De La Salle University – Dasmariñas

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMPUTER STUDIES

MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS DEPARTMENT
City of Dasmariñas, Cavite

LABORATORY ACTIVITY #2 (Weeks 3 to 4)

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Score:
NAME: DATE:

COURSE/YEAR & SECTION: PROF.:

OBJECTIVES:

1. Correctly identify the probability distribution for each given problem.

2. Solve each problem using appropriate probability distribution function in Microsoft Excel.
3. Interpret the obtained result on each problem.

TASKS

Read and understand each item carefully. Identify the appropriate probability distribution and use Microsoft Excel as
a tool to solve each problem.

1. A trading company uses six computers to trade on the Orlando Stock Exchange. The probability of a computer
failing in a day is 0.321, and the computers fail independently. Computers are repaired in the evening, and each day is
an independent trial. What is the probability that all six computers fail in a day?

Number of trials (n) 6

Number of observed success (x) 6
Probability of success on each trail (p) 0.321
Probability of a failure, 1-p (q) 0.679
P(X=6) 0.0011
Percent (%) 0.11

Interpretation: Using the binomial probability distribution, the result shows that the likelihood of all six computers
failing in a day is 0.11 percent.

2. Military radar and missile detection systems are designed to warn a country of enemy attacks. A reliability
question deals with the ability of the detection system to identify an attack and issue the warning. Assume that a
particular detection system has a 0.90 probability of detecting a missile attack.

a. If two detection systems are installed in the same area and operate independently, what is the probability
that at least one of the systems will detect the attack?
 Number of trials (n) 2
Number of observed success (x) 1
Probability of success on each trail (p) 0.90
Probability of a failure, 1-p (q) 0.10
P(X≥1) 0.9900
Percent (%) 99

Interpretation: The results reveal that if two detection systems are put in the same region and operate
independently, there is a 99.00 percent chance that at least one of them will notice the attack.

b. If three systems are installed, what is the probability that at least one of the systems will detect the attack?

Number of trials (n) 3

Number of observed success (x) 1
Probability of success on each trail (p) 0.90
Probability of a failure, 1-p (q) 0.10
P(X≥1) 0.9990
Percent (%) 99.90

Interpretation: The result reveals that there is a 99.90 percent likelihood that at least one of the system will
detect the attack if there are three systems.

c. Would you recommend that multiple detection systems be operated? Explain

I would recommend it because believe that several detection systems should be used. Because This is due to the
fact that there are three detection systems in operation, the attack can be easily detected.

3. The number of telephone calls that arrive at a phone exchange is often modelled as a Poisson random variable.
Assume that on the average there are 7 calls per hour.

a. What is the probability that there are exactly 2 calls in one hour?

Mean number of occurrences (μ) 7

~2.71828 e
Number of occurrence (x) 2
P(X=2) 0.0223
Percent (%) 2.23

Interpretation: If there is an average 7 calls per hour, there is a 2.23 percent likelihood that there are exactly 2 calls in
one hour.
 b. What is the probability that there are four or fewer calls in one hour?

Mean number of occurrences (μ) 7

~2.71828 e
Number of occurrence (x) 4
P(X≤4) 0.1730
Percent (%) 17.30

Interpretation: The outcome indicates that there is a 17.30% chance of four or fewer calls in one hour.

c. What is the probability that there are exactly 26 calls in two hours?

Mean number of occurrences (μ) 14

~2.71828 e
Number of occurrence (x) 26
P(X=2) 0.0013
Percent (%) 0.13

Interpretation: The likelihood of exactly 26 calls in two hours is 0.13 percent.

4. Customers are known to arrive at La Buena Comida on a random basis with an average number of 24 customers
per hour. What is the probability that 3 or less customers will arrive for a particular 10-minute interval?

Mean number of occurrences (μ) 4

~2.71828 e
Number of occurrence (x) 3
P(X≤4) 0.4335
Percent (%) 43.35

Interpretation: The likelihood of 3 or fewer clients arriving for a specific 10-minute window is 43.35 percent.
5. Sick-leave time used by employees of a firm in one month approximates a normal distribution with a mean of 179
hours and a variance of 225. Find the probability that the total sick leave for next month will be less than 202.85
hours.

Mean of the distribution (μ) 179

Variance (σ2) 225
Value of any particular observation (x) 202.85
Standard deviation of the distribution (σ) 15
P(Z≤202.85) 0.9441
Percent (%) 94.41

Interpretation: The likelihood that total sick leave for the following month will be fewer than 202.85 hours is 96.41
percent.

6. General Hospital’s patient account division has compiled data on the age of accounts receivable. The data
collected indicate that the age of the accounts follows a normal distribution with µ = 28 days and  = 8 days.

a. What portion of the accounts is between 20 and 40 days old?

Mean of the distribution (μ) 28

Value of any particular observation (x1) 20
Value of any particular observation (x2) 40
Standard deviation of the distribution (σ) 8
P(Z≤20) 0.1587
P(Z≤40) 0.9332
P(20≤Z≤40) 0.7745
Percent (%) 77.45

Interpretation: According to the calculated probability using the available factors, there is a 77.45 percent chance
that the portion of between 20 and 40 days old.

b. The hospital administrator is interested in sending reminder letters to the oldest 15% of accounts. How many
days old should an account be before a reminder letter is sent?

Mean of the distribution (μ) 28

Standard deviation of the distribution (σ) 8
Probability right side (%) 0.15
Probability left side (%) 0.85
Random Variable (X) 36.29

Interpretation: The data indicates that an account should be 36.29 days old before a reminder mail is sent.
 c. The hospital administrator wants to give a discount to those accounts that pay their balance by the twenty-first
day. What percentage of the accounts will receive the discount?

Mean of the distribution (μ) 28

Standard deviation of the distribution (σ) 8
Value of any particular observation (x) 21
(P≤21) 0.1908
Percent (%) 19.08

Interpretation: The percentage of the accounts that will receive the discount by the twenty-first day is 19.08
percent.

7. Sparagowski & Associates conducted a study of service times at the drive-up window of fast-food restaurants.
The average time between placing an order and receiving the order at McDonald’s restaurants was 2.78 minutes
(The Cincinnati Enquirer, July 9, 2000). Waiting times, such as these, frequently follow an exponential distribution.

a. What is the probability that a customer’s service time is less than 2 minutes?

Mean of service rate (μ) 2.78

~2.71828 e
Lamda (λ) 0.3597
Variable (x) 2
P(T≤2) 0.5130
Percent (%) 51.30

Interpretation: The outcome indicates that there is a 51.30 percent chance that the customer's service time is less
than 2 minutes.

b. What is the probability that a customer’s service time is more than 5 minutes?

Mean of service rate (μ) 2.78

~2.71828 e
Lamda (λ) 0.3597
Variable (x) 5
P(T≥5) 0.1655
Percent (%) 16.55

Interpretation: The calculated probability of a customer's service time being greater than 5 minutes is 16.55 percent.

8. To boost holiday sales, a jewelry store in Bismarck, North Dakota, is advertising the following promotion: “If more
than seven inches of cumulative snow fall on December 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28, you get your money back on all
purchase made on December 17.” To analyze this promotion, the store manager has collected data and determined
that snowfall over this 5-day period in December is normally distributed with an average of 6 inches and standard
deviation of 0.559 inches. What is the probability that the store will have to refund the money to its December 17
customers?

Mean of the distribution (μ) 6

Standard deviation of the distribution (σ) 0.559
Value of any particular observation (x) 7
P(Z≥5) 0.0368
Percent (%) 3.68

Interpretation: The likelihood of the store having to reimburse the money to its December 17 consumers is 3.68
percent.