THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

COMMON CORE COURSE 2019-20

CCCH9002 – Chinese Cities in 21st Century

Course Coordinator: Prof Anthony G.O. YEH

Course Instructors: Prof Anthony G.O. YEH, Dr. Roger CHAN, Dr. Guibo SUN

Course Tutors: Miss Connie CHAN, Mr. Chang XIA and Mr. Xiang YAN

Lecture Time: Semester 2 (Wednesdays 14:30 – 16:20), 20 January – 29 April 2020

Lecture Venue: Every Wednesday, 14:30-16:20, CYPP3

Tutorials:
Group Day of Week Date Time Venue
5 Thursdays 13/2, 12/3, 26/3, 2/4, 9/4, 16/4, 23/4 14:30-16:00 CPD-LG.21
6 Thursdays 13/2, 12/3, 26/3, 2/4, 9/4, 16/4, 23/4 16:30-18:00 CPD-LG.21
7 Fridays 14/2, 13/3, 20/3, 27/3, 3/4, 17/4, 24/4 10:30-12:00 CPD-1.43
8 Fridays 14/2, 13/3, 20/3, 27/3, 3/4, 17/4, 24/4 16:30-18:00 CPD-1.23
1 Mondays 2/3, 9/3, 23/3, 30/3, 6/4, 20/4, 27/4 10:30-12:00 CPD-1.23
2 Mondays 2/3, 9/3, 23/3, 30/3, 6/4, 20/4, 27/4 16:30-18:00 CPD-1.23
3 Tuesdays 3/3, 17/3, 31/3, 7/4, 14/4, 21/4, 28/4 10:30-12:00 CPD-1.45
4 Tuesdays 3/3, 17/3, 31/3, 7/4, 14/4, 21/4, 28/4 16:30-18:00 CPD-1.43

Course Description
This course focuses on urban development and urban landscapes of contemporary Chinese cities, as
well as issues and challenges facing them. This course will be consisted of three main modules. The
first module will examine the evolution of Chinese cities since 1949 with particular emphasis on the
urbanization and urban development during the last three decades. Moreover, the political, cultural
and economic backgrounds of urbanization and urban development process will be examined; the
characteristics of the rapid urban development in Chinese cities will be illustrated. The second
module will examine the issues and challenges facing contemporary Chinese cities in the new
century. The major issues and challenges will be identified; their causes and consequences examined;
and potential policies to address these issues and prospects explored. The course concludes with the
application of concepts that have been covered in previous two modules to the case of Guangzhou, a
typical Chinese city.

Course Objectives
Cities play a major role in national development and in the global economy. The transformation of
China cities from planned socialist cities to global ones is phenomenal. With the rise of China in the
21st century, Chinese cities are experiencing more rapid growth in terms of its economy, population
and urban development, and their urban landscapes are changing everyday, which has brought
forward tremendous opportunities as well as challenges.

The goal of this course is to develop students an understanding of the evolution and driving forces of
urban development in major Chinese cities during the last three decades; to help them appreciate
the urban landscapes that they will be seeing when they visit Chinese cites; and to expose them the
key issues and challenges facing these cities in the 21st century.

Page 1 of 13
Learning Outcomes
Expected Course Learning Outcomes
After taking this course, students are expected to:
o Understand the evolution and modernization of Chinese cities in the past three decades.
o Identify important issues and challenges facing contemporary Chinese cities.
o Identify possible solutions to address these problems and challenges and investigate their
implications for sustainability and harmony in Chinese cities.
o Identify key problems for a specific Chinese city based on its urban development history and
current conditions.

Alignment of HKU, Programme and Course Outcomes

Course Learning Outcomes Alignment with Institutional Learning Outcomes
1. Understand the evolution and 1.1 develop in-depth knowledge
modernization of Chinese cities in the past 1.2 intellectual rigor and academic integrity
three decades.
1.3 intellectual curiosity
4.1 awareness of own cultures
2. Identify important issues and challenges 1.1 develop in-depth knowledge
facing contemporary Chinese cities. 1.3 intellectual curiosity
1.4 critique received knowledge from multiple
perspectives
3. Identify possible solutions to address these 2.1 unanticipated situations and problems
problems and challenges and investigate their 2.2 generate and evaluate innovative solutions
implications for sustainability and harmony in
Chinese cities. 6.4 promoting local and global social, economic and
environmental sustainability
4. Identify key problems for a specific Chinese 2.1 unanticipated situations and problems
city based on its urban development history 2.2 generate and evaluate innovative solutions
and current conditions.
6.4 promoting local and global social, economic and
environmental sustainability

Teaching and Learning Activities

The course consists of twelve 2-hour lectures, 8 1.5-hour tutorials, followed by presentations by the
students.
Course Learning Outcomes Teaching and Learning Activities
1. Understand the evolution and Lectures and slides, video clips, tutorials
modernization of Chinese cities in the past
three decades.
2. Identify important issues and challenges Lectures and slides, tutorials
facing contemporary Chinese cities.
3. Identify possible solutions to address these Group project and tutorials
problems and challenges and investigate their
implications for sustainability and harmony in
Chinese cities.
4. Identify key problems for a specific Chinese Lectures, tutorials, group projects and presentations
city based on its urban development history
and current conditions.

Page 2 of 13
Assessment
This course will include the following types of assessments:
a. Individual Term Paper* (45%): Each student will write a 2,500 – 3,000 words individual
term paper on an urban issue on either Beijing, Chongqing, OR Wuhan.

b. Reflective Journals* (10%): Each student is required to submit in total, 2 individual Reflective
Journals (no more than 800 words each) based on lecture readings throughout the course
(due dates on pages 4-5).

c. Presentation on Reading* (5%): Each student is required to present a reading in the Tutorials.

d. Final semi-open book exam on lecture contents* (40%): Students are allowed to bring with
them, no more than 2 single-sided A4 sheets of course notes, into the exam.

* Students need to pass all the above components into to pass the course.

Standards of Assessment
The assessment criteria and grade descriptors are listed in Appendix I.

Readings
Required Reading
Wu W, Gaubatz P, 2013, The Chinese City, New York: Routledge

Wu F, Xu J, and Yeh A G , 2007, Urban Development in Post-Reform China: State, Market, and Space.
London; New York: Routledge

Ma L J C, Wu F (eds.), 2005, Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy and Space,
London: Routledge

Recommended Reading (optional)

Chan K W and Hu Y, 2003, “Urbanization in China in the 1990s: New Definition, Different Series, and
Revised Trends", The China Review, 3: 49-71

Friedmann J, 2004, China's Urban Transition, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

Logan J (ed.), 2007, Urban China in Transition, Oxford, UK: Blackwell

Course Portal
HKU Chinese Cities Portal http://www.dupad.hku.hk/cusup/chinesecities/

Please see below for more readings for individual lectures.

Study Load
Activities Number of hours
Lectures 24
Tutorials 12
Reading / Self-study 30
Assessment: Reflective journal / report writing 40
Assessment: Presentation (include preparation) 24
Assessment: Examination 20
Total: 150

Page 3 of 13
Lecture & Tutorial Time and Venue Details:
Lectures
Wednesdays, 14:30 – 16:20, CYPP3

Tutorials
Group Day of Week Date Time Venue
5 Thursdays 13/2, 12/3, 26/3, 2/4, 9/4, 16/4, 23/4 14:30-16:00 CPD-LG.21
6 Thursdays 13/2, 12/3, 26/3, 2/4, 9/4, 16/4, 23/4 16:30-18:00 CPD-LG.21
7 Fridays 14/2, 13/3, 20/3, 27/3, 3/4, 17/4, 24/4 10:30-12:00 CPD-1.43
8 Fridays 14/2, 13/3, 20/3, 27/3, 3/4, 17/4, 24/4 16:30-18:00 CPD-1.23
1 Mondays 2/3, 9/3, 23/3, 30/3, 6/4, 20/4, 27/4 10:30-12:00 CPD-1.23
2 Mondays 2/3, 9/3, 23/3, 30/3, 6/4, 20/4, 27/4 16:30-18:00 CPD-1.23
3 Tuesdays 3/3, 17/3, 31/3, 7/4, 14/4, 21/4, 28/4 10:30-12:00 CPD-1.45
4 Tuesdays 3/3, 17/3, 31/3, 7/4, 14/4, 21/4, 28/4 16:30-18:00 CPD-1.43

Activity Topics Instructor

Lecture 1
Evolution of Chinese Cities Before and After 1978 Anthony YEH
22 Jan 2020

Lecture 2
Urban Development in Post-Reform China - 1 Anthony YEH
5 Feb 2020

Lecture 3
Urban Development in Post-Reform China - 2 Anthony YEH
12 Feb 2020
- Introduction to course, assessments
Tutorial 1
- Outline of the tutorials
13, 14 Feb &
- Individual Term Paper description and requirements
2, 3 Mar 2020
- Discussion about course materials
Lecture 4
Overview of Issues and Challenges Anthony YEH
4 Mar 2020
Tutorial 2 - Discussion about course materials
9, 12, 13 & 17 - Student presentations on reading
Mar 2020 - Reflective Journal description and requirements
Lecture 5
Economic Development Roger CHAN
11 Mar 2020

Lecture 6 Urban Sustainability

Guibo SUN
18 Mar 2020 - Submission of 1st reflective journal
Tutorial 3 - Discussion about course materials
20, 23, 26 & - Student presentations on reading
31 Mar 2020 - Submission of Term Paper Title
Lecture 7 Transport
Guibo SUN
25 Mar 2020
Tutorial 4 - Discussion about course materials
27, 30 Mar & - Student presentations on reading
2, 7 Apr 2020 - Approval of Term Paper Title
Lecture 8
Historical Preservation Guibo SUN
1 Apr 2020

Page 4 of 13
Activity Topics Instructor
Tutorial 5 - Discussion about course materials
3, 6, 9, 14 - Student presentations on reading
Apr 2020
Lecture 9
Urban Housing Guibo SUN
8 Apr 2020

Lecture 10 Urban Planning and Design

Guibo SUN
15 Apr 2020 - Submission of 2nd reflective journal
Tutorial 6 - Discussion about course materials
16, 17, 20, 21 - Student presentations on reading
Apr 2020
Lecture 11
Case Study: Shanghai Roger CHAN
22 Apr 2019
Tutorial 7 - Discussion about course materials
23, 24, 27, 28 - Student presentations on reading
Apr 2020
Lecture 12
Case Study: Guangzhou Anthony YEH
29 Apr 2020

- Deadline for submission of Individual Term Paper to

6 May 2020
assignment collection box on 8/F of Knowles Building
* Add/drop Period: 20 Jan 2020 (Mon) (10:00 a.m.) – 21 Feb 2020 (Fri) (4:00 p.m.).

Page 5 of 13
Reading Lists for Individual Lectures

LECTURE # LECTURE TOPIC & SUGGESTED LECTURE READINGS

Module 1: Urban Development in China: Evolution of Chinese Cities
Evolution of Chinese Cities Before and After 1978
Chan, K.W. (1992), “Economic Growth Strategy and Urbanization
Policies in China, 1949-1982”, International Journal of Urban and
Regional Research, Vol.6, No.2, pp.275-305. (S 301.36 16 J8 U72
v.16, 1992)
Kwok, R.Y.W. (1981), “Trends of Urban Planning and Development in
China” in Ma, L.J.C. and Hanten, E.W. (eds.), Urban Development in
Lecture 1 Modern China. Boulder: Westview Press, pp.147-193. (307.760951 Anthony YEH
M11)
Ma, L. J. C. (2005), "Urban Administrative Restructuring, Changing Scale
Relations and Local Economic Development in China", Political
Geography, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 477-497.
Xu, X. (1984), “Characteristics of Urbanization in China – Changes and
Causes of Urban Population Growth and Distribution”, Asian
Geographer, Vol. 3, pp.15-29. (HKS 910 H77 v.1-v.3 1982-1984)
Urban Development in Post-Reform China (1)
Yeh, A.G.O. and Xu, X. (1990), “Changes in City Size and Regional
Distribution 1953-84”, in Kwok, R.Y, Parish, W. and Yeh, A.G.O
(eds.), China’s Urban Reform – What Model Now? New York: M.E.
Sharpe, pp. 45-61.
Yeh, A.G.O. and Wu, F. (1995), “Internal Structure of Chinese Cities in
the Midst of Economic Reform”, Urban Geography, Vol.16, No.6,
Lecture 2 Anthony YEH
pp.521-554. (S 710 U72 G34 v.16 no.5-8 1995)
Yeh, A.G.O. (1995), “Urbanization Trend in China – Coastal, River and
Interior Cities in China’s Development” in Yeh, A.G.O. and Mak,
C.K. (eds.) Chinese Cities and China’s Development: A Review of
the Future Role of Hong Kong, Hong Kong: Centre of Urban
Planning and Environmental Management, University of Hong
Kong, pp.149-182. (337.5105125 C53)
Urban Development in Post-Reform China (2)
Wu, F. and Yeh, A.G.O.( 1999), “Urban Spatial Structure in a Transitional
Economy: The Case of Guangzhou” Journal of the American
Planning Association, Vol.65, No.4, pp.377-394. (S 710 A5 P71 v.65
1999)
Wu, F., Xu, J. and Yeh, A.G.O. (2007), Urban Development in Post-
Lecture 3 Anthony YEH
Reform China: State, Market, and Space. London: Routledge, 360
pp. (307.760951 W9)
Yeh, A.G.O. (2005), “Dual Land Market and Internal Spatial Structure of
Chinese Cities”, in Ma, L.J.C., Wu, F., and Ma, L. (eds.)
Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy and
Space, pp. 59-79. (307.12160951 R43)

Page 6 of 13
Module 2: Issues and Challenges of Chinese Cities in 21st century
Overview of Issues and Challenges
Xu, J., Wu, F. and Yeh, A.G.O. (2009), “Land Commodification: New Land
Development and Politics in China Since the late 1990s”,
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol.33,
No.4, pp.890-913. (Online Only)
Yeh, A.G.O. (1999), “Economic Development and Agricultural Land Loss in Anthony
Lecture 4
the Pearl Rover Delta, China”, Habitat International, Vol.23, No.3, YEH
pp.373-390. (S 710 H11 I61 v.23 1999/ online)
Yeh, A.G.O. (2005), “Dual Land Market and Internal Spatial Structure of
Chinese Cities”, in Ma, L.J.C., Wu, F. and Ma, L. (eds.), Restructuring
the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy and Space, pp. 59-79.
(307.12160951 R43)
Economic Development
Chan, K.W. and Buckingham, W. (2008), “Is China Abolishing the Hukou
System?”, The China Quarterly, Vol. 195, September 2008, pp. 582-
606. (S 951 C53 Q2 L no.195-196 2008/ online)
Wu, F (ed.) (2006), Globalization and the Chinese City. Oxford; New York:
Routledge.
Lecture 5 Yeung, Y. and Hu, X. (eds.) (1992), China’s Coastal Cities: Catalysts for Roger CHAN
Modernization. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
(338.951009146 C5/ online)
Yi Sun, Jie Lin, Roger C.K. Chan (2018), "Pseudo Use Value and Output
Legitimacy of Local Growth Coalitions in China: A Case Study of the
Liede Redevelopment Project in Guangzhou", Cities, Vol. 61, pp. 9-
16.
Urban Sustainability
Wang, R. (2009), Sustainable Urban Development in China: A Literature
Review on Issues, Policies, Practices, and Effects. Report Prepared for
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Available at:
<http://www.chinaplanning.org/Publications/Wang_full-
updated.pdf> (first 20 pages)
Lecture 6 Wu, F. (2015). Planning for growth: Urban and regional planning in China. Guibo SUN
Routledge. Chapter 6, New Practices: New Town and Eco-City
Planning,
Huang, J., Pan, X., Guo, X. and Li, G. (2018). Health impact of China's Air
Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan: an analysis of national
air quality monitoring and mortality data. The Lancet Planetary
Health, 2(7), pp.e313-e323.

Page 7 of 13
 Transport
Pucher, J., Peng, Z.R., Mittal, N., Zhu, Y., Korattyswaroopam, N. (2007),
Urban Transport Trends and Policies in China and India: Impacts of
Rapid Economic Growth. Transport Reviews, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 379-
410. Available at:
http://www.chinaplanning.org/Publications/China%20and%20India_P
UCHE.pdf
Lecture 7 Sun, G., Wallace, D., & Webster, C. (2020). Unravelling the impact of street Guibo SUN
network structure and gated community layout in development-
oriented transit design. Land Use Policy, Vol. 90, pp. 1-11.
Woodcock, J., Edwards, P., Tonne, C., Armstrong, B.G., Ashiru, O., Banister,
D., Beevers, S., Chalabi, Z., Chowdhury, Z., Cohen, A. and Franco, O.H.
(2009). Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas
emissions: urban land transport. The Lancet, 374(9705), pp.1930-
1943.
Historical Preservation
Abramson, Daniel B. (2007), "The aesthetics of city-scale preservation
policy in Beijing," Planning Perspectives, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 129-166.
(online)
Ren, X. (2008), Forward to the past: historical preservation in globalizing
Lecture 8 Guibo SUN
Shanghai. City and Community, 7(1), 23.
ICOMOS China (2015), Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in
China,
http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publ
ications/pdf/china_prin_heritage_sites_2015.pdf
Housing
Deng, L., Shen, Q., & Wang, L. (2011). The emerging housing policy
framework in China. Journal of Planning Literature, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.
168-183.
Shi, W., Chen, J., & Wang, H. (2016). Affordable housing policy in China:
New developments and new challenges. Habitat International, Vol. 54,
pp. 224-233.
Lecture 9 He, S., Wang, D., Webster C., Chau, KW. (2019) Property rights with price Guibo SUN
tags? Pricing uncertainties in the production, transaction and
consumption of China’s small property right housing. Land Use
Policy Vol. 81, pp. 424-433.
Wang, Y. P., & Murie, A. (2011). The new affordable and social housing
provision system in China: implications for comparative housing
studies. International Journal of Housing Policy, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 237-
254.
Urban Planning and Design
Wu, F. (2015), Planning for growth: Urban and regional planning in China.
Routledge. Chapter 3, The Chinese Planning System & Chapter 5,
National and Regional Planning
Wu, F., Xu, J., Yeh, A.G.O. (2007), Changing city planning: from resource
Lecture 10 allocation to place promotion. Chapter 6 in Urban development in Guibo SUN
post-reform China: state, market, and space. London: Routledge,
2007, pp.158-192 (307.760951 W9)
Sun, G., Webster, C., & Chiaradia, A. (2018). Ungating the city: A
permeability perspective. Urban Studies, Vol. 55, No. 12, pp. 2586-
2602

Page 8 of 13
Module 3: Case Study
Case Study: Shanghai
Chan, R C K and Li Lingyu (2016), “Entrepreneurial city and the
restructuring of urban space in Shanghai Expo”, Urban Geography,
vol.38, pp.666-686.
He, S., & Wu, F. (2005). Property-led redevelopment in post-reform
Lecture 11 China: a case study of Xintiandi redevelopment project in Shanghai. Roger CHAN
Journal of Urban Affairs, 27(1), 1-23.
He, S. (2017). The creative spatio-temporal fix: Creative and cultural
industries development in Shanghai, China. Geoforum. Doi:
10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.07.017

Case Study: Guangzhou

Yeh, A.G.O., Xu, X. and Hu, H. (1995), “Social Space in Guangzhou City,
China”, Urban Geographer, Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 595-621. (S 710 U72
G34 v.16 no.5-8 1995)
Wu, F. and Yeh, A.G.O. (1997), “Changing Spatial Distribution and
Determinants of Land Development in Chinese Cities in the
Transition from a Centrally Planned Economy to a Socialist Market
Economy – A Case Study of Guangzhou”, Urban Studies, Vol.34, No.
11, pp. 1851-1879. (S 301 U72 S9 v.34 no.10-12 1997/ online)
Lecture 12 Anthony YEH
Wu, F. and Yeh, A.G.O. (1999), “Urban Spatial Structure in a Transitional
Economy: The Case of Guangzhou”, Journal of the American
Planning Association, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 377-394. (S 710 A5 P71 v.65
1999/ online)
Xu, J. and Yeh, A.G.O. (2003), “Guangzhou”, Cities, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 361-
374. (S 710 C581 v.20 2003/ online)
He, S. (2013). Evolving enclave urbanism in China and its socio-spatial
implications: The case of Guangzhou. Social & Cultural
Geography, 14(3), 243-275.

Page 9 of 13
Appendix I:

Grade descriptor for the course

Demonstrate evidence of original thought, strong analytical and critical abilities
as well as a thorough grasp of the topic from background reading and analysis;
(A)
should demonstrate excellent organizational, rhetorical and presentational
skills.
Demonstrate evidence of critical and analytical thinking but not necessarily
original in their thinking; show adequate grasp of the topic from background
(B)
reading and analysis; should demonstrate strong organizational, rhetorical and
presentational skills.
Demonstrate evidence of a reasonable grasp of their subject but most of their
(C) information is derivative, with rather little evidence of critical thinking; should
demonstrate fair organizational, rhetorical and presentational skills.
Demonstrate evidence of being able to assemble the bare minimum of
(D) information, poorly digested and not very well organized in presentation. There
is no evidence of critical thinking.
Demonstrate evidence of poor knowledge and understanding of the subject, a
Fail lack of coherence and organization, and answers are largely irrelevant. Work
fails to reach degree level

Page 10 of 13
Marking rubric for group project report
WRITTEN ARGUMENT
Grade Depth and breadth of Coverage, critical elements, structure, language and
conventions
All aspects were addressed and researched in great depth.
Demonstrates a clear understanding of and the ability to apply theory, concepts
and issues relating to the select topic.
Able to clearly identify the most critical aspects of the select issue and adopt a
A+
critical perspective.
A
Excellent development of argument and offers a logically consistent and well-
A-
articulated analysis and insight into the subject.
Draws widely from the academic literature and elsewhere whilst maintaining
relevance
All aspects conform to a high academic / professional standard
Most aspects were addressed and researched in depth.
Demonstrates a good understanding and some application of the theory and
issues relating to the select topic.
B+
Able to identify critical aspects of the select issue and adopt a critical perspective.
B
Some evidence of analysis, supported by logical argument and insight into the
B-
subject.
Draws on relevant academic and other material.
Most aspects conform to a high academic / professional standard.
Most aspects were addressed and researched adequately.
Demonstrates a good understanding of the theory, concepts and issues relating to
C+ the select topic but limited application relating to the topic.
C Some argument presented showing some insight but not always consistent and
C- logical.
Draws upon an adequate range of academic and other material
Most aspects conform to an acceptable academic / professional standard.
Basic aspects were addressed and researched adequately.
Demonstrates mainly description, showing basic understanding of the topic but no
D+ application.
D Little evidence of analysis but no clear and logical argument relating to the subject.
Draws primarily upon course materials.
Limited aspects conform to academic / professional standards.
Basic aspects were superficial, inadequate or absent.
Fail Demonstrates limited understanding of the topic and draws conclusions unrelated
F to the topic.
The written work is not of an academic / professional standard.

Page 11 of 13
Appendix II:

Names and Contact of Course Coordinator, Instructors, and Tutors*

Course Instructors
Prof Anthony G.O. Yeh Office: Rm 834, 8/F, Knowles Building; Email: hdxugoy@hku.hk
Dr. Guibo SUN Office: Rm 813, 8/F, Knowles Building; Email: gbsun@hku.hk
Dr. Roger CHAN Office: Rm 835, 8/F, Knowles Building; Email: hrxucck@hku.hk
Course Tutors
Miss Connie CHAN Office: Rm 816, 8/F, Knowles Building; Email: connie.kw.chan@hku.hk
Mr. Chang XIA Office: Rm 805, 8/F, Knowles Building; Email: xia2018@connect.hku.hk
Mr. Xiang YAN Email: shawnyan@connect.hku.hk
*For students who wish to arrange meetings with instructors and/or tutors, please email instructors
and/or tutors for meeting appointment via email before coming to their respective offices.

Page 12 of 13
Appendix III:

NOTE ON PLAGIARISM AND THE FALSIFICATION OF DATA

All the writing, diagrams and drawings in the work need to be original, written or drawn by you. YOU
CANNOT USE OTHER PEOPLE’S MATERIAL, unless the reference is clearly stated. You are allowed to
quote other people’s writing or use their ideas, as long as they are referenced properly. The
following University website contains information for ways of referencing:
https://lib.hku.hk/general/research/guides/citation_styles.html#websites

Plagiarism is a serious offense. The University website http://lib.hku.hk/tl/cp.html contains

information on copyright and plagiarism matters. You’re recommended to read two documents in
particular: “What is Plagiarism?” and “Plagiarism and How to Avoid it”.

Page 13 of 13