Mhshtkoileble Mkokl
@hoilr Mhrjl ^hshrtl Akakm (@M^A)

Wltule ^heakakmle : OLE WL@

L@L
LQKBL

Oltl ^h`ljlrle : Mkokl

Mh`ls / Whohsthr :SKK/<

L`dmlsk wlmtu : 7 x < J^

^HQXEJXM XEQXM WKWRL

<) Ilgl keakmlt

keakmltdr
dr mhihrcls
mhihrclsk`le
k`le ih`ljlr
ih`ljlr ale
ale tujule
tujule phoih`ljl
phoih`ljlrle
rle yleb
yleb thrgletuo
thrgletuo
al`lo @M^A
9) Aheble ikoikeble
ikoikeble buru,
buru, aksmuskm
aksmuskmle
le olthrk
olthrk prlsylr
prlsylrlt
lt yleb thrgletuo
thrgletuo plal
plal
md`do olthrk Hsheskl`.
7) Whtklp
Whtklp skswl al`lo
al`lo mh`dopdm
mh`dopdm olskeb-ol
olskeb-olskeb
skeb ohebhmsp
ohebhmsp`drls
`drlskk (oheghroltk
(oheghroltk ale
oheaksmuskmle al`lo mh`dopdm) thetleb odah` yleb akihrkmle al`lo @M^A,
buru ihrtkealm shilblk flsk`ktltdr.
1) Ih
Ihra
rals
lslr
lrml
mle
e ph
phol
olcl
clol
ole
e thrc
thrcla
lalp
lp odah
odah`` al
ale
e ke
kefd
fdro
rols
lskk sh
shrt
rtll ph
pheb
ebl`
l`lo
lole
le
ckaup,
cka up, olml
olml jlwli`
jlwli`lc
lc phrtle
phrtleyll
ylle-ph
e-phrtl
rtleyl
eylle
le yleb
yleb akihrkm
akihrkmle
le al`lo
al`lo tdpkm
tdpkm
phrtleylle muegk.
muegk.
8) Wk
Wksw
swll yleb
yleb th`l
th`lc
c oheh
ohehou
oumlmle
e jlwl
jlwlil
ile
e alrk
alrk su
sult
ltu
u phrt
phrtle
leyl
ylle,
le, ih
ihrt
rtle
lebb
bbue
ueb
b
jlwli uetum ohejh`lsmle jlwlileeyl mhplal thole yleb ih`uo plclo al`lo
mh`dopdmeyl.

6) Wkswl
Wkswl yleb tka
tkalm
lm olopu ohejlwli
ohejlwli sultu
sultu phrtle
phrtleyll
ylle,
e, akclrusm
akclrusmle
le ohoiult
ohoiult
sltu ltlu `hikc phrtleylle aheble ml`kolt yleb ilkm (ml`kolt sheakrk, jh`ls ale
rkebmls) mhplal lebbdtl mh`dopdm yleb `lke.
2) Xetum
Xetum ohophrmu
ohophrmult lt kah-kah
kah-kah yleb th`lc
th`lc thrile
thrilebue
bue ale ihr`ltkc
ihr`ltkc ohehrlp
ohehrlpmle
mle kah-
kah plal sktulsk
sktulsk yleb ilru, olml mhrjlmle`lc
mhrjlmle`lc shjuo`lc `ltkcle
`ltkcle ale
 ale sdl` lp`kmlsk
yleb akihrkmle.
3) Whtkl
htklp
p mh
mh`d
`dop
opd
dm ak
akcl
clru
rusm
smle
le ohey
oheylolopl
plkm
kmle
le mh
mhsk
skop
opu`
u`lle cl
clsk
sk`` mk
mkeh
ehrrjl
mh`dopdmeyl ale mh`dopdm `lke akoketl uetum ohelebblpk, shalebmle buru
oh`lmumle phebultle shsulk aheble tujule phoih`ljlrle.

81;
 

L. Mdophthesk Ketk (MK)

MK-< : Ohebclyltk ale oheblol

oheblol`mle
`mle ljlrle lblol yleb akl
akleuteyl.
euteyl.
MK-9 : Ohe
Oheuejum
uejummle
mle p
phrk`l
hrk`lmu
mu jjujur,
ujur, akskp
akskp`ke,
`ke, ttlebbue
lebbuebjlwl
bjlwli,
i, ph
phau`k
au`k (bdtd
(bdtdeb
eb
rdydeb, mhrjl slol, td`hrle, alolk), sletue, rhspdeskvh ale prdlmtkf ale
oheuejummle skmlp shilblk ilbkle alrk sd`usk ltls ihrilblk
phrolsl`lcle al`lo ihrkethrlmsk shglrl hfhmtkf aheble `kebmueble
sdgkl` ale l`lo shrtl al`lo ohehopltmle akrk shilblk ghrokele ilebsl
al`lo phrblu`le auekl.
MK-7 : Oholclok, ohehrlpmle, ale oheblel`ksks phebhtlcule flmtul`,
mdeshptul`, prdshaurl` ihralslrmle rlsl kebke tlcueyl thetleb k`ou
phebhtlcule, thmed`dbk, shek, iualyl, ale cuolekdrl aehble wlwlsle

mholeuskle, mhilebslle, mhehblrlle, ale phrlalile thrmlkt pheyhili

fhedohel ale mhjlakle, shrtl ohehrlpmle phebhtlcule prdshaurl`
plal ikaleb mljkle yleb sphskm shsulk aheble ilmlt ale okelteyl
uetum ohohglcmle olsl`lc.
MK-1 : Ohebd`lc, ohel`lr, ale oheyljk al`lo rlelc mdemrkt ale rlelc listrlm
thrmlkt al`lo phebhoileble alrk yleb akph`ljlrkeyl ak shmd`lc shglrl
oleakrk, shrtl olopu ohebbuelmle ohtdah shsulk mlkalc mhk`oule.

I. Qujule ^hoih`ljlrle
Oh`l`ukk oda
Oh`l`u odah`h` pho
phoih`
ih`ljl
ljlrle
rle kemuk
kemukrk rk thrik
thrikoike
oikeb b  aheble ohebbl
ohebbl`k`k
kefdrolsk alrk ihrilblk suoihr ih`ljlr, pheyh`kakmle shahrclel ale ohebd`lc
kefdro
kefdrolsk
lsk,, akc
akclrl
lrlpml
pmlee sks
skswl
wl thr
thr`ki
`kilt
lt lmt
lmtkf
kf sh`
sh`lol
lol prd
prdshs
shs ih`
ih`ljl
ljlrr ohe
oheblj
bljlr 
lr 
ihr`lebsueb, ohok`kmk skmlp kebke tlcu, th`ktk al`lo
th`ktk al`lo oh`lmumle phebloltle ale
ihrtle
ihr tlebbu
bbueb eb jlwli al`lo oheyl oheyloplk
oplkmle
mle pheal
phealplt,
plt, ohejl
ohejlwli
wli phrtl
phrtleylle,
eylle,
ohoihr
oho ihrkk slr
slrle
le ale mrktk
mrktkm,
m, shr
shrtl
tl alp
alplt
lt ohejh`lsmle
ohejh`lsmle   rhlmsk mhshtkoileble ak
al`lo
al` lo cui
cuiueb
ueble
le let
letlrl
lrl phrhl
phrhlmsk
msk ale cls
clsk`k` rhl
rhlmsk
msk ale jub
jubll oheyljkmle
oheyljkmle   clsk`
phebd`lcle altl uetum ohehetumle ek`lk thtlple mhshtkoileble sultu rhlmsk. r hlmsk.
 

G. Mdoph
Mdophthesk
thesk Al
Alslr
slr ale KKeakml
eakmltdr
tdr

Mdophthesk Alslr Alrk MK 7 Mdophthesk Alslr Alrk MK 1

7.3 Ohejh
Ohejh`lsml
`lsmle
e rhl
rhlmsk
msk mhsht
mhshtkoile
koileble
ble 1.3 O
Oheylj
heyljkmle
kmle clsk` phebd
phebd`lcle
`lcle altl
ak al`lo cui
cuiueb
eblle letlrl phrhlmsk uetum ohehetumle ek`lk thtlple

ale clsk` rhlmsk mhshtkoileble sultu rhlmsk

Keakmltdr ^heglplkle Keakmltdr ^heglplkle

Mdophthesk (K^M) Mdophthesk (K^M) Mhthrlopk`le
^hebhtlcule
7.3.< Oheblel`ksks phebhrtkle 1.3.< Oheaksmuskmle ohebhelk ek`lk
mhshtkoileble akeloks al`lo thtlple mhshtkoileble
rhlmsk mkokl alrk altl oh`l`uk sultu rhlmsk mkokl
phrgdille 1.3.9 Ohoprhshetlskmle clsk`
7.3.9 Oheblel`ksks phebhrtkle aksmusk phshrtlakakm ohebhelk
thtlple mhshtkoileble olthrk Qhtlple
mdeshetrlsk Mhshtkoileble.
7.3.7 Ohoihalmle mhshtkoileble
cdodbhe aheble
mhshtkoileble chthrdbhe
7.3.1 Oheblel`ksks phebhrtkle
thtlple mhshtkoileble
thmlele plrskl` bls
7.3.
7.3.88 Oh
Oheh
ehetetum
umle
le ah
ahrl
rljl
jltt aks
aksds
dskl
klsk
sk
zlt al`lo mhlalle shtkoileb
sultu rhlmsk
7.3.6 Ohehetumle thtlple
mh
mhsh
shtk
tkoi
oile
lebl
ble
e Mg al rk   sultu
alrk
rhlmsk mhshtkoileble
7.3.2 Ohehetumle thtlple
mh
mhsh
shtk
tkoi
oile
lebl
ble
e Mp al alrk
rk   sultu
rhlmsk mhshtkoileble
7.3.3 Ohehetumle cuiueble Mg
aheble Mp alrk sultu rhlmsk
mhshtkoileble
 

A. Mdeshp-mdesh
Mdeshp-mdeshp
p Hsheskl`

Olthrk yleb lmle akph`ljlrk shsulk aheble DYKHEQLWK

Keakmltd
tdrr (Clsk` lel`ksks Wtlealr Ksk) (^hebhtlcule lwl` yleb
akphr`umle )
  
Flmtl   Yhlmsk mhshtkoileble aktlealk   aheble
plelc id`lm il`km ( )


Mdeshp  Mhshtkoileble akeloks lal`lc
mhshtkoileble   mkokl akolel `lju
phoihetumle prdaum slol aheble `lju
phoihetumle rhlmtle mhoil`k, yleb olel
rhlmsk thtlp ihrjl`le shglrl thrus-ohehrus
shglrl okmrdsmdpks.

 Yhlmsk krrhvhrskih` lal`lc rhlmsk mkokl

yleb
yleb ihr
ihr`le
`lebsu
bsueb
eb slt
sltu
u lrl
lrlc,
c, ako
akolel
lel cls
clsk`k`
rhlmsk

tkalm alplt ihrhlmsk mhoil`k ohejlak

phrhlmsk.

 Yhlmsk rhv
Yhlmsk rhvhrs
hrskih
kih`` lal`lc
lal`lc rhl
rhlmsk
msk mko
mkokl
kl
yleb
yleb ihihr`
r`le
lebs
bsue
uebb au
aull lr
lrlc
lc,, akol
akolel
el clsk
clsk``
rhlmsk

alplt ihrhlmsk mhoil`k ohejlak rhlmtle /

phrhlmsk.

 Mhshtk
Mhshtkoi
oile
lebl
ble
e cdod
cdodbh
bhe
e la
lal`
l`lc
lc
mhshtkoileble akolel rhlmtle olupue
prdaum ohok`kmk flsl zlt yleb slol.

 Mhshtk
Mhshtkoi
oile
lebl
ble
e chchth
thrd
rdbh
bhee lalal`
l`lc
lc
mhshtkoileble akolel thralplt `hikc alrk

sltu jheks flsl zlt ilkm rhlmtle olupue

prdaum.
 

 Qhtlple Mhshtkoileble lal`lc

phrileakeble letlrl clsk` ml`k mdeshetrlsk
 

zlt clsk` rhlmsk aheble clsk` ml`k mdeshetrlsk

zlt phrhlmsk plal mhlalle shtkoileb yleb
olskeb- olskeb akplebmltmle aheble
mdhskheeyl ale ohopueylk clrbl thrthetu

plal sucu thrthetu


^rkeskp Al`lo mhshtkoileble mkokl,
phrslolle mhshtkoileble
akthetumle d`hc zlt yleb
mdeshetrlskeyl ihruilc sh`lol rhlmsk
ihr`lebsueb

 ^hrslolle thtlple mhshtkoileble

uetum rhlmsk:

oL+eI ↑ pG+qA

 Mg   ]G _ p ]  A_
 ]G 

A_q
 L_o ] I_
] L_  I_e
Cuiueble Mp aheble Mg
∆e
Mp ? Mg (YQ)
 

Mhbkltle <

Keakmltdr:
7.3.< Oheblel`ksks phebhrtkle mhshtkoileble akeloks alrk altl
phrgdille

Kefdrolsk

Yhlmsk Krrhvhrskih` lal`lc rhlmsk yleb tkalm alplt il`km ltlu rhlmsk yleb
ihr`lebsueb shlrlc (Gdetdc: ^hoilmlrle mhrtls ale Ihsk ihrmlrlt)

Yhlmsk Yhvhrskih` lal`lc rhlmsk yleb alplt il`km ltlu rhlmsk yleb ihr`lebsueb aul
lrlc (Gdetdc: C9(b) + K9(b) CK(b) )

Yhlmsk
Yhlm sk al
alpl
pltt il
il`k`kmm (rh
(rhlm
lmsk
sk rh
rhvh
vhrsk
rskih
ih`)
`) yleb
yleb ih
ihr`
r`le
lebs
bsue
uebb al`l
al`lo
o skst
skstho
ho
th
thrt
rtut
utup
up lmle
lmle ih
ihrl rlmc
mckr
kr ah
aheb
eble
le sult
sultu
u mhla
mhlall
lle
e sh
shtk
tkoi
oile
leb.
b. Mh
Mhla
lall
lle
e
shtkoileb (mhshtkoileble) kek akshiut jubl mhshtkoileble akeloks .

Odah` <. Bloilrle od`hmu` thrjlakeyl rhlmsk mhshtkoileble bls

9ED9(b) E9D1(b)
⇀

Yhlmsk pl`keb ghplt @lju rhlmsk lrlc olju ^lal Mhlalle shoileb, rhlmsk olju ale rhlmsk
plal sllt lwl`, alm ou`lk `loilt mlrhel il`km ihr`lebsueb aheble `lju yleb slol.
lal rhlmsk il`km  juo`lc phrhlmsk
ihrmurleb. @lju rhlmsk @lju(Olju)  ? @lju(il`km)
il`km ou`lk ohekebmlt

Lwl` Yhlmsk Whoileb

Mhthrleble: E9D1 ED9

(Wuoihr: Gchosmhtgc)
 

^hrtleylle Muegk

<) Zlt lpl slj

sljll yleb thral
thralplt
plt ak lwl` rh
rhlmsk
lmsk44 Ilblkol
Ilblkolel
el aheble @l
@lju
ju
rhlmskeyl4 Jlwli:
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
9) Zlt lpl yleb ihrmurleb sh`lol rhl
rhlmsk4
msk4 Ilblkolel aheble `lju
rhlmskeyl4 Jlwli:
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
7) Zlt lpl yleb ihrtloilc sh`lol rhl
rhlmsk4
msk4 Ilblkolel aheble `lju
rhlmsk il`kmeyl4
Jlwli:
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
1) Zlt lpl yleb thralplt plal sllt mhshtko
mhshtkoileble
ileble thrglplk4 Ilblkolel
aheble `lju rhlmskeyl4
Jlwli:
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
8) ^lal mhlalle shtkoileb, lp
lplmlc
lmlc phrileakeb
phrileakeble
le mdeshetrlsk phrhlmsk
ale prdaum olskc ohebl`lok phruilcle4
Jlwli:
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
6) Ihralslrmle odah` <, lplmlc rhlmsk
rhlmsk thrshiut throlsum rhlmsk rhvhrski`h4
^lal Mhlalle shtkoileb lplmlc rhlmskeyl olskc thrus ihr`lebsueb4
Jlwli:
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
2) Yhlms
Yhlmskk alplt il
il`km
`km (rhl
(rhlmsk
msk rhvh
rhvhrskih
rskih`)
`) yleb ihr`
ihr`lebsu
lebsueb
eb al`lo sks
skstho
tho
thrtutup lmle ihrlmckr aheble sultu mhlalle shtkoileb. Mhlalle
shtkoileb kek akshiut aheble mhshtkoileble akeloks. Ihralslrmle odah`
< ale jlwlile phrtleylle <-6, skopu`mle`lc lpl yleb akolmsua aheble
mhshtkoileble akeloks!
Jlwli:
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
 

@ltkcle

<. Mlple
Mlplemlc
mlc su
sultu
ltu rh
rhlmsk
lmsk i
id`lm-
d`lm-il`k
il`kmm ohg
ohglplk
lplk mhla
mhlalle
lle sh
shtkoil
tkoileb
eb
(mhshtkoileble)4
Jlwli:

 Ik`l `lju rhlmsk plal mhaul lrlc slol ihslr, shckebbl juo`lc prdaum yleb
akclsk`mle al`lo rhlmsk olju tklp sltule wlmtu slol aheble juo`lc
prhlmsk yleb akclsk`mle al`lo rhlmsk il`kmeyl.
9. Jh`ls
Jh`lsmle,
mle, ohe
oheblpl
blpl mhs
mhshtko
htkoilebl
ileble e mkokl aks
akshiut
hiut mh
mhshtko
shtkoilebl
ileblee akeloks
akeloks44
Jlwli:
 Mlrhel plal sllt rhlmsk id`lm il`km, mhlalle mdeshetrlsk oheuejumle
tkalm ihruilc ltlu thtlp, shalebmle rhlmsk thrshiut olskc thrus
ohehrus thrjlak

Mhskopu`le
Mhshtkoileble akeloks lal`lc ?5 mhshtkoileble mkokl yleb ihrskflt rhvhrski`h
ltlu alplt akil`kmmle. Yhlmsk rhvhrski`h kek rhlmtleeyl alplt ohebclsk`mle
prdaum, eloue prdaumeyl alplt mhoil`k
 

Mhbkltle 9

7.3.9. Oheblel`ksks pheb

phebhrtkle
hrtkle thtlple mhshtkoileble
7.3.7. O
Oh
hoihalmle mhshtkoileble cdodbhe aheble
mhshtkoileble chthrdbhe

Kefdrolsk

Yhlmsk mkokl tkalm ihrchetk mhtkml oheglplk mhlalle shtkoileb, thtlpk ihr`lebsueb
aheble `lju rhlmsk yleb slol plal aul lrlc yleb ihr`lwlele. Yhlmsk-rhlmsk akilwlc kek
ohruplmle
ohrup lmle gdetdc
gdetdc mhshtkoilebl
mhshtkoileble e akeloks
akeloks aheble thtlple mhshtkoilebl
mhshtkoileblee mdeshetrls
mdeshetrlskk
(Mg) thrthetu.

Odah` 9.

l. 9WD9(b) + D9(b)  ⇀ 9WD7(b)

+ +
i. Lb (lq) + 9EC7(lq) ⇀ Lb(EC7)9 (lq)

g. IkG`7(lq) + C9D(`) ⇀ IkDG`(s)  + 9CG`(lq)

a. Ob(DC)9(s)  ⇀  ObD(s) + C9D(b)

^hrtleylle Muegk

<. Alrk o
odah`
dah` , olelmlc
olelmlc yleb
yleb ohruplm
ohruplmle
le rhlmtle
rhlmtle uetum olskeb olskeb rhlmsk4
rhlmsk4
Jlwli:
l. ………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………. …………….
i. ……………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………. ……………….
g. ………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………. …………….
a. ……………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………. ……………….
 

9. Alrk odah`,
odah`, olelmlc
olelmlc yleb yleb ohruplml
ohruplmle e prdaum
prdaum uetum uetum olskeb
olskeb olskeb
olskeb rhlmsk4
rhlmsk4
Jlwli:
l. …………………………………………………………………………………….
i. …………………………………………………………………………………….
g. …………………………………………………………………………………….
a. …………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Mg ohruplmle ek`lk alrk cumuo lmsk olssl. Oheurut phrslolle thtlple mhshtkoileble
phrslolle rhlmsk akltls, lpl yleb akolmsua aheble cumuo mhshtkoileble4 (Flsh yleb
akbuelmle lal`lc flsh lqulhds ale bls)
Jlwli:
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................
1. ^hrslo
^hrslolle lle rhlmsk
rhlmsk l ale i ohrupl ohruplmle mle mhshtko
mhshtkoileb ileble le cdodbh
cdodbhe. e. Lpl yleb yleb akolmsu
akolmsua a
aheble mhshtkoileble cdodbhe4 (phrcltkmle flsl rhlmtle ale prdaum al`lo olskeb-
olskeb phrslolle rhlmsk)
Jlwli:
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................
8. ^hrslo
^hrslolle lle rhlmsk
rhlmsk g ale a ohrupl ohruplmle mle mhshtko
mhshtkoileb ileble le chthrdbh
chthrdbhe. e. Lpl yleb yleb akolms
akolmsua ua
aheble mhshtkoileble chthrdbhe4 (phrcltkmle flsl rhlmtle ale prdaum al`lo olskeb-
olskeb phrslolle rhlmsk)
Jlwli:
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................

@ltkcle

Qhetumle ek`lk Mg alrk olskeb-olskeb rhlmsk ihrkmut ale bd`deble lplmlc phrslolle rhlmsk
thrshiut throlsum mhshtkoileble cdodbhe ltlu mhshtkoileble chthrdbhe.

<. E9(b) + 7C9(b) ↑ 9EC7 (b) (Mhshtkoileble cdodbhe)

9. 9C9W(b) + 7D9(b)↑ 9C9D(b) + 9WD9(b) (………………………………)

Jlwli: Mg ? ] C9D_9 / ]C9W_9 ]C9W_9 ]D9_7
.................................
.................................................
..................................
....................................
...................................
...................................
..................................
....................
....
................................................................................................................................

7. 1EC7(b)+7D9(b)↑9E9(b)+6C9D(b) (………………………………)
M g ? ]E9_9 ]C9D
]C9D_6
_6 / ]EC7_1 ]D9_7
 

1. GD(b)+9C9(b)↑GC7DC(b)(………………………………)
Jlwli:
............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

8. G(s) + GD9(b) ↑ 9GD(b) (………………………………)

Jlwli:
............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................

Mhskopu`le

<. Qhtl
Qhtlpl
plee mhsh
mhsho
oilileb
eble
le
Ek`lk alrk clsk` isbk rhlmskeyl ]lal mhshoileble mkokl, sultu mhlalle yleb
akahml d`hc skstho mkokl akeloks sth`lc wlmtu yleb gumup th`lc ihr`l`u
akolel mdopdskskeyl tam ohok`kmk mhghearueble thrumur trcap phruilcle
`hikc `lejut
9. Mh
Mhsh
sho
oilileb
eble
le cdod
cdodbh bhee
Qhrjlak jkml flsh alrk zlt-zlt yleb ihrhlmsk aheble zlt-zlt clsk` rhlmsk slol,
ylktu slol-slol bls ltlu slol-slol `lrutle
7. Mhshoileb
Mhshoileble le chth
chthrdbhe
rdbhe zlzltt zlt yleb
yleb ihrlal
ihrlal plal mhshoil
mhshoileble
eble ohok`km
ohok`kmkk
flsh yleb ihrihal-ihal.
- Jkm
Jkml
l thr
thralp
alpltlt flsh
flsh bls,g
bls,glkr
lkr,pl
,plalt
alt yb
yb ohehet
ohehetuml
umlee mp lal`l
lal`lc
c flsh
flsh bls
- Jkm
Jkml
l thr
thralp
alpltlt flsh
flsh `lrut
`lrutle,
le, glkr
glkr ale
ale flsh
flsh plalt,
plalt, yb
yb ohe
ohehtu
htumle
mle mg
mg lal`lc
lal`lc flsh
flsh
`lrutle
- Jkm
Jkml
l thr
thralp
alpltlt `lrutl
`lrutle,
e, gl
glkr,
kr, plal
plalt,t, ale flsl
flsl bls,
bls, yb oheh
ohehtum
tumle
le mg lal`l
lal`lc
c bls
 

Mhbkltle 7

Keakmltdr:
7.3.1. Oheblel`ksks phebhrtkle thtlple mhshtkoileble thmlele plrskl` bls

Kefdrolsk

Qhtlple
ihralslrmle mhshtkoileble
thmlele uetum skstho
plrskl` bls. Qhtlple mhshtkoileble
mhshtkoileble bls jubl alplt
yleb ihralslrmle akeyltlmle
thmlele plrskl`
akeyltlmle aheble Mp.

Odah` 7
oL(b)  + eI(b) ⇀ pG(b) + qA(b)

olml:

aheble:
Mp ? thtlple mhshtkoileble thmlele bls

^hrtleylle Muegk

<. Ak`kclt
Ak`kclt alrk
alrk odah`
odah` 7, olelm
olelmlc lc yleb
yleb ohrupl
ohruplmle mle rhlmt
rhlmtle4 le4
Jlwli:…............................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Ak`kclt alrk odah` 7, olelmlc
olelmlc yleb ohruplmle ohruplmle prdaum4 prdaum4
Jlwli:…............................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Qhtlple
Qhtlple mhshtkoile
mhshtkoileble ble thmlel
thmlele e plrskl`
plrskl` akeyltlmle
akeyltlmle aheble aheble Mp. Qu`ksmle uebmlple
phrslolle alrk M  thrshiut4
p
 

Jl
Jlwl
wli:
i: …....
….......
.....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.....
.....
....
....
.....
......
.....
.....
.....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.....
.....
....
....
.....
......
.....
.....
.....
....
....
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

@ltkcle
<. E9(b) + 7C9(b) ↑ 9EC7(b)

9. 9CK(b) ↑ C9(b) + K9(b)
Jlwli:
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

7. 9ED9(b) ↑ E9D1(b)
Jlwli:
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

1. 9IrG`(b)↑Ir 9(b)
9(b) + G`9(b)
Jlwli:
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................

8. WF6(b) + 9WD7(b) ↑ 7WD9F9(b)
Jlwli:
............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

Mhskopu`le

Qhtlple mhshoileble plrskl` bls lal`lc ……………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………..……..
………..……..
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
 

FLMQDY-FLMQDY [LEB OHO^HEBLYXCK

MHWHQKOILEBLE

^heblruc Mdeshetrlsk Qhrclalp ^hrbhslrle Mhshtkoileble

KEFDYOLWK

Wultu systho al`lo mhlalle shtkoileb ghearueb ohophrtlclemle mhshtkoilebleeyl,

shckebbl jkml lal pheblruc alrk `ulr olml systho thrshiut lmle ihruilc shahokmkle
rupl lblr shbhrl akphrd`hc mhlalle mhshtkoileble `lbk. Al`lo cl` kek akmhel` aheble
lsl @h Gclth`khr, ylktu

‐Jkml skstho mhshtkoileble akblebbu, mhshtkoileble lmle ohebl`lok phrbhshrle

phrbhshrle
uetum oh`lwle blebbule thrshiut ale jkml ohouebmkemle ohebhoil`kmle
skstho mh mhlalle shtkoileb‟.
Lal ihihrlpl flmtdr yleb alplt ohopheblruck phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble mkokl, ylmek
 phruilcle mdeshetrlsk, phruilcle sucu, ale
ale phruilcle thmlele ale vd`u
vd`uoh
oh bls.

^hruilcle mdeshetrlsk

Wultu mhshtkoileble ohok`kmk ek`lk Mp ale Mg thrthetu plal sucu ale thmlele thrthetu.
 Ek`lk ktu jubl ihrbletueb plal juo`lc ltlu mdeshetrlsk olskeb-olskeb mdopdehe
mhshtkoilebl
mhshtko ileble.
e. Jkml juo`lc ltlu mdeshetrlsk sltu ltlu ihihrlpl mdopdehe
mdopdehe akuilc,
thrjlak`lc phrbhshrle systho uetum oheglplk mhshtkoileble ilru.

Aheble
Aheble oheblg
oheblgu
u plal
plal prkesk
prkeskp
p @h Gcltl`
Gcltl`khr,
khr, al`lo
al`lo phrslo
phrslolle
lle mhshtko
mhshtkoile
ileble
ble,, jkml
jkml

 juo`lc sultuaheble
 ihr`lwlele mdopdehe rhlmsk aktloilc,
`htlm mdopdehe mhshtkoileble
thrshiut. lmlejuo`lc
Whil`kmeyl, jkml ihrbhshr
sultumhmdopdehe
sksk yleb
rhlms
rhlmskk akmu
akmurl
rleb
ebk,
k, mh
mhsh
shtk
tkoi
oile
lebl
blee lm
lmle
le ih
ihrb
rbhsh
hshrr mh sksk
sksk yl
yleb
eb slol
slol ah aheb
eble
le `h`htl
tlm 
m 
mdopdehe thrshiut uetum ohebbletkmle mhmurlebleeyl.

^hrtleylle ^rh-@li

<. Oheurut
Oheurut pholclole
pholclole Leleal shih`uoey shih`uoeyl, l, lpl yleb akolmsua
akolmsua aheble rhlmsk
mhshtkoileble4
Jlwli :
...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
............................................
......................................
................
...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................
......
.
.................................................................
.......................................................................................
............................................
............................................
............................
......
.
 

9. Lpl phrihalle
phrihalle letlrl letlrl rhlmsk mhshtkoimhshtkoileble leble cdodbhe
cdodbhe ale ale
chthrdbhe4 Jlwli :
...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
............................................
......................................
................
...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................
......
.
7+
7. Whiulc
Whiulc skstho mhshtkoile
mhshtkoileble
ble alplt akiult
akiult aheble
aheble ohrhlmskmle
ohrhlmskmle Fh  aheble
kde WGE- ohebclsk`mle FhWGE9+ . Qu`ksmle`lc phrslolle rhlmsk
mhshtkoileble thrshiut!
Jlwli:
...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
............................................
.......................................
.................
...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................
......
.

L`lt Ilcle:
7+
<. Bh`ls mkokl <. @lrutle Fh   ( FhG`7 ) >,< O
-
9. Qliueb rhlmsk 9. @lrutle WGE  (MWGE) >,< O
-
7. ^kpht thths 7. @lrutle DC  (ElDC) >,< O

^rdshaur Mhrjl

<. Wha
Whaklm
klmle < bh`
bh`ls
ls mkokl
kokl yleb
yleb ihr
hrsk
skc
c
7+
9. Olsummle 7 o` `l `lrutle Fh  (FhG`7) mh al`lo tliueb rhlmsk ale gltlt wlrel alrk
`lrutle thrshiut
- -
7. Gltlt wlrel `lrutle WGE  (MWGE), ale olsummle 7 o` `lrutle WGE  (MWGE),
mh bh`ls mkokl
1. Glop
Glopururml
mlee mha
mhaul
ul `lru
`lrutl
tle,
e, `l`u
`l`u gl
gltl
tltt wlre
wlrell glo
glopu
purl
rlee
8. Ilbk
Ilbk mh al`lo
al`lo 7 tliueb
tliueb rhlmsk
rhlmsk (< iulc
iulc tliue
tliuebb rhlms
rhlmskk ihrksk
ihrksk aheble
aheble 9 o` `lrutl
`lrutle)
e)
6. Buel
Buelml
mlee tli
tliue
ueb
b rhlm
rhlmsk
sk < shi
shilb
lblk
lk `lru
`lrutl
tle
e pho
phoililea
eake
kebb
7+
2. Qloi
loilc
lcm
mle 7 thths ``llrutle Fh
Fh  (FhG`7) mh al`lo tliueb rhlmsk 9, laum,
 ileakebmle wlreleyl aheble tliueb rhlmsk < ale gltlt clsk`eyl
-
3. Qloi
loilc
lcm
mle 7 thths ``llrutle WG
WGE  (MWGE), mh al`lo tliueb
tl iueb 7. Laum, ileakebmle
wlreleyl aheble tliueb rhlmsk < ale gltlt clsk`eyl.
-
;. Qloi
loilc
lcm
mle 7 thths ``llrutle DC
DC  (ElDC), mh al`lo tliueb 1. Laum, ileakebmle
wlreleyl aheble tliueb rhlmsk < ale gltlt clsk`eyl.

Qlih` Clsk` ^hebloltle

Dijhm phebloltle
Ed. Clsk` phebloltle
-
< Rlrel `lrutle WGE  (MWGE)
7+
9 Rlrel `lrutle Fh  (FhG`7)
7 Rlre
Rlrell ((`l
`lru
rutl
tle
e pho
phoi
ilea
leakeb
keb ) plal
plal tliu
tliueb
eb
 

-
rhlmsk < shth`lc `lrutle WGE  akglopurmle
7+
aheble `lrutle Fh
1. Rlre
Rlrell ``lr
lrut
utle
le plal
plal tliu
tliueb
eb rhlm
rhlmsk
sk 9 sht
shth`
h`lc
lc
7+
aktloilcmle 7 thths Fh
8 ^hri
^hrile
leak
akeeble
ble wlr
wlrel
el `lru
`lrutl
tle
e pla
plall ttli
liu
ueb
rhlmsk 9 aheble tliueb rhlmsk <
6 Rlre
Rlrell ``lr
lru
utle
tle pla
plall ttli
liu
ueb rhl
rhlms
mskk 7 sh
shth
th`l
`lc
c
-
aktloilcmle 7 thths WGE
2 ^hri
^hrile
leak
akeeble
ble wlr
wlrel
el `lru
`lrutl
tlee pla
plall ttli
liu
ueb
rhlmsk 7 aheble tliueb rhlmsk <
3 Rlre
Rlrell ``lr
lru
utle
tle pla
plall ttli
liu
ueb rhl
rhlms
mskk 1 sh
shth
th`l
`lc
c
-
aktloilcmle 7 thths DC
; ^hri
^hrile
leak
ake
eble
ble wlr
wlrel
el `lru
`lrutl
tle
e tli
tliu
ueb rh
rhlm
lmsk
sk 1
aheble tliueb rhlmsk <

^hrtleylle Muegk

<. Ihralslrmle
Ihralslrmle phrgdille
phrgdille yleb th`lc
th`lc leleal `lmumle,
`lmumle, tu`ksmle`lc
tu`ksmle`lc phrslolle
phrslolle rhlmsk alrk
`lrutle phoileakeb plal tliueb < ak ltls!
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………
………………………………………….……………………………………………..
…………

9. Ihralslrmle
Ihralslrmle jlwlile
jlwlile phrtleylle
phrtleylle edodr <, olelmlc
olelmlc yleb ohej
ohejlak
lak rhlmtle
ale prdaum plal phrslolle rhlmsk thrshiut4
Jlwli:
Yhlmtle:………………………………….…………………………………………….
.………
^rdaum:
………………………………….……………………………………………..………

7. Ilblkolel
Ilblkolel phruilcle
phruilcle wlrel
wlrel `lrutle
`lrutle plal tliueb
tliueb rhlmsk
rhlmsk 9 ale 7
akileakebmle aheble wlrel tliueb < (`lrutle phoileakeb)4
Jlwli:
l. ^hri
^hrile
leak
akeb
eble
le tli
tliue
ueb
b 9 ahe
ahebl
blee tliu
tliueb
eb
<:…………………………..............………….
……………………………………………………………………………………
…….
 i. ^hrileakeble tliueb 7 aheble
aheble tliueb
<:…………………………..............………….
……………………………………………………………………………………
…….
 

7+
1. Lplmlc
Lplmlc wlrel `lrutle
`lrutle plal tliueb
tliueb 9 shth`lc
shth`lc aktloilcml
aktloilcmle
e Fh 4 Lplmlc lrtk
9+ 9+
alrk phruilcle wlrel thrshiut4 ( FhWGE  ihrtloilc/ FhWGE  ihrmurleb)
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….……………………………………
………..…………
8. Lplmlc wlrel `lrutle plal tliueb 7 shth`lc akththsk WGE -4 Lplmlc lrtk alrk
9+ 9+
 phruilcle wlrel thrshiut4
thrshiut4 (FhWGE  ihrtloilc/ FhWGE  ihrmurleb)
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….……………………………………
………..…………

6. Ihralslrmle
Ihralslrmle jlwlile
jlwlile edodr 8 ale 6, mholel lrlc phrbhshrle
phrbhshrle mhshtkoile
mhshtkoileble
ble jkml
mdeshetrlsk al`lo mhshtkoileble aktloilcmle4 Jlwli:
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….……………………………………

………..…………

2. Ilblkolel
Ilblkolel phruilcle
phruilcle wlrel `lrutle
`lrutle plal tliueb rhlmsk
rhlmsk 1 akileakebmle
akileakebmle
aheble wlrel `lrutle phoileakeb4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….……………………………………
………..…………

3. Ihralslrmle
Ihralslrmle phrgdille
phrgdille yleb th`lc
th`lc leal `lmumle,
`lmumle, lplmlc wlrel `lrutle
`lrutle plal tliueb
tliueb
- 9+
1 shth`lc akththsk DC  4 Lplmlc lrtk alrk phruilcle wlrel thrshiut4 (FhWGE  
9+
 ihrtloilc/ FhWGE  ihrmurleb)
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………….………………………………
…………….. ……

 ‗  9+
;. Jkml
Jkml lal
lal phe
phelo
loil
ilcl
cle
e kkde
de DC , olml kde kek lmle ohebkmlt kde Fh , shckebbl lmle
9+.
thrjlak pheburleble kde Fh  Ihralslrmle jlwlile phrtleylle edodr 3 , mholel
lrlc phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble jkml mdeshetrlsk al`lo mhshtkoileble ohebl`lok
 pheuruele/pheburleble4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….……………………………………
……….. ………...

<>. Ihralslrmle
Ihralslrmle jlwlile
jlwlile ed < sloplk
sloplk ;,
;, jh`lsmle`lc
jh`lsmle`lc ilblkolel
ilblkolel pheblruc
pheblruc

mdeshetrlsk thrclalp lrlc phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble4

 

Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….…………………………………
………………..

L^@KMLWK

<. Al`lo sultu rhlmsk mhshtkoilebl

mhshtkoileble:
e:
 E9(b) + 7C9(b) 9EC7(b)
Jkml rhlmsk ihrlal al`lo mhlalle shtkoileb, olml thetumle`lc lrlc
 phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble thrshiut jkml mdeshetrlsk C9 akelkmmle !

MHWKO^X@LE
Ihralsl
Ihralslrm
rmle
le cl
clsk`
sk` al
altl
tl ph
phrg
rgdi
dill
lle,
e, jlwl
jlwlil
ile
e phphrt
rtle
leyl
ylle
le mu
mueg
egkk al
ale
e `l
`ltk
tkcl
cle
e sdl`
sdl`,,
skopu`mle`lc ilblkolel pheblruc mdeshetrlsk thrclalp lrlc phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble
mkokl!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 

^heblruc Wucu Qhrclalp ^hrbhslrle Mhshoileble

KEFDYOLWK

^hruilcle mdeshetrls
^hruilcle mdeshetrlskk sultu mhshoi
mhshoileble
leble alplt ohebuilc
ohebuilc juo`lc
juo`lc phrhlmsk
phrhlmsk ale clsk`
rhlmsk,
rhlms k, thtlpk
thtlpk mdest
mdestletl
letl mhsh
mhshoil
oilebleey
ebleeyl
l thtlp
thtlp,, shalebmle
shalebmle phruilcle
phruilcle sucu ohebuilc
ohebuilc
 juo`lc zlt ale jubl mdestletl mhshoileble. Wultu mhshoileble thrakrk alrk rhlmsk id`lm-
il`km. Jkml rhlmsk
rhlmsk yleb sltu hmsdthrok
hmsdthrokm,
m, olml yleb `lke lmle ihrskflt
ihrskflt headthrokm.
headthrokm. Gdetdceyl
Gdetdceyl
lal`lc rhlmsk ak ilwlc kek yleb ihr`lebsueb shglrl hmsdthroks, Ek`lk ehblf, oheuejummle
ilcwl rhlmsk lrlc mh mlele mhshoileble kek ihrskflt hmsdthrokm:
9ED9(b)  E9D1(b)

Jkml sucu akelkmmle olml rhlmsk yleb `hikc ghplt lal`lc yleb ihrskflt headthrokm.
Lmkilteyl mhshtkoileble
Lmkilteyl mhshtkoileble ihrbhshr
ihrbhshr mh mkrk shckebbl juo`lc ED 9 ihrtloilc ale E 9D1
 ihrmurleb. ^lal sllt thrthetu, phrbhshrle ktu ihrchetk shth`lc thrglplk mhshtkoileble
 ilru, aheble ek`lk Mg ale Mp yleb `hikc mhgk`. Whil`kmeyl, pheuruele sucu lmle
oheblmkiltmle rhlmsk hmsdthrokm `hikc ghplt shckebbl Mg ltlu Mp yleb ilru `hikc ihslr 
alrkplal
alrkplal shih`uoeyl.
shih`uoeyl. Ihrals
Ihralslrmle
lrmle lsls @h Gcltl`khr ale flmtl ak ltls, `lckr`lc cumuo
vle‛t Cdff yleb ihriueyk:

‐Jkml systho ihrlal al`lo mhshtkoileble, mhelkmle sucu oheyhilimle

mhshtkoileble ihrbhshr mh lrlc rhlmsk headthro ( , ale
pheuruele sucu oheyhilimle phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble mh lrlc
rhlmsk
hmsdthro ( ‟

^hrtleylle ^rh-@li

<. L
 pl yleb akolmsua rhlmsk hmsdthro ale headthro4
headthro4
Jlwli:……………………………………………………………………………
…………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………

9. I
k`l thoilbl akolsummle mh al`lo `lrutle CED 7 phmlt lmle thrihetum bls ED 9 yleb
 ihrwlrel gdm`lt. Bls ED9 kek alplt oheblalmle mhshtkoileble aheble phruilcle
hetl`pk ihrek`lk ehbltkf oheurut rhlmsk:
 

9ED9(b) E9D1(b)

l. ^
lal rhlmsk mhshtkoileble akltls , tu`ksmle`lc phrslolle rhlmsk yleb ihrskflt
headthro4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
……

……………………………………………………………………………………
…

 i. ^
lal rhlmsk mhshtkoileble akltls, tu`ksmle`lc phrslolle rhlmsk yleb ihrskflt
hmsdthro4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
……

……………………………………………………………………………………
…

L`lt Ilcle:

<. Qliueb rhlmsk <. CED7 phmlt

9. Wuo
Wuoilt
ilt mlrht
mlrht 9. @hopheb Gu (Qhoilbl)
7. ^kpht thths 7. Lkr  
1. Bh`ls umur 1. Iltu Hs
8. Wpkrktus
6. Mlmk tkbl

^rdshaur Mhrjl

<. Wklpml
Wklpmle
e 7 tliue
tliueb
b rhlmsk
rhlmsk
9. Olsu
Olsumm
mmle
le CE
CEDD7 phmlt mh al`lo bh`ls umur shileylm <> thths
7. Mhouak
Mhouakle le olsum
olsummle
mle CED
CED7 phmlt thrshiut mh al`lo 7 tliueb rhlmsk yleb th`lc
 ihrksk `hopheb thoilbl (Gu), ale loltk phruilcle wlrel yleb
yleb thrjlak
1. ^lelsm
^lelsmlele lkr al`lo
al`lo bh`ls
bh`ls mkokl
mkokl
8. Xetum tliueb
tliueb rhlmsk
rhlmsk 9 , olsummle tliueb
tliueb rhlmsk
rhlmsk mh al`lo bh`ls mkokl
mkokl yleb ihrksk
d
lkr plels aheble sucu 8> G, ale loltk phruilcle wlrel yleb thrjlak
6. Xetum tliueb
tliueb rhlmsk
rhlmsk 7 , olsummle tliueb
tliueb rhlmsk
rhlmsk mh al`lo bh`ls mkokl
mkokl yleb ihrksk
hs aheble, ale loltk phruilcle wlrel yleb thrjlak
2. Ileakebml
Ileakebmle e letlrl tliueb
tliueb < (`lrutle phoileak
phoileakeb
eb ) aheble tliueb
tliueb 9 ale 7
3. Loltk phruilcle
phruilcle yleb
yleb thrjlak ale gltlt
gltlt wlrel `lrutle plal
plal tliueb
tliueb 9 ale 7

Qlih` Clsk` ^hebloltle

 

Dijhm phebloltle
Ed. Clsk` phebloltle

< Rlrel `lrutle shth`lc pheglopurle CED 7

ale `hopheb thoilbl (Gu)akglopurmle
9 Rlre
Rlrell `lr
`lru
utle
tle pla
plall tli
tliu
ueb rh
rhlm
lmsk
sk 9 sl
sllt
lt
akplelsmle
7 ^hri
^hrile
leak
ake
eble
ble wlr
wlre
el `lr
`lrut
utle
le plalall tli
tliu
ueb
rhlmsk 9 aheble tliueb rhlmsk <
1 Rlre
Rlrell `lr
`lru
utle
tle pla
plall tli
tliuueb rhrhlm
lmsk
sk 7 slsllt
lt
akolsummle mh al`lo bh`ls mkokl yleb ihrksk
hs
2 ^hri
^hrile
leak
ake
eble
ble wlr
wlrel
el `lru
`lrutl
tle
e tli
tliuueb rh
rhlm
lmsk
sk 7
aheble tliueb rhlmsk <

^hrtleylle Muegk

<. Ihralslrmle
Ihralslrmle phrgdille
phrgdille yleb th`lc
th`lc leleal `lmumle,
`lmumle, lplmlc wlrel
wlrel `lrutle
 plal tliueb 9 yleb akolsummle
akolsummle mh al`lo lkr plels4

Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………

9. Lplmlc
Lplmlc lrtk alrk phruilcle
phruilcle wlrel yleb ohejlak
ohejlak `hikc ohrlc mhgdm`ltle
mhgdm`ltle thrshiut4
thrshiut4

Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………

7. Ihralslrmle
Ihralslrmle phrgdille
phrgdille yleb th`lc
th`lc leleal `lmumle,
`lmumle, lplmlc wlrel
wlrel `lrutle
 plal tliueb 7 yleb akolsummle
akolsummle mh al`lo lkr akebke4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………

1. Lplmlc
Lplmlc lrtk alrk phruilcle
phruilcle wlrel yleb
yleb ohejlak
ohejlak `hikc muekeb
muekeb thrshiut4
thrshiut4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………

8. ^lal rhlmsk
rhlmsk mhshtkoileble
mhshtkoileble lal yleb
yleb ihrskflt headthro
headthro ale hmsdthro
hmsdthro..
Ihralslrmle phrgdille yleb th`lc ak`lmumle tliueb rhlmsk al`lo mhlalle
 ilblkolelmlc yleb ihrskflt headthro ale hmsdthro thrshiut4
Jlwli:
Headthro:
………………………………………………………………………………………
 

Hmsdthro:
………………………………………………………………………………………

6. ^hrmkrlmle`
^hrmkrlmle`lc
lc ilblkolel
ilblkolel phrbhshrle mhshtkoilebl
mhshtkoileble
e thrjlak lplik`l sucu akelkmmle
akelkmmle 4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………

2. ^hrmkrlmle`
^hrmkrlmle`lc
lc ilblkolel
ilblkolel phrbhshrle mhshtkoile
mhshtkoileble
ble lmle thrjlak lplik`l
lplik`l sucu
akturuemle4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………

3. Ihralslrmlel
Ihralslrmlel jlwlile
jlwlile ed < sloplk 2 akltls,
akltls, ilblkolelmlc
ilblkolelmlc pheblruc
pheblruc sucu
sucu
thrclalp phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble4
Jlwli:……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………

L^@KMLWK
^hrcltkmle phrslolle rhlmsk mhshtkoileble ihrkmut:
6GD9(b) + 6C9D(`) G6C<9D6(b) + 6GD9(b)
d
Yhlmsk mhshtkoileble ihrkmut thrjlak al`lo ruleb thrtutup plal sucu 8>> G.
 ilblkolel lrlc phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble jkml:
(l) sucu aktkebmltm
aktkebmltmle,
le,
(i) sucu akturuemle
akturuemle

MHWKO^X@LE

Ihralsl
Ihralslrm
rmle
le cl
clsk`
sk` al
altl
tl ph
phrg
rgdi
dill
lle,
e, jlwl
jlwlilile
e ph
phrt
rtle
leyl
ylle
le mu
mueg
egkk al
alee `l
`ltk
tkcl
cle
e sdl`
sdl`,,
skopu`mle`lc ilblkolel pheblruc sucu thrclalp lrlc phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble mkokl!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 

^heblruc Vd`uoh ale Qhmlele Qhrclalp ^hrbhslrle Mhshoileble

KEFDYOLWK

^heblruc
^heblr uc phruil
phruilcle
cle thmlel
thmlele
e thrcla
thrclalp
lp mhshtko
mhshtkoile
ileble
ble rhlmsk
rhlmsk ihr`lm
ihr`lmu
u cleyl
cleyl uetum 
uetum 
systho rhlmsk yleb oh`kiltmle bls. Ihralslrmle lsls @h Gclth`khr, jkml thmlele sultu
skstho rhlmsk akuilc, olml mhshtkoileble lmle ihrbhshr uetum oheburlebk pheblruc
thrshiut, sloplk akphrd`hc mhshtkoileble yleb ilru.

Cl` kek alplt akplclok alrk phrslolle cumuo bls kahl`.

^V ? eYQ

^?

Alrk phrslolle thrshiut alplt akmhtlcuk ilcwl phruilcle thmlele lmle ihrlmkilt yleb
shil`kmeyl alrk phruilcle vd`uoh, lrtkeyl jkml thmlele akphrihslr pheblruceyl lmle
slol aheble jkml vd`uoh akphrmhgk`, ale shil`kmeyl.

Xetu
Xetum
m sucu
sucu al
alee vd
vd`u
`uoh
oh thtl
thtlp,
p, ph
phru
ruil
ilcl
cle
e th
thml
mlel
ele
e lm
lmle
le ohey
oheyhi
hili
liml
mle
e ph
phru
ruil
ilcl
cle
e
mdeshetrlsk

(phruilcle thmlele) (phruilcle mdeshetrlsk)

Xetum rhlmsk mhshtkoileble ihrkmut:

lL + iI gG + aA

 phruilcle mhshtkoileble cleyl lmle ohebbhshr

ohebbhshr mhshtkoileble lplik`l

tdtl` od` phrhlmsk tdtl` od` prdaum 

( l + i) (g+a)

^hruilcle vd`uoh glopurle bls-bls yleb ihrhlmsk lmle ohebuilc mdeshetrlsk od`lr 
ale thmlele plrskl` bls. ^heblruc phruilcle thmlele thrclalp mhshtkoileble rhlmsk
flsl bls ihrbletueb plal stdkmkdohtrk rhlmskeyl.
 

Odah` <

^heblruc Qhmlele Qhrclalp Lrlc ^hrbhshrle

Mhthrleble:

(L) (I) (G)

Glopurle od`hmu` Mhshoileble Qhrihetumeyl

EC7, E9, ale C9, sllt thrblebbu lmkilt mhshoileble ilru
shoileb plal pheloilcle
thmlele < lto thmlele alrk `ulr

^hrslolle Yhlmsk Mhshtkoileble: E9(b) + 7C9(b) 9EC7(b)

^HYQLE[LLE MXEGK

<. Ihralslrmle
 phebloltle leleal plal odah` (l) ak ltls, ihrlplmlc juo`lc mdhfkskhe
mdhfkskhe rhlmtle ale
 prdaum alrk phrslolle rhlmsk mhshtkoileble 4
Jlwli:
Mdhfkskhe
rhlmtle:…………………………………………………………………………
Mdhfkskhe
 prdaum:…………………………………………………………………………

9. Ihralslrmle
 jlwlile edodr <, mdhfkskhe olelmlc yleb
yleb `hikc ihslr4 (rhlmtle/prdaum)
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
……
 

7. Jkml
Jkml akihrk
akihrkmle
mle pheblr
pheblruc
uc alrk
alrk `ulr,
`ulr, ylktu
ylktu ohophr
ohophrihs
ihslr
lr thmlel
thmlele
e plal
plal sucu
sucu thtlp.
thtlp.
Ilblkolelmlc vd`uoh systho plal odah` (i)4

Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………
…………………………………………………………………………………
……...…

1. ^lal odah` (i),

mhtkml mktl ohophrihslr thmlele olml juo`lc od` lmle ihrtloilc ale
mhshtkoileble lmle thrblebbu,
thrblebbu, ilblkolel glrl systho uetum alplt ohebhoil`kmle
mhshtkoileble thrshiut4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………
………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………

8. Odah` (g) lal`lc

sllt akolel mhshtkoileble sualc mhoil`k, sheylwl lpl yleb ihrtloilc ale
 ihrmurleb plal odah` (g) thrshiut 4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………...…………

6. Ihralslrmle
 jlwlile edodr 8, mholelmlc lrlc phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble jkml vd`uoh
akphrihslr4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
………...…………

2. Ihralslrmlel
Ihralslrmlel jlwlile
jlwlile ed < sloplk 2 akltls, ilblkolelmlc
ilblkolelmlc pheblruc
pheblruc thmlele
thmlele
ale vd`uoh thrclalp phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble4
Jlwli:…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………….……………………………………
…………………..

L^@KMLWK

Yhlmsk mhshtkoileble ihrkmut ihr`lebsueb al`lo ruleb thrtutup plal sucu thrthetu,
aheble phrslolle rhlmsk shilblk ihrkmut:
 

l. 9IrF8(b)
Ir 9(b)
9(b) + 8F9(b)

 i. 9G(s) + D9(b)

9GD9(b)

Ilblkolel   pheblruceyl thrclalp phrbhshrle mhshtkoileble jkml thmlele systho

akphrihslr4

MHWKO^X@LE

Ihralsl
Ihra lslrm
rmle
le clclsk`
sk` al
altl
tl ph
phrg
rgdi
dill
lle,
e, jlwl
jlwlil
ile
e ph
phrt
rtle
leyl
ylle
le mu
mueg
egkk al
ale
e `l
`ltk
tkcl
cle
e sdl`
sdl`,,
skopu`
skopu`mle
mle`lc
`lc ilblko
ilblkolel
lel pheblr
pheblruc
uc thmlel
thmlele
e ale vd`uoh
vd`uoh thrcla
thrclalp
lp lrlc phrbhs
phrbhshrle
hrle
mhshtkoileble mkokl

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

^HYQLE[LLE MXEGK MHBKLQLE <

<. Ihralslrmle
Ihralslrmle phrgdille
phrgdille yleb th`lc
th`lc leleal `lmumle,
`lmumle, tu`ksmle`lc
tu`ksmle`lc phrslolle
phrslolle rhlmsk alrk
`lrutle phoileakeb plal tliueb < ak ltls!
7+ - 9+
Fh  + WGE FhWGE
7+ -
9. Yhlm
Yhlmtl
tle
e : Fh
Fh  ale WGE
9+
^rdaum: FhWGE

7. -^hrileakeble tliueb
tliueb 9 aheble
aheble tliueb <: tliueb 9 `hikc phmlt
phmlt alrk plal tliueb <
-^hrileakeble tliueb 7 aheble tliueb <: tliueb 7 `hikc phmlt alrk plal tliueb <

9+
1. Rlrel `lrutle
`lrutle ohrlc iltl,
iltl, mdeshet
mdeshetrlsk
rlsk FhWGE
FhWGE9+ ihrtloilc
8. Rlrel `lrutle
`lrutle ohrlc iltl,
iltl, mdeshet
mdeshetrlsk
rlsk FhWGE
FhWGE  ihrtloilc
6. Mh mlele
mlele (prdau
(prdaum)
m)
 

9+
2. @hikc puglt, mdeshetrlsk FhWGE  ihrmurleb
3. Mh mkrk (rhlmtle)
;. Jkml mdeshetrlsk akmurlebmle, olml mhshtkoileble lmle ihrbhshr mhlrlc rhlmtle

^HYQLE[LLE MXEGK MHBKLQLE 9

<. Rlrel
Rlrel ohejla
ohejlakk ohrlc mhgdm
mhgdm`ltl
`ltle
e
9. Mdeshe
Mdeshetrl
trlsk
sk ihrtlo
ihrtloilc
ilc
7. wlrel yleb ohejlak
ohejlak `hikc
`hikc muekeb
muekeb
1. mdeshet
mdeshetrlsk
rlsk ihrmur
ihrmurleb
leb
8. Headthro:
Headthro: yleb
yleb akolsum
akolsummle
mle mh
mh lkr akebke
akebke
Hmsdthro: yleb akolsummle mh lkr plels
6. lplik`l
lplik`l sucu akelkmmle
akelkmmle mhshtkoileble
mhshtkoileble ihrbhshr
ihrbhshr mhlrlc headthro
headthro
2. lplik`l
lplik`l sucu akelkmmle
akelkmmle mhshtkoil
mhshtkoileble
eble ihrbhshr
ihrbhshr mhlrlc hmsdthro
hmsdthro
3. lplik`l
lplik`l sucu akelkmmle
akelkmmle mhshtkoil
mhshtkoileble
eble ihrbhshr
ihrbhshr mhlrlc headthro
headthro ,
shaleblmle lplik`l sucu akelkmmle mhshtkoileble ihrbhshr mhlrlc hmsdthro

^HYQLE[LLE MXEGK MHBKLQLE 7

<. Ihralslrmle
 phebloltle leleal plal odah` (l) ak ltls, ihrlplmlc juo`lc mdhfkskhe
mdhfkskhe rhlmtle ale
 prdaum alrk phrslolle rhlmsk mhshtkoileble 4
Mdhfkskhe rhlmtle: 1
Mdhfkskhe prdaum: 9
9. rhlmtle
7. vd`uoh systho
akphrmhgk`

1. aheble glrl
ohebbhshr mhshtkoileble mh vd`uoh yleb `hikc mhgk`
8. prdaum ihrtloilc
ale rhlmtle ihrmurleb
6. mhlrlc yleb
vd`uoheyl `hikc shakmkt
2. Jkml thmlele
aktloilcmle vd`uoh akphrmhgk`, mhshtkoileble ihrbhshr mhlrlc vd`uoh yleb mhgk`,
 ihbktu jubl shil`kmeyl
 

ALFQLY ^XWQLML

Jdclrk ale Ylgcolwltk. 9>>;. Mkokl WOL ale Ol uetkm Mh`ls SK. Jlmlrtl: Hr`lebbl

Rltdek, Clrks, amm. 9><6. Mkokl uetum Wkswl WOL/OL Mh`ls SK . Ileaueb: [rlol Rkayl

9>>8. Mdeshp-mdeshp
Gcleb, Ylyodea. 9>>8. Mdeshp-mdeshp Ketk Mkokl Alslr. Jlmlrtl
Alslr. Jlmlrtl : Hr`lebbl

9>>2. Mkokl uetum WOL Mh`ls

^uril, Okgclh`. 9>>2. Mkokl Mh`ls SK Whohsthr<.
Whohsthr<. Jlmlrtl
 Jlmlrtl : Hr`lebbl

9>>2. Mkokl Mh`ls SK WOL/OL

J.O.G Jdclrk. 9>>2. Mkokl WOL/OL.. Jlmlrtl : Hsks

9><6. Mkokl uetum WOL Mh`ls

Rltdek, Clrks, amm. 9><6. Mkokl Mh`ls SK . Ileaueb: [rlol Rkayl