Biak na Bato (1897)

San Miguel de Mayumo Bulacan

Gen. Miguel Primo de Rivera (leader of Spain)

Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer (wrote consti)

Jimaguayu, Cuba ( where biak na bato was based)

November 1, 1897 ( promulgated by Ph Revolutionary gov)

FEATURES:
 Preamble ( objective of revolution: separation from Spanish monarchy and be an
independent state with own gov)
 Government :Supreme Council ( pres, vpres, secretary of interior, sec of foreign
relations, sec of war, sec of treasury)
 Must:issue orders, impose and collect taxes, raise army, ratify treaties,
convene assembly of representatives
 Tagalog was the official language
 Supreme council of justice (contain judiciary power)
 Lasted for 2 years
 Articles 22-25is compared to Bill of rights

Malolos Republic (1899) – first republican consti in asia

 Short-lived
 Demise began at start of American ph war in feb 1899
 March 1901 (president Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela was captured)
 July 1901 ( amricans established first civil gov in ph)
 1896 ( Philippines tried to create an independent nation)
 Inaugural session happened at Barasoain church ( September 15,1898)
 One of first acts is to ratify independence declaration in Kawit
 Malolos congress was originally conceived by Apolinario Mabini )presidential adviser)
 Pedro Paterno ( must form a government that would recognize foreign powers)
 Mabini believed that peaceful conditions must first prevail before drafting of consti
 Felipe Calderon ( submitted the consti’s draft)
 October 25 (discussions for constitution began)
 Mexico, Belgium, Guatemala, costa rica, brazil, France (inspiration for the consti)
 Issue: Union of church and state where Catholicism is the state religion (voted twce)
 Winner: church and state must be separated
  November 29,1898 this was approved
FEATURES;

 Popular government or supreme power is given to a legistlative body as people’s

representatives
 Final approvement after amendments : January 21
 GOVERNMENT : popular, representative, responsible
 Presidental is elected for 4 years by majority of assembly
 Freedom of religion and separation of church ands tates
 Basiccivil rights of fil and foreigners (articles 19 and 23)
 Mabini was replaced as president of cabinet
First Philippine republic ( inaugurated January 23, 1899)
Malolos republic was the first democratic government
In included management of social services, educ, army, moentary, diplomatic, govpublication to
spread foreign nations

1935 Constitution and Commonwealth gov

 1907 (ph assembly was established)

 Gov-general Francis Burton Harrison (1913-1921) – Filipinization policy of government
was put into place
 Ph commission members and civil servants were replaced by filipinos
 Jones Law 1916 (Ph autonomy act was passedby us congress
o JONES LAW is composed of: American gov genereal, cabinel, senate and ouse of
representatives are all filipinos
o Provided executive and legislative sectors power over domestic affairs
 Oct 16,1916 ( new ph legislature was inaugurated)
 Sergio osmeña is the hosue speaker and manuel queson as senate president.
 Harrison formed council of state ( advisory body to gov general)
 1918-1932 ( 5 philippine independence missions to US)
 Tydings-Mcduffie Law ( approved: March 24,2934 and was known as Ph independence
act)

COMMONWEALTH GOV
 10-year transitional period government
 July 10,1934 ( election was held to vote for delegates)
 July 30 (convention was opened)
 202 delegates
  Franklin Delano Roosevelt approved this (March 23,1935)
 Ratified in plebiscite (may 14 1935)

1935 consitution is the fundamental law of land until 1972

It established coomonwealth of phwhere it must be called as republic of the Philippines,
Enumerated about 3 brances of government
It created general auditing office and framework for civil service
Suffrage for women
Creatio of armed forces for national defense
Led to contry’s independence a year later
Development of national language

 Draft of the constitution was finished January 31,1935 and was approved feb 8.
 Tomas Cabili ( constitutions did not serve well Mindanao, he is from Lanao)

Japanese occupation and second ph republic (1943 ocnsti)

 Second world war and Japanese occupation interrupted commonwealth gov
 President manuel quezon went to us for exile
 Greater East asia co-prosperity sphere program ( policy of attraction)
 Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod s aBagong Pilipinas or KALIBAPI (political party during
Japanese occupation)
 Philippine commission for Philippine independence wrote new consti
 Signed and finished on september 4,1943
 Oct 3,1943, second ph republic was inaugurated
 Jose P Laurel was the president
 Condensed version of 1935 constitution with preamble and 12 articles
 Transitory in nature
 Powers of government were concentrated to president
 Bill of rights enumerated obligations than constitutional rights and declared tagalog as a
national language
 Legitimate and binding only to Japanese controlled areas
 Abolished along with second republic upon liberation of Philippines 0n 1945

1973 consitution
 June 1 , 1971 ( con-con) was convened at manila hotel
  Second term of Ferdinand marcos where convention opened
 First quarter storm’s peace and order deteriorated
 Eduardo Quintero of leyte accused marcos for bribing delegates to vote for change oand
form of gov
 September 21,1972 (martial law – abolishment of congress)
 Draft constitution approved on November 30
 Marcos submitted it to citizen assemblies” to reject of approve the new ocnsti.
 January 10-15, 1972 (plebiscite was held)
 January 17,1973 (proclamation no. 1102 ( ratification)
 1981 (many amendments were made like president being head of state and chief
executive of nation)
 Ammnded consti granted presidential powers and functions already vested in prime
minister and cabinet
FEATURES: parliamentary form of government where
president is the ehad of state and prime minister as head of government (head of cabinet)
Batasang Pambansa”legislative power was vested”

FREEDOM CONSTITUTION (1986)

 Proclamation no. 3 (Mar 24,1896)
 Adopted 1973 consitution like bill of rights
 President exercise legislative powers until legislature was convened under new consti
 President appoints members of consistutional commission