Translation 2- 2021-2022 LTH-AGU

PRACTICE EXERCISE (4)

Translate into Vietnamese

Cultural Differences : Individualism and Collectivism

The many cultures of the world differ in a great variety of ways. One of the most
interesting ways in which cultures vary is in the extent to which they are "individualistic" or
collectivistic." An individualist society and a collectivist society are different in many ways.
In an individualistic culture, each person tends to think of himself or herself in terms of his
or her own characteristics and preferences-the things that make the person unique or different
from others. In a collectivistic culture, each person tends to think of himself or herself in terms of
his or her social relationships and roles-the things that make the person a part of a larger group,
such as an extended family or an ethnic group.
Another difference between individualist and collectivist cultures involves the tendency to
help others. In an individualist society, people feel some obligation to help persons who share
some group identity-such as their distant relatives, or persons from the same town-but this
obligation is not nearly as strong as in collectivist cultures. On the other hand, people in
collectivist cultures tend to feel very little inclination to help other people who do not belong to
their groups, whereas people in individualist cultures are more often willing to help others even if
they do not belong to the same group.
Another difference between individualist and collectivist cultures involves the relationship
between people and the groups to which they belong. In an individualist culture, people usually
join or leave groups when it is in their personal interest to do so. In a collectivist culture, people
usually stay with one group for a long time. For example, people in individualist societies are
more willing to quit their job, and take a new job at another company. People in collectivist
societies usually prefer to stay with one company throughout their career. Similarly, people in
individualist countries usually get married for reasons of personal choice, and are more likely to
get divorced. However, people in collectivist societies usually get married according to the
wishes of their relatives, and are less likely to get divorced.
Western countries, such as those of western Europe and North America, are usually
considered to be very individualist. However, not all individualist countries are similar in every
way. For example, the individualism of the United States is viewed as more "competitive" than
that of socialist countries, such as Sweden. In contrast to Western countries, the countries of most
parts of Asia and Africa are usually considered to be very collectivist. Collectivist countries also
Translation 2- 2021-2022 LTH-AGU
differ from each other in many ways. The idea of individualism versus collectivism is an
interesting way to understand some of the differences between cultures. By learning about ideas
like this, one can better appreciate the customs of other peoples.

Translate into Vietnamese

1. Thức ăn chiên rán không tốt / có lợi cho sức khỏe, nhưng rất ngon. Fried food is
appetizing but unhealthy.

2. Mary đươc mẹ tặng món quà rất đáng yêu. Mary’s mother gave her a lovely gift.

3. Tất cả trẻ em ở VN khi đủ 6 tuổi đêu phải đi học. In Vietnam, all children must go to
school at 6 year old.

4. Một năm học ở VN có hai học kỳ: HK1 và HK 2

5. Con người và hầu hết các động vật đều cần một nguồn cung cấp nước ổn định lâu dài để
sống.

6. Máy giặt này quá cũ không sử dụng được nữa rồi.

7. Anh ấy khuyên tôi bí mật rời khỏi đây.

8. Tôi có thói quen thức khuya.

9. Tâm thích nói chuyện với cô gái tóc dài và có giọng nói dễ thương.

10. Nhóm nhạc The Beatles với kiểu tóc đặc trưng và những câu nói chọc cười người khác đã
thu hút một lượng lớn fan hâm mộ là giới thanh thiếu niên.
______

11. Ngày nay, tiếng Anh đã trở thành một ngôn ngữ quốc tế trong thế giới việc làm. Nhiều
công ty khắp thế giới dùng kỳ thi TOEIC như là một tiêu chuẩn để đánh giá và để bạt nhân
viên của họ. Chính vì vậy, việc có được giấy chứng nhận là bạn đã đậu kỳ thi TOEIC có
uy tín sẽ mang lại cho bạn một thuận lợi đáng kể, không chỉ trong khi đi xin việc làm mà
còn giúp bạn thăng tiến trong sự nghiệp của mình.

_________________