Makombo massacre

Introduction to Makombo massacre

The Makombo massacre took place from 14 to 17 December 2009 in the Haut-Uele District
of Democratic Republic of the Congo in the village and region of Makombo. Human Rights
Watch (HRW) believes the attacks, which killed 321 people, were perpetrated by the Lord's
Resistance Army (LRA), which denied responsibility.
The sixty-mile (95 km) round-trip series of attacks began on 13 December 2009, in
Mabanga Ya Talo, and continued until 18 December, traveling southeast down to the village
of Tapili and back northwest again to the point of origin near the LRA camps on the north
bank of the Uele River near Mavanzonguda.

== Details ==
The massacre is believed to have been perpetrated by LRA men in military uniforms, posing
as Congolese soldiers. The LRA demanded that local villagers bring food and other supplies
to them and turned to violence when they refused. The adults were made to act as porters,
with those unable to keep up with the pace, refusing to cooperate, or trying to escape being
killed.According to Human Rights Watch,

LRA forces attacked at least 10 villages, capturing, killing, and abducting hundreds of
civilians, including women and children. The vast majority of those killed were adult men,
whom LRA combatants first tied up and then hacked to death with machetes or crushed
their skulls with axes and heavy wooden sticks. The dead include at least 13 women and 23
children, the youngest a 3-year-old girl who was burned to death.
HRW first found out about the attacks in February 2010 after a mission visited the villages.
News reports stated that the villagers who were spared were sent away with their lips and
ears cut off as a warning to what would happen to other people if they talked.

Ardenvoir, Washington

Quiz 1 Ardenvoir, Washington

Ardenvoir () is an unincorporated community in Chelan County, Washington, United States.

Ardenvoir is 9 miles (14 km) west-northwest of Entiat. Ardenvoir has a post office with ZIP
code 98811.

== Climate ==
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot
(and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the
Kö ppen Climate Classification system, Ardenvoir has a humid continental climate,
abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

== History ==
Ardenvoir began as a logging/mining camp and was built up during the Civilian
Conservation Corps era. Not many people live in the area now and mostly rural homes can
be found. Coopers General Store is the only storefront in the area.

Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009

NoteFraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009

The Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, or FERA, Pub.L. 111–21 (text) (PDF), S.
386, 123 Stat. 1617, enacted May 20, 2009, is a public law in the United States enacted in
2009. The law enhanced criminal enforcement of federal fraud laws, especially regarding
financial institutions, mortgage fraud, and securities fraud or commodities fraud.

== Legislative history ==
U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont, a Democrat and the chairman of the Senate Judiciary
Committee, sponsored the bill.
On April 27, 2009, the Senate invoked cloture on the bill as amended (S. 386) on an 84–4
vote, with eleven not voting. Only four Senators voted no, all Republicans (Tom Coburn, Jim
DeMint, James Inhofe, and Jon Kyl). On April 28, the Senate passed the bill on a 92–4 vote,
with three not voting; the same Senators who voted against cloture voted against the bill.On
May 6, the United States House of Representatives passed the bill with its own amendment
on a 367–59 vote, with six Representatives not voting and one Representative, Democrat
Alan Grayson of Florida, voting present. All 250 Democrats casting votes, as well as 117
Republicans, voted yes; all of the 59 no votes were cast by Republicans.The Senate then
added an amendment to the House's amendment. The House accepted the final version of
the bill on a 338–52 vote on May 18, with 43 Representatives not voting. All 224 Democrats
casting votes, as well as 114 Republicans, voted yes.

Ryōkan

NoteRyō kan

Ryō kan Taigu (良寛大愚) (1758–1831) was a quiet and unconventional Sō tō Zen Buddhist
monk who lived much of his life as a hermit. Ryō kan is remembered for his poetry and
calligraphy, which present the essence of Zen life. He is also known by the name Ryokwan in
English.
== Early life ==
Ryō kan was born Eizō Yamamoto (山本栄蔵, Yamamoto Eizō ) in the village of Izumozaki in
Echigo Province (now Niigata Prefecture) in Japan to the village headman. He renounced the
world at an early age to train at nearby Sō tō Zen temple Kō shō -ji, refusing to meet with or
accept charity from his family. Once the Zen master Kokusen visited the temple, and Ryō kan
was deeply impressed with his demeanor. He solicited permission to become Kokusen's
disciple. Kokusen accepted, and the two returned to Entsū -ji monastery in Tamashima (now
Okayama Prefecture).
It was at Entsū -ji that Ryō kan attained satori and was presented with an Inka by Kokusen.
Kokusen died the following year, and Ryō kan left Entsū -ji to embark on a long pilgrimage.

Ryōkan

NoteRyō kan

Ryō kan Taigu (良寛大愚) (1758–1831) was a quiet and unconventional Sō tō Zen Buddhist
monk who lived much of his life as a hermit. Ryō kan is remembered for his poetry and
calligraphy, which present the essence of Zen life. He is also known by the name Ryokwan in
English.

== Early life ==
Ryō kan was born Eizō Yamamoto (山本栄蔵, Yamamoto Eizō ) in the village of Izumozaki in
Echigo Province (now Niigata Prefecture) in Japan to the village headman. He renounced the
world at an early age to train at nearby Sō tō Zen temple Kō shō -ji, refusing to meet with or
accept charity from his family. Once the Zen master Kokusen visited the temple, and Ryō kan
was deeply impressed with his demeanor. He solicited permission to become Kokusen's
disciple. Kokusen accepted, and the two returned to Entsū -ji monastery in Tamashima (now
Okayama Prefecture).
It was at Entsū -ji that Ryō kan attained satori and was presented with an Inka by Kokusen.
Kokusen died the following year, and Ryō kan left Entsū -ji to embark on a long pilgrimage.