Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Solid Mechanics 2 Marks Questions With A
Solid Mechanics 2 Marks Questions With A
1. Define stress.
When an external force acts on a body, it undergoes deformation. At the same time the
body resists deformation. The magnitude of the resisting force is numerically equal to
the applied force. This internal resisting force per unit area is called stress.
Stress = Force/Area
2. Define strain
When a body is subjected to an external force, there is some change of dimension in the
body. Numerically the strain is equal to the ratio of change in length to the original length
of the body.= P/A unit is N/mm^2
K - Bulk Modulus
1/m - Poisson’s ratio
7. Define strain energy
Whenever a body is strained, some amount of energy is absorbed in the body. The
energy which is absorbed in the body due to straining effect is known as strain energy.
8. What is resilience?
The total strain energy stored in the body is generally known as resilience.
11. Give the relationship between Bulk Modulus and Young’s Modulus.
E = 3K (1-2/m)
Where,
E - Young’s Modulus
K - Bulk Modulus
1/m - Poisson’s ratio
K = Direct stress
Volumetric strain
17. Define- lateral strain
When a body is subjected to axial load P. The length of the body is increased. The axial
deformation of the length of the body is called lateral strain.
N = Shear stress
Shear strain
UNIT –II
25. Derive an expression for the longitudinal stress in a thin cylinder subjected to a
uniform internal fluid pressure.
2
Force due to fluid pressure = p x /4 xd
Force due to longitudinal stress = f2 x d x t
2
p x /4 xd = f2 x d x t f2 = pd/4t
26. What is meant by transverse loading of beam?
If load is acting on the beam which is perpendicular to center line of it is called
transverse loading of beam.
35. In case of equal like principle stresses, what is the diameter of the Mohr’s
circle?
Answer: Zero
38. What types of stresses are caused in a beam subjected to a constant shear force ?
Vertical and horizontal shear stress
39. State the main assumptions while deriving the general formula for shear stresses
The material is homogeneous, isotropic and elastic
The modulus of elasticity in tension and compression are same. The shear stress is
constant along the beam width
The presence of shear stress does not affect the distribution of bending stress.
41. What is the ratio of maximum shear stress to the average shear stress for the
rectangular section?
Qmax is 1.5 times the Qave.
42. What is the ratio of maximum shear stress to the average shear stress in the case
of solid circular section?
Qmax is 4/3 times the Qave.
43. What is the maximum value of shear stress for triangular section?
Qmax=Fh2/12I
h- Height F-load
44. What is the shear stress distribution value of Flange portion of the I-section?
q= f/2I * (D2/4 - y)
D-depth
Torque is equal to the product of the force applied and the distance between the point of
application of the force and the axis of the shaft.
52. Write the polar modulus for solid shaft and circular shaft.
£ = polar moment of inertia = J
Radius R
4
J=πD
32
53. Why hollow circular shafts are preferred when compared to solid circular
shafts?
The torque transmitted by the hollow shaft is greater than the solid shaft.
For same material, length and given torque, the weight of the hollow shaft will be
less compared to solid shaft.
54. Write torsional equation
T/J=Cθ/L=q/R T-
Torque
J- Polar moment of inertia
C-Modulus of rigidity
L- Length
q- Shear stress R- Radius
56. Write down the expression for torque transmitted by hollow shaft
T= (π/16)*Fs*((D4-d4)/d4 T-
torque
q- Shear stress
D-outer diameter
D-inner diameter
57. Write the polar modulus for solid shaft and circular shaft
It is ratio between polar moment of inertia and radius of shaft
58. Write down the equation for maximum shear stress of a solid circular section in
diameter ‘D’ when subjected to torque ‘T’ in a solid shaft shaft.
T=π/16 * Fs*D3 T-
torque
q Shear stress
D diameter
71. What are the differences between closed coil & open coil helical springs?
The spring wires are coiled very The wires are coiled such that there
closely, each turn is nearly at right is a gap between the two consecutive
angles to the axis of helix turns.
o o
Helix angle is less than 10 Helix angle is large (>10 )
72. What are the stresses induced in the helical compression spring due to axial
load?
1. Direct shear stress
2. Torsional shear stress
3. Effect of curvature
73. What is whal’s stress factor?
C = 4C-1 + 0.615
4C-4 C
74. What is buckling of springs?
The helical compression spring behaves like a column and buckles at a comparative
small load when the length of the spring is more than 4 times the mean coil diameter.
78. What are the different kinds of end connections for compression helical springs?
The different kinds of end connection for compression helical springs are
a. Plain ends
b. Ground ends
c. Squared ends
d. Ground & square ends
UNIT IV
UNIT-V
87. When will you call a cylinder as thin cylinder?
A cylinder is called as a thin cylinder when the ratio of wall thickness to the
diameter of cylinder is less 1/20.
88. In a thin cylinder will the radial stress vary over the thickness of wall?
No, in thin cylinders radial stress developed in its wall is assumed to be constant
since the wall thickness is very small as compared to the diameter of cylinder.
89. Distinguish between cylindrical shell and spherical shell.
Cylindrical shell Spherical shell
1. Circumferential stress is twice the longitudinal stress.
2. It withstands low pressure than spherical shell for the same diameter. 1. Only hoop
stress presents.
2. It withstands more pressure than cylindrical shell for the same diameter.
91. What do you understand by the term wire winding of thin cylinder?
In order to increase the tensile strength of a thin cylinder to withstand
high internal pressure without excessive increase in wall thickness, they are
sometimes pre stressed by winding with a steel wire under tension.
92. What are the types of stresses setup in the thin cylinders?
1. Circumferential stresses (or) hoop stresses
2. Longitudinal stresses
95. A thin cylinder of diameter d is subjected to internal pressure p . Write down the
expression for hoop stress and longitudinal stress.
Hoop stress σh=pd/2t
Longitudinal stress
σl=pd/4t
p- Pressure (gauge)
d- Diameter
t- Thickness
102. A bar of cross sectional area 600 mm^2 is subjected to a tensile load of 50
KN applied at each end. Determine the normal stress on a plane inclined at 30°
to the direction of loading.
A = 600 mm2
Load, P = 50KN
θ = 30°
Stress, σ = Load/Area
= 50*102/600
= 83.33 N/mm2
Normal stress, σn = σ cos2θ
83.33*cos230°
62.5 N/mm2
PART B – 16 MARKS QUESTIONS
UNIT - I
1. i) Derive a relation for strain energy due to shear force.
L/2
A
B C
3. Find the deflection at one third point from left end of the simply
supported beam of span 6 m subjected to uniformly distributed load of
20 kN/m by strain energy principle.
3m
D
(A)
(A) E (A)
A 3m 3m
20 KN
5. i) Derive a relation for strain energy due to torsion.
ii) A hollow shaft having the external diameter, twice the internal diameter,
subjected to a pure torque, attains a maximum shear stress τ
. Show that The strain energy stored per unit volume of the shaft is
2
5τ / 16G. Such a shaft Is required to transmit 4500 kW at 110 r.p.m.
with uniform torque, the maximum stress not exceeding 70
2
MN/m . Calculate the shaft diameter and the energy stored per m
3 2
when transmitting this power G =83 GN/ m .
11. State and explain the Engesser’s theorem and Castigliano’s theorem.
UNIT - II
5. Draw shear force and bending moment diagram for a simply supported
beam with a uniformly distributed load over entire span and propped at
the centre. Also derive relations for slope at the ends and maximum
and support reactions.
60 kN
10 kN/m
A C
B
3m 6m
10. Analyze beam shown in Fig. EI = constant. Draw the bending moment
diagram.
300 kN 300 kN
A B
2m 2m 2m
13. Using the theorem of three moments draw the shear force and bending
moment diagrams for the following continuous beam.
4 kN/m 6 kN 8 kN
A B C D
4m 2m 1m 1m 3m
14. Using unit load method, find the vertical deflection of joint F and
horizontal deflection of joint D of the following truss. Axial rigidity
AE is constant for all members.
10 kN D E 20 kN F
4m
A B C
UNIT – III
2. Calculated the Euler’s critical load for a strut of T-section. the flange
width being 10 cm, overall depth 8 cm and both flange and stem 1 cm
thick. the strut is 3 m long and is built in at both ends. Take E = 2 x
3
10 N/mm .
3. Find the Euler’s critical load for a cast iron hollow column of external
diameter 200 mm diameter, 25 mm thick and of length 6 m hinged at
4 2
both ends. E = 0.8 x 10 N/mm . Compare Euler’s load with
2
Rankine’s critical load. Assume fc =550 N/mm and α =1/1600. Find
the length of column at which both critical loads are equal.
4. Derive the Euler’s buckling load for a column with both ends hinged.
10. Derive the expression for buckling load of a long column fixed at
once end and Hinged at the other end.
13. Derive the expression for buckling load of a column fixed at one end
and free at the other end.
14. A hollow cylinder cast iron column is 4 m long and fixed at the ends.
Design the column to carry an axial load of 250 KN. Use Rankineg’s
formula and adopt a factor of safety of 5. The internal diameter may
2
be taken as 0.8 times the external diameter. Taken Fc = 550 N/mm
and Rankine’s constant 1__
1600
16. Using Euler’s theory, find the buckling load for the column with
following Boundary conditions: i) Fixed-free ii) Fixed-hinged
17. A column with one end hinged and the other end fixed has a length of
5 m and a hollow cylinder cross section of outer diameter 100 mm
5 2
and wall thickness 10 mm. If E = 1.60 x 10 N/mm and crushing
strength σc = 350 N/mm , find the load that the column may carry
2
with a factor of Safety of 2.5 according to Euler theory and Rankine-
Gordon theory. If the Column is hinged on both ends, find the safe
load according to the two Theories.
UNIT – IV
UNIT - V
10 mm Y
A
X G X
80 mm
10 mm
B C
K = 80 mm
150 mm
10 mm
B C
150 mm
O
X
R
11. Determine the principal stresses and principal directions for the
following 3D-stress field.
( 30 15 20 )
[σ] = ( 15 20 25 ) Mpa.
( 20 25 40 )
14. RSJ 400 x 200 mm is used as a strut with fixed ends for a length of 6
m. Find the crippling load using Euler’s approach. Assume the
thickness of the web and flanges to be 20 mm and E = 210 GPa.
15. A built column made up of two channels ISJC 200 x 75 mm Back to
Back at 100 m was two plates 250 x 10 mm attached on either side.
6 4 6 4
For the channel section Ixx =11.6 x 10 mm ; Iyy = 0.84 x 10 mm ;
2
A = 1777 mm , Cxx= 19.7 mm and the crushing stress is 300 MPa. If
the f the column is 6 m and the ends fixed, find the safe load.
Rankines constant is 1/7500.
18. Locate the shear centre for a channel section used with its web
vertical. The size of the channel is 200 x 100 mm with 10 mm
uniform thickness. Also draw the shear flow diagram.