210A SURFACE STRUCTURES:SLOPES
dies on the German North and Baltic Sea coasts including
Mecklenburg-Vorpommem. -from English summary
Slopes
944313 Rational polynomial technique in slope-relia-
bility analysis
R . N . Chowdhury & D. W. Xu, Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering - ASCE, 119(12), 1993, pp 1910-1928.
This paper is concerned with the application of a numerical
technique, known as the rational polynomial approxima-
tion, to the first-order second-moment method for calculat-
ing statistical moments of a performance function in relia-
bility analysis. The approach is used for slope reliability
analysis within the framework of limit equilibrium consid-
ering two recognized methods of analysis (i.e. the 1965
generalizedproc~ure of slices of Morgenstem and Price
and the 1979 Sarma method). Two illustrative examples
are presented in this paper: one for a homogeneous slope
and the other for a slope in layered soil. The results for the
reliability index are compared with two other methods, the
point-estimate method and Monte-Carlo simulation
method. -from Authors
944314 Slope failure analysis using local minimum
factor-of-safety approach
S . L . Huang & K. Yamasaki, Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering- ASCE, 119(12), 1993, pp 1974-1987.
An approach using the minimum factors of safety against
local failures is presented. The factor of safety obtained by
the proposed method is in good agreement with that deter-
mined by Bishop's and Sarma's metods. The locations of
the critical slip surfaces, however, deviate slightly from
Bishop s method due possibly to the assumptions made in
the formulation of each method. -from Authors
944315 Convergent flow of subsurface water con-
cerned with slope failure (in Japanese)
S. Shindo, Quaternary Research (Tokyo), 32(5), 1993, pp
315-322.
Discusses the mechanism of subsurface convergent flow
on a slope from the standpoint of hydrogeomorphology
and disaster science. Field experiments suggest that pores
become enlarged by direct mechanical erosion and
discharge of soluble ]~roducts to form macro pores or soil
pipes. The idea of slope fatigue phenomenon' is also
introduced based on the above-mentloned facts. This pro-
cess is important because it enables us to estimate slope
instability. -from English summary
944316 Evaluation of the effect of initial information
about soilproperties on the reliability of calculating the
stability of slopes and structures
V. I. Rechitskii, Hydrotechnical Construction, 27(3),
1993, pp 164-171; translated from: Gidrotekhnicheskoe
StroiteTstvo, 3, 1993, pp 35-40.
Factors affecting the reliability of predictions concerning
the stability of slopes and structures are considered, with
pamcular attention to the initial data available and the cal-
culation method selected. Factors limiting the use of pro-
bability methods included the need for certain statistical
information on the main initial parameters, regarded as
random variables, and the diflicu]ty of establishing stan-
dard levels of reliability where lives might be threatened
by the collapse of structures. -D.W.Taylor
944317 Shear strength characteristics of discontinui.
ties in weak, stratified, clay-bearing coal measures
encountered in Turkish surface coal mining
R. Ulusay & M. F. Yoleri, Bulletin - International
Association of Engineering Geology, 48, 1993, pp
109-117.
Mechanical properties of Neogene sedimentary soft rocks
and their discontinuities are deteriorated by environmental
ch.anges, sucn as wetting and stress release. In addition, the
~hable estim.ation of shear strength of weakness planes in
m.ese rocks is a common problem. This paper aims to
cnara.ctenze me engineering properties of weak, stratified,
cl.ay.-be.aring coal measures encountered in surface coal
mmmg m southwest Turkey with special reference to the
shear strength of their discontinuities and weak zones
which are of particular significance in determining slope
stability. -from Authors
944318 Calculation of rates of displacement of viscous
soil masses on a sloped surface
S. R. Meschyan, Soil Mechanics & Foundation
Engineering, 30(5), 1994, pp 183-188; translated from:
Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, 30(5),
1993, pp 2-5.
This article discusses solution of the problem of determin-
ing the rates of displacement of viscous soils on a slope
surface, taking into account the nonlinear relationship
between deformation rates and tangential stresses, and its
variability throu~.h the depth of the soil mass under the
action of the soil's own we.~. t. An example is given of
determining these rates at different depths of a slipping
layer, as well as at different moments in time (up to 1000
days). -Journal summary
944319 Analysis of the stability of embankment slopes
by the method of limiting equilibrium
M . N . Pink, Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering,
30(5), 1994, pp 193-196; translated from: Osnovaniya,
Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, 30(5), 1993, pp 8-10.
A method is suggested for calculating the slope stability of
a soil mass, which differs from known methods basedon
equations for the equilibrium of individual elements of the
mass in its assumptions about the height of application of
interelement forces to derive a solution. There is a program
for automated calculation. -Journal summary
944320 Maximum likelihood estimation of slope sta-
bility
N. K. Sah, P. R. Sheorey & L. N. Upadhyaya,
International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining
Sciences, 31(1), 1994, pp 47-53.
Simple new empirical equations have been proposed for
direct estimation of the safety factor for circular (for dry
and wet slopes) and wedge (for dry slope) failure of slopes.
These new equations for estimation of slope safety factor
are obtained using the maximum likelihood estimation
method of statistics. Twenty three dry and 23 wet case stu-
dies of circular failure and 14 dry cases of wedge failure
data were collected. Good agreement is seen to exist
between the safety factors predicted by the new equations
and those obtained using the limit equilibrium method.
-from Authors
944321 A general limit equilibrium model for three-
dimensional slope stability analysis
L. Lain & D. G. Fredlund, Canadian Geotechnical
Journal, 30(6), 1993, pp 905-919.
A generalized model for three-dimensional analysis, using
the method of columns, is presented. The model is an
extension of the two-dimensional general limit equilibrium
formulation. Intercolumn force functions of arbitrary shape
can be specified to simulate various directions for the inter-
column resultant forces. A unique feature of the model
involves the use of a geostatistical procedure (i.e., the
thIer~ige"
sing technique) in modelling the geometry of the slope,
tratigraphy, the ]potential slip surface, and the pore-
water pressure conditions. The model was utilized to study
a case history involving an open-pit mining failure. The
results indicate that the model is able to provide a more
re.alistic simulation of the case history than was possible
using a conventional two-dimensional model.
-from Authors
944322 Probabilistic evaluation on progressive failure
in cut slopes
H. Hayashi & W. H. Tang, Structural Safety, 14(1-2),
1994, pp 31-46.
A method is developed for evaluating the static stability of
a cut .slope formed by str..ain-sof~,ning soil Considering/~ro-
gresswe zanure as me critical failure mode: The stress con-
dition along a potential failure surface both prior to and
after an excavation is d e t e ~ e d by fihite-element
analysis, where the potential slip surface is modeled as
joint elements. An e|asto-plastic model of shear strength
versus strain is also assumed to study the redistribution of