asSjafruddin Prawiranegara (EYD: Syafruddin Prawiranegara; 28 February 1911 – 15

February 1989) was an Indonesian statesman and economist. He served as the head of
government in the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia, as Minister of
Finance in several cabinets, and was the first Governor of Bank Indonesia between
1951 and 1958. He then became the prime minister of the Revolutionary Government of
the Republic of Indonesia, a shadow government set up in opposition to the
country's central government.

Originating from Banten with Minangkabau ancestry, Sjafruddin became active in

politics after his education in law. By 1940, he was working at a tax office, and
joined the nationalist movements during the Japanese occupation of 1942–1945. Due
to his closeness to the revolutionary leader Sutan Sjahrir, he was appointed
finance minister in the Republican government during the Indonesian National
Revolution of 1945–1949. In this capacity, he lobbied for and distributed the Oeang
Republik Indonesia, a predecessor currency to the Indonesian rupiah. Despite his
socialist views, he joined the Islamic Masyumi party. In December 1948, a Dutch
offensive captured the Indonesian revolutionary leaders including President
Sukarno, resulting in Sjafruddin activating contingency plans and forming the
Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia on 22 December. For seven months
in West Sumatra, he became the head of government of Indonesia, allowing the
government to continue functioning and ensuring continued resistance.

Following the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement – which he had opposed – he returned his
governing mandate to Sukarno in July 1949. With Indonesia now independent,
Sjafruddin was first appointed deputy prime minister, then reappointed as finance
minister until 1951. One of the party's leaders and its most prominent economic
policymaker, he maintained a conservative approach to government budgets and
established a foreign exchange certificate system. In order to reduce money supply
and curb inflation, he formulated the "Sjafruddin Cut" policy which involves
physically cutting Dutch-issued banknotes in half. He then became the first
governor of Bank Indonesia, where his general accommodative approach to foreign
capital and opposition to nationalization caused tensions with the Sukarno
government and economists such as Sumitro Djojohadikusumo.

A pragmatic policymaker, he espoused religious socialism ssssssssssssss dasd asd

aand based his views on a liberal Islamic interpretation and was a staunch opponent
of communism. His opposition to Sukarno's Guided Democracy along with Dutch–
Indonesian tensions caused a significant split between Sjafruddin and the Sukarno
government. Escaping to Sumatra, he made contacts with dissident army officers and
began openly criticizing the government. While initially reluctant to spark a civil
war, in February 1958 he became leader of the Revolutionary Government of the
Republic of Indonesia in West Sumatra. The rebellion was soon defeated, and after
three years of guerilla warfare Sjafruddin surrendered to the government in 1961.
Imprisoned until 1966, once released he became a vocal critic of the New Order
government for its corruption and imposition of the principle of Pancasila to
religious and social organizations until his death in 1989. Despite opposition from
the armed forces, he was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in
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