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Slow

Fashion
BY VALERIA PEREZ
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table of


The fast-fashion industry has had a large nega-
tive impact on the way in which people purchase
and dispose of clothing. Mainly because of how
contents
easy and inexpensive it is to obtain clothing
and then quickly dispose of it when they are
not considered “trendy” anymore. The action of
selling large quantities of clothing at relatively
low-prices reflects the industry business model
that has resulted in overconsumption of clothing.
Although this has positively impacted the global
economy there are many prevailing underlying BACK GROUND INFORMATION......................................................4-5
issues. These issues range from human to envi-
ronmental health risks from damaged water sup- ENVIROMENTAL SCAN.................................................................... 9-12
plies, contributions to landfills and poor-quality
working conditions. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE.................................................................. 13
This campaingn will be measured by using a
survey with a convinience sample approach. The RESEARCH QUESTIONS............................................................. 14-15
findings reflect that many consumers are aware
where their clothing comes from but still pur- RESEARCH DESIGN............................................................................16-17
chase due to convinience.
APPENDIX............................................................................................18-37
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Background Information Moreover, in this research report will work to identify


the negative effects the fast-fashion industry has on
human- rights and environmental damage. The term
“fast” can be depicted on how quickly retailers ma-
neuver runway-looks to retail stores. This is a strategy
When the change of seasons arrives, I find myself that many retailers keep in order to keep their clientele
deep cleaning my apartment. I have the instinct to content and greatly impacts on their consumption be-
throw away or donate things that no longer serve a havior. The high demand within this specific industry
purpose for me, especially when it comes to cloth- has led to many companies having a strong supply
ing. Clothing, although is not a necessity, I find myself
wanting more, even after getting rid of “old” or “uncool” chain that can effectively meet client’s expectations
garments. Over the last few-years I found myself not or needs in attaining the latest trends. Many compa-
engaging in consuming behavior due to the fact that I nies have amplified their supply and chain, due to the
had to live below my means in order to pay for neces- rise of globalizations and of a global economy which
sities such as food or rent. Now that I am in a better has resulted in supply chains becoming international.
place economically, I wanted to gain a better under- This alternation of obtaining low-quality fibers and the
standing on why we over consume cheap raw materi- manufacturing of textiles has also led to companies
als. This can be identified as a cycle of consumerism engaging in cheap-labor. In other words, increased
of purchasing clothing leading to throwing away or consumption correlates to the production of inexpen-
donating. sive clothing which results in having low-prices due to
cheap labor.
Most Generation-Z, including myself, claim to be
“green” consumers. Yet, we contribute to throw-away America thrives on capitalism which leads to over
culture. For instance, when cleaning out a closet I bun- consumption. Internationally, approximately 80 billion
dle up my unwanted clothing in boxes and drop them brand new garments are purchased, that is an esti-
off to a local Goodwill or Salvation Army. When donat- mate of $1.2 trillion dollars annually for the global fash-
ing clothing we are often under the impression that the ion industry (Bick, R., Halsey, E., & Ekenga, C. C.,2018).
clothing that we give away will be re-worn for some-
one in need within our proximity. As well as, this is a The industry shops are located in countries such as
better alternative than throwing it away in the garbage. China and Bangladesh where pieces of new cloth-
Many Americans have no idea that their unwanted ing are assembled by workers. Those pieces are then
clothing will be shipped to a third world country or end shipped out to retailers and are mainly purchased by
up in landfill. The intended needs for this research are Americans. The United States is the number one nation
to convince a target audience between the ages of 18- that consumes the most clothing and textiles in com-
30 that they can care for the environment and oppose parison to other nations. About 85% of the clothing that
slave labor while expressing their individuality. It is also translates into approximately 3.8 billion pounds annu-
to uncover if they buy thrift items or purchase from ally ends up in landfills, resulting in about 80 pounds
per American annually.
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Enviromental Concerns
There are evident global health costs that derive from
the production of cheap clothing. During the industrial Fast fashion falls under the category of a global envi-
revolution era many disasters such as the 1911 Triangle ronment subject. According to the United States En-
Shirtwaist Factory fire have led to implementation of vironmental Protection Agency defines environmental
occupational protections and ethical work standards justice as the following, “ fair treatment and meaning-
within the United States, sadly that isn’t the case for ful involvement of all people regardless of race, color,
low to middle income countries. Unsafe working con- national origin, or income, with respect to the develop-
ditions still prevail overseas. There’s an evident social ment, implementation, and enforcement of environmen-
cost that puts profit before taking in mind the cost of tal laws, regulations and policies.” Within the States,
human dignity and contributing to climate change that this belief has been predominantly utilized in scientific
can be seen at each stage of the production chain. publications in order to mark out the disproportionate
ronment and occupation is taken over by impoverished locations of hazardous waste sites in or nearby com-
workers, mainly women or children. munities of color. Environmental justice is not relevant to
many other countries. While the United States has a set
Images of 1911 Triangle Shirwaist Factory Fire of geographic boundaries within the country, this is not
the case for other countries where the manufacturing
process occurs. Many of these textile industries are lo-
cated in companies that are located in China or Bangla-
desh and have different regulations. These companies
are placed in low-income communities in third world
countries where the environment and occupation is
taken over by impoverished workers, mainly women
or children.
Environmental hazards:
The problem begins in the global textile production
where both natural and synthetic fibers are formed.
About 90% of garments that are shipped to the United
States are made with cotton or polyesters that are rel-
evant to severe health impacts that occur during the
manufacturing and production process. Both the cotton
and polyester are problematic, polyester is a synthetic
oil synthetic textile that releases toxins when being pro-
duced. While cotton requires a generous amount of wa-
ter which causes water contamination where pesticides
grow. Furthermore, the act of dying textiles can result
in more contamination. A large portion of contaminated
water is utilized by local residents, within the water-sup-
ply are high levels of heavy metals and other toxins that
contribute to health problems.
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Once the clothing reaches its destination it’s sold to


Another example of a hazardous event is shown during traders who sell them in their local market. The clothing
the process of assembling the garments. About 40 mil- is sold in a combusted 1000-pound bales and is often
lion workers are employed by global textile companies, categorized and sorted by quality of the clothing. Many
they produce approximately 90% of the world’s clothing of the garments are often sold 3 -times cheaper than
(Bick, R., Halsey, E., & Ekenga, C. C. 2018). Many workers regular prices. If not sold it will end up in the landfills of
face unbearable working conditions due to bad manage- an underdeveloped country.
ment and political infrastructure. Some examples of poor
working conditions are poor ventilation due to cotton
dust and synthetic particles that end up in the air flow. ENVIROMENTAL SCAN:
As a result, many workers end up with life threatening
health issues such as lung cancer, endocrine damage Strengths:
which leads to reproductive issues and other developing Since the pandemics hit there was a drastic change
issues, accidental injuries or death. in consumer behavior. Many shoppers are leaning to-
wards purchasing online demonstrating a high interest
Textile Waste: in environmental and social impacts. Based on data
more shoppers are more interested in buying sustain-
Fast fashion is part of throw-away culture. The business able brands. This can be correlated due to the high
model of the industries inspires their customer base to presence of social media that allows the consumer to
be presented with numerous communication chan-
view clothing as disposable. As mentioned earlier the av- nels. The internet can be viewed as a community
erage American disposes 80 pounds of unwanted cloth- where many consumers have access to blogs or cer-
ing which translates to 5% of landfill contribution. Data tain influencers that nurture or influence consumer
shows that many Americans don’t intentionally throw purchase decisions. According to Rickman and Cosen-
away their clothing to the garbage, instead they are more za who researched fashion blogs stated that fashion
consumers mainly gain inspiration through media such
likely to donate their unwanted clothing to places such as movies, sharing posts, celebrity street style,etc.
as Goodwill or Salvation Army. This is done in hopes that These inspiration ideas are spoken in the media that
they will find someone within their community that will are eventually constructed into trends. Those trends
make use of their old garments. are easily shared through social media which allows
the industry to interact and develop relationships with
their intended audiences. For instance, Zara currently
When donating there’s an assumption or idea that your has 47.6 million followers on Instagram. There’s an
clothing won’t have any negative affect. Yet, there’s many evident relevance in the modern day of social com-
issues with donating one being that many garments end parison which stimulates validation when it comes to
up in the second-hand clothing trade. All donations that measuring consumer conversation along with likes
do not sell in second-hand American stores, approxi- and other interactions on social media platforms. This
is all relevant to purchase intentions due to the discus-
mately 500,000 tons, are shipped to third- world coun- sion of conversation where they receive advice, that
tries such as; Asia, Africa or South America. being positive or negative on the products they pur-
chase which ends up having an impact on consumers
purchases.
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In addition, social media can be viewed as a low-cost Opportunities:


form of marketing that can reach millions instantly. Ac-
cording to Statista 82% of Americans are utilizing social Many of the opportunities within fast-fashion will have to
media. Primarily many happen to be a younger genera- depend on textile development, corporate sustainability,
tion, depending on the platform. Pew Research Center trade policy and consumer habits.
surveyed the American Populations on their thoughts
and opinion on the topic on climate change. The results Corporate sustainability:
reflected that millennials and adults in generation-z have
conversations on the importance of acting upon the is- Companies should focus on reducing their carbon foot
sue. The main tool that influences their opinion on the prints that being the following: packaging waste, water
climate change issue is social media. This is highly due usage or any other harmful practices. It is proven that
to the content they view on their timelines. Which then there’s many benefits when reducing waste that can
influences them to participate actively by volunteering have a positive effect finnacially. That being not over pay-
or attending rallies of protest. Therefore, fast fashion and ing on cheap materials that will end up in the garbage
among other factors contribute to global warming. Many instead invest on material that will be beneficial for all.
consumers are socially aware which can cut back on
purchases. Trade Policy:

Weakness: Developed countries such as the United States can


promote regulations that have a positive impact on eco-
When diagnosing the problem it was important to ana friendly and safe options. They can impose a larger tax
lyze consumer behavior within the United States. The bracket to clothing companies that are related to fast-
American dream has always indicated that if you work fashion. This a great opportunity due to the fact theat
hard you will be compensated with an abundance of ma- their main source of profit derrives from Americans.
terial goods. That being: Making money, having things,
and seeing things, and seeing things as a means to suc- Consumer Role:
cess and happiness in life are at the heart of the concept
of materialism (Goldsmith, R. E., Flynn, L. R., & Clark, R. The ability to be transparent and educated the consum-
A. , 2012). For instance, purchasing a big house in a nice er. Step-by step the importance and the value that your
neighborhood or the newest car model. company holds.
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Threats:

This introduces focuses on over production that is


Research Objective
causing many garments to end up in landfills. Due to the
rise of technology this industry has come up with effec-
tive strategies that enable the consumer to buy cheap
clothing in order to have a sense of gratification. As well The intended needs for this research is to educate
as, set the tone of what is in season and what is no lon- people between the ages of 18-30 that they can care for
ger appropriate for one to wear. Yet, this issue can be the environment and oppose slave labor while express-
linked as early as World War II where fashion was broken ing their individuality. If they buy thrift items or buy from
down into seasons: spring/summer lines launched on transparent organizations. This will be measured by con-
runways in early fall, while autumn/winter lines launched ducting a Likert scale survey that will have 15 non-bias
in February. This enabled a timeline for the fashion in- questions and will be distributed in the Dubuque and
dustry where it gave brands enough time to market to Iowa City Area. The results that I hope to gain are a basic
the consumer and other retail buyers. In the timeframe understanding of how often they consume fast fashion
of gauging interest in the latest trends, brands have the products as well as their basic motives on purchasing
ability to determine demand so they can produce the ad- new clothing. Also, find out what they do with their cloth-
equate number of garments for the season. This method ing and just gain an understanding if they are confident
of determining demand was utilized for more up-scale that their unwanted items will be re-worn. This is relevant
brands, as fast-fashion designs make their way quicker due to the fact that in order to successfully educate
from runway to shelves. them in purchasing eco-friendly items, they will take all
Many fast-fashion brands have put a major focus on the information in order to apply it for future reference.
speed and agility. They gain inspiration from spotting They will be more likely to think twice when purchasing a
new trends and with their equipment of hyper-rapid 2-dollar t-shirt. This will all be achieved in a timely man-
design and supply chain system they have the ability ner due to the fact of lacking resources and times, all the
to push their product to market as quickly as possible. data will be collected in a convenient approach and from
Due to their effective implementation strategy they are 2-hand information of scholarly articles.
able to triumph traditional labels to market. For instance,
clothing and other accessories that were showcased
during the fall or spring are easily replicated before the
originals arrive at the store.
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Research Questions RQ3: Are consumers aware that a lower price for
clothing correlates to the use of poor material
and work conditions during the manufacturing
Here are a couple of research question that will help process?
reach the research objective:
H3: Consumers are aware where their clothing
RQ1: Does a higher income influence more derives from but don’t really care due to pricing.
consumerism within the fast fashion industry?
Most consumer’s consciously know where their items
H1: When one has a higher income, they distribute were made yet purchase them because it is convenient.
their assets differently compared to those who Living in a trend-era many consumers want to appear
are not economically stable. a certain way which motivates them to buy items within
their budget. Therefore, they see appearance as valu-
For instance, higher-earners tend to be more hyper able and don’t care where their garments derive from.
aware of what they purchase. They are more likely to
consume products that are of higher-quality because RQ4: When getting rid of old clothing how
they have the funds for it. As well as, most of them confident are they that their clothing will
might have an education background. Therefore, be re-worn again?
they are more likely to be informed of how the
manufacturing process. H4: People will feel confident that their old
clothing will be re-worn again.
RQ2: What motivates consumers to buy new
clothing? When cleaning out the closet many people turn to
donating as a great option. Most of the clothing is still
H2: Consumers are more likely to purchase due to in relatively good quality therefore it is not considered
trends. trash. Therefore, many turn to donating as the best op-
Living in a digital era one is constantly being thrown tion so someone within their community can make good
advertisements that are meant to influence or per- use of it. As well as, many are unaware that most of their
suade one to purchase items. The internet is utilized donated clothes will end up in a landfill if not sold in a
by big brand companies in order to target their audi- third-world market across the sea.
ence and distribute information in order to influence.
They are able to communicate based on the season
what types of clothing are in and what is out for the
season.
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Research Design The interview portion of the survey was composed


of 4 individual interviews. Two of participants were
women and the other two were males. The even split
between male and females was intentional to pro-
The research methodology conducted was a survey duce an equal prospective between male and female
consisting of fifteen questions. Types of scales that purchase behaviors. All four interviews were face-to-
were utilized were likert scale, frequency scales along face interviews. This was chosen due to the fact that
with demographic questions. The survey utilized the I wanted to avoid all sorts of interruptions and have a
behavior behind the purchase intentions of consum- more intimate conversation with the interviewee. The
ers. As well gain an insight of how often they purchase interviews took place in a study room at Loras Col-
new clothing. If so, how aware are they on the topic lege.
on the effects of slave labor and the contribution to
global warming. FIndings:
Due to the lack of time the sample that was taken was Based on the data the findings did reflected that
convenience sampling. This was distributed online on people who earn more tend to not spend on cheaply
platforms such as Snapchat and Facebook. Therefore, made clothing. Therefore, we can assume that eco-
those who had a minute to take the survey can be nomic status has a lot of influence if the focus is on
categorized as the most readily available members. quality or price. Based on the interview it indicated
that the motive of spending money on a new outfit
The questions that distributed can be categorized as was for work related purposes or an upcoming event.
quantitative data. Although, it was quite successful in People are more likely to re-wear work attire com-
that the number of responses were relatively good pared to a new dress. Due to the fact that many attires
that doesn’t necessarily guarantee accuracy. There- have a purpose or there’s a certain.
fore, in the study four interviews were conducted in
order to gather more qualitative data.
Conclusion:
Although we like to assume that are consumers we
really rely on convenience. That being from where we
obtain Obtain food to the clothing we wear. Clothes is
not seen as a direct necessity, yet many of us tend to
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Appendix
Survey Results:

Age & Average of


Annual Income:
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Interviews:

Ana
Bio: Female 24 yrs

1. What motivates you to want to purchase a new


outfit? How often.?
“I would say that I purchase clothing every two-
weeks, typically when I get paid. The motivation
behind purchasing new clothing would be the
time and care I have for my personal image. I feel
as when you appear well-dressed, you will be
taken more seriously and have an essence to
your persona. It symbolizes that you are well
prepared and are ready to take on whatever the
day has to offer.”

2. Do you feel as if you are more likely to follow


trends which also affect how often you pur
chase new clothing?

“As mentioned I do care for image therefore
this will more than likely affect how I appear. Yet,
I’m aware that many trends come and go there
fore when buying clothing I purchase items that
are timeless pieces. I tend to see what jacket I
have that will go- well with a certain shirt that I
may purchase.”
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3. When buying a new garment, what are you 6. Do you feel as if you will be more likely to re-
primarily looking for at an affordable price or wear the outfit several times before getting rid
quality? of it?

“I’m a bargain shopper so I typically look out for a “I hope to wear it multiple times. As mentioned,
good price. I enjoy shopping at places such as I like to shop for timeless pieces. I like to make
H&M or TJ MAXX. Nowadays it doesn’t take much good use of what I already have and buy other
money in order to look good.” items that will go well with them.”

4. Are you aware that slave labor and price of 7. When cleaning out your closet, where do you
materials to sow-up your clothing has a great im dispose of those garments?
pact on pricing of your outfit?
“I have a big family so I usually give them away
“I’m aware that is a really sad reality for many to my younger siblings or cousins. Usually, when
workers within the industry. A big-name brand cleaning out my closet I want to get rid of it im
that comes up will have to be Nike. They pay mediately so I don’t bother going to goodwill, I
their workers a dollar or less yet it doesn’t really simply drop it off at my parents.”
reflect on their pricing. Perhaps, they are using
good quality material but it’s evident that they 8. In what condition do you typically donate or
aren’t paying the workers fairly.” throw away unwanted clothing?

5. Do you feel as your income affect’s what kind “Relatively well condition. Usually, brand new.”
of clothing you purchase?
9. Do you feel as when you donate those item’s
“Yes, as mentioned I’m a big bargain shopper. will end-up in the hand of someone within the
I’m not in a position to always buy good quality community?
things due to the fact that I can’t afford them. I
usually buy good quality five times a year.” “Yes, I see my sisters or cousins wear them.”
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3. When buying a new garment, what are you


Interviews: primarily looking for at an affordable price or
quality?

Paula “Depends on the piece of clothing. I’m more


Bio: Female 21 yrs likely to wear comfy clothing several times
compared to a dress I bought for a certain
event.”
1. What motivates you to want to purchase a new
outfit? How often.?
4. Are you aware that slave labor and price of
“When I have an upcoming event. Usually I don’t materials to sow-up your clothing has a great im
really care for appearance. If I’m not at work my pact on pricing of your outfit?
go to outfit is usually a hoodie and leggings. So,
typically I would say 5 times every other month.” “Absolutely, yet these items are still purchased
due to price. It’s sold to many people here in the
2. Do you feel as if you are more likely to follow states including me because we tend to pur
trends which also affect how often you pur chase things that are convenient to us. We un
chase new clothing? consciously ignore the big picture of why some
thing is priced so low.”
“I lean toward price. Like I said, my main intention
when buying new clothing revolves around an
event. Therefore, I’m not going to purchase a 5. Do you feel as your income affect’s what kind
super expensive item to only wear it 5 times a of clothing you purchase?
year or maybe even once.”
“Yes, I can’t afford much therefore I buy things
within my budget.”
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6. Do you feel as if you will be more likely to re- Abel


wear the outfit several times before getting rid
of it?
Bio: Male 21 yrs

“I will re-wear if it’s appropriate to the event that I 1. What motivates you to want to purchase a new
will be attending.” outfit? How often?

“Usually when I have to attend an event. I have a


7. When cleaning out your closet, where do you big family so I’ve been to several events this past
dispose of those garments? year. I probably purchased 6 brand new outfits in
the span of every other 3 months.”
“I usually take them to Plato’s closet or goodwill
if I’m in a hurry.”
2. Do you feel as if you are more likely to follow
trends which also affect how often you pur
8. In what condition do you typically donate or chase new clothing?
throw away unwanted clothing?
“I would say that I like to be presentable and
“Usually in great condition. As mentioned when some trends do have an influence on how I
buying new clothing I tend to purchase things dress. I usually get advice from my girlfriend, so
for a big event. Yet, I’m limited to how many that may have an impact on what I purchase.”
times I will re-wear those items so that is my mo
tive to donate my unwanted clothes.” 3. When buying a new garment, what are you
primarily looking for at an affordable price or
9. Do you feel as when you donate those item’s quality?
will end-up in the hand of someone within the “I look for quality. Usually the clothing that I pur
community? chase is to attend really big events so, I don’t
want a shirt to rip or have any other kind of
“Of course, the stuff I donate is always in wardrobe malfunction.
relatively good condition and dress-up cloth
ing is usually more expensive compared to other
kinds of clothing. So, I hope it ends up in the
hands of someone who is in need so they can
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4. Are you aware that slave labor and price of 7. When cleaning out your closet, where do you
materials to sow-up your clothing has a great im dispose of those garments?
pact on pricing of your outfit?
“I usually give them to my family members. If
“I have an idea of how the manufacturing they don’t want them then I usually sell them on
process is. It’s really sad to see that many en Facebook Marketplace.”
dure that kind of work life. But sadly, that’s
mainly the source of where many Americans ob 8. In what condition do you typically donate or
tain their clothing.” throw away unwanted clothing?

5. Do you feel as your income affect’s what kind “I would say that I give them away in pretty good
of clothing you purchase? condition. I would not give them to other family
members there in terrible conditions. Or if I’m
“Yes, many people can’t afford to buy quality going to sell them I want to make the most profit,
products due to price. Some people have to so they are in great conditions.”
conform to buying poorly made clothing. In the
long-run it does become expensive because 9. Do you feel as when you donate those item’s
you are purchasing clothes that won’t last you will end-up in the hand of someone within the
that long.” community?

6. Do you feel as if you will be more likely to re- “I hope so. I mean where else would they go.”
wear the outfit several times before getting rid
of it?

“My intention when purchasing is to re-wear. By
any means do I feel as if outfits should only be
worn once. Yet that intention varies due to the
fact that it all comes down to where I’m going or
what I’m attending.”
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3. When buying a new garment, what are you


Interviews: primarily looking for at an affordable price or
quality?

Andy “Out of the six times a year that I purchase cloth
Bio: Male 23 yrs ing I would say the focus is quality. Cheap things
in the long-run end up being expensive. Due to
the fact that it won’t last long. So I avoid going to
1. What motivates you to want to purchase a new the mall which I hate or save my money.”
outfit? How often.?

“The last time I recall buying a new outfit was
for a job interview. So, a motivation of mine 4. Are you aware that slave labor and price of
would be just buying professional attire that materials to sow-up your clothing has a great im
consists of 4 polos and six-dress pants. I would pact on pricing of your outfit?
say buy new clothing 6 times a year. I don’t really
care for my appearance unless I’m at work.” “I am that’s why I buy from transparent high-
quality clothing stores.”
2. Do you feel as if you are more likely to follow
trends which also affect how often you pur
chase new clothing? 5. Do you feel as your income affect’s what kind
of clothing you purchase?

“I don’t really care about making a statement “Luckily, I have the privilege to purchase good
with my outfit. Unless I’m at work or attending a quality clothing. I know that’s not the reality for
big event.” many. But I feel as if people can afford to pay for
good quality items if they save and live be
low their means. Make shopping and every other
6-months kind of hobby. Clothes’ is necessity but
too much of it becomes an issue.”
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6. Do you feel as if you will be more likely to re-


wear the outfit several times before getting rid
of it?

“Of course, I do. I do not have a diverse closet.
So, the chances of me re-wearing the same
outfit is common for me.”

7. When cleaning out your closet, where do you


dispose of those garments?

“My closet isn’t overflowing with clothes. I have


enough closet space but when I do want to get
rid of some items I tend to donate them at a
local Goodwill or Salvation Army.”

8. In what condition do you typically donate or


throw away unwanted clothing?

“Typically, a little worn. That’s why I tend not to
sell them or give them away to family members.
If they are in terrible conditions, I typically cut
them up and use them as cleaning rags.”

9. Do you feel as when you donate those item’s


will end-up in the hand of someone within the
community?

“Hopefully, someone can find a good use of


them.”

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