Phase 2 Report

GREY WATER TREATMENT BY USING ALOE VERA PLANT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Water is a essential and precious natural resources, unevenly distributed on our planet.
It’s transparent, colourless, tasteless and odourless substance. It is the main constituent of
earth’s streams, lakes, ponds and oceans and therefore the fluids of most living organisms.
The world surface is roofed by 2/3rd of water, but just one percent is pure. Water scarcity
and need for water becomes increased nowadays and therefore the disposal of waste water
may be a global problem in altogether states across the country because of increasing
trends. Domestic and industrial wastewater constituents contribute to water resource and
soil pollution. Domestic wastewater is one among the main source of water pollution.
Wastewater is usually made of black water (toilet water) and grey water.
Grey water is described as waste water collected from urban areas which includes
sources from bathrooms, showers, wash basins, washing machines, dish washers and
kitchen sinks. The contribution of Grey water to domestic wastewater is 60-75% of water
volume. Its amount and characteristics strongly depends on location, source of grey water
and population structure. Grey water reuse has been an old tradition, and areas which are
threatened by water are still being washed out. This activity will help reduce the
overreliance on fresh water resources and reduce the contamination caused by the dumping
of untreated grey water into freshwater resources if given the required attention provided.
It can also be a complementary use of existing water supplies in areas of severe water
storage, or in arid (dry) climatic regions.
The suggested methods of grey water treatment are based on the grey water
composition and grey water reuse operations. Uses vary from gardening, car washing, water
cooling of washing machines and flushing toilets. Such forms are more prone to the handled
grey water in terms of human touch. There is still no general international guideline relevant
for the treatment of grey water and reuse of grey water.
The use of natural resources in the water treatment cycle is a significant economic
problem for developing countries. Aloe Vera plant is a succulent plant in the Liliaceae
family, which consists of 98 per cent of the leaves’ water. It is the oldest medicinal plant
ever known, and the most commonly used medicinal plant in the world. Sometimes, this is
a perennial tropical plant that will be grown in areas susceptible to drought. It is distributed
Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 1

in the wild in India, along the southern coast of India. It is a smaller or very short stemmed
succulent plant growing to 60-100 cm of length, spreading through offsets. The leaves are
fleshy and thick, green or grey-green. Some of the varieties shows white flecks on their
upper (top) and lower (bottom) stem surfaces, these white flecks are not able to produce
chlorophyll. Aloe Vera plants requires very less water for its growth. It contains about 75
nutrients, including minerals, amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, and 200 active compounds.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.Mini Mathe et al, (2016): this paper entitled as “Effectiveness of vetiver

system for the treatment of wastewater from an institutional kitchen”.
The author’s objective was to investigate the feasibility of using vetiver system. For
the treatment of wastewater produced from an institutional kitchen. The wastewater for the
experimental analysis was obtained from an institutional hostel wastewater in Amaljyothi
college of engineering, Kanjirapally, Kottayam, Kerala which is situated in southern part
of India.
The experimental setup includes five drums each with capacity of 130 litres and
they are connected in straight series order. The drums are packed with soil and vetiver grass
is grown above the soil. These drums are connected by means of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride)
pipes, controlling valves and pipe fittings. The waste water is supplied through the inlet of
1st tank, and allowed to pass through 2nd,3rd,4th and 5th tanks, through the roots of vetiver
grass. It is collected later at 5th tank outlet. Raw water and treated water’s water quality
parameters are analysed and compared to permissible limits as per IS 10550, 2012, IS 2292,
1992. The vetiver system is able to remove 80-85 percent of BOD (Biochemical oxygen
demand), 85 percent of total coliform and 85-90 percent of COD (Chemical oxygen
demand). Thus it can be concluded that the vetiver system is very effective and low cost
method for the treatment of wastewater.
2. Simon Jabornig (2016): this paper entitled as “Overview and feasibility

of advanced greywater treatment systems for single household”.
Although new development for smaller applications have been made in recent years,
investment costs have reduced and fees for fresh water and sewage have increased, so far
it has not been published if there are feasible grey water systems on the market for single
household with high quality effluent. It offers a general overview of sullage treatment
system, a thorough analysis of available advanced grey water treatment for single
household and a cost assessment in view of single household on-site membrane bioreactor
(MBR) systems.

However, investing in a grey water treatment plant for a single household is still
not feasible if the consumer needs good effluent sufficiency (EU bathing water guideline).
Either subsidies of more than 50 percent of investment and operational costs or further
technical advances are required in the current situation.
3. Azni Idris et al, (2015): this paper entitled as “The importance of

sullage treatment in the restoration and conservation of urban streams”.
Grey water is one among the major point contamination sources that discharges into
the rivers from residential and industrial areas without any treatment. The study was done
to evaluate the pollution characteristics of grey water from a residential area of 6.14
hectares where it is discharged into an urban stream without any treatment; and
subsequently to assess its possible effect on the quality of water of urban streams.
Most urban streams drain settlement return water (wastewater) and lack adequate
baseflow to dilute wastewater. In order to reach the Standards, set out in the Environmental
Quality Act, 1979, domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are treated to some extent.
Conversely, while the quantity and quality of sullage place and important role in the quality
of stream water, it’s not cared for by any agency nor regulated by any standard. Until it
joins the urban sources, it is critical that adequate technical, institutional and legal
arrangements are placed in place to manage grey water to certain standards. Restore and
preserve high quality water in the urban streams will not be feasible if the existing method
of introducing untreated grey water in the streams were followed. It’s therefore of utmost
importance to make appropriate scientific, institutional and legal arrangements to properly
handle grey water until it discharges into the waterways of urban areas.
4. I Gabarro et al, (2012): this paper entitled as “A case study grey water
treatment at a sports centre for reuse irrigation”.
The objective of this paper was to determine the feasibility of using sequencing
batch reactor (SBR) technology to onsite grey water treatment at an irrigation reuse sports
centre. Regenerated high quality water was collected from a sports facility with sequencing
batch reactors while handling grey water. Biological treatment achieved about 60 percent
elimination of organic matter and around 89 percent ammonium oxidation. A disinfection
phase consisting of dosing of hypochlorite was necessary to ensure no pathogenic presence
in the generated water. A fast-operative mode was achieved by the SBR seeded with

activated sludge; the inference is that the SBR system delivers a good treatment for grey
water.
5. Fangyue li et al, (2012):this paper entitled as “Treatment of household

greywater with a uf membrane filtration system”.
As water becomes a rare resource, in many countries the on-site reuse and recycling
of greywater is practised as an alternative to decrease the aloe vera urban water
demand.Due to the slightly higher concentration in organic compounds, the consistency of
permeate obtained from the sample did not follow EU bathing water rules. The permeate
produced from the system can later be treated in an anaerobic treatment system. One of the
key benefits of using this permeate along with the black water and kitchen waste to generate
biogas and soil conditioner is that it will improve the fertility of the land on which it is
applied. The recycled greywater may also be used in toilets for flushing and disinfecting.
It will raise the overall intake of portable water in the household by about 25%. The
concentrations of trace organics in the permeate are found to be comparable with those in
municipal secondary effluents. To meet the standard of unrestricted water reuse, Advance
treatment methods such as reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation can be applied to
estimate the residual organic trace in the reclaimed grey water.
2.1 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW

By the above the literature review we can conclude the Grey water and converting to
portable water by aloe vera plant. The characteristics of grey water can be enhanced by
using Aloe vera plant to the waste water. The characteristics like chemical oxygen demand,
pH, suspended solids, Biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity and hardness can be reduced
to same extent. Aloe vera was proved to be the most efficient natural adsorbent. Thus results
shows an inverse relation between the permeability coefficient and the contact time that
effect the efficiency of the filtration. In this project aloe vera are used as Grey water is to
be reduced.

CHAPTER 3
OBJECTIVES
1. To analyze the characteristics of grey water of Bada cross boy’s hostel.
2. To study the efficiency of grey water treatment by using Aloe Vera plants.
3. To compare the parameters that are analysed in laboratory to BIS irrigation water
standards.

CHAPTER 4
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
4.1 Materials used
a) Grey water
b) Aloe vera plant
c) Big container (tub)
d) Pipes for connection
4.1.a Grey Water:-

Grey water is all wastewater produced from streams without faecal pollution in
households or office buildings, i.e. all streams except for the toilet waste water. Grey water
sources include sinks, showers, baths, washing machines for clothes, or washers for dishes.
Given that grey water contains less contaminants than domestic wastewater, it is usually
better to manage and it is easy to treat and reuse on-site for toilet flushing, landscape or
field irrigation, and other non-potable uses.
Figure 4.1 Grey water

4.1.b Aloe vera plant: -
Aloe vera is a short Stemmed plant growing to a height of 60-100 cm(24-39 inches)
and spread through offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green or grey-green in colour.
Some varieties of aloe vera shows white flecks on top and bottom surfaces. The leaf margin
is tightened, and has small white teeth. In summer, the flowers are produced at a spike of
up to 90 cm (35 in.) tall each flower being pendulous, with a 2-3 cm (0.8-1.2 in) long yellow

tubular corolla. Aloe vera, like other aloe plants, forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis
that allows the plant to have better access to mineral nutrients in soil.
Aloe vera needs plenty of light, so place your plant within 3 feet of a sunny window
where it gets at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Or, with full-spectrum growing
lights, provide 16 hours of bright artificial light per day. The maximum development takes
about 2 to 3 months.
Figure 4.2 Aloe Vera Plant

4.1.c Big containers (tub):-
The containers will be used for growing aloe Vera plants and to store water which
have capacity of about 50 – 75 litres.
Figure 4.3 Big container

4.1.d Pipes for connections: -

PVC(polyvinyl chloride) pipes will be used to make connections for containers to
flow water.
Figure 4.4 PVC Pipes
4.2 METHODOLOGY
1. Raw grey water was collected from Bada cross boys’ hostel and tested in the lab.
2. One container of 75 litres capacity was taken and connected them with PVC (polyvinyl
chloride) pipes & PVC pipes fittings.
3. In the container a filter bed of aggregates, sand & soil was created. Later aloe Vera
plants were grown for 2 months.
4. Grey water from Bada cross boys’ hostel was collected and filled in the container and
passed it to the out valve where aloe Vera plants were grown.
5. Grey water was in contact with aloe vera plants for a detention period of 5 days, and
the purified (treated) water was collected in the bottles.
6. The water quality parameters of treated water was tested in the laboratory and then
compared with BIS standards.

Figure 4.5 Grey water Treatment
4.3 EXPERIMENTS INV OLVED IN PRESENT STUDY
Tests to be conducted on wastewater samples are:
1. pH
2. Alkalinity
3. Acidity
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
5. Hardness
6. Total solids, Total dissolved solids and Total suspended solids

4.3.1.pH
Figure 4.6 pH meter
 Dip the electrode to a known pH buffer solution.

 Turn on the power supply. Instrument is standardized using the calibration knob.
 Dip the electrode in a pH 7 buffer solution once more after washing. Take the
reading. If it is seven, then calibrate the instrument. If it is not seven, the value is
adjusted and modified such that the dial read to seven.
 The solution whose pH is to be found taken in a beaker and the temperature knob is
set in such a way that the solution temperature is the same as that in the dial.
 The electrode is cleaned with sterile water and filter paper, then replaced with the
solution and subsequently dipped.
 The pH of the solution is indicted on the dial.

4.3.2. Alkalinity
Figure 4.7 Alkalinity Titrometer
A. Alkalinity of phenolphthalein:
 Pipette out 25 ml sample and then add two drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
 If the solution is colourless, it indicates that there is no phenolphthalein alkalinity.
 If the colour of the solution is pink, then titrate against N/50 HCl (Hydrogen
chloride) taken in burette. Titration should be continued until the solution turns
colourless. This is the end point of titration.
 Follow the same procedure till two consistent values are obtained.
B. TOTAL OR METHYL ORANGE ALKALINITY:
 Pipette out 25 ml sample and then add two drops of methyl orange indicator.
 If the colour of solution is pink, then there is no alkalinity.
 If the solution is yellow in colour then titrate against N/50 HCl(Hydrogen chloride)
which is taken in the burette. Titration is continued until faint orange colour
appears which indicate the end point. The amount of titrant consumed is noted
down (B).

 TOTAL ALKALINITY OR METHYL ORANGE ALKALINITY as mg/l
Caco3 = B*N*50*1000
Volume of sample
Where, Caco3 = Calcium carbonate (mg/l)
B = ml of standard acid used (ml)
N = Normality of standard acid
4.3.3 Acidity
Figure 4.8 Acidity Titrometer
A. METHYL ORANGE OR MINERAL ACIDITY:
 pipette out 25 ml sample later add two drops of methyl orange indicator to the
sample taken.
 If the colour of the solution is yellow or orange, it indicates that the mineral acidity
is absent.
 If the solution turns pink in colour, titrate against 0.02N NaOH(Sodium Hydroxide)
filled in the burette till faint orange colour appears which indicates the end point of
titration.
 Follow the same procedure till two concordant values are obtained.

B. PHENOLPHTHALEIN ACIDITY:
 Pipette out 25 ml sample in to a titration flask.

 Add three drops ofphenolphthalein indicator to the sample.
 The solution is titrated with 0.02N NaOH(Sodium Hydroxide) till the appearance
of faint pink colour. The volume of titrant consumed is noted down (B).
PHENOLPHTHALEIN ACIDITY as mg/l caco 3 = B*N*50*1000

Volume of sample
B = ml of standard acid used (ml)
4.3.4 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)
Figure 4.9 BOD bottels
Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO)
 Take 300 ml sample in a BOD (Biochemical 0xygen demand) bottle. Add one ml
of magnesium sulphate MnSO4 solution and one ml of alkali iodide azide reagent.
 Replace the stopper taking care to exclude air bubbles and invert the bottle atleast
fifteen times for through mix. A reddish brown gelatinous precipitate forms.
 Allow the solution to settle till at least 100 ml clear supernate is obtained.
 Remove stopper and add one ml conc. H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid) and mix it till
dissolution is complete.
 Measure out 5 ml of above solution into a titration flask and add 195 ml of dilution
water. Titrate against 0.025N Sodium Thiosulphate reagent till a pale straw colour
is obtained.
 Add a few drops of starch solution and continue titration till blue colour disappears.
The volume of titrant consumed is noted down (A).
 1 ml of 0.025N Na2S2O3 (Sodium thiosulfate) is equivalent to 0.2 mg Dissolved
Oxygen since 200 ml sample is considered.
 1 ml Na2S2O3(Sodium thiosulfate) is equivalent to 0.2 mg/200 ml or 1 ml/l of DO
DO (mg/l) =A*N*8*1000
Volume of sample
Where, DO = Dissolved oxygen (mg/l)
A = ml of standard acid used (ml)
Preparation of diluted water
 Take the required volume of distilled water in a 1 litre flask. By bubbling water by
compressed air aeration is achieved.
 For each litre of distilled water add 1 ml of each of phosphate buffer, magnesium
sulphate solution, calcium chloride solution and ferric chloride solution.
 In the case of wastewater with insufficient bacterial population, diluted water is
seeded. 5 ml of settled domestic sewage is usually adequate for 1000 ml of dilution
water.
 The sample is diluted using distilled water and the contents are mixed well.
 Sample filtered into 2 BOD(Biochemical 0xygen demand) bottles.
 The remaining two BOD(Biochemical 0xygen demand) bottles are filled with water
to dilute.
 Calculate and write down Do of condensed waste water and dilution vapour.

 The remaining two BOD(Biochemical 0xygen demand) bottles are incubated in a

BOD incubator at 20 degree Celsius for 5 days. To avoid any air entry in to the
bottles, maintain a water seal thorough out the incubation period.
 Again after 5 days calculate the DO of the incubated sample.
 Measure and calculate the sample BOD(Biochemical 0xygen demand).
BOD in mg/l = (DO0-DO5)*volume of diluted sample

Volume of sample
Where, BOD = Biochemical 0xygen demand (mg/l)
DOo = Waste water (mg/l)
DO5 = Incubated sample after 5 days incubator in BOD bottle(mg/l)
4.3.5. Hardness
Figure 4.10 Hardness Test
 Usually for hardness, sample volume requiring less than 15 ml EDTA

(Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) titrant is selected.
 The duration of titration should not exceed five minutes from the time of addition of
buffer solution.
 Apply one to two ml of ammonium buffer solution to the sample taken in the titration
flask. Then one to two drops o

 f Eriochrome Black T indicator is added.

 Titrate using regular 0.01M EDT (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) A solution till red
wine changes colour to blue.
 Take down the EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) volume that runs down (A).
 1 ml 0.01 M EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) equals 1 mg CaCo3.
HARDNESS as Caco3(mg/l) = A*N*8*1000

Volume of sample
A = ml of standard acid used (ml)
4.3.6 Total solids, Total dissolved solids and Total suspended solids
Figure 4.11 Total solids test

 Set the initial weight as W1 grams of a clean, dry, empty evaporating dish.
 Remove 50 ml of well mixed crucible sample.
 The specimen is heated to evaporate.
 After cooling, note down the weight of the evaporating dish along with the fixed
residue remaining in the dish as W2 grams.
TOTAL SOLIDS (mg/l) = (W2-W1)*106

Volume of sample
Where, W1 = Initial weight of evaporating dish (grams)

W2 = Weight of evaporating dish after cooling (grams)

 Assess the initial evaporative dish weight (W1) grams.
 Gather about 50 ml of filtrate from the above sample and pour it in to the tank.
 Place the platter with the filtrate in the oven at 100 to 130 oc and allow the filtrate
sample to evaporate.
 When the sample has been completely evaporated from the plate, remove it from the
oven, remove it from the freezer, cool to laboratory temperature and write down the
plate weight as (W2).
DISSOLVED SOLIDS (mg/l) = (W1-W2)*106

Volume of sample
Where, W1 = Initial weight of evaporating dish (grams)
W2 = Weight of evaporating dish after oven (grams)
SUSPENDED SOLIDS = TOTAL SOLIDS – DISSOLVED SOLIDS
4.3.7. Chemical Oxygen Demand
Figure 4.12 COD test Figure 4.13 COD test meter
 Place 4 gm of mercury sulphate HgSO4 in a reflux flask. Add 20 ml sample whose

COD is to be determined.
 Then add few glass beads and slowly add 30 ml sulphuric acid reagent. Add 10 ml
0.25N K2cr2O7 potassium dichromate solution and mix it uniformly.
 Connect flask to condenser and turn oncooling water.

 Apply heat and reflux the mixture for two hours, cool it and then wash down the
condenser with distilled water.
 Dilute the mixture to 150 ml with distilled water. Transfer this to a titration flask.
 Now titrate against 0.1N ferrous ammonium sulphate using two or three drops of
ferroin indicator.
 End point of titration is change in the colour of the solution from blue greento
reddish brown colour. The volume of titrant consumed is noted down (B).
 In a similar way, reflux a blank solution consisting of 50 ml distilled water together
with the reagents.
 Cool, dilute and again titrate against 0.25N ferrous ammonium sulphate.
 Volume of titrant used for blank titration is noted down as (A).
COD (mg/l) = (𝐀−𝐁)∗𝐍𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐀𝐒(𝟎.𝟏)∗𝟖∗𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆

CHAPTER 5
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

5.1.a. Filter bed – In the container a filter bed of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and
soil was created. Above the soil Aloe Vera plant were grown.
5.1b. Raw grey water – Grey water collected from Bada cross Boy’s hostel and
tested for water quality parameters in the Jain college laboratory.
5.1.c. Treated water – water collected from the container after in contact with Aloe
Vera plants for a detention period of 5 days. Again this treated water is tested in
laboratory.
5.1.d.Course aggregate (40mm down)

In filter bed 40mm down coarse aggregate is laid as first layer up to a height of 4.5 cm.
5.1.e. Course aggregate (20mm down)

In filter bed 20mm down coarse aggregate is laid as second layer up to a height of 4.5cm.
5.1.f. Sand (1mm & 0.6 micron)

In filter bed 1mm & 0.6 micron size sand particles is laid as third layer up to a height of
4.5cm.
5.1.g. Red soil

Red soil is laid as upper layers of the filter bed to facilitate the growth of aloe vera plants.
Aloe vera plants were grown for a period of 3 months.

5.2 Raw Grey Water

Grey water collected from Bada cross boy’s hostal and tested for water quality parameters
in the laboratory.
5.2.1 pH
SL.No. Test samples Temperature pH
1 Grey Water 26.1 5.65
pH = 5.65
5.2.2 Alkalinity
 Partial or phenolphthalein alkalinity is absent
 Total or methyl orange alkalinity
SL.No. Test Sample Initial Final burette Difference Volume of
burette reading HCL (mg/l)
reading (FR-IR)
1 0 5.5 5.5
Grey water 5.5 11.1 5.6 5.55
2 Distilled water 5.5 6.5 1.0
6.5 7.7 1.2 1.1
Alkalinity Grey water = 111 mg/l as caco3
Alkalinity Distilled water = 22 mg/l as caco 3
5.2.3 Acidity
 Methyl orange acidity id absent
 Phenolphthalein acidity
SL.No. Test Sample Initial Final Differences Volume of

burette burette (FR-IR) NaOH
reading reading (mg/l)
1 Grey water 0 1.7 1.7 1.7

1.7 3.5 1.8
2 Distilled water 1.7 2.3 0.6 0.65
2.3 3.0 0.7
Acidity Grey water = 70mg/l as caco3
Acidity Distilled water = 26mg/l as caco3

5.2.4 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
Initial Do of water sample.

Volume of sample Initial Final Differences Volume of
SL.NO. (200ml) burette burette (FR-IR) thiosulphate
1 Distilled water 0 6.2 6.2 6.2
2 Grey water 6.2 11.7 5.5 5.5
DO0 of Distilled water = 6.2 mg/l
DO0 of Grey water = 5.5mg/l
Initial DO5 of water sample.

1 Distilled water
2 Grey water
DO5 of Distilled water = mg/l
DO5 of Grey water = mg/l
5.2.5 Total Hardness
Initial Final Difference Volume of

SL.N0. Test sample Indicator burette burette EDTS
used reading reading solution
(mg/l)
1 Erichrome 0 1.8 1.8

2 Grey water black- T 1.8 4.2 2.4 2.1
Total Hardness = 84 mg/l

5.2.6 Total solids, Total Dissolved Solids & Total Suspended Solids
Total solids
SL.NO. Empty dish Dish + residue Total solids mg/l

(W1) (W2)
1 37.023 37.046 1150
Total solids = 1150 mg/l
Dissolved Solids = 950 mg/l
Suspended Solids = 1150-950 = 200 mg/l
Sample TS (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) TSS (mg/l)

Grey water 1150 950 250
5.3.7 Chemical oxygen demand
SL.N0. Volume of sample Initial Final Differences Volume of

(100ml) burette burette (FR-IR) thiosulphate
1 Distilled water 0 11.7 11.7 11.7
2 Grey water 11.7 26.6 14.9 14.9
COD = 64 mg/l

5.3 Treated water
Water collected from the third drum after in contact with Aloe vera plants for a detention
period of 5 days. Again this treated water is tested in laboratory.
5.3.1 pH
SL.No. Test samples Temperature pH
1 Grey Water
pH =
5.3.2 Alkalinity
 Partial or phenolphthalein alkalinity is absent
 Total or methyl orange alkalinity
SL.No. Test Sample Initial Final burette Difference Volume of
burette reading HCL (mg/l)
reading (FR-IR)
1
Grey water
2 Distilled water
Alkalinity Grey water = mg/l as caco3
Alkalinity Distilled water = mg/l as caco3
5.3.3 Acidity
 Methyl orange acidity id absent
 Phenolphthalein acidity
SL.No. Test Sample Initial Final Differences Volume of
burette burette (FR-IR) NaOH
1 Grey water
2 Distilled water
Acidity Grey water = mg/l as caco3
Acidity Distilled water = mg/l as caco3

5.3.4 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
Initial Do of water sample.

1 Distilled water
2 Grey water
Initial DO5 of water sample.

1 Distilled water
2 Grey water
5.3.5 Total Hardness
Initial Final Difference Volume of

SL.N0. Test sample Indicator burette burette EDTS
used reading reading solution
(mg/l)
1 Erichrome
2 Grey water black- T
Total Hardness = mg/l
5.3.6 Total solids, Total Dissolved Solids & Total Suspended Solids
Total solids
SL.NO. Empty dish Dish + residue Total solids mg/l

(W1) (W2)
1
Total solids = 1150 mg/l
Dissolved Solids = 950 mg/l
Suspended Solids = 1150-950 = 200 mg/l
Sample TS (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) TSS (mg/l)

Grey water
5.3.7 Chemical oxygen demand
SL.N0. Volume of sample Initial Final Differences Volume of

(100ml) burette burette (FR-IR) thiosulphate
1 Distilled water
2 Grey water
COD = mg/l

CHAPTER 8
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
COMPARISION OF RAW GREY WATER WITH TREATED WATER
SI NO PARAMETERS RAW GRAY TREATED

WATER WATER
1 pH 5.65
2 Alkalinity (mg/l) 111
3 Acidity (mg/l) 70
4 Hardness (mg/l) 84
5 BOD (mg/l) 6.2
6 COD (mg/l) 64
7 Total solids (mg/l) 1150
8 Dissolved solids (mg/l) 950
9 Suspended solids (mg/l) 200

COMPRISION OF TREATED GREY WATER WITH BIS VALUES
SI PARAMETERS TREATED BIS BIS DRINKING

NO WATER IRRIGATION WATER
WATER STANDARDS
STANDERDS AS PER IS 10500
AS PER IS 2012
10500 2012
1 pH 6.0-7.5 6.5-8.5
2 Alkalinity (mg/l) - 200
3 Acidity (mg/l) - -
4 Hardness (mg/l) - 300
5 BOD (mg/l) 150 5
6 COD (mgl) - 4
7 Total solids (mg/l) - -
8 Dissolved solids - -
(mg/l)
9 Suspended solids - -
(mg/l)

CHAPTER 5
TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF WORK

SL.
DATE TASK WORK STATUS
NO.
1 30 – 10 - 2021 Selection of Topic Completed
01-11-2021
2 TO Collection of journals Completed
04-11-2021
05-11-2021
3 TO Study of collected journals Completed
07-11-2021
Checking of material
4 08 – 11-2021 Completed
availability
09-11-2021
5 TO Collection of Material Completed
15-11-2021
16-11-2021
6 TO Preparing of phase-1 Report Completed
19-11-2021
7 02-12-2021 Submission of report Completed
20-01-2022 Aloe vera plant collect and

8 TO growth Completed
30-01-2022
9 01-03-2022 Cost analysis Completed
10 20-04-2022 Collection of Sample Completed

22-04-2022
11 TO Conducting test on Sample Completed
25-04-2022
25-04-2022
12 TO Result and calculation Yet to Complete
31-04-2022
31-04-2022
13 TO Report preparation Yet to Complete
02-05-2022
14 05-05-2022 Report submission Yet to Complete

CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY OF GREY WATER TREATMENT BY

USING ALOE VERA PLANT
 Grey water is described as waste water collected from urban areas includes sources
from bathrooms, showers, wash basins, washing dish washes and kitchen shells
except the toilet waste water.
 Grey water contains less contaminants than domestic waste water, it is to treat and
reuse.
 This system can be used as primary filter system for small scale and house hold
purposes.
 Since the water quality parameters of the treated water do not match with BIS
drinking water standard, the treated water cannot be used for drinking purposes.
 The water parameters of treated water match with BIS irrigation water standards so
treated water can be reused for flushing, irrigation, gardening purposes.
 It is economical, eco-friendly and easy maintenance system.
 The use natural resources in water treatment cycle is a significant economic
problem for developing countries.
 By using aloevera plant consist of 98% of leaves water.
 Aloe vera as coagulant for waste water treatment this is common processes used for
the removal of various pollutants.
 Aloe vera as Bio sorbent for pollutants removal.

REFERENCES
1. Mini Mathew et al. (2016): this paper entitled as “effectiveness of vetiver system for
the treatment of waste water from an institutional kitchen”.
2. Simon Jabornig (2016) this paper entitled as “overview and feasibility of advanced
greywater treatment systems for single household”.
3. Azni Idris et al. (2015) this paper entitled as “the importance of sullage treatment in the
restoration and conservation of urban streams”.
4. J Gabarro et al. (2012) this paper entitled as “a case study grey water treatment at a
sports centre for reuse irrigation”.
5. Fangyue li et al. (2012) this paper entitled as “treatment of household greywater with a
if membrane filtration system”.

Phase 2 Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phase 2 Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GREY WATER TREATMENT BY USING ALOE VERA PLANT

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 1

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 2

1.Mini Mathe et al, (2016): this paper entitled as “Effectiveness of vetiver

2. Simon Jabornig (2016): this paper entitled as “Overview and feasibility

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 3

3. Azni Idris et al, (2015): this paper entitled as “The importance of

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 4

5. Fangyue li et al, (2012):this paper entitled as “Treatment of household

2.1 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 5

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 6

b) Aloe vera plant

c) Big container (tub)

d) Pipes for connection

4.1.a Grey Water:-

Figure 4.1 Grey water

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 7

Figure 4.2 Aloe Vera Plant

Figure 4.3 Big container

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 8

4.1.d Pipes for connections: -

Figure 4.4 PVC Pipes

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 9

Figure 4.5 Grey water Treatment

4.3 EXPERIMENTS INV OLVED IN PRESENT STUDY

Tests to be conducted on wastewater samples are:

4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

6. Total solids, Total dissolved solids and Total suspended solids

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 10

Figure 4.6 pH meter

 Dip the electrode to a known pH buffer solution.

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 11

Figure 4.7 Alkalinity Titrometer

B. TOTAL OR METHYL ORANGE ALKALINITY:

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 12

 TOTAL ALKALINITY OR METHYL ORANGE ALKALINITY as mg/l

Where, Caco3 = Calcium carbonate (mg/l)

B = ml of standard acid used (ml)

N = Normality of standard acid

Figure 4.8 Acidity Titrometer

A. METHYL ORANGE OR MINERAL ACIDITY:

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 13

 Pipette out 25 ml sample in to a titration flask.

PHENOLPHTHALEIN ACIDITY as mg/l caco 3 = B*N*50*1000

Where, Caco3 = Calcium carbonate (mg/l)

B = ml of standard acid used (ml)

N = Normality of standard acid

4.3.4 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)

Figure 4.9 BOD bottels

Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO)

Where, DO = Dissolved oxygen (mg/l)

A = ml of standard acid used (ml)

N = Normality of standard acid

Preparation of diluted water

Department of Civil Engineering,JIT Davanagere. Page 15

 The remaining two BOD(Biochemical 0xygen demand) bottles are incubated in a

BOD in mg/l = (DO0-DO5)*volume of diluted sample

Where, BOD = Biochemical 0xygen demand (mg/l)

DOo = Waste water (mg/l)

DO5 = Incubated sample after 5 days incubator in BOD bottle(mg/l)

Figure 4.10 Hardness Test

PHENOLPHTHALEIN ACIDITY as mg/l caco 3 = BN50*1000

HARDNESS as Caco3(mg/l) = AN8*1000