LESSON PLAN ON ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE

 Name of the student

 Name of the supervisor
 Topic
 Class
 Time
 Place
 Duration
 Language
 Method of explanation
 AV. AIDS
 Previous knowledge of the group: students already have some
knowledge regarding ARF
 General Objective : after the discussion students will be
able to explain the ARF
 Specific Objective : at the end of the discussion students
will be able to introduce the topic
o To define acute respiratory
failure
o to explain types of acute
respiratory
failure
o To enlist the etiology of
acute respiratory failure
 To explain the pathophysiology of
acute respiratory failure
 To explain the sign and symptoms
of acute respiratory failure
o To enlist the diagnostic
evaluations of acute
respiratory failure
o To describe the management
of acute respiratory failure

o To enlist the complications

of acute respiratory failure
SR. DUR SPECIFI CONTENT TEACHI A.V. EVALU
NO. ATIO C NG AIDS ATION
N OBJECT LEARIN
IVE G
ACTIVI
TIES
1. to INTRODUCTION: Lecture PPT What is
introduce Respiratory failure is a condition in cum the
the topic which your lungs have a hard time discussio introduct
loading your blood with oxygen or n ion of
removing carbon dioxide. It can leave ARF
you with low oxygen, high carbon
dioxide, or both.

2. To DEFINITION: Lecture PPT What is

define The loss of the ability to ventilate cum the
acute adequately or to provide sufficient discussio definitio
respirato oxygen to the blood and systemic n n of ARF
ry failure organs. The pulmonary system is no
longer able to meet the metabolic
demands of the body with respect to
oxygenation of the blood and/or CO2
elimination.

3. to TYPES: Lecture PPT What are

explain Type 1 (Hypoxemic) ; PO2 < 50 cum the types
types of mmHg on room air. Usually seen in discussio of ARF
acute patients with acute pulmonary edema or n
respirato acute lung injury. These disorders
ry failure interfere with the lung's ability to
oxygenate blood as it flows through the
pulmonary vasculature.

Type 2 (Hypercapnic/ Ventilatory);

PCO2 > 50 mmHg (if not a chronic
CO2 retainer). This is usually seen in
patients with an increased work of
breathing due to airflow obstruction or
decreased respiratory system
compliance, with decreased respiratory
muscle power due to neuromuscular
disease, or with central respiratory
failure and decreased respiratory drive.

Type 3 (Peri-operative); This is

generally a subset of type 1 failure but
is sometimes considered separately
because it is so common.

Type 4 (Shock); secondary to

cardiovascular instability.
4. To enlist ETIOLOGIES: Lecture PPT What are
the  Conditions that make it difficult cum etiology
etiology to breathe in and get air into discussio of ARF
of acute lungs for example; COPD n
respirato  Lung collapse
ry failure  Fluid in lungs
 Muscular dystrophy
 Cardiogenic shock
 Conditions that affect the brain’s
control over breathing
 Pneumonia
 Asthma
 Pulmonary embolism
 Pneumoconiosis

5. To PATHOPHYSILOGY: Lecture PPT What is

explain cum the
the discussio pathophy
pathophy n siology
siology of ARF
of acute
respirato
ry failure

6. To SIGN AND SYMPTOMS: Lecture PPT What are

explain  Difficulty or extreme tiredness cum the
the sign with routine activities such as discussio clinical
and dressing, taking a shower, and n manifest
symptom climbing stairs ations of
s of  Shortness of breath or feeling ARF
acute like you cannot get enough air
respirato (called air hunger)
ry failure  Drowsiness
 A bluish color on your fingers,
toes, and lips
High carbon dioxide levels in blood can
cause:
 Blurred vision
 Confusion
 Headaches
 Rapid breathing
7. To enlist DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS: Lecture PPT What are
 the  History collection cum the
diagnosti  Physical examination discussio diagnosti
c  Blood test n c
evaluatio  Chest CT scan evaluatio
ns of  MRI ns of
acute  X-ray ARF
respirato  bronchoscopy
ry failure  lung ultrasound
 Echocardiography
 Pulmonary function test
 Lung biopsy

8. To MANAGEMENT: Lecture PPT What is

describe  O2 therapy cum the
the  Bag mask ventilation discussio manage
manage  Noninvasive positive pressure n ment of
ment of ventilation (NPPV). ARF
acute  A mechanical ventilator
respirato  A tracheostomy to deliver
ry failure oxygen.
 Extracorporeal membrane
oxygenation (ECMO).
 Antibiotics to treat bacterial lung
infections such as pneumonia.
 Bronchodilators to open your
airways or treat an asthma attack.
 Corticosteroids to shrink swollen
airways and treat any inflammation.
OTHER TREATMENT;
 Fluids. You may be given fluids to
improve blood flow throughout
your body.
 Nutritional support. You may need
a feeding tube to make sure you get
enough of the right nutrients while
you are on a ventilator.
 Physical therapy. This can help
maintain muscle strength and
prevent sores from forming.
 Positioning your body. For severe
respiratory failure, your doctor may
recommend that you spend most of
the time lying face down, which
helps oxygen get to more of your
lungs.
 Pulmonary rehabilitation. This
program of education and exercise
teaches you breathing techniques
that can improve your oxygen
levels.
 Blood-thinning medicine. If you are
 very sick or got sick very quickly,
this medicine can prevent blood
clots from forming.
9. To enlist COMPLICATIONS: Lecture PPT What is
the  Arrhythmias (irregular cum the
complica heartbeats) discussio complica
tions of  Brain injury n tions of
acute  Kidney failure ARF
respirato  Lung damage
ry failure
10. To NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Lecture PPT What is
discus 1) Difficulty in breathing related to cum the
the disease condition as evidenced discussio nursing
nursing by physical assessment. n diagnosis
diagnosis 2) Chest pain related to difficulty of ARF
of acute in breathing as evidenced by
respirato assess level of pain.
ry failure 3) Anxiety related to labored
breathing as evidenced by
verbalization.
4) Fatigue related to muscle
weakness as evidenced by
physical assessment
5) Deficit knowledge related to
disease condition secondary to
treatment as evidenced by
verbalization.
11. To HEALTH EDUCATION: Lecture PPT What is
discuss  refraining from smoking cum the
about the cigarettes, which can damage discussio health
health the lungs n educatio
educatio  seeing a doctor at early signs of n of ARF
n of a bacterial infection, such as a
acute fever, cough, and high mucus
respirato production
ry failure  taking all medications, a doctor
prescribes to keep the heart and
lungs healthy
 if necessary, using assistive
devices to maintain oxygen
levels, such as continuous
positive airway pressure masks,
which a person can wear at
home
 engaging in appropriate levels of
physical activity to enhance lung
function
12. SUMMARY:
Acute respiratory failure is a life-
threatening impairment of oxygenation,
 carbon dioxide elimination, or both.
Respiratory failure may occur because
of impaired gas exchange, decreased
ventilation, or both.
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook
of Medical-Surgical
Nursing ,14th edition, page no-
324-326.
 Javed Ansari, text book of
medical surgical nursing, PV
publication, 2nd edition, page
no.-411-415
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/
diseases-conditions/ards/
symptoms-causes/syc-20355576
 https://
emedicine.medscape.com/
article/167981-overview