1.What is software engineering.

Ans: Software engineering refers to use and development of good

engineering standards to obtain a software that is optimised in terms
of production cost, reliability, and is compatible with latest
technology.
Software engineering Traditional engineering
Software engineering Various engineering branches
technology is related with like mechanical, civil,
computers, computer electronics, biotechnology
programming, software technology deals with their
making, writing codes in related process
various high level language. Traditional engineering about
For development of certain building cars, machinery,
product we need a certain hardware, building's
proved methodology that
works for creating desired
product known as process
When this computer era not begun these traditional engg Branches
firstly prepare their hardware module or prototype by which desired
product will be created, but now with advancement of computer
technology, these traditional branches uses computer for development
of soft prototype.
2. What is Software Crisis? Discuss the reasons which resulted into
software Crisis.
Ans: software crisis is a term used in computer science to define the
difficulty of writing useful and efficient computer programs in the
required time.
 reasons which resulted in software crises are-
-The causes of the software crisis were linked to the overall
complexity of hardware and the software development process.
-lack of software development standards and techniques.
-exponential increase in size and requirement of softwares.
-difference in communication between developer and end user.
3. What do you understand by Software Process? Give Characteristics
of a software Process.
Ans: A software process is a set of activities and associated outcome
whose objective is the advance development or evolution of software.
These software processes ensures software production.
There are four fundamental software process activities that are general
to all software processes which are as follows

Software specification: In the software specification process activity

customers and software engineers define the software to be produced
and the constraints on its operation and functions.
Software development: In software development the software is
designed and programmed as per the customer specification by the
software development engineer team.
Software validation: Software validation of software process activity
is checked the software to ensure that it is what the customer requires
as in the specification.
Software evolution: Software evolution process activity includes the
software modified to adapt it to varying customer and markets
promote requirements.

Software process have following characteristics:

Understandability: To what extent is the process is defined and how
easy is it to understand the process definition
Visibility: Do the process activities appear in clear results so that the
progress of the process is externally visible
Supportability: To what extent can CASE tools be used to support the
process activities
Acceptability: Is the defined process acceptable to and usable by the
engineers responsible for producing the software product
Reliability: Is the process designed in such a way that process errors
are avoided or trapped before they result in product error
Robustness: Can the process continue in spite of unexpected problem
Maintainability: Can the process evolve to reflect changing
organizational requirements or identified process improvements
Rapidly: How fast can the process of delivering a system from a given
specification be completed

4. What do you mean by ‘Software Development Life Cycle’?

Discuss the waterfall model of software development.
Ans:- A software development life cycle is a framework defining
tasks performed at each step in the software development process.
SDLC is a structure followed by the development team within the
software organisation. Life cycle defines a methodology for
improving the quality of software and the overall development
process.
Waterfall Model:-
In “The Waterfall” approach, the whole process of software
development is divided into separate phases. The outcome of one
phase acts as the input for the next phase sequentially. This means
that any phase in the development process begins only if the previous
phase is complete. The waterfall model is a sequential design process
in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a
waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis,
Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation and
Maintenance.
As the Waterfall Model illustrates the software development process
in a linear sequential flow; hence it is also referred to as a Linear-
Sequential Life Cycle Model.
5.Discuss the Concept of Project Management. Illustrate the
relationship between Project Management Process and Development
Process.
Ans:  Project management is the practice of initiating, planning,
executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve
specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.
The phased (or staged) approach breaks down and manages the work
through a series of distinct steps to be completed, and is often referred
to as traditional or waterfall. Although it can vary, it typically consists
of five process areas, four phases plus control:

 Development Process:- Project Development Process: Framework

based on experience focuses on key decision points shows that project
development is iterative that shows that delaying or deciding against
a project that does not meet current goals is a viable outcome and
option

1. Planning
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Development & Implementation
5. Testing
6. Installing