REVISION FOR MID-TERM TEST

1. What are the function of nominal clause or noun equivalents

(Noun/ Pro/ NP) ? Give examples for illustration.
Answers: There are five functions of noun clause
 Subject: Noun clauses can function as subjects of sentences. 
For example:  Why my pet turtle stares at me all day is beyond me. 
 Direct Object: Noun clauses can also function as direct objects of
the verb in the independent clause.
For example: When my dog goes to doggy day care, I do not
know what he does, but he always has the best time. 
 Indirect Object: Noun clauses can also act as indirect objects of
the verb in the independent clause. 
For example: She chose to photograph whomever was willing to
pose for her. 
 Object of the Preposition: Other times, noun clauses can act
as the object of a preposition in the independent clause. 
For example: I like to keep a schedule of when I have
upcoming appointments.
 Subject Complement: Lastly, noun clauses can act as subject
complements, or nouns that follow linking verbs. 
For example: Actors can become whomever they want to be on the
stage. 

2. What is the main function of adverbial clause or adverbial

equivalents ( Adv/ Adv P/ Prep P) ? Illustrate with examples.
Answers: An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an
adverb. That is, the entire clause modifies a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb. As with all clauses, it contains a subject and predicate, though the
subject as well as the (predicate) verb may sometimes be omitted and
implied
For examples: When I finish studying, I will go abroad.

3. What are the function of adjective clause or adjective

equivalents ( Adj/ Adj P/ Prep P) ? Exemplify.
Answers: An adjective clause, or relative clause, is a type of
dependent clause that works to describe a noun in a sentence.
It functions as an adjective even though it is made up of a group of
words instead of just one word. In the case of an adjective clause, all the
words work together to modify the noun or pronoun.
 For examples: The news that made me worried is true
                                       Adj C as Mod

4. How different between subordinator, coordinator and

connector (conjunct) ?
Answers:
*Subordinators: are used to introduce subordinate ( or dependent ) clauses
such as nominal, adjective and adverbial clauses
For examples: Although, even though, whereas, while, when, after, so
that, because, whenever, until, unless,...
*Coordinators: are used to link the identical units of language 
For examples: but, for, and, nor, or, yet, so
*Connector ( conjunct ): are used to link independent clause
For examples: however, by contrast,...

5. How different between simple sentence, subordination and

coordination? Clarify with examples.

Simple Subordination Coordination Sub-coordination

Sentence

The combination The The The combination

of only one main combination of combination of subordination
clause plus at only one main of at least 2 and coordination
least one clause plus at independent or in other
subordinate least one clauses. words, the
clause by means subordinate *E.g: combination of
of clause Everyone was at least two
subordinators *E.g: Although busy, so I independent
as prepositions he was busy, he went to the clauses and one
came to the cinema alone. or more
party. subordinate
clauses.
6. What are the elements/ components of a sentence structure ?
Answers: There are five types of sentence element:
 subject.
 Verb
 object.
 predicative (aka complement)
 adverbial (aka adjunct)

7. What are the differences between internal and external

elements in a sentence structure ?
Answers:
*External are auxiliary elements added to the sentence, the part outside of
the sentence pattern, it does not affect the completion of the sentence.
*Internal are mandatory elements in a sentence such as Subject, verb,..

8. What are the forms of subject/ verb/ object/ complement/

adjunct ?
Answers:
*Subject and Object can be noun equivalents ( a noun, noun phrase, noun
clause , pronoun, gerund, to-infinite )
*Verb can be intensive verb , transitive verb, intransitive verb
*Complement can be noun, adjective clause, to-infinite, gerund
*Adjunct can be prepositional phrase or adverb

9. Give examples in which Vint/ Vtmono/ Vtdi/ Vi can be used ?

10. Give examples in which / Vpmono/ Vpdi/ Vpcomp can be
used ?
Answers:
*Vpmono
 The speech was read ( by me ).
        [      S          Vpmono ]    Ag      (8) ( Agent)
*Vpdi
 A present was sent to me.
       [      S          Vpdi       Od   ] (9a )
*Vpcomp
 Vinh Ha Long was considered ( as ) a heritage.
         [   S                   Vpcomp                    Cs         ] (10)
  The book was put on the table.
[    S        Vpcomp      Ad         ] (11)

11. Give examples of patterns/ types 1-11 ?

12. Give examples of patterns/ types 1-11 with at least 3 external
elements?
13. How can you differentiate Vt from Vi as an ordinary verb ?
Answers:
*Transitive verb ( Vt) : The sentence which answers for what question
        E.g: I like watching TV => What do you like?
*Intransitive verb ( Vi) : The sentence which answer for where, when, how
questions
        E.g: I live in Danang => Where do you live?

14. How can you identify the Vint, formally ?

Answers: Formally, Vint comprises the Verb be and linking verbs.
For examples:    She was an engineer.
           She seems to enjoy watching TV.

15. What are the differences between adjunct, disjunct, filler

and interjection?