Professional Elective II (ITUA32181A)

Machine Learning

Dr. Pravin R Futane

pravin.futane@viit.ac.in

Department of Information Technology

BRACT’S Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology,Pune-48
(An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)
(NBA and NAAC accredited, ISO 9001:2015 certified)
 Last Session Recap
(Applicable for subsequent sessions)

1. Discussed about Course Plan-Objectives and outcome

2. Syllabii
3. Assessment and Examination Plan

P R Futane, Department of IT, VIIT,Pune-48 2

 Objective/s of this session
1. Understanding Human learning aspects.
2. Understanding primitives and methods in learning process by computer.
3. Understanding nature of problems solved with Machine Learning.
4. Understanding of building basic machine learning models using Clouds .

Learning Outcome
After studying this course, students will be able to:
1. CO-1. Comprehend basics of statistics used in machine learning.
2. CO-2. Understand binary and multiclass classification strategies and linear models.
3. CO-3. Understand regression and generalization theory.
4. CO-4. Demonstrate and apply algebraic models and logic based models
5. CO-5. Demonstrate models based on probability
6. CO-6 Critically analyze and adopt the ML practices to further develop ML based projects.

P R Futane, Department of IT, VIIT,Pune-48 3

 Content of Unit I–
Basics Of Statistics And Introduction To Machine Learning

• Statistics : Descriptive Statistics, Hypothesis Testing, Regression methods and

applications, Cluster analysis, Introduction to factoring and methods of factoring,
selection of right method of factoring.

• Introduction: What is and What is not Machine Learning, Examples of Machine

Learning applications, Training versus Testing, Positive and Negative Class,
Cross-validation. Types of Learning: Supervised, Unsupervised and Semi-
Supervised Learning.

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P R Futane, Department of IT, VIIT,Pune-48
 Focus on
Session 1.1
 Syllabus Overview.
 Importance of Course its objective and outcomes
Session 1.2
 Introduction– What is and What is not Machine Learning, Examples of Machine Learning applications,
Session 1.3
 Training versus Testing,
 Positive and Negative Class,
 Cross-validation.
Session 1.4
 Types of Learning: Supervised, Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Learning.
Session 1.5
 Statistics : Descriptive Statistics,
 Hypothesis Testing,
 Regression methods and applications,
Session 1.6
 Cluster analysis,
 Introduction to factoring and methods of factoring, selection of right method of factoring.
 Recap of UNIT-I
5
P R Futane, Department of IT, VIIT,Pune-48
Machine Learning
Magic?
No, more like gardening

• Seeds = Algorithms
• Nutrients = Data
• Gardener = You
• Plants = Programs
Definition
 It’s a task of writing any software which solely
learns from their past experiences.
 It is semi automated extraction of knowledge from
data

Experience : E
Task : T
Performance measure : P

Ex. Tic-Tac-Toe
Definition
.
Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that
provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve
from experience without being explicitly programmed.

Machine learning focuses on the development of computer

programs that can access data and use it learn for themselves
Traditional Vs ML approach
• A branch of artificial intelligence, concerned with the design and
development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors based
on empirical data.

• As intelligence requires knowledge, it is necessary for the computers to

acquire knowledge.
Role of Classifier
Role of Classifier
• Training :
It is used to built up the training model
Labels are given

• Testing :
It is used to validate the model built.
Labels are known but not given.

Training Vs Testing
Training and testing

Data acquisition Practical usage

Universal set
(unobserved)

Training set Testing set

(observed) (unobserved)
 Training and testing
• Training is the process of making the system able to learn.

• No free lunch rule:

• Training set and testing set come from the same distribution
• Need to make some assumptions or bias
Learning system model

Testing

Input Learning
Sample Method

System

Training
Datasets
• Supervised learning _ I_KNW
• Unsupervised learning – I DNT KNW
• Reinforcement learning- MAY BE
Ex. Ham/ Spam email
Customer behaviour in shop
( Predictions )

Categories of ML
Courtesy : Edureka 21
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Machine learning structure
• Supervised learning
 Machine learning structure
• Unsupervised learning
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning
Models Used in ML

• Geometric Models
SVM, Classification, K-means, KNN
• Probabilistic models
Naïve-Bayes, perceptron

• Logical Models
Decision tree, Regression
 Applications
• Face detection
• Object detection and recognition
• Image segmentation
• Multimedia event detection
• Economical and commercial usage
Applications
ML in Practice
• Understanding domain, prior knowledge, and goals
• Data integration, selection, cleaning,
pre-processing, etc.
• Learning models
• Interpreting results
• Consolidating and deploying discovered knowledge
• Loop
Some web-based examples of machine learning

• The web contains a lot of data. Tasks with very big datasets
often use machine learning
 especially if the data is noisy or non-stationary.
• Spam filtering, fraud detection:
 The enemy adapts so we must adapt too.
• Recommendation systems:
 Lots of noisy data. Million dollar prize!
• Information retrieval:
 Find documents or images with similar content.
• Data Visualization:
 Display a huge database in a revealing way
Most common Softwares used

• Python
• Java
• Netbeans
• Weka for simulations purpose
•R
• Any open source software
Trends in ML
• Deep Leaning with ANN
• Active and passive learning
• Bagging and boosting
so on……………………..
Trends in ML : Deep Learning
Trends in ML : Deep Learning
Questions Time ?
 To be discussed next time
Session 1.1
 Syllabus Overview.
 Importance of Course its objective and outcomes
Session 1.2
 Introduction– What is and What is not Machine Learning, Examples of Machine Learning applications
Session 1.3
 Training versus Testing,
 Positive and Negative Class,
 Cross-validation.
Session 1.4
 Types of Learning: Supervised, Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Learning.
Session 1.5
 Statistics : Descriptive Statistics,
 Hypothesis Testing,
 Regression methods and applications,
Session 1.6
 Cluster analysis,
 Introduction to factoring and methods of factoring, selection of right method of factoring.
 Recap of UNIT-I 52
P R Futane, Department of IT, VIIT,Pune-48
 Wrap up and related outcomes

1.
2.
3.
4.

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P R Futane, Department of IT, VIIT,Pune-48
Thank You

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