maintenance
of
ter, granted by Sir John Stewart Mynto,
provost, with the bailies, council, and com fifteen persons; yet was soon found ne
it
cessary increase the revenue, and
to
the city Glasgow, the year
to
munity
byof
in
of
be
persons main
to
of
1572, and ratified the Parliament the diminish the number

by
For, although the property
of
same year. They, considering that, besides
it.
tained
other detriment their town sustained, their the Dominican Friars Glasgow was cer
in
schools and colleges were utterly ruined; tainly very considerable before the Reform
to be
that the College could make

all
and their youth, who were wont ation, yet

to
trained
be
probity and good morals, left cor that, and all their funds taken
of
effectual
to
by
by
idleness and wantonness; and, together, amounted only, their rental,

to
rupted
£300 Scotch money.-f
so
being earnestly desirous remedy great

to
more effectual benefaction was made

A
an
evil, by the exhortation, counsel, and

respectable this poor society, the year 1577, by
to
in
Master Andrew
of
aid the most

Hay, Rector Renfrew, and King James VI., his minority, with the
in
of
of
the church
Vice-Superintendent, the Earl Morton,
of
of
and Rector for the advice and consent

time, their University Glasgow—re
of
of
Hence, too, the privilege thecitizens Glas

of
in of
*
restore, renew, and give gow, which havealluded previousnote.—H.

to
new
to
solved
a
in a
so l
The reasonwhydonations, appearance liberal,

the Padagogium Glasguense,
to
foundation
smallaccount,was, partly, that the
of to
turnedout
quod pro sumptuum inopia pene corruerat, Popish ecclesiastics,secularand regular, though
quo, pro mimia paupertate, disciplin worshipwas totallyabolishedthrough
et
their form
in
the wholenation, continued enjoytheir temporali

to
arum studia eatincta jacebant. For this third part

tiesfor life, subject
to
to
of
taxation
ofa
a
purpose, they annex the said college, the Crown, out which the clergy the reformed
to
beof
maintained;p.rtly, that thosein

to
the regents and students after churchwere

to
and
Cumbents,during their life, practisedmany arts
to
being fifteen per

it,
named, residing within alienate,their revenues laymen, either from

to
by
all, “for their honest and commo friendship for their own profit, pretendedfeu
or
in
Sons
contracts,perpetual long leases,and manyother
or
The name bursar, bursarius,wasanciently means, which their private interest, their regard
anor
of
*
given the treasurer university college, relations, their hatred- the new religion,sug
or
of
to
of
or
of
to
a
whokept thecommonpurse thecommunity. Wé gested.

of
Seethat, QueenMary'stime, thisnamehad come Some thesepretendedalienations,made the

to
in
of
be
given poor students,probablybecausethey the college,were afterwardsreducedand

of
to
to
hurt
by
of on
werepensioners thecommon purse. Her gift the annulled by the courts law, some arbitration.
of
is
we
first havemet with, that wasdestinedparticularly Probablymanymore might havebeenreduced but

;
support such poor that very often the subjectwas toosmall bearthe
to
of
for the certain number

a
be
students,whomsheappoints expense lawsuit, possessiontoo

to
of
calledbursars
or
in
the man
toof
a
by
be
herfoundation. powerful sued the college.

The UNIVERSITY OF GLASGow. 729
an
Regent of the kingdom. That was the rec give account, every day,
to
to
and the
tory and vicarage of the parish of Govan, Principal and Regents,
of
his disburse
of which the incumbent was lately dead, The Rector, the Dean Faculty,
of
ments.
and the value reckoned about twenty-four Glasgow, are author
of
and the Minister
It was found, however, that the visit the College four times
to
ized the
in
chalders.
late incumbent had, before his death, given year, examine and authenticate the pub
to
be
a nineteen years’ lease of the temporality to lic accounts, things
to
and see that all
a friend, and that friend had transferred his carried on according
to
of
the intention this
By this, and foundation, and
to
right to a man in power. correct what was not.
some other incumbrances, all that the Col Privileges and Da'emptiºns.—All dona
by
it,
lege could draw from for about twenty tions formerly made the College, what
to
soever person persons,
or
years, was only 300 merks yearly.
of
whatsoever
rank, are ratified. And the whole revenue
formerly belonging to, now granted, the
or
IV. MODERN CONSTITUTION. Ring declares and ordains, for him and his
be
successors, shall enjoyed by the said
New Royal Charter.—With this gift, College, free from any taxation
of
third
a
King James gave charter part, any other taxation whatsoever;
or
to
of
foundation
a
any law, custom, act, Par
or
the College, which,
he of
its most essential ordinance
in
articles, has continued this day. liament, notwithstanding. Finally,

to
force wills
in
commonly called the nova erectio all declares, That the College and Uni
It
and
is
the pri
all
subsequent changes being superstructures versity Glasgow shall enjoy
of
by
upon this foundation. The charter proceeds vileges and immunities, his ancestors,
upon this narrative :—Intelligentes quod by him, any other way, granted any
or
to
as
annua proficua reditus collegii, sew Paeda university his kingdom, freely, peace
et
in
wt
as
gogii Glasguensis, tam ea'igua sunt, hac ably, and quietly had enjoyed them
if
it
nostra actate minime sufficientia sint ad from ancient times before the memory
of
by
sustentandum principalem, magistros re men. This charter was ratified the
King, after major
he
gentes, bursarios, the years

in
et
to
of
officiarios necessarios came
ad
quovis collegio; mec ity, and confirmed by act Parliament,

of
in
adminiculandum
reparationi ejusdem. And the year 1587.
et
sustentationi
afterwards—Dum animum nostrum adjecer. Government.—In Glasgow, the whole
imus ad colligendas reliquias property and revenue pertaining
to
academiae the
Glasguensis quam prae inopia languescent University, vested the college, and
in
is
is
;
ac
tem, jam pene confectam reperimus.— administrated by meeting the Principal

of
a
The persons founded by this charter are and Professors, commonly called the College
twelve Principal, three Regents, four Meeting, and very, often, though perhaps
a
;
an
Bursars, OEconomºus Steward, Cook, with less propriety, the Faculty Meeting.
to or
Porter, and the Principal. The record this meeting

of
Servant visited and

is
a
Principal was by the Rector, Dean

of
to
Establishment.—The authenticated
teach Theology one day, and Hebrew and Faculty, the High
of
and the Minister

Syriac the next alternately, through the Glasgow.
of
of
Church Other business

week; and preach the University, besides matters revenue,
to
of
of
the church
in
on
Sunday. Of the Regents, one was and the discipline the students,
of
Govan
is
another, managed called an University

to
teach Greek and Rhetoric what

or in
; is
;
Dialectics, Morals, and Politics, with the Meeting, Senate which the Rector
in
Arithmetic and Geometry.; and Faculty sit, along with the

of
of
elements and Dean

the third, who was also Sub-Principal, was Principal and Professors. Indeed, besides
to
the Univer
all
teach all the branches Physiology and the College,

of
of
that remains
Geography, Chronology and Astrology. sity Chancellor, Rector, and Dean.
is
a
be
The Principal presented by the We see that the Nova Erectio supposes
to
Crown; the Regents

no
be elected by the their existence; but makes change with

to
Rector, Dean Faculty, and the Prin regard their powers, except giving
to
of to
of
in
the two last, together with the Minister

as
cipal. The Regents were not, was the

other Scottish universities, Glasgow, visitorial power over the College.
to
of
custom
a
The Rector and Dean are chosen annually;

on
carry their students through the three

keep by one profes
as
they were
in
years’ course; but much the same manner

to
the University.*
so
that the student had new Regent

of
sion from the first foundation

a
;
be
every year. The Bursars were main The Rector always names the Principal and
to
tained for three years and half within the

a
The Dean—theDean the Facultyof Arts, he

of
College; that being the time required

in
not. He wasoriginally,and, on the constitutional

is
the Scottish universities for acquiring the principle the University, he ought now,
to
of
be
by
elected the whole body graduates this Fa

of
of
degree Arts. The Steward

of
of
Master culty Arts, (for they constitutethatfaculty which

of
collect the whole revenues, and

to
; to
was an whiversity,not college

i ncorporation,)
and not
is
e.,
all
provide necessaries for the College table by the Professorsonly, the collegiate salaried
or
i.
73() A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF
Professors to be his Assessors; and, with those who were in the lower were commonly
them, occasionally forms a court of law, for advanced a step ; and the new chosen Re
judging in pecuniary questions, and less gent had the profession of Greek for his
atrocious crimes, wherein any member of department.
the University was party. The University In this state, the College continued for a
has always maintained its exemption from long time; excepting that, in the year
all jurisdiction of the City Magistrates, but 1621, by a meeting of the visitºrs, in which
not of the Sheriff or Court of Session. the Archbishop was present, the principal
This may suffice for a general view of was freed from the duty of preaching in the
the constitution of the university, since the church of Govan. A minister was appointed
reformation from Popery. As to the state to have the pastoral charge of that parish,
of its revenues during that period, it has to whom a stipend was provided out of the
been much indebted both to our princes and teinds of the parish ; the patronage of the
to subjects. Its declension before the reign church being reserved to the University,
of James VI. was not more remarkable than and the minister being obliged “to read
its progress since that period. From the Some public lecture in the common schools
small beginning derived from the bounty of of the college, as shall be prescribed to him
that prince, it continued to prosper to the by the officers of the University, and Mas
era of the Restoration ; having, at that ters of the College.” This change they .
time, besides a Principal, eight Professors, were enabled to make, from having, by an
a Librarian, with a tolerable Library, the act of Parliament, in the year 1616, been
number of its Bursars increased, and an vested in the tithes of the parishes of Kil
additional number of other Students of all bride and Renfrew ; burdened with the
ranks. A renewal of the fabric (which payment of stipends to the ministers of
had been ruinous) was begun and carried these two parishes, which are modified by
on, with great enlargement, in an elegant the act; and likewise burdened with the
manner for the time; but not finished. life-rent of the persons who were at that
time titulars of these tithes. In the year
1637, it appears that a Master or Professor,
V. DONATIONS. Humaniorum Literarum, commonly called
Professor of Humanity, had been founded.*
his sig
by
I.,
Soon after the new foundation, in the In the year 1641, Charles
year 1581, the Archbishop gave to the Col nature, gave the College the temporality
to
lege the customs of the city of Glasgow, by the bishopric Galloway; reserving
to
of
of
which it was enabled to found a fourth himself the power burdening

of
with the
it
A new body of statutes was formed
byhe
regent. £100 sterling, any person
to
of
sum
about this time, which are extant. By should name. This gift was confirmed
an
them it appears that the Principal and four Parliament the same year. The
of
act
regents were put to very hard and constant the University be
of
of
office Chancellor
in by
labour; and the students kept under very coming vacant Episco
of
the abolition
strict discipline. Of the Regents, the first pal government the church, James Mar
and highest was Professor of Physiology, quis Hamilton was chosen chancellor,
of
and Sub-Principal ; the second was Profes and was the first layman who bore that of.
sor of Moral Philosophy; the third of Logic fice. After him, William Earl Glen
of
and Rhetoric ; and the fourth of Greek. cairn was chosen, the year 1660.
in
Their salaries rose in gradation; and, when Though the greatest part
to of
the Masters
any of the higher offices became vacant, submitted with reluctance the govern
Oliver Cromwell, and wished re
of
ment
a
Masters,who are only members qua Masters; the monarchy, under proper lim
toof
of
storation
a it
is on
no
for, principle, one eligible professorship

inis
itations, the Principal, Mr Patrick Gillespie,

who not graduate the relative faculty.
bytoIn
a
like manner, the other facultiesought severally was zealous republican and, by the in
a
Thavetheir own Deanselected the sameway terest he had with Oliver, obtained great
in
their graduates large; Dean of Faculties an

at
is
a
academicalsolecism. Each Facultyalsoshouldcon favours for the University. The Protector

and his counsel renewed all its immunities
its
fer properdegreesapart from everyother; and

its
establish own by-lawsand statutes. The college privileges; adding printing bi

of
and that
so
not the wrviversity, though they are now con

is
all
bles, and books belonging

to
of
fusedly mixcd up together. As the right sorts the

to
of
graduates large constitutethe university, liberal sciences, and licensed by the Uni
at
to
the
ratify its laws; this was recognised Glas.
to
and
in
versity. He confirmed all former founda

so
as
as
gow, late the year 1727,when, remember

I
moticing the academicalrecords,which had oc

in
casionsomeyearsago examine, wasfoundneces

to
the year1637, meeting the Visiters, the

to of
In
it
a
*
sary, conformity principleandpractice,(notthen Archbishop being present, appointed Mr Robert

to
in
forgotten,) summon Congregation Graduates, Mayne, then Professor Logic,

be
to
of
of
of
Professor
a
by
order legalisethestatutesproposed the Visita. Medicine,and give lectures that science. At

to
in
to
in
tion thatdate. All constitutionalprincipleshave, the sametime, the Professor Greekwasadvanced

of
of
as
however, this our other British universi

soin
in
the profession Logic; the Professor Human

to
of
of
ities, been long violatedwith impunity,that they ity the profession Greek; and new Professor
to
of
are now conscientiously ignored.—H. of Humanitywaschosen.

-
tions, mortifications, and donations made Glasgow and soon after, still
bishopric
of
;
the bishop secure the payment, the College
of its
favour, particularly that
to
in
of
better
of
added the va lease of the whole rent the
he
ric Galloway; obtained
to
a
which
cant stipends the parishes which had archbishopric for nineteen years, which
of
to
the patronage the bishop lease has from time
Gal time been renewed
of
of
in
been
loway, for seven years by the Crown.
come and also,
to
;
The University began now
to
perpetuity, the revenues deanery raise her
in
of
the
of by
head, after
Glasgow. This last gift, long period depression,
of
and sub-deanery
of
a
however, was accompanied with several lim debt and poverty, and by the diminution
itations and restrictions, by which the Col her professors. The exertions which were
lege had not the possession made about this time were encouraged by
the subjects of
the great number
and, his acts being Princi
of
while his power lasted her students.
;
pal Stirling,
fell, his diary, says, that the
in
the Restoration,
in
of
at
rescinded it
course, and had no effect. year 1702 the students Theology, Greek,
of
Episcopal gov
and Philosophy, amounted upwards
to
of
The re-establishment
of
ernment in the church after the restoration four hundred and two. The great demand
Charles II, gave for clergymen, fill the vacant benefices,
to
to
severe check the

of
by
the University; immediately after the establishment
of
prosperity depriving the
of of
the best part Presbyterian government, occasioned the

of
its revenue—
at
once
to it
greater
of
Galloway. number students
of
wit, that the bishopric attendance
of
of
a
be
Before arrangements could made, suited

about the beginning this century, than
of
any former period.
at
this impoverished state, great debt was

to
Hu
In
the year 1706, the profession
of
contracted. Of the eight professions which
had been established, three were sunk;
manity was revived; and Mr Andrew Ross
and
was appointed professor.
very
to
those that remained were reduced

a
In
short allowance. The College now consist the year 1708, her Majesty Queen
Anne was pleased grant the Univers to
ed
Principal, Theology,
of
Professor
of
a
a
ity £210 sterling yearly, payable out
of
and four Regents; very scanty revenue,
a
the Exchequer; one part which was
of
debt; and large fabric unfinished.
in
sunk
a
the universities was ap appropriated for salaries Professor

to
of
visitation
A
a
Anatomy and Botany, and Pro
to
pointed by Parliament, the year 1664.
of
in
a
The noblemen, gentlemen, and clergy, who Oriental Languages and an
of
fessor ;
visited the College Glasgow, after other part for augmenting the salaries
of
of
it
a
their revenue, report— the Principal and Professors, according

toof
of
strict examination
“That the sum nine hun scheme of division mentioned the by in
of
three thousand
a
dred and forty-one pounds Scotch, yearly, deed. This gift has been renewed all
.
the Subsequent sovereigns.

be
be
will speedily provided for

to
necessar
by
unto the University, otherways The gift per annum, King

or
of
must £300
it
be
William, was for some time directed

to
quickly decay and ruine.” Besides this,

they found great debt;applied for extinguishing the college debts,
and
of
had load
it
that many professions were wanting which and supporting four Bursars. By subse
a
have, but cannot for the pre Queen Anne, the year
it of
ought quent deed

in
to
it
revenue. In
1713, part was continued for the said
of
sent possibly have for want

of
this report the visiters were unanimous. purposes and the remainder appropriated
;
Civil Law, and

In
this state the University remained till

of
to
for salaries Professor

a
true that, Professor of Medicine.

in
a
It
after the Revolution.

is
this interval, received several consider His Majesty King George was pleased
I.
it
able donations and mortifications grant, out

but the archbishop
of
to
of
the rents
;
these were all appropriated, by the donors, ric, new gift £170 per annum; which
of
a
was appropriated for salary

on
to
of
the carrying the building, Professor

or
of
to
either
a
a
Ecclesiastical History, and for augmenting

and were
to of
bursars
to
the foundation
;
applied these purposes. the other professors.

of
faithfully the smaller salaries

So
By these royal donations, the whole
of
that must have required great economy the

it
by
rent paid the College, for the lease

of
great lenity
as
as
professors,
in
the well
in
-their creditors, preserve them from bank the archbishopric, exhausted; and regu
to
is
lar accompts thereof are transmitted

to
ruptcy, during this long interval. the

Exchequer.
-
In
the year 1693, each

of of
the Scottish
universities obtained gift Since that time, there has been one pro
£300 a-year
a
by
the bishops’ rents The this University, the

to
Scotland.
in
fession added
of
out
the University bounty
Glasgow, King George II.
of
sum payable
of of
to
was allocated upon the income Alexander Macfarlane, Esq.,

the arch Jamaica,
of
an
astronomical observatory
in
had erected
college Glasgowwere,
At
the his death,

of
of
The visiters the that island for his own use.

*
Archbishop Glasgow,the Bishop Galloway

of
of
of
he
bequeathed his astronomical apparatus

to
:
the nobility,Hamilton, Montrose,Argyle, Kilmar

on
nock,Cochran; besidesgentlemenand clergy. the College Glasgow, condition that

of
|
732 A STATISTICAL Account OF
they should build an observatory, and ap servient to natural philosophy, and to many
point an observer. The College very readily of the practical arts. There is also a Pro
accepted the condition, and built an observ fessor of Practical Astronomy, whose busi
atory; and, in the year 1760, his Majesty ness is to make observations, for the im
was pleased to grant a presentation to Dr provement of that great branch of physics.
Alexander Wilson, to be Professor of Prac After the course of general education,
tical Astronomy and Observer, with a salary- above-mentioned, a provision is made for
of £50 yearly out of the Exchequer. what are called the three learned profes
It will not be expected that we should sions—Divinity, Law, and Medicine. For
enumerate the donations made by subjects: the peculiar education of Churchmen,
of books or prints to the public library, or there are four Professors: the Principal,
money to purchase books—of money for who is Primarius Professor of Theology,
prizes to the more deserving students in and has, besides, the Superintendence of the
the several classes—of money for carrying whole University; and the respective Pro.
on the buildings—of money, or land, for the fessors of Theology, of Oriental Languages,
foundation of bursars in philosophy, in the and of Church History. This last is also
ology, and in medicine. The names of lecturer in Civil History.
many of these benefactors are now little In Law there is only one professor.
known but in the annals of the University There are, by the constitution, no more
of Glasgow, where they will always be pre than two professors allotted to the faculty
served. Some may be mentioned, whose of Medicine—to wit, a professor of the
attention to the interest of this society does Theory and Practice of Medicine, and a
them honour. Among these are, Anne professor of Anatomy and Botany. But
Duchess of Hamilton ; Rabina, Countess the University, out of its funds, and with
of Forfar; William Earl of Dundonald; the assistance of private donations, has made
the Duke of Chandos; the Duke of Mon an annual provision for three additional
trose; Dr Robert Leighton, Archbishop of lecturers—in Chemistry, in Materia Medica,
-
Glasgow; and Boulter, Archbishop of Ar and in Midwifery.
magh. Of commoners—Mr Snell, Dr Wil The University has now the prospect of
liams, Dr Walton, and the late Dr William a great and important addition being soon
Hunter, are distinguished by the largeness made to the faculty of Medicine. The late
of their donations. Rev. Dr Walton, of Upton, in Hunting
donshire, about twenty years ago, in a tour
to Scotland, visited the University of Glas
vI. PRESENT STATE,
its
gow ; and, approving of constitution and

conducting education, gave
of
to
mode the
From the foregoing statement, it appears University £400 sterling; the interest
of
that the ancient constitution of the Univers
he
which, his death, appropriated for the

at
ity of Glasgow, in the distribution support

of
of medical student during the

a
Sciences and modes of teaching, as well as About five years

of
course his education.

in the form of its government, was very ago, the same generous benefactor mortified
similar to that of all the other universities £1000 sterling,
of
at
the additional sum his

of Europe. The alterations which it has death, the University, for the purpose
to
of
undergone, in later times, are such as might supporting lecturer any branch me
of
in
of a
be expected from the changes of opinion dicine,

or
science connected with medi

with respect to literary objects, and from cine, which the University should judge
other varying circumstances. The pro most expedient necessary. By the Doc
or
gress of knowledge, and the increasing de tor’s death, which happened about three years
mand for literature, have produced many ago, both these donations now take effect.
additional departments of science, to those Miss Christian Brisbane, sister
of
the
which were originally thought worthy of a late Dr Brisbane, Professor
of
Medicine
particular teacher. What is called the this University,
in
of
mortified the sum

curriculum, or ordinary course of public £1000 sterling; the interest
of of
which she
education, comprehends at present five appropriated for the support medical
a
branches—the Latin and Greek languages, student, two years this University,
at
and
Logic, Moral Philosophy, and Natural Phil other two years any other celebrated
at
osophy. These branches are understood to

on
Britain,
of
or
school medioine
in
the
require the study of five separate sessions. Continent,
as
the University shall direct.

During their attendance upon these The late celebrated Dr William Hunter,
an
courses of languages and philosophy, and London, formerly

of
of
alumnus this
particularly before they enter the class of na University, and, during the whole
of
his
tural philosophy, the students are expected life, warmly attached its interests, be
to
to acquire a knowledge of Mathematics and queathed the University, his death,

of to
at
Algebra, for which there is a separate Pro the whole his Musaeum, one
of of
the most
fessor, and which is understood to be sub valuable collections Europe,
in
Natural
History, Medals, Anatomical Preparations, private tutors; and who, from the mo
of
Books, &é. When this collection has con ment they enter upon their office, are ready
tinued a certain number of years at Lon passing state, and
as
to
to
consider
it
a
has, by his will, directed it to be that period when they shall,
to
don, he look forward
be
carried to the University of Glasgow. And,
of
their turn, freed from the drudgery
in
teaching. such circumstances, when
In
for the purpose of building a house for the
reception of this noble donation, and esta neither the tutor nor pupil under theim
is
mediate eye the public, instead strug
of
blishing such new professions in medicine as
of
the University should judge expedient, he gling for distinction and superiority their
in
be
bequeathed £8000 sterling, bearing interest respective stations, they will too apt
to
from his death; the one-half of which he indulge the laziness, and gratify the pe
to
directed to be applied for the support of the culiar humour of each other. In the Scot
tish universities, and particularly that
of
Said Musæum, while it continues in London
no
—the other, to increase the principal sum, Glasgow, where the professors have be
till the period arrive when both principal the church, nor any emoluments
in
nefices
any kind independent labour,
and interest shall be appropriated, by the
of
their
of
University, for the above-mentioned pur
be
nor anything that can called preferment
in
poses specified in the deed of donation. within their reach, that radical defect
Infirmary.—The progress of a medical altogether re
of
the conduct education
to is
school, in this University, has been hitherto moved. There likely grow up with
is
much retarded by the want of an infirmary them,
to inthese circumstances, habitual
a
in Glasgow. But there is at present a liking their objects and occupations, and
of
prospect of that obstacle being immediately the discharge
in
that interest and zeal
A very considerable sum of their duty, which are most likely
to
removed. call forth
money has been lately raised, by voluntary the activity and industry their pupils.
of
ne
be
as
subscription, for the purpose of erecting may thought, perhaps, that,
It
be
and supporting an infirmary in Glasgow. cessity the parent labour, would
of
it
is
A royal charter has been obtained, and a still greater improvement, that professors
a
no
colleges should have
at
grant from the Crown, of the site of the salaries all.
in
be
Archbishop's Castle, for the buildings ; This would indisputable, all other em
which, according to a beautiful design, given ployments were left ifprofit
to
the natural
by the late Robert Adam, Esq., are now which they can produce, and were not pe
by
finished. culiarly rewarded fixed appointments

from the public. one trade, art,
or
Appointments of the Professors.-The But
if
.
Principal, and the Professors of Church allowed bounty, another must, upon
is
History, Law, Medicine, Anatomy and this account, have also some compensation.
Botany, and Astronomy, are nominated by The peculiar premiums given by Govern
other professions, particularly
to
the King. The Professors of Theology,

to
ment
the church and the law, seem require,
of to
Oriental Languages, Humanity, Greek,

Logic, Moral Philosophy, Natural Philoso that, for maintaining some kind balance,
phy, and Mathematics, and the Lecturers degree similar encouragement should
to of
a
be
on Chemistry, Materia Medica, and Mid given the teaching the liberal arts
of
wifery, are nominated by the College. The and sciences. Without this, private aca
a
demy can seldom collect sufficient number

all
average number of students, of deno

a
prevent
so
as
well qualified teachers,

to
minations, attending the different classes-

of
considerably above six hundred. single individual from undertaking too

is
Salaries, &c.—From the state the uni many branches, and becoming what vul
is
of
of
versity funds, the professors are allowed garly called Jack all trades.
a
Lecturing,
of of
depend &c.—The uniform

so
as
very moderate salaries;

to
Time
chiefly for subsistence upon the honorariums, assiduity the professors the University
in
This, be Glasgow, and the length time which

of
of
or
of
fees their students.

is
it
lieved, has greatly promoted their zeal and they employ lecturing, will afford an
in
their diligence their several professions. illustration of these remarks. The annual
in
In seminaries literature, possessed session for teaching, the university, be

in
of
of
of on
endowments, access gins, the ordinary curriculum, the

of in
rich and where there

is
by
October; and ends, some the

in
large ecclesiastical benefices, seniority, tenth

to
classes, about the middle May, and

of
in
lecturing has generally gone

or of
the business
into disuse, mere mat others continues to the tenth of June. The
to
been reduced
a
few persons are willing lectures, all the other branches, com
byas
to
in
of
ter form
;
by
on
November, and end

of of
labour, who, doing little, following mence the first

or
of
their amusement, find themselves easy about the beginning May. The class
in
on
The de Botany begins May.

of
and comfortable circumstances. the first

During this period, the business
of
partment teaching likely, such the

in
of
is
devolved upon the junior mem College continues without interruption. The
be
case,
to
Humanity, Latin,
or
of
the society, who discharge the office and

of
Professors
of
bers
.”"
734 STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF
A
Greek, lecture and examine their students,
be
ledge: the pursuits philosophy may
of
receive and correct exercises, three hours
as
regarded idle and chimerical and every
;
every day, and four hours for two days attempt dissipate the clouds
to
of
ancient
every week : the professors of Logic, Moral ignorance, correct the errors and pre
or
to
Philosophy, and Natural Philosophy, two repro
be
judices former period, may
a of
a
as
hours every day, and three hours during a bated dangerous innovation.
part of the session; excepting on Saturdays, The distribution science, and the course
of
when, on account of a general meeting of lectures, formerly established
of
all the
in
the public students, there is only one lecture Europe, were almost exclu
of
universities
given. The other professors lecture, in sively adapted church
to
of
the education
general, one hour every day; the Professor men, and proceeded upon much more
a
of Mathematics, two hours every day, ex knowledge than that which
of
limited state
cept on Saturdays; the Professor of Law, present. To accommodate in
at
obtains
in his public department, two hours. The struction, therefore, the purposes and
to
Professor of Practical Astronomy gives no large, and
at
of
to
views the nation render
public lecture. the academical course useful every situ
in
Advantages of Public Lecturing.—In ation, frequently necessary,
in
those
is
it
those universities where the professors are universities where any part the old plan
of
uniformly employed in lecturing, it may be retained, that the professors should now
is
expected that the matter of their lectures treat their respective subjects
in
different
a
will correspond, in some measure, to the manner, and that what comprehended
is
be
general progress of science and literature under particular branches should greatly
in their several departments. A professor varied and extended.
whose consequence and livelihood depend Latin.—In the University Glasgow,
of
upon the approbation given by the public the students, who attend the Humanity
to his lectures, will find it necessary to lectures, are supposed have acquired the
to
study the principal authors upon the sub ofthe Latin tongue, public
or
elements
in
ject : he will imbibe, in some degree, the private schools; and the Professor em
is
taste of the age in which he lives, and avail ployed reading, explaining, and prelect
in
himself of the increase of knowledge and ing upon such Roman authors
as
on are most
new discovery : he will find it expedient to carry their progress
to
suited
in
that
model his instructions in the manner most language. To
of
class more advanced
a
likely to suit the purposes and to promote students, the Professor reads
of of of
course
a
the interest of his students. By going fre lectures on the peculiarities and beauties
on
quently over the same subject, he has a the Roman language, the principles
chance to correct the erroneous opinions classical composition, and on Roman anti
which he might formerly have admitted; quities.
and, according to the scale of his under Greek.-In the ancient state of the Uni
standing, to attain the most liberal and versity, was probably not usual for any
to it
comprehensive views of his science. Ifhe person study under the professor
of
he
is possessed, at the same time, of taste and Greek, until had acquired some previous
abilities, he can hardly avoid acquiring an knowledge the Greek language. But,
in as
of
enthusiastic attachment to the objects of Greek now seldom regularly taught

is
his profession, and an ardent desire of pro public schools, the Professor under the ne
is
pagating those improvements in it which cessity instructing great number

of
in
the
a
appear to him of importance. very elements language. To second

of
that
a
In colleges where no lectures are given, set, who have made some proficiency
in
he
and where the reading and prelecting on that respect, employed reading, ex
in
is
certain books, in a private manner, make plaining, and prelecting upon those classical
the chief object of the teacher, the same authors from an acquaintance with whom
dispositions and views will seldom occur. his hearers are most likely
to
imbibe
a
The professor, having little temptation to knowledge Greek, and, the same time,
of
at
study, in any particular manner, that science improve their taste literary composi
to
in
with which he is nominally connected, will tion. To still more advanced set of stu
a
be apt to possess but a superficial know dents, he also delivers

of
course lectures
a
on
it,
ledge of com the higher branches Greek literature,

to
and
of
have little zeal

in
on
municating new ideas discoveries con introducing variety disquisitions

or
of
the
a
preju
In
cerning situation, general principles grammar,

it.
such the
of of
of
which the
a
dices and contracted views literature, regular structure that language affords
of
which formerly prevailed, and which were such copious illustration.

natural upon the immediate revival let Philosophy. —In the threefold distribu
of
ters, may remain the present day; and Philosophy, the academical course,
to
of
tion
in
the name of scholar be restricted to mere Logic has, general, preceded the other
a
in
proficient the Greek and Roman lan teaching, and has been
in
of
two the order

in
guages, the vehicles only

as
taste and know necessary preparation for

of
considered
a
THE UNIVERSITY OF GLAsgow. 735
the student entered upon Natural Philosophy.—The
in
them. Before lectures
the subjects of moral and natural philoso Natural Philosophy comprehend gene
a
phy, it was thought proper to instruct him ral system physics and are calculated,
in
of
;
in the art of reasoning and disputation; like manner, keep pace with those lead
to
and the syllogsitic art, taken from the Ana ing improvements and discoveries, that
in
. lytics of Aristotle, was, for many ages, con science, by which the present
of
branch
sidered as the most effectual and infallible
so
age much distinguished. The theo
is
instrument for that purpose. It was sup retical and experimental parts make the
posed to afford a mechanical mode of rea subjects two separate courses. The ap
of
soning, by which, in all cases, truth and paratus for conducting the latter believed
is
be
falsehood might be accurately distinguish any Europe.
to
to
not inferior
in
ed. [?] But the change of opinions on the The Professor Mathe
of
Mathematics.
subjects of literature, and on the means of matics has three separate courses. The
comprehending them, has occasioned a comprehends geometry
of
first the elements
correspondent alteration in the manner of and algebra the second, the higher parts
;
treating this part of the academical course. those sciences; the third, the general
of
The present Professor, after a short analysis principles geometry and astronomy. To
of
of the powers of the understanding, and an teach the application the speculative doc
of
explanation of the terms necessary to com the various practical arts, makes
to
trines
prehend the subjects of his course, gives a very important object this useful de
in
a
historical view of the rise and progress of partment
of
education.
the art of reasoning, and particularly of the Theology.—In the faculty Theology,
of of
syllogistic method, which is rendered a the respective Professors Theology,
matter of curiosity by the universal influence Church. History, and Oriental Languages,
which for a long time it obtained over the system
of
deliver lectures on natural and
a
learned world ; and then dedicates the

on
revealed religion, the history
of
the
on
greater part of his time to an illustration church, and the Hebrew language. In
of the various mental operations, as they faculty, paid
or
this no honorarium fee
is
are expressed by the several modifications by the students.” regulation
If
this had
of speech and writing ; which leads him all the sciences,
to
been extended would
it
to deliver a system of lectures on general probably have been fatal academical ac
to to
grammar, rhetoric, and belles lettres. This tivity; but, being limited single branch,
a
course, accompanied with suitable exercises has been counteracted by the influence
of it
and specimens, on the part of the students, the general industry and exertion which
is properly placed at the entrance to phi pervade the society. No deficiency, there
losophy : no subjects are likely to be more fore, imputable the professors this.
to
in
is
interesting to young minds, at a time when department, either with respect

to to
their
their taste and feelings are beginning to teaching, with respect
or
zeal those
in
open, and have naturally disposed them to liberal and tolerating principles which are
the reading of such authors as are neces
so
the spirit and genius

of
to
conformable
sary to supply them with facts and mate Christianity. -
rials for beginning and carrying on the im Law.—The improvement
of
Law this
in
portant habits of reflection - and investiga university, seems have excited less at
to
tion. government
of
tention from than that the

Moral Philosophy.—The lectures in the
as
other sciences, this profession was not

Moral Philosophy class consist of three no pro
as
established till late period, and

a
principal divisions. The first comprehends vision has hitherto been made for dividing
natural theology; or the knowledge, con education among separate
of
this branch
firmed by human reason, concerning the professors. The want competition ap
of
being, perfections, and operations of God. pears have had the usual effects; and the
to
The second comprehends ethics; or in lecturing Latin was longer re

of
custom
in
quiries concerning the active powers of tained in this than in the other sciences.
man, and the regulation of them, both in The predecessor the present professor
of
the pursuit of happiness, and in the prac

on
was the first who prelected Justinian’s

of,
virtue; and, consequently, those “Institutes,” English; and this example

in
tice
questions that have been agitated concern has, for many years, been followed the
in
be
ing good and evil, right and wrong. The prelections upon the pandects. may
It
third comprehends natural jurisprudence, pre

as
mentioned, strong instance

of
a
general justice, possession ancient usages, that,

or
of
the rules which are

of
favour
in
founded upon the rights and the condition upon this last innovation, the Faculty
of
man; whether considered

as
an indivi Advocates made application the Univer

of
to
sity Glasgow, requesting

as
as
dual, family,
or
or
of
that the old

of
member
“
a
member of some of those various forms of practice teaching the civil law Latin
of
in
government which have arisen from the

of
p.
social combinations mankind. Why, seeabove, 725,

a,
note*.--H.
*
be
might be restored.” The Professor of Law, productive improvement. Besides,
to
of
besides lecturing regularly upon the In from general alteration the habits and
in
a
stitutes and Pandects of Justinian, delivers the people, the academical rules,
of
manners
annually a course of lectures on the prin these matters, were found troublesome
in
ciples of civil government, including a par both to the teachers and the students.
ticular account of the British constitution; Hence, attendance the common table be
at
and, every Second year, a course of lectures drudgery the masters,
to
of
came kind
a
on the law of Scotland. from which they endeavoured escape,
or
to
professors and lecturers they
to
Medicine.—The which submitted their turns with
in
in the medical department, it would appear, reluctance while the students procured
;
have been less limited than those in some dispensations, permissions
or
to
have their
of the other parts of literature, by the effect commons their own apartments. This
in
of old institutions and prejudices. They source of ex
to
latter was found be
a
have thus been enabled to accommodate pense and dissipation, not more unfriendly
their lectures to the progress of knowledge to literature than to morals. The common
and discovery, and to those high improve table, said, became mis
of
source
is
it
a
ments which have of late years been intro management and imposition, which could
-
duced into all the sciences connected with not easily be remedied.
The progress of bo This change living has
of
the art of medicine. the mode
in
tany and natural history, and the wonder been attended with much comfort and satis
ful discoveries in chemistry, have now ex all the members the University,
to
of
faction
tended the sphere of these useful branches by superseding many strict regulations, and
beyond the mere purposes of the physician, of course rigorous penalties, which, the
in
and have rendered a competent knowledge former situation, had been thought neces
of them highly interesting to every man of sary neither has produced any bad effect
it
:
liberal education. upon the manners and behaviour
of
the
Improvements.—The University of Glas students. When teachers are attentive to
gow, as has been already observed, was perform their duty, and discover an anxiety
anciently possessed of a jurisdiction similar promote the interests their scholars,
to
of
to that of the other universities of Europe, who are above the age mere boys,
of
re.
it
and exercised a similar discipline and autho quires very little authority enforce respect
to
rity over its members. A great part of the propriety
of
and behaviour. The most

students were accommodated with lodgings discipline,
or
of
certain and effectual mode
in the college, and dined at a common table, rendering discip
of
rather the best method
by
under the inspection of their teachers. line great measure useless, filling
in
is
a
While this mode of living continued, almost up regularly and properly the time
of
the
everything was the subject of restrictions. student, by interesting him the objects
of
in
and regulations. But, for a long time, this his studies and pursuits, and by demand
practice has been discontinued, and the ing, regularly and daily, an account his of
severity of the ancient discipline has been a labours.
good deal relaxed. The lodgings in the Boarding.—In the present state
of
the
college rooms, after the disuse of the com University Glasgow, such
of
of
the students
as
mon table, became less convenient; and, can afford the expense, frequently live
in
at present, no students live within the the Principal and Professors;

of
the families
college, but a few of considerable standing, where they have, together with the oppor
whose regularity of conduct is perfectly tunity prosecuting their studies, the ad
of
known and ascertained. vantages proper society and private tui

is,of
These deviations from the ancient usage the same time, the power
It
at
tion.
in
be
were introduced from the experience of every Professor, acquainted with

to
of
many inconveniences attending The the behaviour, the application,

it.
and the
by
common table, collecting almost every one

of
multitude
of
is of
abilities his students.

a
be
so
frequently together, afforded And the knowledge likely

to
students
in of
this
encouragement and temptations exciting their exer
to
idleness much more effectual

and dissipation; and, though the masters tions, and producing regular attention
to
table along with the students, yet few their studies, than the endless penalties
at
sat
advantages
be
which may contrived for every species

of
conversation could beattained.

Contrivances were fallen upon remedy complicated
of to
of
misdemeanour. and
A
by
that defect, appointing one the stu rigorous discipline, extending innumer
to
dents (generally bursar, able frivolous observances, can hardly fail,

or or
to
servitor)
a
read portion Scripture, some use this age, become contemptible and,
of
of
to
if in
a
ful book, students are treated like children,

of
while the rest the students were

is
it
be
But this practice, obvious, expected that they will behave

in at
table.
to
not
is
it
such circumstance, was more likely like men. -

to
bring ridicule upon the subjects, Weekly Meeting.—Every Saturday there

or
at
least
contempt, than general meeting all the public
or
to
or
occasion indifference
of
is
a
gowned students, which is attended by the the largest and most liberal in Britain. That
Principal and their respective Professors. A gentleman, in the year 1688, bequeathed a
Latin oration is delivered by the higher considerable estate in Warwickshire for the
students, in their turns: after which, all support of Scotch students at Baliol College.
Smaller matters of discipline are discussed. Oxford, who had studied for some years at
By this weekly meeting, the whole of the the University of Glasgow. By the rise in
students are brought, in a more particu the value of lands, and the improvements
lar manner, under the inspection of the which have, from time to time, l:een made
teachers ; and a good opportunity is regu on that estate, that fund now affords £70
larly afforded of mutual information, re per annum, for ten years, to each of ten
specting the studies and deportment of their exhibitioners. Another foundation, at the
scholars. same college, of £20 per annum, to each of
Tests not required.—No oaths, or sub four Scotch students, though under a dif
scriptions, or tests of any kind, are required ferent patronage, is generally given to the
of students, at their admission to the Uni Glasgow eachibitioners; so that four of them
versity; as it is deemed highly improper have a stipend of £90 per annum, con
that young persons, in prosecuting a general tinuing for ten years. The University have
course of academical education, should bind the sole nomination or appointment of these
themselves to any particular system of exhibitioners.
Bursaries.–
tenets or opinions,
Besides the salaries be
Rules for obtaining Degrees.—The can
didates for degrees in arts, are, by express
stowed upon professors, additional encour regulations, obliged to attend the hours of
agement has been often given to universi lecture, and the separate hours of examina
ties, by the mortification of certain funds tion, in the curriculum, or public course
for the maintenance of students; as also by already mentioned ; and the laws of the
requiring that a certain attendance shall be church oblige all students to pass the same
given, in those seminaries, by such as ob curriculum before they can be enrolled
tain academical degrees, accompanied with students of theology. But no such quali
various exclusive privileges. fication is requisite for entering upon the
It has of late been remarked, that such study of law or medicine. Such students,
institutions and regulations, though intended in short, as are not upon any public founda
to promote the interest of those incorpora tion, or who do not intend to qualify them
ted societies, have proved, in some degree, selves for the church, may attend any of the
hurtful to them, by forcing an attendance lectures which they think most suited to
from a greater number of students, and their views; though, in case of their de
consequently tending to supersede the viating from the curriculum, they have not
industry and abilities of the respective the benefit of the regular examinations and
teachers. But the number of this descrip exercises of the public students.
tion of students, commonly called bursars, The rules, for conferring degrees, were
at the University of Glasgow, cannot have formerly much the same in the University
any considerable tendency of this nature, as of Glasgow as in the other ancient univer
their honorariums make but a small part of sities. In those days, when the art of dis
the professor's income; and, it must not be putation was considered as the ultimate
overlooked, that the payment of fees to the object of academical education, the can
professors supposes that lectures are to be didates were obliged, after a certain stand
given : so that this establishment encour ing, or residence at the University, to com
ages, at least, the practice of lecturing, pose and print a thesis, and to defend it in
however it may tend to produce careless a public syllogistic disputation. But ex
ness in the performance. One good effect perience discovered that mode of trial to be
of it is obvious. Several of these bursaries inadequate to the purpose for which it was
It,
are in the gift of the college; so that the intended. by degrees, degenerated into
principal and professors have it in their form and ceremony. The
of
mere matter
a
power to bestow them upon students of same subjects disputation, the same
of
superior genius and industry, but who have arguments attack and defence, were pre
of
not the means of prosecuting their studies. served and handed down among the stu
The character of a bursar does not, in the dents; the public disputations were not
University of Glasgow, carry with it any attended :-so that degrees became not the
external marks of Servility, or degradation abilities and diligence, but merely
of
rewards
Several names might be here the marks standing,
at
or
of any kind. the

of
residence
mentioned, that would do great honour to University. These circumstances gave oc.
University, supported, during change, the rules
in
the who were casion for material

a
the course of their studies, by funds appro for conferring degrees,

a of
the University
in
priated for that purpose. Glasgow. The composing and defending

The foundation by Mr Snell deserves par thesis have now become optional
on
the
ticularly to be mentioned, as perhaps one of part of the candidate. The same standing
- on
B
3
738 A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT of
is still required; and the candidates for the more elegant and improved productions
degrees in arts are obliged to undergo a the press, particularly
of
the classica?
in
minute examination, in the Greek and departments. The funds which are des
IRoman classics, in the different branches timed for its support and increase, are con
philosophy compose the curricu and many private donations
of
of which siderable
to
lum, and by each of the professors in their books have been made from time to
it
respective branches : an examination which, time. late greatly enriched,
in
It
of
was
in the manner it is conducted, gives the the mathematical department, by the lib
best opportunity of judging of the proficieney rary the kate celebrated Er Robert Sim
of
and literature of the candidates. son, prefessor By the
of
mathematics.
Degrees in Theology and Law.—Degrees ingenuity the kate Dr Wilson Sons,
of
&
in theology, having no privileges in the type-founders, and the care and accuracy
church attached to them, under the Pres the late Messrs Foulis, printers
to
of
the
byterian form of government, are, without University, the Library contains some
of
any regard to standing in the University, the most elegant editions many valuable
of
an
conferred on clergymen respectable for their will soon receive important
It
books.
by
abilities and literature.—Degrees in law are addition, many rare and
of
collection
a
either bestowed upon eminent men as marks splendid editions books, all the differ
of of
in
of respect ; or upon students of a certain ent departments Science, but particularly
standing, after a regular examination of the the medical department, bequeathed by
in
eandidate. The University of Glasgow the late Dr William Hunter.
Antiquities.—In
an
admits students who have passed a part of adjoining apartment,
their academical course in other universi the college has plaeed mile
of of
number
a
ties, ad eundem, as it is commonly called : stomes, altars, and other remains anti
is,
whatever part quity, which have been discovered the
in
of
that their academical

any other university, ancient Roman walk between the Forth and
at
course finished
is
the Clyde.
as
upon proper certificates, admitted,

is
of a
part their standing, the University Worship.—During the session, there
is.
of
in
public worship every Sunday the college

so
Glasgow; that, without again beginning
in
their course, they can pass forward de chapel. Three four preachers are an
or
to
be
grees, and theology. nually appointed out
of
of
in of
enrolled students the number

Medical Degrees.—Degrees medicine those students who continue at the univer
are conferred, after having finished the sity after they have received their license.
medical course, the University or, upon The Principal, and such
at
or of
the Professors
;
as
proper certificates having finished have been ordained,

at
have received
of
it
physic: lieanses, occasionally preach the colkege

of
in
some eminent school but the
º
candidates are obliged undergo both chapel during the session.
to
a
on
—
private and public examination, all the Landed Property, &c. The college,
medicine, before they though some measure surrounded by the
of in
of
different branches
very com the town, possessed
It
can receive that honour. houses more of

is
is
mon also for them, though not absolutely than twenty acres ground adjacent to
of
its
to
defend thesis the common buildings. Upon the most distant part
in
is of
a
hall. -
this ground, and upon small eminence,
a
Prizes.—The institution Prizes, erected the Observatory, properly fitted up,

or
of
literary merit, either and supplied with the most improved in

of
rewards books
in
medals, students, during the course struments for the purposes

or
to
of
the Professor
of
their education, has now been tried for Practical Astronomy. The college build
of
many years the University Glasgow, ings, though not splendid, are neat and
of
in
and has been attended with the best effects. commodious. The Principal and all the
Every effort has been made Professors possess convenient houses con
to
correct the
common defects and irregularities tiguous the other public buildings. These
to
the
in
by
prizes, buildings are surrounded garden

of of
to
of
distribution and render the

to a
competition fair and equal. Subjects about ten acres, appropriated

to of
the use
competition are prescribed, calculated the University, and some
of
the members
give scope every kind genius, and ac- part the younger classes
to
to
of
of
for exercise
#
it
the standing of students.

to
of
commodated the different

students.
Library.—The University Library,
is to
which all the students have easy access, VII, CONCLUSION.

large and valuable collection books,
of
a
among which are many now become very |Upon the whole, this University, after
scarce. As was founded about two cen experiencing many revolutions and turns
it it
of
by
turies ago, enriched with many early fortune, has, favourable conjunctures,
is
by
editions; and proper attention has been the bounty the sovereign and
of
of
and
paid, from time time, supply public, prosperous cir
to
to
to
with the been raised

it
an
cumstances; and has, as an academical supporting infirmary, this place, for
in
foundation, become possessed of some con the western districts of Scotland. This
spicuous advantages. Its local situation, scheme met with the most liberal encourage
in the neighbourhood of an industrious ment, from the charitable and well-disposed
city, and at some distance from the capital; the city Glasgow, and the adjoin
in
of
in
by which it is not exposed to the dissipa ing counties, and was, particular, much
in
tion arising from a number of amusements; promoted by the activity and influence
of
In
nor too remote from the topics of specula the University.
of
the members the
tion, suggested by the progress of philoso year 1791, upon the petition the sub
of
phy, and the interesting business of society. scribers, royal charter was obtained from
a
its
The state of revenue, sufficient, with the Crown, together with grant
of
the
a
economy, the management the society, the Archbishop's castle and garden,
of
site
of
in
promote useful improvements; purpose erecting buildings.

so to
of
but not for the the
During the years 1792 and 1793, the build
be
as
large productive idleness, and

of to
of
the luxury Its insti ings were erected, according
to
learned indolence. most
a
no
tutions and government, by which sort beautiful design given by the late Robert
monopoly particu Adam, Esq., architect, an expense
of in of
at
of
of of
created favour
in
is
lar sects, particular branches science; about £8000; and believed, that,
or
is
it
but persons all persuasions are liberty point situation, good air, abundance
at
of
of
study which they water, and convenient accommodation for

to
of
follow that course

their various pursuits and the patients, this infirmary
to
find suited not excelled
is
prospects. Lastly, Its moderate discipline, by any other establishment
of
the same kind
endeavouring regulate the behaviour The infirmary was opened for
byto
Britain.
of
in
on
regard the reception of
patients the 8th Decem
to
the students interest and

a
reputation, more than by authority and her 1794; and since that time, the bene
;
of a so
substituting the anxious watchfulness salutary
of
of
ficial and effects have been
it
a
parent, place much felt that now considered as

in
is
it
of
the troublesome and

vexatious interpositions prying and, public benefit and blessing this part
to
of
a
perhaps, unpopular magistrate. the country. Among other advantages, the

greatly in
of
number medical students

creased since was opened and there is
is
to it
;
ADDITIONs." every reason believe, that this institution
will contribute, great degree,
of to
the
in
a
Infirmary.—The medical school this further extension and improvement

in
the
University was long retarded by the want medical school this University.
in
an
infirmary Glasgow. But that ob

of
at
now completely removed. 732,

In
The Rev. Dr Walton's first

P.
stacle the
is
b
:
year 1790, voluntary subscription was donation was anno 1767, and his second
a
opened, for the purpose erecting and 736, 8: After Scotland,

a,
P.
of
anno 1788.
l.
add, “to which

of
now added course

is
a
on
Not by Reid.—H lectures English law.”

*
B
2
S

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A

INTRODUCTION, bus, et quavis alia licita facultate,” to

education as the improvements in litera logna.] He likewise appointed Williana

gested. successors that see,

called the said studium

doctors, masters, and scholars,

Bonomiense.: This Bull

Origin.—At the request of King James January 1450, and

the 7th the month

pared, and an university established the

This Accountwas published the last

year 1451 consisting, besides the Chancel

volume the StatisticalAccount Scotland,”

1799,threeyearsafterthedeath Reid. lor, Rector, Doctors, and Masters

by the author himself

Sinclair, nor probablyduring his life, but, the

title bears,was“Transmitted by ProfessorJardine

Name the and Professors the Uni.

versity.” the “Statistical Account,” there no

prescribed by their several faculties, might

promoted academical degrees.

alwaysbeenattributed our author.

characterof thoughtand style,and evenvarious

That this institution might open with the

greater celebrity, the bishop had procured

fessorships);and, am informed by my learned

friend, Dr Lee, wasproducedandfoundedon the

Reid, an action maintained,some**-ty

work ing an universal indulgence

Accountitself wasdrawn up 1794,two yearsbe Bull.—H.

morerecent date, and probablyby Rector,the properhead the University,was the

work Reid, hadbeenstruckby the singularcor elation theancientuniversities, very curi

pears,not fromany analogicalknowledge the his present.—lmayobserve, general,thatthere

tory the Europeanuniversities general,but nothing the privilegesand regulations the

fromthe records the GlasgowFaculty University ſºlasgowbut what common, may

of Arts alone.-H. say, all theolderUniversities.—H.

duly performed. moderatorum magistrorum assentione tem

university, providing they be not prelates, censure, even that

one instance record capital trial

omnibus tributis, mumeribus, ea'actionibus,

tavationibus, collectis, vigiliis, et pedagiis, the year 1670. That year,

dis et levandis. before Sir William Fleming, rector but

Privileges and Powers.--The same pri was acquitted by the jury.

.* which was divided, and the powers and

* This circumstancewas probablythe causewhy obligations

bers of the University, and not limited to the gra

whole incorporated members, students,

that only one collegearosewithin the University,

and Rothesay. meeting

of universty; and the followingare only the im.

everyotherinstitution thekind over Europe.—H. Crispin's day. This meeting

other was and

the University, whatever dio The university corresponds

privileges the University, head, authority over

and not deacon and an

its prejudice, what

those who are in

poration, comprehending all the companies,

upon, and digested brought

respect authority, next last appropriated them. The word

the making repealing statutes, sity Bononia, calls Studium Bonon

embassy the higher powers, the charter