RECOGNIZING FEMALE SENSIBILITY IN

MUSLIM HIJAB

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

NAME: NUR SHAHIZANI BT ZAMBRI

MATRIC NO: P-SED0056/21(R)

SUPERVISOR NAME: DR. SITI ROHAYA BINTI YAHAYA

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Research Background 1-2

1.2 Perception of Muslim and Non-Muslim Women on Hijab Usability 2-3

1.3 Problem Statement 3-4

1.4 Research Question 4

1.5 Objective 4-5

1.6 Significant of The Study 6

1.7 Limitation 7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 8

2.1 Introduction 8-9

2.2 Hijab Sportswear Running Athlete 9-11

2.3 Fashion Category 11

2.3.1 Womenswear 12

2.4 Fashion Market Sector 12

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 13

3.1 Introduction 13

3.2 Types of Data 14

3.2.1 Primary Data 14

3.2.2 Secondary Data 14

3.2.3 Conceptual Framework 15

3.2.4 Design Experimentation 16

3.3 Data Collection Technique 16

3.2.1 Observation 17

3.2.2 Survey 17

3.2.2.1 Preliminary Study 18

3.4 Design Experimentation 20

3.4.1 Design Criteria 21

3.4.2 Design Objective 21

3.4.3 Ideation 21-23

3.4.4 Idea Development 22-23

3.4.5 Protypes Development 23

3.4.6 Fabrics 23

References 24
 RECOGNIZING FEMALE'S SENSIBILITY IN MUSLIM HIJAB

ABSTRACT

Hijab gives women a gaze, appreciation, and protection. The long-established

culture of the Islamic Hijab is to make an attitude of unobtrusiveness and consider one

as conceivable. According to (Fatma Zehra Fidan, 2017), veiling is one of the most

important indicators of female religiosity. A woman who is veiled to carry out the

orders of the religion is thought to bring her religious beliefs into action. This is based

on the Muslim identity's desire to establish a deep connection between thought and

action. The root cause of the legitimization of veiling is consensus on women being

living creatures who lead to fitna, which is identified with bodies and bodily desire.

Thus, veiling was considered a way of dressing that would minimize or eliminate the

sexual desire of men (Sinclair 2012; Al-Mahadin 2013; Rosenberg 2019).

Fitna is the most basic foundation of the Islamic social order, which depends

on gender duality since it justifies supervising women in Islam. In this sense, dressing

style has a moral function, saving the honor of women. According to Islam, the dress

means modesty and decency that should not reveal women's bodies and shapes. On

the contrary, it should hide them. Although the appearance of Muslim religious women

is identified in this way, the limitations of women's veiled dressing and the behavior

that evokes femininity in their private indoor lives are not known. Here, behavior that

evokes femininity means how a woman reveals her sexual identity to the person she

feels romantic about or sexually attracted to her husband in this research context

(Fatma Zehra Fidan, 2017). The most noticeable identifying characteristic of a Muslim

woman is her head covering, known as a hijab.

 The hijab is complemented by loose, long and non-revealing clothes.These

findings indicate that the participants perceive the hijab as a representation of Muslim

identity. Some of them also mentioned that the hijab ensures modest behaviour.

According to Islamic guidelines, most of them interpreted the hijab as a headscarf and

outfit that covers a woman’s body. Muslim women wear the hijab to fulfil God’s

commandment regarding modesty and to reflect their personal devotion to God.

Women wearing the hijab are expected to behave modestly within Islamic boundaries.

The most common words used by the participants to describe this theme: are “hijab”,

which occurs 18 times, followed by “cover”, “cloth”, “awrah” and “head.” The theme

“Muslim women identity” emerged from the salient concept of the term hijab among

Islamic fashion retailers based on the analysis that represented as “Hijaber Identity”

(Siti Hasnah Hassan and Husna Ara, 2021).

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Background

The word "hijab" comes from the Arabic word "Hajib," meaning to hide from

view or conceal. In the present time, the context of the Hijab is the modest covering

of a Muslim woman. The Arabic word hijab holds a variety of similar meanings:

cover, conceal, hide, screen, and shelter. During the Prophet's time, Muslim women

were fully aware of the status defined by Islam for women. They participated in the

entire range of life's activities hijab refers to her full modest dress. A hijab or Hijab

is both the head-covering traditionally worn by Muslim women and modest Muslim

dress styles in general (Zulkifli and Fatin, 2013). The Arabic word means curtain or

cover, based on the root meaning "to cover, veil, and shelter." Most Islamic legal

systems define this type of modest dressing as covering everything except the face

and hands in public. According to Islamic scholarship, the Hijab is given the broader

meaning of modesty, privacy, and morality; the word for a headscarf or veil used in

the Qur'an is khimar and not Hijab. Still another definition is metaphysical, where

al-hijab "refers to the veil which separates man or the world from God. The term

"veiling" refers to the practice of wearing a scarf around one's hair, neck, and chest.

Hijab also has the connotation of physical gender separation (Zulkifli and Fatin,

2013).

The following verse from the Qur'an (Chapter 33:53) is the major religious and legal

argument for female Islamic dress code:

1
Believers, rejoice! Do not enter the Prophet's residences until you have been granted

permission to eat. It is unnecessary to wait for it to be prepared; instead, when you

are welcomed, enter and, once you have eaten, disperse without seeking familiar

conversation. The Prophet is irritated by this. He is embarrassed by your dismissal,

but Allah is not embarrassed by the truth. And you want to ask them (females) from

before the Hijab for anything. As a result, your and their hearts will be more pure. It

is also not permissible for you to irritate Allah's Apostle or to marry his widows after

him at any moment. Such a thing is truly an immensity in Allah's eyes) (Ali, 1946, p.

The Design of Muslim women, especially the hijab fashion, has gotten small

consideration within the fashion literature. The Hijab is also the most basic function

ofevery fabric designed to shield the head from the physical. The magnitude of the

damage to te body done by the sun was only recently recognized. Women at the root

of the modest fashion trend are ready to fight against the traditional fictional sporting

enthusiasts portrayed by the media like a repetitive person who takes after a simplistic

way of life (Mahmud and Swami's, 2010).

1.2 Perception of Muslim and Non-Muslim Women on Hijab

The Hijab affects Muslim women's perceived beauty, given that one of the

keygoals of Islamic dress is to limit women's physical exposure and attractiveness to

men in their immediate family "mahram". The Hijab affects suggests that Islamic

headscarf women obtain higher ratings for other personal attributes within Muslim

societies.There are few studies on this topic, but they reveal the impact of mainstream

environments on impression development. For example, (Mahmud and Swami's,

2010) research backs up the idea that religious dress influences beauty perceptions.

2
Hijab has become the most conspicuous emblem of Muslim identity and challenges in

recent years (William & Vashi, 2007; Ali, 2005).

Ali (2005) discovered in a study done in the United States that the motives

forwearing Hijab among young immigrant women in the United States are diverse.

They thought that it was Allah's will, and that wearing the Hijab was considered good

behaviour, however, many women wear it to avoid male attention. Furthermore, many

women wear Hijab due to the influences they received from learning from and

conversing with peers. Some women choose to wear Hijab with the encouragement of

family and friends, while others do so despite opposition from family, friends,

classmates, and others. Women may also wear Hijab since it is lovely, fashionable,

and modest clothing (Zulkifli & Fatin, 2013).

Hijab (Muslim women's dress code) is considered an issue of style and

religious observance in Malaysia's religious and cultural diversity. In order to properly

observe Hijab, Muslim woman must ensure that her hair, neck, and bosom are entirely

covered, but she is free to leave her face open. In fact, there is no evidence to suggest

that Muslim women are to cover their faces, and some would say that it's against Islam

to do so. The current study defines Hijab as covering private parts and adornments

from non-mahram, or those with whom they can marry, according to Zulkifli and Fatin

(2013). Hijab has been explored from various viewpoints, including history, theology,

and sociology (Williams & Vashi, 2007, Furseth, 2011). However, there is limited

research on the psychological factors that impact Muslim women's decision to wear

the Hijab, particularly in Malaysia (Williams & Vashi, 2007, Furseth, 2011).

3
 Malaysia is a multicultural, multilingual, and multi-religious country where

various ethnic groups and communities coexist while maintaining their distinct

identities. Malaysia is unusual globally, particularly in Asia, because of its multi-

ethnic makeup (Mokhlis, 2006). Malaysia can thus be considered a microcosm of Asia

(Leete, 1996), with Malays, Chinese, and Indians representing samples of Asia's three

most populous populations-Indonesia, China and India. The Malays are distinguished

from the other two major Malaysian ethnic groups by their faith (Islam); the Chinese

and Indians are essentially migrants who were brought to Malaysia by British

authorities to fulfill their economic interests (Hussein, 2012); the Chinese and the

Indians are migrants who were brought to Malaysia by British rulers to serve their

financial interests (Malaklolunthu, 2010).

1.1.1 What is the perception of Female Muslims and non-Muslim on Hijab?

1.1.2 How to develop the understanding of females Muslim and non-muslim towards
Hijab?

1.1.3 How can the design and material of hijab sportswear be accepted by hijabi
athletes who go running?

1.4 Research Questions

1.4.1 What are the selected types of material of hijab sportswear for hijabi athletes
during running?

1.4.2 What is the suitability of the design for sustainable hijab sportswear that makes
Hijabi running athletes comfortable?

1.4.3 What are the attention of design and material that can be obtained by running
athletes?

4
1.5 Objectives

The long-term goal of the research is to analyze the perception of Muslim and Non-

Muslim women towards Hijab. In both Islamic and non-Islamic religions, there is a

growing interest in and attention paid to Muslim women who wear the Hijab. Attempts

to regulate Muslim women's Islamic attire, ranging from forced unveiling in certain

nations to forced veiling in others (Ho and Drejer, 2009), show that Hijab is an important

topic that requires examination. In a study conducted in the US, Ali (2005) found that

the reasons for wearing Hijab among young immigrant women in the US vary. They

believed that Allah's will and hijab-wearing are considered proper behavior, while many

wear it to avoid getting male's attention.Moreover, many wear Hijab due to their

influences by learning from and talking to friends. Some take up wearing Hijab with the

support of family and friends; others do it despite resistance from family, friends,

schoolmates, and others. Women may also wear Hijab because it is a pretty, trendy, and

modest nice outfit (Zulkifli & Fatin, 2013).

Therefore, this research will study how these considerations articulate Muslim and

Non-Muslim women's perspectives towards Hijab. However, these studies are limited

in terms of the meaning of the Hijab, the perception of Hijab, the practices of Hijab, and

hijab sensibility. As the number of Muslim women who wear the hijab increases, the

question of the Hijab has become a point of contention among Muslim and non-Muslim

thinkers (Ruby, 2006). Janmohamed (2016) suggested that Muslim women are proud of

their hijab identity, and Lewis (2015) argued that Hijab garnered attention due to its

over-politicization. The Hijab is limited in numerous ways in the literature so far. It will

be investigated significantly from two angles: Non-Muslim and Muslim perspectives

(Lewis, 2015).
5
 1.5.1 To explore the visible on females Muslim and non-muslim for Hijab.

1.5.2 To investigate female Muslim Sensibility due to influence the Hijab on non-
Muslim.

1.5.3 To identify how the Hijab affects females when perceiving the Hijab as a
representation of Sensibility in Muslim women.

1.6 Significance of the study

Perception of hijab-wearing around Muslim and non-muslim gives a significant

impact on how it appears that it can be concluded regarding religiosity because they are a

part of social norms, practices, and values. Women's bodies play an essential role in building

a Muslim religious identity. According to social and cultural rules, the appraisal of women's

bodies under social constraints determines what is natural for bodies. One of the most critical

indications of female religiosity is veiling. A woman who wears a veil to carry out religious

directives is regarded as putting her beliefs into practice. This is due to the intention of the

Muslim identity to develop a strong link between thought and behavior. The consensus on

women as living creatures leads to fitna, associated with bodies and bodily desire, which is

the underlying reason for Hijab legitimization (Dr. Aini Maznina A. Manaf, 2014).

Fitna is the most fundamental foundation of the Islamic social order, which is based

on gender dualism since it justifies the supervision of women in Islam. As a result, Hijab

was thought to be a style of wearing that would reduce or remove men's sexual urge.

According to (Dr. Aini Maznina A. Manaf, 2014), Muslim women have positive attitudes

towards hijab-wearing. The liking for hijab-wearing provides reasonable implications to

the women because they feel safe and thus protect them from crime victims. They also

believe that hijab-wearing can preserve their dignity, and people will respect them more.

Therefore, Muslim women should wear Hijab for their safety and protection. This is very

6
important to prevent sexual harassment and adultery. On the contrary, non-muslim see

hijab-wearing as threatening to modernization, which has been discussed in Lerner's

theory of modernization. Therefore, Muslim women have to overcome the negative

interpretation of the non-muslim on the hijab-wearing Hamdan (2010).

1.7 Limitation

The practice of Hijab involves both modest dress and modest behavior (Grine and

Saeed, 2017). The notion of Hijab is a religious obligation; however, in most Muslim

countries, it is considered a cultural practice and religious one for a Muslim woman who

desires to practice and express her religious identity (Galadari, 2012). In other words, it

is a spiritual and cultural practice for a Muslim woman. In addition, there is another view

that Muslim women wear the Hijab against the Western misconception of Muslim

women being oppressed by their religion and representing their religious identity by their

choices. Recently, the Hijab has become a symbol of spiritual consciousness and, as a

result, women are pursuing it of their own accord in countries where wearing it is not

compulsory, as an indication of their desire and love for their religion and as part of the

current Islamic revival (Hassan and Harun, 2016). Hamdan (2010) mentions that the

concept of Hijab goes far beyond the idea of a psychological, religious, and cultural

prison for Muslim women; instead, it is a sign of fulfillment of a spiritual commitment

by Muslim women who proudly express their social identity with their religion by

wearing the Hijab as their own choice Hamdan (2010).

Moreover, Grine and Saeed also confirm by their study that it signifies the affiliation

of Muslim women with Islam (Grine and Saeed, 2017). A proper sensibility of the Hijab

is attained not only by wearing it correctly but also by learning about the gender role in

7
society and family and a sense of shame through education and socialization. Only then

can a Muslim female develop an attachment to and importance of the Hijab. The

relationship of perception with the Hijab arises from the relationship of human clothing

with shame. A cloth can be bare minimum or fully covered. The range of human bodily

shame lies between these two limits. The importance of the Hijab is seen in both the

individual and the social existence. When it comes to individual existence hijab can

become a symbol of shame, prevention of distraction and sexual tension, and protection

for women from the sun's harmful light. Asia country has a potentially massive market

for Islamic clothing since most of the world's Muslim population lives in that region

(Reportlinker, 2019).

So wearing of Hijab by Muslim women is a commandment from Almighty Allah

and thus constitutes part of their faith. Since the term hijab originally means something

more than wearing the headscarf, which Almighty Allah defines in the above e15

verse15. The accurate and appropriate term used for it is Khimar, for which the Quran

reads: "let them place their khimar over their necks and chests." Recognizing in human

behavior and identity formation, religion remains under-researched within the marketing

field (Sandicki, 2011). Most of the existing literature on faith–consumption interaction

focuses on the personal effects of religion and examines how religion and religious

ideologies influence individual decision making, choice, and purchase behaviors

(Hirschman, 1982, 1983; Sandikci and Ger, 2011; Moschis and Ong, 2011; Izberk-

Bilgin, 2012; Jafari and Goulding, 2013; Moufahim, 2013).

8
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

A preliminary literature review shows that past studies primarily focused on

Recognizing Females Sensibility in Muslim Hijab. However, Hijab A growing interest

and a significant amount of attention are given in either Islamic or non-Islamic

countries on the question of Hijab wearing among Muslim women. Muslim women's

dress has moral, social, and legal dimensions in Islam. From an Islamic perspective

wearing Hijab is the commandment of God; it is a sign of modesty, purity and a tool

of women"s protection; and has nothing to do with male domination. To the Muslim

women, the Hijab provides a sense of empowerment. It is a personal decision to dress

modestly according to the commandment of the genderless creator; to assert pride in

self, an embrace one"s faith openly, with n.6 independence and courageous conviction

(Ho and Drejer, 2009). Attempts to regulate Islamic dress among Muslim women from

forced unveiling in some countries to forced veiling in others (Ho and Drejer, 2009)

indicate that Hijab is an important issue that needs attention from researchers.

Notwithstanding the centrality of religion in human behavior and identity

formation, religion remains under-researched within the marketing field (Sandicki,

2011). Most of the existing literature on faith–consumption interaction focuses on the

personal effects of religion and examines how religion and religious ideologies

influence individual decision making, choice, and purchase behaviors (Hirschman,

1982, 1983; Sandikci and Ger, 2011; Moschis and Ong, 2011; Izberk-Bilgin, 2012;

9
Jafari and Goulding, 2013; Moufahim, 2013). This has led to an oversight of the

communal aspects of religion and their relationship to consumption (Sandikci and Ger,

2011). The basic requirement for Muslim women's dress can be understood by looking

into what Islam defines as "awrah," as explained in the previous section (Badawi,

1980). Referring to the Quran, Badawi (1980) stated that a Muslim woman's dress

must cover the whole body except for the areas specifically exempted, that it has to be

loose enough not to describe the shape of the woman's body, thick enough not to show

the colour of the skin or the shape of the body that it is supposed to hide, not purposely

attracts men's attention to the woman's beauty, not similar to what is known as a male

costume or the costume of non- Muslims, and not to dress for fame, pride and vanity

(Sandicki, 2011).

The obligation of wearing the Hijab among Muslim women as grounded in

Islamic rulings can be filled with garments that cover the entire body. It is a form of

modest clothing that is suitable for women to wear inside the house or within their

private spaces, without the presence of strangers or men of unmarriageable kin.

Islamic teaching has made the requirement to wear the Hijab compulsory (Sandicki,

2011). However, to enhance the Hijab by wearing a niqab is a personal choice. Even

though a woman wears the Hijab or niqab or remains behind the screen, the Hijab will

not be complete if she does not understand the meaning of wearing the Hijab and

modest behavior (Ho and Drejer, 2009).

10
2.2 Hijab Sportswear Running Athlete

Product Experience

The beauty of use,

Running Athlete
that is, one
experiences when
physically interacting
with a product
(Overbeeke and
Wensveen, 2003) Aesthetic of Consumer

Interaction Acceptance Design of Running Hijab

Sportswear towards
athlete and hijabi
society.

Figure 2: Framework of user-product interaction

The general framework for product experience applies to all affective

responses that can be experienced in human-product interaction. Although these are

only a few of many examples, they illustrate that the variety in objectives has

stimulated disciplines to develop customized terminologies of experiential

concepts.

Sportswear serves two functions that not only protect the body but also provide

a means of touch. Patterns, color, and style have become both a network of signs and

art. broadcasting has helped to bring the sport to the imagination of the general public.

New combinations and even new activities are emerging to satisfy emerging

requirements, and this complexity avoids complacency among sportswear designers.

11
Fiber and fabric manufacturers have taken advantage of advances in science and

engineering, transforming sports clothing and accessories-the new sports textile

provides protection and comfort while they were allowing competitors to do their

best. New technology fabric also offers a new aesthetic and different tactile qualities

that street-style and fashion designers are quick to embrace. Synthetics have made an

enormous difference in high-performance athletic garments and footwear. Still, with

advanced finishing techniques, the modern 'techno naturals' are now being used

continuously, typically mixes or norm materials.

The thought of Sportswear frequently takes the shape of the 'sports luxe' drift;

it is ordinarily a pardon to utilize a part of lame and makes wedge coaches, but it is

apparent that the donning world has an impact on originators (Marie et al., 2002).

Activewear for Malaysian Ladies Centering on Humility Fashion 17 Agreeing to

Brady (2014), an excellent choice for execution clothing must incorporate highlights

like breathability, adaptability, lightweight, odor anticipation, secure sensitivity,

dampness wicking, and comfortable. All clothing comprises of different components

or enumerating connected on it. There are gigantic components of activewear for

preparing it as much as possible, such as belt, padding, meddle, snap buttons, screws,

boning, and others. Activewear has some components that can usually be seen in the

line of clothing, such as the zipper, lining the underlining, taking, and cord locking

(Marie et al., 2002).

2.3 FASHION CATEGORY

12
The type of fashion can be separated by gender, which is Womenswear.

2.3.1 Womenswear

Womenswear is the rising apparel category in the industry. There is

plenty of works by designers in this fashion category. Hence the most highly

competitive sectors are Womenswear. This situation is possible because

Womenswear is not only considered more artistic but also crucially more

glamorous than other fashion areas (Sorger, 2012).

2.4 FASHION MARKET SECTOR

In fashion, for example, casual wear, formal wear, practical wear, knitwear,

Sportswear, showpieces, and accessories, es, each of the sectors has different

ranges within the same category. In each of the fashion categories, this particular

is category of genres is included if it is Womenswear (Sorger, 2012).

13
• Recognize •Existing
Oppurtunity Product

Market Product
penetrartion Development

Market
Diversification
Development

•Enlarge the
•Target Market product to the
new user

Figure 2.4.1: Conceptual model (Anders Roos, 2014)

14
 CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The primary research method for this research methodology is Enhancing the

functionality of material and design for hijab sportswear. In the concept of hijab

sportswear, enhancing suitable fabrics is how designed hijab to be breathable, made of

moisture-wicking fabric, and cut to minimize extra fabric that can hinder movement. It

even has a built-in headband to keep sweaty strands in place. Based on this understanding,

to analyze the sustainable hijab sportswear that giving of sustainability not just with the

usage of organic fabrics, but by including sustainable practices. In the second stage of this

study will be identified the methods on how Muslim women will get the opportunity to

establish healthy lifestyles and to build a foundation for future success through comfort

and trendy hijab sportswear. Woldesemait (2012) argued that the modernized

representations of the hijab sportswear do not meet the standard hijab-wearing

requirements. The expanded hijab introduction within the open circle as it was improved

the opacity of hijab wearers instead of secure the humble Muslimah image. The image

presented in Muslim women may not be entirely ideal for them seeking religious

affirmation and embracing their true calling as a Muslim (Woldesemait, 2012).

15
3.2 TYPES OF DATA

The research plan is a short document in this final step of this report, which clearly

and accurately sets out immediate impressions on a research project (Aslam, 2010). These

plans define the problems where primary and secondary data information is collected by

the researcher and followed by the proposed solution. After it, the researcher established

potential design and material suitability strategies. The researcher ultimately produced a

comprehensive description, which better matched the research study result.

3.2.1 PRIMARY DATA

Every type of data obtained from the researcher's firsthand experience. The

researcher has used a project which has not yet been published and which is more

accurate, credible, and objective. Methods for collecting this data are carried out

using survey observation, interviews, or experiments.

3.2.2 SECONDARY DATA

This secondary data was obtained from a source that was published in some

research form. Typically this approach was collected at the beginning of the project

to enable the researcher to formulate the questions and to gain an understanding of

the problem being dealt with before proceeding with the time-consuming process

of primary data collection. News sources of data sources for social science include

census records, organizational records, and information gathered through

subjective or quantitative research methodologies. This data may collect sources

16
 from different research papers, journals, surveys, or an experiment that other

people or other researchers have been doing.

3.3.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Running Hijab Athlete

Feasibility Analysis
Functionality Appearance
Consideration

Design concepts Path Analysis

Representation &
+ +
Deterministic
Selected Material Narrative Analysis
+
SEM for the mechanism of
Process PSL in Physical
Technique Activity
Tool

17
 3.2.4 DESIGN EXPERIMENTATION

Design experimentation is a method that the researcher explains the

step-making process after gather information on primary and secondary data. In this

section, the researcher will provide the design outcome from the observation and

preliminary study. From that, the researcher will come out with a color forecast,

trend forecast, fastening, styles, design ideation, design development, prototype

making, product testing, and finish product with feedback from the respondent.

3.3 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE

Quantitative Qualitative

In-depth Interview
Survey Data Collected
Data Collected

Path Analyses Narrative Analysis

A SEM for the Mechanisms Triangulation

of PSI in Physical Activity Technique

Integration Models
Resulting from Two
Procedures Compared

A Composite Model of
the Role of PSI in
Physical Activity
18
 This approach includes the study of surveys, findings, and results. This research aims at

exploring and defining Enhancing the functionality of material and designs for hijab

sportswear. The researcher will be using qualitative and quantitative methods as primary

data collection.

3.3.1 OBSERVATION

The researcher using observation as a new method to collect data from a site

overview and to identify the needs of running athletes in hijab sportswear. The

researcher discusses the different topics covered, the experience of hijab urban

sportswear, and hijab sportswear appropriate for Muslim women. The researcher

analyzes the qualities of hijab sportswear that need comfort and enhances the

feeling of hijabi running athletes as before. For this study, the researcher will take

the data collection at the Kedah sports school to perform analysis, which is for

running athletes.

3.3.2 SURVEY

To ensure these research have enough data. The researcher will conduct two types

of surveys that would help the researcher identify more information and understanding

about enhancing the functionality of material and designs for hijab sportswear. The surveys

are preliminary studies and actual surveys.

19
3.3.2.1 Preliminary study

The preliminary article presents the scope of the research study and the estimated

output of the report, as well as descriptions of how the analysis was performed. These

studies helped the researcher to identify key features to be addressed in the quality process

of the product. The preliminary study used by the researcher was to prioritize among hijabi

running athletes. This study will take at the Kedah sports school involving hijabi running

athletes. Researchers will be running open-ended questionnaires. The questionnaire will

give supplementary information to researchers to endorse test results. The researcher's task

was to perform an inquiry based on the study goal, to define the requirements and design

parameters that need to be addressed when designing hijab urban sportswear. The

preliminary study aimed to figure out how much the respondent was able to answer the

questions in the questionnaire type acceptably and understandably. The purpose of the

preliminary study is also to assess the relevance and identity of the objects in the

questionnaire. Consequently, any issue that is incorrect or impossible to interpret or

inaccurate can be corrected or removed.

3.3.2.2 Sample

The preliminary study used by the researcher was to prioritize hijabi running athletes.

This study was held in Kedah sports schools involving 30 respondents. The respondents'

age between 13 to 17 years will record by the researcher in the process.

20
3.3.2.3 ACTUAL SURVEY

3.3.2.3.1 SAMPLE

A total of respondents volunteered to participate in this survey of hijabi running

athletes. This survey will do at Kedah sports school. The researcher used a closed-ended

survey and shared the question face-to-face to get a clear understanding of the objective of

the research. This survey aims to recognize the needs of the material and design criteria for

hijab sportswear that include functional and usability features for hijabis. The

questionnaires that conduct will end with good motivating advice from the respondent.

3.3.2.4.2 MEASURES

The researcher will provide 30 questions in this survey that will measure by the

researcher. Three questions in section A were asked about the personal background of the

respondents. in section B, five-question were open-ended questionnaires. The third section

C consists of six question multiples choices and closed-ended questionnaires.

3.3.2.4.2.1 SECTION A – PERSONAL INFORMATION

A questionnaire will develop by the researcher using qualitative and quantitative

methods. In the first section, the respondent will answer all the questions regarding

demographic background such as age, marital status, employment status, and monthly

income.

21
3.3.2.4.2.2 SECTION B – HIJAB SPORTSWEAR

The next step was to identify the necessary information of hijabi running athletes,

designs specification for hijab sportswear. Furthermore, the researcher also identified the

suitability of fabrics that the runners will choose based on their mood in running

performance. This is because this research requires experimentation to enhancing the

material and design. This section will consist of four questions.

3.3.2.4.2.3 SECTION C - PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Within this segment, four questions are used to classify the categories of hijab

sportswear their need to enhance the functionality of materials and designs. Furthermore,

the researcher will also identify the types of functional hijab sportswear and the duration

of participation in running per week.

3.4 DESIGN EXPERIMENTATION

Design experimentation is a necessary process, as this method provides the product

of assessment and survey. In this segment, researchers will define design requirements such

as comfort, practical, and usability functions. The researcher should then continue to agree

on the right design parameters. The result that the researcher will do during the survey

questionnaire. From the questionnaire, the researcher will come out with ideation and

22
continue to expand the design through idea development. This method continues as the

researcher will choose design development that potentially can be developed into

prototypes. This prototype will undergo a post-test to identify whether the design is suitable

or need to improve more and finally the finished product.

3.4.1 DESIGN CRITERIA

Design criteria are the most critical part of the research. This method will identify

requirements for design such as comfortable, breathability, lightweight content, flexibility,

and functionality. The researcher will explain the design consideration that the respondent

choose.

3.4.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVE

The researcher will explain the research aim in this part. The research achievement

is targeting running athletes especially those who want to wear the functional sportswear

hijab. Besides researcher will identify the common problems runners while working out in

hijab sportswear.

3.4.3 IDEATION

In terms of concepts and outcomes, it will represent a process of "going wide."

Ideation offers fuel as well as the source material for creating prototypes and providing the

runners with innovative solutions. In constructing the ideation process, it is required to

23
 determine the features among hijabi running athletes' needs that are involved in the

usability, and technical of hijab sportswear.

Table 8: Usability, Technical and Aesthetic features

Usability Technical Aesthetic

Designed for sun Full coverage for head and The headband on the inner
protection during outdoor neck side of the scarf ensures
activities. that the scarf is kept in
place.

Performance hijab for The tube scarf provides Eco-friendly piece

Muslim women wearing additional coverage for the
is versatile and durable
headscarves. neck without any friction
inconvenience
due to its content and the
use of natural fibers

3.4.4 IDEA DEVELOPMENT

Idea developments are from the selected ideation that the researcher will design

with suitable and specify the needs of runners athletes. This idea is based on

silhouette, color, material, designs, fastening, detailing, and style. This design

development also includes the element and principle of design as the researcher aim

24
to enhance the headscarves with minimalist design at the same time will boost

running athletes' self-esteem.

3.4.5 PROTOTYPES DEVELOPMENT

Prototypes are the preliminary version of the product from which forms are

developing. This prototype is an innovative product that the researchers have done

before proceeding to the actual final design. These prototypes will be testing, and

some parts will improvise or redevelop by the researcher. This method will be

shown a step-by-step process for creating a product through this; the researcher has

the opportunity to enable the functionality of the material and design needs.

3.4.6 FABRICS

Fabric is the most important material in sportswear preference as the

materials that suitable for running athletes. This is because the materials that

suitable for them must be as comfortable for comfort during running. In this section

the researcher experiment with various fabrics in making suitable fabrics that

enhance the runner's confidence and feel the ease of wearing it.

25
Conclusion

Sports is regarded as one of the main factors of fashion, mirrored in the effects of our

lifestyle choices, reflected in our practical, relaxed wardrobe choices today.

Technical sports-specific hijab is often appropriated by those who wish to associate

with individual hijabi athlete running. The innovative fabrics allow much flexibility

for the fashion designer. For example, with stretch fabrics, less cutting, seaming, and

shaping are needed. It is the combination of the right material with cutting and

building techniques that is making the hijab successful. The practical, fashionable

hijab sportswear has to have ample mobility allowance, and the veil is built to be more

relaxed. The ability to sweat is an essential physiological feature of the eyes.

Movement produces warmth, and the body cools down by dissipating the skin with

sweat. In general, according to (Slyvia, 2018) Muslim or modest women do not feel

represented by, the whole development was born as a way of satisfying the need for

modest clothing that can be comfortable, smart and flexible, and in the long run, the

global market appeared to be prepared to take advantage of that opportunity. Hijab

sportswear also performs a dual role, which not only protects the head but also

provides a means of communication (Slyvia,

2018).

26
 REFERENCES

Aulia, D., & Briliana, V. (2017). Brand Equity Dimension and Consumer Behavior in
Social Media. Southeast Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics,
and Law, 13(2), 15–24. Retrieved from
http://seajbel.com/wpcontent/uploads/2017/09/BUS-58.pdf

Alison L. Goodrum (2005). The National Fabric, Fashion, Britishness, Globalization,

Oxford, New York. Berg Publishers

Damayanti, I., & Rahayu, N. I. (2017). The Effect of Muslim Women’s Sportswear

(Jilbab) to Dehydration Level and Thermoregulation after Exercise. In IOP

Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (Vol.180). Institute of

Physics Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-

899X/180/1/012204

Karana, E., Hekkert, P., Kandachar, P., 2010. A tool for meaning-driven materials

selection. Materials and Design 31, 2932e2941

Karana E, Hekkert P, Kandachar (2007). Sensorial properties of materials for creating

expressive meanings. In: Kansei engineering and emotion research conference.

Japan: Sapporo.

Michael Ashy (2013). Materials Experience-Fundamentals of Materials and Design

Woodward D.G (1997), Life

27
Gulamhussein, Q., & Eaton, N. R. (2015). Hijab, Religiosity, and Psychological Wellbeing
of Muslim Women in the United States. Journal of Muslim Mental Health,

28
29