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Clustering
Unsupervised learning
Euclidean Distance
p ( p1 , p 2 ,..., p n )
q (q1 , q 2 ,..., q n )
n
ED (p
i 1
i qi ) 2
Component of SOM
• Sample data
• Weights
• Output nodes
Structure of the map
Initialize Map
For t from 0 to 1
Select a sample
Get best matching unit
Scale neighbors
Increase t a small amount
m i ( t 1) m i ( t ) ( t )[ x ( t ) m i ( t )]
i N c ( t ) End for
Advantage and Disadvantage
Advantages
• Very easy to understand.
• Works well.
• SOM is Algorithm that projects high-dimensional data onto
a two-dimensional map.
• SOM still have many practical applications in pattern
recognition, speech analysis, industrial and medical
diagnostics, data mining
Disadvantages
• computationally expensive.
• every SOM is different.
• Large quantity of good quality representative training
data required.
• No generally accepted measure of ‘quality’ of a SOM
Unsupervised Learning
Architecture of SOM
Made up of an input nodes and
computational nodes.
each computational node is connected to
each input node to from lattice.
Kohonen SOM (Self Organizing Maps)
Architecture of SOM
There are no interconnections among the
computational nodes.
Structure of Neighborhoods
Kohonen Self Organizing Maps
Architecture
neuron i
Kohonen layer
wi
Winning neuron
Input vector X
X=[x1,x2,…xn] Rn
wi=[wi1,wi2,…,win] Rn
Application of SOM
4) More,…
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