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Introduction To System Dynamics: Mohon Me-Rename Kehadiran Niu - Namasesuaiktm
Introduction To System Dynamics: Mohon Me-Rename Kehadiran Niu - Namasesuaiktm
kehadiran
NIU_NamaSesuaiKTM
(DS)
System and Components A system consists of a combination of elements which,
acting together, perform a specific task.
• A system is defined as a combination of components that act together to
perform a certain objective.
Botol (gallon) Systems are comprised of collections of elements
Air that affect each other.
1. Saklar On/Off
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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering
m
yd
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering
Disturbances 4
System Variables and Parameter
• State variables are used to describe the system.
• The state variables constitute the minimum set of system variables
necessary to describe completely the state of the system at any given
instant of time. Input to a system causes the system
Systems
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• Output: …?
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering
3. Thermostat 2
• Parameter: …? 4. Saluran daya utama
• System model 5. Elemen pemanas
• ODE (y) = f (u) 6. Saluran air panas
7. Saluran air normal
8. Pipa pembuangan
6
Sistem Fluida dalam Tangki SS
• Elemen:
• tangki (D, Z), pipa inlet, pipa outlet/katub
• Input:
• debit inlet
• Output:
Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering
Fluida dari suatu (M. Reuter & S. Zacher, Regelungstechnik fuer Ingenieure, 2008)
tangki disalurkan ke
Input: bukaan katub (y) tangki lainnya
Output: perubahan level fluida (h) dengan pompa yang
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝐻 digerakan oleh turbin
=𝐴 = 𝑄𝑒 − 𝑄𝑎 uap.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Laju putaran pompa
Keadaan steadi (H=Ho) 𝑄𝑒𝑠 = 𝑄𝑎 = 𝑘𝑦𝑠
dikendalikan
𝑥 = 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠 ℎ = 𝐻 − 𝐻𝑜 berdasarkan beda
𝑑ℎ 𝑑ℎ
𝐴 = 𝑘𝑦 − 𝑘𝑦𝑠 = 𝑘𝑥 = 𝐾𝑃 𝑥 tekan.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (P.J. Thomas, Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers, 1999) 8
(M. Reuter & S. Zacher, Regelungstechnik fuer Ingenieure, 2008)
Sistem Fluida Loop Primer PDN
Reaktor Nuklir Pembangkit Uap • Pompa diperlukan dalam sirkulasi
(PWR) (SG) loop pendingin primer
𝑙 𝑑𝑚ሶ 𝑚ሶ 2 1 1
+ 𝑝𝑜 − 𝑝𝑖 + 𝜌𝑔 𝑧𝑁 − 𝑧1 + 2 − 2 =0
𝐴 𝑇
𝑑𝑡 2𝜌 𝐴 𝑁 𝐴1
Drop tekanan
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(friksi)
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• Persamaan pompa
𝑙 𝑑𝑚ሶ 𝑚ሶ 2 1 1
+ 𝑝𝑜 − 𝑝𝑖 + 2 − 2 =0
𝐴 𝑇
𝑑𝑡 2𝜌 𝐴 𝑁 𝐴1
𝑈 𝑥𝑎
=
𝑙 𝑥1
Parameter: …?
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering
3. Thermostat 2
4. Saluran daya utama
5. Elemen pemanas
6. Saluran air panas
7. Saluran air normal
8. Pipa pembuangan
11
(M. Reuter & S. Zacher, Regelungstechnik fuer Ingenieure, 2008)
Sistem Termal dalam Tangki SS
• Elemen:
• Tangki SS, elemen pemanas listrik, pipa inlet, katub outlet
• Input:
• Aliran energi (daya pemanas listrik), aliran air dari botol (suhu)
• Output:
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• System model:
• ODE (y) = f(u)
Cangkir 12
Sistem ruang hunian
Sistem Termal
Suhu ruang diukur dengan termometer. Sinyal suhu Ta
(Ta) diteruskan ke kendali (R). Beda suhu antara TL
aktual (Ta) dengan suhu yang ditetapkan (Tsp) Tsp Ta
diteruskan ke katub kontrol (STV). Perubahan Tsp
bukan katub kontrol (STV) akan menentukan laju TL
aliran pemanas ruangan.
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Tsp
𝑑𝐶𝑖 𝑘𝛽𝑖
= 𝑛 − 𝜆𝑖 𝐶𝑖
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𝑑𝑡 𝜄
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• Reaktivitas
= (xCR, TF, TP)
15
(P.J. Thomas, Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers, 1999)
Klasifikasi Model Sistem
Non-linear: kuadratis, exponensial (logaritmik)
• Linear – non linear dy (t )
= 2.0u (t ) − 0.15 y 2 (t ) − e − y (t ) − ln ( y (t ))
dt
• Lump – distributed
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Atribut Waktu
• Sistem Statik
• Keadaan tidak berubah.
• Sistem Stasioner (Steadi, tunak)
• Perubahan sifat sistem konstan dan setiap rentang waktu tertentu serupa.
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• Sistem Dinamik
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• Keadaan sistem x(t1) dipengaruhi oleh keadaan awal x(t0) dan perubahan input u(t)
dalam rentang waktu (t0, t1).
17
Model Epidemi
• Populasi dikelompokan: x1, x2, x3
• x1 = jumlah suspek Suspek Terinveksi Sembuh
• x2 = jumlah terinveksi (x1) (x2) (x3)
• x3 = jumlah sembuh (imun)
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• Pendekatan model
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering
𝑑2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥𝑖𝑛
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑚 2 +𝑏 + 𝑘𝑥 = 𝑏 + 𝑘𝑥𝑖𝑛
𝑚 +𝑏 + 𝑘𝑦 = 0 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
19
Topik Bahasan
• Pengantar • Sistem termal
• Model sistem IO, TF • Sistem hidraulik
• Model sistem SSE • Sistem pneumatik
• Sistem mekanik translasi • Persamaan neraca massa & energi
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Dinamika Sistem
• Studi kasus (pemodelan)
• Sistem mekanik (percobaan pegas)
• Sistem fluida (percobaan aliran dari tangki)
• Pustaka
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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering
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