Community Health Intervention Plan

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A normal Blood Pressure is 120/80 and when it is already more than the normal
BP it is now called Hypertension. Hypertension is another name for high blood pressure.
It can lead to severe health complications and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke,
and sometimes death. Blood pressure is the force that a person’s blood exerts against
the walls of their blood vessels. This pressure depends on the resistance of the blood
vessels and how hard the heart has to work. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for
cardiovascular disease, including stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and aneurysm.
Keeping blood pressure under control is vital for preserving health and reducing the risk
of these dangerous conditions. The cause of hypertension is often not known. In many
cases, it is the result of an underlying condition. Doctors call high blood pressure that is
not due to another condition or disease primary or essential hypertension. If an
underlying condition is the cause of increasing blood pressure, doctors call this
secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension can result from multiple factors,
including blood plasma volume, hormone activity in people who manage blood volume
and pressure using medication, and environmental factor such as stress and lack of
exercise. Secondary hypertension has specific causes and is a complication of another
health problem. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of high blood
pressure, as the kidneys no longer filter out fluid. This excess fluid leads to
hypertension.

A sphygmomanometer or blood pressure monitor can help people keep track of

their blood pressure. A doctor’s visit is not always necessary for blood pressure
monitoring.  Having high blood pressure for a short time can be a normal response to
many situations. Acute stress and intense exercise, for example, can briefly elevate
blood pressure in an otherwise healthy person.
For this reason, a diagnosis of hypertension requires several readings that show
sustained high blood pressure over time. The AHA issued guidelines in November 2017
that define hypertension as blood pressure that is consistently higher than 130 over 80
millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The systolic reading of 130 mmHg refers to the
pressure as the heart pumps blood around the body. The diastolic reading of 80 mmHg
refers to the pressure as the heart relaxes and refills with blood. A person with
hypertension may not notice any symptoms, and so people often call it the “silent
killer.” Without detection, hypertension can damage the heart, blood vessels, and other
organs, such as the kidneys. It is vital to check blood pressure regularly. In rare and
severe cases, high blood pressure causes sweating, anxiety, sleeping problems, and
blushing. However, most people with hypertension will experience no symptoms at all. If
high blood pressure becomes a hypertensive crisis, a person may
experience headaches and nosebleeds.

The management and treatments of Hypertension are regular physical exercise

such as engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity, aerobic exercise every
week, or 75 minutes a week of high intensity exercise. People should exercise on at
least 5 days of the week and Stress reduction such as avoiding or learning to
manage stress can help a person control blood pressure. Meditation, warm baths, yoga,
and simply going on long walks are relaxation techniques that can help relieve stress.
People should avoid consuming alcohol, recreational drugs, tobacco, and junk food to
cope with stress, as these can contribute to elevated blood pressure and the
complications of hypertension. Smoking can increase blood pressure. Avoiding
or quitting smoking reduces the risk of hypertension, serious heart conditions, and other
health issues. Medications are given to treat hypertension. Doctors will often
recommend a low dose at first. Antihypertensive medications will usually only have
minor side effects. Eventually, people with hypertension will need to combine two or
more drugs to manage their blood pressure. Medications for hypertension include
diuretics, including thiazides, chlorthalidone, and indapamide, beta-blockers and alpha-
blockers, calcium-channel blockers, central agonists, peripheral adrenergic inhibitor,
vasodilators, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor
blockers. The choice of medication depends on the individual and any underlying
medical conditions they may experience. Anyone on antihypertensive medications
should carefully read the labels of any over-the-counter (OTC) drugs they may also
take, such as decongestants. These OTC drugs may interact with the medications they
are taking to lower their blood pressure.

Diets are very important to people especially if you are having a disease. It is one
way to be healthy and avoid any complications in our body. A hypertensive patient
should have a healthy diet such as reducing salt intake, moderate alcohol consumption,
eating more fruits and vegetables and less fat, managing body weight and the DASH
Diet (“Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension).

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension or DASH, is a diet recommended for

people who want to prevent or treat hypertension, also known as high blood pressure,
and reduce their risk of heart disease. The regular DASH diet program encourages no
more than ¾ teaspoon (2 300 mg) of sodium per day, which is in line with most national
guidelines.

The DASH diet focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean meats.

DASH lowers blood pressure- particularly if you have elevated levels- and may
aid weight loss. It could reduce the risk of diabetes, heart disease, metabolic syndrome
and some cancers.

If a person’s salt intake is high, lowering it can offer major health benefits.
Comprehensive salt restriction, as advised on the DASH diet, may only be beneficial for
people who are salt sensitive or have high blood pressure. Although, reducing salt
intake is beneficial for most people, eating too little salt may also be harmful.

The DASH diet doesn’t list specific foods to eat. Instead, it recommends specific
serving of different food groups. The number of servings you can eat depends on how
many calories you consume.
 Drinking coffee and alcohol in moderation on the DASH diet is allowed.
Combining the DASH diet with exercise may make it even more effective.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension is considered

as the biggest single risk factor for deaths worldwide. It causes 7 million deaths every
year while 1.5 billion people suffer due to its complications. “Most of the time,
hypertension has no symptoms,” said Dr. Morales. “This makes the condition more
dangerous. If remain untreated, the arteries and other vital organs in the body will be
damaged,” he added. Hypertension causes heart attack, stroke, heart failure, aneurysm
or renal failure.

In the Philippines, heart attack is the most common cause of death among
Filipinos. “This may be attributed to continuous neglect on the danger of hypertension
and its complications,” said Dr. Morales.

A study conducted by PSH found out that the prevalence of hypertension in the country
is increasing. In 2003, data showed that 16 percent or approximately 7 million Filipino
adults 20 years and above has hypertension. The incidence increased to 10 million or
21 percent of Filipino adults 20 years and above in 2008.

“Based on the data, we are expecting the incidence to increase more in the next survey
in 2013,” said Dr. Morales. He reminded the public to be aware of the food they eat and
encouraged them to have at least 30 minutes exercise a day to reduce the risk of
hypertension. “Because our lifestyle has direct impact on our health,” added Dr.
Morales.

Living a healthy lifestyle plays an important role in treating hypertension. “If you were
diagnosed with high blood pressure, avoid smoking, minimize salt intake and alcohol
consumption and a regular exercise are among the key strategies which may avoid,
delay or reduce the need for medication,” stressed Dr. Morales.

Hypertension prevalence among Filipino adults is projected to remain stagnant

using long-term historical trend (1993 to 2015). With the consistent prevalence rate,
projected number of Filipino adults with hypertension is expected to grow almost double
in the year 2050. With the goal of raising awareness on the seriousness of the disease,
Menarini Asia Pacific, part of the world’s largest Italian biopharmaceutical company
Menarini Group and the leading provider of important healthcare brands that help
improve the lives of people in the region, organized a media forum titled “Heart All
Right?: The Benefit of being Heart Aware” to encourage individuals to take a proactive
role in managing hypertension.

According to the latest WHO data published in 2018 Hypertension Deaths in

Philippines reached 14,488 or 2.38% of total deaths. The age adjusted Death Rate is
23.44 per 100,000 of population ranks Philippines #25 in the world.
 DASH Study
Control:
 Ca, Mg, & K ~ 25% of US diet
 Macronutrients and fiber ~ US average
Fruits and Vegetables
 Fruits and vegetables increased to 8.5 servings
 K and Mg to 75%
Combination:
 Add 2-3 servings low-fat dairy to fruit & vegetable diet.
 Ca, K and Mg increased to 75%

DASH Diet Implications

 Combination diet affects comparable to pharmacological trails in mild
hypertension.
 Population wide reductions in blood pressure similar to DASH results
would reduce CHD by ~ 15% and stroke by ~27%
 Great potential in susceptible groups: African Americans and elderly.

The DASH Diet includes:

 7-8 servings of grains and grain products

 4-5 servings of vegetables
 4-5 servings of fruits
 2-3 servings of low fat dairy products
 2 or less servings of meat, poultry and fish
 2-3 servings of fats and oils
 Nuts, seeds and dry beans 4-5 times /week
 Limited ‘sweets’ low in fat.

Population Group: Hypertensive patient…………. (depende sa taas ug rank)

Date and Venue: October 23, 2020 at barangay hall

Objectives:

 Explain the etiology of Hypertension

 Explain the signs and symptoms of Hypertension
 Explain the preventions of Hypertension
 Explain the treatments and managements of Hypertension
 Explain the proper diet for Hypertension
 Explain DASH diet and its importance
Goal: ……………..will be able to:

• Understand what Hypertension is all about

• Determine the causes of Hypertension
• Know the diets of a Hypertensive patient
• Identify the signs and symptoms of Hypertension
• Explain the treatments and managements of Hypertension

 Define and understand hypertension

 Be familiar with the proper diet for hypertensive patient
 Identify the treatments for hypertension
 Identify ways how to manage hypertension
 Identify what DASH diet is and how to incorporate it to their everyday routine

Intervention Materials needed In-charge Evaluation

Strategies
Lecture- Leaflets, video clips, Health care team Oral Feedback:
Discussion pictures, laptop, Clients will be able
projector to verbalize the
meaning
Hypertension
identify the signs
and symptoms
Motivational Cartolina, manila Health care team Oral Feedback:
Interviewing paper, black marker Clients will be able
to explain the
treatments and
managements of
Hypertension
DASH Diet for Video clips, Health care team Oral feedback:
hypertensive pictures, laptop, Clients will be able
clients projector to identify and apply
the DASH Diet
(Dietary
Approaches to Stop
Hypertension)