Orientation

It all started from the bombing in Hiroshima on the 6th of August 1945, which razed and burnt
around 70% of all buildings and caused an estimated 140,000 deaths by the end of 1945, along
with increased rates of cancer and chronic disease among the survivors.
Events
The next day, on the 7th of August 1945, BPUPKI (Investigating Committee for Preparatory
Work for Independence) changed its name to PPKI (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian
Independence) which emphasized the desire of Indonesia to achieve its independence.
On the 9th of August 1945, three days after the bombing in Hiroshima, another bombing took
place also in Japan–specifacally in Nagasaki. Like Hiroshima, the effect in Nagasaki was a
nightmare. More than 40% of the city was destroyed, major hospitals had been utterly flattened
and care for the injured was impossible, even schools, churches, and homes had simply
disappeared. For Japan, the situation also got worse when the Soviet Union invaded Manchuria
and declared war on Japan.
On the same day as the events that happened in the last paragraph, Soekarno with Moh. Hatta
and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat were summoned by General Terauchi to head off to Dalat, Saigon
(Vietnam). And on the 12th of August 1945, Soekarno with Moh. Hatta and Radjiman
Wedyodiningrat met Marshal Terauchi. In essence, they discussed the issue of Indonesia's
independence in which Marshal Terauchi emphasized that Japan would hand over independence
to the Indonesian people. Unbeknownst to them, Sutan Syahrir heard what was discussed and it
became news that spread among the youth, especially the supporters of Syahrir.
After that, Soekarno with Moh. Hatta and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat returned to Indonesia and
arrived on the 14th of August 1945, to where they were urged to proclaim Indonesian
independence by Sutan Syahrir. The next day, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies
and there was a vacuum of power in Indonesia.
With this, the young group (golongan muda) urged Soekarno to immediately proclaimed
Indonesia's independence, to which they gave a deadline no later than the 16th of August 1945.
But Soekarno refused because he wanted to ask the opinion of the PPKI members.
Then, on the 16th of August 1945, there was mounting pressure about Indonesia's takeover of
power (initiated by Sjahrir's followers). Soekarno rejected the insistence on proclaiming
Indonesia's independence for the same reason before, then Soekarno and Moh. Hatta was
kidnapped by young people to Rengasdengklok Karawang to proclaim Indonesia's independence
through the radio.
On the night of the same day, Soekarno and Moh Hatta returned to Jakarta. At Admiral Maeda
Tadashi's house, national figures gathered to discuss the preparations for the proclamation of
Indonesian independence. Until the morning of the 17th of August 1945, Soekarno and Moh
Hatta together with the young and old groups discussed the formulation of the text of the
proclamation of Indonesian independence.
And finally, at 10 a.m Soekarno and Moh Hatta read the text of the proclamation of the
independence of the Republic of Indonesia on the road of Pegangsaan Timur 56.
Reorientation
And so, on the 17th of August 1945, Ir. Soekarno became the first President with Moh. Hatta as
the first Vice President of Indonesia. The next day, PPKI ratified the 1945 Constitution as the
basis of the Indonesian state.

Specific participations: Done?

The use of tenses:
- Simple Past: was destroyed, were summoned, was discussed, was kidnapped, etc.
- Past Continuous: was mounting
- Present Perfect Tense: -
- Etc.
The use of time:
- Time Connector: After that, then, when, finally, etc.
- Time Connective: on the 6th of August 1945, on the 7th of August 1945, On the 9th of
August 1945, On the same day, On the night of the same day, etc.
- Time Conjunctions: at 10 a.m
The use of adjectives: impossible, worse, unbeknownst, national, etc.