Wireless Sensor Network

And Its Application

Presented by
Roma Vyas 1
 Outline

• Introduction
• Sensor Node Components
• Wireless Sensor Network
• A general work process of WSN
• Sensor Networks Operating Systems
• Wireless Sensor Networks Applications
• Conclusion
• References

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 sensor and Sensor Node

• A sensor is a electronic device that measures a

physical quantity and converts it into a signal which
can be read by an observer or by an instrument.

• Sensor Node : Basic unit in Sensor Network

3
Sensor Node components
 Wireless sensor Network (WSN)

A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes “sensors”

organized into a cooperative network. The nodes communicate
wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed.

Base Station
Detection

Sensor Field
A general work process of WSN

Deploy Organize into network

Sensing and monitoring Data collection and

send it to base station

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 Goal of the sensor node

The goal from the sensor node is to collect the data at regular
intervals, then transform the data into an electrical signal and
finally send the signal to the sink or the base node.
 Sensor Networks Operating Systems

• Sensor Network uses TinyOS.

• It is a free open source operating system designed

for wireless sensor networks.

• It is an embedded operating system written in

NesC programming language, developed in 1999.

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 Need of TinyOS

• Problems with traditional OS

• Multithreaded Architecture not useful
• Large Memory Footprint
• Does not help to conserve energy and power

• Requirements for Wireless Sensor Networks

• Efficient utilization of energy and power
• Small Footprint
• Should support diversity in design and usage
• More emphasis on Concurrent execution

9 TinyOS
 TinyOS Features

• Component based architecture allows frequent changes

while still keeping the size of code minimum.

• Event based execution model means no user/kernel

boundary and hence supports high concurrency.

• It is power efficient as it makes the sensors sleep as soon

as possible.

• Has small footprint as it uses a non-preemtable FIFO

task scheduling.

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 Wireless Sensor Networks Applications

• Forest fire detection

• Air pollution monitoring
• Water quality monitoring
• Land slide detection
• Automotive application
• Military application

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Forest fire detection
• A network of Sensor Nodes can be installed in a
forest to detect when a fire has started.
• The nodes can be equipped with sensors to
measure temperature, humidity and gases which
are produced by fire in the trees or vegetation.
• If the node detects fire,it sends an alarm
message(along with its location) to the base
station
 Air pollution monitoring
• Traditional air quality monitoring methods, such
as building air quality monitoring stations, are
typically expensive.

• The solution to these is air quality monitoring

system based on the technology of wireless sensor
networks (WSNs).

• Wireless sensor networks have been deployed in

several cities to monitor the concentration of
dangerous gases for citizens.
 Water quality monitoring

• Water quality monitoring involves analyzing

water properties in dams, rivers, lakes & oceans,
as well as underground water reserves.

• Parameters considered include – temperature,

turbidity and pH
 Land slide Detection
• A landslide detection system makes use of a
wireless sensor network to detect the slight
movements of soil and changes in various
parameters that may occur before or during a
landslide.
• Through the data gathered it may be possible to
know the occurrence of landslides long before it
actually happens.
 Military Surveillance
• enemy tracking, battlefield surveillance
• target detection
• Monitoring, tracking and surveillance of
borders
• Nuclear, biological and
chemical attack detection

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Eruption
 FUTURE SCOPE

18/09/14 18
Eisha Madhwal
 Conclusions

• WSN are a widely applicable, major emerging

technology.

• WSN are getting smaller and faster, increasing their

potential applications in commercial, industrial, and
residential environments.

• However, the limit of applications depends only upon

the sensors used and the interpretation of the data
obtained.

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Thank You

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