Q1. Difference between packet and circuit switching?

Ans

Q2. Types of multicast routing protocol?

Ans.. There are two types of multicast routing protocols:

 Dense Mode
 Sparse Mode

Q3. what is class field in IP address ?

Ans.. TCP/IP defines five classes of IP addresses: class A, B, C, D, and E. Each class
has a range of valid IP addresses. The value of the first octet determines the class.
IP addresses from the first three classes (A, B and C) can be used for host
addresses. The other two classes are used for other purposes – class D for
multicast and class E for experimental purposes.

Q4. what is circuit switching?

Ans.. Circuit switching is a method of implementing a telecommunications
network in which two network nodes establish a dedicated communications
channel through the network before the nodes may communicate .

Q5. what is multicasting?

Ans.. Multicasting in computer network is a group communication, where a
sender(s) send data to multiple receivers simultaneously. It supports one – to –
many and many – to – many data transmission across LANs or WANs.

Q6. what is host id and net id?

Ans.. A network ID or NetID is the fragment of IP address that classifies the
network for a specified host.
A host ID is the fragment of an IP address that uniquely classifies a host on a
specified TCP/IP network. 

Q7. Difference between Net ID and Network Address?

Ans.. A network ID or NetID is the fragment of IP address that classifies the
network for a specified host.
A network address is any logical or physical address that uniquely distinguishes a
network node or device over a computer or telecommunications network.

Q8. What is the purpose for subnetting?

Ans.. The purpose of subnetting is to split a large network into a grouping of
smaller, interconnected networks to help minimize traffic.

Q9. what is masking?

Ans.. Masking is used to determine which portion of the IP address is the network
address and which is the host address. 

Q10. Differentiate boundary level vs non boundary level masking?

Ans.. In boundary level masking, two masking numbers are consider(0,255).
In non-boundary level masking other values of masking is used apart from 0 and
255.

Q11. what is router?

Ans.. A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between
computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the
Internet.

Q12. Difference between router and bridge?

Ans..
Q13. Find the class of each address
Ans.. We can identify the class of the IP address by converting the dotted-
decimal IP address to its binary equivalent.

 If it begins with 0, then it’s a Class A network.

 If it begins with 10, then it’s a Class B network.
 If it begins with 110, then it’s a Class C network.
 If it begins with 1110, then it’s a Class D network.
 If it begins with 1111, then it’s a Class E network.

Q14. why adaptive is superior to non adaptive routing?

Ans.. Because routers share information about the network topology, adaptive
routing can be less secure than non-adaptive routing processes and require more
bandwidth.

Q15. Three elements of distance vector algorithm

Ans.. The three elements of distance vector algorithm are as follows:
 NET ID: The Network ID defines the final destination of the packet.
 Cost: The cost is the number of hops that packet must take to get there.
 Next hop: It is the router to which the packet must be delivered.

Q16. what is address resolution protocol?

Ans.. The Address Resolution Protocol is a communication protocol used for
discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given
internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address.

Q17. what are the benefits of subnetting?

Ans.. The benefits of subnetting are:
 enhancing routing efficiency
 network management control
 improving network security

Q18. What are the metrics used by routing protocols?

Ans.. The metrics used by routing protocols are as follows:
 Hop count.
 Path reliability.
 Path speed.
 Load.
 Bandwidth.
 Latency.

Q19. Define RIP?

Ans.. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol.
Routers running the distance-vector protocol send all or a portion of their routing
tables in routing-update messages to their neighbours. You can use RIP to
configure the hosts as part of a RIP network.

Q20. what is switch?

Ans.. A network switch connects devices (such as computers, printers, wireless
access points) in a network to each other, and allows them to communicate by
exchanging data packets.