Santoyo 1

Cesar Santoyo
Dr. O’Meara
AP lit
Period 4
10 March 2022

Analysis
“To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be

false to any man.”- William Shakespeare, honor, to hold in high respect or great esteem, this

definition doesn’t change much if at all as there is a clear definition within Hamlet: Prince of

Denmark. However what changes is the characters' actions and how much their interpretation of

their own honor, the less the characters do the more dishonorable actions occur. Some examples

that would highlight this shift would be Laertes and Horatio. While their actions are completely

different from each other, they both begin on honorable grounds, following in what they believe

in, but the important thing here is if they continue to believe in the idea. With the character of

Horatio, he honors Hamlet and the friendship that he has he with him, he truly does believe in

Hamlet, and he continues to hold onto this for the whole play. On the other hand, Laertes shows

care for his family, but he also cares for himself. After coming back from France and becomes

aware of the tragic news regarding his sister and his father. It puts him on a path to avenge his

father who was murdered, and his sister who drowned; This set him on a path to avenge his

family. To honor them. Both the actions of Horatio and Laertes exemplify and illudes towards

the theme that being fueled by honor is a great foundation for developing and having values.

This idea can become corrupt and manipulated. If this foundation becomes corrupted and

manipulated by lying, power, or selfishness, it will eventually lead to dishonorable acts, causing
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a shift in the values and principles of a person, with time, a person's true motive and purpose will

become clear. As will their actions and decisions.

Horatio is portrayed as the embodiment of perfection, shown to be as perfect as a person

can be. Throughout the entire play, it is obvious that he has a strong sense of loyalty and

friendship. While these are the most prominent values Horatio has displayed, he is also shown to

be wise as well as trustworthy, not exclusively to Hamlet but to many others.

A quick example would be, the guards first see the ghost, they go to Horatio first for help,

knowing he can take a rational approach when talking with ghost.

The friendship between Horatio and Hamlet is strong, even at the end of the play, Horatio

would rather die than live without Hamlet. Horatio trusts Hamlet and he almost never does he

not question him about his actions. He follows along with what he says. In the following

dialogue scene, Hamlet, Horatio, and Marcellus, are still within the forest and now Horatio and

Marcellus must swear that they have seen nothing of King Hamlets ghosts:

MARCELLUS. We have sworn, my lord, already.

HAMLET. Indeed, upon my sword, indeed.

HAMLET. Ha, ha, boy, sayst thou so? Art thou there, truepenny? Come on, you hear

this fellow in the cellarage. Consent to swear.

HORATIO. Propose the oath, my lord.

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HAMLET. Never to speak of this that you have seen, Swear by my sword (1.5.167-175)

Horatio, whilst hesitant before, displays his values of loyalty and friendship towards Hamlet by

accepting this oath. Once Horatio finally swears to Hamlet's sword in the quote, that simple

action demonstrated how Horatio is willing to trust and have faith in Hamlet even when he

seemed to be mad. Horatio knows that this interaction that Hamlet had with the ghost of the king

was of importance. This is what sets up both his principles and values, Horatio has the value of

being selfless and being courageous, his principle of staying loyal and being honorable towards

his friends and ones he respects. Moving on back to the quote, Horatio could have simply not

abided by the oath; however, with this principle in mind he trusts and knows Hamlet will make

the right decision and finally goes along with oath. This scene is one of many examples of

Horatio that have shown and proved his loyalty towards Hamlet, and how he truly does believe

in him. This scene also proves to Hamlet that he can trust Horatio for anything else that he made

need. Their friendship is genuine and not something that exists for manipulation and using

Hamlet for who he is, the prince. Within the following scene, Hamlet describes the friendship he

and Horatio just before the play began:

Since my dear soul was mistress of her choice

And could of men distinguish, her election

Hath sealed thee for herself. For thou hast been

As one in suffering all that suffers nothing

A man that Fortune’s buffets and rewards

Hast ta’en with equal thanks; and blessed are those

Whose blood and judgment are so well commeddled (3.2.67-74)

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With the conversation that Horatio and Hamlet have, their friendship is displayed throughout this

part of the conversation. To begin with the first line, it sets up how Hamlet is closed off, only

trusts himself, as he knows others are going to use him for their own gain and own agenda,

instead of being an actual friend. Given that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern showed up recently

Hamlet may be on edge on who he can trust, but he does know someone he can always trust.

Hamlet's feeling in this way makes this an important detail because by valuing the friendship he

has with Horatio; it once again proves of how Horatio is trustworthy and loyal. Moving on now

with the rest of the scene, Hamlet continues to describe the kind of friendship he and Horatio

have, “As one in suffering all that suffers nothing,” in this line Hamlet is comparing Horatio to

anyone else who is not as trustworthy. his line continues to home in on Horatio's trustworthiness

towards Hamlet. People who are suffering all, would be how some people do not care about what

is happening and only want information. That line would be in reference to the many others who

had only used Hamlet for information, status and honor. Moving onto the next line, “A man that

fortune’s buffet and rewards/ Hast ta’en with equal thanks”, the tone of the quote would be a

sarcastic tone. Buffet and rewards would be a reference to how people only want to gain the

rewards of being friends with Hamlet and not actually wanting friendship. The next part of the

quote continues with the sarcastic tone, this reveals that he doesn’t like or trust people who are

just using him for personal gain. Meanwhile on the other hand, with Horatio does have Hamlet’s

trust and Hamlet does value the relationship they have together. Horatio is Hamlet’s friend

because he truly values this friendship and will almost stop at nothing to make sure he continues

to value and honor their friendship.

HORATIO. Never believe it, I am more an antique Roman than a Dane. Here’s yet some
liquor left
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HAMLET. As thou ’rt a man, Give me the cup. Let go! By heaven, I’ll ha ’t. O God,
Horatio, what a wounded name, Things standing thus unknown, shall I leave behind me!
If thou did idst ever hold me in thy heart, Absent thee from felicity awhile And in this
harsh world draw thy breath in pain To tell my story (5.2.175-184)
Trustworthy, loyal and honorable; Horatio would rather follow Hamlet into the next life, than see

him perish, however, he doesn’t. He had the opportunity to change and not listen, drinking the

cup and dying alongside his best friend. Horatio listens to Hamlet and continues his story,

honoring him and what he has accomplished, finally highlighting another area of Horatio's

values, honor. Throughout this entire play, Horatio's actions were fueled by the honor he had for

Hamlet, helping him along the way. Horatio was not only good to Hamlet but to the people

around him. A good example of this was at the very beginning of the play when he was the first

one the guards called upon to look at the ghost, they had witnessed prior. The character of

Horatio is based upon the foundations of values of loyalty, trustworthiness and honor; this is

what kept Horatio alive towards the end of the play. Horatio didn’t do anything that broke his

values, he followed what he had believed in, in comparison to many others that did, for example

Claudius and him killing his brother, this action caused his downfall and indirectly is what

caused his death. Meanwhile, Horatio kept to his values and who he was, and kept on

persevering and continuing the story of Hamlet. Horatio, a man of his word, not someone who is

self-seeking, only someone who had kept his values in a time where many didn’t.

Honor is one of many of the driving forces behind the actions of the characters throughout the

play, most characters honor a person in some way shape or form. Whether it's avenging

someone, respecting one's wishes, or just simply believing in them, it’s the foundation of most

actions from the characters. Honor not only is an idea on its own but is connected to other ideals
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within the play. Whether good or bad honor is what starts many of the conflicts seen in the play,

for example:

That drop of blood that’s calm proclaims me

bastard

Cries “cuckold” to my father, brands the harlot

Even here between the chaste unsmirchèd brow

Of my true mother (4.5. 130-134).

Here, Laertes now has this idea of honor within his head, he needs to avenge his father by killing

his murderer. The tone Laertes carries within these lines is something of grief and anger, given

how he learned about his father's death, this tone he carries has blinded him, he convinces

himself that honor is the sole reason for doing this, to protect his family. However, Laertes is

doing this for revenge not of honor, this path sets himself for his death later, using action to

cover his tracks. Honor is based upon a person’s values and their principles. Laerte’s principle is

to protect his family, however this principle is manipulated and corrupted, to get what he wants,

to kill whoever killed his father. With the tool of tone, it continues to show Laertes’ anger and

how this led him to a path of revenge by be blinded by honor, he believes this is the honorable

thing to do. Laertes missuses the value and definition of honor, one must be careful before

wrapping themselves with honor as it ties closely to revenge. However, others in the play

correctly use this value of honor in the play:

HAMLET: As Vulcan’s stithy. Give him heedful note, For I mine eyes will rivet to his

face, And, after, we will both our judgments join In censure of his seeming.
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HORATIO: Well, my lord. If he steal aught the whilst this play is playing And ’scape

detecting , I will pay the theft(3.2.89-95)

Honor can take many forms throughout the play, and with the imagery of the “Vulcan's stithy” it

sets ups the way Horatio honors Hamlet in his own that doesn’t misuse the idea. To start off a

“Vulcan's stithy” is something that is associated with volcanoes and armor forges, something

powerful that can create and destroy. This would connect back to Horatio’s loyalty towards

Hamlet and him honoring his wishes, he would be part of his plan to see if the king would react

to what he saw during the play. Hamlet and Horatio are creating and destroying during this

moment, destroying the king mentally by proving the guilt he still has for the murder of his

father. Horatio's loyalty is what makes this possible in the first place. He would take the blame if

this plan were to go south, making him someone who honors his friend no matter what. Horatio's

uses this idea of honor to show his loyalty towards Hamlet. Keeping the idea of honor pure and

not twisted, like before with the example of Laertes. Now the one thing both Horatio and Laertes

had in common was this idea of honor, their definitions of it may have differed but it was still

honor that they valued. Very few don’t use this value of honor at all and in turn it backfires on

them later:

LAERTES: The King, the King’s to blame.

HAMLET: The point envenomed too! Then, venom, to thy work.

ALL: Treason, treason!

KING: O, yet defend me, friends! I am but hurt.

HAMLET: Here, thou incestuous, murd’rous, damnèd Dane, Drink off this potion. Is thy

union here? Follow my mother (5.2.352-358)

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Death of the king, his actions his doom would have been changed if he had adopted the values of

honor. The tool of tone helps emphasize the gravity of the situation, the revenge, justice being

done during his final scene. Unlike before, the king didn’t have values, he only ever looked out

for himself, so much that he never really admitted to killing his brother. Claudius never had an

ounce of honor, any sense of value or principle; he caused everything. Hamlet wouldn’t have

gone mad if his father was still here, Polonius and Ophelia wouldn't have suffered. King

Claudius is a perfect example of why values such as honor are important and the tone of the

scene sets why; There is a sense of revenge that is happening, during these last moments, and as

everyone begins to die. Honor is important to one's character as every action has its

consequences, and king Claudius had gotten his.

Laertes is respected by many for his strong set of morals as well as his belief in justice

and honor. Laertes values his own thoughts and beliefs over his own emotions. He admits that as

vengeful as his action is, he had valued his honor and his own name over that of the feelings of

his father dying. Later, Laertes had managed to let his interpretation of honor become corrupted

by Claudius. Laertes letting his honor become corrupted directly leads him to act dishonorably,

by attempting the plan to assassinate prince Hamlet. Laertes accepting the king's proposition to

assassinate Hamlet is what gets Laertes killed. Laertes is a man who care for his family which is

why he warns Ophelia:

Fear it, Ophelia; fear it, my dear sister, And keep you in the rear of your affection, Out of

the shot and danger of desire. (1.3.37-39)

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Laertes believes he should always honor his family and take care of it. We get a glimpse of this

during the beginning of the play; he believes that Hamlet is not worthy of truly honoring

Ophelia, which is why he warns her in the first place. This scene sets the foundation of taking

care of family within the character of Laertes, which could end up changing later in the play.

This is a prime example of how Laertes not only cared for father, which was already a given, but

also his sister. Laertes, showing interest in his family gives a look at what he would do in the

future. Laertes believes that Hamlet wasn’t someone to truly honor Ophelia. Trying to protect

Ophelia would save her from the future pain and suffering she would go through later, only

Laertes didn’t know this. Laertes trusted Ophelia and this would be a piece of evidence that

would show how Laertes feels responsible for her death. Laertes knows he didn’t have the power

to stop Ophelia as he was leaving to France. Laertes would feel guilty as this all happened while

he was away, giving him the chance to avenge his family. This scene sets up Laertes’ foundation

for his grief later, when he returns to hear the tragic news. Laertes now knows that he will prove

that he is someone who is worthy of his family, showing that he can honor his family. This path,

however, leaves him on a track for revenge, later. This is the moment where Laertes messes up,

he uses the idea of honor to fuel his revenge, and corrupts it with what he wants to achieve,

indirectly leading towards his death later. Even though Laertes has said he wanted to avenge both

of his family members. After the death of his father, Laertes shifts his goals to avenge his father

by killing Hamlet. They still exist but do not have as much of an impact as his beliefs:

"I dare damnation. To this point I stand, That both the worlds I give to negligence, Let

come what comes, only I'll be revenged Most thoroughly for my father."(4.5.151-154)

With this quote Laertes is saying that he wants to avenge his father by killing whoever

caused his murder. By him saying this it sets up his values and principles, Laertes valuing honor
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help and shows why he is going to avenge his father in the first place. With the first half of the

quote, “I dare damnation. To this point I stand, that both the worlds I give to negligence”, is this

direct moment that Laertes interpretation of honor shifts. Laertes begins his path toward

dishonorable actions here at this very moment. The deaths of Ophelia and his father leave

Laertes at a moment of weakness, leaving him to become more easily corrupted. Both the

worlds, the afterlife and real world, this part of the quote calls attention to how Laertes will now

stop at nothing to avenge his loved ones, which directly connects to the second half of the quote.

Laertes now on a path to make him do dishonorable acts, says let whatever comes my way,

nothing will stop him from avenging his father. This moment not only shifts his interpretation of

honor, but it slightly shifts his reasoning for this revenge. Before he wanted to avenge his father

and sister, but now his reasoning has been altered to mostly doing this for father. This could also

mean that he truly didn’t care about his sister. His reasoning for not truly caring for his sister

probably has something to do with how she died, she drowned. Suicide wasn’t something that

was viewed as honorable way to die during this time. This connects back to the theme because

now with interpretation of honor corrupted, his true goals and values were shown, his only doing

this for the sake of his father, because he believes he is worth and not his sister. With this value

of honor, Laertes’ principle is that he is shown to be protective of his family. Laertes being

protective in the first place is what makes the king use him for his plan to kill Hamlet. Since

Laertes is so willing to avenge his father, the king exploits this feeling of grief into making him

join his plan. Laertes honors his father and cares for him. The prime example being him is

avenging his father, however in the play he also warns Ophelia to stay away from Hamlet,

showing he did care for Ophelia before he knew what happened. Laertes, however, can become
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blinded with honor as within this next quote the play shows how Laertes defines his loyalty with

revenge:

“I am satisfied in nature, Whose motive in this case should stir me most To my revenge;

but in my terms of honor I stand aloof and will no reconcilement Till by some elder

masters of known honor I have a voice and precedent of peace To keep my name

ungored.”(5.2.259-265)

Throughout the play the use of Laertes’s thoughts and feelings play a part in how he

keeps his honor throughout the play. His thoughts and feelings connect to how he would

respond, and his thought process with his actions. Given that Laertes, at this point has lost his

father and his sister, he is now on the hunt to kill Hamlet for the death of his father, and to some

degree the death of his sister. With the first line of the scene, comes with realization of Laertes

has done. His shift to wanting to assassinate Hamlet is over, he is satisfied. Laertes reflects on

how he got to this point, his motives and how they fueled him towards this path of revenge,

which started out as an act of honor then morph and corrupted into something else, an act of

dishonor. With the rest of the scene Laertes understands what he has done. Laertes knows his

idea of honor was corrupted and manipulated and he knows that he will pay the price for his

dishonorable actions. The last thing that is important to note is within the last few words of the

scene, Laertes knows he was blinded by manipulation and wishes his name not to be destroyed

by his actions. This last part ties back to how Laertes finds honor in his name; he doesn’t want to

ruin the name of his family, or what's left of it, has been through enough. Laertes only wanted to

kill hamlet; he was blinded to what really was going on with the king; his true motives and

reasoning. Lastly, this scene highlights how Laertes was set on the path to revenge, which had

made him blind to what he originally wanted. The only thing on Laertes’ mind is revenge, the
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feeling of avenging his father’s death has transformed into revenge. As Laertes values this

version of honor, that was manipulated and corrupted, he loses who he is. Eventually he regains

his honor and will make sure this time it is held in great respect.

Every character throughout the play had the base of honor, however the characters who

had twisted the value of honor, came to their demise. Corrupting and abusing this idea of honor

leads one down the wrong path, a path of anger and revenge. Going back to the examples of

Horatio and Laertes, Horatio stayed on the correct path of honor and honored Hamlet’s

friendship and who he was as a person, Horatio's actions continued to prove this point. Laertes,

letting the value of honor become tainted by his ideas of revenge and wanting to avenge caused

this value to become corrupted and turned into something that blinded his judgement, causing

him to agree with the king to kill Hamlet and indirectly causing his death. Honor has its own

definition that many of the characters do follow, at first, however later with almost every

character later, their definition begins to change, and they change it to fit with what they’re

trying to accomplish. Today the idea of honor takes different shapes, inclusion of the internet and

everything being more connected than ever before, it gets easy to lose track of what one’s values

and principles. The idea of honor can help in staying on the right track, honoring one's own

principles but also being able to honor everyone else and what they stand for. Honor is an idea

that will mean the same thing but what people will do with this idea will be different each time,

whether a person truly follows it or not is up to them.

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Research paper

Justice, a judge or magistrate, in particular a judge of the Supreme Court of a country or

state. Even when Shakespeare had written Hamlet during the Elizabethan era, this concept of

justice and political corruption was woven into the ideals of the play of Hamlet. Justice was a

part of something bigger for the play, it wasn’t on its own, however, ideas of political corruption

helped to work with the idea of justice. For justice the examples of the characters of Claudius

and Laertes show the issue of justice within the play. Both characters are connected by this idea

of justice, however the difference is how they are viewed. With the character of Claudius, his

actions of killing were the reasons for his justice, he needed to pay for his consequences.

Meanwhile, Laertes wanted to see justice for the person who had killed his father. Shakespeare is

indirectly saying that justice doesn’t just come in the form of law, but it comes in many ways;

most of the time it’s something unexpected or wanted.

Francisco Franco, general and the leader of the Nationalist forces that overthrew the

Spanish democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War. After he overthrew the government, he

was the head of the government of Spain until 1973 and the head of state until 1975. While

Franco’s rule was long it surely wasn’t anything to talk about, many people were killed on streets

paved over for roads. After it was supposedly over, there was a law put into place for everyone to

forget and never speak about it ever again, up until recently around the years of 2014-2016 the

children of the parents who were affected are speaking up. These people are trying to bring the

people who committed these crimes to justice, and it has been a difficult process so far as they

first need to abolish the law that silences this. Many people simply do not forget what happened
 Santoyo 15

to their loved ones, and they will continue to fight until something has changed. From article

“Franco’s ghosts” by Mira Galanova, “How can you forget your mother and father? Until I have

no voice left, I will keep speaking about them” ( this quote comes from Hilda Farfante a person

who was being interviewed for the article. Hilda’s parents were murdered when she was at the

age of five. Justice is not only a one and done thing it is something that sticks with someone until

that justice is met. 80 years have passed since the events that occurred and people continue to

want these people to feel the justice that they deserve. These people will continue the fight no

matter what happens, they will continue to speak up for what is right. Justice is different for all,

to some in this case justice is seeing the people responsible dead, to others some see it as legal

justice, being behind bars and truly paying for their crimes. The idea behind their actions is like

what Laertes wanted to do. These people want to bring into the people that murdered their

parents to justice such as Laertes and what Shakespeare had written. Shakespeare had used this

idea of justice to highlight how justice isn't always what is expected. For instance, Laertes

assumed he would bring justice to the man who had killed his father, Hamlet, Laertes almost did

bring his father justice, but he failed to do so. However, even after the death of Laertes he

eventually got the justice he wanted, Hamlet died bringing justice to his father without him ever

knowing, all of this because of the actions of Claudius. With this idea of justice not always being

expected comes in addition the issue of political corruption as both are connected, justice can fix

political corruption; this corruption can make sure justice is twisted and abused. Czech Republic,

a place where government corruption is running rampant. Within an article by Michel Perottino,

“High level of distrust in political elites accompanied with a strong perception of corruption in

Czech Republic has led to an increase of several anti-corruption nongovernmental organisations'

activities” with this information, the distrust within the republic connects with all the distrust in
 Santoyo 16

Denmark and the play. Shakespeare uses Hamlet to highlight the distrust with Claudius since he

knows the truth. Claudius’ actions are a major part of the corruption within the play, as his

corruption spreads. His corruption spreads to Laertes and uses him to go kill Hamlet and

continue to let the corruption of Denmark continue. Shakespeare used the character of Claudius

to highlight the issues of political corruptness, one main thing is the murder of his brother in

order to become king.

Society has made some progress when writing about the ideas of justice and political

corruption. In comparison to the Elizabethan era, it is much of an improvement. However, there

are still issues, people are going to want power, with that want for power comes corruption. With

corruption people in power will handle the idea of justice with bias, if it affects their power, no

justice will be served. The play still does serve a purpose when talking about justice and political

justice as these two issues are something that will stick around as people are not perfect and can

be corrupted and people want justice for whatever they experience that requires it. Although

there is something to learn from, the idea of political corruption wasn’t at the forefront of the

play, it still played a major role in the play. Political corruption started the whole play, the killing

of the king. Claudius may have had power for some time, but he did not keep it for long, which

brings me to the next idea, justice. Justice did have a major part in the play, and in many of the

examples shown before. Within the play, Hamlet’s main goal was to bring Claudius to justice

and to show the crimes he had committed to gain the power of king. Justice was the base for the

people within the research, fighting against a corrupted government and its laws. The play,

Hamlet: Prince of Denmark still stands as a great example to show these certain ideas however

the way they are presented are different from today. People aren’t trying to gain power to be

king, many people want to become rich and famous. These ideas are still present however the
 Santoyo 17

process and end goal are way different compared to the culture of before. People want power

without having to do the work themselves.

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Works Cited

Galanova, Mira. “Franco’s Ghosts.” New Internationalist, no. 494, July 2016, pp. 30–31.

EBSCOhost, https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=pwh&AN=116254313&site=ehost-live. Date accessed 22nd February,

2022

Perottino, Michel, et al. “Reconstruction of the State: Lobbying against Political Corruption in

the Czech Republic.” Journal of Public Affairs (14723891), vol. 20, no. 1, Feb. 2020, pp.

1–10. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2054. Date accessed 21st February 2022

Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. New Folger's ed.

Washington Square Press/Pocket Books, 1992.

“William Shakespeare Quotes about Honor: A-Z Quotes.” Date accessed March 2nd, 2022
https://www.azquotes.com/author/13382-William_Shakespeare/tag/honor.

Annotated bibliography

Galanova, Mira. “Franco’s Ghosts.” New Internationalist, no. 494, July 2016, pp. 30–31.

EBSCOhost, https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=pwh&AN=116254313&site=ehost-live.

Citation paragraph 1:
 Santoyo 19

Within the article it contains an interview about a woman whose mother experiences the cruelty

and suffering of Franco’s rule. The person being interviewed and them talking about their

experiences lays the foundation for the reasoning behind her desire for justice. This need for

justice connects back to the social issue because justice can take many perspectives, and this is

one way that justice can be viewed and wanted.

Citation paragraph 2:

This article helps defend and prove the main idea of this paper; justice comes in different ways.

Looking at the interview throughout this article, it defends the claim because even after 80 years

of these horrific experiences people still have this passion to put the people behind bars and serve

legal justice. However, it wasn’t an easy battle to have, many thought otherwise but eventually

some of the people behind it were given the justice they deserved. Although it wasn’t all of them

it was a step in the right direction, showing how this article helped defend the main claim.

Perottino, Michel, et al. “Reconstruction of the State: Lobbying against Political Corruption in

the Czech Republic.” Journal of Public Affairs (14723891), vol. 20, no. 1, Feb. 2020, pp.

1–10. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2054.

Citation paragraph 1:

This article directly talks about political corruption, this issue of political corruption is something

that works in tandem with justice, as justice can take down political corruption however political

corruption can shift the idea of justice and essentially get rid of it. This article highlights the first
 Santoyo 20

part, justice taking down political corruption, this addresses how justice and politics are

connected to one another.

Citation paragraph 2:

This article was used within the paper, to defend my claim, the paper shows how people use

justice in order to end political corruption. The article helps defend as the use of political

corruption is to help prove that justice is needed for the republic. The rest of the article talks

about how political corruption is a tool for politicians to talk about change and requiring justice

for everything to change.

Rosenmüller, Christoph. “‘Corrupted by Ambition’: Justice and Patronage in Imperial New

Spain and Spain, 1650-1755.” Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 96, no. 1, Feb.

2016, pp. 1–37. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-3423868.

Citation Paragraph 1:

Similarly, to the previous article, this one had also dived into the issue of political corruption.

This article goes into the detail about the issue of corruption within the government of Spain.

Talking about how the idea of corruption was used for own personal gain, similarly to Hamlet

with the Claudius killing the king to gain power.

Citation paragraph 2:

This article was used, because it continues to use the issue of corruption and more specifically

political corruption. By using this article, it would help in highlighting political corruption within
 Santoyo 21

different politics. This article also provides a different perspective into the issue of political

corruption and corruption itself.

Sangster, Joan. “Criminalizing the Colonized: Ontario Native Women Confront the Criminal

Justice System, 1920–60.” Canadian Historical Review, vol. 102, July 2021, pp. s387–

410. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.3138/chr-102-s2-004.

Citation Paragraph 1:

This article contained an example of people coming together to fight against specific laws related

to children's welfare. This article may not be dealing with corruption directly, but it may be able

to provide details of what people do in fighting back political corruption. People have the right to

protest and fight against something they don’t believe in, freedom of speech.

Citation Paragraph 2:

The main reason this article was chosen was because of how it highlights how people are

protesting these child welfare laws. They are paying attention to this and helping out their cause

in the process. The thing that stood out was this example of people coming together and fighting

for what they believed in, this connects back to political corruption, because people who live in

places where corruption runs rampant will also do the same.

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